AR011995A2 - Composicion de catalizador bimetalico heterogeneo de paladio-oro para la preparacion de acetato de vinilo a partir de etileno, acido acetico y oxigeno - Google Patents
Composicion de catalizador bimetalico heterogeneo de paladio-oro para la preparacion de acetato de vinilo a partir de etileno, acido acetico y oxigenoInfo
- Publication number
- AR011995A2 AR011995A2 ARP980101292A ARP980101292A AR011995A2 AR 011995 A2 AR011995 A2 AR 011995A2 AR P980101292 A ARP980101292 A AR P980101292A AR P980101292 A ARP980101292 A AR P980101292A AR 011995 A2 AR011995 A2 AR 011995A2
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- gold
- catalyst
- vinyl acetate
- ethylene
- oxygen
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 6
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 gold organic compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0207—Pretreatment of the support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/04—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C07C67/05—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation
- C07C67/055—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation in the presence of platinum group metals or their compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Un catalizador bimetálico heterogéneo de paladio-oro para la produccion de acetato vinílico a partir de etileno, ácido acético y oxígeno. Un catalizadorde la presente invencion está preparado mediante la formacion de un primer revestimiento dedispersion en capa de metal de paladio coloidal sobre lasuperficie de soporte del catalizador y superponiendo un segundo revestimiento de dispersion en capa de metal de oro coloidal sobre la superficie de soportedel catalizador. Un compuestoorganom etálico de oro se emplea para aplicar la dispersion de oro sobre la superficie de soporte del catalizador. El compuestoorganométrico de oro no requiere un procedimiento de fijacion, que normalmente es la causa de una escasa retencion demetal de o ro. Un catalizador preferido de paladio-oro tiene una elevada retencion de metal de oro y exhibe durabilidad y selectividad a largo plazo en la produccion de acetato vínilico.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/655,571 US5700753A (en) | 1996-05-24 | 1996-05-24 | Heterogeneous bimetallic palladium-gold catalyst for vinyl acetate production |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AR011995A2 true AR011995A2 (es) | 2000-09-13 |
Family
ID=24629432
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARP970101999A AR007116A1 (es) | 1996-05-24 | 1997-05-13 | Proceso para la preparacion de un catalizador para la produccion de acetato vinilico a partir de etileno, acido acetico y oxigeno |
| ARP980101292A AR011995A2 (es) | 1996-05-24 | 1998-03-20 | Composicion de catalizador bimetalico heterogeneo de paladio-oro para la preparacion de acetato de vinilo a partir de etileno, acido acetico y oxigeno |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARP970101999A AR007116A1 (es) | 1996-05-24 | 1997-05-13 | Proceso para la preparacion de un catalizador para la produccion de acetato vinilico a partir de etileno, acido acetico y oxigeno |
Country Status (28)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5700753A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0906151B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4043520B2 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1093001C (es) |
| AR (2) | AR007116A1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE203187T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU713368B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9709033A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2254912C (es) |
| CZ (1) | CZ297144B6 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69705720T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0906151T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2159137T3 (es) |
| HU (1) | HUP9904003A3 (es) |
| ID (1) | ID16953A (es) |
| IN (1) | IN191380B (es) |
| MY (1) | MY114044A (es) |
| NO (1) | NO316363B1 (es) |
| NZ (1) | NZ332917A (es) |
| PL (1) | PL189150B1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2182516C2 (es) |
| SA (1) | SA97180048B1 (es) |
| TR (1) | TR199802415T2 (es) |
| TW (1) | TW448074B (es) |
| UA (1) | UA61073C2 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1997044130A1 (es) |
| YU (1) | YU49149B (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA973748B (es) |
Families Citing this family (40)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6034030A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 2000-03-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst preparation method |
| DE4443701C1 (de) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-08-29 | Degussa | Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| US5968869A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1999-10-19 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising palladium and gold deposited on a copper containing carrier |
| US5948724A (en) * | 1997-10-28 | 1999-09-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising metallic palladium and gold and cupric acetate |
| WO1999039824A1 (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-08-12 | Engelhard Corporation | Suppression of aging for pd-au vinyl acetate monomer catalyst |
| US6017847A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-01-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst prepared with potassium aurate and comprising metallic palladium and gold on a carrier precoated with copper |
| ID26891A (id) * | 1998-06-02 | 2001-02-15 | Celanese Internasional Corp | Katalis vinil asetat yang terdiri dari palladium logam dan emas yang dibuat dengan potasium aurat |
| US6015769A (en) * | 1998-06-02 | 2000-01-18 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising metallic palladium, gold and copper supported on a carrier and prepared with potassium aurate |
| JP2000070718A (ja) * | 1998-06-17 | 2000-03-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | ベンジルエステルの製造方法 |
| DE19914066A1 (de) * | 1999-03-27 | 2000-10-05 | Celanese Chem Europe Gmbh | Katalysatoren für die Gasphasenoxidation von Ethylen und Essigsäure zu Vinylacetat, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| US6821923B1 (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2004-11-23 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Method of preparing a catalyst containing gold and titanium |
| US6552220B1 (en) | 1999-04-14 | 2003-04-22 | Showa Denko K.K. | Catalyst for production of acetic acid and ethyl acetate, process for its production and process for production of acetic acid and ethyl acetate using it |
| US6303537B1 (en) | 1999-11-17 | 2001-10-16 | Celanese International Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst comprising metallic palladium and gold and prepared utilizing sonication |
| US6509292B1 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2003-01-21 | Sud-Chemie Inc. | Process for selective hydrogenation of acetylene in an ethylene purification process |
| US6936568B2 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2005-08-30 | Sud-Chemie Inc. | Selective hydrogenation catalyst |
| FR2842125B1 (fr) * | 2002-07-09 | 2006-03-31 | Sicat | Methode de preparation par impregnation biphasique de nouveaux catalyseurs pour catalyse heterogene, et utilisation desdits catalyseurs |
| US7655021B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2010-02-02 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Dilator with expandable member |
| WO2005065821A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-21 | Celanese International Corporation | Layered support material for catalysts |
| TW201240725A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2012-10-16 | Celanese Int Corp | Layered support material for catalysts |
| WO2006068764A2 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Modified support materials for catalysts |
| US7507495B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2009-03-24 | Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc | Hydrogen absorption induced metal deposition on palladium and palladium-alloy particles |
| JP4261502B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-14 | 2009-04-30 | 富士通マイクロエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 検証支援装置、検証支援方法、検証支援プログラム、および記録媒体 |
| US8227369B2 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2012-07-24 | Celanese International Corp. | Layered composition and processes for preparing and using the composition |
| US7704919B2 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2010-04-27 | Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc | Electrocatalysts having gold monolayers on platinum nanoparticle cores, and uses thereof |
| KR100917495B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-27 | 2009-09-16 | 나노스텔라 인코포레이티드 | 팔라듐-금을 포함하는 엔진 배기가스 촉매 |
| US7534738B2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2009-05-19 | Nanostellar, Inc. | Engine exhaust catalysts containing palladium-gold |
| US7709414B2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2010-05-04 | Nanostellar, Inc. | Engine exhaust catalysts containing palladium-gold |
| US8258070B2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2012-09-04 | WGCH Technology Limited | Engine exhaust catalysts containing palladium-gold |
| US7811968B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2010-10-12 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Preparation of palladium-gold catalysts |
| DE102007025443A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Süd-Chemie AG | Pd/Au-Schalenkatalysator enthaltend HfO2, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102007025358A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-01-08 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit Pd und/oder Au beladenen Schalenkatalysators |
| DE102007025223A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Süd-Chemie AG | Zirkoniumoxid-dotierter VAM-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102007025362A1 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-11 | Süd-Chemie AG | Dotierter Pd/Au-Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
| DE102007025315A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-11 | Süd-Chemie AG | Katalysator zur selektiven Hydrierung acetylenischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| DE102007025356A1 (de) * | 2007-05-31 | 2009-01-08 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schalenkatalysators und Schalenkatalysator |
| DE102007025442B4 (de) | 2007-05-31 | 2023-03-02 | Clariant International Ltd. | Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Schalenkatalysators und Schalenkatalysator |
| DE202008017277U1 (de) | 2008-11-30 | 2009-04-30 | Süd-Chemie AG | Katalysatorträger |
| US8071504B2 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2011-12-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust system having a gold-platinum group metal catalyst |
| GB201110850D0 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2011-08-10 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst and mehtod of preparation |
| WO2016143490A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-15 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 金ヒドロキソ陰イオン錯体溶液 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1185604B (de) * | 1962-02-03 | 1965-01-21 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| DE1252662B (es) * | 1965-06-25 | |||
| CH534005A (de) * | 1968-02-01 | 1973-02-28 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Palladium und Gold enthaltenden Katalysators |
| GB1333449A (en) * | 1970-11-20 | 1973-10-10 | Hoechst Ag | Process for the oxacylation of olefins in the gaseous phase |
| US3939199A (en) * | 1971-01-06 | 1976-02-17 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Oxacylation of olefins in the gaseous phase |
| JPS514118A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1976-01-14 | Kuraray Co | Sakusanbiniruno seizohoho |
| US4133962A (en) * | 1975-02-14 | 1979-01-09 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of carboxylic acid alkenyl esters |
| US4048096A (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-09-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Surface impregnated catalyst |
| US4089096A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1978-05-16 | John Graham Michael | Method of making school ring top |
| FR2523149A1 (fr) * | 1982-03-15 | 1983-09-16 | Catalyse Soc Prod Francais | Nouveau catalyseur supporte palladium-or, sa preparation et son utilisation dans les reactions d'hydrogenation selective d'hydrocarbures diolefiniques et/ou acetyleniques |
| DE3803900A1 (de) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-08-17 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von vinylacetat |
| US4933204A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-06-12 | Rockwell International Corporation | Method of producing a gold film |
| US5185308A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1993-02-09 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Catalysts and processes for the manufacture of vinyl acetate |
| US5179057A (en) * | 1991-05-06 | 1993-01-12 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Catalysts for alkenyl alkanoate production |
| DE4120492A1 (de) * | 1991-06-21 | 1992-12-24 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von vinylacetat |
| US5194417A (en) * | 1991-12-05 | 1993-03-16 | Quantum Chemical Corporation | Pretreatment of palladium-gold catalysts useful in vinyl acetate synthesis |
| US5314858A (en) * | 1992-10-14 | 1994-05-24 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Vinyl acetate catalyst preparation method |
| DE4239876C1 (de) * | 1992-11-27 | 1994-07-28 | Degussa | Verfahren zur gleichmäßigen und reproduzierbaren Schalenimprägnierung von als Schüttgut vorliegenden Festbett-Katalysatorträgern und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| EP0601705B1 (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 1996-11-06 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Catalysts from organo-noble metal precursors |
| DE4323980C1 (de) * | 1993-07-16 | 1995-03-30 | Hoechst Ag | Palladium und Kalium sowie Cadmium, Barium oder Gold enthaltender Schalenkatalysator, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat |
| CA2135021A1 (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-20 | David J. Gulliver | Process for the preparation of catalysts for use in the production of vinyl acetate |
| US5466652A (en) * | 1994-02-22 | 1995-11-14 | The Standard Oil Co. | Process for the preparation of vinyl acetate catalyst |
-
1978
- 1978-05-20 SA SA97180048A patent/SA97180048B1/ar unknown
-
1996
- 1996-05-24 US US08/655,571 patent/US5700753A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-21 TW TW086105162A patent/TW448074B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-24 YU YU15897A patent/YU49149B/sh unknown
- 1997-04-28 IN IN746CA1997 patent/IN191380B/en unknown
- 1997-04-30 ZA ZA973748A patent/ZA973748B/xx unknown
- 1997-05-13 AR ARP970101999A patent/AR007116A1/es unknown
- 1997-05-15 ES ES97925642T patent/ES2159137T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-15 BR BR9709033A patent/BR9709033A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-15 AU AU30720/97A patent/AU713368B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-15 CN CN97194909A patent/CN1093001C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-15 CZ CZ0382598A patent/CZ297144B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-15 PL PL97330065A patent/PL189150B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-15 HU HU9904003A patent/HUP9904003A3/hu unknown
- 1997-05-15 DE DE69705720T patent/DE69705720T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-15 EP EP97925642A patent/EP0906151B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-15 UA UA98116172A patent/UA61073C2/uk unknown
- 1997-05-15 DK DK97925642T patent/DK0906151T3/da active
- 1997-05-15 CA CA002254912A patent/CA2254912C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-15 AT AT97925642T patent/ATE203187T1/de active
- 1997-05-15 NZ NZ332917A patent/NZ332917A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-15 TR TR1998/02415T patent/TR199802415T2/xx unknown
- 1997-05-15 RU RU98123190/04A patent/RU2182516C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-05-15 JP JP54263697A patent/JP4043520B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-15 WO PCT/US1997/008491 patent/WO1997044130A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-05-21 ID IDP971701A patent/ID16953A/id unknown
- 1997-05-22 MY MYPI97002239A patent/MY114044A/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-03-20 AR ARP980101292A patent/AR011995A2/es active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-23 NO NO19985446A patent/NO316363B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
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