WO2024190789A1 - 水素燃焼炉、及び水素燃焼炉の運転方法 - Google Patents
水素燃焼炉、及び水素燃焼炉の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024190789A1 WO2024190789A1 PCT/JP2024/009606 JP2024009606W WO2024190789A1 WO 2024190789 A1 WO2024190789 A1 WO 2024190789A1 JP 2024009606 W JP2024009606 W JP 2024009606W WO 2024190789 A1 WO2024190789 A1 WO 2024190789A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen combustion furnace and a method for operating a hydrogen combustion furnace.
- Oxyfuel combustion has been known as an effective means of reducing CO2 gas and saving energy.
- Oxyfuel combustion is a combustion method that uses oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, which is air enriched with oxygen, as an oxidant, and is widely used in industrial furnaces.
- Oxyfuel combustion reduces the amount of nitrogen in the oxidant that does not contribute to combustion, resulting in benefits such as an increase in flame temperature and a reduction in exhaust gas heat loss, and as a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of fuel used by improving thermal efficiency. In other words, the amount of hydrocarbon fuel used can be reduced, which greatly contributes to reducing CO2 gas emissions.
- Patent Document 1 discloses technology that uses a combustion burner (hydrogen burner) that uses hydrogen gas as fuel in an industrial combustion furnace.
- the input energy is classified into heat that is effectively used in the furnace and heat that is discharged outside the system as exhaust gas and is lost.
- the oxygen ratio is 1.05 and the exhaust gas temperature is 1300°C
- the higher the oxygen concentration in the oxidizer the smaller the rate of exhaust gas heat loss (meaning that the rate of heat that is effectively used in the furnace is higher and the heating efficiency is high).
- the higher the heating efficiency the smaller the amount of fuel required to heat and maintain the furnace to a specified temperature, so by applying oxyfuel combustion to the specifications of a hydrogen burner that uses hydrogen as fuel, it is expected that fuel costs can be reduced.
- the present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a hydrogen combustion furnace that can reduce NOx emissions, and a method for operating a hydrogen combustion furnace.
- a combustion furnace body having a burner, a first passage for supplying hydrogen to the burner; a second passage for supplying a combustion supporting gas containing oxygen to the burner; a third passage for leading out exhaust gas from the combustion furnace body;
- a first control device located in the first path and configured to adjust the amount of hydrogen supplied;
- a second control device located in the second path and configured to adjust the supply amount of the combustion supporting gas;
- a gas analyzer located in the third path and configured to analyze components in the exhaust gas; a control device that transmits and receives electrical signals between the first control device, the second control device, and the gas analyzer,
- a hydrogen combustion furnace wherein the control device controls the first control device and the second control device based on an analysis value obtained from the gas analyzer so that the hydrogen is incompletely combusted in the combustion furnace body.
- the combustion device is a heat exchanger provided across at least one or both of the first path and the second path.
- a method for operating a hydrogen combustion furnace having a combustion furnace body having a burner that combusts hydrogen and a combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen comprising: A method for operating a hydrogen combustion furnace, comprising incompletely combusting the hydrogen in the combustion furnace body.
- a method for operating a hydrogen combustion furnace according to [7] wherein in the combustion furnace body, incomplete combustion is performed with an oxygen ratio of 0.98 or less.
- the hydrogen combustion furnace and the method of operating the hydrogen combustion furnace of the present invention make it possible to reduce NOx emissions.
- FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing an example of the configuration of a hydrogen combustion furnace applicable to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a system diagram showing another example of the configuration of a hydrogen combustion furnace applicable to this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of a verification test of the present invention.
- Heating efficiency is the ratio of the energy used to heat the furnace to the energy input.
- the energy used to heat the furnace is calculated by calculating the amount of heat carried away by the exhaust gas (exhaust gas heat loss) and subtracting the exhaust gas loss from the energy input.
- Oxygen ratio refers to the ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in a combustion-supporting gas to the amount of oxygen required for complete combustion of a fuel.
- the numerical range expressed by “-” means that the numerical values before and after "-" are the lower and upper limits of the numerical range.
- Fig. 1 is a system diagram showing the configuration of a hydrogen combustion furnace according to this embodiment. Note that the solid arrows in Fig. 1 indicate the direction of gas (vapor) flow, and the dotted arrows indicate the direction of electrical signal transmission.
- the hydrogen combustion furnace 1 of this embodiment is roughly configured to include a combustion furnace body 2, a burner 3, a moisture removal device 4, a gas analyzer 5, a control device 6, a flow control valve (first control device) 7, a flow control valve (second control device) 8, a combustor (combustion device) 9, and paths L1 to L6.
- hydrogen as fuel and oxygen contained in a combustion supporting gas are supplied to the burner 3, and when they are combusted (furnace combustion) inside the combustion furnace body 2, the hydrogen is burned at a low oxygen ratio (i.e., incomplete combustion), thereby reducing NOx emissions.
- the combustion furnace body 2 is not particularly limited as long as it has an inner space and can burn the flame of the burner 3 inside the furnace.
- a heating furnace that heats an object to be heated (not shown) contained in the inner space can be used as the combustion furnace body 2.
- a conventionally known configuration for example, a configuration described in patent documents such as JP 2020-148426 A and JP 2021-042102 A) can be applied.
- the object to be heated can be, for example, steel, molten metal, or glass.
- hydrogen gas is used as fuel, so that H 2 , H 2 O, and N 2 are the main components of the exhaust gas during incomplete combustion, and carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and soot, which are generated when a hydrocarbon fuel is used, are not emitted. Therefore, this is preferable because there is no risk of adversely affecting the quality of the object to be heated.
- the burner 3 is connected to the combustion furnace body 2 so that the flame nozzle is in communication with the space inside the combustion furnace body 2.
- the burner 3 burns the hydrogen fuel and the oxygen contained in the combustion supporting gas inside the combustion furnace body 2 (in-furnace combustion).
- a conventionally known configuration for example, the configurations described in patent documents such as JP-A-09-243028, JP-A-2013-079753, and JP-A-2021-124212 can be applied.
- the path (first path) L1 is located between a hydrogen gas supply source (not shown) and the burner 3.
- the path L1 is a gas supply line that supplies hydrogen gas (H 2 ) as fuel from the hydrogen gas supply source to the burner 3.
- a flow control valve (first control device) 7 is provided in the path L1.
- Path (second path) L2 is located between a combustion supporting gas supply source (not shown) and the burner 3.
- Path L2 is a gas supply line that supplies combustion supporting gas from the combustion supporting gas supply source to the burner 3.
- a flow control valve (second control device) 8 is provided on path L2.
- Flow control valve 7 and flow control valve 8 are control devices that adjust the supply amount of gas flowing through the gas supply line by a control signal from control device 6 or manually.
- Examples of flow control valve 7 and flow control valve 8 include a control valve, a mass flow controller, and a manual needle valve.
- the combustion-supporting gas is a gas (oxidizing agent) containing oxygen, and oxygen gas (O 2 ), oxygen-enriched air enriched in air, or air can be used.
- the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas (oxidizing agent) is preferably 21% by volume or more, more preferably 40% by volume or more, and even more preferably 90% by volume or more.
- the higher the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas the lower the nitrogen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas, so that the amount of NOx emissions can be reduced when incomplete combustion is performed in the hydrogen combustion furnace 1.
- the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas is 90% by volume or more, the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas becomes high, so that the unreacted hydrogen gas contained in the exhaust gas can be effectively used as fuel.
- Path (third path) L3 is located between the combustion furnace body 2 and the combustor 9.
- Path L3 is a gas supply line that supplies hydrogen gas in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace body 2 to the combustor 9 as part of the fuel.
- a moisture removal device 4 and a gas analyzer 5 are provided on path L3 in this order from the primary side.
- the moisture removal device 4 is located on the primary side of the gas analyzer 5 in the path L3.
- the moisture removal device 4 removes moisture (H 2 O) from the exhaust gas flowing through the path L3.
- the moisture removal device 4 is also connected to the path L4, and discharges the moisture removed from the exhaust gas to the outside of the system.
- the moisture removal device 4 is not particularly limited as long as it can remove moisture from the mixed gas. Examples of the moisture removal device 4 include a mist separator, a water wash bubbler, and a chiller.
- the gas analyzer 5 is located on the secondary side of the moisture removal device 4 in the path L3.
- the gas analyzer 5 is a device having an analyzer that analyzes the components in the exhaust gas that is led out from the combustion furnace main body 2 to the path L3 and from which moisture has been removed by the moisture removal device 4.
- the gas analyzer 5 has one or more analyzers that can confirm that incomplete combustion has occurred in the combustion furnace main body 2.
- the gas analyzer 5 has at least one of a hydrogen analyzer for confirming whether or not hydrogen is contained in the exhaust gas, and an oxygen analyzer for confirming whether or not oxygen is contained in the exhaust gas.
- the gas analyzer 5 may also have one or more analyzers that can detect nitrogen, NOx, and moisture, among the components in the exhaust gas led out to the path L3.
- the combustor (combustion device) 9 is a combustion device that uses unreacted hydrogen gas contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace main body 2 as at least a part of the fuel.
- the combustor 9 is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of using the hydrogen gas contained in the exhaust gas as fuel. Examples of the combustor 9 include boilers and other combustion furnaces. Furthermore, it is more preferable for the combustor 9 to be one that does not increase the NOx contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace main body 2.
- Paths L3, L5, and L6 are connected to the combustor 9.
- Path L5 is a gas supply line that supplies fuel and combustion-supporting gas to the combustor 9.
- Path L6 is a gas exhaust line that exhausts exhaust gas from the combustor 9 to the outside of the system.
- the control device 6 transmits and receives electrical signals by wire or wirelessly between the flow control valve (first control device) 7, the flow control valve (second control device) 8, and the gas analyzer 5.
- the control device 6 has a function of controlling the flow control valve 7 and the flow control valve 8 based on the gas analysis value obtained from the gas analyzer 5 so that hydrogen is incompletely combusted in the combustion furnace main body 2.
- the control device 6 is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned functions.
- the control device 6 may be configured to include a central processing unit (CPU), a memory, and a hard disk drive.
- the control device 6 may be provided independent of (separate from) the flow control valve 7, the flow control valve 8, and the gas analyzer 5, or may be provided as an attachment to any of the flow control valve 7, the flow control valve 8, and the gas analyzer 5.
- the method for operating a hydrogen combustion furnace according to the present embodiment is a method for operating a hydrogen combustion furnace 1 including a combustion furnace body 2 having a burner 3 for burning hydrogen and a combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen.
- a method of operating a hydrogen combustion furnace according to one embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described by taking as an example a case in which oxygen-enriched air is used as the combustion supporting gas in the above-mentioned hydrogen combustion furnace 1.
- hydrogen gas (H 2 ) and oxygen-enriched air (N 2 , O 2 ) as a combustion supporting gas are supplied to a burner 3 via a path L1 and a path L2, respectively, and are combusted in the furnace body 2.
- hydrogen is incompletely combusted in the furnace body 2.
- a mixed gas containing unreacted hydrogen gas (H 2 ), nitrogen gas (N 2 ), water (H 2 O), and NOx is discharged as exhaust gas from the combustion furnace body 2 through a path L3.
- the gas analyzer 5 analyzes the gas components in the mixed gas flowing through path L3. Specifically, the gas analyzer 5 confirms that hydrogen is being incompletely combusted in the combustion furnace body 2, that is, that hydrogen gas is contained in the mixed gas, and that oxygen gas is not contained in the mixed gas.
- the analysis results from the gas analyzer 5 are sent to the control device 6 via an electrical signal. If hydrogen gas is not contained in the mixed gas, the control device 6 sends a control signal to the flow control valve (first control device) 7 to increase its opening. This increases the amount of hydrogen gas supplied to the burner 3 via path L1.
- control device 6 sends a control signal to the flow control valve (second control device) 8 to reduce the opening. This reduces the amount of combustion supporting gas supplied to the burner 3 via path L2.
- the control device 6 controls the oxygen ratio in the combustion furnace body 2 to be less than 1.
- the upper limit of the oxygen ratio is preferably 0.98 or less, and more preferably 0.97 or less.
- the lower limit of the oxygen ratio is preferably 0.90 or more, and more preferably 0.95 or more.
- the gas components are analyzed by the gas analyzer 5, and the mixed gas flowing through the path L3 is then introduced into the combustor 9.
- the combustor 9 hydrogen contained in the mixed gas is used as part of the fuel due to incomplete combustion in the combustion furnace body 2.
- the operation method of the hydrogen combustion furnace 1 of this embodiment it is possible to suppress a decrease in the heating efficiency of the entire hydrogen combustion furnace 1 including the combustor 9.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace body 2 can be reused without increasing the amount of NOx emissions.
- hydrogen gas is used as fuel for the burner 3, and when hydrogen is combusted in the combustion furnace body 2, the hydrogen is burned with a low oxygen ratio (i.e., incomplete combustion), so that the amount of NOx emissions in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace body 2 can be reduced.
- a low oxygen ratio i.e., incomplete combustion
- hydrogen gas is incompletely combusted in the combustion furnace body 2, and the hydrogen contained in the mixed gas is used as part of the fuel for the combustor 9, so that the reduction in heating efficiency of the entire hydrogen combustion furnace 1 including the combustor 9 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing another example of the configuration of a hydrogen combustion furnace that can be applied to this embodiment.
- a hydrogen combustion furnace 21 of another embodiment differs in configuration from the above-described hydrogen combustion furnace 1 in that a heat exchanger 29 is used as the combustion device instead of the combustor 9, and paths L25 and L26 are used instead of paths L5 and L6. Therefore, in the hydrogen combustion furnace 21, the same components as those of the hydrogen combustion furnace 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted.
- the heat exchanger (combustion device) 29 is provided across paths L1 and L2, and uses unreacted hydrogen gas contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace body 2 as at least part of the fuel.
- Paths L3, L25, and L26 are connected to the heat exchanger 29.
- Path L25 is a gas supply line that supplies a combustion supporting gas (oxygen gas ( O2 ) is exemplified in the figure) to the heat exchanger 29.
- Path L26 is a gas exhaust line that exhausts the exhaust gas derived from the heat exchanger 29 to the outside of the system.
- the mixed gas flowing through the path L3 is introduced into the heat exchanger 29.
- the heat exchanger 29 uses as fuel hydrogen contained in the mixed gas due to incomplete combustion in the combustion furnace body 2. This makes it possible to heat (preheat) the hydrogen gas flowing through the path L1 and the combustion supporting gas flowing through the path L2 by the heat generated by burning the hydrogen gas in the heat exchanger 29.
- the hydrogen combustion furnace 21 and its operating method make it possible to recover heat in proportion to the efficiency of the heat exchanger 29. Furthermore, by controlling the temperature of the heat exchanger 29 to 1000°C or less, the heating efficiency of the entire hydrogen combustion furnace 21, including the heat exchanger 29, can be improved without increasing the amount of NOx emissions in the exhaust gas.
- the heat exchanger 29 is provided across path L1 and path L2 as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the heat exchanger 29 may be provided across at least one of path L1 and path L2.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the oxygen ratio during hydrogen combustion and NOx emission concentration, and shows (A) the case where the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 90% by volume, (B) the case where the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 40% by volume, and (C) the case where the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 21% by volume.
- 3(A) to (C) the horizontal axis indicates the oxygen ratio (Oxygen ratio [-]), and the vertical axis indicates the NOx emission concentration (NOx [ppm-wet]).
- the furnace temperatures in the combustion furnace body 2 were confirmed to be 1300°C, 1400°C, 1500°C, and 1600°C.
- the NOx emission concentration is the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas containing water vapor (H 2 O) discharged from the combustion furnace body 2 .
- the upper limit of the oxygen ratio is preferably 0.98 or less, and more preferably 0.97 or less.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the oxygen ratio and heating efficiency during hydrogen combustion, in which (A) the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 90% by volume, (B) the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 40% by volume, and (C) the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 21% by volume.
- the horizontal axis indicates the oxygen ratio (Oxygen ratio [-]), and the vertical axis indicates the heating efficiency (Heat Efficiency [%]).
- the furnace temperatures in the combustion furnace body 2 were confirmed to be 1300°C, 1400°C, 1500°C, and 1600°C.
- “Heating efficiency” is the ratio of the energy used to heat the furnace to the energy input. The energy used to heat the furnace is calculated by calculating the amount of heat carried away by the exhaust gas (exhaust gas heat loss) and subtracting the exhaust gas loss from the energy input.
- the lower limit of the oxygen ratio it was confirmed that it is preferable to set the lower limit of the oxygen ratio to 0.95 or more, regardless of the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the oxygen ratio during hydrogen combustion and the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust gas, showing (A) the case where the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 90% by volume, (B) the case where the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 40% by volume, and (C) the case where the oxygen concentration in the combustion supporting gas is 21% by volume.
- the horizontal axis indicates the oxygen ratio (Oxygen ratio [-])
- the vertical axis indicates the hydrogen concentration ( H2 [vol% dry]).
- the furnace temperatures in the combustion furnace body 2 were confirmed to be 1300°C, 1400°C, 1500°C, and 1600°C.
- the hydrogen concentration is the hydrogen concentration in the dry gas from which water vapor (H 2 O) discharged from the combustion furnace body 2 has been removed by the moisture remover 4 .
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Abstract
Description
[1] バーナを有する燃焼炉本体と、
前記バーナに水素を供給する第1経路と、
前記バーナに酸素を含む支燃性ガスを供給する第2経路と、
前記燃焼炉本体から排ガスを導出する第3経路と、
前記第1経路に位置し、前記水素の供給量を調整する第1制御装置と、
前記第2経路に位置し、前記支燃性ガスの供給量を調整する第2制御装置と、
前記第3経路に位置し、前記排ガス中の成分を分析するガス分析装置と、
前記第1制御装置、前記第2制御装置、及び前記ガス分析装置との間で電気信号を送受信する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置が、前記ガス分析装置から得られる分析値から、前記燃焼炉本体において前記水素が不完全燃焼するように、前記第1制御装置と前記第2制御装置とを制御する、水素燃焼炉。
[2] 前記第3経路に位置し、前記排ガスから水分を除去する水分除去装置をさらに備える、[1]に記載の水素燃焼炉。
[3] 前記水分除去装置が、前記ガス分析装置の一次側に位置する、[1]又は[2]に記載の水素燃焼炉。
[4] 前記第3経路と接続され、燃料の少なくとも一部として前記排ガスを用いる燃焼装置をさらに備える、[1]乃至[3]のいずれかに記載の水素燃焼炉。
[5] 前記燃焼装置が、前記第1経路及び前記第2経路の少なくとも一方又は両方に亘って設けられる熱交換器である、[1]乃至[4]のいずれかに記載の水素燃焼炉。
[6] 前記燃焼炉本体が、内側の空間に収容した被加熱物を加熱する加熱炉である、[1]乃至[5]のいずれかに記載の水素燃焼炉。
[7] 水素と酸素を含む支燃性ガスとを燃焼させるバーナを有する燃焼炉本体を備える水素燃焼炉の運転方法であって、
前記燃焼炉本体において、前記水素を不完全燃焼させる、水素燃焼炉の運転方法。
[8] 前記燃焼炉本体において、酸素比が0.98以下で不完全燃焼させる、[7]に記載の水素燃焼炉の運転方法。
[9] 酸素濃度が90体積%以上の前記支燃性ガスを用いる、[7]又は[8]に記載の水素燃焼炉の運転方法。
「加熱効率」とは、投入したエネルギに対する、炉の加熱に利用されたエネルギの比率である。炉の加熱に利用されたエネルギは、排ガスが炉外へ持ち去る熱量(排ガス熱損)を計算し、投入したエネルギから排ガス損失を差し引いて計算する。
「酸素比」とは、燃料が完全燃焼するのに必要な酸素量に対する、支燃性ガス中に含まれる酸素量の比率をいう。
「~」で表される数値範囲は、~の前後の数値を下限値及び上限値とする数値範囲を意味する。
先ず、本発明を適用した一実施形態である水素燃焼炉の構成について、説明する。図1は、本実施形態の水素燃焼炉の構成を示す系統図である。なお、図1中に示す実線の矢印は、ガス(気体)流れの方向を示し、点線の矢印は、電気信号の送信方向を示す。
図1に示すように、本実施形態の水素燃焼炉1は、燃焼炉本体2、バーナ3、水分除去装置4、ガス分析装置5、制御装置6、流量制御弁(第1制御装置)7、流量制御弁(第2制御装置)8、燃焼器(燃焼装置)9、及び経路L1~L6を備えて、概略構成されている。
次に、本発明の一実施形態である水素燃焼炉の運転方法を説明する。
本実施形態の水素燃焼炉の運転方法は、水素と酸素を含む支燃性ガスとを燃焼させるバーナ3を有する燃焼炉本体2を備える水素燃焼炉1の運転方法である。
以下、本発明の一実施形態である水素燃焼炉の運転方法として、上述した水素燃焼炉1に、支燃性ガスとして酸素富化空気を用いた場合を一例として、具体的に説明する。
燃焼炉本体2から経路L3には、未反応の水素ガス(H2)、窒素ガス(N2)、水(H2O)、及びNOxを含む混合ガスが排ガスとして導出される。
また、酸素比の下限値は、0.90以上とすることが好ましく、0.95以上とすることがより好ましい。酸素比を0.90以上とすることで、加熱効率の低下を抑えつつ、NOx排出量を効果的に削減できる。
燃焼器9では、燃焼炉本体2での不完全燃焼により、混合ガス中に含まれる水素を燃料の一部として用いる。これにより、本実施形態の水素燃焼炉1の運転方法によれば、燃焼器9を含む水素燃焼炉1全体として、加熱効率の低下を抑制できる。
本実施形態の水素燃焼炉1の運転方法によれば、NOx排出量を増加させることなく、燃焼炉本体2から導出される排気ガスを再利用することができる。
図2に示すように、他の実施形態の水素燃焼炉21は、燃焼装置として、燃焼器9に替えて熱交換器29を用いるとともに、経路L5及び経路L6に替えて経路L25及び経路L26を用いる点で、上述した水素燃焼炉1と構成が異なっている。したがって、水素燃焼炉21では、水素燃焼炉1の同じ構成については同一の符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
熱交換器29では、燃焼炉本体2での不完全燃焼により、混合ガス中に含まれる水素を燃料として用いる。これにより、熱交換器29によって水素ガスを燃焼した熱によって、経路L1を流れる水素ガス、及び経路L2を流れる支燃性ガスをそれぞれ加熱(予熱)できる。
検証試験1では、図1に示す水素燃焼炉1を用い、バーナ3の燃料として水素ガスを用いる場合、すなわち、水素燃焼時において、酸素比とNOx排出濃度との関係性を検証した。
[シミュレーション条件]
(1)シミュレーションソフト(計算ソフト):Chemikin Pro:Ansys社製
(2)燃料ガス:水素
(3)支燃性ガス:酸素、または酸素富化空気
(4)反応モデル:GRI Mech 3.0 http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech
図3(A)~(C)において、横軸はいずれも酸素比(Oxygen ratio[-])を示し、縦軸はいずれもNOx排出濃度(NOx[ppm-wet])を示す。また、図3(A)~(C)において、いずれも燃焼炉本体2内の炉内温度が、1300℃、1400℃、1500℃、1600℃の場合について、確認した。
なお、NOx排出濃度は、燃焼炉本体2から導出される水蒸気(H2O)を含む排ガス中のNOx濃度である。
検証試験2では、図1に示す水素燃焼炉1を用い、バーナ3の燃料として水素ガスを用いた水素燃焼時において、酸素比と加熱効率との関係性を検証した。
図4(A)~(C)において、横軸はいずれも酸素比(Oxygen ratio[-])を示し、縦軸はいずれも加熱効率(Heat Efficiency[%])を示す。また、図4(A)~(C)において、いずれも燃焼炉本体2内の炉内温度が、1300℃、1400℃、1500℃、1600℃の場合について、確認した。
なお「加熱効率」とは、投入したエネルギに対する、炉の加熱に利用されたエネルギの比率である。炉の加熱に利用されたエネルギは、排ガスが炉外へ持ち去る熱量(排ガス熱損)を計算し、投入したエネルギから排ガス損失を差し引いて計算する。
通常、バーナの燃焼では不完全燃焼を起こさないように酸素比が1以上となるように、バーナへの酸素の供給は過剰となるように運用されることが一般的であるが、不完全燃焼となるように酸素比を大きく下げた場合には、酸素比が1以上の領域と比較して明らかに加熱効率が低いことが確認できた。
検証試験3では、図1に示す水素燃焼炉1を用い、バーナ3の燃料として水素ガスを用いた水素燃焼時において、酸素比と排ガス中に含まれる水素濃度との関係性を検証した。
図5(A)~(C)において、横軸はいずれも酸素比(Oxygen ratio[-])を示し、縦軸はいずれも水素濃度(H2[vol% dry])を示す。また、図5(A)~(C)において、いずれも燃焼炉本体2内の炉内温度が、1300℃、1400℃、1500℃、1600℃の場合について、確認した。
なお、水素濃度は、燃焼炉本体2から導出される水蒸気(H2O)を水分除去装置4によって除去したドライガス中の水素濃度である。
2 燃焼炉本体
3 バーナ
4 水分除去装置
5 ガス分析装置
6 制御装置
7 流量制御弁(第1制御装置)
8 流量制御弁(第2制御装置)
9 燃焼器(燃焼装置)
29 熱交換器(燃焼装置)
L1 経路(第1経路)
L2 経路(第2経路)
L3 経路(第3経路)
Claims (9)
- バーナを有する燃焼炉本体と、
前記バーナに水素を供給する第1経路と、
前記バーナに酸素を含む支燃性ガスを供給する第2経路と、
前記燃焼炉本体から排ガスを導出する第3経路と、
前記第1経路に位置し、前記水素の供給量を調整する第1制御装置と、
前記第2経路に位置し、前記支燃性ガスの供給量を調整する第2制御装置と、
前記第3経路に位置し、前記排ガス中の成分を分析するガス分析装置と、
前記第1制御装置、前記第2制御装置、及び前記ガス分析装置との間で電気信号を送受信する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置が、前記ガス分析装置から得られる分析値から、前記燃焼炉本体において前記水素が不完全燃焼するように、前記第1制御装置と前記第2制御装置とを制御する、水素燃焼炉。 - 前記第3経路に位置し、前記排ガスから水分を除去する水分除去装置をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の水素燃焼炉。
- 前記水分除去装置が、前記ガス分析装置の一次側に位置する、請求項2に記載の水素燃焼炉。
- 前記第3経路と接続され、燃料の少なくとも一部として前記排ガスを用いる燃焼装置をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の水素燃焼炉。
- 前記燃焼装置が、前記第1経路及び前記第2経路の少なくとも一方又は両方に亘って設けられる熱交換器である、請求項4に記載の水素燃焼炉。
- 前記燃焼炉本体が、内側の空間に収容した被加熱物を加熱する加熱炉である、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の水素燃焼炉。
- 水素と酸素を含む支燃性ガスとを燃焼させるバーナを有する燃焼炉本体を備える水素燃焼炉の運転方法であって、
前記燃焼炉本体において、前記水素を不完全燃焼させる、水素燃焼炉の運転方法。 - 前記燃焼炉本体において、酸素比が0.98以下で不完全燃焼させる、請求項7に記載の水素燃焼炉の運転方法。
- 酸素濃度が90体積%以上の前記支燃性ガスを用いる、請求項7又は8に記載の水素燃焼炉の運転方法。
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- 2023-03-16 JP JP2023042337A patent/JP7745586B2/ja active Active
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- 2024-03-12 EP EP24770894.4A patent/EP4682427A1/en active Pending
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