WO2024090488A1 - 放射性医薬組成物 - Google Patents
放射性医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024090488A1 WO2024090488A1 PCT/JP2023/038580 JP2023038580W WO2024090488A1 WO 2024090488 A1 WO2024090488 A1 WO 2024090488A1 JP 2023038580 W JP2023038580 W JP 2023038580W WO 2024090488 A1 WO2024090488 A1 WO 2024090488A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
- C07K16/3076—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells against structure-related tumour-associated moieties
- C07K16/3092—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells against structure-related tumour-associated moieties against tumour-associated mucins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
- A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1027—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody against receptors, cell-surface antigens or cell-surface determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1045—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody against animal or human tumor cells or tumor cell determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/08—Peptides, e.g. proteins, carriers being peptides, polyamino acids, proteins
- A61K51/10—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody
- A61K51/1093—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies
- A61K51/1096—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies radioimmunotoxins, i.e. conjugates being structurally as defined in A61K51/1093, and including a radioactive nucleus for use in radiotherapeutic applications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/12—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules
- A61K51/121—Solutions, i.e. homogeneous liquid formulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
- C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid radiopharmaceutical composition, in particular a liquid pharmaceutical composition containing as an active ingredient a complex of a radionuclide and an antibody that specifically binds to mucin subtype 5AC.
- Mucin is the main component of mucus secreted by epithelial cells of animals, and is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 1 to 10 million that contains a large amount of sugar.
- mucin secretory mucin, which is produced by epithelial cells
- membrane-bound mucin which has a hydrophobic membrane-spanning site and exists bound to the cell membrane.
- Mucin core proteins are collectively called MUC, and at least 20 types of genes that code for core proteins are known.
- MUC5AC mucin subtype 5AC
- MUC5AC is expressed in normal tissues such as the stomach and trachea, but its overexpression in pancreatic cancer has been reported, as well as in thyroid cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, urothelial cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and bile duct cancer.
- Non-Patent Document 1 mouse antibodies produced using pancreatic cancer mucin fractions purified from xenografts of human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 as antigens, chimeric antibodies (Patent Documents 1, 2, Non-Patent Documents 2, 3), and humanized antibodies (Patent Documents 3, 4) produced based on the antibodies.
- radionuclide-labeled antibodies in which humanized antibodies against MUC5AC are labeled with 225 Ac or 89 Zr have been reported (Patent Document 5).
- Non-Patent Document 4 discloses a method of producing panitumumab bound to 89Zr and deferoxamine, a type of ligand compound, and storing it in 0.9% physiological saline.
- Patent Document 6 discloses the use of a surfactant alone or in combination with salts such as NaCl, KCl, NaCl2 , and MgCl2 to suppress the radiolysis of peptides and proteins labeled with radioactive nuclides.
- salts such as NaCl, KCl, NaCl2 , and MgCl2
- 5,399,663 discloses that arginine may serve as an initial stabilizing agent in liquid interleukin-2 (IL-2) pharmaceutical formulations to reduce aggregation and deamidation of IL-2 during long-term storage.
- IL-2 liquid interleukin-2
- U.S. Patent No. 5,399,663 also discloses that the inclusion of polysorbate 80 in the formulation, while recognized as undesirable solely based on its effect on protein aggregation, is advantageous during processing of liquid formulations containing this protein, having a stabilizing effect against severe protein damage associated with freeze-thawing and mechanical shear.
- the present inventors have investigated the formulation of an antibody (hereinafter also referred to as "radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody") that specifically binds to mucin subtype 5AC and is labeled with a radioactive nuclide, and have found that the radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody can be stabilized by using a specific amino acid.
- the present inventors have found a new problem of radioactivity adsorption to a storage container. It is believed that the radioactivity adsorption to a storage container is caused by one or both of the antibody and the radioactive nuclide, which are components of the radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody.
- the radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody may be adsorbed to the storage container as a monomer, or that the radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody may aggregate with itself, or that the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody, which is a foreign substance mixed in during production, and the radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody, which is an active ingredient, may aggregate and adsorb to the storage container.
- the foreign anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody may be an aggregate of the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody, a fragmented anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody, or an isomer with an altered sugar chain structure.
- a radioactive anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody is contained in a very small amount in the formulation, and therefore, adsorption of radioactivity to the storage container may affect the efficacy of the formulation.
- adsorption of radioactivity to the storage container may affect the efficacy of the formulation.
- the problem of radioactivity adsorption to storage containers is not recognized.
- the present invention relates to a formulation of a pharmaceutical composition containing a radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody as an active ingredient, and aims to provide a liquid pharmaceutical composition with reduced radioactive adsorption to storage containers.
- the inventors conducted intensive research in light of the above problems and discovered that a liquid pharmaceutical composition prepared using a formula containing L-arginine, L-histidine, and a surfactant in the presence of a specific concentration of anti-MUC5AC specific antibody reduces radioactive adsorption to a storage container, leading to the completion of the present invention.
- One aspect of the present invention is a liquid pharmaceutical composition
- a liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient a complex of a radioactive nuclide and an antibody, wherein the antibody specifically binds to mucin subtype 5AC, the concentration of the antibody in the composition is 0.1 mg/mL or more and 5 mg/mL or less, and the pharmaceutical composition also comprises a stabilizer, a buffer, and a surfactant.
- the concentration of antibody in the composition in this embodiment refers to the total concentration of antibody conjugated to a radionuclide and antibody not conjugated to a radionuclide.
- the present invention suppresses radioactivity adsorption to the storage container of a radioactive liquid pharmaceutical composition, making it possible to provide a formulation of stable quality.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the antibody concentration in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- 1 shows the results of investigating the effect of adding a surfactant (polysorbate 80) on reducing adsorption of a radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody to a storage container, where the vertical axis indicates the degree of antibody adsorption to the storage container, and the horizontal axis indicates the number of days since the production of the pharmaceutical composition.
- FIG. 1 shows flow imaging results after the formulation was transported by road under refrigerated storage.
- the present invention provides a liquid pharmaceutical composition (hereinafter also referred to as the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention) containing a conjugate of a radionuclide and an antibody (hereinafter also referred to as the conjugate of the present invention) as an active ingredient.
- the antibody contained in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention and the complex of the present invention is an antibody that specifically binds to mucin subtype 5AC (MUC5AC) (hereinafter, also referred to as the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody of the present invention).
- MUC5AC mucin subtype 5AC
- the antibody when the antibody is radiolabeled, it is distinguished from the above by being labeled as "radioactive".
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is characterized in that it contains, in addition to the complex of the present invention as an active ingredient, L-arginine and L-histidine, and further contains a surfactant.
- the antibody and the radionuclide may be directly linked.
- the antibody and the radionuclide may be linked via a linker.
- the radionuclide may be a radioactive metal nuclide, and this radioactive metal nuclide may form a chelate (complex) with a chelating agent, and the antibody and the chelating agent may be linked via a linker or not.
- the link may be preferably a covalent link.
- Radioactive nuclide contained in the complex of the present invention is a radioactive nuclide that emits ⁇ particles, positrons, ⁇ rays, or ⁇ rays.
- radioactive nuclides that emit ⁇ particles include Bi-212, Bi-213, At-211, Ac-225, and Th-227.
- radioactive nuclides that emit positrons include F-18, Cu-64, Ga-68, Y-86, and Zr-89.
- Examples of radioactive nuclides that emit ⁇ rays include Cu-64, Y-90, I-131, or Lu-177.
- radioactive nuclides that emit ⁇ rays include I-123, Tc-99m, or In-111.
- the radioactive nuclide contained in the radioconjugate of the present invention, and therefore in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is Zr-89, Y-90, Lu-177 or Ac-225.
- These radionuclides can be produced by a predetermined nuclear reaction, or can be obtained as commercial products from Eckert & Ziegler, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Institute of Isotopes, POLATOM, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Rosatom, etc.
- the radionuclides thus produced or obtained can be subjected to a chemical treatment such as chelation to make them in a chemical form suitable for binding to an antibody, and can then be used to form a complex with the antibody.
- the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody contained in the complex of the present invention is an immunoglobulin that specifically binds to mucin subtype 5AC.
- the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody used in the present invention may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody, but is preferably a monoclonal antibody.
- the origin of the antibody is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include antibodies of non-human animals, antibodies of non-human mammals, and human antibodies, and preferably, antibodies of humans, rats, mice, and rabbits.
- the antibody used in the present invention may be a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody, or a human antibody.
- the antibody used in the present invention may be, for example, IgG, and may be, for example, IgG1, IgG2 (e.g., IgG2a and IgG2b), IgG3, or IgG4.
- the antibody is a humanized antibody capable of specifically binding to MUC5AC, has stable physical properties, and has excellent tumor accumulation.
- the antibody may be used as an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and such an embodiment is also included in the present invention.
- the antibody contains a specific heavy chain variable region and a light chain variable region described below, and optionally has an appropriate heavy chain constant region and a light chain constant region.
- the term "antigen-binding fragment” refers to an antibody fragment consisting of a part of the humanized antibody used in the present invention, and has the ability to bind to MUC5AC. As long as it has the ability to bind to MUC5AC, the number of amino acids contained in the polypeptide constituting the antigen-binding fragment is not particularly limited.
- Heavy chain variable region 1 (H01), heavy chain variable region 2 (H02), heavy chain variable region 3 (H03), and heavy chain variable region 4 (H04) correspond to SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4, respectively, in the sequence table attached to this specification.
- the underlined regions are CDR regions.
- Light chain variable region 1 (L01), light chain variable region 2 (L02), light chain variable region 3 (L03), and light chain variable region 4 (L04) correspond to SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 8, respectively, in the sequence table attached to this specification.
- the underlined regions are CDR regions.
- the heavy chain variable region of the MUC5AC-specific antibody preferred in the present invention consists of an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4, and the light chain variable region consists of an amino acid sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 8.
- the MUC5AC-specific antibody used in the present invention consists of a combination of any one of the four heavy chain variable regions (H01 to H04) and any one of the four light chain variable regions (L01 to L04) described above.
- the preferred anti-MUC5AC specific antibody is a humanized antibody whose heavy chain variable region is H01, H03 or H04 and whose light chain variable region is any one of L01 to L04.
- the most suitable anti-MUC5AC specific antibody of the present invention is an antibody whose heavy chain variable region is H01 and whose light chain variable region is L03.
- the heavy chain variable region of the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody is not limited to that defined by the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:1 to SEQ ID NO:4, and also includes mutants that retain their functions.
- a mutated heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence that has a sequence identity of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, 96% or more, or 97% or more, more preferably 98% or more, and most preferably 99% or more with the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:1 to SEQ ID NO:4 can also be used as the heavy chain variable region of the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody used in the present invention, as long as it has the ability to bind to MUC5AC when combined with the light chain variable region of the present invention.
- amino acid sequence identity refers to the identity of amino acid sequences between two target proteins, and is expressed as the percentage (%) of matching amino acid residues in an optimal alignment of amino acid sequences created using a mathematical algorithm known in the art.
- Amino acid sequence identity can be determined by visual inspection and mathematical calculation, and can be calculated using homology search programs (e.g., BLAST, FASTA) or sequence alignment programs (e.g., ClustalW) well known to those skilled in the art, or genetic information processing software (e.g., GENETYX [registered trademark]).
- a mutated heavy chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence in which 10 or less, preferably 8 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less (3, 2, or 1) amino acids are deleted, substituted, or added in the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:1 to SEQ ID NO:4 can also be used as the heavy chain variable region of the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody used in the present invention, so long as it has the ability to bind to MUC5AC when combined with the light chain variable region of the present invention.
- the light chain variable region of the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody used in the present invention is not limited to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5 to SEQ ID NO:8, and also includes mutants that retain function.
- a mutated light chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence that has 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, 96% or more, or 97% or more, more preferably 98% or more, and most preferably 99% or more sequence identity with the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5 to SEQ ID NO:8 can also be used as the light chain variable region of the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody used in the present invention, as long as it has the ability to bind to MUC5AC when combined with the heavy chain variable region of the present invention.
- a mutated light chain variable region consisting of an amino acid sequence in which 10 or less, preferably 8 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 3 or less (3, 2 or 1) amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5 to SEQ ID NO:8 can also be used as the light chain variable region of the MUC5AC-specific antibody used in the present invention, so long as it has the ability to bind to MUC5AC when combined with the heavy chain variable region of the present invention.
- the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody used in the present invention can be produced by a method commonly used in the art or a method equivalent thereto. Specifically, it can be produced by the procedures described in WO 2021/075544 and WO 2021/075545.
- the chelating agent is not particularly limited as long as it has a site to which a radionuclide is coordinated in its structure.
- the chelating agent has a chelating moiety, which is the site to which a radionuclide is coordinated, and a substituent that enables the chelating agent to be conjugated to an antibody.
- Examples of the chelating moiety include CB-TE2A (1,4,8,11-Tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid), CDTA (Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid), CDTPA (4-cyano-4-[[(dodecylthio)thioxomethyl]thio]-Pentanoic acid), DOTA (1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), and DOTMA ((1R,4R,7R,10R)- ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ ”, ⁇ '”-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid).
- CB-TE2A (1,4,8,11-Tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic
- DOTAM 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane
- DOTA-GA ⁇ -(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- DOTA-GA-NHS DOTP (((1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonic acid)
- DOTPA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrapropionic acid), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane(L py ), p-SCN-Bn-DOTA (S-2-(4-
- H6phospa N,N'-(methylenephosphonate)-N,N'-[6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl]-methyl-1,2-diaminoethane
- HP-D03A Hydrophiletraazacyclododecanetriacetic acid
- porphyrin DO3A (1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid trisodium salt
- DO3A-NHS (1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid mono-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
- the compound has a structure derived from the compound represented by the following formula (A).
- R 11 , R 13 and R 14 each independently represent a group consisting of -(CH 2 ) p COOH, -(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 4 N, -(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , -(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or -(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH; one of R 12 and R 15 is a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group or a carboxyalkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, and the other is a substituent for conjugating with the antibody; p is an integer of 0 to 3; when R 12 is a substituent for conjugating with the antibody, R 15 is a hydrogen atom; and when R 12 is not a substituent for conjugating with the antibody, R 15 is a substituent for conjugating with the antibody.)
- formula (A) Specific examples include structures derived from compounds represented by the following formulas (A-1) to (A-12).
- the linking site between the chelating moiety and the substituent that enables conjugation with the antibody is preferably an amide bond or a thiourea bond, with an amide bond being more preferred from the viewpoint of stability.
- An amide bond is formed, for example, by the reaction of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS) group of the above formula (A-10) or (A-11) or the 2,6-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyranyl group of the above formula (A-12) with a primary amine.
- a thiourea bond is formed by the reaction of the isothiocyanate group of the compounds shown in the above formula (A-2) or (A-3) with a primary amine or a maleimide group.
- the complex of the present invention is a complex of an antibody and a chelating agent having a chelated radionuclide
- at least one molecule of the chelating agent may be provided per antibody molecule, but it is preferable to provide 1 to 8 molecules of the chelating agent.
- the chelating agent may be connected to the antibody via a linker, such as a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group, a peptide, a sugar chain, a disulfide group, or a combination thereof.
- a linker such as a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalkyl group, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group, a peptide, a sugar chain, a disulfide group, or a combination thereof.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- the chelating agent modifies the antibody site-specifically, more preferably in the Fc region, via a linker.
- the linker can be one that contains a peptide consisting of 13 to 17 amino acid residues (hereinafter also referred to as "antibody-modified peptide") represented by the following formula (i) and is formed by a crosslinking reaction between the antibody-modified peptide modified with a crosslinking agent and the antibody.
- antibody-modified peptide represented by the following formula (i) and is formed by a crosslinking reaction between the antibody-modified peptide modified with a crosslinking agent and the antibody.
- the left side of the amino acid sequence on the paper indicates the N-terminus side
- the right side of the amino acid sequence on the paper indicates the C-terminus side.
- the position at which the chelating agent and the antibody-modified peptide are linked is not particularly limited, but can be linked directly or indirectly to, for example, the N-terminus or C-terminus of the antibody-modified peptide, preferably the N-terminus.
- the C-terminus of the antibody-modified peptide may be modified, such as by amidation, to improve its stability.
- Xa, Xb, Xc, and Xd respectively represent a number of consecutive Xs, b number of consecutive Xs, c number of consecutive Xs, and d number of consecutive Xs;
- X is an amino acid residue having neither a thiol group nor a haloacetyl group in the side chain, a , b, c and d each independently represent an integer of 1 to 5, providing that a+b+c+d ⁇ 14 ; represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in the side chain, or one represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in the side chain, the other represents an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a haloacetyl group in the side chain, Xaa1 and
- Amino acid residues that may be included in X in the above formula (i) include, for example, those derived from amino acids such as glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, proline, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and methionine, and X may be amino acid residues consisting of the same type of amino acid, or may be amino acid residues consisting of different types of amino acids.
- amino acids such as glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, proline, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, histidine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and methionine
- X may be amino acid residues consisting of the same type of amino acid, or may be amino acid residues consisting of different types of amino acids.
- a, b, c, and d are not particularly limited as long as they are within the above-mentioned ranges, but from the viewpoint of the binding stability between the peptide and the antibody, a is preferably an integer between 1 and 3, b is preferably an integer between 1 and 3, c is preferably an integer between 3 and 5, and d is preferably an integer between 1 and 3, provided that a+b+c+d ⁇ 14.
- Xaa1 and Xaa3 are amino acid residues derived from amino acids having a thiol group in the side chain, and the amino acids may be the same or different.
- amino acids having a thiol group in the side chain include cysteine and homocysteine.
- Such amino acid residues are preferably bonded by a disulfide bond, or the sulfide group is bonded via a linker shown in the following formula (4).
- the wavy line portion indicates the bond portion with the sulfide group.
- Xaa1 and Xaa3 may be an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a thiol group in a side chain, and the other may be an amino acid residue derived from an amino acid having a haloacetyl group in a side chain. These are bonded via a thioether bond.
- the haloacetyl group has its end substituted with a halogen such as iodine, and the halogen is eliminated by reaction with the thiol group in the other side chain to form a thioether bond.
- Specific amino acid sequences of the antibody-modified peptide represented by formula (i) include, for example, the peptides described in WO 2016/186206, WO 2017/217347, and WO 2018/230257, and these can also be used.
- the antibody-modified peptide preferably has any one of the following sequences (1) to (14) as its amino acid sequence, and more preferably has the following sequence (1), (2), (13) or (14).
- (Xaa 2 ) represents a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or a diaminopropionic acid residue
- (Xaa 1 ) and (Xaa 3 ) both represent homocysteine residues.
- amino acids other than (Xaa 1 ), (Xaa 2 ), and (Xaa 3 ) are represented by single-letter abbreviations.
- the anti-MUC5AC specific antibodies of the present invention may be maintained in a buffer.
- the conjugate of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by introducing radioactive iodine ( 123I , 131I ) as a radioactive nuclide into the tyrosine residue of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody.Also, the conjugate can be prepared by introducing a substituent to which a radioactive halogen nuclide can stably bind into the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody of the present invention, and reacting the resulting antibody with a radioactive halogen ion.
- the method for producing the conjugate of the present invention can include two steps: a conjugation step of conjugating the chelating agent with the antibody, and a complex formation step of forming a complex between the radionuclide and the chelating agent (a step for producing a chelating agent having a chelated radionuclide).
- the conjugation step may be performed before or after the complex formation step.
- the radionuclide is chelated (complexed) with the chelating agent.
- the radionuclide used here is preferably used in an ionizable form, more preferably in an ionic form, from the viewpoint of increasing the efficiency of complex formation.
- the order of adding the radionuclide to the chelating agent does not matter as long as the complex can be formed with the radionuclide.
- a solution in which radionuclide ions are dissolved in a solvent mainly composed of water can be used as the radionuclide.
- the resulting complex may be purified using a filtration filter, a membrane filter, a column filled with various packing materials, chromatography, or the like.
- the conjugation step is preferably carried out after the complex formation step.
- a complex is formed between a radioactive nuclide and a chelating agent having a first atomic group capable of click reaction as a substituent for enabling conjugation with an antibody.
- step (B) a click reaction is carried out between the peptide-modified antibody, the Fc region of which has been site-specifically modified, and the chelating agent complexed in step (A) using the antibody-modified peptide shown in (i) above and an antibody-modified linker having a second atomic group capable of click reaction, to obtain the chelate complex of the present invention.
- Steps (A) and (B) will be described in detail below.
- the first atomic group and the second atomic group capable of a click reaction an appropriate one is selected according to the type of click reaction, and examples thereof include a combination of an alkyne and an azide, and a combination of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and an alkene.
- These atomic groups may be such that the first atomic group has one of the above combinations of atomic groups, and the second atomic group has one of the above combinations of atomic groups that is different from the first atomic group.
- the chelating linker is an alkyne and the antibody-modifying linker is an azide, or that the chelating linker is 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and the antibody-modifying linker is an alkene.
- click reactions using such combinations of atomic groups include the Huisgen cycloaddition reaction and the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction.
- combinations of atomic groups capable of a click reaction include, as shown in the formula below, a combination of an atomic group containing dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO) as the alkyne of the first atomic group (formula (1a)) and an atomic group containing an azide group as the azide of the second atomic group (formula (2a)), or a combination of an atomic group containing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine as the first atomic group (formula (1b)) and an atomic group containing trans-cyclooctene (TCO) as the alkene of the second atomic group (formula (2b)).
- DBCO dibenzylcyclooctyne
- TCO trans-cyclooctene
- R1 represents a linking site with a chelating agent
- R2 represents a linking site with an antibody-modifying peptide in an antibody.
- one of R3 and R4 represents a linking site to either a chelating agent or an antibody-modifying peptide in the antibody, the other represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group, or a pyridyl group, and R5 represents a linking site to either a chelating agent or an antibody-modifying peptide in the antibody depending on R3 or R4 .
- DBCO dibenzylcyclooctyne
- various DBCO reagents available commercially can be used. Specifically, for example, DBCO-C6-Acid, Dibenzylcyclooctyne-Amine, Dibenzylcyclooctyne Maleimide, DBCO-PEG acid, DBCO-PEG-NHS ester, DBCO-PEG-Alcohol, DBCO-PEG-amine, DBCO-PEG-NH-Boc, Carboxyrhodamine-PEG-DBCO, Sulforhodamine-PEG-DBCO, TAMRA-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-PEG-Biotin, DBCO-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-PEG-Maleimide, TCO-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-mPEG, etc.
- a chelating agent having a structure represented by the following formula (ii): A-B-C...
- A is a chelating moiety represented by the following formula (iia):
- Ra, Rb and Rc are independently a group consisting of -(CH 2 ) p COOH, -(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 4 N, -(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , -(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or -(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p COOH, p is an integer of 0 to 3, either Rd or Re is a bonding site with B (* in formula (iib) below), and the other is a hydrogen atom, or -(CH 2 ) p COOH, -(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 4 N, -(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , -(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or -(CHCOOH)(CH 2 ) p It is a group consisting of COOH, and p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less.
- B is represented by the following formula (iib).
- La and Lb are independently a bonding linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms containing at least an amide bond or a thiourea bond, t is an integer of 0 to 30, s is 0 or 1, * is a bonding site with A, and ** is a bonding site with C.
- C is either an alkyne derivative represented by the following formula (iic) or a tetrazine derivative represented by the following formula (iid).
- X is CHRk-** or N-**
- Rk is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- the Rk moieties may be combined to form a cycloalkyl group
- Rf, Rg, Rh and Ri are independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- Rf and Rg may be combined together or Rh and Ri may be combined to form a hydrocarbon ring
- ** indicates a bonding site with B
- ** indicates a bonding site with B
- Rj indicates a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group.
- A is the DOTA derivative
- B is a linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and including a thiourea bond
- La is 0 or 1
- t is an integer of 0 to 30
- Lb is a linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and including an amide bond or a thiourea bond
- C is an alkyne derivative represented by formula (iic), in which X is N-**, Y is CHRk, Rk is a hydrogen atom, and Rf and Rg together form a benzene ring.
- DOTA-PEGt-DBCO derivatives in which Rh and Ri together form a benzene ring, and ** is the bonding site with B; or B is even more preferably a DOTA-PEGt-Tz derivative, in which La is a bonding linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and including a thiourea bond, s is 0 or 1, and when s is 1, t is an integer of 0 to 30, Lb is a bonding linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and including an amide bond or a thiourea bond, and C is a tetrazine derivative represented by formula (iid).
- B is even more preferably a DO3A-PEGt-DBCO derivative in which La is a bond linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and including an amide bond or a thiourea bond, s is 0 or 1, and when s is 1, t is an integer between 0 and 30, and Lb is a bond linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and including an amide bond, and C is an alkyne derivative represented by formula (iic), in which X is N-**, Y is CHRk, Rk is a hydrogen atom, Rf and Rg are taken together to form a benzene ring, Rh and Ri are taken together to form a benzene ring, and ** is a bond site with B.
- B is even more preferably a DOTA-GA-PEGt-DBCO derivative in which La is a bond linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and containing an amide bond or a thiourea bond, s is 0 or 1, and when s is 1, t is an integer of 0 to 30, Lb is a bond linker having 1 to 50 carbon atoms and containing an amide bond or a thiourea bond, and C is an alkyne derivative represented by formula (iic), in which X is N-**, Y is CHRk, Rk is a hydrogen atom, Rf and Rg are taken together to form a benzene ring, Rh and Ri are taken together to form a benzene ring, and ** is a bond site with B.
- the molar ratio of the chelating agent to the radionuclide is preferably 10/1 or more at the lower limit, more preferably 100/1 or more, and even more preferably 500/1 or more at the upper limit, preferably 10,000/1 or less, more preferably 8,000/1 or less, and even more preferably 7,000/1 or less, for example, in the range of 100/1 or more and 7,000/1 or less, and more preferably 500/1 or more and 7,000/1 or less.
- the complex formation reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent that can be used include water, saline, or buffer solutions such as sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate-buffered saline, trishydroxymethylaminomethane buffer (Tris buffer), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer (HEPES buffer), and tetramethylammonium acetate buffer.
- the amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of practicality in the manufacturing process, at the start of step (A), the lower limit is 0.01 mL or more, preferably 0.1 mL or more, more preferably 1.0 mL or more, even more preferably 10 mL or more, and even more preferably 100 mL or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 mL or less, more preferably 100 mL or less, even more preferably 10 mL or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mL or less, for example, in the range of 0.01 mL or more and 100 mL or less.
- the concentration of the chelating agent in the reaction solution of the complex formation reaction is, independently from the viewpoint of the yield of the desired chelating agent, at the start of step (A), preferably at a lower limit of 0.001 ⁇ mol/L or more, more preferably at a lower limit of 0.01 ⁇ mol/L or more, even more preferably at a higher limit of 0.1 ⁇ mol/L or more, and even more preferably at a higher limit of 1 ⁇ mol/L, and preferably at an upper limit of 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less, more preferably at a lower limit of 100 ⁇ mol/L or less, and even more preferably at a lower limit of 10 ⁇ mol/L, for example, in the range of 1 ⁇ mol/L or more and 100 ⁇ mol/L or less.
- the temperature of the complex formation reaction may be, for example, room temperature (25°C) or under heated conditions, but from the viewpoint of simultaneously suppressing the decomposition of the chelating agent and improving the efficiency of complex formation, the lower limit is preferably 20°C or higher, more preferably 30°C or higher, even more preferably 35°C or higher, even more preferably 37°C or higher, and particularly preferably 45°C or higher, and the upper limit is preferably 150°C or lower, more preferably 120°C or lower, even more preferably 100°C or lower, and even more preferably 90°C or lower, for example, a range of 30°C or higher and 100°C or lower is preferred, and a range of 35°C or higher and 90°C or lower is more preferred.
- the lower limit of the reaction time is preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, even more preferably 20 minutes or more, even more preferably 30 minutes or more, and particularly preferably 45 minutes or more
- the upper limit is preferably 180 minutes or less, more preferably 150 minutes or less, even more preferably 120 minutes or less, even more preferably 90 minutes or less, and particularly preferably 60 minutes or less, for example, a range of 10 minutes or more to 150 minutes or less is preferred, and a range of 10 minutes or more to 60 minutes or less is more preferred.
- the antibody used in step (B) is a peptide-modified antibody in which the Fc region (constant region) of the humanized antibody described in detail in the above section "(1-2) Antibody” has been site-specifically modified using the antibody-modified peptide shown in (i) above and an antibody-modified linker having a click-reactive second atomic group.
- Antibody-modified peptides can be produced by combining amino acids, both natural and unnatural, and subjecting them to peptide synthesis methods such as liquid phase synthesis, solid phase synthesis, automated peptide synthesis, recombinant gene synthesis, and phage display.
- peptide synthesis methods such as liquid phase synthesis, solid phase synthesis, automated peptide synthesis, recombinant gene synthesis, and phage display.
- the functional groups of the amino acids used may be protected as necessary. These can be carried out, for example, in accordance with the methods described in WO 2017/217347 and WO 2018/230257.
- the antibody-modified linker may be an antibody-modified peptide bound to a linker represented by the following formula (S1). *-(( L1 ) m -Z) k - L2 - AG2 ...(S1) (In the formula, * indicates a binding site to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide, L1 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker moiety; m is an integer of 1 to 50, Z is a second linker moiety connecting (L 1 ) m and L 2 ; k is 0 or 1; L2 is a second PEG linker moiety; AG 2 is the second atomic group.
- S1 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker moiety
- m is an integer of 1 to 50
- Z is a second linker moiety connecting (L 1 ) m and L 2
- k is 0 or 1
- L2 is a second PEG linker moiety
- AG 2 is the second atomic group.
- the structure of Z is not particularly limited as long as it is a linker structure that bonds (L 1 ) m and L 2 to each other, and may include, for example, an amino acid sequence consisting of 1 to 5 amino acid residues.
- the amino acid sequence included in Z preferably includes a cysteine residue, and more preferably is bonded to L 2 via a thioether group formed by bonding a thiol group of the cysteine residue with a maleimide group.
- the PEG linker portion constituting L2 preferably has a structure represented by the following formula (P2):
- n is an integer, preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 1 to 20, even more preferably 2 to 10, and still more preferably 2 to 6.
- One end of the PEG linker structure may be modified with a structure derived from a commercially available PEGylation reagent or a structure derived from a reagent commonly used for PEGylation, and examples include, but are not limited to, structures derived from diglycolic acid or its derivatives, and maleimide or its derivatives.
- the second atomic group can be introduced into the antibody-modified linker by, for example, obtaining an antibody-modified peptide having the desired amino acid sequence by the above-mentioned method, dissolving the peptide in a solution containing a solubilizing agent, a reducing agent, and, if necessary, an acid, adding an organic solvent solution of an atomic group containing an azide group or trans-cyclooctene (TCO) as the second atomic group to the solution, and stirring at room temperature.
- TCO trans-cyclooctene
- the azide group When introducing an atomic group containing an azide group as the second atomic group, the azide group can be introduced directly to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide in the usual manner using a commercially available azide group introduction reagent, or the atomic group containing an azide group can be introduced via the linker structure described above.
- azide group introduction reagents that can be used include silyl azide, phosphoric acid azide, alkyl ammonium azide, inorganic azide, sulfonyl azide, and PEG azide.
- TCO when introducing an atomic group containing TCO as the second atomic group, TCO can be introduced directly to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the peptide using a commercially available click chemistry reagent containing TCO according to standard methods, or the atomic group containing TCO can be introduced via the linker structure described above.
- the method of obtaining a peptide-modified antibody by binding an antibody-modified peptide to an antibody can be carried out, for example, by using a crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent is a chemical substance for covalently linking an antibody-modified peptide to an antibody, and examples thereof include crosslinking agents containing preferably two or more succinimidyl groups, such as disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG) and disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), crosslinking agents consisting of a compound or a salt thereof containing preferably two or more imido acid moieties, such as dimethyl adipimidate, and compounds having disulfide bonds, such as dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate and dithiobissuccinimidyl propionic acid, or a salt thereof.
- DSG disuccinimidyl glutarate
- DSS disuccinimidyl suberate
- crosslinking agents consisting of a
- a crosslinking reaction can be caused between the amino acid residue Xaa 2 in the antibody-modified peptide and the antibody.
- the crosslinking reaction in the antibody occurs site-specifically between the amino acid residue Xaa 2 and the Lys246 or Lys248 residue according to the Eu numbering in the humanized antibody of the present invention. These Lys residues are present in the Fc region in the humanized antibodies of the present invention.
- the antibody-modified peptide can be bound to the antibody by, for example, dispersing the above-mentioned antibody-modified peptide, the antibody, the crosslinker, and, if necessary, the catalyst in an appropriate buffer solution at a temperature of 10°C to 30°C.
- the reaction time can be about 10 minutes to 2 hours.
- the molar ratio of the peptide to the antibody during the reaction, as antibody/peptide is preferably 1/5 or more, more preferably 1/3 or more, and even more preferably 1/1.5 or more, and preferably 20/1 or less, more preferably 10/1 or less, even more preferably 5/1 or less, even more preferably 1/1 or less, and especially preferably 1/1.7 or less, and is preferably in the range of, for example, 1/5 to 20/1, and more preferably 1/1.5 to 1/1.7.
- the peptide-modified antibody obtained through the above steps is a mixture containing an arbitrary ratio of an antibody in which one antibody molecule is bound to one antibody-modified peptide molecule (hereinafter referred to as a "monovalent antibody”) and an antibody in which two antibody-modified peptide molecules are bound to one antibody molecule (hereinafter referred to as a "bivalent antibody”), and this may be subjected to the subsequent steps as is, or the unmodified antibody, the monovalent antibody, and the bivalent antibody may be separated and purified using a filtration filter, a membrane filter, a column filled with various packing materials, various types of chromatography, or other methods, and then only the antibody of one of the valencies may be subjected to the subsequent steps.
- the mixture containing them may be subjected to the subsequent steps.
- any of the purification methods described above may be used.
- Packing materials suitable for the separation and purification of proteins such as antibodies are not particularly limited as long as they are immobilized on a carrier made of a water-insoluble base material and an immunoglobulin-binding protein that specifically binds to the antibody is immobilized on the carrier.
- immunoglobulin-binding proteins include protein A, protein G, and protein L. These immunoglobulin-binding proteins may be recombinant proteins that have been genetically engineered, and examples of recombinant immunoglobulin-binding proteins include genetically modified protein A, genetically modified protein G, and fusion proteins of a protein A domain and a protein G domain.
- protein A is more preferable as a packing material suitable for the separation and purification of at least monovalent antibodies and bivalent antibodies, and genetically modified protein A is even more preferable.
- protein A and protein G are protein molecules that can specifically bind to IgG, which is an antibody molecule, and are classified as protein A (Staphylococcus aureus) or protein G (Streptococcus) depending on the origin of the microorganisms isolated.
- Genetically modified protein A is protein A in which at least one amino acid mutation has been introduced into an amino acid residue in any of the IgG binding domains (E, D, A, B, and C domains) of protein A.
- genetically modified protein A in which a domain in which at least one amino acid mutation has been introduced is multimerized is preferred, more preferably a multimer of the A, B, or C domain of protein A in which at least one amino acid mutation has been introduced, and even more preferably a multimer of a dimer to a pentamer.
- the amino acid mutation may be derived from any mutation, such as substitution, deletion, or insertion, of the amino acid sequence or the base sequence encoding the amino acid during the transcription and translation process of the gene.
- Examples of genetically modified protein A include, but are not limited to, those described in WO 2003/080655 and WO 2011/118699.
- Water-insoluble substrates onto which immunoglobulin-binding proteins can be immobilized include inorganic carriers such as glass beads and silica gel, synthetic polymers such as cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, cross-linked polyacrylate, cross-linked polyacrylamide, and cross-linked polystyrene, and organic carriers made of polysaccharides such as crystalline cellulose, cross-linked cellulose, cross-linked agarose, and cross-linked dextran, as well as composite carriers such as organic-organic and organic-inorganic obtained by combining these.
- inorganic carriers such as glass beads and silica gel
- synthetic polymers such as cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol, cross-linked polyacrylate, cross-linked polyacrylamide, and cross-linked polystyrene
- organic carriers made of polysaccharides such as crystalline cellulose, cross-linked cellulose, cross-linked agarose, and cross-linked dextran, as well as composite carriers such as organic-organic and organic-inorganic obtained by combining these.
- the following describes an example of separating and purifying a peptide-modified antibody to be used in the click reaction in step (B).
- the peptide-modified antibody is subjected to a click reaction in step (B) through an antibody modification step of site-specifically modifying the Fc region of an antibody with a linker (antibody-modifying linker) comprising an antibody-modifying peptide to obtain the modified antibody, and an antibody purification step of purifying the modified antibody using a carrier on which the above-mentioned immunoglobulin-binding protein is immobilized.
- the antibody purification step further includes a retention step of retaining the modified antibody retained on the carrier on the carrier, a washing step of washing the modified antibody not retained on the carrier, and an elution step of eluting the modified antibody retained on the carrier in the retention step.
- modified antibodies are obtained as a mixture containing unmodified antibodies not modified with the antibody-modifying linker, monovalent antibodies, and divalent antibodies
- a first antibody composition relatively rich in unmodified antibodies and monovalent antibodies and a second antibody composition relatively rich in divalent antibodies are eluted by utilizing the differences in the interactions of the unmodified antibodies, monovalent antibodies, and divalent antibodies with immunoglobulin-binding proteins.
- a second antibody composition relatively rich in peptide-modified antibodies (divalent antibodies) that have a low level of interaction with immunoglobulin-binding proteins is eluted
- a first antibody composition relatively rich in peptide-modified antibodies (unmodified antibodies and monovalent antibodies) that have a high level of interaction with immunoglobulin-binding proteins is eluted.
- containing a relatively large amount of unmodified antibodies and monovalent antibodies means that the total amount of unmodified antibodies and monovalent antibodies contained in the first antibody composition is greater than the divalent antibodies contained in the antibody composition, and preferably means that the total amount of unmodified antibodies and monovalent antibodies is 55% or more, 63% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more relative to the total amount (100%) of unmodified antibodies and modified antibodies contained in the antibody composition; and "containing a relatively large amount of divalent antibodies” means that the amount of divalent antibodies contained in the second antibody composition is greater than the monovalent antibodies contained in the antibody composition, and preferably means that the amount of divalent antibodies is 55% or more, 63% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, or 90% or more relative to the total amount (100%) of unmodified antibodies and modified antibodies contained in the antibody composition.
- a solution containing a mixture of unmodified antibodies, monovalent antibodies, and divalent antibodies obtained in the antibody modification step is added to the column, and the unmodified antibodies and monovalent antibodies retained on the carrier are retained on the column, while the divalent antibodies not retained on the carrier are allowed to pass through.
- the solution passed through in the retention step constitutes a part of the second antibody composition.
- the dilution solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the peptide-modified antibodies and is unlikely to aggregate or denature in the solvent, and water, saline, or buffers such as sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Tris) buffer, 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer, etc. can be used, and it is preferable to use any of the buffers described above, and it is more preferable to use sodium acetate buffer.
- buffers such as sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate buffered saline, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Tris) buffer, 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-
- the concentration of the buffer is 10 mmol/L or more, preferably 15 mmol/L or more, more preferably 20 mmol/L or more, and 1000 mmol/L or less, preferably 500 mmol/L or less, more preferably 100 mmol/L or less.
- the elution solvent may contain an additive such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride. The concentration of the additive contained in the elution solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, 0.15 mol/L can be used.
- the modified antibody remaining in the column is eluted from the column using a washing solvent. Since the solution passed through the column in the above-mentioned retention step and the solution eluted from the column in the washing step contain relatively large amounts of bivalent antibodies, they can be used together as the second antibody composition.
- the washing solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a buffer solution in which the peptide-modified antibody dissolves, is unlikely to aggregate or denature in the solvent, and has an appropriate pH buffering ability, and can be, for example, a sodium acetate buffer solution, an ammonium acetate buffer solution, a phosphate buffered saline solution, a 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Tris) buffer solution, a 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer solution, or the like.
- a sodium acetate buffer solution an ammonium acetate buffer solution
- a phosphate buffered saline solution a 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Tris) buffer solution
- Tris 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
- the concentration of the buffer used in the washing solvent is, as a lower limit, 20 mmol/L or more, preferably 30 mmol/L or more, and, as an upper limit, 200 mmol/L or less, preferably 70 mmol/L or less.
- the pH of the washing solvent is, as a lower limit, 4.0 or more, preferably 4.5 or more, more preferably 4.8 or more, and, as an upper limit, 7.4 or less, preferably 6.0 or less, more preferably 5.2 or less.
- the elution solvent may contain an additive such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, etc.
- concentration of the additive contained in the elution solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, 0.15 mol/L can be used.
- the modified antibodies retained on the carrier are eluted from the column using an elution solvent, i.e., the first antibody composition containing relatively large amounts of unmodified antibodies and monovalent antibodies is eluted from the column using an elution solvent.
- an elution solvent a buffer solution such as a sodium acetate buffer, an ammonium acetate buffer, a citrate buffer, etc. can be used.
- the elution solvent may contain an additive such as sodium chloride or potassium chloride.
- the concentration of the additive contained in the elution solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, 0.15 mol/L can be used.
- the concentration of the buffer is, as a lower limit, 20 mmol/L or more, preferably 30 mmol/L or more, and as an upper limit, 200 mmol/L or less, preferably 70 mmol/L or less.
- the pH of the elution solvent is preferably, as a lower limit, pH 3.0 or more, and as an upper limit, pH 4.2 or less, from the viewpoint of weakening the interaction between the unmodified antibody and the monovalent antibody and the immunoglobulin-binding protein and preventing denaturation and aggregation of the antibody.
- the first antibody composition or the second antibody composition obtained in the antibody purification step may be used as is in the click reaction in the subsequent step (B), or the protein concentration of the peptide-modified antibody contained therein may be adjusted before being used in the click reaction in step (B).
- the click reaction in step (B) is carried out between a first atomic group capable of click reaction possessed by the chelating agent and a second atomic group capable of click reaction possessed by the peptide-modified antibody.
- This click reaction forms a linking group (a substituent that enables conjugation with the antibody) that links the chelating agent to the antibody.
- the order of addition does not matter.
- one of the complex and the peptide-modified antibody may be added to a reaction vessel containing a solvent, and then the other may be added to cause the reaction; or one of the chelating agent and the antibody may be dispersed in a solvent, and the other may be added to the dispersion and caused to react.
- they may be added simultaneously to a reaction vessel containing a solvent and caused to react.
- the solvent used in the click reaction in step (B) may be a solvent containing water, such as water, saline, or a buffer solution such as sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate-buffered saline, Tris buffer, HEPES buffer, or tetramethylammonium acetate buffer.
- a buffer solution such as sodium acetate buffer, ammonium acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, phosphate-buffered saline, Tris buffer, HEPES buffer, or tetramethylammonium acetate buffer.
- the pH at 25°C is preferably 4.0 to 10.0, more preferably 5.5 to 8.5, from the viewpoint of achieving both the stability of the complex and the antibody and the binding efficiency thereof.
- the amount of reaction liquid is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of practicality in the manufacturing process, at the start of step (B), the lower limit is preferably 0.001 mL or more, more preferably 0.01 mL or more, even more preferably 0.1 mL or more, and even more preferably 1 mL or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1000 mL or less, more preferably 100 mL or less, even more preferably 10 mL or less, and even more preferably 1 mL or less, for example, a range of 0.001 mL or more to 1000 mL or less is preferred, and a range of 0.1 mL or more to 10 mL or less is more preferred.
- the concentrations of the chelating agent and the antibody in the reaction solution at the start of step (B) are each independently preferably 0.001 ⁇ mol/L or more as a lower limit, more preferably 0.01 ⁇ mol/L or more, even more preferably 0.1 ⁇ mol/L or more, and even more preferably 1.0 ⁇ mol/L or more, and preferably 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less as an upper limit, and more preferably 100 ⁇ mol/L or less, for example, a range of 0.1 ⁇ mol/L or more to 1000 ⁇ mol/L or less is preferred, and a range of 1 ⁇ mol/L or more to 100 ⁇ mol/L or less is more preferred from the viewpoint of the yield of the desired chelate complex.
- the upper limit of the reaction temperature for the click reaction in step (B) is preferably 50°C or lower, more preferably 40°C or lower.
- the lower limit of the reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds at that temperature, but is preferably 15°C or higher.
- the reaction time for the click reaction is preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, and is preferably 24 hours or less, more preferably 20 hours or less, provided that the reaction temperature is as described above. For example, a range of 5 minutes to 24 hours is preferred, and more preferably a range of 10 minutes to 20 hours is preferred.
- the resulting chelate complex may be used as is, or may be purified using a filtration filter, a membrane filter, a column filled with various packing materials, chromatography, etc.
- the chelate complex produced by steps (A) and (B) is a complex in which a specific site (e.g., a lysine residue in the Fc region of the antibody) of a humanized antibody that specifically binds to MUC5AC is specifically modified with a chelating agent.
- This chelate complex has one or two molecules of the chelating agent per molecule of the antibody.
- the chelating agent site-specifically modifies the Fc region of the antibody of the present invention via a linker.
- the linker is composed of a chelating linker connected to the chelating agent, a first atomic group connected to the linker, a second atomic group capable of click-reacting with the first atomic group, and an antibody-modified linker (including the antibody-modified peptide represented by the above formula (i)) connected to the second atomic group. Therefore, the linker has a chemical structure derived from the first atomic group and the second atomic group.
- Such a chemical structure may be a triazole skeleton-containing structure represented by the following formula (10a) or (10b) or a pyridazine skeleton-containing structure represented by the following formula (10c).
- Formula (10a) and formula (10b) are isomers and may be included in any ratio.
- R 1A represents a bonding site with a chelating linker
- R 2A represents a bonding site with an antibody-modifying linker
- one of R 3A and R 4A represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group, the other represents a bonding site with a chelating linker
- R 5A represents a bonding site with an antibody-modifying linker.
- liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention refers to a liquid pharmaceutical composition that contains the conjugate of the present invention, i.e., a conjugate of a radioactive nuclide and an anti-MUC5AC specific antibody, and is in a form suitable for administration to a subject's living body.
- liquid refers to a liquid or fluid state under normal conditions (e.g., in the atmosphere, at room temperature/normal temperature), and also includes a state having some viscosity. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, a solution, a suspension, a dispersion, an emulsion, and the like.
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition can be produced, for example, by dissolving the conjugate of the present invention produced by the above-mentioned method in a solvent that is mainly composed of water and is approximately isotonic with the living body.
- a solvent that is mainly composed of water and is approximately isotonic with the living body.
- other pharma- ceutical acceptable components may be contained as necessary.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a concentration capable of exerting the desired effect, and is 0.1 mg/mL or more, preferably 0.3 mg/mL or more, more preferably 0.4 mg/mL or more, even more preferably 0.5 mg/mL or more, and 5 mg/mL or less, preferably 3 mg/mL or less, more preferably 2 mg/mL or less, even more preferably 1.5 mg/mL or less.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody is 0.1 mg/mL or more and 5 mg/mL or less, preferably 0.3 mg/mL or more and 3 mg/mL or less, more preferably 0.4 mg/mL or more and 2 mg/mL or less, even more preferably 0.5 mg/mL or more and 1.5 mg/mL or less.
- the complex of the present invention is a complex of a chelating agent to which a radioactive nuclide is chelated and an antibody
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody described above is the total concentration of the antibody complexed with the chelating agent and the antibody not complexed with the chelating agent.
- A is a schematic diagram of a chelating linker
- B is a schematic diagram of a radioactive nuclide
- C is a schematic diagram of a radiolabeled chelator (intermediate) in which a radioactive nuclide is complexed with the chelating linker of A
- D is a schematic diagram of an antibody-modified peptide
- E is a schematic diagram of an unmodified anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody (zero-valent antibody)
- F is a schematic diagram of an anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody (monovalent antibody) modified with one molecule of an antibody-modified peptide
- G is a schematic diagram of an anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody (unlabeled monovalent antibody) in which an unlabeled chelating linker and an antibody-modified peptide are bound by a click reaction
- H is a schematic diagram of an anti-MUC
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is the total concentration of the zero-valent antibody (unmodified antibody), the monovalent antibody, the unlabeled monovalent antibody, and the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody contained in the structure represented by H, which is the active ingredient.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention was measured as a protein concentration immediately after production or after storage at 25 ⁇ 2° C. using a variable pathlength ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer with a measurement wavelength of 280 nm set as the measurement conditions.
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is characterized by containing a stabilizer and a buffer.
- stabilizers include amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and inorganic salts.
- amino acids as stabilizers include L-arginine or glycine.
- sugars as stabilizers include sucrose or trehalose.
- sugar alcohols as stabilizers include sorbitol.
- inorganic salts as stabilizers include sodium chloride.
- buffers include L-histidine, citric acid, and phosphoric acid. Among these, L-arginine is preferred as a stabilizer, L-histidine is preferred as a buffer, and it is more preferred to use a combination of L-arginine and L-histidine.
- Each amino acid contained in the liquid pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of a salt.
- the salt include acid addition salts and salts with bases, and it is preferable to select a pharmacologically acceptable salt.
- examples of such salts include salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, salts with inorganic bases, and salts with organic bases.
- Examples of salts with inorganic acids include salts with hydrohalic acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, etc.), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
- salts with organic acids include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, etc.
- salts with inorganic bases include salts with alkali metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, salts with alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium, and salts with ammonium.
- salts with organic bases include salts with ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, ethanolamine, monoalkylethanolamine, dialkylethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc.
- the concentration of each amino acid in the liquid pharmaceutical composition is appropriately set depending on the type of amino acid used (when the amino acid is a salt, it is converted to the free form).
- the stabilizer is L-arginine, it is preferably 10 mmol/L or more, 25 mmol/L or more, or 50 mmol/L or more, more preferably 80 mmol/L or more, even more preferably 90 mmol/L or more, and preferably 150 mmol/L or less, 140 mmol/L or less, or 130 mmol/L or less, more preferably 120 mmol/L or less, even more preferably 110 mmol/L or less.
- the concentration of L-arginine is 10 mmol/L or more and 150 mmol/L or less, 25 mmol/L or more and 140 mmol/L or less, 50 mmol/L or more and 130 mmol/L or less, preferably 80 mmol/L or more and 120 mmol/L or less, more preferably 90 mmol/L or more and 110 mmol/L or less.
- the concentration is preferably 1 mmol/L or more, 10 mmol/L or more, or 20 mmol/L or more, more preferably 30 mmol/L or more, even more preferably 40 mmol/L or more, and preferably 100 mmol/L or less, 90 mmol/L or less, or 80 mmol/L or less, more preferably 70 mmol/L or less, even more preferably 60 mmol/L or less.
- the concentration of L-histidine is 1 mmol/L or more and 100 mmol/L or less, or 10 mmol/L or more and 90 mmol/L or less, or 20 mmol/L or more and 80 mmol/L or less, preferably 30 mmol/L or more and 70 mmol/L or less, more preferably 40 mmol/L or more and 60 mmol/L or less.
- These amino acids may function as buffers.
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is characterized by containing a surfactant.
- surfactant as used in the present invention is defined to include any surfactant having a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region, including nonionic, cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
- Suitable surfactants can be selected from, for example, polysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, Tween 20, CAS number: 9005-64-5), polysorbate 60 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, Tween 60, CAS number: 9005-67-8), polysorbate 65 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate, Tween 65, CAS number: 9005-71-4), polysorbate 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan oleate, Tween 80, CAS number: 9005-65-6), poloxamer (e.g., poloxamer 188), and the like. Polysorbate 80 is preferred for the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- the surfactant can be present in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention at a concentration that varies depending on the type of surfactant used, but is usually 0.001 vol.% or more, preferably 0.01 vol.% or more, more preferably 0.03 vol.% or more, and even more preferably 0.05 vol.% or more, and usually 2.0 vol.% or less, preferably 1.0 vol.% or less, more preferably 0.5 vol.% or less, even more preferably 0.3 vol.% or less, and even more preferably 0.1 vol.% or less.
- the surfactant can be present in the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention at a concentration of from 0.001 vol.% to 2.0 vol.%, preferably from 0.01 vol.% to 1.0 vol.%, more preferably from 0.03 vol.% to 0.5 vol.%, even more preferably from 0.05 vol.% to 0.3 vol.%, and even more preferably from 0.05 vol.% to 0.1 vol.%.
- the pH of the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more, and is preferably 9 or less, more preferably 8 or less. In one embodiment, the pH of the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is 3 or more and 9 or less, preferably 5 or more and 8 or less.
- An effective amount of the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered to a living body orally or parenterally, such as intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intramuscularly, and is used for treating or diagnosing a disease, or detecting a lesion, etc.
- the subjects of administration herein include, but are not limited to, humans, or animals such as mice, rats, monkeys, guinea pigs, chimpanzees, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, and horses, with humans being preferred.
- a preferred target disease is cancer.
- cancers to be treated or diagnosed by the present invention include pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, urothelial cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, bile duct cancer, biliary tract cancer, and endometrial cancer, and the application to pancreatic cancer is particularly preferred.
- the "effective amount” here refers to an amount that can produce a therapeutically effective effect in the subject to which it is administered.
- the effective amount to be administered to a subject varies depending on factors such as the type of subject, the subject's weight, the dosage form (e.g., injection) and route of administration (oral administration, parenteral administration, etc.), and the severity of the disease (e.g., cancer). Physicians and veterinarians can determine an appropriate effective amount taking these factors into consideration.
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used for radionuclide internal therapy.
- a radiopharmaceutical is administered intravenously or orally, the radiopharmaceutical is accumulated at a lesion site such as a primary cancer lesion or a metastatic lesion, and cancer cells at the lesion site are destroyed by radiation emitted from the radiopharmaceutical. Therefore, the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be preferably used for radionuclide internal therapy for cancer.
- the dosage and dose of the pharmaceutical composition are appropriately selected depending on the type of radionuclide, the effectiveness of the active ingredient, the form and route of administration, the stage of progression of the disease (especially cancer), the patient's body type, weight, and age, and the type and amount of the therapeutic drug for other diseases used in combination.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition may be expressed as a human equivalent dose (HED) calculated by converting the mouse dosage into a human dosage based on body surface area.
- the radionuclide when the dose for a mouse weighing 20 g is used to calculate the HED for a human weighing 60 kg, if the radionuclide is iodine-131, it can usually be administered at 100 MBq/kg or less per dose. It can also be effective at a dose of 50 MBq/kg or less per dose. For example, if the radionuclide is yttrium-90, it can usually be administered at 50 MBq/kg or less per dose. It can also be effective at a dose of 30 MBq/kg or less per dose. For example, if the radionuclide is lutetium-177, it can usually be administered at 50 MBq/kg or less per dose.
- radionuclide is iodine-131
- the toxicity to the thyroid gland where iodine accumulates physiologically can be reduced by administering a non-radioactive iodine preparation (stable iodine preparation) in advance.
- Potassium iodide, potassium iodate, etc. can be used as the stable iodine preparation.
- the radiopharmaceutical composition obtained may be used for cancer diagnosis in radionuclide internal therapy for cancer.
- the pharmaceutical composition for cancer diagnosis of the present invention may be used for diagnosis before performing radionuclide internal therapy for cancer, or for diagnosis after performing radionuclide internal therapy for cancer.
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention containing a radionuclide that emits ⁇ rays.
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention containing a radionuclide that emits ⁇ -rays for diagnosis after radionuclide internal therapy for cancer, it can be used to determine whether or not the radionuclide internal therapy for cancer is effective and to optimize the treatment plan, such as by increasing or decreasing the dosage.
- the storage container for the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be made of glass or plastic.
- the shape of the storage container for the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be a vial or a syringe. It may be colorless or colored.
- the radioactive liquid pharmaceutical composition containing a radioactive anti-MUC5AC specific antibody adsorption of radioactivity to a storage container is suppressed, so that it is possible to guarantee the initial quality.
- a storage container preferably a glass container
- the proportion of radioactivity adsorbed to the storage container varies depending on the type of radioactive nuclide used, but is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 8% or less, and even more preferably 6% or less.
- a liquid pharmaceutical composition comprising a complex of a radionuclide and an antibody as an active ingredient, The antibody specifically binds to mucin subtype 5AC, the concentration of the antibody in the composition is 0.1 mg/mL or more and 5 mg/mL or less; A stabilizer, a buffer, a surfactant, 13.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising: [2] The pharmaceutical composition according to [1], wherein the radioactive nuclide is a radioactive nuclide that emits alpha particles, positrons, beta rays or gamma rays. [3] The pharmaceutical composition according to [1] or [2], wherein the stabilizer is L-arginine.
- [4] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the buffer is L-histidine.
- the stabilizer in the composition is L-arginine and the buffer is L-histidine, The concentration of the L-arginine is 10 mmol/L or more and 150 mmol/L or less, The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the concentration of the L-histidine is 1 mmol/L or more and 100 mmol/L or less.
- the surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 65, and polysorbate 80.
- composition In the composition, The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the concentration of the surfactant is 0.01% by volume or more and 2.0% by volume or less.
- concentration of the surfactant is from 0.01% by volume to 0.5% by volume.
- radioactive nuclide is 89 Zr.
- the humanized antibody (1) an amino acid sequence (H01) represented by SEQ ID NO:1; (2) the amino acid sequence (H02) shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (3) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 (H03), or (4) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 (H04).
- a heavy chain variable region consisting of (5) the amino acid sequence (L01) shown in SEQ ID NO:5; (6) the amino acid sequence (L02) shown in SEQ ID NO:6; (7) the amino acid sequence (L03) shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, or (8) the amino acid sequence (L04) shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
- the humanized antibody (1) a heavy chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence (H01) shown in SEQ ID NO:1; (7) a light chain variable region consisting of the amino acid sequence (L03) shown in SEQ ID NO: 7;
- the conjugate according to [11], which is a humanized antibody having the formula: [12] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [11], [11-1] and [11-2], wherein the complex is a complex of an antibody and a chelating agent to which the radionuclide is chelated.
- [12-1] The pharmaceutical composition according to [12], wherein the chelating agent site-specifically modifies the Fc region of the antibody via a linker.
- [12-2] The pharmaceutical composition according to [12] and [12-1], wherein the linker comprises a peptide consisting of 13 to 17 amino acid residues represented by the above formula (i), and is formed by a crosslinking reaction between the peptide modified with a crosslinking agent and the antibody.
- [12-3] The pharmaceutical composition according to [12], [12-1] or [12-2], wherein the chelating agent has a structure derived from the compound represented by the above formula (A) or a salt thereof.
- the linker is a chelating linker connecting said chelating agent; a first atomic group attached to the chelating linker; a second atomic group capable of undergoing a Click reaction with the first atomic group; and an antibody-modifying linker connected to the second atomic group and comprising the peptide.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [12], [12-1], [12-2] and [12-3], wherein the linker comprises any one of the chemical structures represented by formulas (10a), (10b) and (10c) above as a chemical structure derived from the first atomic group and the second atomic group.
- [13] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [12], [12-1], [12-2], [12-3] and [12-4], wherein one molecule of the chelating agent is site-specifically conjugated to one molecule of the antibody.
- [15] The pharmaceutical composition according to [14], wherein the antibody concentration in the composition is 0.4 mg/mL or more and 2.0 mg/mL or less.
- [16] The pharmaceutical composition according to claim [14] or [15], wherein the antibody concentration in the composition is 0.5 mg/mL or more and 1.5 mg/mL or less.
- [17] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [16], [11-1], [11-2], [12-1], [12-2], [12-3] and [12-4], wherein the pH of the composition is 5 or higher and 8 or lower.
- [18] The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of [1] to [17], [11-1], [11-2], [12-1], [12-2], [12-3] and [12-4], wherein the adsorption rate of the radionuclide in the composition to a container is 10% or less.
- Production Example 1 Preparation of anti-MUC5AC humanized antibody
- An anti-MUC5AC humanized antibody (antibody 1: H01L03) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1 described in WO 2021/075544.
- H01 is the heavy chain variable region shown in SEQ ID NO: 1
- L03 is the light chain variable region shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the antibody used in the following examples consists of heavy chain constant region 1 (SEQ ID NO: 23) and light chain constant region 1 (SEQ ID NO: 24), and a combination of the heavy chain variable region and light chain variable region of antibody 1 described above.
- Production Example 2 Site-specific antibody modification with a peptide linker (1) Antibody modification step In step (1) of Production Example 2 described in WO 2021/075544, a solution containing a peptide-modified antibody was obtained in the same manner as described above, except that the reaction time between the peptide and the anti-MUC5AC humanized antibody prepared in Production Example 1 was changed to 60 minutes.
- the buffer solution of each of the collected fractions was replaced with 50 mmol/L histidine buffer (pH 6.1) containing 0.1 mol/L arginine using an ultrafiltration filter (Merck, model number: UFC903096).
- the conditions for the hydrophobic column chromatography are as follows: Column: BioPro HIC HT (4.6 mm x 10 cm, 2.3 ⁇ m) Detector: ultraviolet spectrophotometer (measurement wavelength: 280 nm) Mobile phase A: 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 1.5 mol/L ammonium sulfate Mobile phase B: 50 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) Mobile phase C: water Mobile phase delivery: The mixing ratio of mobile phase A, mobile phase B and mobile phase C is changed as follows to control the concentration gradient.
- Example 1 Preparation of 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody preparation (1) Complex formation process The structure of the chelating moiety (DOTA-GA-DBCO) used in this example is shown in the following formula (L1-5). A 89Y target was irradiated with protons and dissolved in a 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to prepare a 89Zr ion-containing solution (radioactivity concentration 11286 MBq/mL, liquid volume 0.140 mL), and the solvent was distilled off under heating conditions.
- DOTA-GA-DBCO chelating moiety
- the chelating moiety was dispersed in 195 mmol/L acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) to obtain a dispersion containing 1.0 mmol/L of the chelating moiety (chelating moiety dispersion).
- thin layer chromatography (Agilent, model number: SGI0001, developing solvent was a mixture of acetonitrile:0.1 mmol/L EDTA solution (volume ratio 1:1)) was measured with a radio ⁇ -TLC analyzer (Raytest, MODELGITA Star PS), and the percentage of the radioactivity (counts) of the peak detected near the origin relative to the total radioactivity (counts) detected was defined as the radiochemical purity (%). In addition, the percentage of the radioactivity recovered after solvent replacement relative to the total radioactivity added at the start of the labeling process was defined as the radiochemical yield (%).
- the polysorbate 80 concentration in the formulation was 0.07 w/v%, and 4 mL of the formulation was filled into colorless glass vials (capacity 6 mL) with rubber stoppers.
- the radioactivity concentration in each vial immediately after production was 63.8 to 68.1 MBq/mL.
- the formulations with a target value of 0.5 mg/mL had actual measured values of 0.43 to 0.45 mg/mL, and the formulations with a target value of 1.0 mg/mL had actual measured values of 0.66 to 0.68 mg/mL.
- the concentration of anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the solution was measured using a variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (SoloVPE, IN-VPE-Solo5, manufactured by C Technologies) with the measurement conditions set at a measurement wavelength of 280 nm and a molar extinction coefficient of 1.46.
- SoloVPE variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
- Example 2 Preparation of 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody preparation After carrying out steps (1) and (2) of Example 1, the following steps were carried out.
- the radioactive concentration used in step (1) was 7512 MBq.
- step (3) Purification step The solution containing the 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody obtained in step (2) was cooled to about room temperature, and then 4.0 mL of 20 mmol/L histidine buffer (pH 5.5) was added and passed through a column (HiTrap SP FF 5 mL) packed with a cation exchange resin to retain the 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the column. Then, 21 mL of 20 mmol/L histidine buffer (pH 5.5) was passed through the column to wash it.
- the radiochemical purity and radiochemical yield of the 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- (4) Formulation Step The purified fraction obtained in the above step (3) was filtered through a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and an appropriate amount of the purified fraction obtained in the above step (3) was added to a colorless glass vial (volume: 6 mL) equipped with a rubber stopper to prepare a formulation shown in the following formulation.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the preparation was 1.15 mg/mL immediately after production.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the solution was measured using a variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (SoloVPE, IN-VPE-Solo5, manufactured by C Technologies) with the measurement conditions set to a measurement wavelength of 280 nm and a molar extinction coefficient of 1.51.
- SoloVPE variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
- 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody (after completion of production) 471MBq Polysorbate 80 2.8 mg L-arginine hydrochloride 84.3mg L-histidine 31.0 mg Water for injection Appropriate amount Hydrochloric acid (appropriate amount) Total 4.2mL
- Example 3 Preparation of 225 Ac-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody (1) Chelate modification step
- the same chelating moiety as the chelating moiety shown in the above formula (L1-5) was used. This chelating moiety was dispersed in 0.1 mol/L acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) as a solvent to obtain a dispersion containing 0.3 mmol/L of the chelating moiety.
- 225 Ac ion-containing solution (0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, radioactivity concentration 5.1 MBq/mL, liquid volume 0.333 mL) obtained by purifying by the method described in WO 2022/014555 was 1.7 MBq (calculated value calculated by attenuation from the radioactivity at the time of assay), 0.360 mL of this dispersion, and 0.540 mL of 0.1 mol/L acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) were mixed in a reaction solution under heating conditions to obtain a 225 Ac complex solution.
- the molar ratio of the chelating moiety to the radioactive metal ion (chelating moiety: 225 Ac ion) was about 46,330:1, the reaction solution was heated to 70° C., and the heating time was 15 minutes.
- step (3) The solution containing the 225 Ac-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody obtained in step (2) is sent to a column packed with a cation exchange resin (Cytiva, HiTrap SP FF 5 mL). After sending 10 mL of 20 mmol/L histidine buffer (pH 5.5) to the column, 18 mL of 100 mmol/L arginine-containing 50 mmol/L histidine buffer (pH 6.1) was sent, and the purified fraction was collected in a vial to which 2 mL of 0.7 w/v% polysorbate 80-containing 240 mmol/L arginine-containing 50 mmol/L histidine buffer (pH 6.1) had been added in advance.
- a cation exchange resin Cytiva, HiTrap SP FF 5 mL
- the radiochemical purity of the obtained 225 Ac-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody was 99%, and the radiochemical yield was about 40%.
- the radiochemical purity and radiochemical yield of the 225 Ac-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody were measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Formulation step A suitable amount of the purified fraction obtained in the above step (3) was added to a colorless glass vial (volume 6 mL) equipped with a rubber stopper to prepare a formulation.
- the liquid pharmaceutical composition of the present invention containing the 225 Ac-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody as an active ingredient had the following formulation.
- the concentration of anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the formulation was 0.87 mg/mL immediately after production.
- the concentration of anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the solution was measured by size exclusion chromatography. The measurement conditions for size exclusion chromatography are as follows.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the formulation was 1.0 mg/mL immediately after production.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the solution was measured using a variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (SoloVPE, IN-VPE-Solo5, manufactured by C Technologies) with the measurement conditions set at a measurement wavelength of 280 nm and a molar extinction coefficient of 1.46.
- Example 4 Preparation of 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody preparation Steps (1) and (2) of Example 1 were carried out using a radioactive concentration of 3880 MBq, and then steps (3) and (4) of Example 2 were carried out to prepare a 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody preparation.
- the concentration of the anti-MUC5AC specific antibody in the preparation obtained in step (4) was 0.96 mg/mL immediately after production, and was measured using a variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (SoloVPE, IN-VPE-Solo5, manufactured by C Technologies) with the measurement wavelength set to 280 nm and the molar extinction coefficient set to 1.46 as the measurement conditions.
- the rest of the formulation is as follows: 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody (after production) 122MBq Polysorbate 80 1.4 mg L-arginine hydrochloride 42.2mg L-histidine 15.5mg Water for injection Appropriate amount Hydrochloric acid (appropriate amount) Total 2.0mL
- Test Example 1 Evaluation of stability using anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody and unlabeled complex of the present invention Since it is not easy to evaluate the transport stability using a radioactive nuclide-labeled antibody from the viewpoint of complying with the regulations for the transportation of radioisotopes, etc., in vehicles, the transport stability (appearance, flow imaging, particle size measurement) of the unlabeled complex formulation obtained in Production Example 3 was evaluated as a preliminary test. In addition, the transport stability was similarly evaluated using an unmodified (intact) anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody formulated using the anti-MUC5AC-specific antibody obtained in Production Example 1 in place of the unlabeled complex. Each formulation is shown in Table 2.
- PS80 is an abbreviation for polysorbate 80 (manufactured by NOF CORPORATION).
- Formulation 1-1 is a formulation of an unlabeled complex preparation of Production Example 3, and formulations 1-2, 1-3, and 1-4 are formulations of intact anti-MUC5AC specific antibodies (unmodified antibodies of Production Example 1).
- the concentration of the unmodified antibody in the solution was measured using a variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (SoloVPE, IN-VPE-Solo5, manufactured by C Technologies) with the measurement conditions set to a measurement wavelength of 280 nm and a molar extinction coefficient of 1.45.
- SoloVPE variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
- Test Example 2 Effect of adding a surfactant to a solution containing a 89Zr-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody Test samples were prepared based on the formulations shown in Table 6. Formulations 2-3, 2-5 to 2-7 are the 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC humanized antibody formulated in Example 1, and formulations 2-1, 2-2, and 2-4 differ from the 89Zr - labeled anti-MUC5AC humanized antibody formulation produced in Example 1 in that they do not contain polysorbate 80.
- the storage condition was set at 25 ⁇ 2°C, and the degree of radioactivity adsorption to the storage container (container adsorption rate) was examined at three points: immediately after production (0-1 day after production), at the midpoint (3-4 days after production), and at the final point (6-7 days after production).
- the entire amount of sample solution was extracted from the storage container using a micropipette.
- the liquid adhering to the rubber stopper was also removed using a micropipette.
- the radioactivity remaining in the storage container was measured using a radioisotope dose calibrator (model: CRC-15R, manufacturer: CAPINTEC).
- the unit of [C] is hours.
- Example 2 The results for Formulations 2-1 to 2-4 are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 in which the surfactant polysorbate 80 was added (formulation 2-3), the adsorption of radioactivity to the container was significantly reduced.
- the container adsorption rates of formulations 2-5 to 2-7 were in the range of 1.7 to 2.1% throughout the storage period (Table 7).
- Test Example 3 Container Adsorption Rate of 89Zr-Labeled Anti-MUC5AC Specific Antibody Preparation
- the degree of radioactivity adsorption to the storage container (container adsorption rate) of the 89Zr -labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody preparation obtained in Example 2 was investigated.
- the measurement times were the start point (0-2 days after production), the midpoint (5-6 days after production), and the end point (8-9 days after production), and the storage conditions were 5 ⁇ 3°C, 25 ⁇ 2°C, and 40 ⁇ 2°C, and the container adsorption rate was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 2.
- the container adsorption rate was in the range of 0.51 to 0.98% throughout the storage period (Table 8).
- Test Example 4 Container Adsorption Rate of 225 Ac-Labeled Anti-MUC5AC Specific Antibody Preparation
- the degree of radioactivity adsorption to the storage container of the solution prepared in Example 3 was examined. The measurement was performed 4 days after production, the storage condition was 5 ⁇ 3°C, and the entire amount of the sample solution was extracted from the storage container using a micropipettor. The liquid attached to the rubber stopper was also removed using a micropipettor. The radioactivity remaining in the storage container was measured using a gamma ray spectrometer (model: GMX10P4-70, manufacturer: ORTEC).
- the unit of [C] is days.
- the container adsorption rate was 5.97%.
- Test Example 5 Evaluation of stability of 89 Zr-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody preparation
- the transport stability (appearance, particle size measurement) of the 89 Zr-labeled anti-MUC5AC specific antibody preparation obtained in Example 4 was evaluated.
- the concentration of the unmodified antibody in the solution was measured using a variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (SoloVPE, IN-VPE-Solo5, manufactured by C Technologies) with the measurement conditions set to a measurement wavelength of 280 nm and a molar extinction coefficient of 1.46.
- SoloVPE variable path length ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
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Abstract
Description
特許文献7は、放射性核種標識抗体の製剤化に関するものではないが、アルギニンが、長期間の保存の間のインターロイキン-2(IL-2)の凝集および脱アミド化を減少させるために、液体IL-2薬学的処方物における初期安定化剤として役立ち得ることを開示する。また、特許文献7では、処方物中にポリソルベート80を含有することは、タンパク質凝集に対するその効果に基づき単独では望ましくないとして認識されるが、このタンパク質を含有する液体処方物の加工の間に有利であり、凍結融解および機械剪断に関連する激しいタンパク質損傷に対して安定化する効果を有することが開示されている。
非特許文献4及び特許文献6に記載された放射性核種標識抗体の製剤化においては、こうした保存容器に対する放射能吸着の課題は認識されていない。
なお、この態様における当該組成物中の抗体の濃度とは、放射性核種と複合化された抗体と、放射性核種で複合化されていない抗体との総濃度である。
本発明は、放射性核種と抗体との複合体(以下、本発明の複合体とも称する)を有効成分として含有する液状の医薬組成物(以下、本発明の液状医薬組成物とも称する)を提供する。
ここで、本発明の液状医薬組成物及び本発明の複合体に含まれる抗体は、ムチンサブタイプ5AC(MUC5AC)に特異的に結合する抗体(以下、本発明の抗MUC5AC特異抗体とも称する)である。尚、本明細書では、該抗体が放射標識された場合は、「放射性」と区別して標記する。
本発明の液状医薬組成物は、有効成分としての本発明の複合体に加え、L-アルギニンおよびL-ヒスチジンを含み、さらに界面活性剤を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の放射性核種と抗体との複合体では、抗体と放射性核種とが直接連結していてもよい。また、本発明の抗体と放射性核種との複合体では、抗体と放射性核種とがリンカーを介して連結していてもよい。この場合、放射性核種を放射性金属核種とし、この放射性金属核種が、キレート剤とキレート(錯体)を形成していてもよく、抗体とキレート剤とが、リンカーを介して、またはリンカーを介さずに連結していてもよい。ここで、連結は、好ましくは、共有結合による連結であり得る。
本発明の複合体に含まれる放射性核種は、α粒子、ポジトロン、β線又はγ線を放出する放射性核種である。α粒子を放出する放射性核種として、Bi-212、Bi-213、At-211、Ac-225、Th-227が例示される。また、ポジトロンを放出する放射性核種として、F-18、Cu-64、Ga-68、Y-86、Zr-89が例示される。また、β線を放出する放射性核種として、Cu-64、Y-90、I-131又は、Lu-177が例示される。また、γ線を放出する放射性核種として、I-123、Tc-99m又はIn-111が例示される。本発明の複合体に含まれる放射性複合体、ひいては本発明の液状医薬組成物に含まれる放射性核種は、Zr-89、Y-90、Lu-177又はAc-225であることが、より好ましい。
これらの放射性核種は、所定の核反応により製造することもできるし、Eckert & Ziegler社、Thermo Fisher Scientific社、Institute of Isotopes社、POLATOM、Oak Ridge National Laboratory、Rosatom等から市販されている製品を入手することもできる。このようにして製造又は入手した放射性核種をキレート化等の化学処理を加えて抗体との結合に適した化学形とすることで、抗体との複合体形成に使用することができる。
本発明の複合体に含まれる抗MUC5AC特異抗体は、ムチンサブタイプ5ACに特異的に結合する免疫グロブリンである。本発明で用いられる抗MUC5AC特異抗体は、ポリクローナル抗体であってもよいし、モノクローナル抗体であってもよいが、モノクローナル抗体が好ましい。抗体の由来は、特に限定されないが、例えば、非ヒト動物の抗体、非ヒト哺乳動物の抗体、およびヒト抗体が挙げられ、好ましくは、ヒト、ラット、マウス及びウサギの抗体を例示できる。抗体がヒト以外の種に由来する場合は、周知の技術を用いて、キメラ化又はヒト化することが好ましいが、本発明に用いられる抗体は、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、またはヒト抗体であってもよい。本発明で用いられる抗体は、例えば、IgGであり、例えば、IgG1、IgG2(例えば、IgG2aおよびIgG2b)、IgG3、またはIgG4であり得る。
好ましくは、該抗体は、MUC5ACに特異的に結合する能力を有するヒト化抗体であり、安定な物性を有し且つ腫瘍集積性に優れている。該抗体はその抗原結合断片として用いられてもよく、かかる態様も本願発明に包含される。具体的には後述する特定の重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域とを含み、所望により適切な重鎖定常領域と軽鎖定常領域を有する。本明細書において「抗原結合断片」とは本発明で用いられるヒト化抗体の一部からなる抗体断片であって、且つMUC5ACとの結合能を有するものを意味する。MUC5ACとの結合能を有する限り、抗原結合断片を構成するポリペプチドに含まれるアミノ酸の数は特に限定されるものではない。
本発明においてキレート剤は、放射性核種が配位する部位を構造中に有するものであれば特に限定されないが、好ましくは、放射性核種が配位する部位であるキレート部と抗体との複合化を可能とするための置換基とを有する。キレート部として、例えば、CB-TE2A(1,4,8,11-Tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid)、CDTA(Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid)、CDTPA(4-cyano-4-[[(dodecylthio)thioxomethyl]thio]-Pentanoic acid)、DOTA(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTMA((1R,4R,7R,10R)-α,α’,α”,α’”-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTAM(1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane)、DOTA-GA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)、DOTA-GA-NHS、DOTP(((1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonic acid)、DOTPA(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrapropionic acid), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane(Lpy)、p-SCN-Bn-DOTA(S-2-(4-Isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid)、MeO-DOTA-NCS(1-[(2-methoxy-5-isothiocyanatophenyl)-carboxymethyl]-4,7,10-triscarboxy 5 methyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane)、EuK-106、DOTMP(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid))、DOTA-4AMP(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid)、D02P(Tetraazacyclododecane dimethanephosphonic acid)、Deferoxamine (DFO)、DTPA(Glycine, N,N-bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]-)、DTPA-BMA(5,8-Bis(carboxymethyl)-11-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-oxo-2,5,8,11-tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid)、EDTA(2,2’,2”,2’”-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid)、NOTA(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid)、NOTP(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyltris(methylenephosphonic acid)、TETPA(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetrapropionic acid)、TETA(1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N’,N”,N’”-tetraacetic acid)、TTHA(3,6,9,12-Tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecanedioic acid)、HEHA(1,2,7,10,13-hexaazacyclooctadecane-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaacetic acid)、1,2-HOPO(N,N’,N”,N’”-tetra(1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-oxopyridine-6-carbonyl)-1,5,10,14-tetraazatetradecane)、PEPA(1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane-N,N’,N”,N’”,N””-penta-acetic acid)、H4octapa(N,N’-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine-N,N’-diacetic acid)、H2bispa2(6,6’-({9-hydroxy-1,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-2,4-di(pyridine-2-yl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl}bis(-methylene))dipicolinic acid)、H2dedpa(1,2-[{6-(carboxy)-pyridin-2-yl}-methylamino]ethane)、H2macropa(6-(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecan-N,N’-methyl)picolinic acid)、H5decapa(N,N”-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-diethylenetriamine-N,N’,N”-triacetic acid)、H6phospa(N,N’-(methylenephosphonate)-N,N’-[6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl]-methyl-1,2-diaminoethane)、HP-D03A(Hydroxypropyltetraazacyclododecanetriacetic acid)、porphyrin、DO3A(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid trisodium salt)、DO3A-NHS(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid mono-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester)といったものが挙げられるが、下記式(A)で表される化合物に由来する構造を有することが好ましい。
好ましくは、キレート剤は、リンカーを介して、抗体を部位特異的に、より好ましくはFc領域に修飾している。この場合、リンカーは、下記式(i)で表される、13以上17以下のアミノ酸残基からなるペプチド(以下、「抗体修飾ペプチド」ともいう。)を含み、かつ架橋剤で修飾された抗体修飾ペプチドと抗体との架橋反応によって形成されているものを用いることができる。なお、式(i)において、アミノ酸配列の紙面左側がN末端側を示し、アミノ酸配列の紙面右側がC末端側を示すものとして説明する。キレート剤がリンカーとして抗体修飾ペプチドを介して抗体と接続される場合、キレート剤と抗体修飾ペプチドが連結する位置は特に限定しないが、例えば抗体修飾ペプチドのN末端又はC末端、好ましくはN末端に直接又は間接的に連結することができる。また、抗体修飾ペプチドのC末端はその安定性の向上等のためにアミド化等の修飾を受けていてもよい。
式(i)中、Xa、Xb、Xc及びXdは、それぞれ、連続するa個のX、連続するb個のX、連続するc個のX、及び連続するd個のXを表し、
Xは、側鎖にチオール基及びハロアセチル基のいずれも有しないアミノ酸残基であり、
a、b、c及びdはそれぞれ独立に1以上5以下の整数で、かつa+b+c+d≦14を満たし
Xaa1及びXaa3は、それぞれ独立に、
側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、又は、
一方が、側鎖にチオール基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、他方が、側鎖にハロアセチル基を有するアミノ酸に由来するアミノ酸残基を表し、Xaa1とXaa3とが連結しており、
Xaa2は、リシン残基、アルギニン残基、システイン残基、アスパラギン酸残基、グルタミン酸残基、2-アミノスベリン酸、又はジアミノプロピオン酸であり、架橋剤で修飾されている。
(2)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH (配列番号10)
(3)RCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCS (配列番号11)
(4)GPRCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCSFH (配列番号12)
(5)SPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH (配列番号13)
(6)GDDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH (配列番号14)
(7)GPSCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFH (配列番号15)
(8)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCSFH (配列番号16)
(9)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTHH (配列番号17)
(10)GPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY (配列番号18)
(11)SPDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY (配列番号19)
(12)SDDCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCTFY (配列番号20)
(13)RGNCAYH(Xaa2)GQLVWCTYH (配列番号21)
(14)G(Xaa1)DCAYH(Xaa2)GELVWCT(Xaa3)H (配列番号22)
本発明の複合体の製造方法について説明する。
本発明の抗MUC5AC特異抗体は、緩衝液中で維持することができる。
本発明の複合体は、例えば、抗MUC5AC特異抗体のチロシン残基に放射性核種として放射性ヨウ素(123I、131I)を導入して調製する方法があり得る。また、本発明の抗MUC5AC特異抗体に放射性ハロゲン核種が安定に結合する置換基を導入し、放射性ハロゲンイオンと反応させ調製する方法があり得る。
本発明の複合体が、放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と抗体との複合体である場合、本発明の複合体の製造方法は、キレート剤と抗体とをコンジュゲーションするコンジュゲーション工程と、放射性核種とキレート剤との錯体を形成する錯体形成工程(放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤の製造工程)との2つの工程から製造することができる。コンジュゲーション工程は、錯体形成工程の前であってもよいし錯体形成工程の後であってもよい。
(a)アミンカップリング法(N-ヒドロキシスクシミジル(NHS)基で活性化されたカルボキシル基をもつキレート剤またはキレートを用いて抗体のリシン残基のアミノ基を修飾する方法)
(b)抗体のヒンジ部位にあるポリペプチド鎖間のジスルフィド結合(SS結合)を部分的に還元することによって生じるスルフヒドリル(SH)基に対して、SH基に反応性を有するマレイミド基を持つキレート剤またはリンカーで修飾する方法
(c)遺伝子工学によるアミノ酸変異によって、抗体に新たに導入されたシステインに対してマレイミド基をもつキレート剤またはリンカーを修飾する方法
(d)遺伝子工学によるアミノ酸変異によって、抗体に新たに導入されたアジド化リシンのアジド基に、クリック反応を利用して、アルキン(例えばDibenzylcyclooctyne: DBCO)をもつキレート剤またはリンカーを修飾する方法
(e)トランスグルタミナーゼを利用して、抗体の特定の位置に導入されたグルタミンに、リシンの側鎖を有するキレート剤またはリンカーを修飾する方法
(f)前述した(i)で示す抗体修飾ペプチドを有するキレート剤またはリンカーを、抗体のFc領域を部位特異的に修飾する方法
錯体形成後、ろ過フィルター、メンブランフィルター、種々の充填剤を充填したカラム、クロマトグラフィー等を用いて、得られた錯体を精製してもよい。
より好ましい態様において、錯体形成工程(A)では、放射性核種とクリック反応可能な第1の原子団を抗体と複合化を可能とするための置換基として有するキレート剤との間で錯体を形成する。次いで、コンジュゲーション工程(B)では、前述した(i)で示す抗体修飾ペプチドと、クリック反応可能な第2の原子団とを有する抗体修飾リンカーを用いて、Fc領域を部位特異的に修飾されたペプチド修飾抗体と、工程(A)で得られた錯体形成されたキレート剤との間でクリック反応を実行し、本発明のキレート複合体を得る。
以下工程(A)及び(B)について、詳述する。
A-B-C ・・・(ii)
式(ii)中、Aは、以下の式(iia)で表されるキレート部である。
式(ii)中、Bは以下の式(iib)で表される。
式(ii)中、Cは、以下の式(iic)で表されるアルキン誘導体又は式(iid)で表されるテトラジン誘導体のいずれかである。
*-((L1)m-Z)k-L2-AG2 ・・・(S1)
(式中、*は、ペプチドのN末端又はC末端との結合部位を示し、
L1は、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)リンカー部であり、
mは、1以上50以下の整数であり、
Zは、(L1)mとL2とを結合する第2リンカー部であり、
kは、0又は1であり、
L2は、第2のPEGリンカー部であり、
AG2は第2原子団である。)
未修飾抗体と、一価抗体と、二価抗体とを分離精製する場合は、上記のいずれの精製方法で分離精製してもよいが、種々の充填剤を充填したカラムを用いることが好ましく、抗体等のタンパク質の分離精製に適した充填剤を充填したカラムを用いることがより好ましい。
ペプチド修飾抗体は、抗体修飾ペプチドを備えるリンカー(抗体修飾リンカー)によって抗体のFc領域を部位特異的に修飾して修飾抗体を得る抗体修飾工程と、上述のイムノグロブリン結合性タンパク質が固定化された担体を用いて修飾抗体を精製する抗体精製工程とを経て、工程(B)におけるクリック反応に供される。また、抗体精製工程は、担体に保持される修飾抗体を担体に保持させる保持工程と、担体に保持されない修飾抗体を洗浄する洗浄工程、保持工程で担体に保持された修飾抗体を溶出する溶出工程とを更に含む。
より具体的には、抗体修飾工程において、抗体修飾リンカーが修飾されない未修飾抗体と、一価抗体と、二価抗体と、を含む混合物として修飾抗体を取得し、抗体精製工程において、未修飾抗体、一価抗体および二価抗体のイムノグロブリン結合性タンパク質に対するそれぞれの相互作用の違いを利用して、未修飾抗体および一価抗体を相対的に多く含む第一の抗体組成物と、二価抗体を相対的に多く含む第二の抗体組成物とをそれぞれ溶出する。すなわち、抗体精製工程のうち、保持工程および洗浄工程では、イムノグロブリン結合性タンパク質との相互作用の程度が低いペプチド修飾抗体(二価抗体)を相対的に多く含む第二の抗体組成物が溶出され、抗体精製工程のうち溶出工程では、イムノグロブリン結合性タンパク質との相互作用の程度が高いペプチド修飾抗体(未修飾抗体及び一価抗体)を相対的に多く含む第一の抗体組成物が溶出される。ここで、「未修飾抗体及び一価抗体を相対的に多く含む」とは、第一の抗体組成物に含まれる未修飾抗体及び一価抗体の合計量が、該抗体組成物に含まれる二価抗体よりも多いことを意味し、好ましくは該抗体組成物に含まれる未修飾抗体及び修飾抗体の全量(100%)に対して、未修飾抗体及び一価抗体の合計量が55%以上、63%以上、70%以上、80%以上、又は90%以上であることを意味し、「二価抗体を相対的に多く含む」とは、第二の抗体組成物に含まれる二価抗体の量が該抗体組成物に含まれる一価抗体より多いことを意味し、好ましくは該抗体組成物に含まれる未修飾抗体及び修飾抗体の全量(100%)に対して、二価抗体の量が55%以上、63%以上、70%以上、80%以上、又は90%以上であることを意味する。
洗浄溶媒としては、ペプチド修飾抗体が溶解し、溶媒中で凝集又は変性しにくく、適切なpH緩衝能を持つ緩衝液であれば特に限定されず、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液、酢酸アンモニウム緩衝液、リン酸緩衝液、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、2-アミノ-2-(ヒドロキシメチル)プロパン-1,3-ジオール(Tris)緩衝液、2-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]-エタンスルホン酸(HEPES)緩衝液等の緩衝液等を用いることができ、上述したいずれかの緩衝液を用いることが好ましく、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液を用いることがより好ましい。洗浄溶媒に用いる緩衝剤の濃度は、下限として、20mmol/L以上、好ましくは30mmol/L以上、上限としては200mmol/L以下、好ましくは70mmol/L以下である。また、洗浄溶媒のpHは、下限として4.0以上、好ましくは4.5以上、より好ましくは4.8以上、上限として7.4以下、好ましくは6.0以下、より好ましくは5.2以下である。さらに、二価抗体や抗体修飾ペプチドのカラム担体への非特異的結合の低減の観点から、溶出溶媒は塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム等の添加剤を含有してもよい。溶出溶媒が含有する添加剤の濃度は特に限定されないが、例えば0.15mol/Lを用いることができる。
溶出溶媒としては、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液、酢酸アンモニウム緩衝液、クエン酸緩衝液等の緩衝液等を用いることができる。また、抗体修飾リンカー、未修飾抗体及び修飾抗体のカラム担体への非特異的結合の低減の観点から、溶出溶媒は塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム等の添加剤を含有してもよい。溶出溶媒が含有する添加剤の濃度は特に限定されないが、例えば0.15mol/Lを用いることができる。
溶出溶媒が緩衝剤を含む場合は、緩衝剤の濃度は、下限として、20mmol/L以上、好ましくは30mmol/L以上、上限としては200mmol/L以下、好ましくは70mmol/L以下である。また、溶出溶媒のpHは、未修飾抗体および一価抗体と、イムノグロブリン結合性タンパク質との相互作用を弱めるため、また、抗体の変性および凝集を防ぐ観点から、下限としてpH3.0以上、上限としてpH4.2以下が好ましい。
本発明の液状医薬組成物は、本発明の複合体、即ち放射性核種と抗MUC5AC特異抗体との複合体を含み、対象の生体内への投与に適した形態となっている液状の医薬組成物を指す。ここで、「液状」とは、通常の条件(例えば、大気中、室温/常温)で液体状又は流体状であることをいい、若干の粘性を有する状態も含まれる。具体的には、溶液、懸濁液、分散液、乳状液等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。液状医薬組成物は、例えば上述の方法で製造された本発明の複合体を、水を主体とし、且つ生体と略等張の溶媒に溶解させて製造することができる。この場合、必要に応じて、薬学的に許容される他の成分を含んでいてもよい。
なお、本発明の液状医薬組成物中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、製造直後または25±2℃で保存した状態において、光路長可変型紫外可視分光光度計を用いて、測定波長280nmを測定条件に設定して、タンパク質濃度として測定したものである。
本発明の一態様として、界面活性剤は、本発明の液状医薬組成物中、0.001体積%以上2.0体積%以下、好ましくは0.01体積%以上1.0体積%以下、より好ましくは0.03体積%以上0.5体積%以下、さらに好ましくは0.05体積%以上0.3体積%以下、いっそう好ましくは0.05体積%以上0.1体積%以下の濃度で存在することができる。
ここで投与対象としてはヒト、またはマウス、ラット、サル、モルモット、チンパンジー、ヒツジ、ヤギ、イヌ、ネコ、ブタ、ウシもしくはウマなどの動物であるが、特に限定されるものではない。好ましくはヒトである。
好ましい対象疾患としてがんが挙げられる。本発明で治療、診断されるがんは、膵がん、甲状腺がん、肝臓がん、大腸がん、胃がん、食道がん、肺がん、尿路上皮がん、乳がん、子宮頸がん、子宮体がん、卵巣がん、胆管がん、胆道がん、または子宮内膜がんを挙げることができ、特に膵がんへの適用が好ましい。
また、当該医薬組成物の投与量、用量は、マウスの投与量をヒトに体表面積換算したヒト等価用量(HED;Human Equivalent dose)を用いることができる。HEDは、下記式によって求められる。
HED=animal dose in MBq/kg × (animal weight in kg/human weight in kg)0.33
また、放射性核種がヨウ素-131である場合は、非放射性ヨウ素製剤(安定ヨウ素剤)を事前投与することにより、ヨウ素が生理的に集積する甲状腺への毒性を低減させることができる。安定ヨウ素剤としては、ヨウ化カリウム、ヨウ素酸カリウムなどを用いることができる。
本発明の液状医薬組成物を保存容器(好ましくはガラス容器)に収容したときに放射能が保存容器に吸着する割合(容器吸着率)は、使用する放射性核種の種類にもよるが、好ましくは10%以下、より好ましくは8%以下、さらに好ましくは6%以下である。
[1]放射性核種と抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有する液状の医薬組成物であって、
前記抗体が、ムチンサブタイプ5ACに特異的に結合する抗体であり、
前記組成物中の前記抗体の濃度が、0.1mg/mL以上5mg/mL以下であり、
安定剤と、緩衝剤と、界面活性剤と、
を含む、医薬組成物。
[2]前記放射性核種が、α粒子、ポジトロン、β線またはγ線を放出する放射性核種である、[1]に記載の医薬組成物。
[3]前記安定剤がL-アルギニンである、[1]または[2]に記載の医薬組成物。
[4]前記緩衝剤がL-ヒスチジンである、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[5]前記組成物中の前記安定剤がL-アルギニンであり、前記緩衝剤がL-ヒスチジンであって、
前記L-アルギニンの濃度が、10mmоl/L以上150mmоl/L以下であり、
前記L-ヒスチジンの濃度が、1mmоl/L以上100mmоl/L以下である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[6]前記界面活性剤が、ポリソルベート20、ポリソルベート60、ポリソルベート65及びポリソルベート80からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[7]前記組成物中の、
前記界面活性剤の濃度が、0.01体積%以上2.0体積%以下である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[8]前記組成物中の、
前記界面活性剤の濃度が、0.01体積%以上0.5体積%以下である、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[9]前記放射性核種が89Zrである、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[10]前記放射性核種が225Acである、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[11]前記抗体がヒト化抗体である、[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[11-1]前記ヒト化抗体が、
(1)配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列(H01)、
(2)配列番号2で示されるアミノ酸配列(H02)、
(3)配列番号3で示されるアミノ酸配列(H03)、又は
(4)配列番号4で示されるアミノ酸配列(H04)
からなる重鎖可変領域と、
(5)配列番号5で示されるアミノ酸配列(L01)、
(6)配列番号6で示されるアミノ酸配列(L02)、
(7)配列番号7で示されるアミノ酸配列(L03)、又は
(8)配列番号8で示されるアミノ酸配列(L04)
からなる軽鎖可変領域と、
を有するヒト化抗体である、[11]に記載の医薬組成物。
[11-2]前記ヒト化抗体が、
(1)配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列(H01)からなる重鎖可変領域と、
(7)配列番号7で示されるアミノ酸配列(L03)からなる軽鎖可変領域と、
を有するヒト化抗体である、[11]に記載の複合体。
[12]前記複合体が、前記放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と抗体との複合体である、[1]~[11]、[11-1]および[11-2]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[12-1]前記キレート剤が、リンカーを介して、前記抗体のFc領域を部位特異的に修飾している、[12]に記載の医薬組成物。
[12-2]前記リンカーが、上記式(i)で表される、13以上17以下のアミノ酸残基からなるペプチドを含み、架橋剤で修飾された前記ペプチドと前記抗体の架橋反応によって形成されている、[12]および[12-1]に記載の医薬組成物。
[12-3]前記キレート剤が、上記式(A)で表される化合物又はその塩に由来する構造を有する、[12]、[12-1]および[12-2]に記載の医薬組成物。
[12-4]前記リンカーが、
前記キレート剤に接続するキレートリンカー、
該キレートリンカーに接続する第1原子団、
前記第1原子団とクリック反応しうる第2原子団、及び
前記第2原子団に接続し、かつ前記ペプチドを含む抗体修飾リンカー、
を有し、
前記リンカーが、前記第1原子団及び前記第2原子団に由来する化学構造として上記式(10a)、(10b)又は(10c)の化学構造のいずれか1つを含む、[12]、[12-1]、[12-2]および[12-3]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[13]前記キレート剤1分子が、前記抗体1分子に対して部位特異的に複合化している、[12]、[12-1]、[12-2]、[12-3]および[12-4]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[14]前記組成物中の前記抗体の濃度が、前記キレート剤と複合化している抗体と、前記キレート剤と複合化していない抗体との総濃度である、[12]、[13]、[12-1]、[12-2]、[12-3]および[12-4]のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[15]前記組成物中の前記抗体濃度が、0.4mg/mL以上2.0mg/mL以下である、[14]に記載の医薬組成物。
[16]前記組成物中の前記抗体濃度が、0.5mg/mL以上1.5mg/mL以下である、請求項[14]または[15]に記載の医薬組成物。
[17]前記組成物中のpHが5以上8以下である、[1]~[16]、[11-1]、[11-2]、[12-1]、[12-2]、[12-3]および[12-4]のいずれかのいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
[18]前記組成物中の前記放射性核種の容器への吸着率が10%以下である、[1]~[17]、[11-1]、[11-2]、[12-1]、[12-2]、[12-3]および[12-4]のいずれかのいずれかに記載の医薬組成物。
国際公開第2021/075544号に記載の製造例1と同様にして、抗MUC5ACヒト化抗体(抗体1:H01L03)を得た。
ここでH01は、配列番号1に示す重鎖可変領域であり、L03は、配列番号7に示す軽鎖可変領域である。以下の実施例で使用された抗体は、重鎖定常領域1(配列番号23)と軽鎖定常領域1(配列番号24)、及び上記の抗体1の重鎖可変領域と軽鎖可変領域との組み合わせからなる。
(1)抗体修飾工程
国際公開第2021/075544号に記載の製造例2の工程(1)において、ペプチドと製造例1で作製した抗MUC5ACヒト化抗体との反応時間を60分にした以外は同様にして、ペプチド修飾抗体を含む溶液を得た。
このペプチド修飾抗体を、20mmol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH6.0)で希釈して,ProteinAカラム(GEヘルスケア社製,HiTrap MabSelect SuRe)に添加し、0.15mol/L塩化ナトリウム含有0.05mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.7)を流し、ペプチド2分子が修飾されたペプチド修飾抗体を回収した。その後,0.15mol/L塩化ナトリウム含有0.05mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH4.2)を流し、予め1mol/L酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH6.0)を添加した容器にペプチド1分子が修飾されたペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を回収した(一価抗体回収量38.6mg,疎水カラムクロマトグラフィーで測定した未修飾抗体:一価抗体:二価抗体比=33.4:66.6:0.0)。回収した各画分は、限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC903096)を用いて、0.1mol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)に緩衝液置換した。
なお、疎水カラムクロマトグラフィーの条件は、以下の通りである。
カラム:BioPro HIC HT(4.6mm×10cm,2.3μm)
検出器:紫外吸光光度計(測定波長:280nm)
移動相A:1.5mol/L硫酸アンモニウム含有50mmol/Lリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)
移動相B:50mmol/Lリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)
移動相C:水
移動相の送液:移動相A,移動相B及び移動相Cの混合比を次のように変えて濃度勾配制御する。
(1)錯体形成工程
本実施例に用いられるキレート部(DOTA-GA-DBCO)の構造を、以下の式(L1-5)に示す。89Yターゲットにプロトン照射し、0.1mol/L塩酸水溶液に溶解させて調製した89Zrイオン含有溶液(放射能濃度11286MBq/mL、液量0.140mL)を加熱条件下で、溶媒留去した。キレート部を、195mmol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)に分散させて、キレート部を1.0mmol/L含む分散液(キレート部分散液)とした。この分散液0.024mLと、0.1mol/L塩酸0.080mLと、150mmol/Lゲンチジン酸溶液(195mmol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)に溶解)0.080mLと、195mmol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.5)0.056mLとを,溶媒留去した放射性金属源に加え,加熱条件下で反応させて、89Zr錯体溶液を得た。キレート部と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート部:89Zrイオン=約22.5:1であり、反応液の加熱温度は70℃、加熱時間は90分間とした。
上述の工程(1)を経て得られた89Zr錯体の溶液と、製造例2の工程(1)及び工程(2)を経て製造したペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液とを混合し、37℃で1.5時間クリック反応させて、89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体を得た。
上述の工程(2)で得られた89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体を含む溶液を3本の限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)に分注し、それぞれ100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH5.1、6.1又は7.1)に溶媒置換して精製画分を得た。精製後の89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の放射化学的純度は95%であり、放射化学的収率(減衰補正なし)は53%であった。89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の放射化学的純度及び放射化学的収率の測定方法は以下のとおりとした。すなわち、薄層クロマトグラフィー(Agilent社製、型番:SGI0001、展開溶媒はアセトニトリル:0.1mmol/L EDTA溶液の混液(体積比1:1))をラジオγ-TLCアナライザー(raytest製、MODELGITA Star PS)で測定し、検出された全放射能(カウント)に対する、原点付近に検出されたピークの放射能(カウント)の百分率を放射化学的純度(%)とした。また、標識工程開始時に加えた全放射能に対して、溶媒置換後に回収した放射能の百分率を放射化学的収率(%)とした。
上述の工程(3)において得られた100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液で溶媒置換した精製画分に、0.7w/v%ポリソルベート80含有100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pHは5.1、6.1または7.1いずれか同じものを使用)を適量ずつ加え、製剤中のポリソルベート80の濃度が0.07w/v%となるよう製剤化し、無色のガラス製ゴム栓付きバイアル(容量6mL)に4mLずつ充填した。分注した各バイアルにおける製造直後の放射能濃度は63.8~68.1MBq/mLであった。抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度については、0.5mg/mLを目標値と設定した製剤は、実測値として0.43~0.45mg/mLであり、1.0mg/mLを目標値として設定した製剤は、実測値として0.66~0.68mg/mLであった。
なお、溶液中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、光路長可変型紫外可視分光光度計(SoloVPE、IN-VPE-Solo5、C Technologies社製)を用いて、測定波長280nm、モル吸光係数1.46を測定条件に設定して測定した。
実施例1の工程(1)および工程(2)を行った後、以下の工程を行った。なお、工程(1)で使用した放射能濃度は、7512MBqであった。
工程(2)で得られた89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体を含む溶液を室温付近まで冷却した後、20mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH5.5)4.0mLを加え、陽イオン交換樹脂を充填したカラム(HiTrap SP FF 5mL)に通液し、89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体をカラムに保持させた。その後、20mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH5.5)21mLをカラムに通液して洗浄した。このカラムに,100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)45mLを通液し、0.7w/v%ポリソルベート80を含む240mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)5.0mLと合わせて89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の溶液(4938MBq、44mL)を得た。
得られた89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の放射化学的純度は97%であり、放射化学的収率(減衰補正なし)は66%であった。89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の放射化学的純度及び放射化学的収率の測定方法は実施例1と同様に行った。
(4)製剤化工程
孔径0.22μmのポリフッ化ビニリデン製メンブランフィルターでろ過し、無色のガラス製のゴム栓付きバイアル(容量6mL)に、上述の工程(3)で得られた精製画分を適量加え、下記の処方で示す製剤とした。
なお、当該製剤中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、製造直後において、1.15mg/mLであった。溶液中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、光路長可変型紫外可視分光光度計(SoloVPE、IN-VPE-Solo5、C Technologies社製)を用いて、測定波長280nm、モル吸光係数1.51を測定条件に設定して測定した。
89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体(製造終了後) 471MBq
ポリソルベート80 2.8mg
L-アルギニン塩酸塩 84.3mg
L-ヒスチジン 31.0mg
注射用水 適量
塩酸 適量
合計 4.2mL
(1)キレート修飾工程
本実施例では上記式(L1-5)で示すキレート部と同一のキレート部を用いた。このキレート部を、溶媒として0.1mol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.0)に分散させて、キレート部を0.3mmol/L含む分散液とした。226Raターゲットにプロトン照射した後、国際公開第2022/014555号記載の方法で精製することで得られた225Acイオン含有溶液(0.1mol/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度5.1MBq/mL、液量0.333mL)1.7MBq(検定日時放射能から減衰計算した計算値)と、この分散液0.360mLと、0.1mol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH5.0)0.540mLを混合した反応液を、加熱条件下で反応させて、225Ac錯体溶液を得た。キレート部と放射性金属イオンとのモル比率は、キレート部:225Acイオン=約46330:1であり、反応液の加熱温度は70℃、加熱時間は15分間とした。
上述の工程(1)を経て得られた225Ac錯体の溶液と、製造例2の工程(1)及び工程(2)を経て製造したペプチド修飾抗体(一価抗体)を含む溶液とを混合し、37℃で2時間クリック反応させて、225Ac標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体を得た。
工程(2)で得られた225Ac標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体を含む溶液を、陽イオン交換樹脂を充填したカラム(Cytiva社製、HiTrap SP FF 5mL)に送液する。カラムに20mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH5.5)10mLを送液後、100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)18mLを送液して、精製画分を予め0.7w/v%ポリソルベート80含有240mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)2mLを添加したバイアルに回収した。得られた225Ac標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の放射化学的純度は99%であり、放射化学的収率は約40%であった。225Ac標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の放射化学的純度及び放射化学的収率の測定方法は実施例1と同様に行った。
無色のガラス製のゴム栓付きバイアル(容量6mL)に、上述の工程(3)で得られた精製画分を適量加え製剤とした。製造された225Ac標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体を有効成分として含有する本発明の液状医薬組成物は下記の処方である。
製剤中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、製造直後において0.87mg/mLであった。溶液中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーにて測定した。サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーの測定条件は以下の通りである。
カラム:TSK gel UP―SW3000(4.6×150mm,2.0μm)
検出器:紫外吸光光度計(測定波長:280nm)
移動相:0.2mol/Lアルギニン塩酸塩含有0.1mol/Lリン酸緩衝液(pH6.8)
流量:毎分0.3mL
225Ac標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体(上述の工程(2)で製造) 37kBq
ポリソルベート80 2.8mg
L-アルギニン塩酸塩 84.3mg
L-ヒスチジン 31.0mg
注射用水 適量
塩酸 適量
合計 4mL
(1)複合体作製工程
実施例1の工程(1)で得られたキレート部分散液を用いて、実施例1の工程(2)と同様にペプチド修飾抗体とクリック反応することにより、標識されていない抗体(非標識複合体)を得た。
37℃で1.5時間反応させて得られた非標識キレート修飾抗MUC5AC特異抗体を含む溶液を限外ろ過フィルター(Merck社製、型番:UFC505096)に分注し、100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)に溶媒置換し精製画分を得た。
上述の工程(2)において得られた精製画分と、100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)と、0.7w/v%ポリソルベート80含有100mmol/Lアルギニン含有50mmol/Lヒスチジン緩衝液(pH6.1)を適量ずつ混合し、製剤中のポリソルベート80の濃度が0.07w/v%となるようポリソルベート80を適量加え、メンブランフィルター(Merck社製、型番:SLGV033NB)に通液した後に、無色のガラス製のゴム栓付きバイアル(容量6mL)に4mLずつ分注することで、製剤化した。
製剤中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、製造直後において1.0mg/mLであった。溶液中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、光路長可変型紫外可視分光光度計(SoloVPE、IN-VPE-Solo5、C Technologies社製)を用いて、測定波長280nm、モル吸光係数1.46を測定条件に設定して測定した。
放射能濃度3880MBqを使用して実施例1の工程(1)および工程(2)を行った後、実施例2の工程(3)および(4)を行い、89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体製剤を作成した。工程(3)で得られた89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体の溶液(1890MBq、22mL)の放射化学的純度は91%であり、放射化学的収率(減衰補正なし)は49%であった。また、工程(4)で得られた製剤中の抗MUC5AC特異抗体の濃度は、製造直後において、0.96mg/mLであり、光路長可変型紫外可視分光光度計(SoloVPE、IN-VPE-Solo5、C Technologies社製)を用いて、測定波長280nm、モル吸光係数1.46を測定条件に設定して測定した。その他の処方は以下に示す通りである。
89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体(製造終了後) 122MBq
ポリソルベート80 1.4mg
L-アルギニン塩酸塩 42.2mg
L-ヒスチジン 15.5mg
注射用水 適量
塩酸 適量
合計 2.0mL
放射性核種標識抗体を用いた輸送安定性を評価するには、放射性同位元素等車両運搬規則を遵守する観点から容易に行うことが出来ないため、予備試験として製造例3で得た非標識複合体製剤の輸送安定性(外観、フローイメージング、粒子径測定)を評価した。また、非標識複合体に代えて製造例1で得た抗MUC5AC特異抗体を用いて製剤化した未修飾(インタクト)の抗MUC5AC特異抗体を用いて、同様に輸送安定性を評価した。
各処方を表2に示す。表2中、PS80はポリソルベート80(NOF CORPORATION製)の略である。処方1-1は、製造例3の非標識複合体製剤の処方であり、処方1-2、1-3、1-4は、インタクトの抗MUC5AC特異抗体(製造例1の未修飾抗体)の処方である。なお、溶液中の未修飾抗体の濃度は、光路長可変型紫外可視分光光度計(SoloVPE、IN-VPE-Solo5、C Technologies社製)を用いて、測定波長280nm、モル吸光係数1.45を測定条件に設定して測定した。
表3、4に示すとおり、検出された粒子数は、処方1-1、処方1-3、および処方1-4でほぼ同等で、処方1-2が最も多かった。
また、表5に示すとおり、粒子径と不均一性(%PD)について、いずれも正常の範囲内の数値であった。
表6に記載の処方に基づいて、被検試料を準備した。処方2-3、2-5~2-7は、実施例1で製剤化した89Zr標識抗MUC5ACヒト化抗体であり、処方2-1、2-2、2-4は、実施例1で製造した89Zr標識抗MUC5ACヒト化抗体製剤に対しポリソルベート80を含んでいない点が異なる。
界面活性剤であるポリソルベート80を添加した実施例1において(処方2-3)、容器への放射能吸着が大きく低減された。
また、処方2-5~2-7の容器吸着率は保存期間を通して1.7~2.1%の範囲であった(表7)。
実施例2で得られた89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体製剤の保存容器への放射能吸着の程度(容器吸着率)を調べた。開始点(製造0~2日後)、中間点(製造5~6日後)及び最終点(製造8~9日後)を測定時期とし、保管条件を5±3℃、25±2℃、40±2℃とし、試験例2と同様の手法で容器吸着率を測定した。
その結果、いずれの保管条件でも,保存期間を通して容器吸着率は0.51~0.98%の範囲であった(表8)。
実施例3において作製した溶液の保存容器への放射能吸着の程度(容器吸着率)を調べた。測定時期を製造4日後、保管条件を5±3℃とし、保存容器から、試料溶液全量をマイクロピペッターを用いて抜き取った。ゴム栓に付着した液もマイクロピペッターを用いて除去した。保存容器に残った放射能をガンマ線スペクトロメータ(型式:GMX10P4-70、メーカー:ORTEC)を用いて測定した。試料を抜き取る前の放射能[A]と保存容器に残った放射能[B]から、減衰補正([A]の測定時刻-[B]の測定時刻=[C])をして、下記の計算式から容器吸着率を算出した。ただし、[C]の単位は日とする。
実施例4で得られた89Zr標識抗MUC5AC特異抗体製剤の輸送安定性(外観、粒子径測定)を評価した。
溶液中の未修飾抗体の濃度は、光路長可変型紫外可視分光光度計(SoloVPE、IN-VPE-Solo5、C Technologies社製)を用いて、測定波長280nm、モル吸光係数1.46を測定条件に設定して測定した。その結果、抗体濃度は0.96mg/mLであった。
Claims (17)
- 放射性核種と抗体との複合体を有効成分として含有する液状の医薬組成物であって、
前記抗体が、ムチンサブタイプ5ACに特異的に結合する抗体であり、
前記組成物中の前記抗体の濃度が、0.1mg/mL以上5mg/mL以下であり、
安定剤と、緩衝剤と、界面活性剤と、
を含む、医薬組成物。 - 前記放射性核種が、α粒子、ポジトロン、β線またはγ線を放出する放射性核種である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記安定剤がL-アルギニンである、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記緩衝剤がL-ヒスチジンである、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物中の前記安定剤がL-アルギニンであり、前記緩衝剤がL-ヒスチジンであって、
前記L-アルギニンの濃度が、10mmоl/L以上150mmоl/L以下であり、
前記L-ヒスチジンの濃度が、1mmоl/L以上100mmоl/L以下である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記界面活性剤が、ポリソルベート20、ポリソルベート60、ポリソルベート65及びポリソルベート80からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物中の、
前記界面活性剤の濃度が、0.01体積%以上2.0体積%以下である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記組成物中の、
前記界面活性剤の濃度が、0.01体積%以上0.5体積%以下である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記放射性核種が89Zrである、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記放射性核種が225Acである、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗体がヒト化抗体である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記複合体が、前記放射性核種がキレートしたキレート剤と抗体との複合体である、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記キレート剤1分子が、前記抗体1分子に対して部位特異的に複合化している、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物中の前記抗体の濃度が、前記キレート剤と複合化している抗体と、前記キレート剤と複合化していない抗体との総濃度である、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物中の前記抗体の濃度が、0.4mg/mL以上2mg/mL以下である、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物中の前記抗体の濃度が、0.5mg/mL以上1.5mg/mL以下である、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物中のpHが5以上8以下である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
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