WO2024034545A1 - ガラス組成物、ガラス繊維、ガラスフィラー、ガラス繊維の製造方法、及びガラスフィラーの製造方法 - Google Patents
ガラス組成物、ガラス繊維、ガラスフィラー、ガラス繊維の製造方法、及びガラスフィラーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024034545A1 WO2024034545A1 PCT/JP2023/028653 JP2023028653W WO2024034545A1 WO 2024034545 A1 WO2024034545 A1 WO 2024034545A1 JP 2023028653 W JP2023028653 W JP 2023028653W WO 2024034545 A1 WO2024034545 A1 WO 2024034545A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- glass
- less
- glass composition
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/11—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen
- C03C3/112—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing halogen or nitrogen containing fluorine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass composition, a glass fiber, a glass filler, a method for producing glass fiber, and a method for producing a glass filler.
- Glass whose main raw material is silica (SiO 2 ) has been used for bottles and window glasses for a long time.
- silica SiO 2
- glass is now widely used in the form of glass fibers and glass flakes, as well as sheet glass, and as a filler for resins and concrete.
- composition of glass greatly affects the physical properties and chemical resistance of plate glass, glass fibers and glass flakes processed from glass.
- E-glass which has the content of alkaline components (Na 2 O, K 2 O) as low as possible, has excellent electrical insulation properties, but has the disadvantage of poor acid resistance.
- C glass has been devised which has improved acid resistance compared to E glass by increasing the content of Na 2 O, but C glass has inferior alkali resistance.
- alkali-resistant glass (AR glass) characterized by containing ZrO 2 as a subcomponent has been developed.
- AR glass has acid resistance equal to or higher than C glass, and at the same time exhibits excellent alkali resistance, so it is suitable as a reinforcing material for concrete.
- the constituent component ZrO 2 of AR glass is more expensive than other glass raw materials, it is difficult to use it for general purposes.
- the above E glass, C glass, and AR glass all have low elastic modulus, so there is room for improvement.
- E glass, C glass, and AR glass all contain no iron oxide or have a content of less than 1% by mass.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a composition containing SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , CaO, etc. as a high elastic composition for glass fiber.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a glass composition that has a high elastic modulus and improved acid resistance and alkali resistance.
- the present inventors found that among the components contained in the glass composition, the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 , and the content of Al 2 By appropriately adjusting the mass ratio calculated by O 3 / (SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 ) and MgO / (MgO + CaO), a glass composition with high elastic modulus and improved acid resistance and alkali resistance can be obtained.
- the present invention was completed based on the discovery that the present invention is possible.
- the present inventors also discovered that the above glass composition can be obtained efficiently at low cost by using coal ash (fly ash) as a raw material.
- the present invention The content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- a glass composition having a mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) of 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- a glass filler composed of the above glass composition is provided.
- the present invention Melting the above glass composition; spinning the molten glass composition to form glass fibers;
- a method for manufacturing glass fiber including:
- the present invention Melting the above glass composition; forming the molten glass composition into a glass filler; Provided is a method for producing a glass filler.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a glass composition that has a high elastic modulus and improved acid resistance and alkali resistance.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of scaly glass.
- FIG. 1B is a plan view of the scaly glass shown in FIG. 1A viewed from above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of an apparatus and method for producing scaly glass. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating another example of the apparatus and method of manufacturing scaly glass.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of a spinning device that can be used to manufacture chopped strands.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of an apparatus for manufacturing chopped strands from a strand wound body obtained by the spinning apparatus shown in FIG. 4.
- FIG. It is a perspective view showing an example of a concrete product.
- FIG. 6B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the concrete product shown in FIG. 6A. It is a figure which shows another example of a concrete product. It is a figure which shows an example of the structure of the rubber belt containing the cord for rubber reinforcement.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 is as follows: 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- iron oxide usually exists as Fe 2 O 3 or FeO in the glass composition. Therefore, iron oxide present as FeO is converted to Fe 2 O 3 , and the total content of iron oxide present as Fe 2 O 3 is taken as the content of total iron oxide in the glass composition. Accordingly, it is written as T-Fe 2 O 3 .
- SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are main components forming the skeleton of the glass composition.
- CaO is a component that suppresses the melt viscosity of the glass composition and also increases the elasticity of the glass composition.
- Fe 2 O 3 is a component that increases the elasticity of the glass composition.
- MgO is a component that improves the acid resistance of the glass composition.
- substantially not contained means that the content is less than 0.1% by mass, preferably less than 0.05% by mass, more preferably less than 0.01% by mass, even more preferably It means less than 0.005% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.003% by weight and most preferably less than 0.001% by weight.
- the content, characteristics, and other preferable ranges of each component can be determined by arbitrarily combining the upper and lower limits described individually below.
- the component ratio in the above mixture can be regarded as the component ratio of the materials of the glass composition.
- the glass composition of the present invention has a content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 , and a content of Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) and MgO. It is obtained by preparing a mixture by adjusting the blending ratio of raw materials so that the mass ratio of /(MgO+CaO) falls within the above range, and then crushing, melting, and solidifying the mixture.
- SiO2 SiO 2 is a component that forms the skeleton of the glass composition. Further, SiO 2 is a component that adjusts the devitrification temperature and viscosity during the formation of the glass composition, and is also a component that improves the acid resistance of the glass composition.
- the lower limit of the content of SiO 2 in the glass composition is, for example, 45% by mass or more, more than 45% by mass, 46% by mass or more, 47% by mass or more, 48% by mass or more, 49% by mass or more, 50% by mass.
- the above is preferably 51% by mass or more, 52% by mass or more, 53% by mass or more, and 54% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of SiO 2 is, for example, 62% by mass or less, and preferably less than 62% by mass, 60% by mass or less, 59% by mass or less, 58% by mass or less, and 57% by mass or less.
- the content of SiO 2 is, for example, 45% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 62% by mass.
- Al2O3 Al 2 O 3 is a component that forms the skeleton of the glass composition. Furthermore, Al 2 O 3 is a component that adjusts the devitrification temperature and viscosity during the formation of the glass composition, and is also a component that improves the water resistance of the glass composition. On the other hand, excessive content of Al 2 O 3 lowers the acid resistance and alkali resistance of the glass composition.
- the lower limit of the content of Al 2 O 3 is, for example, 3% by mass or more, preferably 4% by mass or more, 4.5% by mass or more, 5% by mass or more, 5.5% by mass or more, and 6% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of Al 2 O 3 is, for example, 9.5% by mass or less, and 9% by mass or less, 8.5% by mass or less, 8% by mass or less, 7.5% by mass or less, and 7% by mass or less. preferable.
- the total content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 is important because it affects the physical properties of the glass composition.
- the viscosity and devitrification temperature become high, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a homogeneous glass.
- the melting point of the raw material mixture becomes excessively high, it tends to be difficult to maintain a uniform composition of the melt in the melting furnace when mass producing glass compositions using a melting furnace.
- (SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) in the glass composition is 50% by mass or more and 66% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of (SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is, for example, 52% by mass or more, preferably 53% by mass or more, 54% by mass or more, and 55% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of (SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is, for example, 65% by mass or less, preferably 64% by mass or less, 63% by mass or less, 62% by mass or less, and 61% by mass or less. In particular, when (SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 62% by mass or less, there is a tendency that the working temperature described below can be lowered further in the glass composition.
- Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) In the glass composition of the present invention, Al 2 O 3 / (which is the ratio of the content of Al 2 O 3 (based on mass) to the total content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 (SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15. When Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is less than 0.05 or 0.15 or more, the acid resistance and alkali resistance of the glass composition tend to be poor.
- Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is less than 0.05, phase separation tends to occur easily.
- the lower limit of Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is, for example, 0.06 or more, preferably 0.07 or more, 0.08 or more, 0.09 or more, or 0.10 or more.
- the upper limit of Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is, for example, 0.14 or less, preferably 0.13 or less, 0.12 or less, or 0.11 or less.
- the content of CaO in the glass composition of the present invention is 5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the content of CaO is, for example, 8% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 12% by mass or more, 13% by mass or more, 14% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 16% by mass or more, 17% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the CaO content is, for example, 28% by mass or less, preferably 26% by mass or less, 25% by mass or less, and 24% by mass or less.
- Fe2O3 plays an important role. That is, when Fe 2 O 3 is contained in a glass composition in an appropriate range, the acid resistance and alkali resistance of the glass composition are improved. Furthermore, Fe 2 O 3 improves the elastic modulus of the glass composition. On the other hand, if the glass composition contains too much Fe 2 O 3 , acid resistance and alkali resistance may decrease and devitrification may occur. Therefore, the content of T-Fe 2 O 3 (total iron oxide converted to Fe 2 O 3 ) in the glass composition is more than 10% by mass and not more than 25% by mass.
- the lower limit of the content of T-Fe 2 O 3 in the glass composition is, for example, 10.1% by mass or more, 10.5% by mass or more, 11% by mass or more, 12% by mass or more, 13% by mass or more, It is preferably 14% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 15.5% by mass or more, and 16% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of T-Fe 2 O 3 is, for example, 23% by mass or less, preferably 21% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 19% by mass or less, and 18% by mass or less.
- the content of T-Fe 2 O 3 is, for example, 11% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass.
- the glass composition of the present invention contains MgO. By containing an appropriate amount of MgO, the acid resistance of the glass composition is improved. However, if excessive MgO is contained, the glass composition tends to devitrify, and the alkali resistance of the glass composition tends to decrease.
- the glass composition of the present invention tends to have a high elastic modulus by appropriately adjusting the content of Fe 2 O 3 and the content of MgO.
- the lower limit of the MgO content is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, 0.15% by mass or more, or 0.2% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of MgO is, for example, 10% by mass or less, and preferably 8% by mass or less, 6% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, and 2% by mass or less.
- the content of MgO is, for example, 0.1% by mass ⁇ MgO ⁇ 10% by mass.
- the total content of MgO and CaO affects the physical properties of the glass composition.
- (MgO+CaO) in the glass composition is less than 5% by mass, the devitrification temperature tends to be high and it is difficult to obtain a homogeneous glass.
- (MgO+CaO) exceeds 30% by mass the viscosity of the melt may be too low, resulting in poor moldability.
- the lower limit of (MgO+CaO) is, for example, 5% by mass or more, 8% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 11% by mass or more, 12% by mass or more, 13% by mass or more, 14% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, It is preferably 16% by mass or more, 17% by mass or more, 18% by mass or more, 19% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 20.1% by mass or more, and 20.2% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of (MgO + CaO) is, for example, 30% by mass or less, preferably 28% by mass or less, 27% by mass or less, 26% by mass or less, 25% by mass or less, 24.5% by mass or less, 24% by mass or less. .
- MgO/(MgO+CaO) MgO/(MgO+CaO)
- MgO/(MgO+CaO) which is the ratio of the MgO content (based on mass) to the total content of MgO and CaO (MgO+CaO)
- MgO/(MgO+CaO) exceeds 0.20, devitrification tends to occur and the alkali resistance of the glass composition tends to decrease.
- MgO/(MgO+CaO) is less than 0.001, the effect of improving acid resistance by containing MgO tends to be insufficient.
- the lower limit of MgO/(MgO+CaO) is, for example, 0.002 or more, 0.003 or more, 0.004 or more, 0.005 or more, 0.006 or more, 0.007 or more, 0.008 or more, 0.009 0.01 or more, 0.011 or more, 0.012 or more, 0.013 or more, 0.014 or more, 0.015 or more, 0.016 or more, 0.017 or more, 0.018 or more, 0.019 Above, 0.02 or more is preferable.
- the upper limit of MgO/(MgO+CaO) is, for example, 0.18 or less, 0.16 or less, 0.15 or less, 0.14 or less, 0.13 or less, 0.12 or less, 0.11 or less, 0 .10 or less is preferable. In some cases, the upper limit of MgO/(MgO+CaO) may be 0.05 or less, 0.02 or less, 0.015 or less, or 0.01 or less.
- the glass composition of the present invention may contain the following components.
- (B 2 O 3 ) B2O3 can form the skeleton of the glass composition.
- the glass composition of the present invention may contain B 2 O 3 .
- the content of B 2 O 3 in the glass composition of the present invention is 0% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the content of B 2 O 3 is, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of B 2 O 3 is, for example, 8% by mass or less, preferably 6% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, and 1% by mass or less.
- the content of B 2 O 3 may be 0.1% by mass ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10% by mass. Note that B 2 O 3 does not need to be substantially contained.
- the total content of SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 affects the physical properties of the glass composition.
- the devitrification temperature becomes high and it may be difficult to obtain a homogeneous glass.
- the melting point of the raw material mixture becomes excessively high, it may be difficult to maintain a uniform composition of the melt in the melting furnace during mass production of glass compositions using a melting furnace.
- (SiO 2 +B 2 O 3 ) in the glass composition is preferably 50% by mass or more and 66% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of (SiO 2 +B 2 O 3 ) is, for example, 52% by mass or more, preferably 53% by mass or more, 54% by mass or more, and 55% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of (SiO 2 +B 2 O 3 ) is, for example, 65% by mass or less, 64% by mass or less, 63% by mass or less, 62% by mass or less, 61% by mass or less, 60% by mass or less, 59% by mass. Below, it is preferably 58% by mass or less and 57% by mass or less.
- Alkali metal oxides lower the melting point of the glass composition and increase the fluidity of the melt. Therefore, in mass production of glass compositions using a melting furnace, the composition of the melt in the melting furnace can be kept uniform. Therefore, the glass composition of the present invention can also contain an appropriate amount of alkali metal oxides (Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O). However, if it is contained in an excessive amount, Young's modulus and alkali resistance may decrease and devitrification may occur.
- the upper limit of the content of Li 2 O is, for example, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, less than 1% by mass, 0.9% by mass or less, 0.8% by mass.
- the content is preferably 0.7% by mass or less, 0.6% by mass or less, and 0.5% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the Na 2 O content is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.05% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, and 0.2% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of Na 2 O is, for example, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, less than 1% by mass, 0.9% by mass or less, 0.8% by mass.
- the content is preferably 0.7% by mass or less, 0.6% by mass or less, and 0.5% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the K 2 O content is, for example, 0.05% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and preferably 0.2% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of K 2 O is, for example, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, less than 3% by mass, 2% by mass or less, less than 1% by mass, 0.9% by mass or less, 0.8% by mass or less. , preferably 0.7% by mass or less, 0.6% by mass or less, and 0.5% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the total content of Na 2 O and K 2 O is, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of (Na 2 O + K 2 O) is, for example, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, less than 1% by mass, 0.9% by mass or less, 0.8% by mass % or less is preferable.
- the lower limit of the total content of alkali metal oxides is, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of (Li 2 O + Na 2 O + K 2 O) is, for example, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, less than 1% by mass, 0.9% by mass or less, 0. It is preferably 8% by mass or less.
- the content of Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O is, for example, 0.1% by mass ⁇ Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O ⁇ 5% by mass.
- the glass composition of the present invention may contain SrO.
- SrO By including SrO in the glass composition, the devitrification temperature and viscosity during melting can be set within a range suitable for glass production.
- the upper limit of the SrO content in the glass composition is, for example, 15% by mass or less, 12% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 9% by mass or less, 8% by mass or less, 7% by mass or less, 6% by mass or less.
- SrO may not be substantially included.
- the lower limit of the SrO content is, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, and may be 0.5% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more.
- the content of SrO may be 0.1% by mass ⁇ SrO ⁇ 10% by mass.
- the glass composition of the present invention may contain BaO.
- BaO By including BaO in the glass composition, the devitrification temperature and viscosity during melting can be set within a range suitable for glass production.
- the upper limit of the BaO content in the glass composition is, for example, 10% by mass or less, 8% by mass or less, 6% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0. It is preferably 5% by mass or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less. BaO may not be substantially included.
- the glass composition of the present invention may contain ZnO.
- ZnO By including ZnO in the glass composition, the devitrification temperature and viscosity during melting can be set within a range suitable for glass production.
- the upper limit of the content of ZnO in the glass composition is, for example, 10% by mass or less, 8% by mass or less, 6% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less. % or less, preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and preferably 0.1% by mass or less.
- ZnO may not be substantially included.
- the glass composition of the present invention may also contain TiO2 .
- TiO2 By including TiO 2 in the glass composition, the viscosity at the time of melting can be made into a range suitable for manufacturing glass.
- the upper limit of the content of TiO 2 in the glass composition is, for example, 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0
- the content is preferably .5% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the TiO 2 content is, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, and may be 0.2% by mass or more. TiO 2 may not be substantially included.
- the content of TiO 2 may be 0.1% by mass ⁇ TiO 2 ⁇ 10% by mass.
- the glass composition of the present invention may also contain ZrO2 .
- ZrO2 By including ZrO 2 in the glass composition, the viscosity at the time of melting can be adjusted to a range suitable for glass production. On the other hand, if the glass composition contains too much ZrO 2 , devitrification tends to occur. Therefore, the upper limit of the content of ZrO 2 in the glass composition is, for example, 10% by mass or less, 9% by mass or less, 8% by mass or less, 7% by mass or less, 6% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less.
- ZrO 2 may not be substantially included.
- the lower limit of the ZrO 2 content is, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, and may be 0.2% by mass or more.
- the content of ZrO 2 may be 0.1% by mass ⁇ ZrO 2 ⁇ 10% by mass.
- the glass composition of the present invention may also contain MnO2 .
- MnO2 By including MnO 2 in the glass composition, the viscosity at the time of melting can be made into a range suitable for manufacturing glass.
- the upper limit of the content of T-MnO 2 (total manganese oxide converted to MnO 2 ) in the glass composition is, for example, 5% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, and 0.5% by mass. % or less, preferably 0.1% by mass or less.
- T—MnO 2 may not be substantially contained.
- the glass composition of the present invention contains P 2 O 5 , PbO, Bi 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , WO 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , Y 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , Ta 2 O 5 as other components. , Cr 2 O 3 , CuO, and CoO at a content of 0% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, respectively.
- the permissible content of each of these components is, for example, less than 2% by weight, and may be less than 1% by weight, less than 0.5% by weight, and less than 0.1% by weight.
- the total allowable content of these components is, for example, 5% by mass or less, and may be less than 2% by mass, less than 1% by mass, less than 0.5% by mass, or less than 0.1% by mass. However, the other components mentioned above may not be substantially contained.
- the glass composition of the present invention contains at least one additive selected from the group consisting of SO 3 , F 2 , Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , As 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3 .
- Each seed may be contained at a content of 0% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less.
- the permissible content of each of these components is, for example, less than 0.5% by weight, may be less than 0.2% by weight, and may be less than 0.1% by weight.
- the total allowable content of these components is, for example, 1% by mass or less, and may be less than 0.5% by mass, less than 0.2% by mass, or less than 0.1% by mass.
- each of the above additives may not be substantially contained.
- the glass composition of the present invention contains at least one selected from the group consisting of H 2 O, OH, H 2 , CO 2 , CO, He, Ne, Ar, and N 2 in an amount of 0% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or more, respectively.
- the content may be less than % by mass.
- the permissible content of each of these components is, for example, less than 0.05% by weight, may be less than 0.03% by weight, and may be less than 0.01% by weight.
- the total allowable content of these components is, for example, 0.1% by mass or less, and may be less than 0.05% by mass, less than 0.03% by mass, or less than 0.01% by mass.
- each of the above components may not be substantially contained.
- the glass composition of the present invention may contain trace amounts of noble metal elements.
- noble metal elements such as Pt, Rh, Au, and Os may be contained at a content of 0% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less, respectively.
- the permissible content of each of these components is, for example, less than 0.1% by weight, and may be less than 0.05% by weight, less than 0.03% by weight, and less than 0.01% by weight.
- the total allowable content of these components is, for example, 0.1% by mass or less, and may be less than 0.05% by mass, less than 0.03% by mass, or even less than 0.01% by mass.
- each of the above noble metal elements may not be substantially contained.
- a preferred example of the glass composition of the present invention is The content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 45% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 62% by mass, 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0.1% by mass ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10% by mass, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 0.1% by mass ⁇ MgO ⁇ 10% by mass, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, TiO 2 and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 0.1 mass% ⁇ SrO ⁇ 15 mass% 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, TiO 2 and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 0.1% by mass ⁇ TiO 2 ⁇ 10% by mass 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, ZrO 2 and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 0.1% by mass ⁇ ZrO 2 ⁇ 10% by mass 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 0.1% by mass ⁇ Li 2 O + Na 2 O + K 2 O ⁇ 5% by mass, 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +B 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 10% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , CaO and T-Fe 2 O 3 is 50% by mass ⁇ SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 66% by mass, 0 mass% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 mass%, 5% by mass ⁇ CaO ⁇ 30% by mass, 11% by mass ⁇ T-Fe 2 O 3 ⁇ 25% by mass, and
- the mass ratio calculated by Al 2 O 3 /(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 ) is 0.05 or more and less than 0.15
- the mass ratio calculated by MgO/(MgO+CaO) is 0.001 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the glass composition of the present invention When obtaining the glass composition of the present invention, there are no restrictions on the raw materials as long as they fall within the above-mentioned composition range. In particular, it is preferable to use coal ash as part of the raw material. In other words, the glass composition of the present invention preferably contains coal ash as a raw material. However, it is not necessary to use coal ash.
- Young's modulus The higher the Young's modulus of a glass composition, the better the elasticity.
- a glass composition with a high Young's modulus can improve the mechanical properties of a composite material reinforced with glass fibers or glass fillers.
- Young's modulus (GPa) is determined by measuring the longitudinal wave velocity and shear wave velocity of an elastic wave propagating in glass using a normal ultrasonic method, and calculating these velocities and the density of the glass separately measured using the Archimedean method. It can be found from.
- the lower limit of Young's modulus is, for example, 85 GPa or more, and may be 86 GPa or more, 87 GPa or more, 88 GPa or more, or 89 GPa or more.
- the upper limit of Young's modulus is, for example, 100 GPa or less, and may be 99 GPa or less, 98 GPa or less, 97 GPa or less, 96 GPa or less, 95 GPa or less, or 94 GPa or less.
- Glass transition temperature (glass transition point) is an index of the heat resistance of glass.
- the lower limit of the glass transition temperature can be 560°C or higher, 580°C or higher, 600°C or higher, 610°C or higher, 620°C or higher, 630°C or higher, 640°C or higher, 650°C or higher, 660°C or higher, and even 670°C or higher.
- the upper limit of the glass transition temperature can be 800°C or less, 780°C or less, 760°C or less, 750°C or less, 740°C or less, and further 730°C or less.
- the temperature at which the viscosity of molten glass becomes 1000 dPa ⁇ sec (1000 poise) is called the working temperature of the glass, and is the most suitable temperature for molding glass fibers and glass fillers.
- the working temperature of the glass is 1000° C. or higher, variations in the thickness of the glass flakes or the diameter of the glass fibers can be reduced. If the working temperature is 1450° C. or lower, the fuel cost for melting glass can be reduced, the glass manufacturing equipment will be less susceptible to corrosion due to heat, and the life of the equipment will be extended.
- the lower limit of the working temperature is, for example, 1000°C or higher, and may be 1050°C or higher, or 1100°C or higher.
- the upper limit of the working temperature is, for example, 1450°C or lower, 1400°C or lower, 1350°C or lower, 1300°C or lower, 1250°C or lower, 1200°C or lower, 1190°C or lower, 1180°C or lower, 1170°C or lower, 1160°C or lower, 1150°C or lower.
- the temperature may be below 1140°C.
- ⁇ W 1 of the glass composition is 0.50% by mass or less.
- ⁇ W 1 of the glass composition of the present invention is, for example, 0.40% by mass or less, 0.30% by mass or less, 0.20% by mass or less, 0.17% by mass or less, 0.15% by mass or less, 0 It is preferably at most .10% by mass, more preferably at most 0.05% by mass.
- the lower limit of ⁇ W 1 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.02% by mass or more.
- ⁇ W 2 of the glass composition is 0.50% by mass or less.
- ⁇ W 2 of the glass composition of the present invention is, for example, 0.40% by mass or less, 0.30% by mass or less, 0.20% by mass or less, 0.18% by mass or less, 0.15% by mass or less, 0 It is preferably at most .10% by mass, more preferably at most 0.05% by mass.
- the lower limit of ⁇ W 2 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.03% by mass or more.
- the glass fiber of this embodiment is made of the glass composition described above.
- the glass fibers of this embodiment may be long glass fibers or short glass fibers. Short glass fibers are sometimes called glass wool because they have a cotton-like morphology.
- the average fiber diameter of the glass fibers is, for example, 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the method for manufacturing glass fiber of the present embodiment includes a step of melting the above-mentioned glass composition, and a step of spinning the molten glass composition to form glass fiber.
- long glass fibers are produced by causing a glass melt whose viscosity is controlled to flow out of a nozzle and winding it up using a winding machine. This continuous fiber is cut to an appropriate length at the time of use.
- Short glass fibers are manufactured by blowing away glass melt using high-pressure air, centrifugal force, or the like.
- the glass filler of this embodiment is composed of the glass composition described above.
- the form of the glass filler is not particularly limited.
- the glass filler may be, for example, at least one selected from glass flakes, chopped strands, milled fibers, glass powder, and glass beads. However, these forms are not strictly distinguishable from each other.
- the glass filler of this embodiment may be a combination of two or more types of glass fillers having different forms.
- the method for manufacturing a glass filler of this embodiment includes the steps of melting the above-mentioned glass composition and molding the molten glass composition into a glass filler. Below, each form of the glass filler will be explained.
- a preferable example of the glass filler of this embodiment is scaly glass.
- Scaly glass has a flake-like shape and is also called flake glass.
- 1A and 1B show an example of scaly glass.
- the average thickness t of the glass flakes 1 shown in FIG. 1A is, for example, 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter is, for example, 0.2 to 15000 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio of the glass flakes 1 is, for example, 2 to 1000. The aspect ratio can be determined by dividing the average particle diameter by the average thickness t.
- the scaly glass 1 can be manufactured using the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, for example.
- a glass base 11 melted in a refractory kiln tank 12 is inflated into a balloon shape by gas sent into a blow nozzle 15 to form a hollow glass membrane 16.
- the hollow glass membrane 16 is crushed by the press roll 17 to obtain the glass flakes 1.
- the glass flakes 1 can also be manufactured using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, for example.
- the molten glass base 11 poured into the rotating cup 22 from the nozzle 21 flows out radially from the upper edge of the cup 22 due to the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotating cup 22.
- the flowed-out material 11 is sucked by an air flow through annular plates 23 arranged above and below, and introduced into an annular cyclone collector 24 . While passing through the annular plate 23, the glass is cooled and solidified as a thin film, and is further crushed into minute pieces to obtain the scaly glass 1.
- the chopped strand has a shape obtained by cutting glass fiber into short pieces.
- the fiber diameter of the chopped strand is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and the aspect ratio is, for example, 2 to 10,000.
- the aspect ratio of the chopped strand can be determined by dividing the fiber length by the fiber diameter.
- chopped strands can be manufactured using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
- a glass base having a predetermined composition melted in a refractory kiln tank is pulled out from a bushing 30 having a large number (for example, 2,400) nozzles at the bottom, and a large number of glass filaments 31 are drawn out.
- a binder (sizing agent) 34 is applied by an application roller 33 of a binder applicator 32.
- a large number of glass filaments 31 coated with a binder 34 are bundled by a reinforcing pad 35 into a strand 36 each consisting of, for example, about 800 glass filaments 31 .
- Each strand 36 is wound around a cylindrical tube 39 fitted in a collet 38 while being traversed by a traverse finger 37 . Then, the cylindrical tube 39 around which the strand 36 is wound is removed from the collet 38 to obtain a cake (strand wound body) 40.
- the cake 40 is housed in the creel 41, and the strands 36 are pulled out from the cake 40 and bundled into a strand bundle 43 by the collection guide 42. Water or a treatment liquid is sprayed onto this strand bundle 43 from a spray device 44 . Further, the strand bundle 43 is cut by the rotary blade 46 of the cutting device 45 to obtain chopped strands 47.
- Milled fiber has a shape obtained by cutting glass fiber into powder.
- the fiber diameter of the milled fiber is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and the aspect ratio thereof is, for example, 2 to 500.
- the aspect ratio of milled fibers can be determined by dividing the fiber length by the fiber diameter. Milled fibers can be obtained by known methods.
- Glass powder is powdered glass and is manufactured by crushing glass.
- the average particle size of the glass powder is, for example, 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of glass powder is defined as the diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle of glass powder.
- Glass powder can be obtained by a known method.
- Glass beads have a spherical or approximately spherical shape.
- the average particle diameter of the glass beads is, for example, 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of a glass bead is defined as the diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the glass bead particle. Glass beads can be obtained by known methods.
- the glass fiber and glass filler of this embodiment can be used to reinforce various products.
- glass fibers and glass fillers may be used to reinforce concrete products, rubber products, or plastic products.
- the present invention provides a concrete product comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of the glass fiber and glass filler of the present embodiment.
- the concrete product has a cement composition and glass fibers or glass filler embedded in the cement composition.
- the concrete product includes a main body and a covering member that covers the surface of the main body, and the covering member contains glass fiber or glass filler.
- the covering member may further contain a material such as resin or cement.
- Glass fillers may be used to reinforce concrete products.
- Glass fibers and glass fillers used for reinforcing concrete products may be processed as appropriate depending on the type of concrete product. Specifically, fiber sheets or rods containing glass fiber or glass filler can be used to reinforce concrete products.
- chopped strands can be used, for example, mixed with cement compositions.
- chopped strands can be classified into "focused chopped strands" formed from a strand bundle and "non-focused chopped strands" formed from a single strand.
- a mixture of unfocused chopped strands and a cement composition can be sprayed onto the surface of a body of a concrete product to form a coating covering the surface of the body. According to this covering member, it is possible to suppress the concrete material from peeling off from the surface of the main body.
- mixtures of focused chopped strands and cement compositions are suitable for reinforcing entire concrete products. The chopped strands in this mixture play a role similar to that of straw used in earthen walls and mortar.
- chopped strands have a large specific surface area and a large area of contact with cement. Therefore, it is particularly preferable that chopped strands used for reinforcing concrete products have excellent alkali resistance. This chopped strand also needs to have a practically sufficient elastic modulus.
- the fiber sheet may be a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric.
- the woven fabric include cloth using roving or yarn as the warp and/or weft.
- the nonwoven fabric include chopped strand mats formed from chopped strands.
- the nonwoven fabric may be formed from short glass fibers.
- the fiber sheet can be used by being impregnated with cement mortar or resin such as epoxy resin, for example.
- the fiber sheet may be used with its surface covered with a layer made of resin (resin layer).
- resin layer a layer made of resin
- a fiber sheet impregnated with cement mortar or resin, or a fiber sheet whose surface is covered with a resin layer may be referred to as a protective sheet.
- known methods such as hand lay-up molding, SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) molding, BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) molding method, etc. can be used.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show an example of a concrete product containing the above-mentioned protective sheet.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show a segment 51 used as a concrete product for lining a tunnel by the shield method.
- the segments 51 have an arcuate plate shape, and can form a cylindrical lining body by being joined to each other in an excavated hole excavated by a shield machine.
- a plurality of segments 51 can form a ring by joining each other in the circumferential direction.
- a lining body can be formed by joining a plurality of segments 51 to each other in the axial direction of the ring.
- a joint plate 53 is provided on the joint end surface 51A of the segment 51 in the circumferential direction. By fastening and fixing the joint plates 53 of the plurality of segments 51 to each other, the plurality of segments 51 can be joined in the circumferential direction.
- One joint end surface 51B of the segment 51 in the axial direction of the ring is provided with a joint rod (not shown) protruding from the joint end surface 51B.
- the other joining end surface 51B is provided with a joining tool 52 that engages the above-mentioned joining rod.
- the joining tool 52 has an insertion hole H into which a joining rod is inserted.
- FIG. 6B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the segment 51 near the joint end surface 51B.
- the segment 51 further includes a protective sheet 61 disposed on the joint end surface 51B.
- the surface of the protective sheet 61 constitutes the joint end surface 51B.
- the protective sheet 61 functions as a covering member that covers the surface of the main body of the segment 51.
- the segments 51 may further include a sealing member 64 that seals the segments 51 when the segments 51 are joined to each other.
- the shield machine extends the rod of the jack while excavating the ground with the cutter at its tip while keeping the spreader of the jack in contact with the lining made of segments 51. Thereby, the shield machine can obtain reaction force from the lining body through the jack, and can be propelled by this reaction force. Since the shield machine is equipped with a plurality of jacks, a plurality of spreaders are in contact with the lining body. Therefore, when the pressing force on the lining body from the plurality of spreaders acts toward the outside of the lining body, stress may be generated between two adjacent segments 51 in the lining body. By buffering this stress, the protective sheet 61 can suppress the occurrence of cracks near the joint end surface 51B.
- the rod is made of, for example, bundled glass fibers.
- the rod is made by braiding glass fibers.
- the bundled glass fibers may be hardened with cement or resin such as epoxy resin.
- Rods can be used, for example, as an alternative to reinforcing bars.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a concrete product including the above rod.
- a utility pole 70 as a concrete product.
- the utility pole 70 is partially embedded in the ground 80 and extends upward.
- the utility pole 70 includes a cement composition 72 containing mortar or the like filled therein, and a plurality of rods 75 embedded in the cement composition 72.
- the rods 75 are arranged parallel to each other from the bottom of the utility pole 70 along the direction in which the utility pole 70 extends.
- glass fiber has an excellent modulus of elasticity. This glass fiber also needs to have sufficient alkali resistance for practical purposes.
- the utility pole 70 shown in FIG. 7 is constructed by, for example, inserting a rod 75 into the utility pole through an opening or the like in a utility pole having a hollow interior, and then filling the interior of the utility pole with a cement composition 72. It can be made by Details of this manufacturing method are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-2543. Note that, in JP-A-2006-2543, an aramid rod made of aramid fibers is used. The rod 75 containing glass fiber of this embodiment tends to have better alkali resistance than an aramid rod.
- Examples of concrete products reinforced with glass fibers or glass fillers are not limited to those mentioned above.
- Glass fibers and glass fillers can be used as aggregates, reinforcing materials, etc. for various concrete products. Glass fibers and glass fillers also tend to have good mechanical properties and thermal stability, making them ideal for concrete products where heat resistance is required (e.g. concrete products used in power plants, melting furnaces, coke ovens, etc.) Alternatively, it can also be used for building materials that require fire resistance (for example, fire-resistant structures of buildings, fire-resistant coatings, etc.).
- glass fibers and glass fillers can also be processed into forms other than the above-mentioned chopped strands, fiber sheets, and rods, such as strands, rovings, yarns, and cords. Note that the yarn is obtained by twisting one or more strands.
- the present invention provides a rubber product comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of the glass fiber and glass filler of the present embodiment.
- a rubber product has a rubber composition (matrix rubber) and glass fibers or glass fillers embedded in the rubber composition.
- Glass fibers and glass fillers used for reinforcing rubber products may be processed as appropriate depending on the type of rubber product. Specifically, a cord containing glass fiber or the like can be used to reinforce the rubber product.
- the cord (rubber reinforcing cord) includes a strand formed by bundling the above-mentioned glass fibers (rubber reinforcing fibers).
- the number of glass fibers contained in the strand is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 100 to 2000, typically 200 to 600.
- the strand can be formed by bundling a predetermined number of spun glass fibers using a sizing agent, such as an elastomer-based sizing agent, that is commonly used for forming strands when spinning glass fibers.
- the formed strand may be wound around a collet or the like and subjected to a predetermined treatment such as drying.
- a plurality of strands are preferably bundled to form a strand assembly.
- the number of strands forming the cord may be one.
- the strand or strand aggregate preferably contains 200 to 36,000 glass fibers, more preferably 200 to 7,800 glass fibers.
- the wire diameter of the strand or strand aggregate is preferably 10 tex to 8350 tex, more preferably 68 tex to 1430 tex.
- the strands may be coated with a first coating layer formed from a treatment liquid A containing latex and at least one selected from a resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate and a vulcanizing agent.
- a first coating layer formed from a treatment liquid A containing latex and at least one selected from a resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate and a vulcanizing agent.
- the type of latex is not particularly limited, but examples include vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene terpolymer (VP) latex, chlorosulfonated polystyrene (CSM) latex, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (NBR) latex, and highly saturated polymers containing nitrile groups. It may be at least one type selected from latex. By using these materials, the heat resistance and water resistance of the reinforcing cord can be improved.
- VP vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene terpolymer
- CSM chlorosulfonated polystyrene
- NBR acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer
- the nitrile group-containing highly saturated polymer may be a material obtained by hydrogenating a copolymer or terpolymer containing acrylonitrile as a constituent unit, such as a material obtained by hydrogenating NBR (H-NBR), or a butadiene-ethylene-acrylonitrile terpolymer.
- H-NBR hydrogenating NBR
- H-NBR butadiene-ethylene-acrylonitrile terpolymer
- examples include materials containing acrylonitrile and a saturated hydrocarbon as structural units.
- the resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate (RF) is not particularly limited, and a novolak type, resol type, or a mixture thereof may be used.
- RF is generally commercially available as a liquid containing solids, but one with a solids content in the range of about 5% by weight to 10% by weight can be suitably used.
- the vulcanizing agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include at least one selected from maleimide compounds and organic diisocyanate compounds.
- the content of the vulcanizing agent in the treatment liquid A may be in the range of 5 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the latex. ⁇ 75 parts by weight. In this case, a better balance can be achieved between the flexibility of the cord and the adhesion to the matrix rubber.
- the organic diisocyanate compound is not particularly limited, but for example, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate), toluene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, methylene bis(phenylisocyanate), etc. may be used.
- the treatment liquid A may contain one or more types of these organic diisocyanate compounds, and for substances that have isomers regarding substituents, such as toluene diisocyanate and methylene bis(phenylisocyanate), the isomers may not interact with each other. It may be a mixture of. Further, the organic diisocyanate compound may be used with its isocyanate group protected by phenols or lactams.
- the maleimide compound is not particularly limited, but for example, bismaleimide, phenylmaleimide, diphenylmethane-4,4'-bismaleimide, etc. may be used.
- the solid content in the treatment liquid A is preferably in the range of 10% to 40% by weight, more preferably in the range of 25% to 35% by weight. If the content is too low, the formation of the first coating layer will be insufficient, and if it is too high, it will be difficult to control the amount of treatment liquid A applied to the strand, resulting in uneven thickness of the first coating layer. Prone.
- the treatment liquid A may contain bases such as ammonia for adjusting the pH, and may also contain stabilizers, anti-aging agents, etc., as necessary.
- the treatment liquid A may contain a filler such as carbon black, and in this case, the cord can have better adhesion to the matrix rubber.
- the strand (including the aggregate) may be continuously immersed in a coating bath containing treatment liquid A, and after the strand is pulled up from the coating bath, excess treatment liquid may be removed and, if necessary, it may be dried.
- the strand on which the first coating has been formed may be used as a cord as it is, or may be subjected to various treatments such as twisting and formation of a second coating layer, which will be described later, as necessary.
- the first coating layer may be formed in an amount corresponding to about 10% to 30% by weight based on the weight of the strand.
- the cord may have a structure in which two or more yarns formed by first twisting strands covered with the first coating layer are bundled and further twisted. In this case, the strength can be further improved and the cord can have better bending fatigue resistance.
- the number of times of first twisting may be about 0.5 to 4 times, preferably about 1.2 to 3 times per 2.54 cm (1 inch) in the length direction.
- the yarns formed by pre-twisting are bundled into a bundle of about 2 to 20 yarns, preferably about 6 to 15 yarns, and then twisted in the length direction 0.5 to 4 times, preferably 1 to 2 times, per 2.54 cm. It may be twisted about 8 times.
- the cord may be covered with a second coating layer containing rubber.
- a cord with improved adhesiveness to the matrix rubber can be obtained.
- the type of rubber is not particularly limited, and may be selected appropriately depending on the type of matrix rubber.
- the coating layer contains CSM as the rubber.
- the second coating layer may be made of nitrile as the above rubber because it has better adhesion. It is preferable to include a group-containing highly saturated copolymer or a mixed rubber having the same composition as the matrix rubber.
- the second covering layer may be, for example, a strand (including an aggregate), a strand (including an aggregate) covered by the first covering layer, or a yarn obtained by further twisting the strand, using rubber or a rubber precursor. It may be formed by impregnating the body with the treatment liquid B in which the body is dissolved and then drying it.
- CSM and highly saturated polymers containing nitrile groups dissolve in aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, and esters such as ethyl acetate, so they cannot be used in processing liquids.
- B may contain these organic substances as a solvent.
- the treatment liquid B may contain a vulcanizing agent, and examples of the vulcanizing agent include, in addition to the above-mentioned maleimide compound and organic diisocyanate compound, sulfur; dicumyl peroxide, and 1,3-bis(t-butyl). Organic peroxides such as peroxy-m-isopropyl)benzene; aromatic nitroso compounds such as p-dinitronaphthalene and p-dinitrosobenzene may also be used.
- the treatment liquid B may contain an inorganic filler, an anti-aging agent, a vulcanization aid, a plasticizer, etc., as necessary.
- the content of substances other than the solvent (rubber, vulcanizing agent, etc.) in treatment liquid B may be set appropriately depending on the type of substance, but is in the range of about 3% by weight to 25% by weight, preferably 5% by weight to If the amount is in the range of about 15% by weight, the second coating layer can be easily formed.
- the content of rubber or rubber precursor in the substance other than the solvent is preferably about 20% to 60% by weight, and if the treatment liquid B contains a vulcanizing agent, the content of the vulcanizing agent in the substance other than the solvent is preferably in the range of about 0.5% to 30% by weight.
- the amount of the substance other than the solvent may be 1
- the treatment liquid B may be applied in an amount of about 15% by weight, preferably about 2% by weight to 6% by weight.
- Examples of rubber products reinforced with the above cords include rubber belts, rubber tires, and rubber hoses.
- An example of a rubber belt is a power transmission belt.
- Examples of transmission belts include meshing transmission belts and friction transmission belts.
- An example of a meshing power transmission belt is a toothed belt typified by an automobile timing belt.
- Examples of friction transmission belts include flat belts, round belts, V belts, and V-ribbed belts. Rubber tires are typically automobile tires or bicycle tires. In cords used for reinforcing rubber products, it is particularly preferred that glass fibers have an excellent modulus of elasticity.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the structure of a rubber belt including a cord.
- the rubber belt 91 has a so-called toothed belt shape and includes a matrix rubber 93 and a plurality of cords 92 embedded in the matrix rubber 93.
- the cords 92 are arranged parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction of the rubber belt 91, in other words, along a direction perpendicular to the belt width direction that is traversed by the protruding portions 94 serving as "teeth.”
- a tooth cloth 95 is attached to the surface of the rubber belt 91 on which the protruding portions 94 are formed for the purpose of suppressing wear and the like.
- the glass fiber or glass filler can also be processed and used in other forms than the above-mentioned cord.
- Other forms include those described above for concrete products.
- the present invention provides a plastic product comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of the glass fiber and glass filler of the present embodiment.
- the plastic product includes a resin composition (matrix resin) and glass fibers or glass filler embedded in the resin composition.
- the plastic product includes a main body and a covering member that covers the surface of the main body, and the covering member contains glass fiber or glass filler. The covering member may further contain a material such as resin.
- Plastic products reinforced with glass fiber are sometimes called FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic).
- the matrix resin may contain a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermosetting resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include epoxy resins, modified epoxy resins such as vinyl ester resins, phenol resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyimide resins, and bismaleimide resins.
- the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyolefin resin, polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyether ether ketone resin, and the like. Resin products containing thermoplastic resins can be easily produced by injection molding, stampable molding, and the like.
- Glass filler (especially chopped strands) may be used to reinforce plastic products.
- Glass fibers and glass fillers used for reinforcing plastic products may be processed as appropriate depending on the type of plastic product. Specifically, fiber sheets containing glass fibers or glass fillers can be used to reinforce plastic products. Glass fibers or glass fillers can also be processed and used in forms other than chopped strands and fiber sheets. Other forms include those described above for concrete products.
- Plastic products reinforced with glass fiber or glass filler of this embodiment include, for example, sports equipment, vehicles such as automobiles, ships, building materials, aircraft, septic tanks, bathtubs, blades for wind power generation, square timbers, poles, tanks, and pipes. It can be used for applications such as sewage pipes (drain pipes), fuel tanks, and home appliances.
- vehicles such as automobiles, ships, building materials, aircraft, septic tanks, bathtubs, blades for wind power generation, square timbers, poles, tanks, and pipes. It can be used for applications such as sewage pipes (drain pipes), fuel tanks, and home appliances.
- plastic products used for sporting goods include fishing lines, fishing rods, golf club shafts, skis, canoes, tennis and badminton rackets and strings.
- Plastic products used in vehicle applications include vehicle bodies, lamp housings, front end panels, bumpers, seat housings, drive shafts, etc.
- Plastic products used for ships include ship bodies, masts, decks, etc.
- Plastic products used in aircraft include primary structural materials, secondary structural materials, interior materials, seats, and accessory members.
- Plastic products used in home appliances include circuit boards, panels, switchgear, insulators, and the main body of home appliances.
- glass fibers and glass fillers may come into contact with acidic liquids such as acid rain. Therefore, in this application, it is particularly preferable that the glass fibers and glass fillers have excellent acid resistance. Glass fibers and glass fillers also need to have a practically sufficient modulus of elasticity.
- glass fiber and glass filler of this embodiment can also be used in high-temperature insulation materials used in vehicle mufflers, engine parts, blast furnaces, and the like.
- the glass fiber and glass filler of this embodiment can also be used in separators used in batteries such as lead-acid batteries.
- Examples 1 to 31 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 The raw materials for general glass compositions such as silicon dioxide are weighed so as to have the respective compositions shown in Tables 2 to 6 (the unit of content of the components is mass %), and mixed to a homogeneous state. A raw material mixed batch was prepared.
- coal ash, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, diboron trioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, zinc oxide, lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate , titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, and diiron trioxide were used.
- the composition of the coal ash used is shown in Table 1.
- the prepared raw material mixed batch was melted at 1500 to 1600°C using an electric furnace, and the molten state was maintained for about 4 hours so that the composition was uniform.
- a part of the obtained molten glass composition (glass melt) is poured out onto an iron plate and slowly cooled to room temperature in an electric furnace to obtain a bulk glass composition sample (plate shape) to be used for evaluation. Obtained.
- the Young's modulus E, working temperature, mass loss rate ⁇ W 1 under acidic solution, and mass loss rate ⁇ W 2 under alkaline solution were measured for the produced glass composition sample (hereinafter abbreviated as sample).
- the measurement method is as follows.
- the platinum ball lifting method refers to the relationship between the load (resistance) applied when a platinum ball is immersed in molten glass and pulled up with uniform motion, and the gravity and buoyancy force acting on the platinum ball. This is a method of measuring viscosity by applying Stokes' law, which describes the relationship between viscosity and falling speed when minute particles settle in a fluid.
- Measurement follows the steps below. 1. Grind the glass composition sample. 2. For the ground sample, a powder sample having a size that passes through a test sieve of 600 ⁇ m and remains on a test sieve of 425 ⁇ m is separated. Note that the test sieve is one specified in JIS Z8801. 3. Weigh 5 g of the separated powder sample. 4. The weighed powder sample is immersed in 80 mL of a 21.2% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 99° C. for 1 hour. 5. After immersion, the supernatant is removed by decantation, the remaining sample is dried, and its mass is measured. 6.
- the mass reduction rate ⁇ W 1 is calculated as the ratio of the difference between the mass of the sample and the mass of the remaining sample to the mass of the sample before being immersed in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Note that, as described above, ⁇ W 1 is an index of acid resistance.
- Measurement follows the steps below. 1. Grind the glass composition sample. 2. For the ground sample, a powder sample having a size that passes through a test sieve of 600 ⁇ m and remains on a test sieve of 425 ⁇ m is separated. Note that the test sieve is one specified in JIS Z8801. 3. Weigh 5 g of the separated powder sample. 4. The weighed powder sample is immersed in 80 mL of a 10% by mass aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 99° C. for 1 hour. 5. After immersion, the supernatant is removed by decantation, the remaining sample is dried, and its mass is measured. 6.
- the mass reduction rate ⁇ W 2 is calculated as the ratio of the difference between the mass of the sample and the mass of the remaining sample to the mass of the sample before being immersed in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. Note that, as described above, ⁇ W 2 is an index of alkali resistance.
- Tables 2 to 6 show the Young's modulus, glass transition temperature, working temperature, mass loss rate ⁇ W 1 under acidic solution, and mass loss rate ⁇ W 2 under alkaline solution of the glass compositions.
- the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31 have a Young's modulus in the range of 89 to 94 GPa, and a mass loss rate ⁇ W 1 in an acidic solution of 0.02 to 0.17% by mass.
- the mass reduction rate ⁇ W 2 under alkaline solution was in the range of 0.03 to 0.18 mass%.
- the glass compositions of Examples had high elastic modulus and improved acid resistance and alkali resistance.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 3 had a T-Fe 2 O 3 content of 25.8% by mass, which exceeded 25% by mass.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 3 had a mass reduction rate ⁇ W 1 of 0.38% by mass in an acidic solution, and was inferior in acid resistance compared to the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 22.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 3 had a mass reduction rate ⁇ W 2 in an alkaline solution of 0.21% by mass, and was inferior in alkali resistance compared to the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 4 had a T-Fe 2 O 3 content of 9.9% by mass, which was less than 10% by mass. In Comparative Example 4, the glass composition underwent phase separation and a homogeneous glass material could not be obtained.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 5 had a T-Fe 2 O 3 content of 9.6% by mass, which was less than 10% by mass.
- the Young's modulus of the glass composition was 87 GPa, and the elasticity was lower than that of the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 7 had a B 2 O 3 content of 11.9% by mass, which exceeded 10% by mass. In Comparative Example 7, a crystal phase was precipitated in the glass composition, and a homogeneous glass material could not be obtained.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 8 SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3 was 66.3% by mass, which exceeded 66% by mass. Furthermore, the glass composition of Comparative Example 8 did not contain MgO and had MgO/(MgO+CaO) of 0. In Comparative Example 8, the Young's modulus of the glass composition was 88 GPa, and the elasticity was lower than that of the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 8, the working temperature of the glass composition was 1203° C., which was a higher value than the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 9 which has a composition corresponding to conventional C glass, had a mass reduction rate ⁇ W 1 of 0.10% by mass in an acidic solution, and a Young's modulus of 78 GPa, compared to Examples 1 to 2. The elasticity was lower than that of glass composition No. 31.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 10 which has a composition corresponding to conventional E glass, had a Young's modulus of 83 GPa, and had lower elasticity than the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31. Furthermore, the glass composition of Comparative Example 10 had a mass reduction rate ⁇ W 2 in an alkaline solution of 0.27% by mass, and was inferior in alkali resistance compared to the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31.
- the glass composition of Comparative Example 11 which has a composition corresponding to conventional alkali-resistant glass (AR glass), had a Young's modulus of 84 GPa, and had lower elasticity than the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 31.
- the glass composition of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and improved acid resistance and alkali resistance, so it can be used not only as a structural member but also as a filler for glass flakes, chopped strands, milled fibers, glass powder, glass beads, etc. Useful. Due to its alkali resistance and high elasticity, it is also particularly useful as a filler for cement.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である、ガラス組成物を提供する。
上記のガラス組成物から構成された、ガラス繊維を提供する。
上記のガラス組成物から構成された、ガラスフィラーを提供する。
上記のガラス組成物を熔融する工程と、
熔融した前記ガラス組成物を紡糸し、ガラス繊維を形成する工程と、
を含む、ガラス繊維の製造方法を提供する。
上記のガラス組成物を熔融する工程と、
熔融した前記ガラス組成物をガラスフィラーへと成形する工程と、
を含む、ガラスフィラーの製造方法を提供する。
<組成>
本発明のガラス組成物において、SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2は、ガラス組成物の骨格を形成する成分である。また、SiO2は、ガラス組成物形成時の失透温度及び粘度を調整する成分であり、ガラス組成物の耐酸性を向上させる成分でもある。ガラス組成物に占めるSiO2の含有率の下限は、例えば45質量%以上であり、45質量%超、46質量%以上、47質量%以上、48質量%以上、49質量%以上、50質量%以上、51質量%以上、52質量%以上、53質量%以上、54質量%以上が好ましい。SiO2の含有率の上限は、例えば62質量%以下であり、62質量%未満、60質量%以下、59質量%以下、58質量%以下、57質量%以下が好ましい。SiO2の含有率は、例えば、45質量%≦SiO2≦62質量%である。
Al2O3は、ガラス組成物の骨格を形成する成分である。また、Al2O3は、ガラス組成物形成時の失透温度及び粘度を調整する成分であり、ガラス組成物の耐水性を向上させる成分でもある。一方、過度のAl2O3の含有は、ガラス組成物の耐酸性や耐アルカリ性を低下させる。Al2O3の含有率の下限は、例えば3質量%以上であり、4質量%以上、4.5質量%以上、5質量%以上、5.5質量%以上、6質量%以上が好ましい。Al2O3の含有率の上限は、例えば9.5質量%以下であり、9質量%以下、8.5質量%以下、8質量%以下、7.5質量%以下、7質量%以下が好ましい。
本発明において、SiO2及びAl2O3の含有率の合計(SiO2+Al2O3)は、ガラス組成物の物性に影響するため重要である。一例として、ガラス組成物における(SiO2+Al2O3)が、50質量%未満又は66質量%超である場合、粘度や失透温度が高くなり、均質なガラスを得ることが難しい傾向がある。さらに、この場合、原料配合物の融点が過度に高くなることによって、熔融炉を用いたガラス組成物の量産に際し、熔融炉内の熔融物の組成を均一に保つことが難しい傾向もある。したがって、ガラス組成物中の(SiO2+Al2O3)は、50質量%以上66質量%以下である。(SiO2+Al2O3)の下限は、例えば52質量%以上であり、53質量%以上、54質量%以上、55質量%以上が好ましい。他方、(SiO2+Al2O3)の上限は、例えば65質量%以下であり、64質量%以下、63質量%以下、62質量%以下、61質量%以下が好ましい。特に、(SiO2+Al2O3)が62質量%以下である場合、ガラス組成物において、後述する作業温度をより低下できる傾向がある。
本発明のガラス組成物において、SiO2及びAl2O3の含有率の合計(SiO2+Al2O3)に対するAl2O3の含有率の比(質量基準)であるAl2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)は、0.05以上0.15未満である。Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)が0.05未満又は0.15以上である場合、ガラス組成物の耐酸性や耐アルカリ性が劣る傾向がある。この場合、原料配合物の融点が過度に高くなることによって、熔融炉を用いたガラス組成物の量産に際し、熔融炉内の熔融物の組成を均一に保つことが難しい傾向もある。さらに、Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)が0.05未満である場合、分相しやすい傾向もある。Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)の下限は、例えば0.06以上であり、0.07以上、0.08以上、0.09以上、0.10以上が好ましい。他方、Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)の上限は、例えば0.14以下であり、0.13以下、0.12以下、0.11以下が好ましい。
本発明のガラス組成物に占めるCaOの含有率は、5質量%以上30質量%以下である。ガラス組成物に占めるCaOの含有率が5質量%未満であると失透温度が高くなり、均質なガラスを得ることが難しい傾向がある。他方、30質量%超であると熔融物の粘度が低すぎて、成形性を欠く傾向がある。CaOの含有率の下限は、例えば8質量%以上であり、10質量%以上、12質量%以上、13質量%以上、14質量%以上、15質量%以上、16質量%以上、17質量%以上、18質量%以上、19質量%以上、20質量%以上が好ましい。他方、CaOの含有率の上限は、例えば28質量%以下であり、26質量%以下、25質量%以下、24質量%以下が好ましい。
本発明のガラス組成物において、Fe2O3は重要な役割を果たす。すなわち、Fe2O3が適度の範囲でガラス組成物に含まれると、ガラス組成物の耐酸性や耐アルカリ性が向上する。さらに、Fe2O3は、ガラス組成物の弾性率を向上させる。他方、ガラス組成物に過度のFe2O3が含まれると耐酸性や耐アルカリ性が低下し、失透することもある。したがって、ガラス組成物中のT-Fe2O3(Fe2O3に換算した全酸化鉄)の含有率は、10質量%超25質量%以下である。ガラス組成物中のT-Fe2O3の含有率の下限は、例えば10.1質量%以上であり、10.5質量%以上、11質量%以上、12質量%以上、13質量%以上、14質量%以上、15質量%以上、15.5質量%以上、16質量%以上が好ましい。また、T-Fe2O3の含有率の上限は、例えば23質量%以下であり、21質量%以下、20質量%以下、19質量%以下、18質量%以下が好ましい。T-Fe2O3の含有率は、例えば、11質量%≦T-Fe2O3≦25質量%である。
本発明のガラス組成物はMgOを含む。適度のMgOを含有することにより、ガラス組成物の耐酸性が向上する。ただし、過度のMgOの含有によって、ガラス組成物が失透しやすく、ガラス組成物の耐アルカリ性が低下する傾向がある。本発明のガラス組成物は、Fe2O3の含有率とMgOの含有率とが適切に調整されることによって、高い弾性率を有する傾向がある。MgOの含有率の下限は、例えば0.01質量%以上であり、0.05質量%以上、0.1質量%以上、0.15質量%以上、0.2質量%以上が好ましい。また、MgOの含有率の上限は、例えば10質量%以下であり、8質量%以下、6質量%以下、5質量%以下、4質量%以下、3質量%以下、2質量%以下が好ましい。MgOの含有率は、例えば、0.1質量%≦MgO≦10質量%である。
本発明において、MgO及びCaOの含有率の合計(MgO+CaO)は、ガラス組成物の物性に影響する。一例として、ガラス組成物における(MgO+CaO)が5質量%未満である場合、失透温度が高くなり、均質なガラスを得ることが難しい傾向がある。他方、(MgO+CaO)が30質量%超である場合、熔融物の粘度が低すぎて、成形性が悪化することがある。(MgO+CaO)の下限は、例えば5質量%以上であり、8質量%以上、10質量%以上、11質量%以上、12質量%以上、13質量%以上、14質量%以上、15質量%以上、16質量%以上、17質量%以上、18質量%以上、19質量%以上、20質量%以上、20.1質量%以上、20.2質量%以上が好ましい。他方、(MgO+CaO)の上限は、例えば30質量%以下であり、28質量%以下、27質量%以下、26質量%以下、25質量%以下、24.5質量%以下、24質量%以下が好ましい。
本発明のガラス組成物において、MgO及びCaOの含有率の合計(MgO+CaO)に対するMgOの含有率の比(質量基準)であるMgO/(MgO+CaO)は、0.001以上0.20以下である。MgO/(MgO+CaO)が0.20を超えると失透しやすく、ガラス組成物の耐アルカリ性が低下する傾向がある。他方、MgO/(MgO+CaO)が0.001未満である場合、MgOを含有することによる耐酸性の向上効果が十分でない傾向がある。MgO/(MgO+CaO)の下限は、例えば0.002以上であり、0.003以上、0.004以上、0.005以上、0.006以上、0.007以上、0.008以上、0.009以上、0.01以上、0.011以上、0.012以上、0.013以上、0.014以上、0.015以上、0.016以上、0.017以上、0.018以上、0.019以上、0.02以上が好ましい。他方、MgO/(MgO+CaO)の上限は、例えば0.18以下であり、0.16以下、0.15以下、0.14以下、0.13以下、0.12以下、0.11以下、0.10以下が好ましい。場合によっては、MgO/(MgO+CaO)の上限は、0.05以下、0.02以下、0.015以下、0.01以下であってもよい。
B2O3は、SiO2、Al2O3と同様に、ガラス組成物の骨格を形成し得る。B2O3をガラス組成物に含ませることにより、熔融時の粘度を、ガラスの製造に適した範囲とすることができる。したがって、本発明のガラス組成物はB2O3を含んでいてもよい。ただし、ガラス組成物がB2O3を過度に含有すると耐酸性や耐アルカリ性が低下し、失透や分相する傾向を示す。本発明のガラス組成物に占めるB2O3の含有率は、0質量%以上10質量%以下である。B2O3の含有率の下限は、例えば0.1質量%以上であり、0.2質量%以上が好ましい。また、B2O3の含有率の上限は、例えば8質量%以下であり、6質量%以下、4質量%以下、2質量%以下、1質量%以下が好ましい。B2O3の含有率は、0.1質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%であってもよい。なお、B2O3は実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。
本発明において、SiO2及びB2O3の含有率の合計(SiO2+B2O3)は、ガラス組成物の物性に影響する。一例として、ガラス組成物における(SiO2+B2O3)が、50質量%未満又は66質量%超である場合、失透温度が高くなり、均質なガラスを得ることが難しいことがある。さらに、この場合、原料配合物の融点が過度に高くなることによって、熔融炉を用いたガラス組成物の量産に際し、熔融炉内の熔融物の組成を均一に保つことが難しいこともある。したがって、ガラス組成物中の(SiO2+B2O3)は、50質量%以上66質量%以下であることが好ましい。(SiO2+B2O3)の下限は、例えば52質量%以上であり、53質量%以上、54質量%以上、55質量%以上が好ましい。他方、(SiO2+B2O3)の上限は、例えば65質量%以下であり、64質量%以下、63質量%以下、62質量%以下、61質量%以下、60質量%以下、59質量%以下、58質量%以下、57質量%以下が好ましい。
アルカリ金属酸化物(Li2O、Na2O、K2O)は、ガラス組成物の融点を下げ、熔融物の流動性を高める。このため、熔融炉を用いたガラス組成物の量産にて、熔融炉内の熔融物の組成を均一に保つ効果を奏する。したがって、本発明のガラス組成物も適量のアルカリ金属酸化物(Li2O、Na2O、K2O)を含むことができる。ただし、過度に含まれると、ヤング率や耐アルカリ性が低下し、失透することもある。
本発明のガラス組成物はSrOを含んでいてもよい。SrOをガラス組成物に含ませることにより、熔融時の失透温度及び粘度を、ガラスの製造に適した範囲とすることができる。他方、ガラス組成物がSrOを過度に含むとガラス組成物のヤング率、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性が低下する。したがって、ガラス組成物中のSrOの含有率の上限は、例えば15質量%以下であり、12質量%以下、10質量%以下、9質量%以下、8質量%以下、7質量%以下、6質量%以下、5質量%以下、4質量%以下、3質量%以下、2質量%以下、1質量%以下、0.5質量%以下、0.1質量%以下が好ましい。SrOは実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。場合によっては、SrOの含有率の下限は、例えば0.1質量%以上であり、0.5質量%以上、1質量%以上であってもよい。SrOの含有率は、0.1質量%≦SrO≦10質量%であってもよい。
本発明のガラス組成物はBaOを含んでいてもよい。BaOをガラス組成物に含ませることにより、熔融時の失透温度及び粘度を、ガラスの製造に適した範囲とすることができる。他方、ガラス組成物がBaOを過度に含むとガラス組成物のヤング率、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性が低下する。したがって、ガラス組成物中のBaOの含有率の上限は、例えば10質量%以下であり、8質量%以下、6質量%以下、4質量%以下、2質量%以下、1質量%以下、0.5質量%以下、0.1質量%以下が好ましい。BaOは実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。
本発明のガラス組成物はZnOを含んでいてもよい。ZnOをガラス組成物に含ませることにより、熔融時の失透温度及び粘度を、ガラスの製造に適した範囲とすることができる。他方、ガラス組成物がZnOを過度に含むとガラス組成物のヤング率、耐酸性、耐アルカリ性が低下する。したがって、ガラス組成物中のZnOの含有率の上限は、例えば10質量%以下であり、8質量%以下、6質量%以下、4質量%以下、3質量%以下、2質量%以下、1質量%以下、0.5質量%以下、0.1質量%以下が好ましい。ZnOは実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。
本発明のガラス組成物はTiO2を含んでいてもよい。TiO2をガラス組成物に含ませることにより、熔融時の粘度を、ガラスの製造に適した範囲とすることができる。他方、ガラス組成物が過度にTiO2を含むと失透しやすくなる。したがって、ガラス組成物中のTiO2の含有率の上限は、例えば10質量%以下であり、5質量%以下、4質量%以下、3質量%以下、2質量%以下、1質量%以下、0.5質量%以下が好ましい。TiO2の含有率の下限は、例えば0.1質量%以上であり、0.2質量%以上であってもよい。TiO2は実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。TiO2の含有率は、0.1質量%≦TiO2≦10質量%であってもよい。
本発明のガラス組成物はZrO2を含んでいてもよい。ZrO2をガラス組成物に含ませることにより、熔融時の粘度を、ガラスの製造に適した範囲とすることができる。他方、ガラス組成物が過度にZrO2を含むと失透しやすくなる。したがって、ガラス組成物中のZrO2の含有率の上限は、例えば10質量%以下であり、9質量%以下、8質量%以下、7質量%以下、6質量%以下、5質量%以下、4質量%以下、3質量%以下、2質量%以下、1質量%以下、0.5質量%以下、0.1質量%以下が好ましい。ZrO2は実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。場合によっては、ZrO2の含有率の下限は、例えば0.1質量%以上であり、0.2質量%以上であってもよい。ZrO2の含有率は、0.1質量%≦ZrO2≦10質量%であってもよい。
本発明のガラス組成物はMnO2を含んでいてもよい。MnO2をガラス組成物に含ませることにより、熔融時の粘度を、ガラスの製造に適した範囲とすることができる。他方、ガラス組成物が過度にMnO2を含むと失透しやすい。したがって、ガラス組成物中のT-MnO2(MnO2に換算した全酸化マンガン)の含有率の上限は、例えば5質量%以下であり、2質量%以下、1質量%以下、0.5質量%以下、0.1質量%以下が好ましい。T-MnO2は実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。
本発明のガラス組成物は、その他の成分として、P2O5、PbO、Bi2O3、La2O3、WO3、Nb2O5、Y2O3、MoO3、Ta2O5、Cr2O3、CuO及びCoOからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を、それぞれ、0質量%以上5質量%以下の含有率で含んでいてもよい。これらの成分の許容される含有率は、それぞれについて、例えば2質量%未満であり、1質量%未満、0.5質量%未満、0.1質量%未満であってもよい。これらの成分の許容される含有率の合計は、例えば5質量%以下であり、2質量%未満、1質量%未満、0.5質量%未満、0.1質量%未満であってもよい。ただし、上記その他の成分は、それぞれ実質的に含まれていなくてもよい。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
45質量%≦SiO2≦62質量%、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0.1質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、MgO、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
0.1質量%≦MgO≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO、TiO2及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
0.1質量%≦SrO≦15質量%
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO、TiO2及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
0.1質量%≦TiO2≦10質量%
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO、ZrO2及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
0.1質量%≦ZrO2≦10質量%
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO、Li2O、Na2O、K2O及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
0.1質量%≦Li2O+Na2O+K2O≦5質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
50質量%≦SiO2+B2O3≦66質量%
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
11質量%≦T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である。
本発明のガラス組成物を得るに際し、上述した組成範囲に収まるのであれば、原料に制約はない。特に、原料の一部として石炭灰を使用することが好ましい。言い換えると、本発明のガラス組成物は、石炭灰を原料として含むことが好ましい。ただし、石炭灰を使用しなくてもよい。
本発明のガラス組成物の特性について、以下、説明する。
ガラス組成物は、ヤング率が高いほど弾力性が良好である。ヤング率が高いガラス組成物によれば、ガラス繊維やガラスフィラーにより強化された複合材料の機械特性を向上させることができる。ここで、ヤング率(GPa)は、通常の超音波法により、ガラス中を伝播する弾性波の縦波速度と横波速度とを測定し、これらの速度と、別途アルキメデス法により測定したガラスの密度とから求めることができる。ヤング率の下限は、例えば85GPa以上であり、86GPa以上、87GPa以上、88GPa以上、89GPa以上であってもよい。ヤング率の上限は、例えば100GPa以下であり、99GPa以下、98GPa以下、97GPa以下、96GPa以下、95GPa以下、94GPa以下であってもよい。
ガラス転移温度(ガラス転移点)は、ガラスの耐熱性の指標となる。ガラス転移温度の下限は、560℃以上、580℃以上、600℃以上、610℃以上、620℃以上、630℃以上、640℃以上、650℃以上、660℃以上、さらに670℃以上でありうる。ガラス転移温度の上限は、800℃以下、780℃以下、760℃以下、750℃以下、740℃以下、さらに730℃以下でありうる。
熔融ガラスの粘度が1000dPa・sec(1000poise)となるときの温度は、当該ガラスの作業温度と呼ばれ、ガラス繊維やガラスフィラーの成形に最も適する温度である。ガラス繊維やガラスフィラーとして鱗片状ガラス又はガラス繊維を製造する場合、ガラスの作業温度が1000℃以上であれば、鱗片状ガラスの厚さ又はガラス繊維径のばらつきを小さくできる。作業温度が1450℃以下であれば、ガラスを熔融する際の燃料費を低減でき、ガラス製造装置が熱による腐食を受け難くなり、装置寿命が延びる。作業温度の下限は、例えば1000℃以上であり、1050℃以上、1100℃以上であってもよい。作業温度の上限は、例えば1450℃以下であり、1400℃以下、1350℃以下、1300℃以下、1250℃以下、1200℃以下、1190℃以下、1180℃以下、1170℃以下、1160℃以下、1150℃以下、1140℃以下であってもよい。
耐酸性の指標としては、後述する質量減少率ΔW1が採用され、このΔW1が小さいほど耐酸性が高いことを示す。ガラス組成物を複合材料などの補強材として用いる場合、ガラス組成物のΔW1は0.50質量%以下であることが好ましい。本発明のガラス組成物のΔW1は、例えば0.40質量%以下であり、0.30質量%以下、0.20質量%以下、0.17質量%以下、0.15質量%以下、0.10質量%以下、さらには0.05質量%以下であることが好ましい。ΔW1の下限は、特に限定されず、例えば0.02質量%以上である。
本実施形態のガラス繊維は、上述したガラス組成物により構成される。本実施形態のガラス繊維は、ガラス長繊維であってもよく、ガラス短繊維であってもよい。ガラス短繊維は、綿状の形態を有しているためにグラスウールと呼ばれることもある。ガラス繊維の平均繊維径は、例えば0.1~50μmである。
本実施形態のガラスフィラーは、上述したガラス組成物により構成される。ガラスフィラーの形態は、特に制限されない。ガラスフィラーは、例えば、鱗片状ガラス、チョップドストランド、ミルドファイバー、ガラス粉末、及びガラスビーズから選ばれる少なくとも1種であってよい。ただし、これらの形態は、互いに厳密に区別されるものではない。本実施形態のガラスフィラーは、互いに異なる形態を有する2種以上のガラスフィラーを組み合わせたものであってもよい。
本実施形態のガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーは、種々の製品の補強に用いることができる。一例として、ガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーは、コンクリート製品の補強、ゴム製品の補強、又はプラスチック製品の補強に用いられてもよい。
上述のとおり、ガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーは、コンクリート製品の補強に用いられてもよい。本発明は、その別の側面から、本実施形態のガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを備えるコンクリート製品を提供する。好ましい一形態では、コンクリート製品は、セメント組成物と、セメント組成物に埋め込まれたガラス繊維又はガラスフィラーとを有する。別の好ましい一形態では、コンクリート製品は、本体部と、当該本体部の表面を被覆する被覆部材とを備え、当該被覆部材がガラス繊維又はガラスフィラーを含んでいる。被覆部材は、例えば、樹脂やセメントなどの材料をさらに含んでいてもよい。
チョップドストランドは、例えば、セメント組成物と混合して使用することができる。なお、チョップドストランドは、ストランド束から形成された「集束チョップドストランド」と、1本のストランドから形成された「非集束チョップドストランド」とに分類することができる。一例として、非集束チョップドストランドとセメント組成物の混合物は、コンクリート製品の本体部の表面に吹き付けられることによって、本体部の表面を被覆する被覆部材を形成することができる。この被覆部材によれば、本体部の表面からコンクリート材料が剥がれ落ちることを抑制できる。一方、集束チョップドストランドとセメント組成物の混合物は、コンクリート製品全体の補強に適している。この混合物における集束チョップドストランドは、土塀やモルタルに利用される藁と同様の役割を担う。
繊維シートは、織布であってもよく、不織布であってもよい。織布としては、例えば、経糸及び/又は緯糸としてロービングやヤーンを用いたクロスが挙げられる。不織布としては、例えば、チョップドストランドから形成されたチョップドストランドマットが挙げられる。不織布は、短繊維のガラス繊維から形成されていてもよい。
ロッドは、例えば、ガラス繊維が束ねられてなる。一例として、ロッドは、ガラス繊維を組紐状に編むことによって作製される。ロッドにおいて、束ねられたガラス繊維は、セメントや、エポキシ樹脂などの樹脂によって固められていてもよい。ロッドは、例えば、鉄筋の代替として利用することができる。
ガラス繊維又はガラスフィラーで補強されるコンクリート製品の例は、上述したものに限定されない。ガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーは、種々のコンクリート製品の骨材、補強材などに用いることができる。ガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーは、良好な機械的特性及び熱安定性を有する傾向もあるため、耐熱性が求められるコンクリート製品(例えば、発電所、溶融炉、コークス炉などに使用されるコンクリート製品)、あるいは耐火性が求められる建材(例えば、建築物の耐火構造、耐火被覆材など)に用いることもできる。
上述のとおり、ガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーは、ゴム製品の補強に用いられてもよい。本発明は、その別の側面から、本実施形態のガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを備えるゴム製品を提供する。一例として、ゴム製品は、ゴム組成物(マトリクスゴム)と、ゴム組成物に埋め込まれたガラス繊維又はガラスフィラーとを有する。
コード(ゴム補強用コード)は、上記のガラス繊維(ゴム補強用繊維)が束ねられてなるストランドを備えている。ストランドに含まれるガラス繊維の数は、特に限定されず、例えば100~2000本、典型的には200~600本である。ストランドは、ガラス繊維を紡糸する際に、ストランドの形成に一般的に用いられる集束剤、例えば、エラストマー系集束剤により、紡糸した所定数のガラス繊維を束ねることにより形成できる。形成したストランドは、コレットなどに巻き取り、乾燥などの所定の処理を行ってもよい。
ガラス繊維又はガラスフィラーは、上記のコード以外の他の形態に加工して用いることもできる。他の形態としては、コンクリート製品について上述した形態などが挙げられる。
上述のとおり、ガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーは、プラスチック製品(樹脂製品)の補強に用いられてもよい。本発明は、その別の側面から、本実施形態のガラス繊維及びガラスフィラーからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つを備えるプラスチック製品を提供する。好ましい一形態では、プラスチック製品は、樹脂組成物(マトリクス樹脂)と、樹脂組成物に埋め込まれたガラス繊維又はガラスフィラーとを有する。別の好ましい一形態では、プラスチック製品は、本体部と、当該本体部の表面を被覆する被覆部材とを備え、当該被覆部材がガラス繊維又はガラスフィラーを含んでいる。被覆部材は、例えば、樹脂などの材料をさらに含んでいてもよい。ガラス繊維で補強されたプラスチック製品は、FRP(Fiber Reinforced Plastic)と呼ばれることがある。
表2~6に示す各組成(成分の含有率の単位は質量%)となるように二酸化ケイ素等の一般的なガラス組成物の原料を秤量し、均質な状態となるように混合して、原料混合バッチを作製した。特に、実施例1~31及び比較例1~8においては、石炭灰、二酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、三酸化二ホウ素、酸化マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化亜鉛、炭酸リチウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、二酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウム、三酸化二鉄を使用した。なお、使用した石炭灰の組成を表1に示す。
試料を切断し、各面を鏡面研磨して25×25×5mmの板状サンプルを作製し、アルキメデス法によりサンプルの密度ρを測定した。また、ヤング率は、JIS R1602-1995の超音波パルス法に準じて測定した。具体的には、前述の密度測定に用いたサンプルを用い、超音波パルスが伝播する音速を縦波と横波について測定し、前述の密度とともに下記の数式に代入して、ヤング率を算出した。なお、伝播速度は、オリンパス株式会社製の超音波厚さ計MODEL 25DL PLUSを用い、周波数20kHzの超音波パルスがサンプルの厚み方向に伝播し反射して戻ってくるまでの時間を、伝播距離(サンプルの厚さの2倍)で除して算出した。
E=3ρ・vt 2・(vl 2-4/3・vt 2)/(vl 2-vt 2)
E:ヤング率(GPa)
ρ:密度(kg/m3)
vl:縦波速度(m/s)
vt:横波速度(m/s)
得られたガラス組成物について、市販の膨張計〔(株)リガク、熱機械分析装置、TMA8510〕を用いて平均線膨張係数を測定し、TMA装置から得た熱膨張曲線に基づいて、ガラス転移温度を得た。
得られたガラス組成物について、通常の白金球引き上げ法により粘度と温度との関係を調べ、その結果から作業温度を求めた。ここで、白金球引き上げ法とは、熔融ガラス中に白金球を浸し、その白金球を等速運動で引き上げる際の負荷荷重(抵抗)と、白金球に働く重力及び浮力などとの関係を、微小の粒子が流体中を沈降する際の粘度と落下速度との関係を示したストークス(Stokes)の法則にあてはめることにより、粘度を測定する方法である。
質量減少率ΔW1及びΔW2の測定は、一般社団法人日本光学硝子工業会が定める規格「光学ガラスの化学的耐久性の測定方法(粉末法)」(JOGIS 06)に準拠して行った。
測定は以下の手順による。
1.ガラス組成物試料を粉砕する。
2.粉砕試料について、試験用ふるい600μmを通過し、試験用ふるい425μmにとどまる大きさの粉末試料を分別する。なお、試験用ふるいは、JIS Z8801に規定されるものである。
3.分別した粉末試料を5g秤量する。
4.秤量した粉末試料を21.2質量%の硫酸水溶液80mLに99℃で1時間浸漬する。
5.浸漬後、傾斜法(デカンテーション)により上澄みを除去し、残留試料を乾固し、その質量を測定する。
6.硫酸水溶液に浸漬させる前の試料の質量に対する、当該試料の質量と残留試料の質量との差の比率として、質量減少率ΔW1を算出する。
なお、上述のとおり、ΔW1は、耐酸性の指標である。
測定は以下の手順による。
1.ガラス組成物試料を粉砕する。
2.粉砕試料について、試験用ふるい600μmを通過し、試験用ふるい425μmにとどまる大きさの粉末試料を分別する。なお、試験用ふるいはJIS Z8801に規定されるものである。
3.分別した粉末試料を5g秤量する。
4.秤量した粉末試料を10質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液80mLに99℃で1時間浸漬する。
5.浸漬後、傾斜法(デカンテーション)により上澄みを除去し、残留試料を乾固し、その質量を測定する。
6.水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬させる前の試料の質量に対する、当該試料の質量と残留試料の質量との差の比率として、質量減少率ΔW2を算出する。
なお、上述のとおり、ΔW2は、耐アルカリ性の指標である。
Claims (21)
- SiO2、Al2O3、B2O3、CaO及びT-Fe2O3の含有率が、
50質量%≦SiO2+Al2O3≦66質量%、
0質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%、
5質量%≦CaO≦30質量%、
10質量%<T-Fe2O3≦25質量%、
であり、
Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)により算出される質量比が0.05以上0.15未満であり、
MgO/(MgO+CaO)により算出される質量比が0.001以上0.20以下である、ガラス組成物。 - SiO2の含有率が、45質量%≦SiO2≦62質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- B2O3の含有率が、0.1質量%≦B2O3≦10質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- MgOの含有率が、0.1質量%≦MgO≦10質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- SrOの含有率が、0.1質量%≦SrO≦15質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- TiO2の含有率が、0.1質量%≦TiO2≦10質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- ZrO2の含有率が、0.1質量%≦ZrO2≦10質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- Li2O、Na2O及びK2Oの含有率が、0.1質量%≦Li2O+Na2O+K2O≦5質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- SiO2及びB2O3の含有率が、50質量%≦SiO2+B2O3≦66質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- T-Fe2O3の含有率が、11質量%≦T-Fe2O3≦25質量%である、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- 石炭灰を原料として含む、請求項1に記載のガラス組成物。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物から構成された、ガラス繊維。
- コンクリート製品の補強、ゴム製品の補強、又はプラスチック製品の補強に用いられる、請求項12に記載のガラス繊維。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物から構成された、ガラスフィラー。
- コンクリート製品の補強、ゴム製品の補強、又はプラスチック製品の補強に用いられる、請求項14に記載のガラスフィラー。
- 鱗片状ガラス、チョップドストランド、ミルドファイバー、ガラス粉末、及びガラスビーズからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項14に記載のガラスフィラー。
- 鱗片状ガラスである、請求項16に記載のガラスフィラー。
- チョップドストランドである、請求項16に記載のガラスフィラー。
- ミルドファイバーである、請求項16に記載のガラスフィラー。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物を熔融する工程と、
熔融した前記ガラス組成物を紡糸し、ガラス繊維を形成する工程と、
を含む、ガラス繊維の製造方法。 - 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のガラス組成物を熔融する工程と、
熔融した前記ガラス組成物をガラスフィラーへと成形する工程と、
を含む、ガラスフィラーの製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024540448A JPWO2024034545A1 (ja) | 2022-08-08 | 2023-08-04 | |
| CN202380057942.0A CN119698398A (zh) | 2022-08-08 | 2023-08-04 | 玻璃组合物、玻璃纤维、玻璃填料、玻璃纤维的制造方法及玻璃填料的制造方法 |
| EP23852507.5A EP4570767A1 (en) | 2022-08-08 | 2023-08-04 | Glass composition, glass fibers, glass filler, production method for glass fibers, and production method for glass filler |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022126103 | 2022-08-08 | ||
| JP2022-126103 | 2022-08-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024034545A1 true WO2024034545A1 (ja) | 2024-02-15 |
Family
ID=89851771
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2023/028653 Ceased WO2024034545A1 (ja) | 2022-08-08 | 2023-08-04 | ガラス組成物、ガラス繊維、ガラスフィラー、ガラス繊維の製造方法、及びガラスフィラーの製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4570767A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2024034545A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN119698398A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202415632A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024034545A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001524063A (ja) * | 1996-10-31 | 2001-11-27 | オウェンス コーニング | 無機繊維組成物 |
| WO2004076372A1 (ja) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-10 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | 鱗片状ガラスおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2006002543A (ja) | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-05 | Hiroyasu Minayoshi | コンクリート製の電柱の補強方法およびコンクリート製の電柱 |
| JP2020529378A (ja) | 2018-07-03 | 2020-10-08 | タイシャン ファイバーグラス インクTaishan Fiberglass Inc. | 玄武岩を原料とするハイモジュラスガラス繊維組成物 |
| WO2022131222A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-23 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 補強用ガラス繊維、チョップドストランド、繊維シート及びロッド |
-
2023
- 2023-08-04 CN CN202380057942.0A patent/CN119698398A/zh active Pending
- 2023-08-04 JP JP2024540448A patent/JPWO2024034545A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-08-04 WO PCT/JP2023/028653 patent/WO2024034545A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-04 EP EP23852507.5A patent/EP4570767A1/en active Pending
- 2023-08-08 TW TW112129753A patent/TW202415632A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001524063A (ja) * | 1996-10-31 | 2001-11-27 | オウェンス コーニング | 無機繊維組成物 |
| WO2004076372A1 (ja) * | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-10 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | 鱗片状ガラスおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2006002543A (ja) | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-05 | Hiroyasu Minayoshi | コンクリート製の電柱の補強方法およびコンクリート製の電柱 |
| JP2020529378A (ja) | 2018-07-03 | 2020-10-08 | タイシャン ファイバーグラス インクTaishan Fiberglass Inc. | 玄武岩を原料とするハイモジュラスガラス繊維組成物 |
| WO2022131222A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-23 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 補強用ガラス繊維、チョップドストランド、繊維シート及びロッド |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| MASAYUKI YAMANE ET AL.: "Glass Engineering Handbook", 1999, ASAKURA PUBLISHING CO., LTD., pages: 514 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN119698398A (zh) | 2025-03-25 |
| TW202415632A (zh) | 2024-04-16 |
| EP4570767A1 (en) | 2025-06-18 |
| JPWO2024034545A1 (ja) | 2024-02-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7629279B2 (en) | Glass fiber | |
| KR101758938B1 (ko) | 향상된 모듈러스의 리튬프리 유리 | |
| US9783454B2 (en) | High strength glass composition and fibers | |
| JP7448741B2 (ja) | 高性能繊維ガラス組成物 | |
| CN110072824B (zh) | 玻璃纤维用组合物和玻璃纤维、含有玻璃纤维的含玻璃纤维的复合材料、以及玻璃纤维的制造方法 | |
| EP2655276B1 (en) | High strength glass composition and fibers | |
| US20170305782A1 (en) | Glass Compositions and Fibers Made Therefrom | |
| US20200165158A1 (en) | High performance fiberglass composition with improved specific modulus | |
| JP2010507557A (ja) | ガラス強化ヤーン製造のための、化学媒体に対して抵抗性を有するガラス組成物 | |
| KR20210096140A (ko) | 향상된 탄성 계수를 갖는 고성능 섬유 유리 조성물 | |
| JP2023095934A (ja) | 補強用ガラス繊維、チョップドストランド、繊維シート及びロッド | |
| KR102837363B1 (ko) | 높은 모듈러스를 위한 섬유 유리 조성물 | |
| WO2012052841A1 (en) | Glass composition for producing high strength and high modulus fibers | |
| WO2024034545A1 (ja) | ガラス組成物、ガラス繊維、ガラスフィラー、ガラス繊維の製造方法、及びガラスフィラーの製造方法 | |
| WO2024034546A1 (ja) | ガラス組成物、ガラス繊維、ガラスフィラー、ガラス繊維の製造方法、及びガラスフィラーの製造方法 | |
| JP4465705B2 (ja) | ガラス組成物およびガラス繊維 | |
| WO2024105894A1 (ja) | ガラス繊維およびガラス繊維用組成物 | |
| CN115151701A (zh) | 具有改进模量的复合材料部件 | |
| CN222099817U (zh) | 一种混凝土增韧用玄武岩纤维复合结构 | |
| JP2025104995A (ja) | ガラス繊維用集束剤、ガラスストランド、及びセメント複合材 | |
| CN114524650B (zh) | 一种树脂裹覆无机非金属纤维复合束增强增韧水泥基材料及其制备方法 | |
| US20250263328A1 (en) | Lithium-free high modulus fiberglass composition | |
| JP2017119590A (ja) | ガラスストランド、ガラスロービング及びその製造方法 | |
| TW202330430A (zh) | 玻璃纖維 | |
| WO2023190980A1 (ja) | ガラス繊維 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23852507 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2024540448 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: 202380057942.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023852507 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023852507 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20250310 |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 202380057942.0 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2023852507 Country of ref document: EP |