WO2026009072A1 - Machine for extracting a beverage - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a machine (1) comprising an extraction chamber (4) having two semi-chambers (5, 6) which can move away from each other in an open configuration and can approach each other in a second closed configuration; a first piercing device (7) for piercing a single-dose capsule (3) and creating an inflow of extraction fluid; a second piercing device (9) for piercing said single-dose capsule (3) and creating an outflow of extract fluid (8); an outlet passage (10); a valve device (11) located downstream of said outlet passage (10); wherein said valve device (11) can be elastically opened under the pressure of said extract fluid (8); said valve device (11) is associated with a movable carriage (14); wherein said machine comprises an adjustment device (15) suitable for bringing said movable carriage (14) into a first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10) when said valve device (11) is not open under the pressure of said extract fluid (8); and in a second position in which said valve device (11) is moved away from said outlet passage (10) to allow a free outflow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid (8).

Description

Machine for extracting a beverage

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DESCRIPTION

[001] Technical Field of the Invention

[002] The invention is part of the general technical field of machines for extracting beverages from capsules, in particular disposable capsules, preferably, but not exclusively, for the preparation of coffee, in which the product to be infused is arranged and remains spent in a package that acts as an infusion chamber or dissolves if it is a soluble extract.

[003] It concerns more specifically the technical field of capsules intended to be perforated to allow the injection of fluid, for example water, under pressure inside the aforementioned capsule. The invention also relates to the technical field of methods that allow the infusion of such capsules. [004] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an extraction machine, in particular for coffee, capable of producing a beverage with a particularly abundant, dense, and compact foam, and preferably long-lasting, for example, of the "espresso" type.

[005] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an extraction machine, in particular for coffee, capable of producing a beverage with a particularly dense, compact, and voluminously abundant foam, and preferably long-lasting.

[006] Furthermore, the present invention relates to an extraction machine, in particular for coffee, which allows for obtaining a long and aromatic beverage with little or no foam, or with a minimal and short-lasting cream, for example, the American or "drip" type.

[007] Prior Art

[008] Disposable pods and capsules are well known in the state of the art and described, for example, in documents WO 2004/006740 (SEB), WO 94/01344 (Nestle), US 2004/0197444 (Kraft Foods), US No. 5,012,629 (Kraft Foods), WO 2004/087529 (Hausbrandt), EP 1,221,418 (Melitta Haushaltsprodukte), EP 1,295,554 (SGL Italia) and EP 0,583,210 (Fornari).

[009] The need for users to extract espresso coffee from pods or capsules with an abundant, dense, compact, and long-lasting foam has become increasingly evident over the years. This desire stems from the unique experience offered by traditional Italian espresso, where the "crema" - a layer of golden foam that forms on the surface of the beverage - is considered the hallmark of a high-quality espresso. The cream not only improves the visual appearance of the coffee, but also contributes to the perception of flavor, enhancing the aroma and body of the coffee.

[0010] Users who opt for pods or capsules to extract an espresso seek practicality without compromising quality. Pods and capsules offer a convenient and quick solution for preparing an espresso, eliminating the need to measure and grind coffee beans. However, these systems face the challenge of replicating the quality of the cream obtained with traditional methods. The dense and compact foam not only adds a sensory dimension to the beverage, but also a texture that retains the aroma, making each sip a pleasant and rich experience, and the presence of the cream also changes the sensation on the palate of the beverage.

[0011] To meet this need, coffee machine and capsule manufacturers have invested in research and development to improve extraction technology. New pressure systems and emulsion techniques have been designed to create an abundant, stable and therefore long-lasting foam. Some devices also include special valves or inserts that promote the formation of the cream from the beginning of the extraction of the beverage, ensuring a foam that remains intact until the last sip.

[0012] Documents EP1579792, EP1580143, EP1580144 and EP2020890, all from the same applicant as this patent application, have proposed technologies suitable for solving this need directly in the disposable capsule containing the ground coffee.

[0013] The capsule described here is designed for espresso machines and is used to extract beverages from a particulate substance by means of water under pressure. The capsule consists of a main body that includes a cup-shaped part and a lid. The cup has a base, a side wall, and an upper edge on which the lid is fixed, defining an internal volume that contains the particulate substance. This volume is equipped with filtering means to retain the particulate substance and percolate the fluids.

[0014] A distinctive feature of the capsule is the presence of a valve mounted on the base of the cup, which opens elastically under the pressure of the fluids during the extraction phase of the beverage, allowing the passage of the fluid. This valve, made of a resilient material with at least one normally closed slit or orifice, isolates the inside of the capsule from the outside environment and retains fluid residues once extraction is complete. When the valve opens under the upstream hydraulic pressure, it facilitates the formation and stability of the cream in the extracted beverage. [0015] The capsule may also include obstacles to the flow of fluids inside the base to interrupt the direct flow. The valve closes automatically when the fluid pressure decreases at the end of the extraction, retaining the residues inside. The valve material can be rubber, elastomers, or flexible plastics.

[0016] Other features include internal supports such as ribs and porous discs that facilitate the flow of fluids and the support of the particulate substance. The base of the cup may have ridges that create fine channels to connect the filter with the outlet. The capsule can be made of various materials such as thermoplastics, aluminum, rubber and heat-resistant composites, and is suitable for containing various substances such as ground coffee, tea, powdered chocolate and instant soups.

[0017] Document US20020078831 discloses a further solution.

[0018] This single-dose capsule is a device designed to prepare a variety of beverages such as coffee, espresso, cappuccino, milk, tea, filtered water, hot chocolate, milk, soups, and herbal infusions. The heart of the single-dose capsule is the inlet, which forms a hermetic seal with the mounting head and introduces the liquid under pressure into the capsule. This inlet is designed to maintain a seal, avoiding leaks and ensuring correct pressure during the extraction of the beverage. [0019] Inside the single-dose capsule, there is a chamber connected to the inlet, designed to contain aromatic or particulate materials. This chamber allows the pressurized liquid to interact with the materials contained, extracting the flavors needed to produce the desired beverage.

[0020] Once the beverage is ready, it is discharged through the outlet of the single-dose capsule, connected to a chamber. This outlet may include a restrictive opening that forms a high-speed fluid jet, useful for creating a cream or foam on the beverage. The single-dose capsule is equipped with a handle that allows the user to hold it comfortably and attach it to a mounting head. The handle is rigid enough to avoid deformation during use, facilitating the insertion and removal of the capsule. [0021] The features of the single-dose capsule include an integrated structure that combines the inlet, chamber and outlet in a single body, aiming for high strength and reducing the risk of leakage. In addition, the inlet has a significantly smaller cross-sectional area than the chamber, reducing the force exerted by the internal pressure and lowering the risk of breaking the airtight seal. The outlet, with its restrictive opening, helps to generate a cream or foam in the beverage.

[0022] The use of the single-dose capsule is quite laborious. It becomes necessary to hold the handle to fix the inlet to the mounting head, ensuring an airtight seal. Once inserted, the liquid under pressure passes through the aromatic materials in the chamber and then exits directly into a container such as a cup or a carafe.

[0023] The single-dose capsule can be made from materials such as polyester, polypropylene or nylon. Alternatively, it can be manufactured with materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable biopolymer derived from renewable resources. Inside, it includes filters to retain the aromatic materials and film barriers to seal the inlet and outlet, which can be removed or broken by the pressure of the liquid.

[0024] Finally, the single-dose capsule is equipped with valves to prevent the leakage of residual liquids during removal from the mounting head. These valves close automatically when the pressure decreases, retaining the residues inside.

[0025] Document US2010236420A1 discloses a filter holder. The filter holder described here is designed for coffee machines and includes a cup in which a coffee filter is inserted, at least one dispensing nozzle and a valve associated with this nozzle to stabilize the brewing counter-pressure. The feature of this filter holder is the presence of a regulating device that allows you to change the flow rate of the coffee leaving the stabilization valve.

[0026] The regulator includes an adjustable element that modifies the cross-section of a coffee dispensing orifice, positioned between the stabilization valve and the dispensing nozzle. The pressure stabilization valve includes an inlet that connects the inside of the cup with a pressure compensation chamber, and an outlet that connects this chamber to the outlet orifice. The pressure compensation chamber contains an elastic element associated with inlet throttling devices to modify the cross-section of this inlet.

[0027] The filter holder also includes a handle connected to the cup, with the regulating device extending along the handle and including operating means attached to the handle itself. These operating devices are positioned at the opposite end of the handle with respect to the cup and include a bar that extends parallel to the handle. One end of the bar is connected to the operating means, while the other end is connected to an element for adjusting the section of the coffee dispensing orifice, located between the pressure stabilization valve and the dispensing nozzle.

[0028] The bar is elastically loaded in the axial direction and can rotate around its axis to change the section of the outlet orifice. The regulator device includes a perforated body that defines a path for the flow of coffee, with an inlet and an outlet, and the relative position of the orifice and the inlet can be adjusted to change the cross section of the orifice.

[0029] In addition, the filter holder cup contains a block that includes the body of the counterpressure stabilization valve, the orifice, a seat for the closing element and a duct connected to the dispensing nozzle. Finally, a coffee machine can integrate this advanced filter holder, significantly improving the flow control and quality of the coffee dispensed.

[0030] Document EP4090204 discloses a "Mocha" capable of producing a beverage with a foam. The device includes a steel or aluminum boiler, equipped with a safety valve and a funnel for dosing the coffee. The percolated beverage is collected in a container connected to the boiler, which can be made of steel, aluminum, ceramic or glass. A beverage filter and a sealing ring ensure the filtration of the extracted coffee.

[0031] The frothing device, located at the top of the funnel, includes a valve made of food-grade polymer material, with an internal duct that narrows towards the outlet. The insertion of the valve creates a localized overpressure, producing a laminar flow that generates a dense foam, which enhances the aromatic qualities of the beverage.

[0032] Valve variants may include micro-holes that further shrink to improve foam production.

[0033] Document 102007901556433 of TENACTA GROUP S.P.A. describes a coffee machine equipped with a discharge path whose functional core consists of an infusion chamber designed to accommodate a porous pod, which does not require perforation. At the base of the chamber there is a separable perforated disc, integral to the structure but removable, and an elastic membrane without openings, configured to assume two distinct positions and behave like a "flip-flop" valve. This membrane allows the passage of the fluid exclusively around its perimeter and not through it, determining a passive and non-adjustable valve behavior. The system is activated by a spring mechanism that automatically lifts the bottom of the chamber only in the absence of the pod, effectively preventing any free flow of the liquid when the pod is present. This configuration imposes a rigid functional uniqueness on the machine: in fact, it is not possible for the user to select alternative extraction modes (for example, a "drip" or low pressure delivery). The direct mechanical interaction between the pod and the discharge system accentuates this limitation, excluding any possibility of customized extraction adjustment. Furthermore, the path of the extract is structurally complex and tortuous, with numerous points of contact between the fluid and the internal surfaces of the machine. This design involves a high risk of liquid stagnation in the sections downstream of the valve, raising potential hygiene and contamination issues. As far as the formation of the cream is concerned, the document attributes a "surprising effect" to a narrow annular slit (between 0.2 and 1 mm, preferably 0.3 mm), assuming that it contributes to the emulsion. However, this statement appears technically weak: the generation of significant cream occurs mainly in the initial extraction phase, when the pressure is at its maximum, and is not sustained during the remaining process. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such a geometric narrowing to ensure a stable microemulsion is far from proven. Finally, the "flip-flop" type elastic valve, although designed to open during the post-extraction rinse cycle, is susceptible to malfunctions in manual systems, as the return to the closed position may not be guaranteed without an automatic pod ejection system. This represents a concrete limit to the reliability and operational versatility of the solution described. In summary, the cited document proposes a constrained technical solution, poorly modulated and not very suitable to meet the current needs in terms of flexibility, hygiene, and controlled quality of the extract. The shortcomings in terms of adjustability and the high complexity of the fluid path.

[0034] The coffee industry has made great strides in meeting consumer needs, but significant challenges remain in creating an extraction machine capable of guaranteeing a dense, compact, voluminous and long-lasting foam with pods or capsules. The ideal future solution must address several current problems and meet the growing expectations of consumers.

[0035] However, there is also a completely contrasting need.

[0036] Coffee users are becoming increasingly demanding and are looking for versatility in their coffee machines. An emerging need is to be able to prepare not only an espresso with dense foam, but also a long, fragrant and foam-free coffee, similar to American or drip coffee, using the same capsule. This versatility is essential to meet the different preferences of coffee lovers, who may want, for example, a strong espresso in the morning and a more delicate long coffee in the afternoon, without having to change machines or capsules.

[0037] A machine capable of dispensing both types of coffee with the same capsule would represent a significant innovation. Users are looking for an espresso and American coffee that retains all the aromatic qualities and full taste, with the foam if espresso or without the typical espresso foam. This requires precise control of the water flow and pressure during extraction.

[0038] To obtain a long coffee, the machine must be able to modify the amount of water used, while still ensuring optimal extraction of the aromatic compounds from the ground coffee in the capsule. The water temperature must be slightly lower than that required for espresso, to avoid excessive extraction of bitter components, while the pressure must be reduced to avoid foaming.

[0039] The quality of the coffee in the capsules must be excellent to ensure that both beverages are satisfactory. This means that the capsules must contain high-quality coffee, optimally ground to allow good extraction both with a slow and pressurized water flow for espresso, and with a faster and less pressurized flow for long coffee.

[0040] In conclusion, there is a strong need for a machine that can prepare both an espresso with dense foam and a long, aromatic coffee, with little or no cream, of short duration with the same capsule. This would meet the needs of a wide range of consumers, offering flexibility, practicality and quality. This solution would respond to the growing demand for personalization and variety in the coffee experience, making the preparation of both beverages simple and convenient.

[0041] Another requirement is ease of use. An extraction machine should be intuitive and easy to use, while incorporating advanced technologies. This requires a design that not only optimizes coffee extraction, but also makes it easy to choose the type of extraction, as well as maintenance and cleaning, to ensure that performance remains constant over time.

[0042] Object and Summary of the Invention

[0043] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to solve the drawbacks of the state of the art and to provide a machine and an extraction method that, regardless of the capsule, allows for the choice of a foam-type extraction, in the case of espresso coffee, and with the same machine and type of capsule, an extraction without foam, in the case of American or drip coffee.

[0044] This and other purposes are achieved by a machine accordin to claim 1, as well as a method of using the machine as claimed in claim 18.

[0045] Some advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0046] The invention expands the traditional filter holder system by also including a unit with horizontal extraction and automatic gravitational capsule discharge, assisted by a manually operated spring mechanism or an electromechanical motor.

[0047] The invention focuses in particular, but not necessarily, on a valve device or "hyperinfusion" valve or simply "valve" placed downstream of the extraction chamber, which encloses the capsule with the ingredient to be extracted. This valve includes an activation mechanism that, in the "coupling" position at the extraction chamber outlet opening, or "espresso extraction" position, allows the extracted fluid to pass through the valve, in particular through an elastic membrane with a central tear, also called a through slot or orifice. In the "decoupled" position from the extraction chamber outlet opening, or "drip extraction" position, it bypasses the valve, avoiding forcing through the valve, in particular through an elastic membrane with a central tear, also called a through slot or orifice.

[0048] The bypass mechanism offers various advantages, such as the elimination of a valve, for example an elastic septum, from the capsules, reducing costs and environmental impact. It also allows, in espresso extraction, a controlled formation of the cream, and in the drip extraction position, an ideal configuration for American-style long coffee. The chamber that houses the valve also acts as a flow stabilizer, preventing uncontrolled splashes or breakage of the internal filters.

[0049] Other embodiments include the ability to empty and wash the infusion chamber in pressure or non-pressure mode (bypass position) and the ease of disassembly of the filter holder or horizontal extraction unit for cleaning.

[0050] The system is designed to work with both filter holders and horizontal lever extraction units. Users can adjust the valve mode via a rotating ring or ring nut, allowing for percolates with more or less emulsion and agitation of the extract.

[0051] The electromechanical version of the unit, controlled by a user interface and various sensors, offers active control over the position of the valve, in particular the movable carriage, allowing the transition between the configuration with the active "espresso extraction" valve and the bypassable "drip extraction" valve. [0052] This invention offers a customizable coffee dispensing experience, adaptable to the user's preferences and the characteristics of the capsule used.

[0053] The machine for extracting beverages from single-dose cartridges is designed to offer superior practicality and quality. It has an extraction chamber consisting of two half-chambers that open to allow the capsule to be inserted and close to start the extraction process.

[0054] The machine is equipped with two perforation devices: one in the first half-chamber for the inlet of the extraction fluid and one in the second half-chamber for the outlet of the extracted fluid. This configuration ensures an optimal flow of coffee, improving the efficiency of the extraction and guaranteeing a high-quality beverage starting from a capsule that is initially completely sealed and capable of guaranteeing the integrity of the product to be extracted.

[0055] An outlet passage is positioned downstream of the second piercing device, allowing the extracted coffee to flow out. To avoid leaks and ensure maximum cleanliness, an elastic valve device opens under the pressure of the fluid, allowing the passage of coffee only during espresso-type extraction. This valve includes a resilient membrane with a slit that remains closed when not stressed, hermetically isolating the outlet passage from the fluid outflow.

[0056] The machine includes an adjustable movable carriage, which allows the valve device to be positioned in two positions: one to hermetically close the outlet passage and the other to allow the free flow of the fluid, regardless of the pressure of the extraction fluid. This mechanism offers great flexibility, allowing the machine to be adapted for both espresso and drip coffee.

[0057] The machine's semi-chambers can be configured to move axially to the flow, in horizontal, vertical, or inclined configurations, adapting to different spatial arrangements and ensuring stability during use. The single-dose capsule can be inserted manually, for example in a shaped inlet, or via a filter holder arm, offering versatile and user-friendly usage options. Alternatively, insertion can be automated via a controlled release device.

[0058] Furthermore, the machine is equipped with a centering and guiding system to ensure precise and safe rotation of the mobile trolley movement ring. By "precise and safe" we mean the possibility for a user to move the ring in a precise way and guarantee the safety of the desired position reached.

[0059] Thanks to the solutions described here, this innovative machine combines practicality, flexibility and high extraction quality, meeting the needs of users for both a creamy espresso and a long coffee, all with a single capsule and a single device.

[0060] The machine for extracting beverages from single-dose cartridges offers numerous advantages related to the different construction forms listed, ensuring a superior user experience both in terms of functionality and versatility.

[0061] Furthermore, the possibility of having semi-mobile chambers along horizontal or vertical paths offers great design flexibility. The horizontal semi-chambers allow easy access to the capsule by gravity and automatic ejection, ideal for domestic and professional use. Vertical configurations reduce the overall dimensions and offer a loading and closing system suitable for professional contexts, such as bars.

[0062] The possibility of having mobile semi-chambers along horizontal or vertical paths offers great design flexibility. The semi-chambers that move horizontally allow easy and safe access to the capsule by gravity and its ejection at the end of dispensing, always assisted by gravity. They can be used both for exercises of a limited number of volumes or for domestic use, and for professional contexts in which the possibility of easily carrying out the immediate, and if necessary automatic, discharge of the capsule at the end of dispensing, is a significant feature. Vertical configurations can reduce the size of the extraction unit, while offering a loading and closing system typical of assisted professional locations, in particular bars.

[0063] In conclusion, the options of manual insertion of the cartridges by gravity and the support by means of a filter holder arm or fixed structure improve the versatility of the machine, adapting it to different operational needs and user preferences.

[0064] Furthermore, the ring nut facilitates the adjustment of the safe and stable position of the mobile trolley between the moving parts, improving the reliability of the closing and opening system. This ensures a perfect seal during extraction, preventing unwanted spills during espresso extraction. At the same time, the presence of a colored border that appears when the DRIP position is reached (i.e. mobile trolley lowered or moved away) offers a clear visual indication to the user. This allows the system status to be monitored and any incorrect valve positions to be corrected. For example, a white border becomes visible when the "espresso extraction" position is reached, and a red one when the "drip extraction" position is reached. In this way, the consumer is still given a signal of the different "state" of the system.

[0065] In accordance with a form of embodiment, the movable carriage could be made with one end in a visible color different from the remaining components of the machine, for example red. The red color would not be visible in the closed mobile cart position, i.e. in the "espresso extraction" position, i.e. with the valve device in contact with the extraction chamber's outlet passage. The movable carriage with its red portion would become visible only when in the open position, i.e. in the drip extraction position, i.e. when the valve device is moved away from the outlet passage.

[0066] In accordance with one embodiment, the mobile cart is moved by the command of a ring nut that includes a snap mechanism that provides tactile and audible feedback during its movement, passing from the "espresso extraction" position to the "drip extraction" position and vice versa. According to one embodiment, the click in the "espresso extraction" position and in the "drip extraction" position makes a different sound, making the user aware of the position reached.

[0067] In particular, the mobile carriage allows a precise adjustment of the valve, allowing optimal control of the membrane's operation. This design, in the "espresso" state, improves the quality of the extracted beverage, guaranteeing a denser and more stable cream for the espresso and, in the "drip" state, a uniform flow for the long coffee.

[0068] The limit switch protrusions and the stroke delimitation slots ensure that the movement of the ring nut is precise and controlled, preventing improper use and potential damage to the machine. In other words, the limit switch protrusions and the movement delimitation grooves prevent accidental disassembly of the valve when the filter holder is mounted on the machine. On the contrary, they allow disassembly for maintenance or inspection when the filter holder is not mounted on the dispensing unit, preventing improper use and potential damage to the machine.

[0069] The elastomeric diaphragm with through-slot automatically adapts to the fluid pressure, ensuring a hermetic seal when not stressed and a smooth and controlled passage during extraction. This improves the quality and consistency of the espresso coffee.

[0070] In this position of the movable carriage, the valve device hermetically seals the outlet passage, preventing leakage and maintaining the hygiene of the machine. This design ensures that the machine is always ready for use without the need for excessively frequent cleaning. Thanks to the automatic closing of the valve device membrane, in the case of espresso-type extraction, the filter holder can be moved to the used capsule container, sink or trash can after rinsing without any coffee or water leakage.

[0071] The coupling seats and sealing devices allow for easy maintenance and replacement of components, extending the useful life of the machine and improving its reliability.

[0072] The machine is compatible with a wide range of particulate substances, including ground coffee, tea and chocolate powder, offering great versatility and satisfying different taste preferences.

[0073] Finally, the method of switching from an espresso to a drip extraction is intuitive and fast, allowing users to adapt the machine to their needs without complications.

[0074] The cams and the movement ring ensure a smooth and precise advancement of the mobile carriage, improving ease of use and certainty of correct adjustment.

[0075] In summary, the advantages of the beverage extraction machine are manifold and derive from the integration of innovative designs and advanced technologies. These advantages include versatility in extraction modes, ease of use, superior beverage quality, and machine durability. The combination of these elements makes this machine an ideal option for coffee lovers looking for a customizable and high-quality extraction experience.

[0076] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0077] Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of its preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying figures in which:

[0078] - figure 1 shows, in axonometric view, a machine of the type with filter holder and extraction chamber oriented with the two half-chambers facing vertically with respect to a support surface of the machine;

[0079] - figure 2 illustrates an axonometric view of an extraction device of a machine with extraction half-chambers oriented horizontally with respect to a support surface of the machine;

[0080] - figure 3 shows an axonometric view of a detail of the machine in figure 1, in which the extraction chamber is shown with the two half-chambers coupled to each other and therefore in the closed position;

[0081] - figure 4 illustrates an axonometric view with separate parts, the detail of figure 3 according to a different angle of the point of view;

[0082] -Figure 5 shows an axonometric view with separate parts, the extraction device of Figure 2; [0083] - figure 6 illustrates in an axonometric view sectioned along a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the detail of figure 3 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in an espresso extraction position, therefore with the membrane resting on the outlet passage;

[0084] - figure 7 shows an axonometric sectional view according to a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the device of figure 2 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in an espresso extraction position, therefore with the membrane resting on the outlet passage;

[0085] - figure 8 illustrates an enlargement of figure 6 at the second piercing device and the valve device, but in an initial or final extraction phase in which the membrane is in a closed position;

[0086] - figure 9 is an enlargement of figure 7 at the second piercing device and the valve device, but in an initial or final extraction phase in which the membrane is in a closed position;

[0087] - figure 10 illustrates figure 6 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position; [0088] - figure 11 illustrates figure 7 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position;

[0089] - figure 12 illustrates an enlargement of figure 10 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position;

[0090] - figure 13 illustrates an enlargement of figure 11 in which the valve device is in an extraction phase in which the membrane is in an open position;

[0091] - figure 14 illustrates, in an axonometric view sectioned along a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the detail of figure 3 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in a drip-type extraction position, therefore with the membrane moved away from the outlet passage, opening an alternative path for the extracted fluid that bypasses the membrane;

[0092] - figure 15 shows an axonometric view sectioned along a vertical plane, with respect to a support plane of the machine, the device of figure 2 in which a capsule is housed in the extraction chamber and the extraction process is started with the valve device in a drip-type extraction position, therefore with the membrane moved away from the outlet passage, opening an alternative path for the extracted fluid that bypasses the membrane;

[0093] - figure 16 illustrates an enlargement of figure 14, but in view and with the flow of extracted fluid highlighted;

[0094] - figure 17 shows an axonometric view from below of the detail of figure 3, in which the ring nut that allows the adjustment of the position of the mobile carriage is visible; the symbols shown allow for understanding the end-of-stroke positions of the mobile carriage and the maneuver necessary to open the assembly and proceed with disassembly and maintenance;

[0095] - figure 18 illustrates a sectioned axonometric view of figure 8 from a different angle;

[0096] - figure 19 shows an axonometric view of the assembly of figure 18, in which the assembly is shown with separate parts;

[0097] - figure 20 illustrates figure 19 but in vertical section;

[0098] - figure 21 illustrates a sectioned axonometric view of a detail of figure 7 according to a different angle of the point of view;

[0099] - figure 22 shows an axonometric view of the assembly in figure 21, in which the assembly is shown with separate parts;

[00100] - figure 23 illustrates in axonometry only the second extraction half-chamber of the detail in figure 22, in which the cam is highlighted;

[00101] - Figures 24 to 26 illustrate in axonometry, lateral and top view the second perforation device according to a first embodiment;

[00102] - figure T1 shows a sectional axonometric view of a second extraction half-chamber in which the second perforating device is integral with the bottom wall of the half-chamber;

[00103] - figure 28 illustrates an axonometric view of a second extraction half-chamber in section, in which a second perforation device is associated as a separate piece in full view;

[00104] - figure 29 represents the bottom of a second extraction semi-chamber made according to a further embodiment and shown here in sectioned axonometry to which a second perforation device is connected by means of a thread;

[00105] - Figures 30 to 42 illustrate thirteen different embodiments of the second perforation device in side view (full or sectioned) and in top view;

[00106] - Figures 43 to 48 illustrate, in axonometric view, six embodiments of the second perforation device;

[00107] - Figures 49 to 51 illustrate the details in top view in section according to the A-A plane of Figure 49 and in section according to the B-B plane of Figure 49 of a second perforation device according to a further embodiment;

[00108] - figure 52 illustrates in axonometry a disposable capsule with its upper portion bearing the imprint of the holes left by the first perforating device;

[00109] - figure 53 shows an axonometric view of a disposable capsule with its lower portion bearing the imprint of the openings left by the second piercing device;

[00110] - figure 54 illustrates an enlargement of figure 53 in which the point of view has the openings left by the second piercing device in a frontal plane, showing how the set of these openings represents the shape of the edge of a coffee bean, that is, two arcs of a circle with the concavities facing each other;

[00111] - figure 55 shows the used particulate material after extraction and removed from the capsule of figure 52;

[00112] - figure 56 shows an axonometric view of a variant of the extraction device in figure

2 in which the adjustment device is automatically activated by a motor controlled by a user interface command.

[00113] Detailed Description of Some Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

[00114] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached figures to allow an expert to make and use it. Various modifications to the embodiments described will be immediately apparent to experts, and the generic principles described can be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the protective scope of this invention, as defined in the attached claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be considered limited to the embodiments described and illustrated, but the widest protective scope must be granted in accordance with the characteristics described and claimed.

[00115] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning commonly used by persons of ordinary experience in the field pertaining to this invention. In the event of a conflict, this description, including the definitions provided, will be binding. Furthermore, the examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and as such should not be considered limiting.

[00116] In order to facilitate the understanding of the embodiments described herein, reference will be made to some specific embodiments and a specific language will be used to describe them. The terminology used in this document is intended to describe only particular embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

[00117] Where the expression "extractable product" is used below, it will be understood as extractable and/or soluble product, for example roasted and ground coffee and freeze-dried coffee, for example barley and ginseng.

[00118] In accordance with a general embodiment, a machine 1 that comprises an extraction chamber 4 with two half-chambers 5, 6 that can move away from each other in an open configuration and can approach each other in a second closed configuration.

[00119] Said machine comprises a first piercing device 7 that allows for the piercing of a single-dose capsule 3 and the creation of an inflow of extraction fluid.

[00120] Said machine comprises a second piercing device 9 for piercing said single-dose capsule 3 and creating an outflow of extract fluid 8.

[00121] Said machine comprises an outlet passage 10 and a valve device 11 located downstream of said outlet passage 10.

[00122] Said valve device 11 can be elastically opened under the pressure of an extract fluid 8.

[00123] Said valve device 11 is connected to a movable carriage 14.

[00124] Said machine comprises an adjustment device 15 suitable for bringing said movable carriage 14 into a first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under the pressure of said extract fluid 8 and in a second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10 to allow a free outflow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[00125] According to one embodiment, a machine 1 for extracting a beverage, or extract fluid 8, from a substance 2 contained in a capsule, for example a single-dose capsule 3, comprises at least one extraction chamber 4.

[00126] Said extraction chamber 4 comprises two half-chambers 5, 6 which can move away from each other to move into an open configuration in which said single-dose capsule 3 can be inserted at least in one of said half-chambers 5, 6 to then be enclosed in said extraction chamber 4 when said half-chambers 5, 6 approach each other in a second closed configuration.

[00127] Said machine (1) comprises a first piercing device 7 connected with a first halfchamber 5 to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create an inflow of extraction fluid in said singledose capsule 3, to create an extraction of said extracted fluid 8 from said substance 2 contained in said single-dose capsule 3, when said single-dose capsule 3 is enclosed in said half-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[00128] Said machine (1) comprises a second piercing device 9 connected with the other of said semi-chambers 6, or second semi-chamber 6, to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create, in a beverage extraction phase, an outflow of extract fluid 8 from said single-dose capsule 3 when enclosed in said semi-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[00129] Said machine (1) also includes an outlet passage 10 located downstream of, or internally to, said second perforation device 9 through which said extract fluid 8 passes during said beverage extraction phase.

[00130] Said machine (1) includes a valve device 11 located downstream of said outlet passage 10 and associated with said outlet passage 10 to prevent the passage of fluid when the extraction of the beverage is finished.

[00131] Said valve device 11 can be elastically opened under the pressure of said extract fluid 8 during said beverage extraction phase, so as to allow the passage of said extract fluid 8 through said valve device 11 during said beverage extraction phase.

[00132] Said valve device 11 comprises a membrane 12 of a resilient material that includes at least one through slit 13, or orifice, which is normally closed when the membrane 12 is not stressed, in order to seal the passage of the extract fluid 8 through said valve device 11 and to retain fluid residues when said extraction of the beverage is finished.

[00133] Said membrane 12 of said valve device 11, in its open condition under the pressure of said extract fluid 8, i.e. open when the membrane 12 is stressed by a pressure gradient between one of its sides, or first membrane side 16 and the opposite side, or second membrane side 17, allows the passage of said extract fluid 8 through said orifice 13, to increase the formation and stability of the cream in the extract fluid 8 extracted from said single-dose capsule when, for example, said substance 2 is a particulate substance comprising ground coffee.

[00134] The valve device 11 comprising a membrane 12 provides numerous advantages. By way of example, some are listed below.

[00135] Improved cream: with the same pressurized fluid dispensing device, for example a vibration pump used on the system (the vibration pump generates a flow rate and a pressure dependent on the sum of the counter-pressures offered by all the parts downstream of the pump in the hydraulic circuit), the valve generates a counter-pressure downstream of the capsule, moving the system to a working point of the pump that increases the pressure to which the coffee is exposed, simultaneously decreasing the flow of water that passes through the coffee pod per unit of time. In this way, the contact time between water and aromatic substances to be extracted increases. At the same time, the membrane valve favors the emulsion and the formation of the cream even at lower flow rates, and acts from the beginning of the dispensing, even in cases where the single portion, due to some defect or cause of the coffee, is not able to generate a high quantity of cream with the sole opening of the capsule following its pressurization.

[00136] Enhanced aroma: due to the pressure generated in the opening and dynamics, which increases the level of the initial pressure and during the dispensing on the coffee, it favors a prolonged contact time between water and coffee at higher pressures than those that the coffee pod alone would be able to generate, optimizing the extraction of aromatic substances and oils.

[00137] Reduction of fine migration: the reduction of the flow rate induced by the valve helps to limit the movement of fine particles (also called particulate substances) in the coffee "pannetto", reducing the clogging effect that it causes and ensuring a more uniform extraction with optimized flow.

[00138] Uniformity: the valve helps to reduce the effects deriving from variations on the coffee pod (dose, fine compressions, filling, breakages, paths, cracks in the compressed coffee from transport, etc.).

[00139] In the absence of the diaphragm valve (for example, when it is in bypass mode, i.e. American or drip coffee), while obtaining an espresso with cream, the following situations occur: [00140] Increased water hammer effect: the greater flow of water at the start can cause the displacement of the fines (particle substances) and the clogging of the tortuous exit paths, with a consequent reduction of the flow to levels that are too low with drop extractions (too cold in the cup/over extracted).

[00141] Risk of filter collapse: uncontrolled pressure can overload the internal filter, causing it to break. [00142] In summary, the diaphragm valve not only performs the patented functions, but optimizes the entire extraction process, ensuring a superior quality espresso with a rich and persistent cream. The pressure level on the coffee is slightly higher and with it also the contact time between the water and particles.

[00143] In addition to the advantages already mentioned, the diaphragm valve also offers additional benefits:

[00144] More effective rinsing: the dynamic pressure generated at the opening (for example, about 4-6 bar in dynamics) promotes more efficient rinsing with hot water, improving the cleaning of the machine.

[00145] Easy cleaning: the ability to rinse with or without pressure improves the cleaning of the valve area and the duct, preventing the accumulation of residues.

[00146] Complete washing of the membrane: even in the bypass position, it allows both sides of the membrane to be washed without physically disassembling it, and despite its small size.

[00147] Small size for greater hygiene: the valve and outlet duct are compact, minimizing contact between the machine and the coffee dispensed. This design facilitates easy cleaning, reducing the risk of cross-contamination between different beverages and ensuring an optimal taste experience.

[00148] Said valve device 11 is associated with a movable carriage 14.

[00149] The machine includes an adjustment device 15 suitable for carrying the mobile trolley 14:

[00150] - in a first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage

10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under pressure of said extract fluid 8; and

[00151] - in a second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10 to allow a free flow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[00152] In accordance with one embodiment, said first half-chamber 5 and/or said second half-chamber 6 is/are movable along a half-chamber closing and opening path.

[00153] In accordance with an embodiment, said semi-chamber closing and opening path extends horizontally or substantially parallel to a machine support plane for the support and stable support of said machine 1.

[00154] In accordance with one embodiment, said semi-chamber closing and opening path extends vertically or substantially orthogonal to a machine support plane for the support and stable support of said machine 1. [00155] In accordance with one embodiment, said single-dose capsule 3 is initially received in said second semi-chamber 6 which is manually connected to said first semi-chamber 5 supported fixed to the machine 1.

[00156] In accordance with one embodiment, said second half-chamber 6 is connected and supported by a filter-holder arm 18.

[00157] According to one embodiment, said adjustment device 15 is driven in a motorized manner by a gear motor 101, controlled by a controller 102, for example through a user command set via a user interface 103 located in a control panel of the machine, so that following the user's selection, the controller sends a signal to the gear motor that brings said mobile trolley to said first position or to said second position.

[00158] According to one embodiment, said second semi-chamber 6 is fixed to a machine support structure 19 and said first semi-chamber 5 approaches and moves away from said second semi-chamber 6, passing from an open extraction chamber 4 configuration to a closed extraction chamber 4, and vice versa.

[00159] According to one embodiment, said machine 1 comprises a machine support structure 19.

[00160] Said machine support structure 19 or said second half-chamber 6 comprises at least one tubular extension of the machine 20.

[00161] Said tubular machine extension 20 comprises at least one external machine thread 21.

[00162] Said machine 1 comprises at least one ring nut 22.

[00163] Said ring nut 22 comprises a tubular ring nut extension 23 which comprises an internal ring nut thread 24 suitable for geometrically coupling with said external machine thread 21, allowing a rotation and consequent advancement and retraction of said ring nut 22 with respect to said machine support structure 19 or said second half-chamber 6.

[00164] Said ring nut comprises a ring nut flange 25 comprising a ring nut through-hole 26.

[00165] Said ring nut through-hole 26 is delimited by a ring nut edge 1 comprising a snap- fit coupling protuberance 28.

[00166] Said movable carriage 14 comprises a snap-fit coupling seat 29.

[00167] Said movable carriage 14 is snap-fitted with its snap-fit coupling seat 29 housed in said snap-fit coupling protuberance 28, coupling said movable carriage 14 with said ring nut 22, so that, by rotating said ring nut 22, said movable carriage 14 moves from said first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 to said second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10.

[00168] In accordance with one embodiment, said ring nut 22 comprises at least one centering and guide arm 30, preferably but not necessarily three centering and guide arms 30.

[00169] Said centering and guide arms 30 project cantilevered from said ring nut 22, when said ring nut 22 is decoupled from the machine 1.

[00170] Said centering and guide arms 30 each comprise a respective outer arm surface 31. According to one embodiment, all of said outer arm surfaces 31 lie on the same cylindrical surface, allowing the rotation of the ring nut 22 guided in a preferably cylindrical seat.

[00171] According to one embodiment, at least one of said centering and guide arms 30 comprises a limit switch protuberance 32 which extends radially to said cylindrical surface.

[00172] Said limit switch protuberance 32 is at least partially housed in a stroke delimitation slot 33 provided in said machine support structure 19 or in said second half-chamber 6; this stroke delimitation slot 33 determines the extent of the rotational stroke of said ring nut 22 when coupled to said machine 1.

[00173] According to one embodiment, when the rotation of the ring nut 22 is forced beyond a predefined stress limit, said centering and guide arms 30 deform elastically, allowing said limit switch protuberance 32 to escape from the respective stroke delimitation slot 33, allowing the decoupling of the ring nut 22 from the machine support structure 19 or second half-chamber 6.

[00174] According to one embodiment, said machine support structure 19 or second halfchamber 6 comprises at least one cam 34.

[00175] Said machine 1 comprises at least one carriage movement ring 35.

[00176] Said ring 35 comprises at least one cam follower 36 which couples with said cam 34 to slide guided by said cam 34.

[00177] Said ring nut 35 comprises a mobile carriage support 37.

[00178] Said machine 1 comprises a constraint flange 38 which constrains said movable carriage 14 to said ring nut 35, allowing their relative rotation.

[00179] Said mobile carriage 14 comprises at least one carriage slot 39.

[00180] Said machine 1 comprises at least one guide and anti-rotation element 40 inserted in said carriage slot 39 and fixed to said machine support structure 19 or second half-chamber 6, preventing rotation of said movable carriage 14 but allowing its translation so that, by rotating said ring nut 35, said movable carriage 14 translates from said first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 to said second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10. [00181] In accordance with one embodiment, said cam 34 has a separation end path 41 for the separation of said cam follower 36 and the disassembly of the ring nut 35 from said machine support structure 19 or second half-chamber 6.

[00182] In accordance with one embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises a membrane 12 or rubber pad or disc, for example silicone rubber, similar to rubber, elastomeric or plastic having a through slot or an orifice 13, said through slot 13 being narrow and formed in the body of the membrane 12.

[00183] Said through-slot 13 connects an upper surface of a first membrane side 16 to a lower surface or second membrane side 17.

[00184] When no axial pressure is applied to the membrane 12, i.e. transverse to said membrane 12, the through slit 13 creates a hermetic seal, while if an axial pressure is applied, such as the pressure of the percolation fluids extracted from the ground coffee, a portion of the membrane 12 deforms and the through slit 13 widens slightly, thus allowing the passage of the percolation liquids, i.e. the beverage 8.

[00185] According to one embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises at least one membrane 12 or rubber or rubber-like disc with a through slit 13 of very small diameter, for example in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, when it is open.

[00186] According to one embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises at least one membrane 12 or rubber or rubber-like disk with an elongated through-slot 13, i.e. with a prevalent longitudinal extension, and a very small transverse extension to its longitudinal extension, for example in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, when said through-slot 13 is open.

[001] According to one embodiment, the valve device 11 comprises a membrane 12 of resilient material with at least one through slit 13, or orifice, which, when not stressed, is closed to seal the passage of extract fluid 8 through the valve device 11, retaining the fluid residues at the end of the beverage extraction.

[002] According to a different embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises at least one membrane 12 or rubber or rubber-like disc with a through slit 13 of a predefined diameter, for example in the order of 0.3 to 1.3 mm, when it is closed;

[003] According to one embodiment, said valve device 11 comprises at least one membrane 12 or rubber or rubber-like disk having a through slit 13 with an elongated shape, i.e. with a prevalent longitudinal extension, and a transverse extension to its predefined longitudinal extension, for example in the order of 0.3 to 1.3 mm, when said through slit 13 is closed.

[004] Thanks to this embodiment, it is possible to obtain a membrane behavior that generates the same dynamic counter-pressure as the membrane with a through slit 13 of a very small diameter, for example in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, when it is open (i.e. that which is used to dispense the beverage with the required cream increase characteristics), but which generates very low or no static counter-pressure.

[005] In a solution with a filter holder equipped with a second outflow half-chamber 6 with filterholder arm 18, a membrane capable of static counter-pressure helps to avoid "dripping" in the movement phases of the second half-chamber with arm. In the groups without arm, it helps to have a membrane that does not block the outflow of residues at the end of dispensing. This solution would help to:

[006] allow a hopefully complete outflow of all residues, in favor of the hygiene of the system, especially in the cases, typical of certain domestic users, in which the machine is used intermittently/discontinuously (long pauses of use and non-execution of the indicated maintenance).

[007] Discharge the chamber pressure more quickly at the end of the dispensing, reducing the amount of water discharged into the grounds collection drawer, the moisture accumulated in the machine itself when used to dispense many consecutive drinks.

[008] It has been found that the forced passage of the extracted coffee greatly increases the density and stability of the cream. This effect is very advantageous because, through the integration of a light and simple device, it is possible to obtain an important effect that characterizes the quality of an espresso coffee drink.

[009] According to one embodiment, the resilient material of the membrane 12 is chosen from the group comprising rubbers, elastomers, and flexible plastics.

[0010] According to one embodiment, said through-slot 13 opens when the pressure of the beverage or extract fluid 8 exceeds a first structurally predetermined value, in which a passage channel, or atmospheric pressure bypass for the beverage 8, is provided, arranged in parallel to said valve device 11 and can be opened or closed depending on the type of beverage, for example, whether espresso or drip.

[0011] According to one embodiment, when said valve device 11 is in the closed position, i.e. when in a first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10, said membrane 12 rests tightly against said second piercing device 9 so as to hermetically seal said outlet passage 10.

[0012] According to one embodiment, when said valve device 11 is in the closed position, i.e. when in a first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10, said membrane 12 rests tightly against said machine support structure 19 or said second half-chamber 6.

[0013] According to one embodiment, said movable carriage 14 comprises a membrane seat 42 to firmly and partially or entirely accommodate said membrane 12.

[0014] According to one embodiment, said membrane 12 comprises at least one peduncle that projects by firmly inserting itself into at least one well seat 43 provided in said mobile carriage 14.

[0015] According to one embodiment, said machine support structure 19 or said second semichamber 6 comprises a cylindrical mobile carriage seat 44.

[0016] Said mobile carriage 14 is free to slide in said cylindrical mobile carriage seat 44.

[0017] According to one embodiment, said movable carriage 14 comprises a carriage sealing seat 45 which houses a carriage sealing device 46, for example a lip seal 47 or an O-Ring 48, which allows a seal between said machine support structure 19, or said second half-chamber 6, and said movable carriage 14.

[0018] According to one embodiment, said mobile carriage 14 comprises a mobile carriage fluid passage 50.

[0019] Said mobile carriage fluid passage 50 comprises flow breaker baffles 49 suitable for avoiding splashes and foam deterioration.

[0020] In accordance with one embodiment, said mobile carriage 14 comprises a mobile carriage fluid passage 50.

[0021] Said mobile carriage fluid passage 50 comprises obstacles to the flow of fluid, or flow breaker baffles 49, formed on its internal surface or mounted on it, to interrupt the direct flow of fluid passing through said mobile carriage fluid passage 50.

[0022] According to one embodiment, said substance 2 is a particulate substance and said particulate substance is chosen from the group comprising: ground coffee, roasted ground coffee, instant coffee, tea, powdered chocolate, powdered milk, infusions or instant soups.

[0023] The present invention also refers to a method for adjusting a machine 1 by switching from an "espresso" type extraction to a "drip" type. This method includes the following steps: [0024] - providing a machine 1 according to any of the embodiments described above;

[0025] - controlling the adjustment device 15 to verify that said mobile carriage 14 is in said first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[0026] In accordance with a possible method, said method comprises the further steps of:

[0027] - moving the adjustment device 15 to bring said movable carriage 14 into a second position in which said valve device 11 is moved away from said outlet passage 10 to allow a free flow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[0028] According to a method of execution in which a "drip" type extraction is switched to an "espresso" type, said method comprises the steps of:

[0029] - moving the adjustment device 15 to bring said movable carriage 14 into said first position in which said valve device 11 cooperates with said outlet passage 10 to seal said outlet passage 10 when said valve device 11 is not open under pressure of said extract fluid 8.

[0030] In accordance with a form of embodiment of the machine, a machine 1 for extracting a beverage, or extract fluid 8, from a substance 2 contained in a capsule, for example a single-dose capsule 3, comprises at least one extraction chamber 4. Said extraction chamber 4 comprises two half-chambers 5, 6 which can move away from each other to move into an open configuration in which said single-dose capsule 3 can be inserted into at least one of said half-chambers 5, 6 to then be enclosed in said extraction chamber 4 when said half-chambers 5, 6 approach each other in a second closed configuration;

[0031] Said machine 1 also comprises a first piercing device 7 connected with a first half-chamber 5 to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create an inflow of extraction fluid in said single-dose capsule 3, to create an extraction of said extracted fluid 8 from said substance 2 contained in said single-dose capsule 3, when said single-dose capsule 3 is enclosed in said half-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[0032] Said machine 1 also includes a second piercing device 9 connected with the other of said semi-chambers 6, or second semi-chamber 6, to pierce said single-dose capsule 3 and create, in a beverage extraction phase, an outflow of extract fluid 8 from said single-dose capsule 3 when enclosed in said semi-chambers 5, 6 in said second closed configuration.

[0033] Said machine 1 also comprises an outlet passage 10 located downstream of said second perforation device 9 through which said extract fluid 8 passes during said beverage extraction phase.

[0034] Said at least one second piercing device 9 comprises at least one cutting element 51.

[0035] Said at least one cutting element 51 comprises a cutting element end portion 52.

[0036] Said end portion of the cutting element 52 is tapered and ends with a narrow edge, or tapered portion knife 53.

[0037] Said narrow edge or tapered portion knife 53 has a circular arc shape.

[0038] Said narrow edge or tapered portion blade 53 at least partially surrounds said outlet passage 10 or through hole or outflow hole. [0039] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one second perforation device 9 comprises a second perforation device body 54 shaped as a portion of an internally hollow truncated cone.

[0040] In accordance with one embodiment, said second piercing device body 54 comprises an outer body wall 55 shaped as a portion of the outer surface of a truncated cone and an inner body wall 56 tapered towards a said narrow edge or tapered portion knife 53.

[0041] In accordance with one embodiment, said second piercing device body 54 is diametrically cut by a diametrical channel 57 which forms two opposing cutting elements 51 in said second piercing device body 54, which at least partially surround said outlet passage 10 or central through- hole 10.

[0042] In accordance with one embodiment, said second piercing device body 54 has intersection edges 72 given by the intersection between said cutting elements 51 and said diametrical channel 57 which are rounded or flared.

[0043] In accordance with one embodiment, the walls delimiting said diametrical channel 57 are inclined towards said outlet passage 10 or central through-hole 10.

[0044] In accordance with one embodiment, the walls delimiting said diametrical channel 57 are inclined and converge towards said outlet passage 10 or central through-hole 10.

[0045] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole is only one, i.e. a single outlet passage 10 or single through-hole 10.

[0046] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole is a single through-hole 10 located in the center of said second perforating device 9.

[0047] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one outlet passage 10 or through-hole 10 is delimited by a through-hole side wall 58 that ends with an inlet opening edge 59 and an outlet opening edge 60.

[0048] According to one embodiment, said second perforation device 9 is integral with said second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0049] According to one embodiment, said second perforation device 9 is a separate piece with respect to said second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0050] According to one embodiment, said second perforation device 9 comprises a plate 61 from which at least one cutting element 51 protrudes.

[0051] In accordance with one embodiment, said second perforation device 9 comprises a stem 62 which projects from said plate 61 and delimits said outlet passage 10 or through-hole 10;

[0052] In accordance with one embodiment, said second perforation device 9 comprises a plate 61 from which said at least one cutting element 51 projects. According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 has its base portion that protrudes at least partially from said plate 61; [0053] In accordance with one embodiment, said plate 61 constitutes a stop element for supporting said second perforation device 9 abutting on the bottom of said second extraction half-chamber 6. [0054] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 is inserted into a through opening of the extraction chamber 63 provided in the bottom wall of the second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0055] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 is sea I ingly inserted into a through opening of the extraction chamber 63 provided in the bottom wall of the second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0056] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 has an annular stem seat 64 which accommodates a stem O-Ring 65.

[0057] According to one embodiment, said stem 62 has an external stem thread 66 and said stem 62 is screwed into said through-opening of the extraction chamber 63 until said plate 61 abuts against said bottom wall of the second extraction half-chamber 6.

[0058] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 extends from 15% to 85%, preferably from 15% to 40%, and even more preferably from 30% to 40% of the extension of the plate.

[0059] According to one embodiment, at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67 which forms a recess or a groove or a channel in said cutting element 52.

[0060] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67 which forms a partial cut-away split in said cutting element 52.

[0061] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67; said opening in the cutting element 67 has a cylindrical portion shape.

[0062] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67; said opening in the cutting element 67 is obtained in an inner wall of the body 56 of the second piercing device body 54.

[0063] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; said opening in cutting element 67 is obtained in an inner wall of the body 56 of the body of the second piercing device 54 facing the outlet passage 10 or through hole 10.

[0064] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in the cutting element 67; said opening in the cutting element 67 extends along a direction parallel to the direction of extension of said outlet passage 10.

[0065] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; said at least one opening in cutting element 67 are two openings in cutting element 67 for each cutting element 51.

[0066] According to one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; wherein said at least one cutting element 52 are two opposing cutting elements 52 each with at least one opening in cutting element 67.

[0067] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 52 comprises at least one opening in cutting element 67; wherein said at least one cutting element 52 are two opposing cutting elements 52 each with at least two openings in cutting element 67 for each cutting element 51.

[0068] According to one embodiment, said narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited:

[0069] externally by a portion of the wall with a truncated cone shape;

[0070] internally by an internal wall converging towards said outlet passage or through-hole 10.

[0071] According to one embodiment, said narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited:

[0072] externally by a portion of the wall with a truncated cone shape;

[0073] internally by an internal wall converging towards said outlet passage or through-hole 10 in which the section of internal wall next to the narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 has a cylindrical wall portion 68.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the restricted edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited by a flattened end portion 69.

[0075] According to one embodiment, said narrow edge or knife with a circular arc shape 53 is delimited by a flattened end portion 69; said flattened end portion 69 comprises an extension between 5% and 80%, preferably between 5% and 40%, preferably between 5% and 10% of the parallel base extension of the at least one cutting element 51.

[0076] In accordance with one embodiment, said at least one cutting element 51 has an annular shape and completely surrounds said outlet passage or through-hole 10.

[0077] According to one embodiment, the second piercing device 9 comprises said cutting element 53 of a height suitable for tearing an outer capsule wall 70 and deforming without tearing an inner capsule filter 71 suitable for filtering a particulate substance such as ground coffee.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the first piercing device 7 pierces a capsule or disposable capsule 3 in its upper portion, creating capsule inlet openings 81 obtained in the capsule 3 having an imprint of the holes left by the first piercing device 7. According to one embodiment, the imprints of said openings 81 are three round section holes placed at the vertices of a triangle.

[0079] In accordance with one embodiment, the second piercing device 9 pierces a capsule or disposable capsule 3 in its lower portion, creating capsule outlet openings 82 obtained in the capsule 3 with an imprint of the holes left by the second piercing device 7. According to one embodiment, these openings are a silhouette of the edge of a coffee bean, i.e. two arcs of a circle with the concavities facing each other, creating a three-dimensional distinctive sign that allows the origin of the used capsule to be immediately recognized.

[0080] According to one embodiment, a used capsule 3 comprises openings 81 on one of its portions left by the first piercing devices 7 of a machine 1 according to any of the previous embodiments, where said openings are capsule inlet openings 81 and have a circular shape.

[0081] According to one embodiment, said capsule inlet openings 81 are three in number and are arranged at the vertices of a theoretical triangle.

[0082] In accordance with one embodiment, a used capsule 3 comprises openings 82 on one of its portions left by the second piercing devices 9 of a machine 1 according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein said openings are at least one capsule outlet opening 82 and have the shape of at least one circular arc-shaped slot.

[0083] In accordance with one embodiment, a used capsule 3 comprises on one portion openings 82 left by second piercing devices 9 of a machine 1 according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein said openings are two capsule outlet openings 82 and have the shape of circle arc slots with the concavities facing each other.

REFERENCES

1 machine for extracting a beverage

2 substance from which to extract a beverage, for example a particulate substance

3 single-dose capsule

4 extraction chamber

5 first semi-chamber (fluid inflow)

6 second semi-chamber (fluid outflow)

7 first piercing device

8 beverage or extract fluid

9 second piercing device

10 outlet passage or central through-hole

11 valve device

12 membrane

13 through slot or orifice

14 mobile cart

15 adjustment device

16 first membrane side or upstream side of the extract flow

17 second membrane side or downstream side

18 filter holder arm

19 machine support structure

20 tubular extension of the machine

21 external machine thread

22 ring nut

23 ring nut tubular extension

24 internal ring nut thread

25 ring nut flange

26 ring nut through hole

T1 ring nut edge

28 snap-fit coupling protuberance

29 snap-fit coupling seat

30 centering and guide arms

31 outer surface of the arm limit switch protuberance stroke delimitation slot cam trolley movement ring or ring yielding mobile trolley support constraint flange carriage slot guide and anti-rotation element cam separation end path membrane seat well seat cylindrical seat of mobile carriage carriage sealing seat carriage sealing device lip seal

O-Ring flow breaker septa mobile carriage fluid passage cutting element a portion of the end of the cutting element narrow edge or knife with a tapered portion in a circular arc body of the second perforation device outer wall of the body inner wall of the body diametrical channel side wall of through hole inlet opening edge outlet opening edge plate stem extraction chamber through opening annular stem seat stem O-ring external stem thread opening in cutting element cylindrical wall portion flattened end portion outer capsule wall internal capsule filter intersection edges capsule inlet openings capsule outlet openings gear motor controller user interface

Claims

1. Machine (1) for extracting a beverage, or extract fluid (8), from a substance (2) contained in a capsule, for example a single-dose capsule (3), said machine (1) comprising: at least one extraction chamber (4); said extraction chamber (4) comprising two half-chambers (5, 6) that can move away from each other to move into an open configuration in which said singledose capsule (3) can be inserted at least in one of said half-chambers (5, 6) to then be enclosed in said extraction chamber (4) when said half-chambers (5, 6) approach each other in a second closed configuration; a first piercing device (7) associated with a first half-chamber (5) to pierce said single-dose capsule (3) and create an inflow of extraction fluid in said single-dose capsule (3), to create an extraction of said extract fluid (8) from said substance (2) contained in said single-dose capsule (3), when said single-dose capsule (3) is enclosed in said half-chambers (5, 6) in said second closed configuration; a second piercing device (9) associated with the other of said semi-chambers (6), or second semichamber (6), to pierce said single-dose capsule (3) and create, in a beverage extraction phase, an outflow of extract fluid (8) from said single-dose capsule (3) when enclosed in said semi-chambers (5, 6) in said second closed configuration; an outlet passage (10) located downstream of, or internally to, said second piercing device (9) through which said extracted fluid (8) passes during said beverage extraction phase; a valve device (11) located downstream of said outlet passage (10) and associated with said outlet passage (10) to prevent the passage of fluid when the extraction of the beverage is finished; wherein said valve device (11) can be elastically opened under the pressure of said extract fluid (8) during said beverage extraction phase, so as to allow the passage of said extract fluid (8) through said valve device (11) during said beverage extraction phase; and wherein said valve device (11) comprises a membrane (12) of a resilient material that comprises at least one through slit (13), or orifice, which is normally closed when the membrane (12) is not stressed, to seal the passage of extract fluid (8) through said valve device (11) and to retain fluid residues when said beverage extraction is finished; wherein said membrane (12) of said valve device (11), in its open condition under pressure of said extract fluid (8), i.e. open when the membrane (12) is stressed by a pressure gradient between one side, or first membrane side (16) and the opposite side, or second membrane (17), allows the passage of said extract fluid (8) through said orifice (13), to increase and consolidate the formation and stability of the cream in the extract fluid (8) extracted from said single-dose capsule when, for example, said substance (2) is a particulate substance comprising ground coffee, and wherein said valve device (11) is connected to a movable carriage (14); wherein said machine comprises an adjustment device (15) suitable for carrying said movable carriage - in a first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10) when said valve device (11) is not open under the pressure of said extract fluid (8); and

- in a second position in which said valve device (11) is moved away from said outlet passage (10) to allow a free flow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid (8).

2. Machine (1), according to claim 1, in which said first half-chamber (5) and/or said second half-chamber (6) is/are movable along a semichamber closing and opening path; said semi-chamber closing and opening path extends horizontally or substantially parallel to a machine support plane for the support and stable support of said machine (1); or in which said first half-chamber (5) and/or said second half-chamber (6) is/are movable along a semichamber closing and opening path; said semi-chamber closing and opening path extends vertically or substantially orthogonal to a machine support plane for the support and stable support of said machine (1); or where said first semi-chamber (5) and/or said second semi-chamber (6) is/are movable along a semichamber closing and opening path; said semi-chamber closing and opening path extends inclined at an angle between 90DEG and ODEG with respect to a machine support plane for the support and stable support of said machine (1).

3. Machine (1), according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said single-dose capsule (3) is initially received in said second semi-chamber (6) which is manually connected to said first semi-chamber (5) supported fixed to the machine (1); and/or where said second half-chamber (6) is connected and supported by a filter-holder arm (18); or wherein said second half-chamber (6) is fixed to a machine support structure (19) and said first halfchamber (5) approaches and moves away from said second half-chamber (6) passing from an open extraction chamber (4) configuration to a closed extraction chamber (4) configuration, and vice versa.

4. Machine (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said adjustment device (15) is driven in a motorized manner by a gear motor (101), controlled by a controller (102), for example through a user command set through a user interface (103) located in a control panel of the machine, so that following the user's selection, the controller sends a signal to the gear motor that brings said movable carriage to said first position or to said second position; or where said machine (1) comprises a machine support structure (19); said machine support structure (19) or said second half-chamber (6) comprises at least one tubular machine extension (20); said tubular machine extension (20) comprises at least one external machine thread (21); said machine (1) comprises at least one ring nut (22); said ring nut (22) comprises a tubular ring nut extension (23) which comprises an internal ring nut thread (24) suitable for geometrically coupling with said external machine thread (21), allowing a rotation and consequent advancement and retraction of said ring nut (22) with respect to said machine support structure (19) or said second half-chamber (6); said ring nut comprises a ring nut flange (25) comprising a ring nut through-hole (26); said ring nut through-hole (26) is delimited by a ring nut edge (27) comprising a snap-fit coupling protuberance (28); said movable carriage (14) comprises a snap coupling seat (29); said movable carriage (14) is snap-fitted with its snap-fit coupling seat (29) received in said snap- fit coupling protuberance (28), coupling said movable carriage (14) with said ring nut (22) so that, by rotating said ring nut (22), said movable carriage (14) moves from said first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10) to said second position in which said valve device (11) is moved away from said outlet passage (10).

5. Machine (1), according to the previous claim, in which said ring nut (22) comprises at least one centering and guide arm (30), preferably three centering and guide arms (30); said centering and guide arms (30) project cantilevered from said ring nut (22), when said ring nut (22) is decoupled from the machine (1); said centering and guide arms (30) each comprise a respective outer arm surface (31); all said outer arm surfaces (31) lie on the same cylindrical surface, allowing the rotation of the ring nut (22); at least one of said centering and guide arms (30) comprises a limit switch protuberance (32) which extends radially to said cylindrical surface; said limit switch protuberance (32) is at least partially housed in a stroke delimitation slot (33) provided in said machine support structure (19) or said second half-chamber (6), a stroke delimitation slot (33) which determines the extent of the rotational stroke of said ring nut (22) when coupled to said machine (1).

6. Machine (1), according to the preceding claim, wherein when the rotation of the ring nut (22) is forced beyond a predefined stress limit, said centering and guide arms (30) deform elastically, allowing said limit switch protuberance (32) to escape from the respective stroke delimitation slot (33), allowing the decoupling of the ring nut (22) from the machine support structure (19) or second half-chamber (6),

7. Machine (1), according to any of the preceding claims, in which said machine support structure (19) or second half-chamber (6) comprises at least one cam (34); said machine (1) comprises at least one carriage movement ring (35); said ring nut (35) comprises at least one cam follower (36) which couples with said cam (34) to slide guided by said cam (34); said ring nut (35) comprises a movable carriage support (37); said machine (1) comprises a constraint flange (38) which constrains said movable carriage (14) to said ring nut (35) allowing their relative rotation; said mobile carriage (14) comprises at least one carriage slot (39); said machine (1) comprises at least one guide and anti-rotation element (40) inserted in said carriage slot (39) and fixed to said machine support structure (19) or second half-chamber (6), preventing rotation of said mobile carriage (14) but allowing its translation so that, by rotating said ring nut (35) said mobile carriage (14) translates from said first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10) to said second position in which said valve device (11) is moved away from said outlet passage (10).

8. Machine (1), according to the preceding claim, in which said cam (34) has a separation end path (41) for the separation of said cam follower (36) and the disassembly of the ring nut (35) from said machine support structure (19) or second half-chamber (6).

9. Machine (1), according to any of the preceding claims, in which said valve device (11) comprises a membrane (12) or rubber pad or disc, for example silicone rubber, similar to rubber, elastomeric or plastic having a through slot or an orifice (13), said through slot (13) being narrow and formed in the body of the membrane (12); said through slot (13) connects an upper surface of a first membrane side (16) to a lower surface or second membrane side (17); wherein when no axial pressure is applied to the membrane (12), i.e. transverse to said membrane (12), the through slit (13) creates a hermetic seal, while if an axial pressure is applied, such as the pressure of the percolation fluids extracted from the ground coffee, a portion of the membrane (12) deforms and the through slit (13) widens slightly, thus allowing the passage of the percolation liquids, i.e. the beverage (8); or in which said valve device (11) comprises a membrane (12) or rubber pad or disc, for example silicone rubber, similar to rubber, elastomeric or plastic having a through slot or an orifice (13), said through slot (13) being formed in the body of the membrane (12); said through slot (13) connects an upper surface of a first membrane side (16) to a lower surface or second membrane side (17); wherein when no axial pressure is applied to the membrane (12), i.e. transverse to said membrane (12), the through slit (13) creates a non-hermetic closure, and if an axial pressure is applied, such as the pressure of the percolation fluids extracted from the ground coffee, a portion of the membrane (12) deforms and the through slit (13) widens further, thus allowing the passage of the percolation liquids, i.e. the beverage (8).

10. Machine (1), according to any of the preceding claims, in which said valve device (11) comprises at least one membrane (12) or rubber or rubber-like disc having a through slit (13) with a very small diameter, for example in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, when it is open; and/or wherein said valve device (11) comprises at least one membrane (12) or disc made of rubber or rubber-like material with a through slit (13) of elongated shape, i.e. with a prevalent longitudinal extension, and a very small transverse extension to its longitudinal extension, for example in the order of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, when said through slit (13) is open; or where said valve device (11) comprises at least one membrane (12) or disc made of rubber or rubber-like material with a through slit (13) of a predefined diameter, for example in the order of 0.3 to 1.3 mm, when it is closed; and/or where said valve device (11) comprises at least one membrane (12) or disc made of rubber or rubber-like material having a through slit (13) with an elongated shape, i.e. with a prevalent longitudinal extension, and a transverse extension to its predefined longitudinal extension, for example in the order from 0.3 to 1.3 mm, when said through slit (13) is closed

11. Machine (1), according to any of the preceding claims, in which said resilient material of said membrane (12) is chosen from the group comprising rubbers, elastomers, and flexible plastics.

12. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said through-slot (13) opens when the pressure of the beverage or extract fluid (8) exceeds a first structurally predetermined value, in which a passage channel, or atmospheric pressure bypass for the beverage (8), is provided, arranged in parallel to said valve device (11) and can be opened or closed depending on the type of beverage, for example if espresso or drip.

13. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, in which when said valve device (11) is in the closed position, i.e. when in a first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10), said membrane (12) rests tightly against said second piercing device (9) so as to hermetically seal said outlet passage (10); and/or wherein when said valve device (11) is in the closed position, i.e. when in a first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10), said membrane (12) rests tightly against said machine support structure (19) or said second half-chamber (6).

14. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said movable carriage (14) comprises a membrane seat (42) to firmly and partially accommodate said membrane (12); and/or where said membrane (12) comprises at least one peduncle that projects by firmly inserting itself into one of at least one well seat (43) provided in said movable carriage (14).

15. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said machine support structure (19) or said second half-chamber (6) comprises a cylindrical mobile carriage seat (44); said movable carriage (14) is free to slide in said cylindrical movable carriage seat (44); and/or where said movable carriage (14) comprises a carriage sealing seat (45) which accommodates a carriage sealing device (46), for example a lip seal (47) or an O-Ring (48), which allows a seal between said machine support structure (19) or said second half-chamber (6) and said movable carriage (14).

16. Machine (1), according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said movable carriage (14) comprises a movable carriage fluid passage (50); said mobile carriage fluid passage (50) comprises flow breaker septa (49) suitable for avoiding splashes and foam deterioration; or said mobile carriage (14) comprises a mobile carriage fluid passage (50); said mobile carriage fluid passage (50) comprises obstacles to the flow of fluid, or flow breaker baffles (49), formed on its internal surface or mounted on it, to interrupt the direct flow of fluid passing through said mobile carriage fluid passage (50).

17. Machine (1), according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said substance (2) is a particulate substance and said particulate substance is selected from the group comprising: ground coffee, roasted ground coffee, instant coffee, tea, powdered chocolate, powdered milk, infusions or instant soups.

18. Method for adjusting a machine (1) by switching from an "espresso" type extraction to a "drip" type, said method comprising the steps of:

- providing a machine (1) according to any of the preceding claims;

- checking the adjustment device (15) to verify that said mobile carriage (14) is in said first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10) when said valve device (11) is not open under the pressure of said extract fluid (8);

- moving the adjustment device (15) to bring said movable carriage (14) into a second position in which said valve device (11) is moved away from said outlet passage (10) to allow a free flow of fluid regardless of the pressure of said extract fluid (8).

19. Method according to the preceding claim, in which a "drip" type extraction is switched to an "espresso" type, said method comprising the steps of:

- moving the adjustment device (15) to bring said movable carriage (14) into said first position in which said valve device (11) cooperates with said outlet passage (10) to seal said outlet passage (10) when said valve device (11) is not open under the pressure of said extracted fluid (8).