WO2024232279A1 - 合わせガラス及びガラス板 - Google Patents
合わせガラス及びガラス板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024232279A1 WO2024232279A1 PCT/JP2024/016176 JP2024016176W WO2024232279A1 WO 2024232279 A1 WO2024232279 A1 WO 2024232279A1 JP 2024016176 W JP2024016176 W JP 2024016176W WO 2024232279 A1 WO2024232279 A1 WO 2024232279A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass plate
- glass
- display
- laminated glass
- light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
- C03C17/04—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass by fritting glass powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to laminated glass and glass sheets.
- a transparent image display member i.e., a transparent screen
- the transparent member is used, for example, in showcases, display cases, windows of buildings and vehicles, glass doors, transparent partitions inside rooms, etc.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an image display transparent member in which an image display section having a first transparent film, a first transparent layer, a reflective film, a second transparent layer, and a second transparent film is adhered to a transparent substrate.
- windshields in particular must meet legal visible light transmittance requirements. Therefore, when applying laminated glass with an image display unit as described above to a windshield, the windshield must have an image display unit that meets the legal visible light transmittance requirements while also providing good image visibility, or the image display unit must be located in a specific position that is not subject to the above regulations.
- Patent Document 1 when a transparent film with high visible light transmittance as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is enclosed in a laminated glass, external light such as sunlight is transmitted through the film and scattered, reducing the contrast ratio between the projected image and the external light, which results in reduced visibility of the projected image emitted from the projection device.
- the laminated glass after the laminated glass is obtained, it is difficult to change the position of the image display portion or its optical properties such as reflectance, because the film is already sealed and integrated with the laminated glass.
- the present invention aims to provide laminated glass that provides excellent visibility of the projected image projected from the projection device onto the display section and also provides a high degree of freedom in forming the display section.
- the present invention also aims to provide a glass plate that has excellent visibility of the projected image emitted from the projection device and has a high degree of freedom in forming the display section.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- a laminated glass having a first glass plate, a second glass plate facing the first glass plate, and an interlayer sandwiched between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, The first glass plate and the second glass plate each have a pair of opposing main surfaces, the second glass plate has a display unit on a main surface located opposite to the interlayer film, The display portion has a reflectance of 30% or more over the entire wavelength region of 420 to 700 nm, and the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the reflectance is 20% or less.
- the indication portion is a portion formed of an ink layer, a ceramic color layer, or a metal layer containing Ag.
- the second glass plate has a plurality of the display units, The laminated glass according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein the plurality of display portions form a display area consisting of a dot pattern.
- the display portion occupies 13 to 50% of the display region in a plan view.
- a light-shielding portion is provided at a position overlapping the display portion in a plan view,
- the indication portion is a portion formed of an ink layer, a ceramic color layer, or a metal layer containing Ag.
- the lightness L * value of the indication portion is 50 or more.
- the laminated glass of the present invention provides excellent visibility of the projected image projected onto the display from the projection device, and allows for a high degree of freedom in the formation of the display.
- the glass plate according to the present invention also provides excellent visibility of the projected image projected onto the display unit from the projection device, and allows for a high degree of freedom in the formation of the display unit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing one embodiment of the laminated glass according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing another aspect of the laminated glass according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A'-A' in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view showing another aspect of the laminated glass according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view showing another aspect of the laminated glass according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic plan view of one embodiment of the laminated glass according to the present invention, in which the laminated glass 10 is used as a windshield for a vehicle.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1.
- the laminated glass 10 according to the present invention includes, as shown in Fig. 2, a first glass plate 1, a second glass plate 2 opposed to the first glass plate 1, and an interlayer film 3 sandwiched between the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 each have a pair of opposing main surfaces.
- the second glass plate 2 has a display unit 4 on a main surface 2b located on the side opposite to the interlayer film 3.
- the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment When the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is used in a vehicle, it is attached so that the first glass plate 1 is disposed on the exterior side of the vehicle and the second glass plate 2 is disposed on the interior side of the vehicle. In other words, the display unit 4 is provided on the interior side of the vehicle.
- the display unit 4 in this embodiment has a reflectance of 30% or more over the entire wavelength range from 420 to 700 nm.
- the wavelength of 420 to 700 nm means the visible light region.
- the reflectance in the entire wavelength range of 420 to 700 nm is a value measured at 10 nm intervals in the wavelength range of 420 to 700 nm using a 45°c:0° spectrophotometer that uses an annular light of a unidirectional lighting method with an incident light angle of 2 degrees.
- "when there is external light” means a case where the illuminance of light entering the laminated glass from the outside, i.e., from the first glass sheet 1 side, is 3000 lx or more.
- the reflectance may be 30% or more, but is preferably 30 to 100%, more preferably 40 to 95%, even more preferably 45 to 90%, and particularly preferably 50 to 90%. From the viewpoint of achieving better visibility, the reflectance is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more. There is no particular upper limit to the reflectance, and it may be 100%, but from the viewpoint of the material composition, it is preferably 95% or less, and more preferably 90% or less.
- the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the reflectance is 20% or less. This weakens the color of the display unit 4. Therefore, in addition to improving the visibility of the projected image, the image projected on the display unit 4 can be viewed in a form close to the original color.
- the difference in reflectance may be 20% or less, preferably 18% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less. There is no particular lower limit to the difference in reflectance, and it may be 0% or 1% or more.
- the reflectance and the difference in reflectance can be adjusted by changing the type and content of the pigment contained in the layer that constitutes the display unit 4.
- the reflectance and the difference in reflectance can be adjusted by changing the type and content of the metal.
- the display unit 4 in this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above optical characteristics, but is preferably a portion made of, for example, an ink layer, a ceramic color layer, or a metal layer containing Ag.
- the lightness L * value of the display unit 4 is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 60 or more, and even more preferably 70 or more. There is no particular upper limit and the value may be 100.
- the lightness L * refers to the lightness index L * value in the CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) color space (CIELAB) standardized by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). The closer the lightness L * is to 0, the blacker it is, and the closer it is to 100, the whiter it is.
- the display unit 4 in this embodiment is provided in an area of the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment where an image is desired to be projected and displayed. 1 and 2, the display section 4 may be 100% halftone dotted, i.e., solidly painted. Solid painting means that the display section 4 is completely painted over without any gaps so that the second glass plate 2 cannot be seen. In this case, the display section 4 and the display area 6 are the same.
- the display unit 4 is provided with 100% dot coverage, the display unit 4 is provided in a partial area on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2, and the outside world can be seen in the other areas where the display unit 4 is not provided.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of another embodiment of the laminated glass according to this embodiment, in which the laminated glass 20 is used as a windshield for a vehicle.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A'-A' in FIG. 3.
- a plurality of display units 4 may be provided as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 to form a display area 6 consisting of a dot pattern.
- each dot becomes a display unit 4
- the areas between the dots are areas where no display unit 4 is formed.
- the aggregate of the areas between the dots where no display unit 4 is formed and the display units 4 that make up each dot becomes the display area 6.
- the area ratio of the dots in the display area 6, i.e., the proportion of the area of the display units 4 in the display area 6, is not particularly limited.
- the area ratio of the dots is set to an appropriate value from various standpoints, such as visibility of the outside world, visibility of the projected image, and design.
- the area ratio of the halftone dots does not have to be constant.
- the area ratio of the halftone dots may be increased as it approaches the outer periphery.
- the area ratio of the halftone dots in the display area 6 may be, for example, 100%.
- the area ratio of the dots in the display area 6, i.e., the ratio of the total area occupied by the multiple display units 4 in the display area 6 in a plan view is preferably, for example, 13 to 50%, and more preferably 18 to 30%. From the viewpoint of good visibility of the projected image, the area ratio is preferably 13% or more, and more preferably 18% or more. From the viewpoint of good visibility of the outside world, the area ratio is preferably 50% or less, and more preferably 30% or less. As an index of the visibility of the outside world, it is preferable to set the area ratio of the dots so that the transmittance in the entire wavelength range of 420 to 700 nm in the region excluding the peripheral portion of the laminated glass 20 is 70% or more.
- each dot When each dot is circular, its diameter is, for example, 100 to 1000 ⁇ m. Furthermore, although it depends on the area ratio of the halftone dots, the area of each dot in a plan view is preferably 0.007 to 0.8 mm2 .
- the above-mentioned area is preferably 0.007 m2 or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of preventing a decrease in visibility due to each dot when viewing the outside world, the above-mentioned area is preferably 0.8 mm2 or less.
- each dot is not limited to a circle, but may be any shape, such as an ellipse, a square, a polygon, a rhombus, a diamond, a pincushion, a hexagon, or a T-shape.
- the display area 6 may include two or more types of dots having different sizes and shapes.
- the display unit 4 or display area 6 in this embodiment may be provided in a desired area on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2.
- the display unit 4 or display area 6 may be provided on the periphery of the windshield.
- the display unit 4 or display area 6 as described above can display various information such as instrument information such as vehicle speed and RPM, and speed limits.
- the display area 6 may be provided on the entire surface of the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2.
- various information such as navigation information, in addition to instrument information, can be displayed.
- the thickness of the display section 4 in this embodiment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 40 ⁇ m. From the viewpoint of reflectance adjustment, the thickness of the display section 4 is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less. From the viewpoint of preventing defects such as holes, the thickness of the display section 4 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the display section 4 conforms to JIS B 0601:1994 and is a value obtained by stylus-type measurement using a surface roughness measuring instrument.
- the surface roughness Ra of the display unit 4 is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.01 to 1.0 ⁇ m, even more preferably 0.03 to 0.8 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.05 to 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the surface roughness Ra is preferably 0.01 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more.
- the surface roughness Ra is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface roughness Ra is the arithmetic mean roughness Ra obtained by stylus measurement using a surface roughness measuring instrument in accordance with JIS B 0601:1994.
- the surface roughness Ra can be adjusted by the particle size of the ink composition.
- the surface roughness Ra can be adjusted by the crystallinity and the particle size of the ceramic color composition.
- the surface roughness Ra can be adjusted by the particle size of the composition.
- the reflectance curve of the display unit 4 in the wavelength range of 420 to 700 nm preferably exhibits a monotonically decreasing curve over the entire wavelength range.
- the monotonically decreasing curve means that the reflectance decreases as the wavelength becomes longer and does not have a peak at a specific wavelength in the above wavelength range. The monotonous decrease tends to be observed when the display portion 4 is a portion made of an ink layer or a ceramic color layer.
- the reflectance curve of the display unit 4 in this embodiment for wavelengths of 420 to 700 nm shows a monotonically increasing curve over the entire wavelength range. Showing a monotonically increasing curve means that the reflectance increases with increasing wavelength and does not have a peak at a specific wavelength in the above wavelength range. The monotonic increase tends to be observed when the display portion 4 is made of a metal layer containing Ag.
- the ink layer is a layer consisting of ink, and is formed by applying an ink composition that serves as a precursor of the ink onto the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 by printing or the like, and then curing it.
- the ink layer is easy to form on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2, which is preferable from the viewpoints of productivity of the display portion 4 and high degree of freedom in the position where the display portion 4 is formed.
- the ink layer is formed from a polymeric resin composition containing a pigment as a colorant.
- the polymeric resin composition contains resin, dispersant, solvent, etc. as necessary.
- This polymeric resin composition is referred to as the "ink composition" in this specification.
- the pigment may be any coloring material such as an organic pigment, organic dye, or inorganic pigment, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more types. The coloring material can be appropriately selected depending on the desired color.
- the coloring material may be a white pigment.
- the white pigment include titanium oxide and zinc oxide.
- the resin in the polymer resin composition may be any resin having the properties of a thermoplastic resin, a photocurable resin, a thermosetting resin, etc., with a photocurable resin and a thermosetting resin being preferred.
- the resin include known resins such as polyurethane resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, urea melamine resins, silicone resins, phenoxy resins, methacrylic resins, acrylic resins, polyarylate resins, polyester resins, polyolefin resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, transparent ABS resins, celluloses, and polyacetals.
- ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
- the resin may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of a monomer of the homopolymer and a monomer copolymerizable with the monomer of the homopolymer.
- the binder may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- Photocurable resins are preferably ones that have the property of being cured by exposure to UV light, from the viewpoints of simplifying the resin curing process and eliminating the need for a baking furnace.
- acrylic resins can be made into photocurable resins by adding a photopolymerization initiator, and a photocured film can be obtained by irradiating this with light.
- thermosetting resin is cured at a temperature lower than the annealing point of the glass plate from the viewpoint of maintaining the shape of the glass plate.
- the thermosetting temperature of the resin is preferably 500° C. or lower, more preferably 400° C. or lower, and even more preferably 300° C. or lower.
- the thermosetting temperature of the resin is preferably 100° C. or higher, more preferably 150° C. or higher, and even more preferably 200° C. or higher.
- thermosetting resins include acrylic resins and silicone resins among the resins listed above.
- the dispersant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cellulose derivatives, organic acids, terpene compounds, etc.
- examples of the organic acid include unsaturated carboxylic acid polymers, but other organic acids may also be used.
- the dispersant may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known solvents such as water, alcohols, esters, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, and aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents.
- the alcohols that can be used include isopropyl alcohol, methanol, and ethanol.
- the esters that can be used include ethyl acetate.
- the ketones that can be used include methyl ethyl ketone.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon solvents that can be used include toluene, xylene, Solvesso (trademark) 100, 150, and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents that can be used include hexane.
- the solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the colorant content is preferably, for example, 0.1 to 10% by mass
- the resin content is preferably, for example, 1 to 50% by mass
- the solvent content is preferably, for example, 20 to 80% by mass.
- the ceramic color layer is a fired layer formed by applying a paste or liquid ceramic color composition as a precursor onto the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 and baking it by heat treatment.
- the ceramic color layer is preferably bonded to the main surface 2 b of the second glass plate 2 and can be prevented from peeling off from the second glass plate 2 .
- the ceramic color composition is a paste or liquid composition in which inorganic components, including glass frit and pigments, are mixed with organic components.
- one type of glass frit may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed together. Furthermore, two or more types of glass frits with the same composition but different particle sizes may be appropriately mixed and used.
- the softening point Ts of the glass frit is preferably 500 to 580°C, more preferably 520 to 540°C. That is, the softening point Ts is preferably 500°C or higher, more preferably 520°C or higher, and is preferably 580°C or lower, more preferably 540°C or lower.
- the softening point of one or more types of glass frits is within the above range, and it is even more preferable that the softening points of all the glass frits are within the above range.
- the particle diameter D50 of the glass frit is preferably 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.3 to 2.5 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m. From the viewpoint of preventing excessive atomization, which increases the specific surface area and causes adsorption of moisture and carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere, resulting in foaming during the formation of the ceramic color layer and thus reducing the transmittance, strength, and the like, the particle diameter D50 of the glass frit is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more. The particle diameter D50 is preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or less. The particle diameter D50 of the glass frit is the cumulative median diameter D50 of the volume-based particle size distribution, and is measured by a laser diffraction scattering method.
- the maximum particle diameter Dmax of the glass frit is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of preventing clogging. Moreover, in the viewpoint of preventing deterioration of sinterability and strength reduction of the ceramic color layer due to undissolved coarse particles, the maximum particle diameter Dmax of the glass frit is even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the pigment in the ceramic color layer is not particularly limited as long as the reflectance of the resulting display unit 4 satisfies the above optical characteristics, and any conventionally known inorganic pigment can be used. Among them, it is preferable to use a white pigment to make the ceramic color layer a white ceramic layer.
- the white pigment include titanium oxide and zinc oxide.
- the ceramic color composition which is a precursor of the ceramic color layer, preferably further contains a filler in addition to the glass frit and the pigment.
- a filler include a crystallization promoter and a so-called low expansion filler.
- the crystallization accelerator is preferably added when it is desired to increase the crystallized regions of the ceramic color layer.
- the crystallized regions are formed by heat treatment at a temperature higher than the crystallization temperature of the glass frit.
- the crystallization accelerator acts as a crystal nucleus, so that crystallization begins at a temperature lower than the above crystallization temperature, and the crystallized regions increase.
- the type of crystallization promoter varies depending on the composition of the glass frit. For example, if the glass frit contains Bi, a bismuth silicate-based crystallization promoter is preferred. Also, if the crystal phase has a similar pattern, crystallization may be promoted even if the composition of the glass frit is different.
- the low expansion filler is preferably added from the viewpoint of improving the strength of the laminated glass.
- the low expansion filler may be a conventionally known one, such as cordierite, zircon, alumina, titania, zirconium phosphate, silica, forsterite, etc. One of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination. Among them, it is more preferable that the glass contains at least one selected from the group consisting of cordierite, zircon, and silica.
- the ceramic color layer may further contain an oxidizing agent within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- an oxidizing agent a conventionally known oxidizing agent such as CeO2 , MnO2 , etc. can be used.
- the metal layer containing Ag is a layer made of a metal containing Ag, and is formed on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 by firing a metal paste containing Ag, or the like.
- the metal layer containing Ag may contain other components, such as metals other than Ag, so long as the metal layer satisfies the optical characteristics required for the display unit 4 .
- metals other than Ag include Al, Cr, Mo, In, Ni, Ta, Ti, Cu, W, Sn, and Co.
- the metal layer containing Ag may be a layer of an alloy of Ag and a metal other than Ag, or may be a layer of a metal oxide or a layer of a metal nitride.
- the Ag content in the metal layer is preferably 60 mass% or more, and may be 100 mass%, i.e., a metal layer consisting of only Ag.
- the metal layer containing Ag is preferably formed by coating a metal paste containing Ag using a masking tape. Moreover, after forming a metal layer containing Ag, it may be patterned by photolithography, etching, or the like.
- the laminated glass 30, 40 may have a light-shielding portion 5 at a position overlapping the display portion 4 in a plan view.
- the light-shielding portion 5 is located closer to the first glass plate 1 than the display portion 4.
- the reflectance of the light shielding portion 5 in the entire wavelength region from 420 to 700 nm is preferably 10% or less.
- the presence of the light-shielding portion 5 increases the contrast ratio between the projected image and external light when an image is projected onto the display unit 4, thereby preventing a decrease in visibility of the projected image.
- the display unit 4 becomes invisible, improving the appearance, so the light-shielding portion 5 is also preferable from an aesthetic standpoint.
- the laminated glass 30, 40 according to this embodiment as the windshield of a vehicle, it is possible to prevent the reflection of external light to the outside of the vehicle by the display unit 4, thereby preventing the driver of an oncoming vehicle from being hindered in driving.
- the reflectance of the light-shielding portion 5 in the entire wavelength range of 420 to 700 nm is preferably 8% or less, and may be 0%.
- the lightness L * value of the light shielding portion 5 in this embodiment is preferably 35 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and may be 0.
- the light-shielding portion 5 may be located closer to the first glass plate 1 than the display portion 4, and may be located between the second glass plate 2 and the display portion 4, as shown in FIG. 5, and provided on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2. As shown in FIG. 6, the light-shielding portion 5 may be provided on the main surface 1b of the first glass plate 1 facing the intermediate film 3.
- the light-shielding portion 5 is not limited to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and may be provided, for example, on the main surface 1a of the first glass plate 1 opposite the intermediate film 3, or on the main surface 2a of the second glass plate 2 facing the intermediate film 3.
- the light-shielding portion 5 does not need to be the same size as the display portion 4 in a plan view, and may be larger or smaller than the display portion 4.
- the light-shielding portion 5 is not particularly limited as long as the reflectance is 10% or less, but it is preferable that the portion is light-shielded by an opaque ceramic color layer, for example.
- the color may be any color, but dark colors such as black, brown, gray, and dark blue are preferred, with black being more preferred.
- the ceramic color layer that becomes the light-shielding portion 5 preferably contains at least one pigment or dye selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, and metal oxides.
- pigments made of metal oxides include CuO.Cr2O3 ( black ), CoO.Cr2O3 (black ) , Fe2O3 (brown), CoO.Al2O3 (blue), NiO.Cr2O3 ( green ) , etc. , which may be used in combination.
- the desired color, gloss, and opacity, i.e., transmittance, properties can be imparted.
- At least one oxide pigment selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Si, Mn, Al, and Zn is preferred, and a composite oxide pigment containing two or more of these is more preferred, such as Cu(Cr,Mn ) 2O4 , CuCrO4, Cr2O3 :Fe2O3, Cr2O3:Fe2O3:CoO, (Fe,Mn)(Mn,Fe)2O4, (Co,Fe)(Fe,Cr)2O4 , ( Co , Fe , Mn ) ( Fe , Cr , Mn) 2O4 , (Co,Fe)(Ni,Cr) 2O4 , and (Cu,Fe,Mn)(Fe,Mn,Al) 2O .
- the composite oxide pigment is at least one selected from the group consisting of
- the light-shielding portion 5 may be a colored intermediate film or film with light-shielding properties, a combination of a colored intermediate film and a ceramic color layer, or a layer with a light-adjusting function.
- the colored film may also be integrated with an infrared reflective film, etc.
- the light-shielding portion 5 may be a portion that is shielded from light by an ink layer.
- the coloring material contained in the ink layer may be an organic pigment, an organic dye, an inorganic pigment, etc., and dark colors such as black, brown, gray, and dark blue are preferable, and black is more preferable.
- the ink layer constituting the light-shielding portion 5, like the ink layer constituting the display portion 4, may contain colorants as well as resins, dispersants, solvents, etc., as necessary.
- the interlayer film 3 in this embodiment is a film that bonds the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2. That is, the interlayer film 3 is sandwiched between the main surface 1 b of the first glass plate 1 and the main surface 2 a of the second glass plate 2.
- the edge surface of the interlayer film 3 that forms the outer periphery is preferably edge-treated. Specifically, the edge surface of the interlayer film 3 is preferably edge-treated so as not to protrude significantly beyond the edge surfaces that form the outer periphery of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2.
- the amount of protrusion of the interlayer film 3 from the peripheral end faces of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining a good appearance.
- the intermediate film 3 can be made of a conventional material such as a thermoplastic resin. However, it is not limited to thermoplastic resin.
- thermoplastic resin examples include plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resins, saturated polyester resins, plasticized saturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, plasticized polyurethane resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, ionomer resins, etc. Also suitable for use is a resin composition containing a modified hydrogenated block copolymer described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221. These thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the above examples, "plasticized” means that the resin is plasticized by adding a plasticizer.
- plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins are more preferred because they offer an excellent balance of properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation.
- the substance When a substance having a specific function is enclosed in the intermediate film 3, the substance may be deteriorated by a specific plasticizer depending on the type of substance to be enclosed. In such a case, a resin that does not substantially contain the plasticizer is more preferable.
- a resin that does not contain a plasticizer is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resin.
- polyvinyl acetal resin examples include polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with formaldehyde, polyvinyl acetal resin in the narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA with acetaldehyde, polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin obtained by reacting PVA with n-butylaldehyde, etc.
- PVB resin is preferred because it has an excellent balance of various properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorbency, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation.
- the polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the intermediate film 3 may also contain a plasticizer such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate or tetraethylene glycol di-N-heptanoate.
- a plasticizer such as triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate or tetraethylene glycol di-N-heptanoate.
- the intermediate film 3 may contain functional particles such as an infrared absorbing agent, an ultraviolet absorbing agent, a luminescent agent, or the like.
- the interlayer film 3 may also have a colored portion called a shade band.
- the intermediate film 3 has a colored portion
- a conventionally known color pigment can be used to form the colored portion.
- a color pigment that can be used for plastics can be used.
- the amount of color pigment added can be adjusted so that the visible light transmittance of the colored portion is 40% or less.
- the color pigment examples include organic color pigments such as azo-based, phthalocyanine-based, quinacridone-based, perylene-based, perinone-based, dioxazine-based, anthraquinone-based, and isoindolino-based pigments, and inorganic color pigments such as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, chromates, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, phosphates, arsenates, ferrocyanides, carbon, and metal powders. These color pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- organic color pigments such as azo-based, phthalocyanine-based, quinacridone-based, perylene-based, perinone-based, dioxazine-based, anthraquinone-based, and isoindolino-based pigments
- inorganic color pigments such as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, chromates, sul
- the intermediate film 3 may consist of only one layer, or may consist of multiple layers.
- the layers included in the intermediate film 3 may be made of the same material or different materials, and are preferably made of the same material. Even if the interlayer film 3 is made of different materials, from the viewpoints of adhesion to the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2, protection of the functional materials to be incorporated into the laminated glass 10, and the like, it is preferable that 50% or more of the film thickness of the interlayer film 3 be made of a thermoplastic resin.
- the shear modulus of any of the layers other than the pair of outermost layers closest to the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 is smaller than the shear modulus of the pair of outermost layers, from the viewpoint of improving the sound insulation of the laminated glass 10.
- the shear moduli of the pair of outermost layers may be the same or different.
- the shear modulus of each layer can be adjusted by adjusting the plasticizer, for example.
- the thickness of the intermediate film 3 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at its thinnest point, and the maximum thickness is preferably 3 mm or less. If the intermediate film 3 is made up of multiple layers, the thickness of the intermediate film 3 is the sum of the thicknesses of the individual layers.
- the thickness of the thinnest part of the interlayer film 3 is preferably 0.5 mm or more from the viewpoint of the impact resistance of the laminated glass. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of reducing the weight of the laminated glass, the maximum thickness of the interlayer film 3 is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.
- the intermediate film 3 may have a different thickness at the upper and lower edges.
- it may be wedge-shaped so that the thickness gradually increases from the lower edge to the upper edge.
- HUD heads-up display
- the wedge shape is a suitable form for projecting images from a projection device.
- the method for forming the intermediate film 3 involves selecting an appropriate resin material, extruding the resin film in a heated and molten state using an extruder, for example, and stretching it as necessary to give the upper and lower edges a curvature that matches the design of the laminated glass. It is preferable to set the extruder so that the extrusion conditions, such as the extrusion speed, are uniform.
- first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may each be inorganic glass or organic glass.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may be the same or different, and may be the same or different in size and thickness.
- inorganic glass examples include soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass.
- the first glass sheet 1 located on the outside of the vehicle is preferably made of inorganic glass from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, and is preferably made of soda-lime glass from the viewpoint of formability.
- first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 are soda-lime glass, clear glass, green glass containing a specified amount or more of iron components, or dark green glass are more preferable.
- the inorganic glass may be either unreinforced glass or reinforced glass.
- Untempered glass is produced by forming molten glass into a flat plate and slowly cooling it. Tempered glass is made by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass. In the case of tempered glass, residual stress can be reduced by distributing the stress isotropically.
- the tempered glass may be either glass that has been physically tempered, such as air-cooled tempered glass, or glass that has been chemically tempered.
- Physical strengthening is a method of strengthening the surface of a glass plate by creating a compressive stress layer on the surface of the glass plate due to the temperature difference between the surface and the inside of the glass plate. Specifically, a cooling medium is sprayed onto a glass plate that has been heated to a temperature above the annealing point of the glass plate, for example, 500-600°C, to rapidly cool the surface of the glass plate, creating a compressive stress layer on the surface of the glass plate through an operation other than annealing.
- Chemical strengthening is a method of strengthening the surface of a glass sheet by creating a compressive stress layer on the surface by ion exchange or other methods. Specifically, the glass sheet is brought into contact with the metal salt, for example by immersing the glass sheet in a molten liquid of a metal salt containing metal ions with a large ionic radius, and the metal ions with a small ionic radius in the glass are replaced with metal ions with a large ionic radius.
- lithium ions are replaced with sodium ions or potassium ions
- sodium ions are replaced with potassium ions.
- the molten metal salt i.e., the molten salt
- the molten salt may be any known molten salt.
- the conditions for the chemical strengthening are appropriately selected taking into consideration the glass composition and the type of molten salt.
- the chemical strengthening may be performed in multiple stages, and may include washing with an alkaline solution or washing by plasma exposure.
- the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is used as a windshield for a vehicle, it is preferable that the first glass plate 1 located on the outside of the vehicle and the second glass plate 2 located on the inside of the vehicle are both untempered glass, from the viewpoint of preventing cracks from running across the entire surface of the glass plate in the event of breakage.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may be made of glass plates that absorb ultraviolet or infrared rays.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may be made of colored glass plates as long as the desired transmittance is not impaired.
- examples of materials for organic glass include polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and other transparent resins.
- the transmittance of at least one of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 in the entire wavelength region of 420 to 700 nm is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more, from the viewpoint of visibility of the outside world when laminated together, and although there is no particular upper limit, it is usually less than 100%.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 in this embodiment are preferably green glass or clear glass, and more preferably clear glass.
- Green glass is a highly transparent glass.
- the transmittance of green glass in the entire wavelength region of 420 to 700 nm is, for example, about 83 to 88% when the plate thickness is 1.6 to 2.0 mm.
- Clear glass is glass with even higher transparency than green glass.
- the transmittance of clear glass in the entire wavelength region of 420 to 700 nm is, for example, about 88 to 92% when the plate thickness is 1.8 to 2.0 mm.
- the thickness of the first glass plate 1 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, preferably from 1.1 to 3 mm, more preferably from 1.8 to 2.8 mm, even more preferably from 1.8 to 2.6 mm, still more preferably from 1.8 to 2.2 mm, and particularly preferably from 1.8 to 2.1 mm.
- the sheet thickness is preferably 1.1 mm or more, and more preferably 1.8 mm or more.
- the sheet thickness is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably 2.8 mm or less, even more preferably 2.6 mm or less, even more preferably 2.2 mm or less, and particularly preferably 2.1 mm or less.
- the thickness of the second glass plate 2 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, preferably from 0.3 to 2.3 mm, more preferably from 0.5 to 2.2 mm, and further preferably from 0.7 to 2.1 mm.
- the plate thickness is preferably 0.3 mm or more, more preferably 0.5 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.7 mm or more.
- the plate thickness is preferably 2.3 mm or less, more preferably 2.2 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.1 mm or less.
- the plate thickness is preferably 2.0 mm or less, and more preferably 1.8 mm or less.
- the secondary image refers to a double image generated by light reflected by the main surface 2 a of the second glass plate 2 facing the interlayer 3 and light reflected and scattered by the display unit 4.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may have different thicknesses at the upper and lower edges of the glass plates.
- the first glass plate 1 and/or the second glass plate 2 may be wedge-shaped so that the thickness gradually increases from the lower edge to the upper edge.
- HUD head-up display
- the wedge shape described above can be used as a laminated glass suitable for projecting images from a projection device.
- Vehicles equipped with a head-up display typically incorporate a concave lens to widen the image in order to display a virtual image, and space must be provided to ensure the focal distance between the light source and the concave lens, resulting in a large-capacity projection device.
- the laminated glass 10, 20 according to the present embodiment can scatter light in the display unit 4 or display area 6 when an image is projected onto the display unit 4 or display area 6, and therefore does not require a large capacity projection device. Therefore, by selecting the display content between the head-up display portion and the display unit 4 or display area 6, the capacity of the projection device as a whole can be reduced.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may have a film, device, or the like having a specific function provided on either of their main surfaces.
- Functions of the above-mentioned film and device include water repellency, antifogging, heat shielding, low reflection, infrared reflection, infrared blocking, light emission, power generation, light control, touch panel, visible light reflection, visible light reduction, scattering, decoration, absorption, etc.
- the above-mentioned film and device can be any known film or device.
- the visible light transmittance is improved and the outside scenery and the like can be easily viewed through the display area 6 .
- a coating that improves the reflectance of visible light may be applied to all or part of the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 opposite the intermediate film 3. This increases the reflectance of the display unit 4, so that the visibility of the projected image is good even when the illuminance of external light is high. Therefore, the proportion of the area that the display unit 4 occupies in the display area 6 consisting of multiple display units 4 can be reduced, and the visibility of the outside world can also be improved.
- An example of such a coating is an optical interference film consisting of alternating layers of high and low refractive index.
- the high refractive index layer include oxides or mixed oxides of Zn, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ni, In, Al, Ce, W, Mo, Sb, or Bi, or nitrides or oxynitrides of Si, Al, Zr, B, Y, Ce, or La.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 1.8 or more, and more preferably 2.0 or more.
- the low refractive index layer may be made of silicon oxide, silicon oxycarbide, aluminum oxide, mixed silicon aluminum oxide, mixed silicon zirconium oxide, aluminum doped zinc oxide, magnesium fluoride, or a mixture thereof.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer at a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 1.7 or less, more preferably 1.6 or less.
- coatings that improve the reflectance of visible light include those that alternately laminate layers of conductive materials such as Ag or Ag compounds with layers of metal oxides or metal nitrides.
- the laminated glass 10 according to the present embodiment may be a laminated glass including three or more glass plates, but from the viewpoint of weight reduction, two glass plates are preferable.
- the laminated glass 10 is composed of three or more glass plates, the glass plate located closest to the interior of the vehicle is preferably the second glass plate 2 .
- the materials of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may be the same or different.
- the sizes and shapes of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may also be the same or different, but from the viewpoint of eliminating the need for shaping when installing the laminated glass 10 in a vehicle, it is preferable that they are the same or approximately the same, that is, that their planar shapes are congruent or approximately congruent.
- At least one of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may have a chamfered edge.
- a conventionally known method can be used for the chamfering.
- the chamfering can be performed using a diamond wheel, a grindstone, a laser, etc.
- the laminated glass 10, 20 according to the present embodiment is preferably used as an image display transparent member having a display unit 4 or a display area 6.
- the display unit 4 or the display area 6 reflects an image projected from the display unit 4 side, i.e., the side opposite to the first glass plate 1 side, at the display unit 4 or the display area 6 to display information.
- the image display transparent member disclosed in Patent Document 1 when a transparent film having a high visible light transmittance is enclosed in a laminated glass, wrinkles may occur in the transparent film. When wrinkles occur, the outside scene and the projected image appear distorted, reducing visibility.
- the laminated glasses 10 and 20 according to the present embodiment do not require a transparent film to be enclosed in the laminated glass in the first place, and therefore provide good visibility of the outside world and projected images.
- the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is preferably used in a vehicle, and more preferably as a windshield.
- the first glass sheet 1 is installed so as to face the outside of the vehicle.
- the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment preferably has a complex curved shape that is curved in both the vertical and horizontal directions when installed in a vehicle.
- this is not limited to a complex curved shape that is curved in the vertical and horizontal directions when installed in a vehicle, and does not exclude any complex curved shape that is curved in two or more different directions.
- the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment may have a single curved shape that is curved in only one direction, either vertically or horizontally, when installed in a vehicle.
- this is not limited to a single curved shape that is curved in only one direction, either vertically or horizontally, when installed in a vehicle, and does not exclude a single curved shape that is curved in any one direction.
- the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is preferably curved so as to be convex toward the outside of the vehicle.
- the first glass sheet 1 is curved so as to be convex toward the side opposite the interlayer film 3
- the second glass sheet 2 is curved so as to be convex toward the interlayer film 3 side.
- the minimum value of the radius of curvature is preferably 500 to 100,000 mm.
- the radii of curvature of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may be the same or different.
- the radius of curvature of the second glass plate 2 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the first glass plate 1.
- the method for bending the first glass sheet 1 and the second glass sheet 2 is not particularly limited. Examples include gravity forming, press forming, and roller forming.
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 are curved inorganic glass
- the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 may be bent after being shaped by a float method or the like and before being bonded with the interlayer film 3.
- the bending is performed by softening the glass plate by heating.
- the heating temperature of the glass plate during bending is, for example, in the range of 550 to 700°C.
- first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 There is no particular limitation on the method for forming the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2.
- glass plates formed by a float method or the like are preferred.
- the tin concentration in one of the main surfaces of the glass sheet may be high due to the manufacturing method thereof.
- the main surface 1a of the first glass sheet 1 and the main surface 2a of the second glass sheet 2 may be the side with a high tin concentration
- the main surface 1b of the first glass sheet and the main surface 2b of the second glass sheet 2 may be the side with a high tin concentration.
- the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 be the side with the higher tin concentration, and it is more preferable that the main surface 1b of the first glass plate and the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 be the side with the higher tin concentration.
- the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is preferably 2.8 to 10 mm. From the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient rigidity, the total thickness is preferably 2.8 mm or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient transmittance and reducing haze, the total thickness is preferably 10 mm or less.
- the plate misalignment between the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 is preferably 1.5 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less, from the viewpoint of obtaining a good appearance.
- the plate misalignment refers to the amount of misalignment between the outer peripheral side surface of the first glass plate 1 and the outer peripheral side surface of the second glass plate 2 in a plan view.
- the method for producing the laminated glass 10 according to this embodiment is not particularly limited.
- a display unit 4 and, if necessary, an optional light-shielding unit 5, etc. may be provided on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 opposite the interlayer 3 side, and then the second glass plate 2 may be combined with the first glass plate 1 and the interlayer 3 to obtain laminated glass 10.
- a display unit 4 and, if necessary, an optional light-shielding unit 5 or the like may be provided on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 to obtain a laminated glass 10.
- an ink composition is applied onto the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 by printing or the like, and then dried to form the display portion 4.
- the printing method include, but are not limited to, gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, pad printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, brush coating, spin coating, and the like.
- the ink composition may be applied to the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2, and then the curing may be accelerated by heating. Also, if the ink composition contains a photocurable resin, the ink composition may be applied to the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2, and then the curing may be accelerated by irradiating the ink composition with light such as ultraviolet light.
- the display section 4 after bending the second glass plate 2. This reduces distortion caused by residual stress compared to a method in which the second glass plate 2 is bent and then formed into the display section 4, which is a portion made of an ink layer.
- the display portion 4 is a portion consisting of a ceramic color layer
- the display portion 4 is formed using a paste or liquid ceramic color composition which serves as a precursor of the ceramic color layer.
- the ceramic color composition is applied onto the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 by printing or the like, and then fired. The firing is performed at a temperature in the range of 600 to 800°C, for example.
- Printing methods include, but are not limited to, gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, pad printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, brush painting, spin coating, etc.
- the display portion 4 it is preferable to form the display portion 4 after bending the second glass plate 2 . If the second glass plate 2 is bent after forming the display portion 4, which is a portion made of a ceramic color layer, the portion having the display portion 4 may not cool easily during slow cooling, whereas the portion not having the display portion 4 may cool easily. As a result, residual stress may be high in the region of the second glass plate 2 close to the display portion 4 after bending. However, this does not exclude in any way a mode in which the second glass plate 2 is bent after forming the display portion 4, which is a portion made of a ceramic color layer.
- the heat treatment for forming the ceramic color layer may be performed at a firing temperature equal to or higher than the annealing point of the glass plate, and the second glass plate 2 may be bent and shaped at the same time as the ceramic color layer is formed.
- a metal paste containing Ag may be applied onto the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 by printing or the like, and then fired.
- the printing method include, but are not limited to, gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, pad printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, brush coating, spin coating, and the like.
- the display section 4 before bending the second glass plate 2 in order to reduce distortion caused by residual stress.
- a display area 6 consisting of a dot pattern, an ink composition, a ceramic color composition, or a metal paste containing Ag is applied in a dot pattern on the main surface 2b of the second glass plate 2 by printing or the like, and then dried or fired.
- the light-shielding portion 5 When the light-shielding portion 5 is provided at a position overlapping the display portion 4 in a plan view, the light-shielding portion 5 is located closer to the first glass plate 1 than the display portion 4 .
- the light-shielding portion 5 may be provided on any of the main surface 1a or 1b of the first glass plate 1 and the main surface 2a or 2b of the second glass plate 2.
- the light-shielding portion 5 is located between the second glass plate 2 and the display portion 4.
- the light-shielding portion 5 is formed of an ink layer or a ceramic color layer, but due to differences in the pigments contained therein, the values of reflectance, lightness L *, etc. are different from those of the display portion 4.
- the light-shielding portion 5 can be formed by the same method as the display portion 4.
- the types of layers forming the display section 4 and the light-shielding section 5 may be the same or different.
- the display section 4 and the light-shielding section 5 may be sections that are light-shielded by an ink layer, or sections that are light-shielded by a ceramic color layer.
- the display section 4 may be a section that is light-shielded by an ink layer, and the light-shielding section 5 may be a section that is light-shielded by a ceramic color layer.
- the display section 4 may be a section that is light-shielded by a metal layer containing Ag, and the light-shielding section 5 may be a section that is light-shielded by a ceramic color layer.
- other combinations are also possible.
- the plurality of light-shielding units 5 may also form a light-shielding area consisting of a similar dot pattern in accordance with the display unit 4.
- the area of each dot of the light-shielding portion 5 constituting the light-shielding region is preferably 0.8 to 1.2 times the area of each dot of the display portion 4 that it overlaps in a plan view.
- the above area ratio is preferably 0.8 times or more.
- the above area ratio is preferably 1.2 times or less.
- first glass sheet 1 and the second glass sheet 2 are bent into a desired shape that is determined in advance based on design drawings, CAD data, or the like.
- the first glass sheet 1 and the second glass sheet 2 can be bent using a conventional method such as gravity forming.
- Gravity forming is a method in which a glass sheet is placed on a ring mold and passed through a heating furnace, where it is heated and softened, and then bent into the desired shape by gravity.
- a press forming method may also be used, in which the glass sheet is sandwiched between a male mold and a female mold and pressurized to form the glass sheet.
- a conventionally known method can be used for sandwiching the interlayer film 3 between the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2.
- the first glass plate 1, the interlayer film 3, and the second glass plate 2 are laminated in this order and bonded together.
- the laminate is placed in a rubber bag, a rubber chamber, a resin bag, or the like, and is then heated to bond it.
- the lamination method and the heating and temperature conditions for bonding can be selected as appropriate.
- bonding can be performed in a vacuum with a gauge pressure of -100 to -65 kPa and at a temperature range of 70 to 110°C.
- a bonding process in which heating and pressurization are performed under controlled conditions for example, at a temperature of 100 to 150°C and an absolute pressure of 0.6 to 1.5 MPa, can be performed to obtain laminated glass 10 with superior durability.
- this heating and pressurization process may be omitted in order to simplify the process and in consideration of the properties of the material to be filled into laminated glass 10.
- Cold bending a method called "cold bending" may be employed, in which at least one of the first glass plate 1 and the second glass plate 2 is joined in an elastically deformed state.
- Cold bending can be achieved by using a laminate consisting of the first glass plate 1, the intermediate film 3, and the second glass plate 2 fixed by a temporary fastening means such as tape, a conventionally known preliminary pressure bonding device such as a nip roller, a rubber bag, or a rubber chamber, and an autoclave.
- the present invention also relates to a glass plate having a pair of opposing main surfaces, one of which is provided with a display portion.
- the display portion of the glass plate according to this embodiment has a reflectance of 30% or more over the entire wavelength region of 420 to 700 nm, and the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the reflectance is 20% or less.
- the display portion in the glass plate according to this embodiment is the same as the display portion 4 in the above-mentioned "laminated glass", and the preferred aspects and manufacturing method are also the same.
- the glass plate according to this embodiment is a single plate that corresponds to the second glass plate 2 in the above-mentioned "laminated glass”.
- the display portion in this embodiment is preferably a portion made of, for example, an ink layer, a ceramic color layer, or a metal layer containing Ag. Moreover, the lightness L * value of the display portion is more preferably 50 or more.
- the glass plate according to this embodiment is suitable for use as side glass or rear glass in a vehicle, for example.
- Example 1 to 5 are working examples
- Example 6 is a comparative example.
- the glass plates in these test examples are single sheets of flat glass measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 2.0 mm thick, with a display portion formed thereon, and are not laminated glass.
- Test Example Example 1 A ceramic color composition containing a white pigment was applied by screen printing onto the bottom surface (the surface in contact with the molten metal in the float bath) of a flat glass plate measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 2.0 mm in thickness, and the plate was dried at 120°C for 15 minutes and then fired at 640°C for 240 seconds to obtain a glass plate having a display portion.
- the flat glass used was green glass, which was soda lime glass obtained by the float process.
- the ceramic color composition containing a white pigment was a paste-like composition made by mixing an inorganic component containing titanium oxide and glass frit as a white pigment with an organic component. After firing, a display part with a dot area ratio of 100% and a size of 90 mm x 90 mm was formed, and the thickness was 13.9 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 A ceramic color composition containing a black pigment was applied by screen printing onto the bottom surface of a flat glass plate measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 2.0 mm thick, and dried for 15 minutes at 120° C. Next, a ceramic color composition containing a white pigment was applied by screen printing onto the bottom surface, dried for 15 minutes at 120° C., and then fired for 240 seconds at 640° C. to obtain a glass plate having a light-shielding portion and a display portion. The same flat glass as in Example 1 was used.
- the ceramic color composition containing black pigment was a paste-like composition made of a mixture of an inorganic component containing copper chromium oxide and glass frit as black pigment, and an organic component. After firing, a light-shielding part and a display part with a dot area ratio of 100% and a size of 30 mm x 30 mm were formed, and the total thickness of them was 28.1 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 Ag paste (9903, manufactured by DuPont) was applied by screen printing onto the bottom surface of a flat glass plate measuring 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 2.0 mm thickness, and then dried at 120°C for 15 minutes and baked at 630°C for 400 seconds to obtain a glass plate with a display portion. The same flat glass as in Example 1 was used. After the Ag paste was baked, a display portion having a size of 90 mm ⁇ 90 mm, a dot area ratio of 100%, and a thickness of 10.7 ⁇ m was formed.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 2, a ceramic color composition containing a black pigment was applied by screen printing onto the bottom surface of a flat glass plate measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 2.0 mm thick, and dried for 15 minutes at 120° C. Next, Ag paste (9903, manufactured by DuPont) was applied thereon by screen printing, and fired at 630° C. for 400 seconds to obtain a glass plate having a light-shielding portion and a display portion. After the Ag paste was baked, a light-shielding portion and a display portion were formed, each having a size of 90 mm ⁇ 90 mm and a dot area ratio of 100%, and the total thickness of these portions was 19.8 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 An ink composition containing a white pigment was applied by spin coating onto the bottom surface of a flat glass plate measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 2.0 mm thick, and cured at 100°C for 30 minutes to obtain a glass plate having a display portion.
- the same flat glass as in Example 1 was used.
- the ink composition containing a white pigment was a liquid composition containing titanium oxide as a white pigment and a resin in an organic solvent. After curing, a display area of 90 mm x 90 mm with a dot area ratio of 100% was formed, and the thickness was 37.8 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 A ceramic color composition containing a black pigment was applied by screen printing to the bottom surface of a flat glass plate measuring 100 mm x 100 mm x 2.0 mm thick, and then dried at 120°C for 15 minutes and fired at 640°C for 240 seconds to obtain a glass plate having a display portion.
- the same flat glass as in Example 1 was used.
- the ceramic color composition containing black pigment was a paste-like composition made of a mixture of an inorganic component containing copper chromium oxide and glass frit as black pigment, and an organic component. After firing, a display part with a dot area ratio of 100% and a size of 30 mm x 30 mm was formed, and the thickness was 12.5 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ Surface roughness Ra> The arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the display portion of the obtained glass plate was measured in accordance with JIS B 0601:1994 using a stylus-type surface roughness measuring instrument (ACCRETECH, SURFCOM NEX 001 DX-12, manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in "Surface roughness Ra ( ⁇ m)" in "Display portion” of Table 1.
- Image visibility and shape clarity An image was projected onto the display portion of the obtained glass plate from the side on which the display portion was formed, using a projector with an illuminance of 1900 lx. The image projected onto the display portion was visually observed, and its visibility and shape clarity were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1 under "Image visibility (without external light)" and "Shape clarity.”
- the evaluation criteria for image visibility are as follows. ⁇ : The details of the projected image are clearly visible, very good. ⁇ : The details of the projected image are difficult to see, but the whole image is visible, good. ⁇ : The details of the projected image are difficult to see, but the whole image is slightly visible, fair. ⁇ : The whole projected image is difficult to see, poor.
- the evaluation criteria for shape clarity are as follows. ⁇ : The contour lines of the projected image are clearly visible, very good. ⁇ : The contour lines of the projected image are slightly curved but visible, good. ⁇ : Many of the contour lines of the projected image are curved but visible, fair. ⁇ : Many of the contour lines of the projected image are sharply curved and poor.
- An image was projected onto the display area of the glass plates obtained in Examples 1 and 2 from the side on which the display area was formed, using a projector with an illuminance of 1,900 lx.
- a light with an illuminance of 10,000 lx was irradiated from the side opposite the side on which the display area was formed of the glass plate, simulating the presence of external light.
- the image projected onto the display area was observed visually, and its visibility was evaluated. The results are shown in "Image visibility (with external light)" in Table 1.
- the evaluation criteria were the same as those for image visibility without external light.
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Abstract
Description
また、上記合わせガラスを得た後に、映像表示部の位置や反射率等の光学特性を変更することは、既にフィルムが封入され合わせガラスと一体化しているために難しい。
[1] 第1ガラス板と、前記第1ガラス板に対向する第2ガラス板と、前記第1ガラス板及び前記第2ガラス板の間に挟持された中間膜と、を有する合わせガラスであって、
前記第1ガラス板及び前記第2ガラス板は、それぞれ対向する一対の主面を有し、
前記第2ガラス板は、前記中間膜側とは反対側に位置する主面上に、表示部を有し、
前記表示部は、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が30%以上であり、前記反射率の最大値及び最小値の差が20%以下である、合わせガラス。
[2] 前記表示部は、インク層、セラミックカラー層、又はAgを含む金属層からなる部位である、前記[1]に記載の合わせガラス。
[3] 前記表示部の明度L*の値は50以上である、前記[2]に記載の合わせガラス。
[4] 前記第2ガラス板は、前記表示部を複数有し、
前記複数の表示部は、ドットパターンからなる表示領域を形成する、前記[1]~[3]のいずれか1に記載の合わせガラス。
[5] 平面視で、前記表示領域において前記表示部が占める面積の割合は13~50%である、前記[4]に記載の合わせガラス。
[6] 前記表示部の、波長420~700nmの反射率曲線は、全波長領域において単調減少を示す、前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1に記載の合わせガラス。
[7] 前記表示部の、波長420~700nmの反射率曲線は、全波長領域において単調増加を示す、前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1に記載の合わせガラス。
[8] 前記表示部の表面粗さRaは1.0μm以下である、前記[1]~[7]のいずれか1に記載の合わせガラス。
[9] 平面視において、前記表示部に重なる位置に遮光部を有し、
前記遮光部は、前記表示部よりも前記第1ガラス板側に位置し、かつ、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が10%以下である、前記[1]~[8]のいずれか1に記載の合わせガラス。
[10] 前記遮光部の明度L*の値は35以下である、前記[9]に記載の合わせガラス。
[11] 前記表示部は、前記第1ガラス板側とは反対側からの投影像を、前記表示部において反射して情報を表示する、前記[1]~[10]のいずれか1に記載の合わせガラス。
[12] 車両に用いられ、
前記第1ガラス板が車外側になるように設置される、前記[1]~[11]のいずれか1に記載の合わせガラス。
[13] フロントガラスに用いられる、前記[12]に記載の合わせガラス。
一方の主面上に、表示部が設けられ、
前記表示部は、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が30%以上であり、前記反射率の最大値及び最小値の差が20%以下である、ガラス板。
[15] 前記表示部は、インク層、セラミックカラー層、又はAgを含む金属層からなる部位である、前記[14]に記載のガラス板。
[16] 前記表示部の明度L*の値は50以上である、前記[15]に記載のガラス板。
本実施形態に係る説明において図面を参照するが、各図面において同一の又は対応する構成には同一の符号を付し、説明を省略することがある。また、図面に記載の実施形態は、本発明を明瞭に説明するために模式化されており、実際の製品のサイズや縮尺を必ずしも正確に表したものではない。
図1に、本実施形態に係る合わせガラスの一態様として、合わせガラス10が車両用のフロントガラスに用いられる場合の模式平面図を示す。図2は、図1のA-A線断面図である。本実施形態に係る合わせガラス10は、例えば図2に示すように、第1ガラス板1と、第1ガラス板1に対向する第2ガラス板2と、第1ガラス板1及び第2ガラス板2の間に挟持された中間膜3と、を有する。
第1ガラス板1及び第2ガラス板2は、それぞれ対向する一対の主面を有する。第2ガラス板2は、中間膜3側とは反対側に位置する主面2b上に、表示部4を有する。
本実施形態における表示部4は、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が30%以上である。
波長420~700nmとは、可視光領域を意味する。上記反射率が30%以上であることにより、投影像の視認性が良好となる。そのため、外光がある場合でも、投影像の視認性に優れる。
なお、本明細書における波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率は、入射光を2度とし、単方向照明方式のうち環状照明を用いた45°c:0°分光測色計を用いて、波長420~700nmの波長領域について、10nm間隔で反射率を測定した際の値を用いる。また、本明細書において、外光がある場合とは、合わせガラスに対して外側、すなわち第1ガラス板1側から入ってくる光の照度が3000lx以上である場合を意味する。
なお、本明細書における明度L*とは、国際照明委員会(CIE)で規格化されたCIE 1976(L*a*b*)色空間(CIELAB)における明度指数L*値を意味する。明度L*は、0に近いほど黒く、100に近いほど白くなる。
表示部4は、図1及び図2に示すように、網点100%、すなわち、べた塗りでもよい。べた塗りとは、第2ガラス板2が見えないように隙間なく塗りつぶされた状態を意味する。この場合には、表示部4と表示領域6とは同一となる。
表示部4を網点100%で設ける場合には、表示部4は第2ガラス板2の主面2b上の一部の領域に設けられ、それ以外の表示部4を設けない領域では外界を視認できるようにする。
なお、上記外界の視認性の指標としては、合わせガラス20の周縁部を除く領域の、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における透過率が70%以上となるように、上記網点の面積比率を設定することが好ましい。
なお、表示領域6は、大きさや形状が異なる2種以上のドットが混在してもよい。
上記のように、表示領域6に像を投影する場合には、網点の面積比率等の調整により車内側からの外界の良好な視認性も確保できる。
なお、表示部4の厚みは、JIS B 0601:1994年に準拠し、表面粗さ測定機を用いた触針式の測定により得られる値である。
なお、本明細書における表面粗さRaとは、JIS B 0601:1994年に準拠し、表面粗さ測定機を用いた触針式の測定により得られる算術平均粗さRaの値である。
表示部4がセラミックカラー層からなる部位である場合には、結晶化度やセラミックカラー組成物の粒径によって表面粗さRaを調整できる。
表示部4がAgを含む金属層からなる部位である場合には、組成物の粒径によって表面粗さRaを調整できる。
上記単調減少は、表示部4がインク層又はセラミックカラー層からなる部位である際に見られる傾向にある。
上記単調増加は、表示部4がAgを含む金属層からなる部位である際に見られる傾向にある。
インク層は、第2ガラス板2の主面2b上に形成しやすく、表示部4の生産性や、表示部4を形成する位置の自由度の高さの観点から好ましい。
白色顔料としては、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等が挙げられる。
具体的には、ポリウレタン系樹脂、フェノール系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂、尿素メラミン系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、メタクリル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルサルフォン、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン(ABS)樹脂、透明ABS樹脂、セルロース類、ポリアセタール等の公知の樹脂が挙げられる。
また、樹脂は、ホモポリマーからなる樹脂でも、これらの樹脂のモノマーと共重合可能なモノマーとのコポリマーからなる樹脂でもよい。バインダーは、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
このような熱硬化性樹脂として、上記で示した樹脂の中では、例えばアクリル系樹脂、シリコーン系樹脂等が挙げられる。
アルコール類としては、例えばイソプロピルアルコール、メタノール、エタノール等を使用できる。エステル類としては、例えば酢酸エチル等を使用できる。ケトン類としては、例えばメチルエチルケトンを使用できる。芳香族炭化水素系溶剤としては、例えばトルエン、キシレン、ソルベッソ(Solvesso)(商標)100,150等を使用できる。脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤としては、例えばヘキサン等を使用できる。
溶剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
セラミックカラー層は、第2ガラス板2の主面2bに対して接合され、第2ガラス板2からの剥離を防げるため好ましい。
ガラスフリットの粒径D50は、体積基準の粒度分布の累積メジアン径D50であり、レーザー回折散乱法により測定される。
白色顔料としては、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等が挙げられる。
フィラーとしては、例えば結晶化促進剤や、低膨張フィラーと称されるものが挙げられる。
低膨張フィラーは、従来公知のものを使用でき、例えば、コージェライト、ジルコン、アルミナ、チタニア、リン酸ジルコニウム、シリカ、フォルステライト等が挙げられる。これらのうち1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
中でも、コージェライト、ジルコン及びシリカからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含有することがさらに好ましい。
Agを含む金属層は、表示部4として必要な光学特性を満たせば、Ag以外の金属等の他の成分を含んでいてもよい。
Ag以外の金属としては、例えば、Al、Cr、Mo、In、Ni、Ta、Ti、Cu、W、Sn、Co等が挙げられる。
また、Agを含む金属層を形成した後に、フォトリソグラフィやエッチング等によりパターン加工してもよい。
図5及び図6に示すように、本実施形態に係る合わせガラス30、40は、平面視において、表示部4に重なる位置に遮光部5を有していてもよい。遮光部5は、表示部4よりも第1ガラス板1側に位置する。
遮光部5の波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率は、10%以下が好ましい。
図2に示すように、本実施形態における中間膜3は、第1ガラス板1と第2ガラス板2とを接着する膜である。すなわち、中間膜3は、第1ガラス板1の主面1bと、第2ガラス板2の主面2aとの間に挟持される。
第1ガラス板1及び第2ガラス板2の外周となる端面からの、中間膜3の飛び出し量は、良好な外観を得る観点から150μm以下が好ましい。
これらの熱可塑性樹脂は、単独で用いても、2種類以上を併用してもよい。なお、上記例示における「可塑化」とは、可塑剤の添加により可塑化されていることを意味する。
可塑剤を含有していない樹脂としては、例えば、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)系樹脂等が挙げられる。
上記ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂は、単独で用いても、2種類以上を併用してもよい。
また、中間膜3は、シェードバンドと呼ばれる着色部を有してもよい。
これらの着色顔料は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上を併用してもよい。
中間膜3が複数の層からなる場合、中間膜3に含まれる各層は、同一の材料又は異なる材料で形成されてもよく、同一の材料で形成されることが好ましい。
異なる材料で形成される場合であっても、第1ガラス板1及び第2ガラス板2との接着性や、合わせガラス10の中に入れ込む機能性材料の保護等の観点から、中間膜3の膜厚の50%以上は、熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。
なお、各層のせん断弾性率は、可塑剤を調整すること等により調整できる。
本実施形態における第1ガラス板1及び第2ガラス板2は、それぞれ無機ガラスでも有機ガラスでもよい。また、第1ガラス板1と第2ガラス板2とは、同じものを用いても異なるものを用いてもよく、その大きさや厚みについても同じであっても異なってもよい。
未強化ガラスは、溶融ガラスを平板状に成形し、徐冷したものである。
強化ガラスは、未強化ガラスの表面に圧縮応力層を形成したものである。なお、強化ガラスの場合は、応力を等方的に分布させることで残留応力を小さくできる。
グリーンガラスは、透明度の高いガラスである。波長420~700nmの全波長領域におけるグリーンガラスの透過率は、例えば、板厚が1.6~2.0mmの場合において83~88%程度である。
クリアガラスは、グリーンガラスよりもさらに透明度の高いガラスである。波長420~700nmの全波長領域におけるクリアガラスの透過率は、例えば、板厚が1.8~2.0mmの場合において88~92%程度である。
ここで、得られる合わせガラス10を車両に用いた場合に、耐飛び石性能等の十分な強度を得る観点から、上記板厚は1.1mm以上が好ましく、1.8mm以上がより好ましい。また、得られる合わせガラス10の総重量の観点、特に、車両に用いた場合の燃費向上の観点から、上記板厚は3mm以下が好ましく、2.8mm以下がより好ましく、2.6mm以下がさらに好ましく、2.2mm以下がよりさらに好ましく、2.1mm以下が特に好ましい。
ここで、ハンドリング性の観点及び曲がりが深いガラスとした際の第1ガラス板1と圧着後の残留応力等のガラス品質の観点から、上記板厚は0.3mm以上が好ましく、0.5mm以上がより好ましく、0.7mmm以上がさらに好ましい。また、得られる合わせガラス10の総重量の観点及び上記ガラス品質の観点から、上記板厚は2.3mm以下が好ましく、2.2mm以下がより好ましく、2.1mm以下がさらに好ましい。
また、可視光領域の光の透過率を高めると共に、副像を目立たなくする観点からは、上記板厚は2.0mm以下が好ましく、1.8mm以下がより好ましい。副像とは、第2ガラス板2の中間膜3側の主面2aで反射する光と、表示部4で反射・散乱した光とにより生じる二重像を意味する。
これに対し、本実施形態に係る合わせガラス10、20は、表示部4又は表示領域6に像を投影した際に、当該表示部4又は表示領域6において光を散乱させることができるので、投影装置は大容量を必要としない。そこで、ヘッドアップディスプレイ部分と表示部4又は表示領域6とで表示コンテンツを選別することにより、投影装置全体としての容量を削減できる。
上記膜やデバイスの機能としては、撥水、防曇、遮熱、低反射、赤外線反射、赤外線カット、発光、発電、調光、タッチパネル、可視光反射、可視光低減、散乱、加飾、吸収等が挙げられる。上記膜やデバイスは、従来公知のものを使用できる。
また、低反射特性を有する被膜を設けることにより、可視光線透過率を向上させつつ、表示領域6越しに外界の風景等を視認しやすくする。
高屈折率層としては、Zn、Sn、Ti、Nb、Zr、Ni、In、Al、Ce、W、Mo、Sb若しくはBiの酸化物又は混合酸化物、又はSi、Al、Zr、B、Y、Ce若しくはLaの窒化物又は酸窒化物等が挙げられる。高屈折率層の波長550nmにおける屈折率は、1.8以上が好ましく、2.0以上がより好ましい。
本実施形態に係る合わせガラス10は、構成するガラス板の枚数が3枚以上からなる合わせガラスであってもよいが、軽量化の観点からは、2枚が好ましい。
合わせガラス10を構成するガラス板の枚数が3枚以上である場合、最も車内側に位置するガラス板は第2ガラス板2が好ましい。
ここで、特許文献1に開示されるような映像表示透明部材は、合わせガラスに可視光線透過率が高い透明フィルムを封入する際に、透明フィルムにしわが発生するおそれがある。しわが発生すると、外界の光景や投影像が歪んで見えるため、視認性が低下する。
これに対して、本実施形態に係る合わせガラス10、20は、そもそも合わせガラスに透明フィルムを封入する必要がないため、外界の光景や投影像の視認性が良好である。
表示部4をAgを含む金属層からなる部位とする場合には、Agが固定されやすいことから、第2ガラス板2の主面2bを錫濃度が高い側とすることが好ましく、第1ガラス板の主面1b及び第2ガラス板2の主面2bを錫濃度が高い側とすることがより好ましい。
本実施形態に係る合わせガラス10の製造方法は特に限定されない。
例えば、第2ガラス板2の中間膜3側とは反対側に位置する主面2b上に、表示部4と、必要に応じて任意の遮光部5等を設けた後に、第1ガラス板1及び中間膜3と合わせて、合わせガラス10を得てもよい。
また、従来公知の方法を採用して合わせガラスを得た後に、第2ガラス板2の主面2b上に表示部4と、必要に応じて任意の遮光部5等を設けることで、合わせガラス10を得てもよい。
印刷方法は、例えば、グラビア印刷法、フレキソ印刷法、オフセット印刷法、凸版印刷法、スクリーン印刷法、パッド印刷法、スプレー印刷法、インクジェット印刷法、刷毛塗り、スピンコート法等が挙げられ、特に限定されない。
具体的には、第2ガラス板2の主面2b上に、セラミックカラー組成物を印刷等により塗布し、焼成する。焼成は、例えば600~800℃の範囲で行う。
セラミックカラー層からなる部位である表示部4を形成した後に第2ガラス板2を曲げ成形すると、徐冷する際に、表示部4が設けられた部分は冷えにくく、表示部4が設けられていない部分は冷えやすい場合がある。その結果、曲げ成形後の第2ガラス板2における表示部4に近い領域では、残留応力が高くなることがある。ただし、セラミックカラー層からなる部位である表示部4を形成した後に第2ガラス板2を曲げ成形する態様を何ら排除するものではない。
印刷方法は、例えば、グラビア印刷法、フレキソ印刷法、オフセット印刷法、凸版印刷法、スクリーン印刷法、パッド印刷法、スプレー印刷法、インクジェット印刷法、刷毛塗り、スピンコート法等が挙げられ、特に限定されない。
遮光部5は、第1ガラス板1の主面1a上、主面1b上、第2ガラス板2の主面2a上、主面2b上のいずれに設けられていてもよい。第2ガラス板2の主面2b上に遮光部5が設けられている場合、遮光部5は、第2ガラス板2と表示部4との間に位置することとなる。
この場合、遮光領域を構成する遮光部5の各ドットの面積は、平面視において重なる表示部4の各ドットの面積の0.8~1.2倍が好ましい。合わせガラス10の表示部4に像を投影した際の画像の視認性の観点から、上記面積比は0.8倍以上が好ましい。また、本実施形態に係る合わせガラス10を車両に用いた際の、車外側からの審美性の観点から、上記面積比は1.2倍以下が好ましい。
第1ガラス板1及び第2ガラス板2は、設計図やCADデータなどによって予め定められた所望の形状に曲げ成形される。
具体的には、ゴム袋やラバーチャンバー、樹脂製の袋等の中に積層体を入れ、加熱することで接着する。
本発明は、対向する一対の主面を有し、一方の主面上に、表示部が設けられたガラス板にも関する。
本実施形態に係るガラス板における表示部は、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が30%以上であり、前記反射率の最大値及び最小値の差が20%以下である。
また、表示部の明度L*の値は50以上がより好ましい。
〈例1〉
100mm×100mm×板厚2.0mmの平板状ガラスのボトム面(フロートバス内の溶融金属との接触面)上に、白色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物をスクリーン印刷により塗布し、120℃で15分間乾燥した後、640℃で240秒間焼成を行うことで、表示部を有するガラス板を得た。
平板状ガラスは、フロート法により得られたソーダライムガラスであるグリーンガラスを用いた。
白色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物は、白色顔料として酸化チタン及びガラスフリットを含む無機成分と、有機成分との混合体としたペースト状の組成物を用いた。焼成後には90mm×90mmである網点の面積比率が100%の表示部が形成され、その厚みは13.9μmであった。
100mm×100mm×板厚2.0mmの平板状ガラスのボトム面上に、黒色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物をスクリーン印刷により塗布し、120℃で15分間乾燥した。次いで、その上に、白色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物をスクリーン印刷により塗布し、120℃で15分間乾燥した後、640℃で240秒間焼成を行うことで、遮光部及び表示部を有するガラス板を得た。
平板状ガラスは、例1と同じものを用いた。
黒色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物は、黒色顔料として銅クロム系酸化物及びガラスフリットを含む無機成分と、有機成分との混合体としたペースト状の組成物を用いた。焼成後には30mm×30mmである網点の面積比率が100%の遮光部及び表示部が形成され、それらの合計の厚みは28.1μmであった。
100mm×100mm×板厚2.0mmの平板状ガラスのボトム面上に、Agペースト(DuPont社製、9903)をスクリーン印刷により塗布し、120℃で15分間乾燥した後、630℃で400秒間焼成を行うことで、表示部を有するガラス板を得た。
平板状ガラスは、例1と同じものを用いた。
Agペーストの焼成後には90mm×90mmである網点の面積比率が100%の表示部が形成され、その厚みは10.7μmであった。
例2と同様にして、100mm×100mm×板厚2.0mmの平板状ガラスのボトム面上に、黒色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物をスクリーン印刷により塗布し、120℃で15分間乾燥した。次いで、その上に、Agペースト(DuPont社製、9903)をスクリーン印刷により塗布し、630℃で400秒間焼成を行うことで、遮光部及び表示部を有するガラス板を得た。
Agペーストの焼成後には90mm×90mmである網点の面積比率が100%の遮光部及び表示部が形成され、それらの合計の厚みは19.8μmであった。
100mm×100mm×板厚2.0mmの平板状ガラスのボトム面上に、白色顔料を含むインク組成物をスピンコートにより塗布し、100℃で30分間硬化を行うことで、表示部を有するガラス板を得た。
平板状ガラスは、例1と同じものを用いた。
白色顔料を含むインク組成物は、有機溶剤中に、白色顔料として酸化チタンと、樹脂とを含む液状の組成物を用いた。硬化後には90mm×90mmである網点の面積比率が100%の表示部が形成され、その厚みは37.8μmであった。
100mm×100mm×板厚2.0mmの平板状ガラスのボトム面上に、黒色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物をスクリーン印刷により塗布し、120℃で15分間乾燥した後、640℃で240秒間焼成を行うことで、表示部を有するガラス板を得た。
平板状ガラスは、例1と同じものを用いた。
黒色顔料を含むセラミックカラー組成物は、黒色顔料として銅クロム系酸化物及びガラスフリットとを含む無機成分と、有機成分との混合体としたペースト状の組成物を用いた。焼成後には30mm×30mmである網点の面積比率が100%の表示部が形成され、その厚みは12.5μmであった。
〈反射率〉
得られたガラス板における表示部に対し、表示部が形成されている側から、45°c:0°分光測色計(コニカミノルタ製、CM-25cG)を用いて、波長360~740nmの波長範囲で10nmごとの反射率を測定した。
そのうち、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率の最小値と、最大値及び最小値の差を求めた。結果を表1の「表示部」における、「最小反射率(%)」及び「反射率の最大差(%)」に示す。
なお、例1及び例2の反射率曲線は単調減少を示し、例3及び例4の反射率曲線は単調増加を示した。
得られたガラス板における表示部に対し、表示部が形成されている側から、分光測色計(コニカミノルタ製、CM-25cG)を用いて、JIS Z 8781-4:2013年に準拠して測定されるL*a*b*表色系における明度L*の値を求めた。光源はD65とした。結果を表1の「表示部」における「明度L*」に示す。
得られたガラス板における表示部に対し、触針式の表面粗さ測定機((株)東京精密製、ACCRETECH、SURFCOM NEX 001 DX-12)を用いて、JIS B 0601:1994年に準拠して算術平均粗さRaを求めた。結果を表1の「表示部」における「表面粗さRa(μm)」に示す。
得られたガラス板の表示部に対し、表示部が形成されている側から、照度1900lxのプロジェクターを用いて、映像を投影した。表示部に投影された像を目視にて観察し、その視認性及び形状明瞭性の評価を行った。結果を表1の「画像視認性(外光なし)」及び「形状明瞭性」に示す。
◎:投影された像の細部まではっきりと視認でき、非常に良好
○:投影された像の細部まで視認することは難しいが全体を視認でき、良好
△:投影された像の細部まで視認することは難しいが全体をわずかに視認でき、可
×:投影された像の全体を視認することは難しく、不良
◎:投影された像の輪郭線がはっきりと視認でき、非常に良好
○:投影された像の輪郭線がわずかに湾曲しているが視認でき、良好
△:投影された像の輪郭線の多くが湾曲しているが視認でき、可
×:投影された像の輪郭線の多くが急峻に湾曲し、不良
◎:上記合計点が5~6点
○:上記合計点が4点
△:上記合計点が2~3点
×:上記合計点が0~1点
また、表示部がセラミックカラー層からなる部位である際に、遮光部を設けることで外光がある際の視認性が向上していることが分かった(例1及び例2)。表示部がインク層からなる部位である場合にも、同様の結果が得られるものと想定される。
また、表示部の表面粗さRaを1.0μm以下の適切な範囲とすることにより、投影像の形状明瞭性も良好となることが分かった。
2 第2ガラス板
3 中間膜
4 表示部
5 遮光部
6 表示領域
10、20、30、40 合わせガラス
Claims (16)
- 第1ガラス板と、前記第1ガラス板に対向する第2ガラス板と、前記第1ガラス板及び前記第2ガラス板の間に挟持された中間膜と、を有する合わせガラスであって、
前記第1ガラス板及び前記第2ガラス板は、それぞれ対向する一対の主面を有し、
前記第2ガラス板は、前記中間膜側とは反対側に位置する主面上に、表示部を有し、
前記表示部は、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が30%以上であり、前記反射率の最大値及び最小値の差が20%以下である、合わせガラス。 - 前記表示部は、インク層、セラミックカラー層、又はAgを含む金属層からなる部位である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記表示部の明度L*の値は50以上である、請求項2に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記第2ガラス板は、前記表示部を複数有し、
前記複数の表示部は、ドットパターンからなる表示領域を形成する、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。 - 平面視で、前記表示領域において前記表示部が占める面積の割合は13~50%である、請求項4に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記表示部の、波長420~700nmの反射率曲線は、全波長領域において単調減少を示す、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記表示部の、波長420~700nmの反射率曲線は、全波長領域において単調増加を示す、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記表示部の表面粗さRaは1.0μm以下である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 平面視において、前記表示部に重なる位置に遮光部を有し、
前記遮光部は、前記表示部よりも前記第1ガラス板側に位置し、かつ、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が10%以下である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。 - 前記遮光部の明度L*の値は35以下である、請求項9に記載の合わせガラス。
- 前記表示部は、前記第1ガラス板側とは反対側からの投影像を、前記表示部において反射して情報を表示する、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス。
- 車両に用いられ、
前記第1ガラス板が車外側になるように設置される、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス。 - フロントガラスに用いられる、請求項12に記載の合わせガラス。
- 対向する一対の主面を有するガラス板であって、
一方の主面上に、表示部が設けられ、
前記表示部は、波長420~700nmの全波長領域における反射率が30%以上であり、前記反射率の最大値及び最小値の差が20%以下である、ガラス板。 - 前記表示部は、インク層、セラミックカラー層、又はAgを含む金属層からなる部位である、請求項14に記載のガラス板。
- 前記表示部の明度L*の値は50以上である、請求項15に記載のガラス板。
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| JPH0359336U (ja) * | 1989-10-09 | 1991-06-11 | ||
| JPH04131530U (ja) * | 1991-05-29 | 1992-12-03 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 多色表示ヘツドアツプデイスプレイ用ガラス |
| US6137630A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-10-24 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Thin-film multilayer systems for use in a head-up display |
| JP2021508378A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-03-04 | サン−ゴバン グラス フランス | p偏光成分を有するヘッドアップディスプレイ(HUD)用投影設備 |
| JP2022023551A (ja) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-08 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置、ミラー部材 |
| WO2022073894A1 (de) * | 2020-10-05 | 2022-04-14 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Fahrzeugscheibe für head-up-display |
| WO2022179817A1 (de) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Projektionsanordnung mit einer verbundscheibe und p-polarisierter strahlung |
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2024
- 2024-04-24 WO PCT/JP2024/016176 patent/WO2024232279A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-04-24 CN CN202480015758.4A patent/CN120813553A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0359336U (ja) * | 1989-10-09 | 1991-06-11 | ||
| JPH04131530U (ja) * | 1991-05-29 | 1992-12-03 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 多色表示ヘツドアツプデイスプレイ用ガラス |
| US6137630A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-10-24 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Thin-film multilayer systems for use in a head-up display |
| JP2021508378A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2021-03-04 | サン−ゴバン グラス フランス | p偏光成分を有するヘッドアップディスプレイ(HUD)用投影設備 |
| JP2022023551A (ja) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-08 | 株式会社デンソー | ヘッドアップディスプレイ装置、ミラー部材 |
| WO2022073894A1 (de) * | 2020-10-05 | 2022-04-14 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Fahrzeugscheibe für head-up-display |
| WO2022179817A1 (de) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Projektionsanordnung mit einer verbundscheibe und p-polarisierter strahlung |
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