WO2026024084A1 - Method and apparatus for determining transmission priority between communication service and sensing service in integrated sensing and communication technology - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for performing wireless communication and sensing, and an apparatus for supporting same are provided. A first apparatus can acquire information related to a first threshold, acquire information related to a second threshold, compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold on the basis that a first priority value related to data is greater than the first threshold, and transmit the sensing signal on the basis that the second priority value related to the sensing signal is less than the second threshold.

Description

Method and device for determining transmission priority between communication services and sensing services in sensing and communication integration technology

The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

per device peak data rate 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms maximum spectral efficiency 100bps/Hz mobility support Up to 1000km/hr satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous vehicle Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

In one embodiment, a method of performing sensing by a first device is provided. The method may include: obtaining, by the first device, information related to a first threshold; obtaining, by the first device, information related to a second threshold; comparing, by the first device, a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold; and transmitting, by the first device, the sensing signal based on the second priority value related to the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform sensing is provided. The first device comprises at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: obtain information related to a first threshold; obtain information related to a second threshold; compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold; and transmit the sensing signal based on the second priority value related to the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device is provided. The processing device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: obtain information related to a first threshold; obtain information related to a second threshold; compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold; and transmit the sensing signal based on the second priority value related to the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon is provided. The instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain information related to a first threshold; obtain information related to a second threshold; compare a second priority value associated with a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value associated with data being greater than the first threshold; and transmit the sensing signal based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates the main sensing modes of ISAC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a method of performing sensing through sensing signal transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a second device to transmit information related to a threshold to a first device, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and/or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma may mean "and/or." For example, "A/B" may mean "A and/or B." Accordingly, "A/B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being preset to a device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell/node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications)/GPRS (general packet radio service)/EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node/cell, a TRP, a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and/or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and/or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and/or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and/or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and/or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and/or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled/transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and/or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and/or control information on the data channel.

In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and/or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and/or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and/or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and/or channel decoding.

For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers (e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device) through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering/integrity protection.

For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and/or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and/or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and/or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and/or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

Table 2 below illustrates the number of symbols per slot (N ^slot _symb ), the number of slots per frame (N ^frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N ^subframe,u _slot ) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or _extended CP is used.

CP type SCS (15*2 ^u ) N ^slot _symb N ^frame,u _slot N ^{subframes, u} _slots Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 14 10 1 30kHz (u=1) 14 20 2 60kHz (u=2) 14 40 4 120kHz (u=3) 14 80 8 240kHz (u=4) 14 160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 12 40 4

For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz/60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and/or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE does not detect downlink control information (DCI) for a certain period of time, the UE can switch its active BWP to the default BWP.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

For example, the BWP can be set by a point A, an offset from point A (N ^start _BWP ), and a bandwidth (N ^size _BWP ). For example, point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

- Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

- THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

- Large-scale MIMO technology

- Hologram beamforming (HBF)

- Optical wireless technology

- Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

- Quantum communication

- Cell-free communication

- Integration of wireless information and power transmission

- Integration of wireless communication and sensing

- Integrated access and backhaul network

- Big data analysis

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface

- metaverse

- Block chain

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

- Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

- Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and/or objects within the environment.

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and/or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and/or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

For example, a terminal can obtain information about the environment and/or the characteristics of objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, e.g., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal can be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station/terminal. For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal scattered/reflected by one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered/reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated/obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result can include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing results generated/obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and/or environments) or provided/disclosed to a trusted third party.

For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing receiver. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and/or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and/or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal on a wireless interface that may be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit sensing signals over a 3GPP wireless interface that may be used for sensing purposes.

For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on mathematical equation 1.

Here, for example, the target channel H _target may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, the background channel H _Background may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it is often referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target is more easily detectable. For example, in a radar sensor measurement, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, the received power may be based on the RCS of the target, among other factors. For example, the received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the RCS of a target may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and/or the target illumination.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to Figure 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar mathematical formula may be defined as in Equation 2.

Here, for example, P _TX can be the transmitter power [W], G _TX can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m ² ], P _RX can be the power received back by the EUT from the object [W], and A _eff can be the effective area of the receiving antenna [m ² ]. For example, A _eff can be obtained based on Equation 3.

Here, for example, G _RX can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c/f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m/s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

For example, if the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for transmission and reception (G _TX = G _RX = G), the relevant radar equation can be defined as Equation 4.

Here, for example, P _TX can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m ² ], and P _RX can be the power received back by the EUT from the object [W].

In this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

For example, “PRS” or “SL PRS” below can be interpreted/applied as “sensing signal” or “sensing RS (reference signal)”.

- LMF: Location Management Function

- UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE.

- SL positioning triggered by base station/LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station/LMF.

- UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

- SL positioning controlled by the base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station.

- UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE.

- UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station/LMF.

- SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

- T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

- S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE's positioning

- Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

- MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

- MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

- SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

- CCH: Control Channel

- IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from other UEs, including a RX UE, that includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE (preferred resources) and/or information about a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resources).

- Sensing RS (reference signal): Reference signal used for measurement for sensing purposes

- BS-BS sensing: BS-BS sensing may mean sensing in which BS#1 transmits a sensing RS and BS#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are separate BSs, this may mean a BS-BS bi-static sensing operation. For example, if BS#1 and BS#2 are the same BS, this may mean a BS-BS mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if BS#1 and/or BS#2 are one or more BSs, this may mean a BS-BS multi-static sensing operation.

- BS-UE sensing: BS-UE sensing may refer to sensing in which a BS transmits a sensing RS and a UE receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and/or the UE are one or more BSs and/or one or more UEs, it may refer to a BS-UE multi-static sensing operation.

- UE-BS sensing: UE-BS sensing may refer to sensing in which a UE transmits a sensing RS and a BS receives the sensing RS. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if the BS and/or the UE are one or more BSs and/or one or more UEs, it may refer to a UE-BS multi-static sensing operation.

- UE-UE sensing: UE-UE sensing may mean sensing in which UE#1 transmits a sensing RS and UE#2 receives the sensing RS. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are separate UEs, this may mean a UE-UE bi-static sensing operation. For example, if UE#1 and UE#2 are the same UE, this may mean a UE-UE mono-static sensing operation. For example, the BS may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). For example, if UE#1 and/or UE#2 are one or more UEs, this may mean a UE-UE multi-static sensing operation.

- SMF: Sensing Management Function

- TSA: Target Sensing Area

For example, the way a UE calculates its own location can be called “UE-based.”

For example, a Transmission Point (TP) may be a geographically co-located set of transmit antennas (e.g., an antenna array (including one or more antenna elements)) for a cell, a portion of a cell, or a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point. For example, a transmission point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a downlink PRS-dedicated transmission point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more transmission points. For example, in a homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to one cell.

For example, a Reception Point (RP) may be a geographically co-located set of receiving antennas (e.g., an antenna array (including one or more antenna elements)) for a cell, a portion of a cell, or an uplink SRS-only reception point. For example, the reception point may include base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antennas, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of the base station, an antenna of an uplink SRS-only reception point, etc. For example, a cell may include one or more reception points. For example, in a homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to one cell.

For example, a PRS-only TP may be a TP that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based TBS positioning and is not associated with a cell.

For example, a Transmission-Reception point (TRP) may be a geographically co-located set of antennas (e.g., an antenna array (comprising one or more antenna elements)) that support transmission point and/or reception point functionality.

For example, an SRS-only RP may be a RP that receives only SRS signals for uplink-only positioning and is not associated with a cell.

For example, in the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced and used as the same entity.

For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information:

- SL PRS resource set ID

- SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set.

- SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

- Alpha for SL PRS power control

- P0 for SL PRS power control

- Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB or DL PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources composed of the following information.

- SL PRS resource ID

- SL PRS comb size: Interval between REs where SL PRS is transmitted within a symbol

- SL PRS comb offset: RE index where SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

- SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS.

- SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol transmitting SL PRS within a slot.

- Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up the SL PRS in one slot.

- Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) at which the SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

- SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

- SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

- SL PRS periodicity: the period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, a unit of physical or logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

- SL PRS Offset: The offset in the time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC/MAC-CE/DCI/SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

- SL PRS sequence ID

- SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

- SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location, etc.

For example, the terminal may perform the LCP procedure according to the LCP (Logical Channel Prioritization) priority order when there is logical channel data and/or MAC CE and/or control message (e.g., PC5-S message and/or PC5 RRC message) to transmit.

For example, the LCP procedure may be as follows. For example, when a terminal has multiple messages or data to transmit (e.g., MAC CE, communication data, (PC5) RRC message), the terminal may first generate a MAC PDU for a message with a higher priority based on priorities (e.g., priority). For example, when the terminal has MAC CE and data to transmit, if the destinations of the MAC CE and the data are different, the terminal may first multiplex a message (e.g., MAC CE) with a higher priority (e.g., priority) into the MAC PDU to generate a MAC PDU. In addition, for example, when the destinations of messages are the same, the terminal may perform a multiplexing operation for generating a MAC PDU by preferentially selecting a message with a higher priority.

Meanwhile, in conventional communications (e.g., NR Uu or NR sidelink), the sensing procedure of a device (e.g., a terminal or a base station) was not considered a service. However, since the main purpose of the ISAC service is to quickly detect and distinguish a target object through sensing, it is necessary to classify the sensing procedure (or operation) as a service that must satisfy one QoS requirement (e.g., 1. sensing latency: the time it takes for a terminal that triggers sensing to trigger the sensing procedure and receive the sensing result of the target object from a receiving terminal and/or 2. sensing accuracy, etc.). For example, in ISAC, the sensing behavior of a device (e.g., a terminal or a base station or a Sensing Management Function (SMF)) can be considered a service that must satisfy the ISAC sensing QoS requirement. For example, the terminal can perform sensing operations based on the sensing QoS (e.g., transmitting sensing RS and/or receiving sensing RS (sensing signal)).

For example, sensing in ISAC can be considered a higher-layer service that must satisfy sensing QoS (or sensing quality) based on sensing results. A new QoS (e.g., SQFI) for the ISAC sensing service can be defined as follows.

- For example, the sensing QoS flow ID (SQFI) can be:

- SQFI 1~8 (can be distinguished by the level of sensing QoS requirements (e.g., 1. sensing accuracy, 2. sensing latency: e.g., latency boundary from sensing triggering to receiving sensing results, and/or 3. sensing priority: priority that can be used to determine which sensing service to trigger first based on priority when multiple sensing procedures are required)). For example, the smaller (or higher) the SQFI value, the tighter (e.g., a sensing service requiring high sensing accuracy, or a sensing service requiring low/lower/lowest sensing latency) the sensing service can be defined.

Additionally, for example, ISAC can define terminal and TRP (or base station) operations to support sensing services such as detection, localization, and tracking.

**Sensing QoS for ISAC services (e.g., detection, position estimation, and/or tracking)**

- Detection QoS: Detection probability and/or false alarm probability

- Location estimation QoS: Location estimation of static objects. QoS parameters of location estimation (e.g., time delay and/or angle of arrival)

- Tracking QoS: Tracking state changes (e.g. range, angle and/or speed) of moving objects (e.g. vehicles or drones).

FIG. 10 illustrates the main sensing modes of an ISAC according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 10, for example, a support scenario for a sensing service in ISAC may be as follows.

For example, the six main sensing modes supported by ISAC could be:

- gNB mono-static (e.g., the same gNB provides both Tx and Rx)

- gNB bi-static (e.g. one gNB is Tx and the other is Rx)

- Bi-static between gNB and UE (gNB-to-UE bi-static, e.g. gNB is Tx and UE is Rx)

- Bi-static between UE and gNB (UE-to-gNB bi-static, e.g. UE is Tx and gNB is Rx)

- UE mono-static (e.g. same UE provides both Tx and Rx)

- UE bi-static (e.g. one UE is Tx and the other UE is Rx)

For example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be solutions that are scalable and applicable to all six sensing scenarios.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure proposes a prioritization rule for determining transmission priority between a communication service and a sensing service.

For example, if a sensing function (SF) is implemented in a base station, the base station can independently manage/schedule communication services and sensing services. Furthermore, even if the sensing function (SF) that manages the sensing service is supported by a server in the core network, processes such as sensing service scheduling/configuration can be performed through an interface between the server and the base station. Therefore, for example, independent management/scheduling of communication services and sensing services can be performed.

For example, when there is an overload of sensing services (e.g., transmitting sensing measurement data) and communication services (e.g., transmitting communication data), a prioritization/de-prioritization procedure needs to be defined for determining which service should be supported with priority.

For example, unless a separate logical channel (LCH) is defined for the sensing service, prioritization of communication services and sensing services may not be possible using conventional logical channel-based prioritization procedures. For example, prioritization of logical channel data belonging to the same logical channel may not have been supported in the past. Therefore, for example, if communication service-related data and sensing service-related data occur simultaneously on the same logical channel, prioritization procedures between the two services may not be possible using conventional logical channel-based prioritization.

For example, a conventional logical channel-based prioritization procedure may be as follows. For example, when multiple logical channel data are available for multiple logical channels of a terminal, the terminal may preferentially generate a MAC PDU (medium access control protocol data unit) for the logical channel data belonging to the logical channel with the highest priority. Then, for example, the terminal may preferentially accommodate the generated MAC PDU in the allocated uplink grant and transmit the prioritized logical channel data with preferentially.

Below, we propose priority rules for communication services and sensing services.

In the present disclosure, in order to support priority rules for sensing services and communication services in ISAC, a priority value may be defined for each sensing service supported in ISAC (e.g., Tracking service, Detection service, Localization service, etc.) or for each sensing service with different QoS requirements (e.g., Tracking service "1", Tracking service "2", Detection service "1", etc.).

For example, if communication logical channel data and sensing logical channel data occur simultaneously on the same logical channel of the terminal, the terminal can directly compare the communication logical channel priority value and the sensing service priority value. Through this, the terminal can, for example, prioritize and select logical channel data for a service with a lower priority value. And, for example, the terminal can preferentially generate logical channel data related to the selected service as a MAC PDU. In addition, for example, the terminal can preferentially accommodate the generated MAC PDU in the allocated uplink grant. For example, the terminal can preferentially transmit the prioritized logical channel data accommodated in the allocated uplink grant. For example, even if all logical channel data for the prioritized service are accommodated in the MAC PDU, there may still be available space in the MAC PDU. In this case, for example, the terminal may continue to accept logical channel data for services having lower priority values (e.g., communication service logical channel priority value, sensing service priority value, and/or MAC CE priority value) in MAC PDUs.

For example, a base station can independently manage and schedule communication services and sensing services. Furthermore, for example, a base station can independently manage the operation of sensing services by providing terminals with the following settings for each sensing service.

For example, sensing service settings can be configured based on sensing service priorities. Furthermore, for example, a sensing function (SF) can determine sensing service priorities (e.g., the priority of sensing service logical channel data) by reflecting the QoS requirements of the sensing service.

For example, the sensing service configuration may include: sensing service priority, uplink grant, HARQ feedback option (HARQ feedback enabled or HARQ feedback disabled) and/or sensing-PrioritizationThres (thresholds for prioritizing sensing signals).

For example, the RRC or sensing function of the base station can separately set the priority of the communication service logical channel and the priority of the sensing service logical channel for each logical channel.

For example, if communication logical channel data and sensing logical channel data occur simultaneously on the same logical channel of the terminal, and there is also a triggered sensing signal (e.g., ISAC sensing reference signal (sensing RS)), the terminal can perform a priority determination procedure for the sensing signal of the terminal by applying the following priority rules.

For example, when the terminal basically performs a priority procedure between logical channel data and sensing RS, it can be assumed that a priority weight is applied to logical channel data (e.g., uplink communication service logical channel data and/or uplink sensing service logical channel data) higher than the priority weight of the sensing RS.

For example, if the priority of the logical channel data (e.g., communication logical channel priority and sensing data priority) is less than ul-PrioritizationThres (which may represent an uplink priority threshold used to determine whether other TXs (e.g., sidelink and/or sensing service related TXs) are prioritized over UL TXs, as specified in TS 38.321), the logical channel data may be prioritized. In this case, for example, the uplink logical channel data may be preferentially selected over the sensing RS to generate a MAC PDU. And, for example, the allocated uplink grant may be preferentially used for the uplink logical channel data.

For example, if the priority of logical channel data (e.g., communication logical channel priority and sensing data priority) is greater than ul-PrioritizationThres, a priority comparison procedure for sensing RS transmission may be performed as follows. For example, if the priority of sensing RS (e.g., the priority value of sensing RS may be proposed as a fixed value “1” in the present disclosure) is greater than sensing-PrioritizationThres (e.g., as specified in TS 38.321[3], which may represent a sensing priority threshold used to determine whether sensing RS TX is prioritized over UL TX (e.g., communication service data and sensing service data). For example, the network may not separately configure sensing-PrioritizationThres and ul-PrioritizationThres in the UE.), it may be determined that logical channel data (e.g., communication data and/or sensing data) is prioritized. In this case, for example, uplink logical channel data may be selected with priority over sensing RS to generate MAC PDUs. And, for example, the allocated uplink grant may be preferentially used for uplink logical channel data.

For example, if the priority of logical channel data (e.g., communication logical channel priority and sensing data priority) is greater than ul-PrioritizationThres, a priority comparison procedure for sensing RS transmission may be performed as follows. For example, if the priority of sensing RS is less than sensing-PrioritizationThres, it may be determined that sensing RS transmission is prioritized. In this case, for example, sensing signals (e.g., sensing reference signals (sensing RSs)) may be transmitted with priority over uplink logical channel data (e.g., an allocated uplink grant may be preferentially used for sensing signals).

FIG. 11 illustrates a method for performing sensing through sensing signal transmission according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 11, for example, in step S1110, the first device can obtain information related to a threshold. For example, the first device can obtain information related to a threshold from a second device. For example, the first device can obtain information related to a threshold from a base station. For example, the first device can obtain information related to a threshold based on information that the first device already has. For example, the first device can obtain information related to a first threshold. For example, the first device can obtain information related to a second threshold. For example, in step S1120, the first device can compare a priority value with a threshold. For example, the first device can compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with a second threshold based on the first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold. For example, in step S1130, the first device can transmit a sensing signal. For example, the first device may transmit the sensing signal based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted with priority over data based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on preferential use of the allocated uplink grant.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a second device to transmit threshold-related information to a first device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 12, for example, in step S1210, the second device may transmit information related to a threshold to the first device. For example, the second device may be a base station. For example, the second device may be a device that requested sensing. For example, the second device may transmit information related to a first threshold. For example, the second device may transmit information related to a second threshold. For example, in step S1220, the first device may compare a priority value with a threshold. For example, the first device may compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with a second threshold based on whether a first priority value related to data is greater than the first threshold. For example, in step S1230, the first device may transmit a sensing signal. For example, the first device may transmit the sensing signal based on whether a second priority value related to the sensing signal is less than the second threshold. For example, a sensing signal may be transmitted with priority over data based on a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than a second threshold. For example, a sensing signal may be transmitted based on preferential use of an allocated uplink grant.

For example, if prioritization is determined simply based on priority values for communication service data and sensing service data that coexist on the same logical channel, a starvation issue may occur between them. Therefore, even if communication service data and sensing service data are simultaneously available on the same logical channel, the proposed method in the present disclosure can be applied only to sensing service data that is higher than a preset priority threshold (e.g., configured in the sensing function or base station and/or preset/configured by sensing service QoS identifier or sensing service priority). For example, the final determination of priority between communication service data and sensing service data can be made based on additional QoS parameters (quality of service parameters), such as PDB (Packet Delay Budget). For example, when communication service data and sensing service data are available simultaneously on the same logical channel, even if the priority value of the sensing service data has a lower value than the logical channel priority value of the communication service data, if the (remaining) PDB of the communication service data is less than the (remaining) PDB of the sensing service data, the transmission of the communication data may be prioritized. In this case, for example, the communication service logical channel data may be preferentially selected to generate a MAC PDU. And, for example, the allocated grant (e.g., an uplink grant) may be preferentially used to prioritize the transmission of the communication service logical channel data. For example, separate Prioritized Bit Rate (PBR) and/or Bucket Size Duration (BSD) parameters may be set between the communication service data and the sensing service data on the same logical channel. Through this, for example, the Logical Channel Prioritization (LCP) procedure may be performed.

For example, RRC (e.g., RRC of a base station) or sensing function can control scheduling of uplink data via signaling for each logical channel per MAC entity. For example, the PBR and/or BSD parameters can be as follows. For example, communication_priority can indicate a lower communication priority level as the priority value increases. For example, communication_prioritisedBitRate can set the communication prioritized bit rate (C_PBR). For example, communication_bucketSizeDuration can set the communication bucket size duration (C_BSD). For example, sensing_priority can indicate a lower sensing priority level as the priority value increases. For example, sensing_prioritisedBitRate can set the sensing prioritized bit rate (S_PBR). For example, sensing_bucketSizeDuration can set the sensing bucket size duration (S_BSD). For example, PBR and/or BSD parameters may not be limited to the names proposed in the present disclosure, and parameters having the same function may be the same parameters.

For example, the following UE variables may be used in the LCP procedure: For example, B _j may be managed for each logical channel j. For example, the MAC entity may need to initialize B _j to 0 for a logical channel when the logical channel is established. For example, for each logical channel j, the MAC entity may need to perform the following procedure: For example, the MAC entity may increment B _j by the product of PBRХT before the LCP procedure starts, where T may be, for example, the time elapsed since the last increment. For example, if the value of B _j is greater than the bucket size (e.g., C_PBRХC_BSD or S_PBRХS_BSD), the MAC entity may perform the following actions: For example, the MAC entity may set B _j to the bucket size. The exact moment(s) at which the UE updates B _j between LCP procedures may depend on the UE implementation, as long as B _j is up to date when a grant is processed in LCP. For example, UE variables used in the LCP procedure may not be limited to the names proposed in the present disclosure, and variables having the same function may be the same variables.

For example, in the case of sensing RS, it may be transmitted for different base stations (or TRPs) as well as for the same base station (or TRP) as the communication logical channel data (e.g., due to movement of the Target Sensing Area (TSA). For example, the priorities between the sensing RS and the communication logical channel data may be handled differently between the two cases. For example, the priority threshold may be independently set for each case (e.g., set by the base station or the sensing function, or preset/set by sensing service priority). Alternatively, for example, the sensing RS transmitted for different base stations (or TRPs) may always be set to have a lower priority than the communication logical channel data (or may always be determined to have a lower priority).

The method proposed in this disclosure may offer various benefits, including improvements over prior art, although these benefits are not limited to those presented in this disclosure. For example, the problem of service conflicts arising from supporting both sensing and communication services can be alleviated. For example, sensing and communication services can be managed more efficiently.

For example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be extended and applicable to all TRP to TRP momo-static, TRP to TRP bi-static, TRP to UE bi-static, UE to TRP bi-static, UE to UE momo-static, and UE to UE bi-static operations.

For example, in embodiments of the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as a control message or a data message or a signal or a data signal or a control signal.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the beam management operation may be interpreted as being replaced with a beam selection operation, a spatial filter selection operation, a beam pairing operation, a spatial filter pairing operation, a beam failure recovery operation, a spatial filter recovery operation, a beam sweeping operation, a spatial filter sweeping operation, a beam switching operation, a spatial filter switching operation, a measurement operation of a reference signal (RS) resource, a measurement report operation of a reference signal (RS) resource, a beam report operation, or a spatial filter report operation.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, a beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a reference signal (RS) or an RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the RS (reference signal) may be interpreted as being replaced with an RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmitting terminal may be interpreted as a terminal transmitting a beam, a terminal transmitting a beam RS (reference signal), or a terminal transmitting a beam RS (reference signal) resource.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving terminal may be interpreted as a terminal that receives a beam, a terminal that receives a beam RS (reference signal), or a terminal that receives a beam RS (reference signal) resource.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam or reception beam information transmitted and received by the terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the transmission beam or resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the reception beam.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the direct communication request (DCR) and/or direct communication accept (DCA) messages may be interpreted as being replaced with PC5-S DCR and/or PC5-S DCA messages.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, spatial setting and/or Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) information and/or Quasi Co Location (QCL) information and/or beam, etc. may refer to each other and may be interpreted as being replaced with beam-related information, beam direction, or spatial domain transmission/reception filter, etc.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, a beam may be interpreted as a transmission beam, a reception beam, a spatial filter, a spatial TX (transmission) filter, a spatial domain TX (transmission) filter, a spatial RX (reception) filter, or a spatial domain RX (reception) filter.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial TX (transmission) filter or a spatial domain TX (transmission) filter.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the reception beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial RX (reception) filter or a spatial domain RX (reception) filter.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for transmission is the same may mean that the spatial domain TX filter of the terminal is the same for two different transmission signals. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for reception is the same may mean that the two different reception signals are in a QCL TypeD relationship and/or use the same spatial RX parameter.

For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed (or differently or independently) (LCH or service) priority-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed (or differently or independently) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range)-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed PQI parameter-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH/MAC PDU (transmission)-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH/MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for CBR measurement values of resource pools. For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK/NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on TX-RX distance). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a resource pool in which PSFCH resources are configured. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a source (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a destination (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection link. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL link. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a connection state (with a base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, whether the rule is applied and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ process (ID). For example, whether the rule is applied and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or an RX UE) is performed. For example, whether the rule is applied and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the UE is power saving (of a TX or an RX). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed scheme/rule of the present disclosure may be specifically (or differently or independently) set/allowed when (from a specific UE perspective) PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and/or multiple PSFCH TXs (which exceed UE capability)) (and/or when PSFCH TX (and/or PSFCH RX) are omitted). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed scheme/rule of the present disclosure may be specifically (or differently or independently) set/allowed when the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and/or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the TX UE.

For example, in the present disclosure, the setting (or designation) wording can be extended to include a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel/signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and/or a form provided through pre-configuration and/or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel/signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

For example, in the present disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and/or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and/or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and/or UL channel/signal)). In addition, the proposed method of the present disclosure can be extended (in a new form) by being combined with each other.

For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may mean a value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, an operation set by a network/base station may mean an operation that a base station sets (in advance) to a UE via a higher layer RRC signaling, sets/signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 13, in step S1310, the first device can obtain information related to a first threshold. In step S1320, the first device can obtain information related to a second threshold. In step S1330, the first device can compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold based on whether a first priority value related to data is greater than the first threshold. In step S1340, the first device can transmit the sensing signal based on whether the second priority value related to the sensing signal is less than the second threshold.

Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit the data based on the first priority value being less than or equal to the first threshold.

Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit the data based on the second priority value being greater than or equal to the second threshold.

For example, the second priority value may be 1.

For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted with priority over the data based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on preferential use of the allocated uplink grant.

For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on a prioritization procedure between the sensing signal and the data based on a quality of service parameter. For example, the quality of service parameter may include a packet delay budget, a priority bit rate, or a bucket size duration. For example, the priority bit rate or bucket size duration may be independently set for each sensing service or communication service on the same logical channel.

For example, the data may be transmitted with priority over the sensing signal based on the remaining packet delay budget associated with the data being less than the remaining packet delay budget associated with the sensing signal.

For example, the first threshold or the second threshold may be set based on information regarding whether the base station associated with the sensing signal and the base station associated with the data are the same. For example, the data may be preferentially transmitted based on whether the base station associated with the sensing signal and the base station associated with the data are different.

For example, the first priority value or the second priority value can be independently set by the RRC (Radio Resource Control) or sensing function of the base station.

The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the first device (100) to obtain information related to a first threshold. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the first device (100) to obtain information related to a second threshold. The processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the first device (100) to compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold. Then, the processor (102) of the first device can control the transceiver (106) to transmit the sensing signal based on a second priority value related to the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information related to a first threshold; obtain information related to a second threshold; compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold; and transmit the sensing signal based on the second priority value related to the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: obtain information related to a first threshold; obtain information related to a second threshold; compare a second priority value related to a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold; and transmit the sensing signal based on the second priority value related to the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain information related to a first threshold; obtain information related to a second threshold; compare a second priority value associated with a sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value associated with data being greater than the first threshold; and transmit the sensing signal based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, the second device may transmit information related to a first threshold. In step S1420, the second device may transmit information related to a second threshold. For example, a sensing signal may be transmitted based on a first priority value related to data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value related to the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit information related to a first threshold. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit information related to a second threshold. For example, a sensing signal can be transmitted based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit information related to a first threshold; and transmit information related to a second threshold. For example, a sensing signal may be transmitted based on a first priority value associated with data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: transmit information related to a first threshold; and transmit information related to a second threshold. For example, a sensing signal may be transmitted based on a first priority value associated with data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: transmit information related to a first threshold; and transmit information related to a second threshold. For example, a sensing signal may be transmitted based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.

The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operations of the various embodiments may be omitted.

Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings/descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

FIG. 15 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 15, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device/server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and/or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200)/network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f)/base stations (200), and base stations (200)/base stations (200). Here, wireless communication/connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations/wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting/receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 16, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and/or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 15.

A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or a filter.

Fig. 17 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 17, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations/functions of FIG. 17 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16. The hardware elements of FIG. 17 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 16. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 16, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 16.

The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 17. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 17. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 16) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

Figure 18 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case/service (see Figure 15). The embodiment of Figure 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 18, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 16 and may be composed of various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and/or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 16. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 16. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface in the memory unit (130).

The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit (I/O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 15, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 15, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 15, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 15, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 15, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 15, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (Fig. 15, 400), a base station (Fig. 15, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use/service.

In FIG. 18, various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Below, the implementation example of Fig. 18 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 19 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 19, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input/output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 18, respectively.

The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input/output data/information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit (140c) can input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit (140c) obtains information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information/signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information/signals. The restored information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit (140c).

The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims (20)

In terms of method, A step in which a first device acquires information related to a first threshold; A step in which the first device obtains information related to a second threshold; A step in which the first device compares a second priority value associated with the sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold; and A method comprising: a step of transmitting the sensing signal based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold; In the first paragraph, A method further comprising: a step of transmitting the data based on the first priority value being less than or equal to the first threshold; In the first paragraph, A method further comprising: a step of transmitting the data based on the second priority value being greater than or equal to the second threshold; In the first paragraph, The above second priority value is 1, method. In the first paragraph, A method in which the sensing signal is transmitted with priority over the data based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. In the first paragraph, A method in which the above sensing signal is transmitted based on preferential use of an allocated uplink grant. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on a priority procedure between the sensing signal and the data based on a quality of service parameter. In paragraph 7, The above service quality parameters include packet delay budget, prioritized bit rate or bucket size duration. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the above priority bit rate or bucket size duration is independently set for each sensing service or communication service on the same logical channel. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the data is transmitted with priority over the sensing signal based on the remaining packet delay budget associated with the data being less than the remaining packet delay budget associated with the sensing signal. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the first threshold or the second threshold is set based on information related to whether the base station associated with the sensing signal and the base station associated with the data are the same. In paragraph 11, A method in which the above data is transmitted preferentially based on the fact that the base station associated with the sensing signal and the base station associated with the data are different. In the first paragraph, A method wherein the first priority value or the second priority value is independently set by the RRC (Radio Resource Control) or sensing function of the base station. In the first device, At least one transmitter/receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Obtain information related to the first threshold; Obtain information related to the second threshold; comparing a second priority value associated with the sensing signal with the second threshold based on the first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold; and A first device that transmits the sensing signal based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. In a processing device set to control a first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Obtain information related to the first threshold; Obtain information related to the second threshold; comparing a second priority value associated with the sensing signal with the second threshold based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold; and A processing device that transmits the sensing signal based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Obtain information related to the first threshold; Obtain information related to the second threshold; comparing a second priority value associated with the sensing signal with the second threshold based on the first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that transmits the sensing signal based on the second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. In terms of method, A second device transmitting information related to a first threshold; and The second device comprises a step of transmitting information related to a second threshold; A method in which a sensing signal is transmitted based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. In the second device, At least one transmitter/receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transmit information related to the first threshold; Transmit information related to the second threshold; A second device, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. In a processing device set to control a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Transmit information related to the first threshold; Transmit information related to the second threshold; A processing device, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: Transmit information related to the first threshold; Transmit information related to the second threshold; A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on a first priority value associated with the data being greater than the first threshold and a second priority value associated with the sensing signal being less than the second threshold.