WO2024009898A1 - 揚げ物用衣材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
揚げ物用衣材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024009898A1 WO2024009898A1 PCT/JP2023/024310 JP2023024310W WO2024009898A1 WO 2024009898 A1 WO2024009898 A1 WO 2024009898A1 JP 2023024310 W JP2023024310 W JP 2023024310W WO 2024009898 A1 WO2024009898 A1 WO 2024009898A1
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- flour
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/157—Farinaceous granules for dressing meat, fish or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a coating material for deep-fried food containing a flour composition containing flour and oil.
- Fried foods are foods that are obtained by cooking ingredients made of various ingredients in oil or other methods. Some types of fried foods include fried foods, which are obtained by frying ingredients without coating them, but most of them are fried foods, which are obtained by cooking ingredients with batter attached to the surface. It is a deep-fried food, with a coating of batter attached to the surface of the ingredients. By heating ingredients with batter on the surface in high-temperature oil, the batter that comes into direct contact with the oil has a unique crunchy texture and flavor, while the ingredients inside have a unique crunchy texture and flavor. The inside is cooked as if it has been steamed, and the flavor is concentrated.
- the batter used to make battered fried foods is usually in powder form at room temperature and pressure, but it is classified into several types depending on the form in which it adheres to the ingredients. There are two types: a blender type in which the powder is applied to the surface of the ingredients, and a batter type in which it is mixed with a liquid to form a liquid batter that is then applied to the surface of the ingredients.
- fat-processed starch has been added to batters for deep-fried foods in order to improve the texture of the batter and the binding properties between ingredients and batters.
- Oil-processed starch is obtained by coating the surface of starch particles with oil, and is generally produced by mixing starch and oil and heating the mixture.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing fat-processed starch that does not deteriorate even when stored for a long period of time and has little change in viscosity even when made into a batter. After mixing starch with fat and oil and heat-treating the mixture, an organic acid or the like is added to the starch. It is described that the method includes a step of adding.
- Patent Document 1 states that the heating temperature is preferably 40 to 160°C and the heating time is 0.2 to 24 hours. If the heating time is longer than 24 hours, starch may be damaged or fats and oils may be damaged. It is said to be undesirable because it gives off an oxidized odor.
- Patent Document 2 describes a coating material for deep-fried foods containing fat-treated legume starch having a swelling degree of 2.5 to 8.5 ml.
- the oil- and fat-treated legume starch is obtained by mixing oil and fat with legume starch that has been subjected to a swelling-inhibiting treatment such as chemical crosslinking treatment, and subjecting the mixture to heating and aging treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than room temperature.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that by using decomposed cross-linked starch, which is obtained by adding and mixing fats and oils to cross-linked starch having a sedimentation area within a specific range and decomposing it by heating, as a coating material for fried foods, the amount of oil absorption is small and the oil is not greasy.
- Patent Document 4 describes a coating material for deep-fried foods that can form fried foods with excellent batter texture and juicy ingredients, which contains oil-processed acetylated tapioca starch.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that by mixing specific edible oils and fats with starch powder that has been subjected to swelling suppression treatment and subjecting the mixture to heat aging treatment, the oil-treated powder obtained is used as a batter for deep-frying, thereby reducing the bond between the ingredients and the batter. It is stated that adhesion is improved. All of the techniques described in Patent Documents 2 to 5 have in common that starch that has been subjected to a processing treatment such as a swelling suppression treatment is used as the raw material starch for the oil- or fat-processed starch.
- JP 2019-106969 Publication US2014/0037827A1 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-110997 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-165724 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2004-113236
- An object of the present invention is to provide a coating material for fried foods that can produce fried foods with excellent binding properties between ingredients and batter.
- the present invention is a batter for deep-fried food, which contains a flour composition containing flour and oil, and the flour composition has a heating swelling degree of 5 to 40 and a batter viscosity of 4000 to 14000 mPa ⁇ s. .
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a batter for deep-frying according to the present invention, which includes a mixing step of mixing unprocessed grain flour, oil and fat, and water to obtain a mixture, and heating the mixture to obtain the flour.
- This is a method for producing a batter for deep-fried foods, which comprises a step of obtaining a composition of the type described above.
- the coating material for frying of the present invention contains at least a flour composition, and the flour composition contains at least grain flour and fat and oil.
- Grain flour compositions typically have a structure in which fats and oils are attached to the surface of grain flour particles, and can be referred to as oil-fat coated flours.
- cereal flour is a powdery substance derived from grains at room temperature and normal pressure, and is a concept that includes grain flour and starch.
- starch refers to "pure starch” isolated from plants such as wheat, and is distinguished from the starch inherently present in grain flour.
- grain flours include wheat flour (strong flour, semi-strong flour, all-purpose flour, soft flour, durum flour, etc., whole wheat flour), buckwheat flour, rice flour, corn flour, barley flour, rye flour, pearl barley flour, millet flour, and millet flour. Can be mentioned.
- the flour may be subjected to heat treatment such as dry heat treatment or moist heat treatment.
- starch examples include raw starch (raw starch) such as tapioca starch, potato starch, corn starch, waxy corn starch, wheat starch, and rice starch; Examples include modified starches that have been subjected to one or more treatments such as , crosslinking treatment, oxidation treatment, etc.
- wheat flour or starch is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the texture of the batter in fried foods.
- the type of starch origin is not particularly limited, but wheat starch and tapioca starch are preferred from the viewpoint of improving the texture of batters in fried foods.
- the flour may be unprocessed flour that has not been subjected to any treatment, or it may be processed flour that has been subjected to crosslinking treatment, etc.
- Unprocessed flours are preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining coating materials for deep-fried foods that meet consumers' health-consciousness while suppressing the use of food additives.
- the type of oil and fat constituting the flour composition is not particularly limited as long as it can be used in foods and can be mixed with grain flour.
- it may be a solid fat that is solid at normal temperature and normal pressure, a liquid fat that is liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure, an emulsified fat, a vegetable oil or an animal fat.
- one type of various oils and fats may be used alone, or two or more types of oils and fats may be used in combination.
- solid fats and oils include shortening, lard, and fat.
- liquid oils examples include perilla oil, sesame oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, rice oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, and safflower oil.
- emulsified oils and fats include emulsions obtained by mixing solid oils and fats or liquid oils and emulsifiers or proteins with an emulsifying effect, fat spreads, butter, and margarine.
- vegetable oils examples include salad oil, corn oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, perilla oil, and olive oil.
- animal fats and oils include beef tallow, pork fat, and fish oil.
- the oils and fats constituting the flour composition include perilla oil, which is a liquid vegetable oil, from the viewpoint of improving workability when preparing the flour composition and improving binding between ingredients and batter in fried foods. Safflower oil and soybean oil are preferred.
- the content of oil and fat in the flour composition is preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.15 to 0.2% by mass, based on the total mass of the flour composition. If the content of oil and fat in the flour composition is too low, the effect of improving the binding properties between ingredients and batter will be poor, and if the content is too high, the flour composition will become clay-like and will not form as a powder. It may not be possible to handle the material, and work efficiency may be reduced.
- the content of oil and fat in a flour composition can be measured by the following method.
- [Method for measuring oil content in flour composition] Mix 10 g of the measurement target (flour composition) with 100 ml of hexane, shake the mixture using a shaker at room temperature (25°C) for 30 minutes, then set it in a centrifuge and centrifuge at 3000 rpm. Separate and divide into an upper layer (supernatant liquid) and a lower layer (precipitate). The upper layer is collected, hexane in the upper layer is removed under reduced pressure, the mass of the residue is measured, and the ratio of the measured value to 10 g of the measurement target is calculated, and this is determined as the oil content.
- the flour composition may contain components other than grain flour and fats and oils.
- the other ingredients are typically mixed with fats and oils, and the mixture adheres to the surface of the flour particles.
- the other ingredients include emulsifiers, proteins, thickeners such as various polysaccharides, sweeteners, flavorings, etc., on the premise that they can be used in foods. It can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the emulsifier include fatty acid esters such as monoglycerin fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and sucrose fatty acid ester; and lecithins such as lecithin and lysolecithin.
- the protein include liquid proteins such as milk, eggs, and egg white; powdered proteins such as milk powder, whole egg powder, egg white powder, wheat protein, and soybean protein.
- the flour composition may not contain any other ingredients other than flour, oil, fat, and water.
- the content of the other components is preferably 0.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the flour composition.
- Grain flour compositions are typically produced by mixing grain flour and fats and oils with other ingredients as necessary (mixing step), performing a drying step to adjust the moisture content as necessary, and then subjecting the mixture to heat treatment. It can be obtained by applying.
- the conditions for the heat treatment are preferably set so that the degree of heat swelling and batter viscosity of the flour composition to be manufactured fall within specific ranges, respectively, as described below.
- the preferable conditions for the heat treatment described above are adopted.
- the flour composition has a heating swelling degree of 5 to 40, preferably 5 to 30, more preferably 10 to 25, and a batter viscosity of 4000 to 14000 mPa. ⁇ s, preferably 6000 to 9000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the degree of heat swelling is an index indicating the degree of suppression of swelling of the flour composition, more specifically, the flour particles constituting the flour composition. The smaller the value of the degree of heat swelling, the higher the degree of suppression of swelling. It becomes difficult. If the heating swelling degree of the flour composition is less than 5, the starch contained in the flour composition may be decomposed to lower the molecular weight, resulting in a decrease in the cohesiveness between ingredients and batter in fried foods. There is a possibility that the binding property may be reduced due to a reduction in the adhesive strength of the flour particles due to moisture.
- the degree of heat swelling is measured by the following method.
- ⁇ Method for measuring degree of heating swelling Mix 500 mg of the target to be measured (flour composition) in terms of dry matter, 0.5 mL of ethanol, and 24.5 mL of water, and heat the mixture for 30 minutes in boiling water with a water temperature of 95°C or higher while stirring occasionally. After that, the mixture is centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 30 minutes to separate into an upper layer (supernatant) and a lower layer (precipitate). The upper layer was collected and dried by leaving it in an environment with an ambient temperature of 110°C for 3 hours, and the dry weight (A) [unit: mg] of the upper layer was measured. Calculate solubility (S) [unit: %].
- the weight (B) [unit: mg] of the lower layer is measured, and the degree of heat swelling of the measurement target is calculated using the solubility (S) according to the following formula (2).
- ⁇ Solubility (S) (A/500) ⁇ 100...(1)
- ⁇ Heat swelling degree B/ ⁇ 500 ⁇ (100-S/100) ⁇ ...(2)
- the degree of heating swelling is related to the degree of water retention of the flour particles when the flour composition is heated.
- flour is produced by a process that imparts a strong cross-linked structure to the flour particles, a process that changes the crystal structure of the flour particles by subjecting them to moist heat treatment or hot water treatment, a process that lowers the molecular weight of the flour particles, etc.
- the heat swelling degree of the flour composition can be decreased, and the heat swelling degree of the flour composition can be increased by treatment of imparting some crosslinked structure or acetyl group to the flour particles.
- the degree of heat swelling is also influenced by the oil content in the flour composition (the amount of oil attached to the flour), the heat treatment conditions (heating temperature, heating time, etc.) during the production of the flour composition. Therefore, the degree of heat swelling of the flour composition can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the type of flour used as a raw material, the manufacturing conditions of the flour composition, etc.
- the batter viscosity is an index of the hydrophobicity of the surface of the flour composition particles, and the larger the value of the batter viscosity, the higher the hydrophobicity of the surface of the flour composition particles.
- the batter viscosity of the flour composition is less than 4,000 mPas, the surface hydrophobicity of the grains of the flour composition may be insufficient and the binding properties may be reduced, and if it exceeds 14,000 mPas, it may be difficult to produce fried foods. Water evaporation during frying is suppressed, and the adhesive force may be lowered due to the high water content of the flour composition particles, which may lead to a decrease in the binding property. Batter viscosity is measured by the following method.
- ⁇ Method of measuring batter viscosity> After mixing 30 g of the measurement target (flour composition) in terms of dry matter, 0.3 g of guar gum, and 60 g of water with a liquid temperature of 0 to 4 ° C., and stirring the mixture (batter) for 1.5 to 2 minutes. The mixture is allowed to stand for 10 minutes at an ambient temperature of 20 to 30° C., and then the viscosity of the mixture is measured using a B-type viscometer at a rotation speed of 30 rpm. The value of the viscosity measured one minute after the start of rotation of the mixture by the B-type viscometer is taken as the batter viscosity to be measured. Viscosity measurement using a B-type viscometer can be carried out using, for example, "TVB-25" manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd. and an M3 or M4 rotor.
- the batter viscosity of the flour composition is closely related to the hydrophobicity of the surface of the flour composition particles, so by adjusting the hydrophobicity, the batter viscosity can be adjusted to a desired range. be able to. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the surface of the flour composition particles is largely influenced by the fats and oils adhering to the surface of the flour particles. Therefore, the batter viscosity of a flour composition is determined by the type of oil, the content of oil in the flour composition (the amount of oil attached to the flour), the heat treatment conditions (heating temperature, This can be adjusted by appropriately adjusting the time (time, etc.).
- the amount of polymerized oil and fat in the flour composition is preferably 0.1 to 15, more preferably 0.5 to 10.
- the amount of polymerized fats and oils is an indicator of the amount of polymerized products generated by heat treatment during the preparation of the flour composition, and is closely related to the hydrophobic interaction between the particles of the flour composition described above. The larger the amount of polymerized oil and fat, the more likely the grain flour composition particles will aggregate due to the hydrophobic interaction, and it can be expected that the binding between ingredients and batter in fried foods will be improved.
- the amount of polymerized fats and oils is determined by gel permeation chromatography in accordance with "Standard Oils and Fats Analysis Test Method 2.5.7-2013 Oil and Fat Polymers (Gel Permeation Chromatography Method)" edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Association. The polymer is quantified and calculated as a percentage of the mass of the polymer relative to the total mass of the fat or oil.
- the term "polymer” used herein refers to anything that elutes before triacylglycerol in gel permeation chromatography.
- the amount of polymerized oil and fat in the flour composition can be determined, for example, by adjusting the heat treatment conditions (heating temperature, heating time, degree of contact of the heated object with air, etc.) during the preparation of the flour composition. Can be adjusted.
- the heat treatment conditions heating temperature, heating time, degree of contact of the heated object with air, etc.
- the iodine value of the fat or oil in the flour composition is preferably 120 to 220, more preferably 140 to 200.
- the iodine value of fats and oils is the mass number (g) of iodine that can be added to 100 g of fats and oils, and is an index of the ease with which fats and oils are oxidized. It is evaluated that the higher the iodine value of the fat or oil in a flour composition, the more easily it is oxidized.
- the iodine value of fats and oils is determined by adding an excess of iodine to the fats and oils of the measurement sample to cause a complete reaction, and quantifying the amount of remaining iodine by redox titration.
- the iodine value of fats and oils is unique to the fats and oils, it is preferable to select the fats and oils so that the iodine value of the fats and oils in the flour composition falls within the above-mentioned preferred range.
- the content of the flour composition in the coating material for frying of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of more reliably achieving the desired effects of the present invention, the content of the flour composition is based on the total mass of the flour composition.
- the content is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and 100% by mass, that is, the coating material for deep-fried foods of the present invention may be composed only of the flour composition.
- the coating material for deep-frying of the present invention may contain other components as necessary.
- any ingredient that can be normally added to this kind of batter for deep-frying can be used without any particular restriction, such as flours other than the flour composition, leavening agents such as baking powder, salt, and sugars. , egg powder, powdered soy sauce, fermented products such as fruit-derived fermented products, powdered miso, amino acids and other seasonings, spices, fragrances, nutritional ingredients such as vitamins, coloring agents, powdered oils and fats, etc., and the fried foods that are manufactured.
- the content of other components other than the flour composition in the coating material for deep-fried foods of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20% by mass or less based on the total mass of the coating material for deep-fried foods.
- the coating material for deep-fried foods of the present invention can be used in the production of fried foods in the same way as this type of coating material for deep-fried foods.
- the batter for deep-fried foods of the present invention is typically a powder at room temperature and pressure, but it may be mixed with a liquid to form a so-called liquid or paste-like batter, and then applied to the surface of the ingredients. It may be applied directly to the ingredients as a powder. That is, the coating material for frying of the present invention can be used as a batter mix or a blender mix.
- Another method of using the coating material for deep-fried foods of the present invention is to apply a large amount of liquid to the surface of the ingredients and then apply the coating material for deep-fried foods to the surface.
- a method can be exemplified in which the coating material for deep-fried foods is attached to the surface of the ingredients, and then a liquid is sprayed onto the surface using a sprayer or the like to sufficiently moisten the surface.
- the ingredients may be directly subjected to cooking in oil or the like to produce fried foods, or alternatively, the coating material for deep-fried foods of the present invention may be manufactured by After the ingredients are attached to the surface of the ingredients, bread crumbs may be further attached to the ingredients, and then the ingredients may be heated and cooked.
- the coating material for fried foods of the present invention can be applied to the production of various fried foods, such as karaage, tatsutaage, tempura, kakiage, fried eggs, deep fries, fritters, and corn dogs.
- fried foods include pork cutlet, croquette, minced meat cutlet, fried shrimp, fried fish, fried oysters, fried chicken, and fried potatoes.
- ingredients for fried foods are not particularly limited, and include, for example, livestock such as chicken, pork, cow, sheep, and goat; seafood such as squid, octopus, shrimp, horse mackerel, salmon, mackerel, and flounder; soybeans, rice, Various grains such as carrots, onions, potatoes, and sweet potatoes, vegetables, root vegetables, and processed products thereof can be used.
- the ingredients may be seasoned or coated with flour, beaten eggs, etc., if necessary, before being coated with the batter for deep-fried foods of the present invention.
- the method for producing a batter for deep-fried food of the present invention includes a mixing step of mixing unprocessed grain flour, oil and fat, and water to obtain a mixture, and a step of heat-treating the mixture to obtain the flour composition. .
- the unprocessed flour used in the mixing step is raw flour that has not been subjected to crosslinking treatment or the like.
- One of the reasons why unprocessed flour is used in the production method of the present invention is to suppress the use of food additives such as emulsifiers and to obtain a batter for deep-fried foods that meets consumers' health consciousness.
- the mixing step may be any method that allows fats and oils to adhere to at least a portion of the particle surface of the grain flour, for example, a method of adding and mixing oils and water to powdered grain flour, a method of adding and mixing grain flours and water, etc. Examples include a method of mixing to obtain a slurry, and adding and mixing fats and oils to the slurry.
- the amount of water added in the mixing step is preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 10 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total mass of flour and fat, from the viewpoint of improving the workability of the mixing step. ⁇ 20 parts by mass.
- the heat treatment is a treatment that can promote hydrophobic interaction between the particles of the flour composition and improve the binding between ingredients and batter in fried foods.
- the method of the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method in which the object to be treated (the flour composition) is left standing in an environment (for example, a constant temperature bath) in which the ambient temperature is set within a predetermined range. Warm air or hot air may be blown onto the object to be treated. Further, the heating conditions (heating temperature, heating time, etc.) in the heat treatment are set so that the heating swelling degree and batter viscosity of the flour composition, which is the production target, are each within the specific ranges.
- the heating temperature in the heat treatment is set so that the temperature of the mixture obtained in the mixing step is 30 to 90°C. If the heating temperature (temperature of the mixture) is too low, the heat treatment will take a long time and is not practical; if the heating temperature is too high, undesirable phenomena such as thermal decomposition of flour may occur. Further, the heating time (time during which the product temperature is maintained) may be shorter as the heating temperature is higher, but typically it is about 24 to 72 hours (1 to 3 days).
- the heat treatment is preferably a treatment that reduces the degree of heat swelling of raw flour, which is the raw material. That is, since the flour composition in the batter for deep-fried food, which is the production target of the present invention, has a heating swelling degree of 5 to 40, the unprocessed flour before the heat treatment has a heating swelling degree of more than 40. Preferably. Thereby, the predetermined effects of the present invention can be more reliably achieved.
- the degree of reduction in the heating swelling degree of the flour by the heat treatment is not particularly limited, but for example, if the unprocessed flour to be subjected to the heat treatment is tapioca starch, heating the flour (tapioca starch) before the heat treatment
- the value obtained by subtracting the degree of swelling after heat treatment is preferably 30 or more. Examples 1 to 3, which will be described later, satisfy this requirement (see Table 1 below).
- the heat swelling degree of the unprocessed flour before the heat treatment is preferably 50 or more.
- unprocessed flour having a heating swelling degree of 50 or more for example, wheat flour, wheat starch, tapioca starch, and potato starch can be used.
- the mixture obtained in the mixing step is heated in an environment where the ambient temperature is preferably 30 to 95°C, more preferably 30 to 85°C, still more preferably 65 to 80°C, preferably 24°C.
- the ambient temperature is preferably 30 to 95°C, more preferably 30 to 85°C, still more preferably 65 to 80°C, preferably 24°C.
- Examples include treatment in which the mixture is allowed to stand for at least 30 hours, preferably 30 to 70 hours.
- the fats and oils used in the mixing step typically have a temperature of about room temperature (25° C.), but pre-warmed fats and oils can also be used. This makes it possible to further improve the binding properties between ingredients and batter for deep-fried foods, and also to shorten the time required for the heat treatment, allowing for efficient production of high-quality batter for deep-fried foods. becomes possible.
- only fats and oils are heat-treated under the same conditions (heating temperature, heating time) as in the preferred example of the heat treatment described above (oil-fat heating step), and the heat-treated fats and oils are mixed with unprocessed flour and water. It is possible to obtain a mixture (mixing step) and heat-process the mixture to obtain a flour composition.
- the first production process involves producing the flour composition using unheated fats and oils as usual.
- the fats and oils to be used from the second time onwards are also heat treated at the same time.
- the mixing step in the second manufacturing step the fats and oils heat-treated in the previous manufacturing step are used.
- the method for producing the batter for deep-fried foods of the present invention includes the flour composition obtained through the above steps and other ingredients. It has a step of mixing the components.
- the batter for deep-fried food obtained through the above steps is typically a dry powder.
- Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Using flour and oil as main raw materials, water was added and mixed with the main raw materials to obtain a mixture (mixing step), and the mixture was heat-treated under predetermined conditions to obtain a flour composition.
- the obtained flour compositions were used as they were to produce batters for deep-fried foods in each of the Examples and Comparative Examples without adding any other ingredients.
- the heat treatment of the mixture was performed by leaving the mixture to be treated for a predetermined period of time in a drying chamber where the room temperature was maintained at a predetermined temperature. Unprocessed grain flour (tapioca starch) was used.
- the heating swelling degree, batter viscosity, amount of polymerized oil and fat, and iodine value of the oil and fat were measured by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 1 along with the conditions for blending each raw material and heat treatment in the process of producing the flour composition.
- the tapioca starch used as the flour in each Example and Comparative Example was unprocessed starch, and its heating swelling degree was 70.
- a batter was prepared by mixing 100 g of the fried food batter to be evaluated with 200 cc of water. 85 g of pork shoulder loin meat as an ingredient was sprinkled with an appropriate amount of flour, the prepared batter was applied, and then fresh bread crumbs were applied. Salad oil was put in an oil tank and heated to 175°C, and the meat with raw breadcrumbs attached was immersed in the salad oil and fried for 5 minutes to produce fried pork cutlets. The produced pork cutlets were cooled down, stored in a refrigerator for 6 hours, and then stored at room temperature (ambient temperature 25° C.) for 1 hour.
- the pork cutlet was cut into pieces with a knife, and the binding properties of the batter (difficulty in peeling off from the ingredients) were evaluated. In addition, the texture of the batter when eating the pork cutlet after storage was evaluated. These evaluations were performed by 10 expert panelists using the following evaluation criteria, and the arithmetic mean score of the 10 evaluations was determined.
- the binding rate of the batter was measured for the pork cutlets after storage. Specifically, the ratio (%) of the total length along the circumferential direction of the cut surface where the ingredients and batter are attached to the circumference of the cut surface when cutting the pork cutlet ) was calculated. The larger the value of the binding rate, the better the binding between ingredients and batter in fried foods, and the higher the evaluation. The above results are shown in Table 1.
- the binding rate is 85% or more and less than 90%, and the binding strength of the batter to the ingredients is somewhat strong, and the batter is relatively difficult to peel off when cutting or eating fried food.
- 6 points The binding rate is 85% or more and less than 90%, but the binding strength of the batter to the ingredients is somewhat weak, and the batter peels off when cutting or eating fried food compared to the case of 7 points above.
- the binding rate is 70% or more and less than 85%, and the binding strength of the batter to the ingredients is weak, and the batter easily peels off when cutting or eating the fried food.
- the binding rate is 60% or more and less than 70%, and the binding strength of the batter to the ingredients is weak, and the batter easily peels off when cutting or eating fried food.
- 1 point The binding rate was less than 10%, and peeling of the batter was observed on most of the periphery of the cut surface of the fried food, which was extremely poor.
- the coating material for deep-fried foods of the present invention fried foods with excellent binding properties between ingredients and batter can be obtained.
- the method for producing a batter for deep-fried foods of the present invention the batter for deep-fried foods of the present invention can be efficiently produced.
- the method for producing a batter for deep-fried foods of the present invention uses unprocessed starches as the raw material starch for the flour composition contained in the batter for deep-fried foods, which is the production target, it does not swell as in the prior art.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献3には、特定範囲の沈降積を有する架橋澱粉に油脂類を添加混合し加熱分解した、分解処理架橋澱粉を揚げ物用衣材として使用することで、吸油量が少なく、油っこさがなく、食感の良好な揚げ物が得られることが記載されている。
特許文献4には、衣の食感に優れ、具材のジューシー感が良好な揚げ物を形成し得る揚げ物用衣材として、油脂加工されたアセチル化タピオカ澱粉を含有するものが記載されている。
特許文献5には、澱粉を膨潤抑制処理した粉に特定の食用油脂を混合し、加熱熟成処理を施して得られる油脂処理粉を揚げ物用衣材として用いることで、具材と衣との結着性が向上することが記載されている。
特許文献2~5に記載の技術は何れも、油脂加工澱粉の原料澱粉として、膨潤抑制処理等の加工処理が施された澱粉を用いる点で共通する。
穀粉としては、例えば、小麦粉(強力粉、準強力粉、中力粉、薄力粉、デュラム小麦粉等、小麦全粒粉)、そば粉、米粉、コーンフラワー、大麦粉、ライ麦粉、はとむぎ粉、ひえ粉、あわ粉が挙げられる。穀粉は、乾熱処理、湿熱処理等の加熱処理が施されたものでもよい。
澱粉としては、例えば、タピオカ澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、コーンスターチ、ワキシーコーンスターチ、小麦澱粉、米澱粉等の未加工澱粉(生澱粉);未加工澱粉にエーテル化、エステル化、アセチル化、乾熱処理、湿熱処理、架橋処理、酸化処理等の処理の1種以上を施した加工澱粉が挙げられる。
固体油脂としては、例えば、ショートニング、ラード、ヘットが挙げられる。液体油脂としては、例えば、えごま油、ごま油、なたね油、大豆油、胡麻油、サフラワー油、オリーブ油、綿実油、コーン油、米油、パーム油、ヒマワリ油、ベニバナ油が挙げられる。乳化油脂としては、例えば、固体油脂又は液体油脂と乳化剤又は乳化作用のある蛋白質とを混合して得られる乳化物、ファットスプレッド、バター、マーガリンが挙げられる。植物油脂としては、例えば、サラダ油、コーン油、大豆油、紅花油、なたね油、パーム油、綿実油、ひまわり油、米ぬか油、ごま油、えごま油、オリーブ油が挙げられる。動物油脂としては、例えば、牛脂、豚脂、魚油が挙げられる。
穀粉類組成物を構成する油脂としては、穀粉類組成物を調製する際の作業性の向上、揚げ物における具材と衣との結着性の向上の観点から、液体植物油脂であるえごま油、サフラワー油、大豆油が好ましい。
測定対象(穀粉類組成物)10gとヘキサン100mlとを混合し、その混合物を、振盪機を用いて室温(25℃)で30分間振盪した後、遠心分離機にセットして回転数3000rpmで遠心分離し、上層(上澄液)と下層(沈殿物)とに分ける。前記上層を回収し、該上層中のヘキサンを減圧除去して残留物の質量を測定し、その測定値の測定対象10gに占める割合を算出し、油脂の含有量とする。
乾物換算で500mgの測定対象(穀粉類組成物)と、0.5mLのエタノールと、24.5mLの水とを混合し、その混合物を水温95℃以上の沸騰水中で時々攪拌しながら30分間加熱した後、該混合物を回転数4500rpmで30分間遠心分離して、上層(上澄液)と下層(沈殿物)とに分ける。前記上層を採取して雰囲気温度110℃の環境に3時間静置することで乾燥させ、該上層の乾燥重量(A)[単位:mg]を測定し、下記式(1)により、測定対象の溶解度(S)[単位:%]を算出する。また、前記下層の重量(B)[単位:mg]を測定し、前記溶解度(S)を用いて下記式(2)により、測定対象の加熱膨潤度を算出する。
・溶解度(S)=(A/500)×100 ・・・(1)
・加熱膨潤度=B/{500×(100-S/100)}・・・(2)
乾物換算で30gの測定対象(穀粉類組成物)と、グアーガム0.3gと、液温0~4℃の水60gとを混合し、その混合物(バッター)を1.5~2分間攪拌した後、雰囲気温度20~30℃の環境で10分間静置してから、B型粘度計を用いて回転数30rpmで該混合物の粘度を測定する。B型粘度計による前記混合物の回転の開始から1分経過時点の粘度の測定値を、測定対象のバッター粘度とする。B型粘度計による粘度測定は、例えば、東機産業株式会社製の「TVB-25」を用い、M3又はM4ローターを使用して行うことができる。
油脂の重合物量は、日本油化学協会編「基準油脂分析試験法 2.5.7-2013 油脂重合物(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフ法)」に準拠して、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーによって油脂中に含まれる重合物を定量し、該油脂の全質量に対する該重合物の質量の百分率で算出する。ここで言う「重合物」とは、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにおいて、トリアシルグリセロールより先に溶出するものをすべて指す。
油脂のヨウ素価は、測定試料の油脂に対して過剰のヨウ素を加えて完全に反応させ、残ったヨウ素の量を酸化還元滴定によって定量することによって求められる。
油脂のヨウ素価は油脂に固有のものであるので、穀粉類組成物における油脂のヨウ素価が前記の好ましい範囲となるように、油脂を選択することが好ましい。
前記混合工程は、穀粉類の粒子表面の少なくとも一部に油脂を付着させ得る方法であればよく、例えば、粉体の穀粉類に油脂及び水を添加・混合する方法、穀粉類と水とを混合してスラリーを得、該スラリーに油脂を添加・混合する方法などが挙げられる。混合には、各種ミキサー等の攪拌装置を用いることもできる。
前記混合工程における水の添加量は、該混合工程の作業性の向上等の観点から、穀粉類と油脂との合計質量100質量部に対して、好ましくは5~30質量部、より好ましくは10~20質量部である。
前記加熱処理による穀粉類の加熱膨潤度の低下の程度は特に制限されないが、例えば、加熱処理に供する未加工の穀粉類がタピオカ澱粉である場合、加熱処理前の穀粉類(タピオカ澱粉)の加熱膨潤度から加熱処理後のそれを差し引いた値が30以上となることが好ましい。後述する実施例1~3はこれを満たしている(下記表1参照)。
例えば、前述の加熱処理の好ましい一例と同じ条件(加熱温度、加熱時間)で油脂のみを加熱処理し(油脂加熱工程)、その加熱処理済みの油脂と未加工の穀粉類及び水とを混合して混合物を得(混合工程)、該混合物を加熱処理して穀粉類組成物を得ることが可能である。より具体的には、例えば、穀粉類組成物の製造工程を複数回実施する場合に、1回目の製造工程は、通常どおり、加温していない油脂を用いて穀粉類組成物を製造するが、その際の前記混合物の加熱処理において、2回目以降で使用する油脂も同時に加熱処理する。そして、2回目の製造工程における前記混合工程で、先の製造工程で加熱処理した油脂を用いる。このように、穀粉類組成物の製造工程を複数回実施する場合に、先行の製造工程における前記混合物の加熱処理で、該混合物とは別に油脂のみを該混合物と同条件で加熱処理し、後行の製造工程における前記混合工程で、該先行の製造工程で加熱処理した油脂を用いることで、高品質の揚げ物用衣材を効率よく製造することが可能となる。
穀粉類及び油脂を主原料として、該主原料に水を添加・混合して混合物を得(混合工程)、該混合物を所定の条件で加熱処理し、穀粉類組成物を得た。得られた穀粉類組成物をそのまま使用し、他の成分を加えずに、各実施例及び比較例の揚げ物用衣材を製造した。
前記の混合物の加熱処理は、室内温度が所定温度に維持された乾燥室に、処理対象の混合物を所定時間静置することによって行った。穀粉類(タピオカ澱粉)として未加工のものを使用した。
得られた穀粉類組成物について、前記方法により加熱膨潤度、バッター粘度、油脂の重合物量、油脂のヨウ素価をそれぞれ測定した。それらの結果を、穀粉類組成物の製造工程における各原料の配合及び加熱処理の条件とともに表1に示す。各実施例及び比較例で穀粉類として使用したタピオカ澱粉は、未加工の澱粉であり、その加熱膨潤度は70であった。
評価対象の揚げ物用衣材100gを水200ccと混合してバッターを調製した。具材としての豚肩ロース肉85gに対して、打ち粉を適量まぶし、調製したバッターを付着させた後に生パン粉を付着させた。油槽にサラダ油を入れて175℃に熱し、該サラダ油に生パン粉が付着した肉を浸漬して5分間油ちょうし、揚げ物である豚カツを製造した。
製造した豚カツの粗熱をとり、冷蔵庫で6時間保存後、室温(雰囲気温度25℃)の環境下で1時間保存した。保存後の豚カツを包丁で切り分け、その際の衣の結着性(具材からのはがれにくさ)を評価した。また、保存後の豚カツを食した際の衣の食感を評価した。これらの評価は、10名の専門パネラーにより下記評価基準にて行い、10名の評価の算術平均点を求めた。また、保存後の豚カツについて、衣の結着率を測定した。具体的には、豚カツを切り分けた際の切断面の周囲長に対する、該切断面における具材と衣とが決着している部分の該切断面の周方向に沿う長さの合計の割合(%)によって算出した。結着率の数値が大きいほど、揚げ物における具材と衣との結着性に優れ、高評価となる。以上の結果を表1に示す。
10点:前記結着率が90%以上、且つ衣の具材に対する結着が強固であり、該結着率を評価する際の揚げ物の切断時だけでなく喫食時にも衣のはがれが全く生じず、極めて良好。
9点:前記結着率が90%以上、且つ衣の具材に対する結着強度がやや強く、揚げ物の切断時又は喫食時に衣が比較的はがれにくい。
8点:前記結着率が90%以上であるが、衣の具材に対する結着強度がやや弱く、前記9点の場合と比較して、揚げ物の切断時又は喫食時に衣がはがれやすい。
7点:前記結着率が85%以上90%未満、且つ衣の具材に対する結着強度がやや強く、揚げ物の切断時又は喫食時に衣が比較的はがれにくい。
6点:前記結着率が85%以上90%未満であるが、衣の具材に対する結着強度がやや弱く、前記7点の場合と比較して、揚げ物の切断時又は喫食時に衣がはがれやすい。
5点:前記結着率が85%以上90%未満であるが、衣の具材に対する結着強度が弱く、前記6点の場合と比較して、揚げ物の切断時又は喫食時に衣がはがれやすい。
4点:前記結着率が70%以上85%未満、且つ衣の具材に対する結着強度が弱く、揚げ物の切断時又は喫食時に衣がはがれやすい。
3点:前記結着率が60%以上70%未満、且つ衣の具材に対する結着強度が弱く、揚げ物の切断時又は喫食時に衣がはがれやすい。
2点:前記結着率が10%以上60%未満、且つ揚げ物の切断面の周縁部の大部分で衣のはがれが見られ、不良。
1点:前記結着率が10%未満、且つ揚げ物の切断面の周縁部の大部分で衣のはがれが見られ、極めて不良。
<衣の食感の評価基準>
5点:サクサクとして歯脆さに富み、極めて良好。
4点:サクサクとしており、良好。
3点:ややサクサク感に欠けるが、問題ないレベル。
2点:やや柔らかいかやや硬く、歯脆いサクサク感に乏しく、不良。
1点:柔らかさ又硬さが強く、歯脆さがなく、極めて不良。
本発明の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法によれば、本発明の揚げ物用衣材を効率よく製造することができる。また、本発明の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法は、製造目的物である揚げ物用衣材に含まれる穀粉類組成物の原料澱粉として、未加工の澱粉類を用いるため、従来技術のように膨潤抑制処理等の加工処理が施された澱粉を用いる場合に比べて、合成乳化剤等の食品添加物の使用が抑えられており、近年高まっている消費者の健康志向に十分に対応し得る揚げ物用衣材を提供することができる。
Claims (9)
- 穀粉類及び油脂を含む穀粉類組成物を含有し、
前記穀粉類組成物は、加熱膨潤度が5~40、バッター粘度が4000~14000mPa・sである、揚げ物用衣材。 - 前記穀粉類は小麦粉又は澱粉である、請求項1に記載の揚げ物用衣材。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法であって、
未加工の穀粉類、油脂及び水を混合して混合物を得る混合工程と、該混合物を加熱処理して前記穀粉類組成物を得る工程とを有する、揚げ物用衣材の製造方法。 - 前記加熱処理は、前記未加工の穀粉類の加熱膨潤度を低下させる処理である、請求項3に記載の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法。
- 前記未加工の穀粉類の加熱膨潤度が50以上である、請求項4に記載の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法。
- 前記加熱処理は、前記混合物を雰囲気温度30~95℃の環境に24時間以上静置する処理である、請求項3~5のいずれか1項に記載の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法。
- 前記混合工程において、前記油脂として、予め加温した油脂を用いる、請求項3~6のいずれか1項に記載の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法。
- 前記油脂の重合物量が0.1~15%である、請求項3~7のいずれか1項に記載の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法。
- 前記油脂のヨウ素価が120~220である、請求項3~8のいずれか1項に記載の揚げ物用衣材の製造方法。
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61285956A (ja) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-12-16 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Kk | 揚げ物用衣材 |
| JP2005073506A (ja) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-24 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co Ltd | 油脂加工澱粉及びその製造方法、並びに揚げ物用衣材 |
| JP2012165724A (ja) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-09-06 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co Ltd | 揚げ物用衣材 |
| JP2014143929A (ja) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-08-14 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co Ltd | 油脂加工澱粉およびその製造方法 |
| JP2016174535A (ja) * | 2013-08-02 | 2016-10-06 | 株式会社J−オイルミルズ | 衣材、これを用いた食品およびその製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61285956A (ja) * | 1985-06-11 | 1986-12-16 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Kk | 揚げ物用衣材 |
| JP2005073506A (ja) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-24 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co Ltd | 油脂加工澱粉及びその製造方法、並びに揚げ物用衣材 |
| JP2012165724A (ja) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-09-06 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co Ltd | 揚げ物用衣材 |
| JP2014143929A (ja) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-08-14 | Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co Ltd | 油脂加工澱粉およびその製造方法 |
| JP2016174535A (ja) * | 2013-08-02 | 2016-10-06 | 株式会社J−オイルミルズ | 衣材、これを用いた食品およびその製造方法 |
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