WO2024070797A1 - ステアリング装置および作業車両 - Google Patents
ステアリング装置および作業車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024070797A1 WO2024070797A1 PCT/JP2023/033851 JP2023033851W WO2024070797A1 WO 2024070797 A1 WO2024070797 A1 WO 2024070797A1 JP 2023033851 W JP2023033851 W JP 2023033851W WO 2024070797 A1 WO2024070797 A1 WO 2024070797A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- base member
- shaft
- angle
- operating lever
- frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D12/00—Steering specially adapted for vehicles operating in tandem or having pivotally connected frames
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D1/00—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle
- B62D1/02—Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of the vehicle vehicle-mounted
- B62D1/12—Hand levers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/0841—Articulated frame, i.e. having at least one pivot point between two travelling gear units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2004—Control mechanisms, e.g. control levers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/225—Control of steering, e.g. for hydraulic motors driving the vehicle tracks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2292—Systems with two or more pumps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2278—Hydraulic circuits
- E02F9/2296—Systems with a variable displacement pump
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a steering device and a work vehicle.
- JP Patent Publication No. 2020-26230 (Patent Document 1) and JP Patent Publication No. 2020-26233 (Patent Document 2) disclose a steering device for an articulated work vehicle in which a front frame and a rear frame are connected. In this steering device, rotation based on the rotation angle of the front frame relative to the rear frame is transmitted to a base member that supports a joystick lever for steering operation.
- the objective of this disclosure is to provide a steering device and a work vehicle that allows for comfortable steering operation.
- a steering device of the present disclosure is a steering device for a work vehicle having a rear frame and a front frame connected to the rear frame so as to be articulated.
- This steering device includes an operating lever, a base member, and a transmission mechanism.
- the base member supports the operating lever.
- the transmission mechanism transmits the rotation of the front frame relative to the rear frame to the base member, thereby rotating the base member about a central axis.
- the central axis is inclined so as to be positioned downward as it moves from the rear to the front.
- Another steering device of the present disclosure is a steering device for a work vehicle having a rear frame and a front frame connected to the rear frame so as to be articulated.
- This steering device includes an armrest, an operating lever, and a base member.
- the base member supports the operating lever and rotates about a central axis in conjunction with the rotation of the front frame relative to the rear frame.
- the base member is positioned at an angle so that an extension of the central axis intersects with the armrest in a side view.
- a work vehicle of the present disclosure includes a rear frame, a front frame, an operating lever, a base member, and a transmission mechanism.
- the front frame is connected to the rear frame so as to be articulated.
- the base member supports the operating lever.
- the transmission mechanism transmits the rotation of the front frame relative to the rear frame to the base member, thereby rotating the base member about a central axis.
- the central axis is inclined so as to be positioned downward from the rear to the front.
- Another work vehicle of the present disclosure includes a rear frame, a front frame, an armrest, an operating lever, and a base member.
- the front frame is connected to the rear frame so as to be articulated.
- the base member supports the operating lever and rotates about a central axis in conjunction with the rotation of the front frame relative to the rear frame.
- the base member is positioned at an angle so that an extension of the central axis intersects with the armrest in a side view.
- This disclosure makes it possible to realize a steering device and a work vehicle that allow for comfortable steering operation.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a wheel loader as an example of a work vehicle.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration inside the cab of the wheel loader shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a steering system in the wheel loader shown in FIG. 1 .
- 11 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a transmission mechanism that transmits information about an actual body frame angle ⁇ s_real to a base member of the lever unit.
- FIG. 5A and 5B are a side view and a top view showing the configuration of the transmission mechanism shown in FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 11 is a side view for explaining the inclination of the base member.
- 2A to 2F are diagrams showing the operation of the steering device and the state of the vehicle body frame in the wheel loader shown in FIG.
- a wheel loader 1 will be described as an example of a work machine.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of the wheel loader as an example of a work machine.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration inside the cab of the wheel loader shown in Fig. 1.
- the wheel loader 1 comprises a vehicle frame 2, a work implement 3, a traveling device 4, and a cab 5.
- the vehicle body of the wheel loader 1 is made up of the vehicle frame 2, the cab 5, etc.
- the vehicle body of the wheel loader 1 is attached to the work implement 3 and the traveling device 4.
- the main body of the wheel loader 1 comprises the vehicle body and the traveling device 4.
- the traveling device 4 allows the body of the wheel loader 1 to travel, and includes running wheels 4a, 4b.
- the wheel loader 1 is a wheeled vehicle equipped with running wheels 4a, 4b on both the left and right sides of the body as rotating bodies for traveling.
- the wheel loader 1 is self-propelled by driving the running wheels 4a, 4b to rotate, and can perform the desired work using the work machine 3.
- the direction in which the wheel loader 1 travels straight ahead is referred to as the fore-and-aft direction of the wheel loader 1.
- the side on which the work machine 3 is arranged relative to the vehicle body frame 2 is referred to as the front direction
- the side opposite the front direction is referred to as the rear direction.
- the left-right direction of the wheel loader 1 is the direction perpendicular to the fore-and-aft direction when the wheel loader 1 is viewed in plan on a flat surface. Looking forward, the right and left sides in the left-and-right direction are the right direction and the left direction, respectively.
- the up-and-down direction of the wheel loader 1 is the direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the fore-and-aft direction and the left-and-right direction.
- the side with the ground is the bottom side
- the side with the sky is the top side.
- the vehicle body frame 2 includes a front frame 2a and a rear frame 2b.
- the front frame 2a is disposed in front of the rear frame 2b.
- the front frame 2a and the rear frame 2b are connected to each other by a connecting shaft 2c ( Figure 3) so that they can rotate (articulate) in the left-right direction.
- a pair of steering cylinders 11a, 11b are attached across the front frame 2a and the rear frame 2b.
- Each of the steering cylinders 11a, 11b is a hydraulic cylinder.
- the steering cylinders 11a, 11b are expanded and contracted by hydraulic oil from the steering pump, thereby changing the direction of travel of the wheel loader 1 to the left or right.
- the front frame 2a and rear frame 2b form an articulated body frame 2.
- the wheel loader 1 is an articulated work machine in which the front frame 2a and rear frame 2b are connected so as to be able to bend.
- a working machine 3 and a pair of running wheels (front wheels) 4a are attached to the front frame 2a.
- the working machine 3 is attached to the front of the main body of the wheel loader 1.
- the working machine 3 is supported by the body of the wheel loader 1.
- the working machine 3 includes a boom 14 and a bucket 6.
- the bucket 6 is disposed at the tip of the working machine 3.
- the bucket 6 is a working tool for excavation and loading.
- the work machine 3 further includes a bell crank 18 and a link 15.
- the bell crank 18 is rotatably supported on the boom 14 by a support pin 18a located approximately in the center of the boom 14.
- the link 15 is connected to a connecting pin 18c provided at the tip of the bell crank 18.
- the link 15 connects the bell crank 18 to the bucket 6.
- the front frame 2a and the boom 14 are connected by a pair of boom cylinders 16.
- the boom cylinders 16 are hydraulic cylinders.
- the boom cylinders 16 rotate the boom 14 up and down around the boom pin 9.
- the base end of the boom cylinder 16 is attached to the front frame 2a.
- the tip of the boom cylinder 16 is attached to the boom 14.
- the bucket cylinder 19 connects the bell crank 18 and the front frame 2a.
- the base end of the bucket cylinder 19 is attached to the front frame 2a.
- the tip of the bucket cylinder 19 is attached to a connecting pin 18b provided at the base end of the bell crank 18.
- the bucket cylinder 19 is a hydraulic actuator that rotates the bucket 6 up and down relative to the boom 14.
- a cab 5, in which the operator sits, and a pair of running wheels (rear wheels) 4b are attached to the rear frame 2b.
- the box-shaped cab 5 is disposed behind the boom 14.
- the cab 5 is mounted on the vehicle frame 2.
- the cab 5 is mounted on the rear frame 2b.
- a driver's seat 7 where the operator of the wheel loader 1 sits is disposed inside the cab 5.
- An operating lever 41, a console box 12, and an armrest 13 are disposed to the side of the driver's seat 7.
- the operating lever 41 is, for example, an operating lever for steering operation, and is operated by the operator.
- the operating lever 41 is arranged to extend upward from the front end of the console box 12.
- the armrest 13 is a portion on which an operator seated in the driver's seat 7 rests his/her elbow.
- the armrest 13 is located behind the operating lever 41 and above the console box 12. With this arrangement, the operator seated in the driver's seat 7 can, for example, hold and operate the operating lever 41 with his/her left hand while resting his/her left elbow on the armrest 13.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the steering system in the wheel loader shown in FIG. 1.
- the steering system 10 of this embodiment has an adjustment mechanism 21, a steering device 22, a controller 23, and a vehicle speed sensor 24.
- the adjustment mechanism 21 adjusts the drive output of the steering cylinders 11a, 11b.
- the steering device 22 has an operating lever 41 and the like, and receives an instruction for steering rotation angle of the wheel loader 1 input by the operator.
- the controller 23 issues an instruction to the adjustment mechanism 21 to adjust the drive output of the steering cylinders 11a, 11b based on the instruction for steering rotation angle input to the steering device 22.
- the vehicle speed sensor 24 detects the vehicle speed V of the wheel loader 1 and transmits it to the controller 23 as a detection signal.
- Adjustment mechanism 21 adjusts the flow rate of oil supplied to the steering cylinders 11a, 11b.
- the adjustment mechanism 21 has a hydraulic valve 31, a main pump 32, an electromagnetic pilot valve 33, and a pilot pump .
- the hydraulic valve 31 is a flow rate control valve that adjusts the flow rate of oil supplied to the steering cylinders 11a, 11b according to the input pilot pressure.
- a spool valve is used as the hydraulic valve 31.
- the main pump 32 supplies hydraulic oil to the hydraulic valve 31 to operate the steering cylinders 11a, 11b.
- the hydraulic valve 31 has a valve body (not shown) that can be moved to a left steering position, a neutral position, and a right steering position.
- a valve body (not shown) that can be moved to a left steering position, a neutral position, and a right steering position.
- the actual vehicle body frame angle ⁇ s_real is 0 (zero)° when the wheel loader 1 moves straight ahead, a positive value when moving to the right, and a negative value when moving to the left.
- the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 is a flow control valve that adjusts the flow rate or pressure of the pilot oil supplied to the hydraulic valve 31 in response to commands from the controller 23.
- the pilot pump 34 supplies hydraulic oil to the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 to operate the hydraulic valve 31.
- the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 is, for example, a spool valve, and is controlled in response to commands from the controller 23.
- the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 has a valve body (not shown) that can be moved to a left pilot position, a neutral position, and a right pilot position.
- the hydraulic valve 31 When the valve body of the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 is located in the left pilot position, the hydraulic valve 31 is in the left steering position.
- the hydraulic valve 31 When the valve body of the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 is located in the right pilot position, the hydraulic valve 31 is in the right steering position.
- the hydraulic valve 31 is in the neutral position.
- the pilot pressure or pilot flow rate from the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 is controlled in response to a command from the controller 23, thereby controlling the hydraulic valve 31 and controlling the steering cylinders 11a, 11b.
- Controller 23 the controller 23 has a processor, a memory, etc. (not shown). The following processes are performed using the processor.
- the controller 23 receives the detection value ⁇ i_detect of the lever angle sensor 46, the detection value ⁇ s_detect of the vehicle frame angle sensor 47, and the vehicle speed V_detect detected by the vehicle speed sensor 24.
- the controller 23 outputs the electromagnetic pilot valve control current output i based on these values to control the electromagnetic pilot valve 33.
- the controller 23 determines the electromagnetic pilot valve control current output i based on the detected lever angle detection value ⁇ i_detect, the detected vehicle body frame angle detection value ⁇ s_detect, and the detection signal V_detect by the vehicle speed sensor 24.
- the controller 23 issues a command to the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 based on the determined electromagnetic pilot valve control current output i.
- the steering device 22 has a lever unit 25 , a transmission mechanism 45 , a lever angle sensor 46 , and a body frame angle sensor 47 .
- the lever unit 25 has an operating lever 41 , a support portion 42 , a base member 43 , a biasing member 44 , and a restricting portion 48 .
- the support portion 42 is fixed to the frame 12f of the console box 12.
- the support portion 42 may be part of the frame of the console box 12.
- the base member 43 is rotatably supported by the support portion 42.
- the base member 43 has an axis 43a.
- the axis 43a is rotatably supported by the support portion 42. This allows the base member 43 to rotate relative to the support portion 42 around the axis 43a.
- the base member 43 can also be configured to be rotatable relative to the support portion 42 by a configuration in which the support portion 42 has an axis, a through hole is formed in the base member 43, and the axis of the support portion 42 passes through the through hole of the base member 43.
- the operating lever 41 is arranged to be rotatable relative to the base member 43 or the support part 42.
- the operating lever 41 is configured to be rotatable relative to the base member 43, for example, by forming a through hole at its base end and inserting the shaft 43a into the through hole.
- the support part 42 has a shaft, and the shaft is inserted into the through hole at the base end of the operating lever 41, so that the operating lever 41 can be configured to be rotatable relative to the support part 42.
- the biasing member 44 is, for example, a spring member, and is interposed between the operating lever 41 and the base member 43.
- the biasing member 44 biases the operating lever 41 to the base reference position 43b relative to the base member 43.
- the operating lever 41 exerts a reaction force both when it is rotated rightward from the base reference position 43b and when it is rotated leftward from the base reference position 43b.
- the operating lever 41 is positioned at the base reference position 43b by the biasing forces from the left and right rotation directions.
- the regulating portion 48 is provided on the base member 43.
- the regulating portion 48 has contact portions 481, 482.
- the contact portions 481, 482 regulate the rotation range of the operating lever 41 relative to the base member 43 within a predetermined angle range.
- the state in which the longitudinal direction of the operating lever 41 is disposed at the base reference position 43b is regarded as a state in which the rotation angle of the operating lever 41 relative to the base member 43 is zero.
- the rotation angle of the operating lever 41 relative to the base member 43 is expressed as a plus.
- the rotation angle of the operating lever 41 relative to the base member 43 is expressed as a minus.
- the actual relative angle of the operating lever 41 relative to the base member 43 is indicated by ⁇ r_real.
- the operating lever 41 is set to be rotatable within the angle range of ⁇ 1' to ⁇ 1 relative to the base member 43.
- the specified angles ⁇ 1' and ⁇ 1 are set to, for example, -10 degrees and 10 degrees.
- the absolute value of the specified angle ⁇ 1 and the absolute value of the specified angle ⁇ 1' may be the same value or may be different.
- the operating lever 41 is also regulated by the support part 42 in addition to the base member 43.
- the support part 42 has an abutment part 49 against which the operating lever 41 abuts.
- the abutment part 49 has a right abutment part 491 and a left abutment part 492.
- the support part 42 regulates the base member 43 within a predetermined angle range of ⁇ 2' (negative value) to ⁇ 2 (positive value) relative to the support reference position 42b.
- the values of the predetermined angles ⁇ 2' and ⁇ 2 are set to, for example, -20 degrees and 20 degrees.
- the absolute value of the predetermined angle ⁇ 2 and the absolute value of the predetermined angle ⁇ 2' may be the same value or may be different.
- the front frame 2a and the base member 43 are connected by a transmission mechanism 45.
- information on the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real which is the rotation angle of the front frame 2a relative to the rear frame 2b, is mechanically input to the base member 43 via the transmission mechanism 45.
- the rotation angle based on the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real is transmitted to the base member 43.
- the lever angle sensor 46 is configured by, for example, a potentiometer.
- the lever angle sensor 46 detects an actual lever angle ⁇ i_real of the operating lever 41 with respect to the support portion 42 as a detected value ⁇ i_detect of the lever angle.
- the actual body frame angle ⁇ s_real is controlled by the adjustment mechanism 21 to be 0°.
- the front frame 2a is positioned along the fore-and-aft direction relative to the rear frame 2b.
- the rotation angle of the operating lever 41 relative to the support part 42 is zero.
- the rotation angle of the operating lever 41 relative to the support part 42 is expressed as a positive value.
- the rotation angle of the operating lever 41 relative to the support part 42 is expressed as a negative value.
- Controller 23 performs control so that the actual vehicle body frame angle ⁇ s_real corresponds to the actual lever angle ⁇ i_real from the support reference position 42b of the operating lever 41.
- the actual base angle of the base member 43 with respect to the support part 42 is set to ⁇ b_real.
- the actual base angle ⁇ b_real corresponds to the rotation angle of the base reference position 43b of the base member 43 from the support reference position 42b.
- the rotation angle of the base member 43 relative to the support part 42 is zero.
- the rotation angle of the base member 43 relative to the support part 42 is expressed as a positive value.
- the rotation angle of the base member 43 relative to the support part 42 is expressed as a negative value.
- the body frame angle sensor 47 detects the actual body frame angle ⁇ s_real as a detection value ⁇ s_detect of the body frame angle.
- the body frame angle sensor 47 is disposed near the connecting shaft 2c disposed between the steering cylinders 11a, 11b, or on a base member shaft 45n of a base member 43 included in a transmission mechanism 45 described later.
- the body frame angle sensor 47 is formed of, for example, a potentiometer.
- the body frame angle sensor 47 sends the detected detection value ⁇ s_detect of the body frame angle to the controller 23 as a detection signal.
- each of the steering cylinders 11a, 11b may be provided with a cylinder stroke sensor that detects the stroke of the cylinder.
- the detection values of these cylinder stroke sensors may be sent to the controller 23 to detect the detection value ⁇ s_detect of the vehicle frame angle.
- vehicle body frame angle ⁇ s_real and the base angle ⁇ b_real which is the rotation angle of the base member 43 relative to the support part 42, are in a corresponding positional relationship due to the transmission mechanism 45 described later.
- a vehicle body frame angle sensor 47 may be provided on the shaft 43a of the base member 43. This is because the vehicle body frame angle can be detected by detecting the rotation angle of the base member 43 relative to the support part 42.
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a transmission mechanism that transmits information on the actual body frame angle ⁇ s_real to a base member of a lever unit.
- Fig. 5 is a side view (A) and a top view (B) showing the configuration of the transmission mechanism shown in Fig. 4.
- the transmission mechanism 45 transmits information about the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real to the base member 43, and rotates the base member 43 to a position corresponding to the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real.
- the transmission mechanism 45 is a mechanism that includes a link.
- the transmission mechanism 45 has a rotating shaft 45b, a rod 45c, a connecting portion 45d, a link member 45e, a rotating shaft 45f, and a transmission member TM.
- a bracket 45a is attached to the front frame 2a, for example with a bolt.
- the bracket 45a is fixed in position relative to the front frame 2a.
- the bracket 45a rises upward from the top surface of the front frame 2a.
- the rod 45c is a push-pull rod.
- the rod 45c is connected to the bracket 45a via the rotation shaft 45b. This allows the rod 45c to be rotatably connected to the bracket 45a.
- the rotation shaft 45b extends, for example, in the vertical direction. This allows the rod 45c to rotate, for example, in the front-to-back and left-to-right planes relative to the front frame 2a.
- the link member 45e is made of, for example, a flat plate.
- the link member 45e has a first end 45e1 and a second end 45e2 that face each other in the longitudinal direction.
- the link member 45e is connected to the rod 45c at the first end 45e1 via a connecting part 45d.
- the connecting part 45d is made of, for example, a ball joint. This allows the link member 45e to rotate with respect to the rod 45c.
- the link member 45e has a rotating shaft 45f at the second end 45e2.
- the rotating shaft 45f extends upward from the link member 45e.
- the rotating shaft 45f is attached and fixed to the link member 45e, and its position is fixed relative to the link member 45e. Therefore, when the link member 45e rotates, the rotating shaft 45f also rotates together with the link member 45e.
- the transmission member TM transmits the rotational force to the base member 43 while maintaining the rotational direction of the rotation shaft 45f when the link member 45e rotates.
- the transmission member TM has a first shaft 45h, a rotating part 45j, a second shaft 45l (connecting shaft), a base member shaft 45n, and universal joints 45g, 45i, 45k, and 45m.
- the first shaft 45h is connected to the second end 45e2 of the link member 45e via a rotating shaft 45f and a universal joint 45g.
- the universal joint 45g is connected between the rotating shaft 45f and the first shaft 45h. This allows the first shaft 45h to rotate together with the rotating shaft 45f, and the joint angle between the first shaft 45h and the rotating shaft 45f is changeable.
- the first shaft 45h has, for example, a telescopic structure. This allows the first shaft 45h to extend and retract in the axial direction.
- the rotating part 45j is connected to the first shaft 45h via a universal joint 45i. This allows the rotating part 45j to rotate together with the first shaft 45h, and the joint angle between the rotating part 45j and the first shaft 45h can be changed.
- the second shaft 45l is connected to the rotating part 45j via a universal joint 45k. This allows the second shaft 45l to rotate together with the rotating part 45j, and the joint angle between the rotating part 45j and the second shaft 45l is variable.
- the second shaft 45l has, for example, a telescopic structure. This allows the second shaft 45l to expand and contract in the axial direction.
- the base member shaft 45n is connected to the second shaft 45l via a universal joint 45m. This allows the base member shaft 45n to rotate together with the second shaft 45l, and the joint angle between the second shaft 45l and the base member shaft 45n is variable.
- the base member shaft 45n is fixed to the base member 43. This allows the base member 43 to rotate together with the base member shaft 45n.
- the base member shaft 45n may be configured integrally with the shaft 43a ( Figure 3) or may be configured separately.
- the base member shaft 45n or the shaft 43a corresponds to the "center axis.”
- the transmission mechanism 45 has a portion disposed outside the cab 5 and a portion disposed inside the cab 5.
- the rotating shaft 45b, rod 45c, connecting portion 45d, and link member 45e of the transmission mechanism 45 are disposed outside the cab 5 and below the cab 5.
- the rotating shaft 45f is disposed both inside and outside the cab 5.
- the rotating shaft 45f is inserted into a through hole in the floor 5F of the cab 5.
- the rotating shaft 45f is attached to the floor 5F of the cab 5 via a bearing. This allows the rotating shaft 45f to rotate relative to the floor 5F of the cab 5.
- the transmission member TM of the transmission mechanism 45 is disposed inside the cab 5.
- the universal joint 45g of the transmission mechanism 45 is connected to the end (upper end) of the rotating shaft 45f located inside the cab 5.
- the universal joint 45k, second shaft 45l, universal joint 45m, and base member shaft 45n of the transmission mechanism 45 are disposed inside the console box 12.
- the console box 12 can rotate around axis BC. This allows the console box 12 to rotate between an operating state in which the operator operates the operating lever and a flipped-up state in which the console box is flipped up.
- the first direction in which the front frame 2a rotates relative to the rear frame 2b due to articulation is opposite to the second direction in which the link member 45e rotates around the rotation axis 45f.
- the link member 45e rotates clockwise R3 around the rotation axis 45f.
- the link member 45e rotates counterclockwise R4 around the rotation axis 45f.
- the rotation shaft 45f is located on the opposite side of the rod 45c to the articulation center AC of the rear frame 2b and the front frame 2a.
- the articulation center AC means the axial center of the connecting shaft 2c.
- the rotation shaft 45f is located on the left side of the rod 45c (lower side in FIG. 5(B)), and the articulation center AC is located on the right side of the rod 45c (upper side in FIG. 5(B)).
- the distance LB from the connection 45d between the rod 45c and the link member 45e to the rotation axis 45f is greater than the distance LA from the articulation center AC to the connection (rotation axis 45b) between the rod 45c and the front frame 2a (bracket 45a).
- the transmission member TM transmits the rotational force to the base member 43 (Fig. 3) while maintaining the rotational direction of the rotation shaft 45f when the link member 45e rotates.
- the "rotational direction” refers to the rotational direction when viewed from the end of the rotating member to which the rotational force is transmitted (transmission destination) to the end from which the rotational force is transmitted (transmission source).
- top view refers to a viewpoint looking downward from above the wheel loader 1.
- front view refers to a viewpoint looking backward from the front of the wheel loader 1.
- FIG. 6 is a side view illustrating the inclination of the base member.
- the base member shaft 45n is inclined downward from the rear to the front in a side view.
- the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n is inclined downward from the rear to the front in a side view. Therefore, the front end of the base member shaft 45n is located lower than the rear end.
- the base member shaft 45n is inclined relative to the second shaft 45l in a side view. Specifically, the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n is inclined relative to the axis AX2 of the second shaft 45l in a side view. The axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n is inclined downward toward the front from the intersection with the axis AX2 of the second shaft 45l. In other words, the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n is inclined downward as it moves forward from the intersection with the axis AX2 of the second shaft 45l. The axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n is located below the height position of the axis AX2 of the second shaft 45l. The axis AX2 of the second shaft 45l extends approximately parallel to the top surface of the console box 12.
- the base member 43 is also tilted so that an extension of the base member axis 45n intersects with the armrest 13 in a side view.
- the extension of the base member axis 45n means an imaginary straight line along which the axis AX1 of the base member axis 45n extends from the base member axis 45n.
- a side view means a view from the left-right direction (a view from right to left or a view from left to right) as shown in FIG. 6.
- the base member 43 is positioned at an angle so that an extension line of the base member shaft 45n intersects with the upper surface US of the armrest 13 in a side view.
- the upper surface US of the armrest 13 is a surface on which an operator seated in the driver's seat 7 can rest his or her elbows.
- an extension line of the base member shaft 45n intersects with the upper surface of the console box 12 located directly below the armrest 13 in a side view.
- the transmission mechanism 45 is described as being a mechanical link mechanism including the rod 45c, but the transmission mechanism 45 is not limited to being a mechanical link mechanism.
- the transmission mechanism 45 in this embodiment may have a driving source such as a motor.
- the base member 43 may be rotated by the base angle ⁇ b_real, which corresponds to the body frame angle ⁇ s_real detected by the body frame angle sensor 47, using this driving source such as a motor.
- Figures 7(A) to 7(F) show the operation of the steering device and the state of the vehicle frame.
- the base reference position 43b of the base member 43 coincides with the support reference position 42b of the support portion 42.
- the longitudinal direction of the operating lever 41 also coincides with the support reference position 42b.
- the operator applies an operating force to rotate the operating lever 41, for example, to the right from the support reference position 42b.
- this operating force exceeds the initial biasing force of the biasing member 44, as shown in FIG. 7(B)
- the operating lever 41 rotates to the right and the actual lever angle ⁇ i_real increases. Note that as the operating lever 41 is moved to the right, the relative angle ⁇ r_real with the base member 43 increases, and therefore the reaction force applied to the operating lever 41 by the biasing member 44 increases.
- the lever angle sensor 46 (Fig. 3) detects the actual lever angle ⁇ i_real of the control lever 41 operated by the operator as the detected lever angle value ⁇ i_detect.
- the vehicle frame angle sensor 47 (Fig. 3) detects the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real as the detected vehicle frame angle value ⁇ s_detect.
- the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real is zero. Therefore, the detection value ⁇ s_detect of the vehicle frame angle detected by the vehicle frame angle sensor 47 is zero. Since the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real is almost zero, the base member 43 is not rotating either. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the operating lever 41 is rotated to the right, the operating lever 41 is rotated to the right with respect to the base reference position 43b of the base member 43. In addition, the operating lever 41 is urged by the urging member 44 to return to the base reference position 43b (which can also be said to be the support reference position 42b in the state of FIG. 7B).
- the controller 23 determines the electromagnetic pilot valve control current output i based on the detected lever angle detection value ⁇ i_detect, the detected vehicle body frame angle detection value ⁇ s_detect, and the detection signal V_detect by the vehicle speed sensor 24.
- the controller 23 issues a command to the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 based on the determined electromagnetic pilot valve control current output i.
- the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 By rotating the operating lever 41 to the right, the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 takes the right pilot position, and pilot pressure controlled by the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 is supplied to the hydraulic valve 31. With the supply of pilot pressure, the hydraulic valve 31 takes the right steering position, and main hydraulic pressure is supplied to the steering cylinders 11a and 11b so as to extend the steering cylinder 11a and contract the steering cylinder 11b.
- the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real gradually increases, and the front frame 2a rotates to the right relative to the rear frame 2b. This change in the actual vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real is reflected in the angle of the base member 43 via the transmission mechanism 45.
- the angle of the base member 43 also rotates to a position corresponding to the vehicle frame angle ⁇ s_real.
- the deviation angle ⁇ r_real between the actual lever angle ⁇ i_real and the actual base angle ⁇ b_real becomes smaller, and the biasing force of the biasing member 44 becomes smaller.
- the control lever 41 is rotated left so that the control lever 41 is positioned at the support reference position 42b.
- the positional relationship between the operating lever 41 and the base member 43 is the same as that shown in FIG. 7(A). Therefore, when the operating lever 41 is moved, the reaction force at the start of movement is the same as the reaction force at the start of movement from the initial position.
- the reaction force applied to the operation is determined according to the state of the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 (middle position, right pilot position, left pilot position) regardless of the position of the operating lever 41.
- the electromagnetic pilot valve 33 takes the left pilot position, pilot pressure is supplied to the hydraulic valve 31, and the hydraulic valve 31 takes the left steering position. As a result, hydraulic pressure is supplied so that the steering cylinder 11b extends and the steering cylinder 11a contracts.
- an operator seated in the driver's seat 7 operates the steering wheel by gripping the control lever 41 with his or her elbow resting on the armrest 13.
- the operator operates the control lever 41 by moving his or her arm around his or her elbow resting on the armrest 13.
- the base member shaft 45n is inclined downward as it moves from the rear to the front.
- the extension line of the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n passes near the elbow resting on the armrest 13. This makes it ergonomically easy for the operator to move his arm around his elbow resting on the armrest 13 to operate the operating lever 41, allowing for comfortable steering operation.
- the base member shaft 45n is inclined so as to be positioned lower than the axis AX2 of the second shaft 45l, with the universal joint 45m as the fulcrum. This allows the extension of the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n to pass near the elbow resting on the armrest 13.
- the base member shaft 45n is connected to the second shaft 45l via the universal joint 45m, it becomes easy to position the base member 43 in the console box 12 at an appropriate inclination angle with respect to the second shaft 45l.
- the transmission mechanism 45 has a rod 45c rotatably connected to the front frame 2a, and a link member 45e rotatably connected to the rod 45c.
- the rotation shaft 45f of the link member 45e is connected to the first shaft 45h. This allows the rotation of the front frame 2a relative to the rear frame 2b to be transmitted to the base member 43 by the transmission mechanism 45.
- the base member 43 is disposed at an angle so that the extension of the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n intersects with the armrest 13 in a side view. This causes the extension of the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n to pass close to the elbow resting on the armrest 13. This makes it ergonomically easy for the operator to move his or her arm around the elbow resting on the armrest 13 to operate the operating lever 41, allowing for comfortable steering operation.
- the base member 43 is disposed at an angle so that the extension of the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n intersects with the upper surface US of the armrest 13 in a side view. This causes the extension of the axis AX1 of the base member shaft 45n to pass even closer to the elbow resting on the armrest 13. This makes it ergonomically easier for the operator to move his or her arm around the elbow resting on the armrest 13 to operate the operating lever 41, allowing for comfortable steering operation.
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Abstract
Description
明細書および図面において、同一の構成要素または対応する構成要素には、同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を繰り返さない。また、図面では、説明の便宜上、構成を省略または簡略化している場合もある。また、実施の形態と変形例との少なくとも一部は、互いに任意に組み合わされてもよい。
実施形態においては、作業機械の一例としてホイールローダ1について説明する。図1は、作業機械の一例としてのホイールローダの側面図である。図2は、図1に示すホイールローダにおけるキャブ内の構成を示す図である。
次に、図1に示すホイールローダにおけるステアリングシステム10について図3を用いて説明する。
図3に示されるように、調整機構21は、ステアリングシリンダ11a、11bに供給する油の流量を調整する。調整機構21は、油圧バルブ31と、メインポンプ32と、電磁パイロットバルブ33と、パイロットポンプ34とを有している。
図3に示されるように、コントローラ23は、プロセッサおよびメモリなど(図示せず)を有している。以下の処理などは、プロセッサを用いて行われる。
図3に示されるように、ステアリング装置22は、レバーユニット25と、伝達機構45と、レバー角度センサ46と、車体フレーム角度センサ47とを有している。
レバーユニット25は、操作レバー41と、支持部42と、ベース部材43と、付勢部材44と、規制部48とを有している。
レバー角度センサ46は、たとえばポテンショメータによって構成されている。レバー角度センサ46は、支持部42に対する操作レバー41の実際のレバー角度θi_realをレバー角度の検出値θi_detectとして検出する。
車体フレーム角度センサ47は、実際の車体フレーム角度θs_realを車体フレーム角度の検出値θs_detectとして検出する。車体フレーム角度センサ47は、ステアリングシリンダ11a、11bの間に配置されている連結軸2cの近傍、または後述する伝達機構45に含まれるベース部材43のベース部材用軸45nに配置されている。車体フレーム角度センサ47は、たとえばポテンショメータによって構成されている。車体フレーム角度センサ47は、検出した車体フレーム角度の検出値θs_detectを検出信号としてコントローラ23に送る。
図4は、実際の車体フレーム角度θs_realの情報をレバーユニットのベース部材へ伝達する伝達機構の構成を示す斜視図である。図5は、図4に示す伝達機構の構成を示す側面図(A)および上面図(B)である。
次に、ベース部材43の傾斜について図6を用いて説明する。
次に、本実施の形態のホイールローダ1の制御動作について説明する。
<効果>
次に、本実施形態の効果について説明する。
Claims (7)
- リアフレームと、前記リアフレームに対してアーティキュレートするように接続されたフロントフレームとを有する作業車両のステアリング装置であって、
操作レバーと、
前記操作レバーを支持するベース部材と、
前記リアフレームに対する前記フロントフレームの回転を前記ベース部材に伝達することにより前記ベース部材を中心軸を中心に回転させる伝達機構と、を備え、
前記中心軸は後方から前方に向かうにしたがって下方に位置するように傾斜して配置されている、ステアリング装置。 - 前記伝達機構は、
第1軸と、
前記第1軸に接続された回動部と、
前記回動部に接続された第2軸と、を有し、
前記第2軸は、継手部を介在して前記中心軸に接続されており、
前記中心軸は、前記継手部を支点として前記第2軸の軸線よりも下側に位置するように傾斜している、請求項1に記載のステアリング装置。 - 前記伝達機構は、
前記フロントフレームに回動可能に接続されたロッドと、
第1端部と第2端部とを有し、前記第1端部において前記ロッドに回動可能に接続され、前記第2端部において回転軸を有するリンク部材と、をさらに有し、
前記リンク部材の前記回転軸は、前記第1軸に接続されている、請求項2に記載のステアリング装置。 - リアフレームと、前記リアフレームに対してアーティキュレートするように接続されたフロントフレームとを有する作業車両のステアリング装置であって、
アームレストと、
操作レバーと、
前記操作レバーを支持し、前記リアフレームに対する前記フロントフレームの回転に連動して中心軸を中心に回転するベース部材と、を備え、
側面視において前記中心軸の延長線が前記アームレストと交差するように前記ベース部材は傾斜して配置される、ステアリング装置。 - 側面視において前記中心軸の前記延長線が前記アームレストの上面と交差するように前記ベース部材は傾斜して配置される、請求項4に記載のステアリング装置。
- リアフレームと、
前記リアフレームに対してアーティキュレートするように接続されたフロントフレームと、
操作レバーと、
前記操作レバーを支持するベース部材と、
前記リアフレームに対する前記フロントフレームの回転を前記ベース部材に伝達することにより前記ベース部材を中心軸を中心に回転させる伝達機構と、を備え、
前記中心軸は後方から前方に向かうにしたがって下方に位置するように傾斜して配置されている、作業車両。 - リアフレームと、
前記リアフレームに対してアーティキュレートするように接続されたフロントフレーム
と、
アームレストと、
操作レバーと、
前記操作レバーを支持し、前記リアフレームに対する前記フロントフレームの回転に連動して中心軸を中心に回転するベース部材と、を備え、
側面視において前記中心軸の延長線が前記アームレストと交差するように前記ベース部材は傾斜して配置される、作業車両。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23872025.4A EP4549286A1 (en) | 2022-09-29 | 2023-09-19 | Steering device and work vehicle |
| CN202380064712.7A CN119768324A (zh) | 2022-09-29 | 2023-09-19 | 转向装置及作业车辆 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022156374A JP2024049878A (ja) | 2022-09-29 | 2022-09-29 | ステアリング装置および作業車両 |
| JP2022-156374 | 2022-09-29 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2024070797A1 true WO2024070797A1 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2023/033851 Ceased WO2024070797A1 (ja) | 2022-09-29 | 2023-09-19 | ステアリング装置および作業車両 |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4549286A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2024049878A (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2024070797A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017209058A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業車両および作業車両の制御方法 |
| JP2020026233A (ja) | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業車両 |
| JP2020026230A (ja) | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社小松製作所 | ステアリング装置、ステアリングシステム、および作業車両 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-29 JP JP2022156374A patent/JP2024049878A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-09-19 WO PCT/JP2023/033851 patent/WO2024070797A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-19 CN CN202380064712.7A patent/CN119768324A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-19 EP EP23872025.4A patent/EP4549286A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017209058A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業車両および作業車両の制御方法 |
| JP2020026233A (ja) | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業車両 |
| JP2020026230A (ja) | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 株式会社小松製作所 | ステアリング装置、ステアリングシステム、および作業車両 |
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| CN119768324A (zh) | 2025-04-04 |
| JP2024049878A (ja) | 2024-04-10 |
| EP4549286A1 (en) | 2025-05-07 |
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