WO2024111158A1 - 表面処理鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
表面処理鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024111158A1 WO2024111158A1 PCT/JP2023/025346 JP2023025346W WO2024111158A1 WO 2024111158 A1 WO2024111158 A1 WO 2024111158A1 JP 2023025346 W JP2023025346 W JP 2023025346W WO 2024111158 A1 WO2024111158 A1 WO 2024111158A1
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- steel sheet
- treated steel
- oxide
- coating layer
- aqueous solution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D9/00—Electrolytic coating other than with metals
- C25D9/04—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials
- C25D9/08—Electrolytic coating other than with metals with inorganic materials by cathodic processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface-treated steel sheet, and in particular to a surface-treated steel sheet that has excellent sulfide staining resistance when painted, adhesion to a paint film in a wet environment, and appearance.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention can be suitably used for containers such as cans.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the surface-treated steel sheet.
- Sn-plated steel sheet (tinplate), a type of surface-treated steel sheet, has excellent corrosion resistance, weldability, and workability, a bright and beautiful appearance, and is easy to manufacture, so it is widely used as a material for various metal cans such as beverage cans, food cans, pail cans, 18-liter cans, and art cans.
- Sn-plated steel sheets used in these applications are required to have excellent adhesion to paint, as well as excellent resistance (resistance to sulfur blackening) to discoloration caused by the reaction between Sn and sulfur derived from the contents of the can (particularly proteins). For this reason, Sn-plated steel sheets are generally subjected to a chromate treatment to improve paint adhesion and resistance to sulfur blackening.
- Chromate treatment is a type of surface treatment that uses a treatment solution containing chromium compounds such as chromic acid or chromates.
- chromium compounds such as chromic acid or chromates.
- the chromate treatment involves cathodic electrolysis in an electrolyte solution containing a hexavalent chromium compound, forming a metallic chromium layer and a chromium oxide layer on the surface of the steel sheet.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a surface-treated steel sheet in which a coating containing a zirconium compound is formed on the surface of a Sn-plated steel sheet.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a method for forming a surface treatment layer consisting of a metallic chromium layer and a chromium oxide layer on the surface of a Sn-plated steel sheet by performing cathodic electrolysis in an electrolyte containing trivalent chromium ions.
- the surface-treated steel sheet proposed in Patent Document 4 can be formed without chromate treatment. Furthermore, according to Patent Document 4, the surface-treated steel sheet has excellent resistance to sulfur blackening and paint film adhesion.
- Patent Document 4 the coating adhesion is evaluated under milder conditions than the actual environment of the can.
- the surface-treated steel sheet proposed in Patent Document 4 has insufficient adhesion to paint under more severe conditions, i.e., a wet environment (hereinafter referred to as "coating secondary adhesion").
- the method proposed in Patent Document 5 it is possible to form a surface treatment layer without using hexavalent chromium.
- the surface-treated steel sheet obtained by the above method has excellent secondary paint adhesion and resistance to sulfur blackening under harsh conditions similar to the environment of an actual can.
- the surface-treated steel sheet manufactured by the method proposed in Patent Document 5 loses the bright and beautiful metallic luster inherent to tinplate and has a poor appearance.
- the reality is that a surface-treated steel sheet that can be manufactured without using hexavalent chromium and that combines excellent resistance to blackening due to sulfuration, secondary paint adhesion, and appearance has yet to be realized.
- the present invention was made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a surface-treated steel sheet that can be manufactured without using hexavalent chromium and that combines excellent resistance to sulfide blackening, secondary paint adhesion, and appearance.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted extensive research to achieve the above objective, and as a result, have come to the following findings (1) and (2).
- a surface-treated steel sheet having a coating layer containing at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide on a Ni-containing layer the water contact angle and the total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface to all elements can be controlled within a specific range, thereby obtaining a surface-treated steel sheet that combines excellent resistance to sulfide blackening, secondary paint adhesion, and appearance.
- the above-mentioned surface-treated steel sheet can be produced by forming a coating, adjusting the surface under specified conditions, and then performing a final water wash using water whose electrical conductivity is equal to or lower than a specified value.
- the present invention was completed based on the above findings.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows:
- At least one surface of the steel plate is A Ni-containing layer; A surface-treated steel sheet having a coating layer containing at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide, the coating layer being disposed on the Ni-containing layer, The water contact angle is 50° or less, A surface-treated steel sheet having a total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface to all elements of 5.0% or less.
- Ni-containing layer has a Ni coating weight of 0.1 to 20.0 g/ m2 per one side of the steel sheet.
- a method for producing a surface-treated steel sheet having a Ni-containing layer on at least one surface of the steel sheet, and a coating layer containing at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide disposed on the Ni-containing layer comprising: a coating forming step of treating a surface of a steel sheet having a Ni-containing layer on at least one surface thereof with an aqueous solution containing at least one of Zr ions and Ti ions to form the coating layer on the Ni-containing layer; a surface conditioning step of maintaining the aqueous solution on the surface of the coating layer in a state in which the aqueous solution is present in an amount of more than 30.0 g/ m2 and not more than 60.0 g/ m2 for 0.1 to 20.0 seconds; and a water washing step of washing the steel sheet after the surface conditioning step at least once with water, In the water washing step, A method for producing a surface-treated steel sheet, comprising using water having an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less in at least the final water washing.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a surface-treated steel sheet that combines excellent resistance to blackening due to sulfurization, secondary paint adhesion, and appearance without using hexavalent chromium.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention can be suitably used as a material for containers, etc.
- the surface-treated steel sheet has a Ni-containing layer on at least one surface of the steel sheet, and a coating layer disposed on the Ni-containing layer, the coating layer containing at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide.
- the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet is 50° or less, and that the total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface to all elements is 5.0% or less.
- the steel sheet is not particularly limited and any steel sheet can be used, but it is preferable to use a steel sheet for cans.
- the steel sheet can be, for example, an ultra-low carbon steel sheet or a low carbon steel sheet.
- the manufacturing method of the steel sheet is also not particularly limited and any steel sheet manufactured by any method can be used, but usually a cold-rolled steel sheet can be used.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet can be manufactured by a general manufacturing process that includes, for example, hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, annealing, and temper rolling.
- the composition of the steel plate is not particularly limited, but the steel plate may contain C, Mn, Cr, P, S, Si, Cu, Ni, Mo, Al, and unavoidable impurities within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a steel plate having a composition specified in ASTM A623M-09 can be suitably used as the steel plate.
- C in weight percent: C: 0.0001 to 0.13%, Si: 0 to 0.020%, Mn: 0.01 to 0.60% P: 0 to 0.020%, S: 0 to 0.030%, Al: 0 to 0.20%, N: 0 to 0.040%, Cu: 0 to 0.20%, Ni: 0 to 0.15%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, Mo: 0 to 0.05%, Ti: 0 to 0.020%, Nb: 0 to 0.020%, B: 0 to 0.020%, Ca: 0 to 0.020%, Sn: 0 to 0.020%, Sb: 0 to 0.020%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the lower the content of Si, P, S, Al, and N the more preferable the components are, and Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb, B, Ca, Sn, and Sb are components that may be added as desired.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the steel plate is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the thickness is 0.10 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the thickness is 0.60 mm or less.
- “steel plate” is defined to include “steel strip”.
- the Ni-containing layer may be provided on at least one surface of the steel plate, or may be provided on both surfaces.
- the Ni-containing layer may cover at least a portion of the steel plate, or may cover the entire surface on which the Ni-containing layer is provided.
- the Ni-containing layer may be a continuous layer or a discontinuous layer.
- An example of the discontinuous layer is a layer having an island structure.
- the Ni-containing layer may be any layer that contains nickel, for example, a Ni layer and/or a Ni alloy layer.
- a Ni alloy layer formed by a diffusion annealing treatment after Ni plating is also included in the Ni alloy layer.
- an example of the Ni alloy layer is a Ni-Fe alloy layer.
- Ni-containing layer is preferably a Ni-based plating layer.
- Ni-based plating layer is defined as a plating layer having a Ni content of 50 mass% or more.
- the Ni-based plating layer is a plating layer made of a Ni plating layer or a Ni-based alloy.
- the Ni-based plating layer may be a dispersion plating layer (composite plating layer) in which solid fine particles are dispersed in Ni or Ni-based alloy as a matrix.
- the solid fine particles are not particularly limited and fine particles of any material can be used.
- the fine particles may be either inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles. Examples of the organic fine particles include fine particles made of resin.
- the resin can be any resin, but it is preferable to use fluororesin, and it is more preferable to use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- the inorganic fine particles are not particularly limited and fine particles made of any inorganic material can be used.
- the inorganic material may be, for example, a metal (including an alloy), a compound, or another simple substance.
- fine particles made of at least one selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, and carbides, and it is preferable to use fine particles of metal oxides.
- the metal oxides include aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.
- the particle size of the fine particles used in the dispersion plating is not particularly limited, and particles of any size can be used. However, it is preferable that the diameter of the fine particles does not exceed the thickness of the dispersion plating layer as the Ni-containing layer. Typically, the diameter of the fine particles is preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more. In addition, the diameter of the fine particles is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 1000 nm or less.
- the Ni deposition amount in the Ni-containing layer is not particularly limited and may be any amount. However, from the viewpoint of further improving the appearance and corrosion resistance of the surface-treated steel sheet, it is preferable that the Ni deposition amount is 20.0 g/ m2 or less per one side of the steel sheet. From the same viewpoint, it is preferable that the Ni deposition amount is 0.1 g/ m2 or more, and more preferably 0.2 g/ m2 or more. Moreover, from the viewpoint of further improving the workability, it is even more preferable that the Ni deposition amount is 1.0 g/ m2 or more.
- the Ni adhesion amount of the Ni-containing layer is measured by a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays. First, multiple steel plates with known Ni adhesion amounts are prepared, and the fluorescent X-ray intensity derived from Ni is measured for the steel plates in advance. The relationship between the measured fluorescent X-ray intensity and the Ni adhesion amount is linearly approximated to create a calibration curve. Next, the fluorescent X-ray intensity derived from Ni of the surface-treated steel plate is measured, and the Ni adhesion amount of the Ni-containing layer can be obtained using the above-mentioned calibration curve.
- the method for forming the Ni-containing layer is not particularly limited, and any method, such as electroplating, can be used.
- the Ni layer can be formed on the steel sheet surface by electroplating or other methods, and then annealing to form the Ni-Fe alloy layer.
- the surface side of the Ni-containing layer may contain Ni oxides or may not contain any at all, but from the viewpoint of further improving the secondary paint adhesion and resistance to sulfide blackening, it is preferable that the surface side of the Ni-containing layer does not contain Ni oxides.
- Ni oxides can also be formed by dissolved oxygen contained in the rinsing water after Ni plating, but it is preferable to remove the Ni oxides contained in the Ni-containing layer by pretreatment, which will be described later.
- a coating layer containing at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide is present on the Ni-containing layer.
- the inclusion of at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide in the coating layer is necessary to obtain excellent resistance to sulfur blackening, secondary paint adhesion, and appearance.
- the lower limit of the total adhesion amount of Zr oxide and Ti oxide in the coating layer is not particularly limited.
- the total adhesion amount of Zr oxide and Ti oxide is preferably 0.3 mg/ m2 or more per one side of the steel sheet in terms of the amount of metal Zr and the amount of metal Ti, more preferably 0.4 mg/ m2 or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mg/ m2 or more.
- the upper limit of the total adhesion amount of Zr oxide and Ti oxide in the coating layer is not particularly limited.
- the total adhesion amount of Zr oxide and Ti oxide is preferably 50.0 mg/ m2 or less per one side of the steel sheet in terms of the amount of metallic Zr and the amount of metallic Ti, more preferably 45.0 mg/ m2 or less, and even more preferably 40.0 mg/ m2 or less.
- the adhesion amount of Zr oxide is a value converted into the amount of metallic Zr
- the adhesion amount of Ti oxide is a value converted into the amount of metallic Ti.
- the amount of Zr oxide attached in the coating layer is measured using a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays.
- a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays First, multiple steel plates with known amounts of attached metal Zr are prepared, and the fluorescent X-ray intensity originating from Zr is measured in advance for the steel plates. A calibration curve is then created by linearly approximating the relationship between the measured fluorescent X-ray intensity and the amount of attached metal Zr. Next, the fluorescent X-ray intensity originating from Zr in the surface-treated steel plate is measured, and the amount of attached Zr oxide in the coating layer can be calculated in terms of metallic Zr using the above-mentioned calibration curve.
- the amount of Ti oxide attached in the coating layer is measured by a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays.
- a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays.
- a calibration curve is then created by linearly approximating the relationship between the measured fluorescent X-ray intensity and the amount of attached metal Ti.
- the fluorescent X-ray intensity derived from Ti in the surface-treated steel plate is measured, and the amount of attached Ti oxide in the coating layer can be calculated in terms of metallic Ti using the above-mentioned calibration curve.
- the coating layer may contain P from the viewpoint of further improving resistance to sulfur blackening.
- the upper limit of the amount of P contained in the coating layer is not particularly limited, but since cohesive failure of the coating layer may impair secondary paint adhesion, it is preferably 50.0 mg/ m2 or less per one side of the steel sheet.
- the lower limit of the amount of P contained in the coating layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.0 mg/ m2 , or may not be contained at all.
- the amount of P attached in the coating layer is measured using a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays.
- a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays First, multiple steel plates with known amounts of P attached are prepared, and the fluorescent X-ray intensity originating from P is measured in advance for the steel plates. A calibration curve is then created by linearly approximating the relationship between the measured fluorescent X-ray intensity and the amount of P attached. Next, the fluorescent X-ray intensity originating from P in the surface-treated steel plate is measured, and the amount of P attached in the coating layer can be determined using the above-mentioned calibration curve.
- the coating layer may contain Mn from the viewpoint of further improving resistance to sulfur blackening.
- the upper limit of the amount of Mn contained in the coating layer is not particularly limited, but since cohesive failure of the coating layer may impair secondary paint adhesion, it is preferably 50.0 mg/ m2 or less per one side of the steel sheet.
- the lower limit of the amount of Mn contained in the coating layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 0.0 mg/ m2 , or may not be contained at all.
- the amount of Mn attached in the coating layer is measured using a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays.
- a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays First, multiple steel plates with known amounts of Mn attached are prepared, and the fluorescent X-ray intensity derived from Mn for the steel plates is measured in advance. A calibration curve is then created by linearly approximating the relationship between the measured fluorescent X-ray intensity and the amount of Mn attached. Next, the fluorescent X-ray intensity derived from Mn in the surface-treated steel plate is measured, and the amount of Mn attached in the coating layer can be determined using the above-mentioned calibration curve.
- the coating layer may contain Ni.
- the upper limit of the Ni content in the coating layer is not particularly limited.
- the coating layer may not contain Ni, and may have a Ni content of 0.0 mg/ m2 .
- the coating layer may contain C. There is no particular upper limit to the C content in the coating layer.
- the coating layer may not contain C, and the C content may be 0.0 mg/ m2 .
- the coating layer may contain elements other than Zr, Ti, O, Ni, Mn, P, and C, as well as K, Na, Mg, and Ca, which will be described later.
- elements other than the above elements include metal impurities such as Cu, Zn, and Fe, and elements such as S, N, F, Cl, Br, and Si, which are contained in the aqueous solution used in the coating formation process, which will be described later.
- elements other than Zr, Ti, O, Ni, Mn, P, C, K, Na, Mg, and Ca are present in excess, resistance to sulfurization and adhesion may decrease.
- the total content of elements other than Zr, Ti, O, Ni, Mn, P, C, K, Na, Mg, and Ca in the coating layer is preferably 30% or less in atomic ratio, and more preferably 20% or less.
- the coating layer may not contain elements other than Zr, Ti, O, Ni, Mn, P, C, K, Na, Mg, and Ca, and may be 0% in atomic ratio.
- the content of the above elements can be measured using XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).
- the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet is 50° or less.
- the water contact angle is preferably 48° or less, and more preferably 45° or less. Since the lower the water contact angle is, the more preferable it is from the viewpoint of improving adhesion, the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be 0°. However, from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, it may be 5° or more, or 8° or more.
- the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention i.e., the surface state of the coating layer containing at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide
- the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet after heat treatment equivalent to paint is preferably 50° or less, more preferably 48° or less, and even more preferably 45° or less.
- the lower limit of the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet after heat treatment equivalent to paint is not particularly limited and may be 0°, but the water contact angle may be 5° or more, or 8° or more.
- the conditions of the heat treatment equivalent to paint are a maximum temperature of 200°C and a holding time at the maximum temperature of 10 minutes.
- the water contact angle can be measured by the ⁇ /2 method.
- the temperature of the surface-treated steel sheet to be measured is set to 20°C, and distilled water at a temperature of 20°C is dropped onto the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet.
- the contact angle 1 second after the drop is calculated by the ⁇ /2 method. More specifically, it can be measured by the method described in the Examples.
- the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet may be coated with an anti-rust oil such as CSO (Cottonseed Oil), DOS (Dioctyl Sebacate), or ATBC (Acetyl Tributyl Citrate).
- the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet after coating is determined by performing the heat treatment equivalent to the paint to vaporize the coated oil and measuring the water contact angle by the method described in the Examples.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention is stable against heat treatment, so that if the water contact angle measured after the heat treatment and the atomic ratio of the adsorbed element described later satisfy the conditions of the present invention, the effect of the present invention can also be achieved for the surface-treated steel sheet before the heat treatment.
- additives such as rust inhibitors contained in the applied oil may remain on the surface of the coated steel sheet even after heat treatment equivalent to painting, but the amount is so small that it does not affect the water contact angle and atomic ratio of the adsorbed elements mentioned above.
- the present invention is based on a technical concept that is completely different from the conventional technology described above: the coating layer is formed in a surface conditioning process, which creates a high degree of hydrophilicity, allowing the paint to penetrate into the minute irregularities and form a strong mechanical bond through an anchor effect at the interface between the coating film and the surface-treated steel sheet, thereby maintaining high adhesion even in a humid environment.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention has high hydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 50° or less, and its surface is chemically active. Therefore, cations of elements such as K, Na, Mg, and Ca are easily adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet. The inventors have found that simply setting the water contact angle to 50° or less does not provide the original adhesion due to the influence of the adsorbed cations.
- the present invention by reducing the amount of the cations adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet, it is possible to improve adhesion to resin and realize excellent secondary paint adhesion, and also to realize excellent resistance to sulfur blackening by exhibiting strong barrier properties against the penetration of sulfur.
- the total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet to all elements is 5.0% or less, preferably 3.0% or less, and more preferably 1.0% or less.
- the total atomic ratio can be measured by XPS.
- the atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca to all elements can be obtained by the relative sensitivity coefficient method from the integrated intensity of the narrow spectrum of K2p, Na1s, Ca2p, and Mg1s on the outermost surface of the surface-treated steel sheet. More specifically, it can be measured by the method described in the examples.
- the atomic ratio measured by the method described in the examples after performing the heat treatment equivalent to painting to vaporize the oil applied is regarded as the atomic ratio of the adsorbed elements of the surface-treated steel sheet after oiling.
- a surface-treated steel sheet having the above-mentioned properties can be produced by the method described below.
- the method for producing a surface-treated steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a surface-treated steel sheet having a Ni-containing layer and a coating layer disposed on the Ni-containing layer on at least one surface of the steel sheet, and includes the following steps (1) to (3). Each step will be described below.
- a surface of a steel sheet having a Ni-containing layer on at least one side thereof is treated with an aqueous solution containing at least one of Zr ions and Ti ions to form a coating layer on the Ni-containing layer.
- the coating layer formed is a coating layer containing at least one of Zr oxide and Ti oxide.
- the treatment with the aqueous solution is not particularly limited and can be carried out by any method.
- the treatment can be carried out by electrolysis.
- cathodic electrolysis conventional equipment used for chromate treatment and the like can be used as is. Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing equipment costs, it is preferable to form the coating layer by cathodic electrolysis.
- the method for preparing the aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but for example, the aqueous solution can be prepared by dissolving one or both of a Zr-containing compound as a Zr ion source and a Ti-containing compound as a Ti ion source in water.
- the water can be distilled water or deionized water, but is not limited thereto and any water can be used.
- any compound capable of supplying Zr ions and Ti ions, respectively, can be used.
- a Zr salt such as ZrF4 or a Zr complex such as H2ZrF6 or K2ZrF6 is preferably used.
- the Zr ions become Zr oxides and form a coating as the pH rises on the surface of the cathode.
- a Ti salt such as TiF4 or a Ti complex such as H2TiF6 or K2TiF6 is preferably used.
- the Ti ions become Ti oxides and form a coating as the pH rises on the surface of the cathode.
- the aqueous solution may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of fluoride ions, nitrate ions, ammonium ions, phosphate ions, Mn ions, and sulfate ions.
- fluoride ions nitrate ions
- ammonium ions phosphate ions
- Mn ions Mn ions
- sulfate ions sulfate ions.
- the aqueous solution contains both nitrate ions and ammonium ions, processing can be carried out in a short time of several to several tens of seconds, which is extremely advantageous from an industrial standpoint. Therefore, it is preferable that the aqueous solution contains both nitrate ions and ammonium ions in addition to at least one of Zr ions and Ti ions.
- the unit of ion concentration "ppm" refers to parts per million by mass unless otherwise specified.
- the lower limit of the Zr ion concentration is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the Zr ion concentration is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 4000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the Ti ion concentration is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the Ti ion concentration is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 4000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of fluorine ions is not particularly limited, but is preferably 120 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the concentration of fluorine ions is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 4000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of phosphate ions is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the concentration of phosphate ions is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 5000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of Mn ions is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the concentration of Mn ions is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 5000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of ammonium ions is not particularly limited, but may be 0 ppm.
- the upper limit of the concentration of ammonium ions is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 20000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of nitrate ions is not particularly limited, but may be 0 ppm.
- the upper limit of the concentration of nitrate ions is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 20,000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of sulfate ions is not particularly limited, and may be 0 ppm.
- the upper limit of the concentration of sulfate ions is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 20,000 ppm or less.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the aqueous solution when performing the cathodic electrolysis is not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferable to set it to 50°C or less.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the aqueous solution when performing the cathodic electrolysis is not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferable to set it to 50°C or less.
- the efficiency of coating generation can be increased. Furthermore, if the temperature of the aqueous solution is set to 10°C or more, cooling of the aqueous solution is not required even when the outside air temperature is high, such as in summer, so it is economical.
- the lower limit of the pH of the aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 or more. If the pH is 3 or more, the production efficiency of Zr oxide or Ti oxide can be further improved.
- the upper limit of the pH of the aqueous solution is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 or less. If the pH is 5 or less, it is possible to prevent a large amount of precipitation from occurring in the aqueous solution, and to improve continuous productivity.
- nitric acid for the purpose of adjusting the pH and improving the electrolysis efficiency, for example, nitric acid, ammonia water, etc. may be added to the aqueous solution.
- the lower limit of the current density during cathodic electrolysis is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 A/dm 2 or more, and more preferably 1 A/dm 2 or more. If the current density is 0.05 A/dm 2 or more, the efficiency of generating Zr oxide or Ti oxide is improved. As a result, a coating layer containing a more stable Zr oxide or Ti oxide can be generated, and the resistance to sulfur blackening and anti-yellowing property can be further improved.
- the upper limit of the current density during cathodic electrolysis is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 A/dm 2 or less, and more preferably 10 A/dm 2 or less. If the current density is 50 A/dm 2 or less, the efficiency of generating Zr oxide or Ti oxide can be moderated, and the generation of Zr oxide or Ti oxide that is coarse and poor in adhesion can be suppressed.
- the electrolysis time in the above-mentioned cathodic electrolysis treatment is not particularly limited, and can be adjusted appropriately according to the current density so that the above-mentioned Zr and Ti deposition amounts are obtained.
- the current pattern in the above cathodic electrolysis treatment may be continuous or intermittent current.
- the relationship between the aqueous solution and the steel sheet when performing the above cathodic electrolysis is not particularly limited, and they may be relatively stationary or moving, but from the standpoint of promoting the reaction and improving uniformity, it is preferable to perform cathodic electrolysis while moving the steel sheet and the aqueous solution relative to each other.
- the steel sheet and the aqueous solution can be moved relative to each other by continuously performing cathodic electrolysis while passing the steel sheet through a treatment tank containing an aqueous solution containing at least one of Zr ions or Ti ions.
- the relative flow velocity between the aqueous solution and the steel sheet is 50 m/min or more. If the relative flow velocity is 50 m/min or more, the pH of the steel sheet surface where hydrogen is generated as a result of the passage of electricity can be made more uniform, and the generation of coarse Zr oxides or Ti oxides can be effectively suppressed. There is no particular upper limit to the relative flow velocity.
- the coating layer obtained in the coating formation step is subjected to surface conditioning. Specifically, the aqueous solution is held on the surface of the coating layer in a state in which it is more than 30.0 g/ m2 and not more than 60.0 g/ m2 for 0.1 to 20.0 seconds.
- the coating layer can be fixed in a highly hydrophilic state.
- the mechanism by which the surface conditioning step allows the coating layer to be fixed in a highly hydrophilic state is not clear, but it is thought to be as follows. That is, by bringing the coating layer into contact with the aqueous solution, the surface of the coating layer is slightly etched, and fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the coating layer. The action of these fine irregularities results in a high degree of hydrophilicity.
- This hydrophilicity differs from hydrophilicity caused by the presence of hydrophilic functional groups such as OH groups, and is caused by the physical structure of the surface roughness, and therefore has excellent thermal stability.
- the state of the aqueous solution on the surface of the coating layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of uniformly progressing etching, it is preferable for the aqueous solution to be in the form of a liquid film.
- Amount of aqueous solution more than 30.0 g/m 2 , 60.0 g/m 2 or less
- the amount of aqueous solution used in surface preparation is 30.0 g/m 2 or less
- etching does not proceed sufficiently, and as a result, the water contact angle becomes larger than 50°. Therefore, the amount of the aqueous solution is more than 30.0 g/m 2 , preferably 32.0 g/m 2 or more, more preferably 35.0 g/m 2 or more.
- the amount of the aqueous solution exceeds 60.0 g/m 2 , etching does not proceed, and the desired hydrophilicity cannot be obtained.
- the progress of the etching depends on the amount of dissolved oxygen present near the interface between the coating layer and the aqueous solution. That is, when the amount of the aqueous solution is excessive, the thickness of the layer formed by the aqueous solution becomes thick, so that sufficient oxygen is not supplied to the interface, and as a result, etching does not proceed sufficiently. Therefore, the amount of the aqueous solution is 60.0 g/m 2 or less, preferably 58.0 g/m 2 or less, more preferably 55.0 g/m 2 or less.
- Holding time 0.1 to 20.0 seconds
- the holding time is set to 0.1 seconds or more, preferably 0.2 seconds or more, and more preferably 0.3 seconds or more.
- the holding time is set to 20.0 seconds or less, preferably 18.0 seconds or less, and more preferably 15.0 seconds or less.
- the amount of the aqueous solution can be measured with a moisture meter using a filter type infrared absorption method. Specifically, the absorbance on the surface is measured with a moisture meter using a filter type infrared absorption method, and the amount of the aqueous solution is calculated from the absorbance using a calibration curve that has been obtained in advance.
- the calibration curve can be created by the following procedure. First, the steel plate having the coating layer is placed on an electronic balance. The aqueous solution is dropped onto the steel plate having the coating layer with a pipette to form a liquid film on the entire surface of the steel plate having the coating layer.
- the weight of the aqueous solution present on the steel plate having the coating layer is calculated from the weight of the steel plate having the coating layer before the aqueous solution is dropped and the weight of the steel plate having the coating layer after the aqueous solution is dropped.
- the amount of the aqueous solution per unit area is calculated by dividing the weight of the aqueous solution obtained by the area of the steel plate having the coating layer.
- the absorbance on the surface of the steel plate having the coating layer is measured with a moisture meter using a filter type infrared absorption method. The above measurements are performed multiple times while changing the amount of aqueous solution, and a calibration curve showing the correlation between the amount of aqueous solution and the absorbance is created.
- the calibration curve can be a linear approximation of the correlation between the amount of aqueous solution and the absorbance.
- the method for adjusting the amount of aqueous solution present on the surface of the coating layer is not particularly limited, and any method can be used.
- the amount of the aqueous solution on the surface of the steel sheet can be adjusted by squeezing the liquid with a wringer roll or by wiping.
- the steel sheet having the Ni-containing layer can be pretreated as desired.
- the pretreatment for example, the natural oxide film present on the surface of the Ni-containing layer can be removed.
- the amount of Ni oxide can be adjusted and the surface can be activated.
- the pretreatment method is not particularly limited, and any method can be used.
- pickling can be used as the pretreatment.
- the pickling can be performed by any method without any particular limitation.
- the type of pickling treatment liquid used for the pickling is not particularly limited, but it is preferably an aqueous sulfuric acid solution such as dilute sulfuric acid.
- the aqueous sulfuric acid solution means an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, and includes cases where components other than sulfuric acid are contained.
- the lower limit of the concentration of sulfate ions contained in the aqueous sulfuric acid solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 3 g/L or more, and more preferably 5 g/L or more.
- the upper limit of the concentration of sulfate ions contained in the aqueous sulfuric acid solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 200 g/L or less, and more preferably 150 g/L or less.
- the lower limit of the temperature of the aqueous sulfuric acid solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 10°C or more, and more preferably 15°C or more.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the aqueous sulfuric acid solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 70°C or less, and more preferably 60°C or less.
- any pretreatment can be performed, but it is preferable to perform at least one of degreasing, pickling, and water washing.
- degreasing rolling oil, rust-preventive oil, etc. adhering to the steel plate can be removed.
- the degreasing can be carried out by any method without any particular restrictions. After degreasing, it is preferable to wash the steel plate with water to remove the degreasing solution adhering to the surface of the steel plate.
- pickling can remove the natural oxide film present on the surface of the steel sheet and activate the surface.
- pickling method There are no particular limitations on the pickling method, and any method can be used. After pickling, it is preferable to rinse the steel sheet with water to remove the pickling solution adhering to the surface.
- washing process Next, the steel sheet after the surface conditioning step is washed with water at least once. By washing with water, the aqueous solution remaining on the surface of the steel sheet can be removed.
- the washing with water can be carried out by any method without any particular limitation.
- a washing tank can be provided downstream of a tank for film formation, and the steel sheet after the film formation step can be continuously immersed in water.
- washing with water can be carried out by spraying water onto the steel sheet after the film formation step.
- the number of times that the washing is performed is not particularly limited, and may be one or more than two times. However, in order to avoid an excessive number of washing tanks, it is preferable to limit the number of washings to five or less. Furthermore, when washing is performed two or more times, each washing may be performed using the same method or different methods.
- water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less in at least the final wash in the water washing process. This reduces the amount of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed to the surface of the coated steel sheet, thereby improving adhesion.
- Water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less can be produced by any method.
- the water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less may be, for example, reverse osmosis water, ion-exchanged water, or distilled water.
- the electrical conductivity of the water used for washing can be measured using a conductivity meter.
- the above-mentioned effect can be obtained by using water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less for the final wash, so any water can be used for the washes other than the final wash.
- Water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less may also be used for the washes other than the final wash.
- the electrical conductivity of the water used in the final water wash is preferably 50 ⁇ S/m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ S/m or less.
- the lower limit of the electrical conductivity is not particularly limited and may be 0 ⁇ S/m. However, from the viewpoint of reducing costs, it is preferable that the electrical conductivity is 1 ⁇ S/m or more.
- the temperature of the water used in the washing process is not particularly limited and may be any temperature. However, an excessively high temperature places an excessive burden on the washing equipment, so the temperature of the water used in washing is preferably 95°C or less.
- the lower limit of the temperature of the water used in washing is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0°C or higher.
- the temperature of the water used in the washing may be room temperature.
- the washing time per washing process is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of enhancing the effect of the washing process, it is preferably 0.1 seconds or more, and more preferably 0.2 seconds or more.
- the upper limit of the washing time per washing process is also not particularly limited, but when manufacturing on a continuous line, the line speed is reduced, and therefore, productivity is reduced, so it is preferably 10 seconds or less, and more preferably 8 seconds or less.
- drying may be performed as desired.
- a normal dryer or electric oven drying method can be used.
- the temperature during the drying process is preferably 100°C or lower. If the temperature is within the above range, deterioration of the surface treatment film can be suppressed.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is usually around room temperature.
- the uses of the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention are not particularly limited, but it is particularly suitable as a surface-treated steel sheet for containers used in the manufacture of various containers such as food cans, beverage cans, pail cans, and 18-liter cans.
- Ni-containing layer (Formation of Ni-containing layer) First, the steel sheet was subjected to electrolytic degreasing, water washing, pickling by immersion in dilute sulfuric acid, and water washing in this order. Next, the steel sheet was subjected to Ni electroplating to obtain a Ni-plated steel sheet having Ni plating layers as Ni-containing layers on both sides of the steel sheet. At that time, the Ni adhesion amount of the Ni-containing layer was set to the values shown in Tables 2 and 3 by changing the current application time. The Ni adhesion amount of the Ni-containing layer was measured by the above-mentioned fluorescent X-ray calibration curve method. Note that in some examples, a Ni-Fe alloy layer was formed as the Ni-containing layer. That is, after the Ni plating layer was formed by the above-mentioned method, the Ni-Fe alloy layer was formed by annealing.
- the steel plate used was a can steel plate (T4 base plate) with a thickness of 0.17 mm.
- the surface of the steel sheet on which the Ni-containing layer was formed and pretreated was treated with an aqueous solution to form a coating layer on the Ni-containing layer.
- an aqueous solution having the composition shown in Table 1 was used as the aqueous solution, and a cathodic electrolysis treatment was performed in the aqueous solution to form a coating layer.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution was set to 35° C., and the pH was adjusted to 3 to 5.
- the Zr adhesion amount and Ti adhesion amount were controlled by adjusting the electric charge density.
- zirconium fluoride (ZrF 4 ) was used as the Zr-containing compound
- titanium fluoride (TiF 4 ) was used as the Ti-containing compound.
- the aqueous solution was prepared by further using compounds other than the Zr-containing compound and the Ti-containing compound to adjust the concentration of each ion so as to have the composition shown in Table 1.
- the amount of Zr oxide, Ti oxide, P, and Mn attached in the coating layer of each of the obtained surface-treated steel sheets was measured.
- the measurements were performed using the fluorescent X-ray calibration curve method described above.
- the measurement results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- the amount of Zr oxide and Ti oxide attached is shown as the amount of metallic Zr and the amount of metallic Ti, respectively.
- the water contact angle was measured using an automatic contact angle meter, CA-VP type, manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.
- the surface temperature of the surface-treated steel sheet was set to 20°C ⁇ 1°C, and distilled water at 20°C ⁇ 1°C was used. Distilled water was dropped onto the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet in a droplet amount of 2 ⁇ l, and the contact angle was measured one second later by the ⁇ /2 method, and the arithmetic mean value of the contact angles of five droplets was taken as the water contact angle.
- the contact angle was also measured after the surface-treated steel sheet was subjected to heat treatment at 200°C for 10 minutes.
- the measurement conditions were the same as above.
- the contact angle values were essentially the same before and after the heat treatment.
- the contact angle values changed significantly due to the heat treatment.
- the total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet to all elements was measured by XPS. No sputtering was performed in the measurement.
- the atomic ratio to all elements detected by the relative sensitivity coefficient method was quantified from the integrated intensity of the narrow spectrum of K2p, Na1s, Ca2p, and Mg1s on the outermost surface of the sample, and (K atomic ratio + Na atomic ratio + Ca atomic ratio + Mg atomic ratio) was calculated.
- a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectrometer PHI X-tool manufactured by ULVAC-PHI was used, and the X-ray source was a monochrome AlK ⁇ ray, the voltage was 15 kV, the beam diameter was 100 ⁇ m ⁇ , and the take-off angle was 45°.
- a commercially available epoxy resin paint for cans was applied to the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet prepared by the above method at a dry mass of 60 mg/ dm2 , then baked at a temperature of 200°C for 10 minutes, and then left at room temperature for 24 hours. The steel sheet obtained was then cut to a specified size.
- An aqueous solution containing 7.1 g/L of anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate, 3.0 g/L of anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and 6.0 g/L of L-cysteine hydrochloride was prepared and boiled for 1 hour, and the volume lost by evaporation was made up with pure water.
- the aqueous solution obtained was poured into a pressure-resistant and heat-resistant container made of Teflon (registered trademark), and the steel sheet cut to a specified size was immersed in the aqueous solution, and the container was closed and sealed.
- the sealed container was subjected to a retort treatment at a temperature of 131°C for 60 minutes.
- the resistance to sulfur blackening was evaluated from the appearance of the steel sheets after the retort treatment. If there was absolutely no change in appearance before and after the test, it was rated as "1", if blackening occurred in 10% or less of the area, it was rated as "2”, if blackening occurred in more than 10% of the area but less than 20% of the area, it was rated as "3", and if blackening occurred in more than 20% of the area, it was rated as "4". Steel sheets rated as 1 to 3 were deemed to have excellent resistance to sulfur blackening for practical use and were deemed to have passed the test.
- Two coated steel sheets prepared under the same conditions were laminated with the coated surfaces facing each other with a nylon adhesive film sandwiched therebetween, and then bonded together under pressure conditions of 2.94 x 105 Pa, 190°C, and 30 seconds of pressure bonding time. This was then divided into test pieces with a width of 5 mm.
- the divided test pieces were immersed for 168 hours in a test liquid at 55°C consisting of a mixed aqueous solution containing 1.5% by mass of citric acid and 1.5% by mass of salt. After immersion, washing and drying, the two steel sheets of the divided test pieces were peeled off with a tensile tester, and the tensile strength at the time of peeling was measured. The average value of the three test pieces was evaluated according to the following four levels.
- a result of 1 to 3 can be evaluated as excellent in secondary paint adhesion.
- the L values of the surface-treated steel sheet and the steel sheet before the film formation process prepared by the above-mentioned method were measured.
- the L value was measured using a spectrophotometer SQ-2000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. with a measurement diameter of 30 mm ⁇ , and the SCI (Specular Component Include: including regular reflection) value was adopted.
- the difference ⁇ L in the L value was calculated using the formula (L value of the steel sheet before the film formation process) - (L value of the obtained surface-treated steel sheet).
- the L value represents the brightness of the color, and the larger ⁇ L is, the more the appearance is impaired.
- ⁇ L was evaluated according to the following four levels. In practical terms, if the result is 1 to 3, it can be evaluated as having excellent appearance. 1: Less than 1.0 2: 1.0 or more and less than 3.0 3: 3.0 or more and less than 5.0 4: 5.0 or more
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Abstract
Description
Ni含有層と、
前記Ni含有層上に配置された、Zr酸化物およびTi酸化物の少なくとも一方を含有する皮膜層とを有する表面処理鋼板であって、
水接触角が50°以下であり、
表面に吸着したK、Na、Mg、およびCaの、全元素に対する原子比率の合計が、5.0%以下である、表面処理鋼板。
少なくとも一方の面にNi含有層を有する鋼板の表面を、ZrイオンおよびTiイオンの少なくとも一方を含有する水溶液で処理して、前記Ni含有層上に前記皮膜層を形成する皮膜形成工程と、
前記皮膜層の表面に前記水溶液が30.0g/m2超、60.0g/m2以下存在する状態で、0.1~20.0秒保持する表面調整工程と、
前記表面調整工程後の前記鋼板を少なくとも1回水洗する水洗工程とを含み、
前記水洗工程では、
少なくとも最後の水洗において、電気伝導度100μS/m以下の水を使用する、表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
前記鋼板としては、とくに限定されることなく任意の鋼板を用いることができるが、缶用鋼板を用いることが好ましい。前記鋼板としては、例えば、極低炭素鋼板または低炭素鋼板を用いることができる。前記鋼板の製造方法についてもとくに限定されず、任意の方法で製造された鋼板を用いることができるが、通常は冷延鋼板を使用すればよい。前記冷延鋼板は、例えば、熱間圧延、酸洗、冷間圧延、焼鈍、および調質圧延を行う、一般的な製造工程により製造することができる。
C :0.0001~0.13%、
Si:0~0.020%、
Mn:0.01~0.60%
P :0~0.020%、
S :0~0.030%、
Al:0~0.20%、
N :0~0.040%、
Cu:0~0.20%、
Ni:0~0.15%、
Cr:0~0.10%、
Mo:0~0.05%、
Ti:0~0.020%、
Nb:0~0.020%、
B :0~0.020%、
Ca:0~0.020%、
Sn:0~0.020%、
Sb:0~0.020%、
および残部のFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼板を用いることが好ましい。上記成分組成のうち、Si、P、S、Al、およびNは含有量が低いほど好ましい成分であり、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、Ti、Nb、B、Ca、SnおよびSbは、任意に添加し得る成分である。
前記Ni含有層は、鋼板の少なくとも一方の面に備えられていればよく、両面に備えられていてもよい。前記Ni含有層は、鋼板の少なくとも一部を覆っていればよく、該Ni含有層が設けられた面の全体を覆っていてもよい。また、前記Ni含有層は、連続層であってもよいし、不連続層であってもよい。前記不連続層としては、例えば、島状構造を有する層が挙げられる。
前記Ni含有層上には、Zr酸化物およびTi酸化物の少なくとも一方を含有する皮膜層が存在する。Zr酸化物およびTi酸化物の少なくとも一方を前記皮膜層に含有させることは、優れた耐硫化黒変性、塗料2次密着性、および外観を得るために必要である。
本発明においては、表面処理鋼板の水接触角が50°以下であることが重要である。水接触角が50°以下となるよう表面処理鋼板の表面を高度に親水化することにより、塗料に含まれる樹脂と表面処理鋼板との間に強固な水素結合が形成され、その結果、湿潤環境下においても高い密着性を得ることができる。塗料2次密着性をさらに向上させるという観点からは、水接触角を48°以下とすることが好ましく、45°以下とすることがより好ましい。前記水接触角は、密着性向上の観点からは低ければ低いほど好ましいため、その下限はとくに限定されず、0°であってもよい。しかし、製造しやすさなどの観点からは、5°以上であってよく、8°以上であってもよい。
上述したように、本発明の表面処理鋼板は水接触角が50°以下という高い親水性を有しており、その表面は化学的に活性である。そのため、前記表面処理鋼板の表面には、K、Na、Mg、およびCaなどの元素のカチオンが吸着しやすい。本発明者らは、単純に水接触角を50°以下とするのみでは、吸着した前記カチオンの影響のため、本来の密着性が発揮されないことを見出した。本発明では、表面処理鋼板の表面に吸着した前記カチオンの量を低減することにより、樹脂に対する密着性を向上させ、優れた塗料2次密着性を実現することができる上、硫黄の浸透に対する強固なバリア性を示すため、優れた耐硫化黒変性を実現することができる。
本発明の一実施形態における表面処理鋼板の製造方法では、以下に説明する方法で、上記特性を備えた表面処理鋼板を製造することができる。
(1)皮膜形成工程
(2)表面調整工程
(3)水洗工程
上記皮膜形成工程においては、少なくとも一方の面にNi含有層を有する鋼板の表面を、ZrイオンおよびTiイオンの少なくとも一方を含有する水溶液で処理して、前記Ni含有層上に皮膜層を形成する。形成される前記皮膜層は、Zr酸化物およびTi酸化物の少なくとも一方を含有する皮膜層である。
次に、前記皮膜形成工程で得られた皮膜層に対して、表面調整を行う。具体的には、前記皮膜層の表面に前記水溶液が30.0g/m2超、60.0g/m2以下存在する状態で、0.1~20.0秒保持する。前記条件で表面調整を行うことにより、前記皮膜層を高度に親水化した状態で定着させることができる。
表面調整を行う際の水溶液の量が30.0g/m2以下であると、エッチングが十分に進行せず、その結果、水接触角が50°より大きくなる。そのため、前記水溶液の量は30.0g/m2超、好ましくは32.0g/m2以上、より好ましくは35.0g/m2以上とする。一方、水溶液の量が60.0g/m2を超えると、かえってエッチングが進まず、所望の親水性が得られない。これは、前記エッチングの進行は、皮膜層と水溶液との間の界面近傍に存在する溶存酸素の量に依存するためであると考えられる。すなわち、水溶液の量が過剰であると、水溶液が形成する層の厚さが厚くなるため、前記界面に十分な酸素が供給されず、その結果、エッチングが十分に進行しない。そのため、前記水溶液の量を、60.0g/m2以下、好ましくは58.0g/m2以下、より好ましくは55.0g/m2以下とする。
また、前記表面調整において、保持時間が0.1秒未満であるとエッチングが十分に進行せず、その結果、水接触角が50°より大きくなる。そのため、前記保持時間を、0.1秒以上、好ましくは0.2秒以上、より好ましくは0.3秒以上とする。一方、前記保持時間が20.0秒を超える場合にも水接触角が50°より大きくなる。これは、エッチングが過度に進行し、親水性の発現に適した表面状態から外れるためだと考えられる。そのため、前記保持時間を、20.0秒以下、好ましくは18.0秒以下、より好ましくは15.0秒以下とする。
次に、上記表面調整工程後の鋼板を少なくとも1回水洗する。水洗を行うことにより、鋼板の表面に残留している水溶液を除去することができる。前記水洗は、特に限定されることなく任意の方法で行うことができる。例えば、皮膜形成を行うための槽の下流に水洗タンクを設け、皮膜形成工程後の鋼板を連続的に水に浸漬することができる。また、皮膜形成工程後の鋼板にスプレーで水を吹き付けることによって水洗を行ってもよい。
まず、鋼板に電解脱脂、水洗、希硫酸への浸漬による酸洗、および水洗を順次施した。次いで、前記鋼板に電気Niめっきを施して、前記鋼板の両面にNi含有層としてのNiめっき層を備えるNiめっき鋼板を得た。その際、通電時間を変えることにより前記Ni含有層のNi付着量を表2、3に示す値とした。前記Ni含有層のNi付着量は、上述した蛍光X線による検量線法で測定した。なお、一部の実施例においては、Ni含有層としてNi-Fe合金層を形成した。すなわち、上述した方法によりNiめっき層を形成した後、焼鈍することによりNi-Fe合金層を形成した。
その後、得られたNi含有層を形成した鋼板に対して、表2、3に示すように希硫酸への浸漬による酸洗、および水洗を順次施した。なお、比較のために一部の実施例においては前処理を行わなかった。
次いで、前記Ni含有層の形成および前処理を施した鋼板の表面を水溶液で処理することにより、前記Ni含有層上に皮膜層を形成した。具体的には、前記水溶液として表1に示す組成の水溶液を使用し、該水溶液中で陰極電解処理を行うことで皮膜層を形成した。前記水溶液の温度は35℃とし、pHは3以上5以下となるように調整した。電気量密度を調整することによりZr付着量およびTi付着量を制御した。なお、Zr含有化合物としてはフッ化ジルコニウム(ZrF4)を用い、Ti含有化合物としてはフッ化チタン(TiF4)を用いた。そして、前記水溶液は、表1に示す組成を有するように、Zr含有化合物及びTi含有化合物以外の化合物をさらに用いて各イオンの濃度を調整することにより作成した。
上記皮膜形成工程の後、表2、3に示した条件で表面調整を行った。具体的には、皮膜形成工程が終了した時点の、表面に水溶液が付着した状態の鋼板をリンガーロールで絞ることにより、皮膜層の表面に存在する水溶液の量を表2、3に記載の量に調整した。前記水溶液の量は、先に述べたとおりフィルター式赤外吸収法による水分計で測定した。その後、表2、3に示した保持時間の間、保持した。すなわち、表面調整工程で使用した水溶液は、上記皮膜形成工程で使用した水溶液と同じである。
次いで、上記表面調整工程後の鋼板に水洗処理を施した。前記水洗処理は、表2、3に示した条件で1~5回行った。各回の水洗の方法と、使用した水の電気伝導度は表2、3に示したとおりとした。なお、水洗の方法を「浸漬」とした回では、鋼板を水に浸漬して水洗を行った。一方、水洗の方法を「スプレー」とした回では、鋼板にスプレーで水を吹き付けることによって水洗を行った。また、電気伝導度は導電率計を用いて測定した。
水接触角は、協和界面科学社製の自動接触角計CA-VP型を用いて測定した。表面処理鋼板の表面温度を20℃±1℃とし、水は20±1℃の蒸留水を使用した。2μlの液滴量で蒸留水を表面処理鋼板の表面に滴下し、1秒後にθ/2法によって接触角を測定し、5滴分の接触角の相加平均値を水接触角とした。
表面処理鋼板の表面に吸着したK、Na、Mg、およびCaの全元素に対する原子比率の合計を、XPSにより測定した。測定においては、スパッタは行わなかった。試料最表面のK2p、Na1s、Ca2p、Mg1sのナロースペクトルの積分強度から、相対感度係数法により検出された全元素に対する原子比率を定量化し、(K原子比率+Na原子比率+Ca原子比率+Mg原子比率)を算出した。XPSの測定には、アルバックファイ社製走査型X線光電子分光分析装置PHI X-toolを用い、X線源はモノクロAlKα線、電圧は15kV、ビーム径は100μmφ、取出角は45°とした。
上述の方法で作製した表面処理鋼板の表面に、市販の缶用エポキシ樹脂塗料を乾燥質量で60mg/dm2塗布した後、200℃の温度下で10分間焼き付け、その後24時間室温に置いた。その後、得られた鋼板を所定のサイズに切断した。無水リン酸水素二ナトリウム:7.1g/L、無水リン酸二水素ナトリウム:3.0g/L、Lシステイン塩酸塩:6.0g/Lを含有する水溶液を作製し、1時間煮沸した後、蒸発により減少した体積分を純水でメスアップした。得られた水溶液をテフロン(登録商標)製の耐圧耐熱の容器中に注ぎ、所定のサイズに切断した鋼板を前記水溶液中に浸漬し、容器の蓋を閉め密封した。密閉された前記容器に、温度131℃、60分間のレトルト処理を施した。
得られた表面処理鋼板の表面に、エポキシフェノール系塗料を塗布し、210℃で10分間の焼付を行って塗装鋼板を作製した。塗装の付着量は50mg/dm2とした。
1:2.5kgf以上
2:2.0kgf以上2.5kgf未満
3:1.5kgf以上2.0kgf未満
4:1.5kgf未満
上述の方法で作製した表面処理鋼板及び皮膜形成工程前の鋼板のL値を測定した。L値は、日本電色工業社製の分光色彩計SQ-2000を用いて、測定径を30mmφとして測定し、SCI(Specular Component Include:正反射を含む)の値を採用した。そして、L値の差ΔLを、(皮膜形成工程前の鋼板のL値)-(得られた表面処理鋼板のL値)の式を用いて算出した。L値は色の明るさを表し、ΔLが大きいほど、外観が損なわれることを意味する。ΔLは下記の4水準で評価した。実用上、結果が1~3であれば、外観に優れるものとして評価できる。
1:1.0未満
2:1.0以上3.0未満
3:3.0以上5.0未満
4:5.0以上
Claims (6)
- 鋼板の少なくとも一方の面に、
Ni含有層と、
前記Ni含有層上に配置された、Zr酸化物およびTi酸化物の少なくとも一方を含有する皮膜層とを有する表面処理鋼板であって、
水接触角が50°以下であり、
表面に吸着したK、Na、Mg、およびCaの、全元素に対する原子比率の合計が、5.0%以下である、表面処理鋼板。 - 前記Ni含有層は、Ni付着量が前記鋼板の片面当たり0.1~20.0g/m2である、請求項1に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記皮膜層中におけるZr酸化物およびTi酸化物の付着量の合計が、金属Zr量と金属Ti量で前記鋼板の片面当たり0.3~50.0mg/m2である、請求項1または2に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記皮膜層は、さらにPを含有し、P付着量が前記鋼板の片面当たり50.0mg/m2以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記皮膜層は、さらにMnを含有し、Mn付着量が前記鋼板の片面当たり50.0mg/m2以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 鋼板の少なくとも一方の面に、Ni含有層と、前記Ni含有層上に配置されたZr酸化物およびTi酸化物の少なくとも一方を含有する皮膜層とを有する表面処理鋼板の製造方法であって、
少なくとも一方の面にNi含有層を有する鋼板の表面を、ZrイオンおよびTiイオンの少なくとも一方を含有する水溶液で処理して、前記Ni含有層上に前記皮膜層を形成する皮膜形成工程と、
前記皮膜層の表面に前記水溶液が30.0g/m2超、60.0g/m2以下存在する状態で、0.1~20.0秒保持する表面調整工程と、
前記表面調整工程後の前記鋼板を少なくとも1回水洗する水洗工程とを含み、
前記水洗工程では、
少なくとも最後の水洗において、電気伝導度100μS/m以下の水を使用する、表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
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