WO2025234732A1 - Method and device for transmitting and receiving sensing signal between devices - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided are a method by which a first device performs wireless communication and a device supporting same. The first device may: acquire information about a target sensing area; transmit, to a second device on the basis of a random access procedure, information for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing area; receive the sensing signal; and sense the target sensing area on the basis of the sensing signal.

Description

Method and device for transmitting and receiving sensing signals between devices

The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E delay 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100bps/Hz Mobility support Up to 1000km/hr Satellite integration completely AI completely autonomous driving completely XR completely haptic communication completely

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining information about a target sensing region; transmitting, by a first device, information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure; receiving the sensing signal; and performing sensing of the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire information about a target sensing region; transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure; receive the sensing signal; and perform sensing of the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire information about a target sensing region; transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure; receive the sensing signal; and perform sensing of the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain information about a target sensing region; transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure; receive the sensing signal; and perform sensing of the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for transmitting and receiving a sensing signal between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and/or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma may mean "and/or." For example, "A/B" may mean "A and/or B." Accordingly, "A/B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell/node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications)/GPRS (general packet radio service)/EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node/cell, a TRP, a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and/or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and/or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and/or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and/or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and/or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and/or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled/transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and/or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and/or control information on the data channel.

In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and/or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and/or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and/or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and/or channel decoding.

For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering/integrity protection.

For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and/or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and/or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and/or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and/or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

Table 2 below illustrates the number of symbols per slot (N ^slot _symb ), the number of slots per frame (N ^frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N ^subframe,u _slot ) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or _extended CP is used.

CP type SCS (15*2 ^u ) N ^slot _symb N ^frame,u _slot N ^{subframes, u} _slots Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 14 10 1 30kHz (u=1) 14 20 2 60kHz (u=2) 14 40 4 120kHz (u=3) 14 80 8 240kHz (u=4) 14 160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 12 40 4

For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz/60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and/or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE does not detect downlink control information (DCI) for a certain period of time, the UE can switch its active BWP to the default BWP.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

For example, the BWP can be set by a point A, an offset from point A (N ^start _BWP ), and a bandwidth (N ^size _BWP ). For example, point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

- Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

- THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

- Large-scale MIMO technology

- Hologram beamforming (HBF)

- Optical wireless technology

- Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

- Quantum communication

- Cell-free communication

- Integration of wireless information and power transmission

- Integration of wireless communication and sensing

- Integrated access and backhaul network

- Big data analysis

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface

- metaverse

- Block chain

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

- Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

- Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and/or objects within the environment.

- Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and/or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and/or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

For example, a terminal can obtain information about the environment and/or the characteristics of objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, e.g., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal can be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station/terminal. For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal scattered/reflected by one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered/reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated/obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result can include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and/or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing results generated/obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and/or environments) or provided/disclosed to a trusted third party.

For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing receiver. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and/or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and/or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal on a wireless interface that may be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit sensing signals over a 3GPP wireless interface that may be used for sensing purposes.

For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on mathematical equation 1.

Here, for example, the target channel H _target may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, the background channel H _Background may include other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it is often referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target is more easily detectable. For example, in a radar sensor measurement, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, the received power may be based on the RCS of the target, among other factors. For example, the received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the RCS of a target may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and/or the target illumination.

FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to Figure 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar mathematical formula may be defined as in Equation 2.

Here, for example, P _TX can be the transmitter power [W], G _TX can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m ² ], P _RX can be the power received back by the EUT from the object [W], and A _eff can be the effective area of the receiving antenna [m ² ]. For example, A _eff can be obtained based on Equation 3.

Here, for example, G _RX can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c/f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m/s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

For example, if the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for transmission and reception (G _TX = G _RX = G), the relevant radar equation can be defined as Equation 4.

Here, for example, P _TX can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], RCS can be the radar cross section [m ² ], and P _RX can be the power received back by the EUT from the object [W].

Meanwhile, when a device attempts to perform sensing of a target sensing area based on sensing, the device needs to receive a sensing signal for the target sensing area. If there is no other device around the device that transmits a sensing signal for the target sensing area, the device may not be able to perform sensing of the target sensing area. This may cause problems such as not being able to support sensing services or not guaranteeing the quality of service of the sensing services. In the present disclosure, an operation of a base station, a TRP, or a UE for sensing an object in a target sensing area (TSA) is proposed.

In this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

- LMF: Location Management Function

- UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE.

- SL positioning triggered by base station/LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station/LMF.

- UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

- SL positioning controlled by the base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station.

- UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE.

- UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station/LMF.

- SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

- T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

- S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE's positioning

- Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

- MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

- MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

- SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

- CCH: Control Channel

- IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from other UEs, including a RX UE, that includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE (preferred resources) and/or information about a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resources).

- UE-based: The way the UE calculates its own location is described as "UE-based".

- TP (Transmission point): A set of transmitting antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) geographically co-located for a cell, a portion of a cell, or a DL PRS-only TP. A transmission point may include a base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antenna, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a DL PRS-only TP, etc. A cell may include one or more transmission points. In a homogeneous deployment, each transmission point may correspond to one cell.

- Reception point (RP): A set of receiving antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) geographically co-located for a cell, a portion of a cell, or a UL SRS (sounding reference signal)-only RP. A reception point may include a base station (ng-eNB or gNB) antenna, a remote radio head, a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a UL SRS-only RP, etc. A cell may include one or more reception points. In a homogeneous deployment, each reception point may correspond to one cell.

- PRS-only TP: A TP that transmits only PRS signals for PRS-based terrestrial beacon system (TBS) positioning and is not connected to a cell.

- TRP (transmission-reception point): A set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) that support TP and/or RP functions.

- SRS-only RP: RP that receives only SRS signals for UL-only positioning and is not associated with a cell.

In the present disclosure, the TRP and the base station may be replaced and used as the same entity.

For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information:

- SL PRS resource set ID

- SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set.

- SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

- Alpha for SL PRS power control

- P0 for SL PRS power control

- Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB or DL PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources composed of the following information.

- SL PRS resource ID

- SL PRS comb size: Interval between REs where SL PRS is transmitted within a symbol

- SL PRS comb offset: RE index where SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

- SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS.

- SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol transmitting SL PRS within a slot.

- Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up the SL PRS in one slot.

- Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) at which the SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

- SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

- SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

- SL PRS periodicity: the period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, a unit of physical or logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

- SL PRS Offset: The offset in the time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC/MAC-CE/DCI/SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

- SL PRS sequence ID

- SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

- SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location, etc.

For example, TRP-to-UE bistatic sensing can be performed based on the procedure described below. For example, TRP can be an entity transmitting a sensing signal, and UE can be an entity receiving the sensing signal. For convenience of explanation, TRP-to-UE bistatic sensing is assumed, but various embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to TRP-to-UE bistatic sensing. Various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to at least one of UE-to-TRP bistatic sensing, TRP-to-TRP bistatic sensing, UE-to-UE bistatic sensing, UE monostatic sensing, and/or TRP monostatic sensing.

FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for transmitting and receiving sensing signals between devices, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 10, in step S1010, a UE (e.g., a first device) may request a TRP (e.g., a second device) to transmit a sensing signal. For example, if the UE recognizes that a target sensing area (TSA) is located near a neighboring TRP, the UE may perform a random access procedure to the neighboring TRP, so that the neighboring TRP can transmit a sensing reference signal (RS) to the TSA area. For example, the random access procedure may be a 4-step random access procedure or a 2-step random access procedure.

(1) 4-step random access-based sensing RS request operation

For example, a UE may transmit a message (e.g., Message 1) for the purpose of transmitting a preamble to a TRP (or a base station). For example, the UE may transmit a preamble to a TRP (or a base station). For example, the UE may transmit a random access preamble to request sensing RS transmission to a neighboring TRP via a physical control channel (e.g., PRACH). For example, the UE may randomly select a preamble from among "pre-defined preambles" to request sensing RS transmission in advance and transmit it to a neighboring TRP. In addition, for example, the "pre-defined preambles" may be configured or pre-configured by a base station or a higher layer according to the sensing QoS type of a sensing service. For example, "pre-defined preambles" configured or pre-configured by a base station or a higher layer according to the sensing QoS type of a sensing service may be shared between neighboring TRPs (or base stations). For example, the sensing QoS type of a sensing service may be as follows.

- Detection: detection probability, false alarm probability

- Localization: localization of the static objects, QoS parameters of localization (time delay, angle of arrival)

- Tracking: Tracking changes in the status (distance, angle, speed, etc.) of a moving object (e.g., a vehicle or drone).

- etc

For example, the UE may receive a response message (e.g., Message 2) to the preamble transmission from the TRP (or base station). For example, the UE may receive a random access response to the preamble transmission from the TRP (or base station). For example, a neighboring TRP that has received a preamble for sensing RS from the UE may transmit a response message to the UE that includes information such as a time advance (TA) command for timing adjustment. In addition, for example, the neighboring TRP may transmit to the UE an identifier (e.g., a random access preamble ID (RAPID)) that matches the preamble transmitted by the UE. And, for example, the neighboring TRP may allocate an initial transmission uplink grant to the UE through the response message and may allocate a temporary identifier for a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) to the UE.

For example, the UE can transmit an uplink message (e.g., Message 3) to the TRP (or base station). For example, the UE can perform uplink message transmission to the TRP (or base station) via an uplink physical shared channel (e.g., uplink message transmission via PUSCH). For example, the UE can transmit the uplink message via the uplink physical shared channel (e.g., PUSCH) using the initial transmission uplink grant allocated by the TRP. For example, the uplink message can include an RRC message (or MAC CE) and indicate a sensing RS request via the RRC message (or MAC CE). In addition, for example, the uplink message can include information of the TSA (e.g., location information, direction information) and/or sensing QoS information (e.g., sensing QoS type).

For example, the UE may receive a downlink message (e.g., a MAC CE or RRC message) from the TRP (or base station). For example, the UE may receive a downlink message for contention resolution from the TRP (or base station). For example, the TRP, having received an uplink message from the UE, may transmit a downlink message for contention resolution (e.g., Message 4) to the UE. For example, the downlink message may include information about the UE identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) that confirms that the TRP has correctly identified the UE.

In step S1020, the UE (e.g., the first device) may receive a sensing signal from the TRP (e.g., the second device). For example, after contention resolution based on 4-step random access is completed, the TRP may transmit a sensing RS to the TSA, so that the UE may sense an object in the TSA after receiving the RS. For example, the UE may sense an object in the TSA by receiving the RS transmitted by the TRP, and may forward the sensing measurement information to a server such as a serving TRP, a neighboring TRP, or a sensing management function (SMF).

(2) 2-step random access-based sensing RS request operation

For example, if a UE recognizes that a TSA is located in a neighboring TRP, the UE may request a serving TRP or a neighboring TRP for dedicated random access resources for requesting sensing RS transmission. For example, when requesting a dedicated random access resource for requesting sensing RS transmission, the UE may transmit TSA information (e.g., location information, direction information) and/or sensing QoS information (e.g., sensing QoS type) together. For example, a serving TRP or a neighboring TRP that has received a request for dedicated random access resources from a UE may allocate dedicated random access resources (e.g., a dedicated preamble, an uplink grant for PUSCH payload transmission) to the UE. For example, a serving TRP may receive dedicated random access resources (e.g., a dedicated preamble, an uplink grant for PUSCH payload transmission) of a UE that has requested dedicated random access resources from a neighboring TRP, and may forward the same to the UE. Additionally, for example, a serving TRP or a neighboring TRP may allocate dedicated random access resources to a UE (e.g., a UE connected to the serving TRP or a UE connected to the serving TRP but located in the coverage area of a neighboring TRP) based on TSA information and sensed QoS type information transmitted by the UE without a request from the UE. Additionally, for example, a serving TRP or a neighboring TRP may transmit information to the UE in advance, such as a time advance (TA) command for timing adjustment.

For example, the UE can transmit an uplink message (e.g., Message (Msg) A) to the TRP (or base station). For example, the UE can transmit a dedicated preamble to the TRP (or base station). For example, the UE can transmit a dedicated random access preamble to request sensing RS transmission to a neighboring TRP via a physical control channel (e.g., PRACH). And, for example, the UE can transmit an uplink payload (e.g., an RRC message or MAC CE) via an uplink physical shared channel payload (e.g., PUSCH payload) resource allocated from the TRP. For example, the uplink payload message can include information indicating a sensing RS request, information of the TSA (e.g., location information, direction information), sensing QoS information (e.g., sensing QoS type), and a TA (time advance) command for timing adjustment.

For example, the UE may receive a downlink message (e.g., Message (Msg) B) from the TRP (or base station). For example, the UE may receive a random access response (RAR) from the TRP (or base station). For example, a neighboring TRP that has received a dedicated preamble and uplink payload for sensing RS from the UE may transmit a downlink message (e.g., a random access response) for contention resolution to the UE. For example, the uplink payload may include UE identifier (e.g., C-RNTI) information to confirm that the TRP has correctly identified the UE.

In step S1020, the UE (e.g., the first device) may receive a sensing signal from the TRP (e.g., the second device). For example, after contention resolution based on 2-step random access is completed, the TRP may transmit a sensing RS to the TSA, so that the UE may sense an object in the TSA after receiving the RS. For example, the UE may sense an object in the TSA by receiving the RS transmitted by the TRP, and may forward the sensing measurement information to a server such as a serving TRP, a neighboring TRP, or a sensing management function (SMF).

Additionally, for example, the UE may transmit on-demand SI (system information) to the serving TRP (or neighboring TRP) to request the serving TRP (or neighboring TRP) to transmit sensing RS to the TSA. For example, the on-demand SI transmitted by the UE may include information of the TSA (e.g., location information, direction information) and/or sensing QoS information (e.g., sensing QoS type).

For example, when a terminal transmits an indicator requesting sensing RS (S-RS) transmission to a neighboring TRP (N-TRP), a set of indicator-related resources (e.g., sequence, time/frequency resources) may be configured differently for each TSA (from a serving TRP (S-TRP) or N-TRP). In addition, for example, the set of indicator-related resources may be configured differently for each TSA as well as for each measurement value of RS (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB)) of N-TRP to alleviate near-far-problem (e.g., to support CDM operation between different terminals). In addition, for example, an operation of performing indicator transmission to N-TRP may be allowed only when the measurement value of RS of S-TRP is less than or equal to a threshold level value or falls within a certain range. Here, for example, when the terminal reports the RS measurement value of the S-TRP to the S-TRP, it may also inform that its TSA belongs to the coverage of the N-TRP. For example, in order for the S-TRP to refer to the handover decision of the terminal, when the terminal reports the RS measurement value of the S-TRP to the S-TRP, it may also inform that its TSA belongs to the coverage of the N-TRP. For example, before transmitting an indicator to the N-TRP, the terminal may report to the S-TRP the timing and/or (time/frequency) resource information used for transmitting the indicator. For example, before transmitting an indicator to the N-TRP, the terminal may report to the S-TRP the timing and/or (time/frequency) resource information used for transmitting the indicator so that the S-TRP can predict interference related to indicator transmission or avoid collision with the uplink scheduling of the terminal. For example, if the difference in the measured values between the RS of the S-TRP and the RS of the N-TRP is less than a threshold and the terminal's own TSA falls within the coverage of the N-TRP, the terminal may be configured to perform a handover to the N-TRP (a type of conditional handover).

For example, for low latency sensing operation based on S-RS transmission request for N-TRP, the TA value applied when a terminal transmits an indicator to the N-TRP may be set to reuse the value used in uplink communication (or initial access procedure) with a serving TRP (S-TRP) (e.g., a situation where the S-TRP uses the SSB synchronization-based time/frequency timing) (e.g., the S-TRP provides the N-TRP with the rule application information, and the N-TRP determines the indicator detection related window), or may be set to use a value set in advance by the S-TRP (e.g., a situation where the N-TRP uses the SSB synchronization-based time/frequency timing). Here, for example, in the case of the former method, the S-TRP may transmit to the N-TRP TA information applied by the terminal performing the indicator transmission, or the range of TA values (e.g., minimum value/maximum value), or information on the synchronization difference between the S-TRP and the N-TRP. In addition, for example, when a terminal transmits an indicator using SSB synchronization of an N-TRP, time/frequency timing difference information between the SSB of the S-TRP and the SSB of the N-TRP may be reported to the S-TRP (or, when a terminal transmits an indicator using SSB synchronization of an S-TRP, time/frequency timing difference information between the SSB of the S-TRP and the SSB of the N-TRP may be reported to the N-TRP). For example, even if the indicator transmitted to the N-TRP is a PRACH preamble, the follow-up procedure may be omitted. In this case, for example, only Step 1 may exist in the random access procedure.

For example, when a terminal transmits an indicator to an N-TRP, the terminal may be configured to determine the transmit power value of the indicator using a path loss calculation value based on a measurement value of an RS (e.g., SSB) of the N-TRP (e.g., in this case, the S-TRP may provide the terminal with the transmit power value of the RS of the N-TRP received from the N-TRP), or the terminal may be configured to determine the transmit power value of the indicator using a path loss value (and/or an open-loop power control parameter (e.g., P_O, ALPHA)) used in uplink communication (or initial access procedure) of the S-TRP or a path loss value preset by the S-TRP. In this case, for example, the related open-loop power control parameter may be separately set for the purpose of transmitting the indicator. For example, a parameter related to the transmit power value of the indicator (e.g., a maximum allowable power value) may be set differently for each measurement value of the RS (e.g., SSB) of the N-TRP.

For example, when a terminal transmits an indicator to an N-TRP, TSA-related S-RS transmission may not be performed by the N-TRP until a preset timer value expires. In this case, for example, the terminal may perform an indicator retransmission operation, or the terminal may be configured to perform an indicator retransmission operation by applying a preset power offset value. Here, for example, the timer value or the maximum number of allowed indicator retransmissions may be set differently for each sensing service QoS parameter. Additionally, for example, the indicator transmission operation and related configuration parameters may remain valid even while a handover operation is performed.

For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set resource pool-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set congestion level-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set service priority-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or their associated parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for PQI (5QI (5G QoS identifier) for PC5). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for traffic types (e.g., periodic generation or aperiodic generation). For example, whether (some) of the proposed schemes/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for SL transmission resource allocation modes (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether (some) of the proposed methods/rules of the present disclosure are applicable and/or related parameters (e.g., thresholds) may be configured specifically (or differently or independently) for a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not need to support sidelink DRX operation).

For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be specifically (or differently or independently) set depending on whether PUCCH configuration is supported (e.g., when PUCCH resources are configured or when PUCCH resources are not configured). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a resource pool (e.g., a resource pool where PSFCH is configured or a resource pool where PSFCH is not configured). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a type of service/packet. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be specifically (or differently or independently) set for a priority of a service/packet. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a QoS profile or QoS requirement (e.g., URLLC/EMBB traffic, reliability, latency). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PQI. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PFI. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a (resource pool) congestion level (e.g., CBR). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and/or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ feedback scheme (e.g., NACK-only feedback, ACK/NACK feedback). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and/or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for HARQ Feedback Enabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and/or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for HARQ Feedback Disabled MAC PDU transmission. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure is applicable and/or the related parameter setting value can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether a PUCCH-based SL HARQ feedback reporting operation is set. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether pre-emption or pre-emption-based resource reselection is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether re-evaluation or re-evaluation-based resource reselection is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for (L2 or L1) (source and/or destination) identifiers. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for (L2 or L1) (a combination of source ID and destination ID) identifiers. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for an identifier (L2 or L1) (a combination of a pair of source ID and destination ID and a cast type). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a direction of a pair of source layer ID and destination layer ID. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection/link. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is performed. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether SL DRX is supported. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for the SL mode type (e.g., resource allocation mode 1 or resource allocation mode 2). For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for the case of performing (a)periodic resource reservation. For example, whether the proposed rule of the present disclosure applies and/or the related parameter setting values can be set specifically (or differently or independently) for a Tx profile (e.g., a Tx profile indicating that the service supports sidelink DRX operation or a Tx profile indicating that the service does not need to support sidelink DRX operation).

The applicability of the proposals and proposed rules of the present disclosure (and/or related parameter settings) may also be applied to mmWave sidelink operation.

For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed (or differently or independently) (LCH or service) priority-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed (or differently or independently) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range)-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed PQI parameter-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH/MAC PDU (transmission)-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH/MAC PDU (transmission). For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for CBR measurement values of resource pools. For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, the rule application status and/or the proposed method/rule related parameter values of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK/NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on TX-RX distance). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a resource pool in which PSFCH resources are configured. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a source (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a destination (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection link. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL link. For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a connection state (with a base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, whether the rule is applied and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ process (ID). For example, whether the rule is applied and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or an RX UE) is performed. For example, whether the rule is applied and/or the parameter values related to the proposed method/rule of the present disclosure can be set/allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the UE is power saving (of a TX or an RX). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed scheme/rule of the present disclosure may be specifically (or differently or independently) set/allowed when (from a specific UE perspective) PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and/or multiple PSFCH TXs (which exceed UE capability)) (and/or when PSFCH TX (and/or PSFCH RX) are omitted). For example, whether the rule applies and/or the parameter values related to the proposed scheme/rule of the present disclosure may be specifically (or differently or independently) set/allowed when the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and/or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the TX UE.

For example, in the present disclosure, the setting (or designation) wording can be extended to include a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel/signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and/or a form provided through pre-configuration and/or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel/signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

For example, in the present disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and/or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and/or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and/or UL channel/signal)). In addition, the proposed method of the present disclosure can be extended (in a new form) by being combined with each other.

For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may mean a value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, an operation set by a network/base station may mean an operation that a base station sets (in advance) to a UE via a higher layer RRC signaling, sets/signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

The operation of the present disclosure can be applied to all sidelink unicast/groupcast/broadcast operations.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as a control message or a data message or a signal or a data signal or a control signal.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the beam management operation may be interpreted as being replaced with beam selection or spatial filter selection or beam pairing or spatial filter pairing or beam failure recovery or spatial filter recovery or beam sweeping or spatial filter sweeping or beam switching or spatial filter switching or measurement of reference signal resources or measurement reporting of reference signal resources or beam reporting or spatial filter reporting, etc.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the beam may be interpreted as being replaced by an RS or RS resource or a spatial filter resource.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, RS may be interpreted as being replaced with RS resources or spatial filter resources.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmitting terminal may be interpreted as a terminal transmitting a beam, a terminal transmitting a beam RS, a terminal transmitting a beam RS resource, etc.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the receiving terminal may be interpreted as a terminal that receives a beam, a terminal that receives a beam RS, a terminal that receives a beam RS resource, etc.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the transmission beam or reception beam information transmitted and received by the terminal may be interpreted as being replaced with resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the transmission beam and resource information of an RS (reference signal) associated with the reception beam.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the direct communication request (DCR) and/or direct communication accept (DCA) messages may be interpreted as being replaced with PC5-S DCR and/or PC5-S DCA messages.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, spatial setting and/or transmission configuration indication (TCI) information and/or quasi-co-location (QCL) information and/or beams, etc. may refer to each other and/or may be interpreted as being replaced with beam-related information, beam direction, spatial domain transmission or reception filter, etc.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, a beam may be interpreted as a transmit beam or a receive beam or a spatial filter or a spatial transmit (TX) filter or a spatial domain transmit (TX) filter or a spatial receive (RX) filter or a spatial domain receive (RX) filter.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmit/transmit beam may be interpreted as being replaced by a spatial transmit (TX) filter or a spatial domain transmit (TX) filter.

In embodiments of the present disclosure, the receive beam may be interpreted by replacing it with a spatial receive (RX) filter or a spatial domain receive (RX) filter.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for transmission is the same may mean that the spatial domain TX filter of the terminal is the same for two different transmission signals. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fact that the spatial setting information (or beam information) for reception is the same may mean that the two different reception signals are in a QCL 'TypeD' relationship and/or use the same spatial RX parameters.

For example, the control message (or signal) and/or data message (or signal) in the present disclosure may mean a control message (or signal) and/or data message (or signal) for wireless communication (e.g., LTE communication, NR communication, 6G communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and/or other wireless communication) other than a radar signal.

For example, the source ID and destination ID disclosed in the present disclosure may mean a source layer 1 ID and a destination layer 1 ID, and/or may mean a source layer 2 ID and a destination layer 2 ID.

FIG. 11 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the first device can obtain information about a target sensing region. In step S1120, the first device can transmit information to the second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure. In step S1130, the first device can receive the sensing signal. In step S1140, the first device can perform sensing for the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

For example, the information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal may be a random access preamble or on-demand system information.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, can be selected by the first device from among a set of preambles.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, may be selected by the first device from a set of preambles set for a quality of service (QoS) type associated with the sensing. For example, the QoS type may be associated with at least one of detection, position estimation, tracking, or others.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, may be selected by the first device from a set of preambles set for the target sensing area.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, may be selected by the first device from a set of preambles set for measurement values for a reference signal.

Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit at least one of information related to the target sensing area or QoS information related to the sensing to the second device. For example, at least one of the information related to the target sensing area or QoS information related to the sensing may be transmitted to the second device based on a grant allocated based on a random access response. For example, at least one of the information related to the target sensing area or QoS information related to the sensing may be transmitted to the second device when a dedicated random access resource is requested.

Additionally, for example, the first device may transmit information to the second device indicating that the target sensing area falls within the coverage of the third device.

For example, if a difference between a first measurement value obtained based on a first reference signal from the second device and a second measurement value obtained based on a second reference signal from the third device is less than or equal to a threshold, and the target sensing area belongs to the coverage of the third device, the first device can perform a handover from the second device to the third device.

For example, based on the mobility of the target sensing area and the target sensing area being within the coverage of the second device, information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal may be transmitted by the first device to the second device based on the random access procedure.

The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain information about a target sensing area. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit information for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing area to the second device based on a random access procedure. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive the sensing signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can perform sensing for the target sensing area based on the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire information about a target sensing region; transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure; receive the sensing signal; and perform sensing of the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: acquire information about a target sensing region; transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure; receive the sensing signal; and perform sensing of the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: obtain information about a target sensing region; transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing region based on a random access procedure; receive the sensing signal; and perform sensing of the target sensing region based on the sensing signal.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the second device may receive information from the first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area based on a random access procedure. In step S1220, the second device may transmit the sensing signal.

For example, sensing for the target sensing area can be performed based on the sensing signal.

For example, the information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal may be a random access preamble or on-demand system information.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, can be selected from a set of preambles.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, may be selected from a set of preambles set for a quality of service (QoS) type related to the sensing. For example, the QoS type may be related to at least one of detection, position estimation, tracking, or others.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, can be selected from a set of preambles set for the target sensing area.

For example, a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, can be selected from a set of preambles set for measurement values for a reference signal.

Additionally, for example, the second device may receive from the first device at least one of information related to the target sensing area or QoS information related to the sensing.

Additionally, for example, the second device may receive information from the first device indicating that the target sensing area falls within the coverage of the third device.

For example, if a difference between a first measurement value obtained based on a first reference signal from the second device and a second measurement value obtained based on a second reference signal from the third device is less than or equal to a threshold, and the target sensing area belongs to the coverage of the third device, the first device can perform a handover from the second device to the third device.

For example, based on the mobility of the target sensing area and the target sensing area being within the coverage of the second device, information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal may be received from the first device based on the random access procedure.

The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive information from the first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area based on a random access procedure. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive information from a first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area based on a random access procedure; and transmit the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive information from the first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area based on a random access procedure; and transmit the sensing signal.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing commands may be provided. For example, the commands, when executed, may cause a second device to: receive information from a first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area based on a random access procedure; and transmit the sensing signal.

According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission of a signal for sensing can be efficiently requested. For example, when a first device intends to perform sensing of a target sensing area based on sensing, the first device can request the transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing area from a second device. In this case, for example, the first device can receive a sensing signal for the target sensing area, and the first device can perform sensing of the target sensing area based on the sensing signal. Accordingly, sensing services can be efficiently supported.

The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings/descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 13, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device/server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and/or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200)/network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f)/base stations (200), and base stations (200)/base stations (200). Here, wireless communication/connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations/wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting/receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 14, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and/or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 13.

A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or a filter.

FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 15, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations/functions of FIG. 15 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. The hardware elements of FIG. 15 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.

The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 15. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 15. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 14) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port/transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

Figure 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case/service (see Figure 13). The embodiment of Figure 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 16, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 14 and may be composed of various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and/or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 14. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 14. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface in the memory unit (130).

The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit (I/O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 13, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 13, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 13, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 13, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 13, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 13, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (Fig. 13, 400), a base station (Fig. 13, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use/service.

In FIG. 16, various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Below, the implementation example of Fig. 16 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input/output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 16, respectively.

The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input/output data/information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection with external devices. The input/output unit (140c) can input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in the case of data communication, the input/output unit (140c) obtains information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information/signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information/signals. The restored information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit (140c).

The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims (20)

In terms of method, A step of acquiring information about a target sensing area; A step in which a first device transmits information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing area based on a random access procedure; A step of receiving the sensing signal; and A method comprising: performing sensing on the target sensing area based on the sensing signal; In the first paragraph, A method in which information for requesting transmission of the above sensing signal is random access preamble or on-demand system information. In the first paragraph, A method in which a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, is selected by the first device from among a set of preambles. In the first paragraph, A method in which a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, is selected by the first device from a set of preambles set for a quality of service (QoS) type related to the sensing. In paragraph 4, A method wherein the above QoS type is related to at least one of detection, location estimation, tracking, or the like. In the first paragraph, A method in which a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, is selected by the first device from a set of preambles set for the target sensing area. In the first paragraph, A method in which a random access preamble, which is information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal, is selected by the first device from a set of preambles set for measurement values for a reference signal. In the first paragraph, A method further comprising: a step of transmitting, by the first device, at least one of information related to the target sensing area or QoS information related to the sensing to the second device. In paragraph 8, A method wherein at least one of information related to the target sensing area or QoS information related to the sensing is transmitted to the second device based on a grant allocated based on a random access response. In paragraph 8, A method wherein at least one of information related to the target sensing area or QoS information related to the sensing is transmitted to the second device when requesting a dedicated random access resource. In the first paragraph, A method further comprising: a step of transmitting, by the first device, information indicating that the target sensing area belongs to the coverage of a third device to the second device; In the first paragraph, A method in which the first device performs a handover from the second device to the third device based on a difference between a first measurement value obtained based on a first reference signal from the second device and a second measurement value obtained based on a second reference signal from the third device being less than or equal to a threshold, and based on the target sensing area belonging to the coverage of the third device. In the first paragraph, A method in which information for requesting transmission of the sensing signal is transmitted by the first device to the second device based on the random access procedure, based on the mobility of the target sensing area and the target sensing area belonging to the coverage of the second device. In the first device, At least one transmitter/receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Acquire information about the target sensing area; Based on a random access procedure, transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing area; To receive the above sensing signal; and A first device that performs sensing on the target sensing area based on the sensing signal. In a processing device set to control a first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: Acquire information about the target sensing area; Based on a random access procedure, transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing area; To receive the above sensing signal; and A processing device that performs sensing on the target sensing area based on the sensing signal. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Acquire information about the target sensing area; Based on a random access procedure, transmit information to a second device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for the target sensing area; To receive the above sensing signal; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that performs sensing on the target sensing area based on the sensing signal. In terms of method, A step in which a second device receives information from a first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area based on a random access procedure; and A method comprising: a step of transmitting the sensing signal; In the second device, At least one transmitter/receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Based on a random access procedure, receive information from a first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area; and A second device that transmits the above sensing signal. In a processing device set to control a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: Based on a random access procedure, receive information from a first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area; and A processing device that transmits the above sensing signal. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: Based on a random access procedure, receive information from a first device for requesting transmission of a sensing signal for a target sensing area; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that transmits the above sensing signal.