WO2024029241A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024029241A1 WO2024029241A1 PCT/JP2023/023995 JP2023023995W WO2024029241A1 WO 2024029241 A1 WO2024029241 A1 WO 2024029241A1 JP 2023023995 W JP2023023995 W JP 2023023995W WO 2024029241 A1 WO2024029241 A1 WO 2024029241A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
- C01G53/502—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing lithium and cobalt
- C01G53/504—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing lithium and cobalt with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.5, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.5
- C01G53/506—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2 containing lithium and cobalt with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.5, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.5 with the molar ratio of nickel with respect to all the metals other than alkali metals higher than or equal to 0.8, e.g. Li(MzNixCoyMn1-x-y-z)O2 with x ≥ 0.8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing Ca and W in a predetermined ratio in order to achieve both low-temperature output characteristics and high-temperature cycle characteristics.
- a lithium-transition metal composite oxide with a Ni content of 75% or more has a large initial charge capacity, but tends to cause side reactions with the non-aqueous electrolyte, so the charge-discharge cycle characteristics may deteriorate.
- the technique described in Patent Document 1 does not consider improving battery characteristics using a lithium transition metal composite oxide with a high Ni content, and there is still room for improvement.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a positive electrode active material that contributes to improving the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- M1 contains a lithium transition metal composite oxide represented by at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, Si, Al, and Zr;
- the object includes secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles, and the surface of the primary particles contains at least one element of Ca and Sr and a group consisting of W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr.
- first surface modification layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si on the surface of the secondary particles. It is characterized by the presence of a second surface modification layer containing at least one selected element.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising a positive electrode containing the above-described positive electrode active material, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved charge-discharge cycle characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment.
- a transition metal layer and a Li layer are present in the layered structure of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide, and Li ions present in the Li layer reversibly move in and out, thereby progressing the charging/discharging reaction of the battery.
- lithium nickelate-based lithium transition metal composite oxides containing Ni as a main component are known as high-capacity positive electrode active materials, and the Ni content in lithium transition metal composite oxides is It is preferable that the amount is 75 mol% or more based on the total number of moles of the elements.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide also contains 0 mol% to 15 mol% of Co, 0 mol% to 25 mol% of Mn, and 0 mol% of the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li. It can contain up to 10 mol% of M1 (M1 is at least one element selected from W, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, Si, Al, and Zr).
- M1 is at least one element selected from W, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, Si, Al, and Zr.
- secondary batteries using such lithium-transition metal composite oxides may have degraded charge-discharge cycle characteristics due to side reactions with non-aqueous electrolytes.
- the present inventors found that the surface of the primary particles of lithium transition metal composite oxide contains at least one element selected from Ca and Sr, W, A first surface modification layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr is formed, and on the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, By forming a second surface modification layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si, charge-discharge cycle characteristics are improved. I found it. It is presumed that the second surface modification layer protects the secondary particle surface and the first surface modification layer, suppresses side reactions with the nonaqueous electrolyte, and specifically improves charge/discharge cycle characteristics.
- a cylindrical battery in which a wound type electrode body is housed in a cylindrical exterior body is illustrated, but the electrode body is not limited to the wound type, and a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are housed in a separator. It may also be of a laminated type in which the sheets are alternately laminated one by one. Further, the exterior body is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be, for example, square, coin-shaped, etc., or may be a battery case made of a laminate sheet including a metal layer and a resin layer.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a cylindrical secondary battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
- the secondary battery 10 includes a wound electrode body 14, an electrolyte, and an exterior body 16 that houses the electrode body 14 and the electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 includes a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13, and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound with the separator 13 in between.
- the exterior body 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container with an opening on one side in the axial direction, and the opening of the exterior body 16 is closed by a sealing body 17 .
- the sealing body 17 side of the battery will be referred to as the top
- the bottom side of the exterior body 16 will be referred to as the bottom.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 that constitute the electrode body 14 are all rectangular elongated bodies, and are wound in a spiral shape in the longitudinal direction so that they are arranged alternately in the radial direction of the electrode body 14. Laminated. Separator 13 isolates positive electrode 11 and negative electrode 12 from each other.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed to be one size larger than the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent precipitation of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal and lateral directions.
- the two separators 13 are formed to be at least one size larger than the positive electrode 11, and are arranged to sandwich the positive electrode 11, for example.
- the electrode body 14 includes a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- the longitudinal direction of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 is the winding direction
- the lateral direction of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 is the axial direction. That is, the end surfaces of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 in the lateral direction form the end surfaces of the electrode body 14 in the axial direction.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 passes through the through hole of the insulating plate 18 and extends toward the sealing body 17, and the negative electrode lead 21 passes through the outside of the insulating plate 19 and extends toward the bottom side of the exterior body 16.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected by welding or the like to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 and electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the bottom inner surface of the exterior body 16 by welding or the like, and the exterior body 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the exterior body 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure airtightness inside the battery.
- the exterior body 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing body 17 and has a part of the side surface protruding inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the exterior body 16, and supports the sealing body 17 on its upper surface.
- the sealing body 17 is fixed to the upper part of the exterior body 16 by the grooved portion 22 and the open end of the exterior body 16 caulked to the sealing body 17 .
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are laminated in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at their respective central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between their respective peripheral portions.
- the positive electrode 11, negative electrode 12, separator 13, and non-aqueous electrolyte that constitute the secondary battery 10 will be explained in detail, especially the positive electrode 11.
- the positive electrode 11 includes, for example, a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer is preferably formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- a metal foil such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, a film having the metal disposed on the surface, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes, for example, a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m on one side of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode 11 can be made, for example, by coating a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, etc. on the surface of a positive electrode current collector, drying the coating film, and then rolling the positive electrode mixture layer to form a positive electrode current collector. It can be produced by forming it on both sides of.
- Examples of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include carbon-based particles such as carbon black (CB), acetylene black (AB), Ketjen black, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, and graphite. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer examples include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, and polyacrylonitrile ( PAN), etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyimide resins, acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, and polyacrylonitrile ( PAN), etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer contains a lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide includes secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles.
- the particle size of the primary particles constituting the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide is, for example, 0.02 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of a primary particle is measured as the diameter of a circumscribed circle in a particle image observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average particle diameter of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide is, for example, 2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter means the volume-based median diameter (D50).
- D50 means a particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smallest particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called the median diameter.
- the particle size distribution of the secondary particles of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide can be measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (for example, MT3000II manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.) using water as a dispersion medium.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a layered structure.
- the layered structure of the lithium transition metal composite oxide include a layered structure belonging to space group R-3m, a layered structure belonging to space group C2/m, and the like.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide preferably has a layered structure belonging to space group R-3m from the viewpoint of high capacity and stability of crystal structure.
- the layered structure of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide may include a transition metal layer and a Li layer.
- the content of metal elements contained in the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is measured, for example, by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- Ni content in the lithium transition metal composite oxide By setting the Ni content in the lithium transition metal composite oxide to 75 mol% to 95 mol%, a high capacity battery can be obtained.
- the content of Co in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is 0 mol% to 15 mol%, and Co is an optional component. In other words, the lithium transition metal composite oxide does not need to contain Co. By containing Co, the lithium transition metal composite oxide can improve the heat resistance of the battery.
- the content of Mn in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is 0 mol% to 25 mol%, and Mn is an optional component. In other words, the lithium transition metal composite oxide does not need to contain Mn.
- the crystal structure of the lithium transition metal composite oxide can be stabilized by containing Mn.
- the content of M1 (M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, Si, Al, and Zr) in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is 0 mol % to 10 mol %. %, and M1 is an optional component. In other words, the lithium transition metal composite oxide does not need to contain M1.
- the surface of the primary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains at least one element of Ca and Sr (hereinafter referred to as "M2") and an element selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr.
- M2 Ca and Sr
- M3 a first surface modification layer containing at least one element
- the surface of a primary particle includes the surface of a secondary particle, and specifically means the surface of a secondary particle and the interface between primary particles.
- the first surface modification layer may be present in a dotted manner so as to cover at least a portion of the surface of the primary particle, or may be present so as to cover the entire surface of the primary particle.
- the total amount of M2 contained in the first surface modification layer is preferably 3 mol% or less, more preferably 1 mol%, based on the total molar amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide. It is not more than 0.5 mol%, more preferably not more than 0.5 mol%.
- the lower limit of the total amount of M2 is, for example, 0.01 mol%.
- the total amount of M3 contained in the first surface modification layer is 2 mol% or less, more preferably 1 mol% or less, based on the total molar amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- the content is more preferably 0.5 mol% or less.
- the lower limit of the total amount of M3 is, for example, 0.01 mol%.
- the presence of the first surface modification layer on the surface of the primary particle of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, the presence of M2 contained in the first surface modification layer, and the presence of M3 contained in the first surface modification layer are determined by TEM. - It can be confirmed by measuring the cross section of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide using EDX (transmission microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). Further, the total amount of M2 and the total amount of M3 can each be measured by, for example, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- M2 compound On the surface of the primary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, a compound containing M2 (hereinafter referred to as "M2 compound”) and a compound containing M3 (hereinafter referred to as “M3 compound”) are present, respectively. , may be fixed.
- M2 compound include M2-containing oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and the like.
- M3 compound examples include M3-containing oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, sulfates, and the like.
- the surface of the primary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide has the general formula M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ (wherein 1 ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ 5, 4 ⁇ 9, M2 is from Ca and Sr).
- a compound represented by at least one selected element (M3 is at least one element selected from W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr) (hereinafter referred to as "M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ compound”) ) may be fixed.
- M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ compound an M2 compound, an M3 compound, and an M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ compound may coexist on the surface of the primary particles of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide.
- the M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ compound may be scattered on the surfaces of the primary particles and secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, or may be formed in a layered manner so as to broadly cover the surfaces of the primary particles and secondary particles. May exist. That is, the M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ compound is widely present on the surface of the primary particle, both inside and on the surface of the secondary particle.
- the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide are formed by, for example, agglomeration of five or more primary particles, and the surface area of the primary particles is larger inside the secondary particles than on the surface thereof.
- the M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ compound is contained more in the interior of the secondary particle than on the surface.
- M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ compounds include CaWO 4 , CaMoO 3 , CaMoO 4 , CaTiO 3 , Ca 2 TiO 4 , CaSiO 3 , Ca 2 SiO 4 , CaNbO 3 , CaNb 2 O 6 , CaZrO 3 , CaZ r 4 O9 , SRMOO 3 , SRMOO 4 , SRMOO 4 , SRTIO 3 , SR 2 TIO 4 , SRSIO 3 , SR 2 SIO 4 , SRNBO 3 , SRNB 2 O6 , SRZRO 3 , SRZR 4 O9 .
- At least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si (hereinafter referred to as "M4") is present on the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- M4 At least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si (hereinafter referred to as "M4") is present on the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- M4 At least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si
- M4 a second surface modification layer containing.
- Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, and Si are more preferable.
- the second surface modification layer is formed after the first surface modification layer, so even if the second surface modification layer is formed on the first surface modification layer on the surface of the secondary particle. good.
- the second surface modification layer may be present in a dotted manner so as to cover at least a portion
- the total amount of M4 contained in the second surface modification layer is preferably 2 mol % or less with respect to the total molar amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- the lower limit of the total amount of M4 is, for example, 0.01 mol%.
- the presence of the second surface modification layer on the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide and the presence of M4 contained in the second surface modification layer were determined using TEM-EDX. This can be confirmed by measuring the cross section of the secondary particles. Note that it may be difficult to confirm the presence of the second surface modification layer when the amount of the M4 raw material added is small or depending on the state of the coating. At that time, the presence of the second surface modification layer can be inferred by confirming the presence of the second surface modification layer in a sample with a large amount of M4 raw material added. Further, the total amount of M4 can be measured, for example, by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain other positive electrode active materials in addition to the positive electrode active material of this embodiment described above.
- Other positive electrode active materials include, for example, lithium transition metal composite oxides having a Ni content of 0 mol% or more and less than 75 mol%.
- the manufacturing process of the positive electrode active material includes a first step of mixing a composite oxide and a Li compound etc. to obtain a mixture, a second step of firing the mixture, and a third step of washing the fired product with water and drying it by heating.
- a first surface modification layer containing M2 and M3 can be formed on the surface of the primary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- lithium transition metal A second surface modification layer containing M4 can be formed on the surface of the secondary particles of the composite oxide.
- M1 is A metal oxide containing at least one element selected from W, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ti, Si, Al, and Zr), a Li compound, an M2 raw material, and an M3 raw material are mixed to form a mixture. obtain.
- metal oxides can be prepared by dropping an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide while stirring a solution of a metal salt containing Ni and any metal element (Co, Mn, etc.) to adjust the pH to the alkaline side (e.g. 8.5). ⁇ 12.5), a composite hydroxide containing Ni and any metal element is precipitated (co-precipitated), and the composite hydroxide can be obtained by heat treatment.
- the heat treatment temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 300°C to 600°C.
- Li compound examples include Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, Li 2 O 2 , Li 2 O, LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, LiH, LiF, and the like.
- the mixing ratio of the metal oxide and the Li compound is such that it is easy to adjust each of the above parameters to the range specified above.
- the total amount of metal elements in the metal oxide and the molar ratio of Li to The ratio is preferably in the range of 1:0.98 to 1:1.1.
- M2 raw materials include Ca(OH) 2 , CaO, CaCO 3 , CaSO 4 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 , Sr (OH) 2.8H 2 O, Sr(OH) 2 .
- examples include H 2 O, SrO, SrCO 3 , SrSO 4 , Sr(NO 3 ) 2, etc., but in order to reduce the amount of moisture generated during firing, they may be used after drying and dehydration. Further, these compounds may be pulverized to a particle size of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- M3 at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr
- these compounds may be pulverized to a particle size of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the metal oxide and the M2 raw material are preferably mixed at a ratio such that, for example, the molar ratio between the total amount of metal elements in the metal oxide and the M2 element is 1:0.0001 to 1:0.03.
- M2 raw materials When using multiple types of M2 raw materials, they are mixed so that the total amount of M2 contained in the compound satisfies the ratio.
- the metal oxide and the M3 raw material are preferably mixed at a ratio such that, for example, the molar ratio of the total amount of metal elements in the metal oxide to the M3 element is 1:0.0001 to 1:0.02.
- they are mixed so that the total amount of M3 contained in the compound satisfies the ratio.
- the above mixture is fired in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a fired product.
- the firing conditions are such that the temperature increase rate is in the range of more than 1.0°C/min and less than 5.5°C/min at 450°C or more and 680°C or less, and the maximum temperature reached is in the range of 700°C or more and 980°C or less. There may be.
- the temperature increase rate from over 680°C to the maximum temperature reached may be, for example, 0.1°C/min to 3.5°C/min. Further, the maximum temperature reached may be maintained for 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less.
- this firing step may be a multi-stage firing, and a plurality of first temperature increase rates and second temperature increase rates may be set for each temperature range as long as they are within the ranges defined above.
- the M4 raw material is added to the cake-like composition obtained by washing the baked product with water, and heat treatment is performed.
- a second surface modification layer containing M4 can be formed on the surface of the secondary particles of the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Water washing and heat treatment can be performed using known methods and conditions.
- the heat treatment is performed, for example, in a vacuum, in an oxygen stream, or in the atmosphere at a temperature of 150° C. to 600° C. for 1 hour to 5 hours.
- the M4 raw material can be added to the cake composition before or during heat treatment.
- M4 raw materials include tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 , Li 4 WO 5 , Li 6 W 2 O 9 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), and lithium borate (Li 2 B 4 O 7 , Li 3 BO 3 , LiB 3 O 5 , LiBO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), zirconium sulfate (Zr(SO 4 ) 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), titanium hydroxide Ti(OH) 4 , magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ), cobalt oxide (CoO , Co 3 O 4 ), cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon monoxide (SiO), and the like
- the M4 raw material is preferably an alkaline water-soluble oxide or metal salt containing Li salt contained in the cake-like composition.
- the M4 raw material may be added not only as a solid but also as an aqueous solution, for example, by dissolving it in an acid or the like.
- the addition method may be by dropping or spraying onto the cake-like composition, and spraying is preferable in order to efficiently cover the surfaces of the secondary particles.
- the M4 raw material is added to the lithium transition metal composite oxide after water washing and heat treatment, rather than to a cake-like composition obtained by washing with water, and then again in a vacuum or in an oxygen stream.
- the calcination may be performed in the air at a temperature of 150° C. to 600° C. for 1 hour to 5 hours.
- the amount of the M4 raw material added is adjusted so that the ratio of M4 to the total molar amount of metal elements other than Li contained in the metal oxide is, for example, 0.01 mol% to 2 mol%.
- they are added so that the total amount of M4 to be added satisfies the ratio.
- the negative electrode 12 includes, for example, a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer is preferably formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- a metal foil such as copper or copper alloy that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12, a film having the metal disposed on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode mixture layer includes, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder. The thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m on one side of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode 12 is made by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. to the surface of a negative electrode current collector, drying the coating film, and then rolling the negative electrode mixture layer to form a negative electrode current collector. It can be made by forming it on both sides of the body.
- the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly absorb and release lithium ions, and carbon materials such as graphite are generally used.
- the graphite may be natural graphite such as flaky graphite, lumpy graphite, or earthy graphite, or artificial graphite such as lumpy artificial graphite or graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads.
- metals that alloy with Li such as Si and Sn, metal compounds containing Si, Sn, etc., lithium titanium composite oxide, etc. may be used.
- those provided with a carbon coating may also be used.
- fine particles of Si may be present in a Si-containing compound represented by SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6) or in a lithium silicate phase represented by Li 2y SiO (2+y) (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2).
- a dispersed Si-containing compound or the like may be used in combination with graphite.
- binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer examples include styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or its salt, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or its salt (PAA), etc. -Na, PAA-K, etc. (may also be partially neutralized salts), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation properties is used.
- porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics.
- Suitable materials for the separator include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose, and the like.
- the separator 13 may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure. Further, the surface of the separator 13 may be provided with a resin layer having high heat resistance such as an aramid resin, and a filler layer containing an inorganic compound filler.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes, for example, a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, and mixed solvents of two or more of these.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product in which at least a portion of hydrogen in these solvents is replaced with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- halogen-substituted product examples include fluorinated cyclic carbonate esters such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), fluorinated chain carbonate esters, fluorinated chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP), and the like.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylic acid esters
- esters examples include cyclic carbonate esters such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and methylpropyl carbonate.
- chain carbonate esters such as ethylpropyl carbonate and methyl isopropyl carbonate
- cyclic carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL), methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and methyl propionate (MP).
- chain carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl propionate (EP), and the like.
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4 - Cyclic ethers such as dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineole, crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butylphenyl ether, pentylphenyl ether, methoxytoluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl
- the electrolyte salt is a lithium salt.
- lithium salts include LiBF4 , LiClO4 , LiPF6 , LiAsF6 , LiSbF6 , LiAlCl4 , LiSCN, LiCF3SO3 , LiCF3CO2 , Li(P( C2O4 ) F4 ) , LiPF 6-x (C n F 2n+1 ) x (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, n is 1 or 2), LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, Li 2 B 4 O 7 , borates such as Li(B(C 2 O 4 )F 2 ), LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 1 F 2l+1 SO 2 )(C m F 2m+1 SO 2 ) ⁇ l , m is an integer of 0 or more ⁇ .
- the lithium salts may be used alone or in combination.
- LiPF 6 is preferably used from the viewpoint of ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, etc.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is, for example, 0.5 mol to 2 mol per liter of nonaqueous solvent.
- vinylene carbonate or propane sultone additives may be added.
- Example 1-1 [Preparation of positive electrode active material]
- the composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.90 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 ](OH) 2 obtained by the coprecipitation method was calcined at 500°C for 8 hours to form a metal oxide (Ni 0.90 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 ) was obtained.
- lithium oxide, the metal oxide, calcium hydroxide, and tungsten oxide were mixed in a molar ratio of Li, total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn, Ca, and W to 1.03:1:0. 0025:0.005 to obtain a mixture (first step).
- This mixture was heated from room temperature to 650°C at a heating rate of 2.0°C/min under an oxygen stream with an oxygen concentration of 95% (2 mL/min per 10 cm 3 and a flow rate of 5 L/min per 1 kg of mixture).
- the product was fired from 650°C to 780°C at a temperature increase rate of 0.5°C/min to obtain a fired product (second step).
- Water was added to this baked product so that the slurry concentration was 1500 g/L, stirred for 15 minutes, and filtered to obtain a cake-like composition. Powdered H 3 BO 3 was added to this cake-like composition.
- the amount of H 3 BO 3 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of B was 0.1 mol % with respect to the total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- a drying step was performed at 180° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain the positive electrode active material of Example 1 (third step).
- the elements shown in Table 1 below were confirmed as elements other than Li, O, and impurity elements. Furthermore, it was confirmed by TEM-EDX that a first surface modification layer containing Ca and W was present on the surface of the secondary particles and at the interface between the primary particles inside the secondary particles. As a result of identifying the compound present in the first surface modification layer by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurement, the presence of CaWO 4 was confirmed. Furthermore, it was confirmed by TEM-EDX that a second surface modification layer containing B was present on the surface of the secondary particles.
- Preparation of positive electrode Mix 95 parts by mass of the above positive electrode active material, 3 parts by mass of acetylene black (AB), and 2 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and further add an appropriate amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- a positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil, and after the coating film is dried, the coating film is rolled using a rolling roller and cut into a predetermined electrode size to produce a positive electrode. did. Note that an exposed portion where the surface of the positive electrode current collector was exposed was provided in a part of the positive electrode.
- Natural graphite was used as the negative electrode active material.
- a negative electrode active material, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were mixed in an aqueous solution at a solid content mass ratio of 100:1:1 to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil, and after the coating film is dried, the coating film is rolled using a rolling roller and cut into a predetermined electrode size to produce a negative electrode. did. Note that an exposed portion where the surface of the negative electrode current collector was exposed was provided in a part of the negative electrode.
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed at a volume ratio of 3:3:4.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) in the mixed solvent to a concentration of 1.2 mol/liter.
- a positive electrode lead is attached to the exposed part of the positive electrode, and a negative electrode lead is attached to the exposed part of the negative electrode, and the positive and negative electrodes are spirally wound through a polyolefin separator, and then press-formed in the radial direction to form a flat winding.
- a circular electrode body was produced. This electrode body was housed in an exterior body made of an aluminum laminate sheet, and after the nonaqueous electrolyte was injected, the opening of the exterior body was sealed to obtain a test cell.
- Examples 1-2 to 1-4> In the third step of producing the positive electrode active material, the amount of H 3 BO 3 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of B was 0.5 mol %, 1.0 mol %, and 2.0 mol %, respectively. Except for this, a test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- Example 1-5> In the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3.16H 2 O (hereinafter referred to as Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 without water of hydration) was added instead of H 3 BO 3 . However, except that the amount of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of Al to the total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide was 0.1 mol%. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. It was confirmed by TEM-EDX that a second surface modification layer containing Al was present on the surface of the secondary particles.
- Examples 1-6 to 1-8> In the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material, the amount of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of Al was 0.5 mol%, 1.0 mol%, and 2.0 mol%, respectively. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-5, except for the adjustment.
- Example 1-9 In the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material, Zr(SO 4 ) 2.4H 2 O (hereinafter referred to as Zr(SO 4 ) 2 without water of hydration) is added instead of H 3 BO 3 , Example except that the amount of Zr(SO 4 ) 2 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of Zr to the total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide was 0.1 mol%.
- a test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in 1-1. It was confirmed by TEM-EDX that a second surface modification layer containing Zr was present on the surface of the secondary particles.
- Examples 1-10 to 1-12> In the third step of producing the positive electrode active material, the amount of Zr(SO 4 ) 2 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of Zr was 0.5 mol%, 1.0 mol%, and 2.0 mol%, respectively. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-9 except for the above.
- Example 1-13> In the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material, WO 3 is added instead of H 3 BO 3 so that the molar ratio of W to the total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is 0.
- a test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the amount of WO 3 added was adjusted to 1 mol %. It was confirmed by TEM-EDX that a second surface modification layer containing W was present on the surface of the secondary particles. Note that a first surface modification layer is formed on the surface of the secondary particle by TEM-EDX, and a second surface modification layer is formed on the first surface modification layer on the surface of the secondary particle. It was confirmed.
- Examples 1-14 to 1-16> Except that in the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material, the amount of WO3 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of W was 0.5 mol%, 1.0 mol%, and 2.0 mol%, respectively. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-13.
- Example 1-17> In the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material, a 30% by mass titanium sulfate (Ti(SO 4 ) 2 ) aqueous solution is added instead of H 3 BO 3 to remove Ni and Co contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Ti(SO 4 ) 2 titanium sulfate
- a test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that the amount of titanium sulfate aqueous solution added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of Ti to the total amount of Mn was 0.1 mol%. Ta. It was confirmed by TEM-EDX that a second surface modification layer containing Ti was present on the surface of the secondary particles.
- Examples 1-18 to 1-20> Except that in the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material, the amount of the titanium sulfate aqueous solution was adjusted so that the molar ratio of Ti was 0.5 mol%, 1.0 mol%, and 2.0 mol%, respectively. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-17.
- Example 1-1 A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that H 3 BO 3 was not added in the third step of preparing the positive electrode active material.
- Example 2-1 to 2-5 Comparative Example 2-1> Examples 1-2 and 1-, respectively, except that in the first step of preparing the positive electrode active material, the amount of Ca(OH) 2 added was adjusted so that the molar ratio of Ca was 0.5 mol%.
- Test cells were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 6, 1-10, 1-14, 1-18, and Comparative Example 1-1. As a result of identifying the compound present in the first surface modification layer by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurement, the presence of CaWO 4 was confirmed.
- Example 4-1 ⁇ Examples 4-1 to 4-5, Comparative Example 4-1>
- Sr(OH) 2 is added instead of Ca(OH) 2 to increase the mole of Sr based on the total amount of Ni, Co, and Mn contained in the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- a test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1-1. It was confirmed by TEM-EDX that a first surface modification layer containing Sr and W was present on the surface of the secondary particles and at the interface between the primary particles inside the secondary particles. As a result of identifying the compound present in the first surface modification layer by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurement, the presence of SrWO 4 was confirmed.
- Test cells were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1-10, 1-14, 1-18, and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-7.
- Table 1 shows the capacity retention rates of the test cells of Examples and Comparative Examples. Table 1 also shows the composition of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide, the amounts of Ca or Sr and W added in the first step, and the elements and amounts added in the third step.
- the capacity retention rates of the test cells of Examples 1-1 to 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-6 shown in Table 1 are relative, with the capacity retention rate of the test cell of Comparative Example 1-7 being 100. It is expressed in terms of The capacity retention rates of the test cells of Examples 2-1 to 2-5 and Comparative Example 2-1 shown in Table 2 are expressed relative to the capacity retention rate of the test cell of Comparative Example 1-7 as 100. It is something.
- the capacity retention rates of the test cells of Examples 3-1 to 3-5 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-6 shown in Table 3 are relative, with the capacity retention rate of the test cell of Comparative Example 3-7 being 100. It is expressed in terms of The capacity retention rates of the test cells of Examples 4-1 to 4-5 and Comparative Example 4-1 shown in Table 4 are expressed relative to the capacity retention rate of the test cell of Comparative Example 1-7 as 100. It is something.
- the capacity retention rates of the test cells of Examples 5-1 to 5-5 and Comparative Examples 5-1 to 5-6 shown in Table 5 are relative, with the capacity retention rate of the test cell of Comparative Example 5-7 being 100. It is expressed in terms of
- the test cells of Examples had higher capacity retention rates than the test cells of Comparative Examples. Therefore, in a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a predetermined composition, the surface of the primary particles contains at least one element selected from Ca and Sr, and W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr.
- a first surface modification layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si is formed on the surface of the secondary particles. It can be seen that the charge/discharge cycle characteristics are improved by forming the second surface modification layer containing at least one element selected from the above.
- the lithium transition metal composite oxide includes secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles, A first surface modification containing at least one element of Ca and Sr and at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr on the surface of the primary particles.
- a second surface modification layer containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si is present on the surface of the secondary particles.
- Positive electrode active material for water electrolyte secondary batteries Configuration 2: According to configuration 1, the total amount of Ca and Sr contained in the first surface modification layer is 3 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide. positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- Configuration 3 The total amount of W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb, and Zr contained in the first surface modification layer is 2 mol% with respect to the total molar amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Configuration 4 The total amount of Al, Zr, B, W, Ti, Mg, Co, and Si contained in the second surface modification layer is based on the total molar amount of metal elements other than Li in the lithium transition metal composite oxide.
- Configuration 5 The surface of the primary particles has a compound having the general formula M2 ⁇ M3 ⁇ O ⁇ (wherein 1 ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ 5, 4 ⁇ 9, M2 is at least one element of Ca and Sr, M3 is a compound represented by at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, Ti, Si, Nb and Zr) is fixed thereto, Positive electrode active material for electrolyte secondary batteries.
- Configuration 6 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of configurations 1 to 5, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、例えば、正極集電体と、正極集電体の表面に形成された正極合剤層とを有する。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の両面に形成されることが好ましい。正極集電体には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金など、正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極集電体の厚みは、例えば、10μm~30μmである。
負極12は、例えば、負極集電体と、負極集電体の表面に形成された負極合剤層とを有する。負極合剤層は、負極集電体の両面に形成されることが好ましい。負極集電体には、銅、銅合金等の負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルムなどを用いることができる。負極集電体の厚みは、例えば、5μm~30μmである。負極合剤層は、例えば、負極活物質と結着剤とを含む。負極合剤層の厚みは、例えば、負極集電体の片側で10μm~150μmである。負極12は、例えば、負極集電体の表面に負極活物質、結着剤等を含む負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して負極合剤層を負極集電体の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、例えば、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造であってもよく、積層構造を有していてもよい。また、セパレータ13の表面には、アラミド樹脂等の耐熱性の高い樹脂層、無機化合物のフィラーを含むフィラー層が設けられていてもよい。
非水電解質は、例えば、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
[正極活物質の作製]
共沈法により得られた[Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05](OH)2で表される複合水酸化物を500℃で8時間焼成し、金属酸化物(Ni0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2)を得た。次に、酸化リチウム、上記金属酸化物、水酸化カルシウム、及び酸化タングステンを、Liと、Ni、Co、及びMnの総量と、Caと、Wとのモル比が1.03:1:0.0025:0.005になるように混合して混合物を得た(第1工程)。この混合物を酸素濃度95%の酸素気流下(10cm3あたり2mL/min及び混合物1kgあたり5L/minの流量)で、当該混合物を、昇温速度2.0℃/minで、室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度0.5℃/minで、650℃から780℃まで焼成して焼成物を得た(第2工程)。この焼成物に、スラリー濃度が1500g/Lとなるように水を加え、15分間攪拌し、濾過してケーキ状組成物を得た。このケーキ状組成物に、粉状のH3BO3を添加した。リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対して、Bのモル比が0.1モル%となるように、添加するH3BO3の量を調整した。添加工程後に、真空雰囲気下で180℃、2時間の条件で乾燥工程を行い、実施例1の正極活物質を得た(第3工程)。
95質量部の上記正極活物質と、3質量部のアセチレンブラック(AB)と、2質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを混合し、さらにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次いで、正極合剤スラリーをアルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、圧延ローラーにより、塗膜を圧延し、所定の電極サイズに切断して、正極を作製した。なお、正極の一部に正極集電体の表面が露出した露出部を設けた。
負極活物質として天然黒鉛を用いた。負極活物質と、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC-Na)と、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)を、100:1:1の固形分質量比で水溶液中において混合し、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次いで、負極合剤スラリーを銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、圧延ローラーにより、塗膜を圧延し、所定の電極サイズに切断して、負極を作製した。なお、負極の一部に負極集電体の表面が露出した露出部を設けた。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、3:3:4の体積比で混合した。当該混合溶媒に対して、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.2モル/リットルの濃度となるように溶解させて、非水電解質を調製した。
正極の露出部に正極リードを、負極の露出部に負極リードをそれぞれ取り付け、ポリオレフィン製のセパレータを介して正極と負極を渦巻き状に巻回した後、径方向にプレス成形して扁平状の巻回型電極体を作製した。この電極体をアルミラミネートシートで構成される外装体内に収容し、上記非水電解質を注入した後、外装体の開口部を封止して試験セルを得た。
試験セルを、25℃の環境下で、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が4.3Vになるまで充電した後、4.3Vの定電圧で電流値が0.01Itになるまで充電した。その後、0.2Itの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで放電した。この充放電を1サイクルとして、30サイクル行った。以下の式により、試験セルの充放電サイクルにおける容量維持率を求めた。
容量維持率=(30サイクル目の放電容量/1サイクル目の放電容量)×100
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、各々、Bのモル比が0.5モル%、1.0モル%、2.0モル%となるようにH3BO3の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりにAl2(SO4)3・16H2O(以下水和水を省略してAl2(SO4)3と記載)を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するAlのモル比が0.1モル%となるようにAl2(SO4)3の添加量を調整したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。TEM―EDXにより、二次粒子の表面に、Alを含有する第2表面修飾層が存在することを確認した。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、各々、Alのモル比が0.5モル%、1.0モル%、2.0モル%となるようにAl2(SO4)3の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-5と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりにZr(SO4)2・4H2O(以下水和水を省略してZr(SO4)2と記載)を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するZrのモル比が0.1モル%となるようにZr(SO4)2の添加量を調整したこと以外は実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。TEM―EDXにより、二次粒子の表面に、Zrを含有する第2表面修飾層が存在することを確認した。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、各々、Zrのモル比が0.5モル%、1.0モル%、2.0モル%となるようにZr(SO4)2の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-9と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりにWO3を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するWのモル比が0.1モル%となるようにWO3の添加量を調整したこと以外は実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。TEM―EDXにより、二次粒子の表面に、Wを含有する第2表面修飾層が存在することを確認した。なお、TEM―EDXにより、二次粒子の表面には第1表面修飾層が形成されており、二次粒子表面において、第1表面修飾層の上に第2表面修飾層が形成されているのを確認した。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、各々、Wのモル比が0.5モル%、1.0モル%、2.0モル%となるようにWO3の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-13と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりに30質量%の硫酸チタン(Ti(SO4)2)水溶液を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するTiのモル比が0.1モル%となるように硫酸チタン水溶液の添加量を調整したこと以外は実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。TEM―EDXにより、二次粒子の表面に、Tiを含有する第2表面修飾層が存在することを確認した。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、各々、Tiのモル比が0.5モル%、1.0モル%、2.0モル%となるように硫酸チタン水溶液の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-17と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3を添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Ca(OH)2及びWO3を添加せず、正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、Bのモル比が0.5モル%となるようにH3BO3の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Ca(OH)2及びWO3を添加せず、正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりにAl2(SO4)3を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するAlのモル比が0.5モル%となるようにAl2(SO4)3の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Ca(OH)2及びWO3を添加せず、正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりにZr(SO4)2を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するZrのモル比が0.5モル%となるようにZr(SO4)2の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Ca(OH)2及びWO3を添加せず、正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりにWO3を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するWのモル比が0.5モル%となるようにWO3の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Ca(OH)2及びWO3を添加せず、正極活物質の作製の第3工程において、H3BO3の代わりに硫酸チタン水溶液を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するTiのモル比が0.5モル%となるように硫酸チタン水溶液の添加量を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Ca(OH)2及びWO3を添加せず、第3工程においてH3BO3を添加しなかったこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Caのモル比が0.5モル%となるようにCa(OH)2の添加量を調整したこと以外は、各々、実施例1-2、1-6、1-10、1-14、1-18、及び比較例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。放射光X線回折測定により、第1表面修飾層中に存在する化合物を同定した結果、CaWO4の存在が確認された。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程で用いる金属酸化物の組成をNi0.90Co0.03Mn0.07O2に変更したこと以外は、各々、実施例1-2、1-6、1-10、1-14、1-18、及び比較例1-1~1-7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程において、Ca(OH)2の代わりにSr(OH)2を添加し、リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物に含有されるNi、Co、及びMnの総量に対するSrのモル比が0.25モル%となるようにSr(OH)2の添加量を調整したこと以外は、各々、実施例1-2、1-6、1-10、1-14、1-18、及び比較例1-1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。TEM―EDXにより、二次粒子の表面及び二次粒子の内部における一次粒子同士の界面に、SrとWを含有する第1表面修飾層が存在することを確認した。放射光X線回折測定により、第1表面修飾層中に存在する化合物を同定した結果、SrWO4の存在が確認された。
正極活物質の作製の第1工程で用いる金属酸化物の組成をNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10O2に変更したこと以外は、各々、実施例1-2、1-6、1-10、1-14、1-18、及び比較例1-1~1-7と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
構成1:
層状構造を有し、一般式LixNiaCobMncM1dO2-y(式中、0.95≦x≦1.05、0.75≦a≦0.95、0≦b≦0.15、0≦c≦0.25、0≦d≦0.10、0≦y<0.05、a+b+c+d=1、M1はW、Mg、Mo、Nb、Ti、Si、Al、及びZrからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素)で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子を含み、
前記一次粒子の表面には、Ca及びSrの少なくとも一方の元素と、W、Mo、Ti、Si、Nb、及びZrからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素とを含有する第1表面修飾層が存在し、
前記二次粒子の表面には、Al、Zr、B、W、Ti、Mg、Co、及びSiからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を含有する第2表面修飾層が存在する、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
構成2:
前記第1表面修飾層に含有されるCa及びSrの総量は、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して、3モル%以下である、構成1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
構成3:
前記第1表面修飾層に含有されるW、Mo、Ti、Si、Nb及びZrの総量は、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して、2モル%以下である、構成1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
構成4:
前記第2表面修飾層に含有されるAl、Zr、B、W、Ti、Mg、Co、及びSiの総量は、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して、2モル%以下である、構成1~3のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
構成5:
前記一次粒子の表面には、一般式M2αM3βOγ(式中、1≦α≦2、1≦β≦5、4≦γ≦9、M2はCa及びSrの少なくとも一方の元素、M3はW、Mo、Ti、Si、Nb及びZrからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素)で表される化合物が固着している、構成1~4のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
構成6:
構成1~5のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質を含む正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備える、非水電解質二次電池。
Claims (6)
- 層状構造を有し、一般式LixNiaCobMncM1dO2-y(式中、0.95≦x≦1.05、0.75≦a≦0.95、0≦b≦0.15、0≦c≦0.25、0≦d≦0.10、0≦y<0.05、a+b+c+d=1、M1はW、Mg、Mo、Nb、Ti、Si、Al、及びZrからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素)で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物は、一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子を含み、
前記一次粒子の表面には、Ca及びSrの少なくとも一方の元素と、W、Mo、Ti、Si、Nb、及びZrからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素とを含有する第1表面修飾層が存在し、
前記二次粒子の表面には、Al、Zr、B、W、Ti、Mg、Co、及びSiからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素を含有する第2表面修飾層が存在する、非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記第1表面修飾層に含有されるCa及びSrの総量は、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して、3モル%以下である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記第1表面修飾層に含有されるW、Mo、Ti、Si、Nb及びZrの総量は、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して、2モル%以下である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記第2表面修飾層に含有されるAl、Zr、B、W、Ti、Mg、Co、及びSiの総量は、前記リチウム遷移金属複合酸化物中のLiを除く金属元素の総モル量に対して、2モル%以下である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記一次粒子の表面には、一般式M2αM3βOγ(式中、1≦α≦2、1≦β≦5、4≦γ≦9、M2はCa及びSrの少なくとも一方の元素、M3はW、Mo、Ti、Si、Nb及びZrからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素)で表される化合物が固着している、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質を含む正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備える、非水電解質二次電池。
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| CN108807977A (zh) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-13 | 西安创昱新材料科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法 |
| CN112382741A (zh) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳市贝特瑞纳米科技有限公司 | 高镍正极材料及其制备方法、锂离子二次电池 |
| WO2021241075A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 |
| WO2022070649A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 |
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| WO2012035664A1 (ja) | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| WO2021241075A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 |
| WO2022070649A1 (ja) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-07 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極活物質、及び非水電解質二次電池 |
| CN112382741A (zh) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳市贝特瑞纳米科技有限公司 | 高镍正极材料及其制备方法、锂离子二次电池 |
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| EP4650323A1 (en) * | 2024-05-13 | 2025-11-19 | SK On Co., Ltd. | Cathode active material for lithium secondary battery, method of preparing the same and lithium secondary battery including the same |
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