WO2024070494A1 - 膵内胚葉細胞の製造方法 - Google Patents
膵内胚葉細胞の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
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- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
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- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
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- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
- C12N2506/45—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells from artificially induced pluripotent stem cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing pancreatic endoderm cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing pancreatic endoderm cells, which includes a step of culturing pancreatic endoderm cells in the presence of a ROCK inhibitor, and to pancreatic endoderm cells produced by the method.
- pancreas functions as an exocrine gland that secretes digestive enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, trypsin, elastase, and pancreatic amylase, and as an endocrine gland that secretes pancreatic hormones such as glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP).
- pancreatic hormones such as glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP).
- ghrelin a gastric secretion hormone
- pancreatic hormone is produced by cell clusters called pancreatic islets, which are mainly composed of four types of cells in the pancreas: ⁇ cells, ⁇ cells, ⁇ cells, and PP cells.
- Diabetes is a disease that develops due to a lack of insulin or the loss of its function, and once it develops, it is difficult to cure. Diabetes can be broadly classified into two types: type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus).
- Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that develops when insulin resistance is acquired in addition to a decrease in insulin secretion ability, and is thought to be caused by lifestyle habits such as obesity caused by overeating and lack of exercise, and stress.
- type 1 diabetes is a disease that occurs when beta cells (insulin-producing cells) are destroyed by autoimmune disease or viral infection, preventing insulin from being secreted into the body.
- Symptomatic treatment is mainly by administering insulin.
- Another treatment for type 1 diabetes that is being considered is inducing insulin-producing cells from patient-derived cells outside the body, and then transplanting the induced insulin-producing cells into the patient's body. Insulin-producing cells can be obtained, for example, by taking cells derived from the patient's pancreatic duct epithelium outside the body and allowing them to differentiate.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method for expanding and culturing posterior foregut cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells has also been developed (e.g., Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 report a method for expanding and culturing PDX1 + /SOX9 + /NKX6.1 - pancreatic progenitor cells (pancreatic progenitor cells or pancreatic progenitors), which correspond to the posterior foregut cells in Figure 1.
- the objective of the present invention is to develop a method for proliferating (i.e., expanding) pancreatic endoderm cells, which are cells at a stage of differentiation more advanced than posterior foregut cells, while maintaining their differentiation potential.
- pancreatic endoderm cells can be expanded by adding Y-27632 to the culture medium at a concentration of 10 ⁇ M or 50 ⁇ M.
- a low concentration (e.g., 10 ⁇ M) of Y-27632 is sometimes used only on the first day of reseeding in order to suppress apoptosis.
- ROCK inhibitors such as Y-27632 changes the differentiation state of cells (Maldonado M. et al., Stem Cell Res 17; 222-227; 2016), and the use of ROCK inhibitors for more than one day has been avoided.
- pancreatic endoderm cells can be efficiently expanded for a long period of time while maintaining their differentiation potential (in one embodiment, they can be expanded to 1 ⁇ 10 5 times or more in culture for 60 days or more) even when Y-27632 is used at a high concentration of 10 ⁇ M or more and further for a long period of time during culture.
- the inventors further verified the mechanism of the proliferation effect of ROCK inhibitors on pancreatic endoderm cells. It was suggested that the main mechanism of this effect is not anti-apoptosis, but the inhibition of cell aging and the associated inhibition of fibrosis or epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Based on these findings, further research led to the completion of the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1-1] A method for producing pancreatic endoderm cells, comprising the step of culturing pancreatic endoderm cells in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor, and KGF and/or EGF.
- [1-2] The method according to [1-1], wherein the medium contains both KGF and EGF.
- [1-3] The method according to [1-1] or [1-2], wherein the medium contains nicotinamide.
- [10-1] The method according to any one of [1-1] to [9], wherein the culture is under feeder-free conditions.
- [10-2] The method according to any one of [1-1] to [10-1], wherein the culture is under xeno-free conditions.
- [11] A pancreatic endoderm cell produced by the method according to any one of [1-1] to [10-2].
- [12-1] A kit for expanding pancreatic endoderm cells, comprising a ROCK inhibitor and KGF and/or EGF.
- the kit according to [12-1] comprising both KGF and EGF.
- [12-3] The kit according to [12-1] or [12-2], which contains nicotinamide.
- [13-1] The kit according to any one of [12-1] to [12-3], comprising a TGF ⁇ inhibitor and/or a retinoic acid receptor agonist.
- [13-2] The kit described in [13-1], which contains both a TGF ⁇ inhibitor and a retinoic acid receptor agonist.
- [13-3] The kit according to [13-1] or [13-2], wherein the TGF ⁇ inhibitor is 2-[3-[6-methylpyridin-2-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-1,5-naphthyridine.
- the retinoic acid receptor agonist is retinoic acid.
- [14-1] A method for producing ⁇ -like cells or precursor cells thereof, comprising a step of inducing differentiation of the pancreatic endoderm cells according to [11] into ⁇ -like cells or precursor cells thereof.
- [14-2] A cell produced by the method according to [14-1].
- [15] A cell transplantation therapeutic agent comprising the cells according to [11] or [14-2].
- [16] The agent according to [15] for treating diabetes.
- [17-1] A method for treating a pancreatic disease in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of the cell according to [11] or [14-2] or the agent according to [15] or [16].
- [17-2] The method according to [17-1], wherein the pancreatic disease is diabetes.
- [18-1] The cell according to [11] or [14-2] or the agent according to [15] or [16] for use in treating a pancreatic disease.
- [18-2] The cell or agent according to [18-1], wherein the pancreatic disease is diabetes.
- [19-2] The cell or agent according to [19-1], wherein the pancreatic disease is diabetes.
- pancreatic endoderm cells to be proliferated with high efficiency.
- these cells are useful in regenerative medicine and drug discovery screening for pancreatic diseases, as an alternative to human pancreatic islets and exocrine cells and tissues, which are difficult to obtain as research samples.
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the stepwise differentiation induction method for ⁇ -like cells.
- the present invention provides a method for producing pancreatic endoderm cells using a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor. Specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing pancreatic endoderm cells (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the "production method of the present invention"), which comprises a step of culturing pancreatic endoderm cells in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor and KGF and/or EGF. The production method of the present invention may also include a step of isolating the produced pancreatic endoderm cells.
- the method of the present invention allows pancreatic endoderm cells to self-multiply, producing homogeneous cells.
- the method of the present invention can also be interpreted as a method for multiplying pancreatic endoderm cells or a method for expanding and culturing pancreatic endoderm cells, which includes a step of culturing pancreatic endoderm cells in a medium containing a ROCK inhibitor and KGF and/or EGF.
- pancreatic endoderm cells refers to cells that have the ability to differentiate into at least ⁇ -like cells and express at least PDX1 and NKX6.1. Pancreatic endoderm cells may further express one or more gene markers such as SOX9 and GATA4.
- ⁇ -like cells refers to cells that have been induced to differentiate in vitro from endocrine precursor cells or immature ⁇ cells, have properties identical to or similar to those of in vivo pancreatic ⁇ cells, and express and/or secrete insulin.
- cells includes “cell populations.”
- a cell population may be composed of one type of cell, or may be composed of two or more types of cells.
- expansion culture refers to culturing for the purpose of proliferating a desired cell population and increasing the number of cells.
- the increase in cell number need only be achieved when the increase in cell number due to cell proliferation exceeds the decrease in cell number due to cell death, and it is not necessary for all cells in the cell population to proliferate.
- the increase in cell number can be 1.1-fold, 1.2-fold, 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 15-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold, 300-fold, 500-fold, 1000-fold, 3000-fold, 5000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold or more compared to before the start of expansion culture.
- the basal medium used in the production method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but includes StemFit (registered trademark) AK02 medium (Ajinomoto Co., Ltd.), StemFit (registered trademark) AK03 medium (Ajinomoto Co., Ltd.), StemFit (registered trademark) Basic03 medium, CTS (registered trademark) KnockOut SR XenoFree Medium (Gibco), mTeSR1 medium, TeSR1 medium (Stem Cell Technologies), Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (GE Healthcare), Improved MEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific), etc. Among them, Improved MEM medium is preferable.
- basal media include RPMI-1640 medium, EagleMEM (EMEM), Dulbecco's modified MEM, Glasgow's MEM (GMEM), ⁇ -MEM, 199 medium, IMDM, DMEM, Hybridoma Serum free medium, KnockOut TM DMEM, Advanced TM medium (e.g., Advanced MEM, Advanced RPMI, Advanced DMEM/F-12), Ham's Medium F-12, Ham's Medium F-10, Ham's Medium F12K, DMEM/F-12, ATCC-CRCM30, DM-160, DM-201, BME, Fischer, McCoy's 5A, Leibovitz's L-15, RITC80-7, MCDB105, MCDB107, MCDB131, MCDB153, MCDB201, NCTC109, NCTC135, Waymouth's Medium (e.g., Waymouth's Examples of suitable medium include, but are
- ROCK inhibitors As shown in the examples below, various types of ROCK inhibitors were found to have a proliferative effect on pancreatic endoderm cells. In other words, suppressing the function of Rho-kinase (ROCK) is important for the proliferation of pancreatic endoderm cells, and any ROCK inhibitor can be applied to the manufacturing method of the present invention as long as it can suppress said function.
- ROCK inhibitors include Y-27632 (see, e.g., Ishizaki et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 976-983 (2000); Narumiya et al., Methods Enzymol.
- fasudil/HA1077 see, e.g., Uenata et al., Nature 389: 990-994 (1997)
- SR3677 see, e.g., Feng Y et al., J Med Chem. 51: 6642-6645 (2008)
- GSK 269962 see, e.g., Stavenger RA et al., J Med Chem. 50: 2-5 (2007) or WO2005/037197
- GSK429286A, H1152 see, e.g., Sasaki et al., Pharmacol. Ther.
- ROCK inhibitors include antisense nucleic acids against ROCK, RNA interference-inducing nucleic acids (e.g., siRNAs), dominant-negative mutants, and expression vectors thereof.
- RNA interference-inducing nucleic acids e.g., siRNAs
- Y-27632 GSK269962, GSK429286A, fasudil hydrochloride, H1152 and thiazovivin are preferred, and Y-27632 is particularly preferred.
- only one type of ROCK inhibitor may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- Salts of compounds include inorganic base salts such as alkali metal salts (sodium salt, potassium salt, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), aluminum salts, and ammonium salts, as well as base addition salts such as organic base salts such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, and N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, and acid addition salts such as inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hydroiodide, nitrate, and phosphate, and organic acid salts such as citrate, oxalate, acetate, formate, propionate, benzoate, trifluoroacetate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, and paratoluenesulfonate.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 1 ⁇ M or more (e.g., 5 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M, 15 ⁇ M, 20 ⁇ M, 25 ⁇ M, 30 ⁇ M, 35 ⁇ M, 40 ⁇ M, 45 ⁇ M, 50 ⁇ M or more) and 500 ⁇ M or less (400 ⁇ M, 300 ⁇ M, 200 ⁇ M, 150 ⁇ M, 100 ⁇ M or less).
- the concentration in the medium may be 0.1 ⁇ M to 1000 ⁇ M, 1 ⁇ M to 300 ⁇ M, or 10 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 50 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.02 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.2 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, and more preferably 2 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 2 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.02 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.2 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, and more preferably 2 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 2 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.1 ⁇ M to 500 ⁇ M, preferably 1 ⁇ M to 200 ⁇ M, and more preferably 10 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 50 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.02 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.2 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, and more preferably 2 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 2 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.02 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably 0.2 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, and more preferably 2 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 2 ⁇ M or 10 ⁇ M.
- KGF is a protein known as Keratinocyte Growth Factor, and is sometimes called FGF-7. KGF may be commercially available from, for example, R&D Systems.
- the concentration of KGF in the culture medium is usually 1 ng/ml to 1 ⁇ g/ml, preferably 5 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml, and more preferably 10 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml (e.g., 100 ng/ml).
- EGF is a protein known as epidermal growth factor. Commercially available EGF from, for example, R&D systems, can be used.
- the concentration of EGF in the culture medium is usually 1 ng/ml to 1 ⁇ g/ml, preferably 5 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml, and more preferably 10 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml (e.g., 50 ng/ml).
- the medium may contain nicotinamide.
- concentration of nicotinamide in the medium is typically 0.1 mM to 200 mM, preferably 1 mM to 100 mM, more preferably 5 mM to 50 mM (e.g., 10 mM).
- the medium may contain media additives other than those mentioned above, for example, serum such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum, one or more serum substitutes such as Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR), N2 supplement (Invitrogen), B27 supplement (Invitrogen), albumin, transferrin, apotransferrin, fatty acids, insulin, collagen precursors, trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, 3'-thiolglycerol, and may also contain one or more substances such as lipids, amino acids, L-glutamine, Glutamax (Invitrogen), non-essential amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, small molecules, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts, selenate, progesterone, and putrescine.
- serum substitutes such as Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR), N2 supplement (Invitrogen), B27 supplement (Invitrogen), albumin, transferrin, apotransferrin, fatty acids, insulin, collagen precursors
- the culture in the method of the present invention may be performed under feeder-free and/or xeno-free conditions for all or part of the period. From the viewpoint of clinical use, it is preferable that the method of the present invention is performed under feeder-free and xeno-free conditions for the entire period.
- feeder-free means a medium or culture conditions that do not contain other cell types (i.e., feeder cells) that play a supporting role and are used to prepare the culture conditions for the cells to be cultured.
- xeno-free means a medium or culture conditions that do not contain components derived from organisms other than the organism species of the cells to be cultured.
- the culture in the method of the present invention may be either suspension culture or adhesion culture as long as the desired cells can grow, but adhesion culture is preferred.
- suspension culture refers to culture carried out under conditions that maintain the state in which cells or cell aggregates are suspended in the culture medium, that is, culture under conditions that do not allow the formation of strong cell-substratum junctions between the cells or cell aggregates and the culture vessel.
- adheresion culture refers to culture under conditions that allow the formation of strong cell-substratum junctions between the cells or cell aggregates and the culture equipment, etc.
- Culture vessels used for adhesion culture include those whose surfaces have been artificially treated to improve adhesion to cells (e.g., coating with basement membrane preparations, extracellular matrices such as fibronectin, laminin or fragments thereof, entactin, collagen, gelatin, synthemax, vitronectin, etc., or polymers such as polylysine and polyornithine, or surface treatments such as positive charge treatment).
- culture vessels coated with laminin or fragments thereof are preferred.
- the laminins or fragments thereof used in the present invention include laminin-111 and fragments thereof containing the E8 region, laminin-211 and fragments thereof containing the E8 region (e.g., iMatrix-211), laminin-121 and fragments thereof containing the E8 region, laminin-221 and fragments thereof containing the E8 region, laminin-332 and fragments thereof containing the E8 region, laminin-3A11 and fragments thereof containing the E8 region, laminin-411 and fragments thereof containing the E8 region (e.g., iMatrix-411), laminin-4 21 or a fragment thereof containing its E8 region, laminin-511 or a fragment thereof containing its E8 region (e.g., iMatrix-511, iMatrix-511 silk), laminin-521 or a fragment thereof containing its E8 region, laminin-213 or a fragment thereof containing its E8 region, laminin-423 or
- the culture vessel used for suspension culture is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of "suspension culture", and a person skilled in the art can appropriately determine the type.
- Examples of such culture vessels include flasks, flasks for tissue culture, dishes, Petri dishes, dishes for tissue culture, multi-dishes, microplates, microwell plates, micropores, multi-plates, multi-well plates, chamber slides, petri dishes, tubes, trays, culture bags, and roller bottles.
- a bioreactor is an example of a vessel for suspension culture.
- These culture vessels are preferably non-adhesive to cells in order to enable suspension culture.
- Examples of non-adhesive culture vessels include those whose surfaces have not been artificially treated (e.g., coated with an extracellular matrix, etc.) to improve adhesion to cells.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is about 30 to 40°C, preferably about 37°C, and culture is performed in an atmosphere of CO2 -containing air, with the CO2 concentration being preferably about 2 to 5%.
- the method of the present invention allows the production of target cells over a long period of time, so the culture period is not particularly limited, but is usually 2 days or more (e.g., 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 20 days or more) and 100 days or less (e.g., 90 days, 80 days, 70 days, 60 days or less).
- the method of the present invention allows the proliferation of pancreatic endoderm cells for more than 100 days, so the culture period may be longer than 100 days (e.g., 110 days, 120 days or more).
- the cell culture density is not particularly limited as long as the cells can grow, and is usually 1.0 ⁇ 10 2 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells/cm 2 , preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 6 cells/cm 2 , and more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 to 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells/cm 2 .
- the pancreatic endoderm cells used in the method of the present invention may be cells isolated from a living body or commercially available cell lines, but are preferably cells derived from pluripotent stem cells.
- the pancreatic endoderm cells used as starting cells in the method of the present invention are cells derived from a patient with a hereditary pancreatic disease.
- pancreatic diseases include acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pancreatic tumors, and Langerhans islet tumors, and among pancreatic diseases, diseases caused by genetic abnormalities are hereditary pancreatic diseases.
- hereditary pancreatic diseases include, but are not limited to, hereditary pancreatitis, familial pancreatic tumors, and cystic fibrosis.
- the pancreatic endoderm cells derived from a patient with a hereditary pancreatic disease may be isolated from the patient, but are preferably pancreatic endoderm cells prepared by initializing somatic cells derived from the patient to establish iPS cells and inducing differentiation from the iPS cells by a method known per se.
- Pancreatic endoderm cells derived from patients with hereditary pancreatic diseases, and cells induced to differentiate from these cells, such as ⁇ -like cells, can be used as pancreatic disease models that reflect the pathology of the disease, and are therefore suitable for, for example, screening of therapeutic or preventive drugs for pancreatic diseases.
- pluripotent stem cells refer to stem cells that can differentiate into tissues and cells with various different morphologies and functions in the body, and have the ability to differentiate into cells of any lineage of the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm).
- pluripotent stem cells used in the present invention include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells), embryonic stem cells derived from cloned embryos obtained by nuclear transfer (ntES cells), multipotent germline stem cells (mGS cells), and embryonic germline stem cells (EG cells), but preferably iPS cells (more preferably human iPS cells).
- the pluripotent stem cells are ES cells or any cells derived from human embryos, the cells may be cells produced by destroying the embryo or cells produced without destroying the embryo, but preferably cells produced without destroying the embryo.
- ES cells are stem cells that are pluripotent and have the ability to proliferate through self-renewal and are established from the inner cell mass of early mammalian embryos (e.g. blastocysts) such as humans and mice.
- ES cells were discovered in mice in 1981 (M.J. Evans and M.H. Kaufman (1981), Nature 292:154-156), and subsequently ES cell lines were established in humans, monkeys, and other primates (J.A. Thomson et al. (1998), Science 282:1145-1147; J.A. Thomson et al. (1999), Science 282:1145-1147). (1995), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92:7844-7848; J.A.
- ES cells can be established by extracting the inner cell mass from the blastocyst of a fertilized egg of a target animal and culturing the inner cell mass on fibroblast feeders.
- ES cells can be established using only a single blastomere from an embryo at the cleavage stage prior to the blastocyst stage (Chung Y. et al. (2008), Cell Stem Cell 2: 113-117) or from developmentally arrested embryos (Zhang X. et al. (2006), Stem Cells 24: 2669-2676.).
- nt ES cells are ES cells derived from cloned embryos produced by nuclear transfer technology and have almost the same properties as ES cells derived from fertilized eggs (Wakayama T. et al. (2001), Science, 292:740-743; S. Wakayama et al. (2005), Biol. Reprod., 72:932-936; Byrne J. et al. (2007), Nature, 450:497-502).
- nt ES (nuclear transfer ES) cells are ES cells established from the inner cell mass of blastocysts derived from cloned embryos obtained by replacing the nucleus of an unfertilized egg with that of a somatic cell.
- nt ES cells To generate nt ES cells, a combination of nuclear transfer technology (Cibelli J.B. et al. (1998), Nature Biotechnol., 16:642-646) and ES cell generation technology (mentioned above) is used (Wakayama Sayaka et al. (2008), Experimental Medicine, Vol. 26, No. 5 (special issue), pp. 47-52).
- nuclear transfer the nucleus of a somatic cell is injected into an enucleated unfertilized mammalian egg, which can then be initialized by culturing for several hours.
- ES cell lines used in the present invention for example, various mouse ES cell lines established by inGenious targeting laboratory, RIKEN (Riken) and the like can be used for mouse ES cells, and for human ES cell lines, for example, various human ES cell lines established by University of Wisconsin, NIH, RIKEN, Kyoto University, National Center for Child Health and Development, Cellartis and the like can be used.
- human ES cell lines include CHB-1 to CHB-12 strains, RUES1 strain, RUES2 strain, HUES1 to HUES28 strains, etc. distributed by ESI Bio, H1 strain, H9 strain, etc. distributed by WiCell Research, and KhES-1 strain, KhES-2 strain, KhES-3 strain, KhES-4 strain, KhES-5 strain, SSES1 strain, SSES2 strain, SSES3 strain, etc. distributed by RIKEN.
- iPS cells are cells obtained by reprogramming mammalian somatic cells or undifferentiated stem cells by introducing specific factors (nuclear reprogramming factors).
- iPSCs established by Yamanaka et al. by introducing four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, into mouse fibroblasts (Takahashi K, Yamanaka S., Cell, (2006) 126: 663-676); human cell-derived iPSCs established by introducing the same four factors into human fibroblasts (Takahashi K, Yamanaka S., et al.
- Nanog-iPSCs established by selecting using the expression of Nanog as an indicator after introducing the above four factors (Okita, K., Ichisaka, T., and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Nature 448, 313-317.); and iPSCs created by a method that does not include c-Myc (Nakagawa M, Yamanaka S., et al. Nature Biotechnology, (2008) 26, 101-106), iPSCs established by introducing six factors using a virus-free method (Okita K et al. Nat. Methods 2011 May;8(5):409-12, Okita K et al. Stem Cells. 31(3):458-66.), etc.
- induced pluripotent stem cells established by introducing four factors, OCT3/4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28, produced by Thomson et al. (Yu J., Thomson JA. et al., Science (2007) 318: 1917-1920.), induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Daley et al. (Park IH, Daley GQ. et al., Nature (2007) 451: 141-146), induced pluripotent stem cells produced by Sakurada et al. (JP Patent Publication No. 2008-307007), etc. can also be used.
- iPSC lines As induced pluripotent stem cell lines, various iPSC lines established by NIH, RIKEN, Kyoto University, etc. can be used.
- human iPSC lines include RIKEN's HiPS-RIKEN-1A line, HiPS-RIKEN-2A line, HiPS-RIKEN-12A line, Nips-B2 line, etc., and Kyoto University's 253G1 line, 253G4 line, 1201C1 line, 1205D1 line, 1210B2 line, 1383D2 line, 1383D6 line, 201B7 line, 409B2 line, 454E2 line, 585A1 line, 606A1 line, 610B1 line, 648A1 line, 1231A3 line, FfI-01s04 line, etc., with the 585A1 line being preferred.
- mGS cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from the testis and are the source of spermatogenesis. Like ES cells, these cells can be induced to differentiate into cells of various lineages, and have the property that, for example, when transplanted into mouse blastocysts, chimeric mice can be produced (Kanatsu-Shinohara M. et al. (2003) Biol. Reprod., 69:612-616; Shinohara K. et al. (2004), Cell, 119:1001-1012).
- GDNF glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
- EG cells are established from primordial germ cells during the fetal period and have pluripotency similar to that of ES cells. They can be established by culturing primordial germ cells in the presence of substances such as LIF, bFGF, and stem cell factor (Matsui Y. et al. (1992), Cell, 70:841-847; J.L. Resnick et al. (1992), Nature, 359:550-551).
- the species from which the pluripotent stem cells are derived is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, cells from rodents such as rats, mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs; lagomorphs such as rabbits; ungulates such as pigs, cows, goats, and sheep; felines such as dogs and cats; and primates such as humans, monkeys, rhesus monkeys, marmosets, orangutans, and chimpanzees.
- the preferred species is human.
- Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic endoderm cells can be induced by known methods such as those described in Toyoda T, et al. Stem Cell Reports 2017, Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2, and International Publication No. 2017/047797. Specifically, for example, A) inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into definitive endoderm cells; B) inducing differentiation of definitive endoderm cells into primitive intestinal cells; C) inducing differentiation of primitive intestinal cells into posterior foregut cells; D) Differentiation can be induced by a method including a step of inducing differentiation from posterior foregut cells to pancreatic endoderm cells.
- the basal medium and medium additives used in steps A) to D) may be the same as those used in the production method of the present invention.
- the culture temperature in steps A) to D) is usually about 30 to 40°C, preferably about 37°C, and the culture is performed in an atmosphere of CO2- containing air, with the CO2 concentration being preferably about 2 to 5%.
- Steps A) to D) are preferably performed by adhesion culture.
- the definition and method of adhesion culture are as described above.
- the differentiation into definitive endoderm cells in step A) can be carried out, for example, by culturing pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing a low dose of activin A.
- the medium may further contain a ROCK inhibitor and a GSK3 ⁇ inhibitor.
- the culture period is usually 2 to 8 days.
- the concentration of activin A in the medium used in step A) is, for example, 5 to 1000 ng/mL, preferably 20 to 500 ng/mL, and more preferably 50 to 150 ng/mL.
- GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors used in step A) include, for example, CHIR98014, CHIR99021, TDZD-8, SB216763, TWS-119, kenpaullone, 1-azakempaullone, SB216763, SB415286, AR-AO144-18, CT99021, and CT20026.
- CHIR99021 is preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.5 to 5 ⁇ M, preferably 1 to 4 ⁇ M.
- the ROCK inhibitor used in step A) may be the same as the ROCK inhibitor used in the production method of the present invention.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 1 to 20 ⁇ M, preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ M.
- Insulin can be further added to the medium.
- the concentration of insulin in the medium is usually 0.01 to 20 ⁇ M, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, and more preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of insulin in the medium may be the concentration of insulin contained in the added B-27 supplement, but is not limited to this.
- the differentiation into primitive intestinal cells in step B) can be carried out, for example, by culturing the definitive endoderm cells obtained in step A) in a medium containing a growth factor.
- the culture period is usually 2 to 8 days.
- EGF EGF, KGF, and FGF10 are preferred, EGF and/or KGF are more preferred, and KGF is even more preferred.
- the concentration of the growth factor in the medium is appropriately set depending on the type of growth factor used, but is usually about 0.1 nM to 1000 ⁇ M, preferably about 0.1 nM to 100 ⁇ M. In the case of EGF, the concentration is about 5 to 2000 ng/ml (i.e., about 0.8 to 320 nM), preferably about 5 to 1000 ng/ml (i.e., about 0.8 to 160 nM), more preferably about 10 to 1000 ng/ml (i.e., about 1.6 to 160 nM).
- the concentration is about 5 to 2000 ng/ml (i.e., about 0.3 to 116 nM), preferably about 10 to 1000 ng/ml (i.e., about 0.6 to 58 nM), more preferably about 10 to 1000 ng/ml (i.e., about 0.6 to 58 nM).
- the concentration is usually 5 to 150 ng/mL, preferably 30 to 100 ng/mL, and particularly preferably about 50 ng/mL.
- the differentiation into posterior foregut cells in step C) can be carried out, for example, by culturing the primitive intestinal cells obtained in step B) in a medium containing a growth factor, a retinoic acid receptor agonist such as a retinoic acid derivative, a Hedgehog signal inhibitor, and a BMP inhibitor.
- the culture period is usually 1 to 5 days.
- step C The types and concentrations of growth factors used in step C) are as described in step B).
- retinoic acid receptor agonist examples include retinoic acid (all-trans-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid (Cas No: 302-79-4)), retinoic acid salts, retinoic acid precursors, and retinoic acid derivatives.
- retinoic acid salts include sodium retinoic acid, potassium retinoic acid, and calcium retinoic acid.
- retinoic acid precursors include ⁇ -carotene, retinol esters, retinol, and retinal.
- Retinoic acid derivatives refer to artificially modified retinoic acids that retain the functions of natural retinoic acid, such as 4-[[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)carbonyl]amino]-benzoic acid (AM580) (Tamura K, et al., Cell Differ. Dev. 32: 17-26 (1990)), 4-[(1E)-2-( Examples include 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propen-1-yl]-benzoic acid (TTNPB) (Strickland S, et al., Cancer Res.
- TTNPB 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propen-1-yl
- TTNPB retinol palmitate, retinol, retinal, 3-dehydroretinoic acid, 3-dehydroretinol, and 3-dehydroretinal.
- TTNPB is preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 1 to 50 nM, preferably 5 to 15 nM.
- Hedgehog pathway inhibitors used in step C) include, for example, cyclopamine, jervine, 3-Keto-N-(aminoethyl-aminocaproyl-dihydro-cinnamoyl) (KAAD)-cyclopamine, CUR-61414, SANT-1, SANT-2, SANT-3, SANT-4, IPI-926, IPI-269609, GDC-0449 and NVP-LDE-225.
- SANT-1 is preferred.
- concentration in the medium is usually 100 to 500 nM, preferably 50 to 150 nM.
- BMP inhibitors used in step C include protein inhibitors such as Chordin, Noggin, and Follistatin, Dorsomorphin (i.e., 6-[4-(2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)phenyl]-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine) and its derivatives (P. B. Yu et al. (2007), Circulation, 116:II_60; P. B. Yu et al. (2008), Nat. Chem. Biol., 4:33-41; J. Hao et al. (2008), PLoS ONE, 3(8):e2904) and LDN-193189.
- LDN-193189 is preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 10 to 1000 nM, preferably 100 to 300 nM.
- the differentiation into pancreatic endoderm cells in step D) can be carried out, for example, by culturing the posterior foregut cells obtained in step C) in a medium containing a growth factor and a BMP inhibitor.
- the medium may also contain a non-muscle myosin II inhibitor, a TGF ⁇ inhibitor, nicotinamide, etc.
- the culture period is usually 2 to 10 days.
- the posterior foregut cells obtained in step C) may be treated with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA, dispersed by pipetting, and then suspended by centrifuging the 0.25% trypsin-EDTA, as previously reported (Toyoda et al., Stem Cell Research (2015) 14, 185-197).
- step D The types and concentrations of the growth factors and BMP inhibitors used in step D) are as described in steps B) and C).
- non-muscle myosin II inhibitors used in step D) include blebbistatin A3, Calphostin C, Goe6976, Goe7874, Fasudil/HA1077, Hypericin, K-252a, KT5823, ML-7, ML-9, piceatannol, Staurosporine, W-5, W-7, W-12, W-13, and Wortmannin.
- blebbistatin is preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is 1 ⁇ M to 200 ⁇ M, preferably 10 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M.
- the TGF ⁇ inhibitor used in step D) is a substance that inhibits signal transduction from the binding of TGF ⁇ to the receptor to SMAD, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance that inhibits binding to the ALK family receptor, or a substance that inhibits phosphorylation of SMAD by the ALK family.
- ALK5 inhibitor II (2-[3-[6-Methylpyridine-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-yl]-1,5-naphthyridine; CAS: 446859-33-2), TGF ⁇ RI kinase inhibitor VIII (6-[2-tert-butyl-5-[6-methyl-pyridine-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-quinoxaline), DMH1 and derivatives thereof.
- ALK5 inhibitor II may be preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.1 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 ⁇ M to 20 ⁇ M.
- the concentration of nicotinamide in the medium used in step D) is usually 1 mM to 100 mM, preferably 5 mM to 50 mM.
- the first day of culture in step D) may be performed in the presence of a ROCK inhibitor, and thereafter culture may be performed in a medium that does not contain a ROCK inhibitor.
- the ROCK inhibitor may be the same as that used in the production method of the present invention.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 1 to 20 ⁇ M, preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ M.
- the method of the present invention may include a step of culturing pancreatic endoderm cells in a medium containing an expansion culture promoting factor.
- expansion culture promoting factors include TGF ⁇ inhibitors, retinoic acid receptor agonists, growth factors (e.g., NGF, ⁇ cellurin, TGF ⁇ , PDGFAA, LIF, IGF-1, FGF9, FGF10, etc.), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) (e.g., BMP4, BMP7, etc.), etc., among which TGF ⁇ inhibitors and retinoic acid receptor agonists are preferred. More specific examples of expansion culture promoting factors include those shown in Figure 7. Only one type of expansion culture promoting factor may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the medium in the production method of the present invention contains a TGF ⁇ inhibitor and/or a retinoic acid receptor agonist, but preferably contains both a TGF ⁇ inhibitor and a retinoic acid receptor agonist.
- the same TGF ⁇ inhibitor as used in step D) can be used.
- the TGF ⁇ inhibitor among others, ALK5 inhibitor II, SB431542, A-83-01, LY2109761, and DMH1 are preferred, and ALK5 inhibitor II is more preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.1 ⁇ M to 50 ⁇ M, more preferably 1 ⁇ M to 20 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 10 ⁇ M.
- the same retinoic acid receptor agonist as that used in step C) can be used.
- the retinoic acid receptor agonist among others, retinoic acid and TTNPB are preferred, and retinoic acid is more preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 100 nM to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably 500 nM to 5 ⁇ M. In one embodiment, it is 1 ⁇ M.
- pancreatic endoderm cells obtained by the method of the present invention are also provided.
- pancreatic endoderm cells have the ability to differentiate at least into ⁇ -like cells, and express at least PDX1 and NKX6.1.
- the pancreatic endoderm cells may further express one or more gene markers such as SOX9 and GATA4.
- expressing various gene markers such as PDX1 or being “positive” for said markers is used to mean at least "production of mRNA encoded by the gene," but preferably also means “production of protein encoded by the mRNA.” Therefore, when production of mRNA encoded by the gene is detected at least by quantitative RT-PCR, it can be said that the gene is expressed. On the other hand, when production of mRNA encoded by the gene is not detected by quantitative RT-PCR (i.e., below the detection limit) or is at background levels, it can be said that the gene is not expressed or is negative.
- pancreatic endoderm cell expansion culture kit The present invention further provides a pancreatic endoderm cell expansion culture kit (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the "expansion culture kit of the present invention") that contains a ROCK inhibitor and KGF and/or EGF.
- the "pancreatic endoderm cell expansion culture kit” can also be read as a “pancreatic endoderm cell proliferation kit” or a “pancreatic endoderm cell production kit.”
- the expansion culture kit of the present invention preferably contains nicotinamide.
- the expansion culture kit of the present invention preferably contains a TGF ⁇ inhibitor and/or a retinoic acid receptor agonist.
- the expansion culture kit of the present invention may also contain at least one of a basal medium, a medium additive, a culture vessel, pancreatic endoderm cells and their precursor cells (e.g., pluripotent stem cells, definitive endoderm cells, primitive gut cells, posterior foregut cells, etc.).
- a basal medium e.g., a basal medium
- pancreatic endoderm cells and their precursor cells e.g., pluripotent stem cells, definitive endoderm cells, primitive gut cells, posterior foregut cells, etc.
- precursor cells e.g., pluripotent stem cells, definitive endoderm cells, primitive gut cells, posterior foregut cells, etc.
- ROCK inhibitors retinoic acid receptor agonists
- the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention have at least the ability to differentiate into ⁇ -like cells. Therefore, in another embodiment, a method for producing ⁇ -like cells or precursor cells thereof (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the "method for producing ⁇ -like cells of the present invention"), which includes a step of inducing differentiation of the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention into ⁇ -like cells or precursor cells thereof, and a ⁇ -like cell or precursor cell obtained by the method (hereinafter, also referred to as the " ⁇ -like cell of the present invention”) are provided.
- a method for producing ⁇ -like cells or precursor cells thereof which includes a step of inducing differentiation of the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention into ⁇ -like cells or precursor cells thereof, and a ⁇ -like cell or precursor cell obtained by the method.
- precursor cells of ⁇ -like cells include endocrine cells expressing NGN3, immature ⁇ cells expressing insulin and NKX6.1, etc. From the viewpoint of clinical use, it is preferable that all steps of the method for producing ⁇ -like cells of the present invention are carried out under feeder-free and xeno-free conditions.
- Step E) a step of inducing differentiation from the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention into endocrine precursor cells; and Step F) a step of inducing differentiation from the endocrine precursor cells into ⁇ -like cells.
- Differentiation can be induced by a method including the steps of:
- the basal medium and medium additives used in steps E) and F) may be the same as those used in the production method of the present invention.
- the culture temperature in steps E) and F) is usually about 30 to 40°C, preferably about 37°C, and the culture is performed in an atmosphere of CO2- containing air, with a CO2 concentration of preferably about 2 to 5%.
- Steps E) and F) are preferably performed by suspension culture.
- the definition and method of suspension culture are as described in "1. Method for producing pancreatic endoderm cells" above.
- the differentiation into endocrine precursor cells in step E) can be carried out, for example, by culturing the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention in a medium containing a ⁇ -secretase inhibitor and a TGF ⁇ inhibitor.
- the medium may contain thyroid hormone, growth factors, hedgehog pathway inhibitors, retinoic acid derivatives, BMP inhibitors, etc.
- the culture period is usually 1 to 5 days.
- TGF ⁇ inhibitors The types and concentrations of the TGF ⁇ inhibitors, growth factors, hedgehog pathway inhibitors, retinoic acid derivatives, and BMP inhibitors used in step E) are as described in steps C) and D) above.
- ⁇ -secretase inhibitors used in step E) include RO4929097, DAPT (GSI-IX), Semagacestat (LY450139), and Dibenzazepine (YO-01027).
- RO4929097 is preferred.
- the concentration in the medium is usually 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ M.
- Thyroid hormones used in step E) include, for example, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Of these, triiodothyronine is preferred. When triiodothyronine is used, the concentration in the medium is usually 0.1 to 10 ⁇ M, preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ M.
- the differentiation into ⁇ -like cells in step F) can be carried out, for example, by culturing the endocrine precursor cells obtained in step E) in a medium used in step E) from which a ⁇ -secretase inhibitor has been removed.
- the culture period is usually 4 to 10 days.
- pancreatic exocrine cells can be produced from the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention by a method known per se.
- the method described in WO 2014/104403 can be mentioned as such a method.
- the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention can be produced by culturing the pancreatic endoderm cells in a culture medium to which a histone deacetylase inhibitor and/or a ligand protein for Notch signaling, and a protein kinase C activator have been added.
- the contents of WO 2014/104403 are fully incorporated by reference with respect to the specific types and production methods of histone deacetylase inhibitors, ligand proteins for Notch signaling, and protein kinase C activators.
- the pancreatic endoderm cells of the present invention and the ⁇ -like cells of the present invention may be induced to differentiate into pancreatic islet-like cells by transplanting them into a mammalian living body. Therefore, the cells of the present invention can be suitably used in cell transplantation therapy, and therefore, in another aspect of the present invention, a cell transplantation therapeutic agent (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as the "cell transplantation therapeutic agent of the present invention") containing the cells of the present invention is provided.
- the present invention also includes a method for treating pancreatic diseases in which an effective amount of the cells of the present invention is administered or transplanted into a mammalian subject (e.g., human, mouse, rat, monkey, cow, horse, pig, dog, etc.).
- pancreatic diseases to be treated include acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pancreatic tumors, and Langerhans islet tumors.
- the cells or cell transplantation therapeutic agent of the present invention can be transplanted into the living body of a patient who needs it.
- the transplantation is preferably performed in an area of the living body where the cells can be fixed at a certain position, for example, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, in the peritoneal epithelium, omentum, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, or under the capsule of each organ such as the pancreas or kidney.
- Subcutaneous transplantation which is less invasive, is preferable.
- the cells to be transplanted should be administered in a therapeutically effective amount, which may vary depending on factors such as the age, weight, size of the transplantation site, and severity of the disease of the transplantation subject, and is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 10 x 104 cells to 10 x 1011 cells.
- the cells of the present invention are used in cell transplantation therapy, it is desirable to use cells derived from iPS cells established from somatic cells with the same or substantially the same HLA genotype of the recipient individual, from the viewpoint of preventing rejection reactions.
- substantially the same means that the HLA genotype matches the transplanted cells to such an extent that immune reactions can be suppressed with immunosuppressants, for example, somatic cells with an HLA type that matches the three loci HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR, or four loci including HLA-C. If sufficient cells cannot be obtained due to age, constitution, or other reasons, they can be transplanted in a state in which they are embedded in capsules such as polyethylene glycol or silicone, or in porous containers, to avoid rejection reactions.
- the cells of the present invention are manufactured into parenteral formulations such as injections, suspensions, and drips by mixing with a medicamentically acceptable carrier according to conventional methods.
- a method for manufacturing a cell transplantation therapy which includes a step of formulating the cells of the present invention.
- Such a manufacturing method may include a step of preparing the cells of the present invention. It may further include a step of preserving the cells of the present invention.
- medicamentously acceptable carriers examples include aqueous solutions for injection, such as physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose and other adjuvants (e.g., D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.).
- aqueous solutions for injection such as physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose and other adjuvants (e.g., D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, sodium chloride, etc.).
- the cell transplantation therapy of the present invention may be compounded with, for example, buffers (e.g., phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer), soothing agents (e.g., benzalkonium chloride, procaine hydrochloride, etc.), stabilizers (e.g., human serum albumin, polyethylene glycol, etc.), preservatives, antioxidants, etc.
- buffers e.g., phosphate buffer, sodium acetate buffer
- soothing agents e.g., benzalkon
- the cell transplantation therapeutic agent of the present invention is provided in a frozen state under conditions normally used for cryopreservation of cells, and can be thawed when in use.
- it may further contain serum or a substitute thereof, an organic solvent (e.g., DMSO), etc.
- an organic solvent e.g., DMSO
- the concentration of serum or a substitute thereof is not particularly limited, but may be about 1 to about 30% (v/v), preferably about 5 to about 20% (v/v).
- the concentration of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but may be 0 to about 50% (v/v), preferably about 5 to about 20% (v/v).
- the cells were replated at 2 ⁇ 10 5 /well in a 24-well plate.
- the following medium was added to the cultured cells and cultured for one week.
- the medium for the control group was improved MEM supplemented with 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement, 100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin, 100 ng/ml KGF/FGF7, 50 ng/ml EGF and 10 mM Nicotinamide.
- the medium for the intervention group was the above medium supplemented with Y-27632, Terreic acid, Daidzein, PD98059, Metformin, BPTES, ABT263, ARV825 or 17-DMAG, and cultured for one week in the same manner.
- ⁇ -gal staining and NKX6.1 antibody immunostaining were performed, and fluorescent staining images were obtained using BZ-800 (Keyence).
- the number of NKX6.1 positive cells, the NKX6.1 positive rate, and the ⁇ -gal positive rate were calculated using the BZ-H4CM/macro cell count function of the same microscope. The outline of this procedure is shown in Figures 2-A and 3-A.
- Expansion culture promotion reagent screening Cells on the 21st day of expansion culture were cultured for 6 days using a medium containing Y-27632 plus various growth factors and small molecule compounds. The rest of the procedure was the same as for the senescence-related reagent screening.
- Expansion culture of PDX1 + /NKX6.1 + pancreatic endoderm cells 1.
- Preparation of PDX1 + /NKX6.1 + pancreatic endoderm cells Using the method of Toyoda et al. (Toyoda T, et al. Stem Cell Reports 2017), PDX1 + /NKX6.1 + pancreatic endoderm cells were prepared from iPS cells (585A1 line) or ES cells (KhES-3 line) in a 6-well plate. Briefly, the above undifferentiated cells were seeded at 1 x 10 6 /well in a 6-well plate coated with iMatrix-511 silk.
- the cells were cultured in S1 medium (RPMI supplemented with 1x B-27 supplement, 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 100 ng/ml activin A, and CHIR99021 (day 1: 3 ⁇ M, days 2-3: 1 ⁇ M, day 4: 0 ⁇ M)) for 4 days, in S2 medium (improved MEM supplemented with 0.5x B-27 supplement, 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, and 50 ng/ml KGF/FGF7) for 5 days, and in S3 medium (improved MEM supplemented with 0.5x B-27 supplement, 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 50 ng/ml KGF/FGF7, 0.2 ⁇ M LDN-193189, 0.1 ⁇ M SANT-1, and 10 nM TTNPB) for 2 days.
- S1 medium RPMI supplemented with 1x B-27 supplement, 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 100
- the cells were detached from the 6-well plate using trypsin and replated at 1.5 ⁇ 106 /well on a 6-well plate coated with iMatrix-511 silk in S3 medium. The next day, the medium was changed to S4 medium (improved MEM supplemented with 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement, 100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin, 100 ng/ml KGF/FGF7, 50 ng/ml EGF, 10 mM Nicotinamide, and 50 ⁇ M Y-27632) and cultured for 4 days.
- S4 medium improved MEM supplemented with 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement, 100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin, 100 ng/ml KGF/FGF7, 50 ng/ml EGF, 10 mM Nicotinamide, and 50 ⁇ M Y-27632
- the cells were suspended in Improved MEM (containing 10 ⁇ M Y-27632, 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin) and the number of cells was counted.
- Improved MEM containing 10 ⁇ M Y-27632, 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin
- the necessary amount of suspension was collected to obtain 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells/well and centrifuged at 400G for 3 minutes (when seeding in a 24-well plate, 2 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well).
- the cells were resuspended in improved MEM (containing 100 ng/ml KGF, 50 ng/ml EGF, 10 mM Nicotinamide, 50 ⁇ M Y-27632, 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement, and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin) to obtain a suspension of 2 ml/well, and the cells were seeded.
- improved MEM containing 100 ng/ml KGF, 50 ng/ml EGF, 10 mM Nicotinamide, 50 ⁇ M Y-27632, 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement, and 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin
- the 6-well plate to be seeded with cells was coated with a mixture of 10 ⁇ l of iMatrix-511 silk and 1.5 ml of PBS(-) per well one hour before seeding, and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO 2 for one hour.
- Non-Patent Document 1 After the expansion culture, the method of Kimura et al. (Non-Patent Document 1) was modified to induce differentiation into ⁇ -like cells . Briefly, pancreatic endoderm cells were detached from a 6-well plate using trypsin and then suspended in S4 medium at 3 ⁇ 10 5 cells/ml. The cells were seeded in a v-bottom 96-well plate at 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells/100 ⁇ l/well.
- the medium was changed to S5 medium (improved MEM supplemented with 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement, 100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin, 10 ⁇ M ALK5 inhibitor II (CAS:446859-33-2), 1 ⁇ M triiodothyronine (T3), 1 ⁇ M RO4929097, and 20 ng/ml Betacellulin) and cultured for 1 week. Thereafter, the medium was replaced with S6 medium (improved MEM supplemented with 0.5 ⁇ B-27 supplement, 100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycin, 10 ⁇ M ALK5 inhibitor II, and 1 ⁇ M T3) and cultured for another week.
- S5 medium improved MEM supplemented with 0.5 ⁇ B-27 Supplement, 100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin, 10 ⁇ M ALK5 inhibitor II (CAS:446859-33-2), 1 ⁇ M triiodothyronine (T3), 1 ⁇ M RO4929097, and 20 ng/m
- Evaluation method 1 Immunostaining The expanded cultured cells were washed twice with PBS(-) and fixed with 4% PFA for 20 minutes at 4°C. Blocking was performed for 30 minutes at room temperature using blocking solution (PBS(-) containing 5% donkey serum and 0.4% Triton X-100). Incubation was performed overnight at 4°C using primary antibody solution diluted with blocking solution. After washing the primary antibody solution, incubation was performed for one hour at room temperature using fluorescent secondary antibody solution diluted with blocking solution. Immunofluorescent staining images were obtained using BZ-710 or BZ-800 (Keyence).
- the expanded cells were dissociated with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA and fixed using the Cytofix/Cytoperm Kit (BD Biosciences) according to the protocol. Blocking was performed with permeabilization solution containing 2% donkey serum. The cells were incubated overnight at 4°C using a primary antibody solution diluted in blocking solution. After washing the primary antibody solution, the cells were incubated for one hour at room temperature using a fluorescent secondary antibody solution diluted in blocking solution. The stained cells were analyzed using a FACSAriaII (BD Biosciences).
- Example 1 Search for a reagent capable of proliferating pancreatic endoderm cells Among senescence-related reagents, a search was conducted for a reagent capable of proliferating pancreatic endoderm cells derived from human iPS cells.
- senescence-related reagents Y-27632, Terreic Acid, Daidzein, PD98059, Metformin, BPTES, BPTES, ABT263, ARV825, and 17-DMAG were selected, and S4d4 cells containing NKX6.1 + pancreatic endoderm cells were cultured in a medium containing each senescence-related reagent, and (1) the number of NKX6.1 positive cells, or (2) the proportion of NKX6.1 positive cells and the proportion of ⁇ gal positive cells after culture were measured. The results are shown in Figures 2-B to 2-D.
- Figure 2-B shows that while other senescence-related reagents do not significantly increase pancreatic endoderm cells, Y-27632 significantly increases the target cells, and that 50 ⁇ M is the most suitable concentration of Y-27632 for proliferation.
- Figure 2-C shows that, as in Figure 2-B, Y-27632 50 ⁇ M was the most effective when the percentage of pancreatic endoderm cells was used as the outcome.
- Figure 2-D also shows that the use of Y-27632 was effective in reducing the percentage of ⁇ -gal positive cells (senescent cells).
- Example 2 Verification of the proliferation effect of ROCK inhibitors other than Y-27632 on pancreatic endoderm cells Since the proliferation effect of ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on pancreatic endoderm cells was confirmed in Example 1, it was verified whether other ROCK inhibitors could also be used to proliferate human iPS cell-derived PDX1 + /NKX6.1 + pancreatic endoderm cells. The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Figures 3-B and 3-C.
- ROCK inhibitors other than Y-27632 also had the same proliferation effect on pancreatic endoderm cells as Y-27632.
- ROCK inhibitors exert a broad effect on pancreatic endoderm cell proliferation, regardless of the type of cell.
- Example 3 Verification of expansion culture of pancreatic endoderm cells using Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M) It was verified whether or not pancreatic endoderm cells derived from human iPS cells can be expanded by using Y-27632. The results are shown in Figures 4-B to 4-H. From Figure 4-B, it was confirmed that the total number of cells increased by 1 x 10 5 times or more in 60 days by performing expansion culture using Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M). From Figure 4-C, it was confirmed that the number of PDX1 + /NKX6.1 + pancreatic endoderm cells increased by 1 x 10 5 times or more in 60 days by performing expansion culture using Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M).
- pancreatic endoderm cells can be expanded very efficiently for at least 60 days using Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M), and that the pancreatic endoderm cells maintain their ability to differentiate into ⁇ -like cells after expansion.
- Example 4 Verification of expansion culture of pancreatic endoderm cells by Y-27632 when the concentration was changed
- Example 3 it was demonstrated that expansion culture of pancreatic endoderm cells was possible by using 50 ⁇ M Y-27632, so the effect on expansion culture was verified when the concentration was reduced to 10 ⁇ M.
- the results are shown in Figures 5-A to 5-C.
- Figure 5-A when Y-27632 (10 ⁇ M) was used, it was confirmed that the number of PDX1 + /NKX6.1 + pancreatic endoderm cells and the total number of cells increased to about 1 ⁇ 10 4 times in 40 days, as in the case of using Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M).
- Example 5 Verification of the mechanism by which Y-27632 enables the expansion of pancreatic endoderm cells The mechanism by which Y-27632 enables the expansion of pancreatic endoderm cells was verified.
- the group not administered Y-27632 showed an increase in ⁇ -SMA positive cells compared to the group administered Y-27632 at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M ( Figure 6).
- administration of Y-27632 to cells suppressed fibrosis or epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
- Example 6 Search for a reagent that promotes the proliferation of pancreatic endoderm cells.
- the expansion culture medium using Y-27632 the NKX6.1 positive rate and the induction efficiency into ⁇ -like cells tended to gradually decrease with repeated induction. Therefore, we performed screening using proteins such as growth factors and low molecular weight compounds to try to improve the expansion culture method.
- Pancreatic endoderm cells were passaged three times using medium containing Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M), and then seeded at 2.0 ⁇ 105 cells/well on a 24-well plate coated with iMatrix. Each screening reagent was added to the medium containing Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M) and cultured. After 6 days, the percentage of NKX6.1-positive cells was examined by cell immunostaining. As a result, ALK5 inhibitors (ALK5i) and retinoic acid receptor agonists were identified as candidate factors for improving expansion culture (Figure 7).
- Example 7 Verification of ALK5 inhibitors (ALK5i) and retinoic acid receptor agonists We attempted to determine whether long-term expansion culture was possible while maintaining the NKX6.1 positive rate by adding the two candidate factors to the expansion culture method using Y-27632 (50 ⁇ M).
- Pancreatic endoderm cells were passaged once a week and the number of cells was counted. At the same time, immunostaining was performed each time to examine the NKX6.1 positive rate, and the cumulative NKX6.1 increase rate was calculated from these values. This calculation method was performed under two conditions: the "DMSO group (Y-27632 + DMSO)" and the “ALK5i + RA group (Y-27632 + ALK5i + RA)". As a result, the addition of ALK5i and RA improved proliferation efficiency while maintaining the NKX6.1 positive rate compared to the Y-27632 alone group ( Figure 8).
- Example 8 Verification of ⁇ -like cell induction efficiency In order to confirm the function of the expanded pancreatic endoderm cells, the ⁇ -like cell induction efficiency after expansion was examined.
- the expansion culture method using "Y-27632+DMSO” or "Y-27632+ALK5i+RA” was used to induce differentiation into ⁇ -like cells from pancreatic endoderm cells that had been passaged five times.
- the induction efficiency into ⁇ -like cells was then compared with cell masses induced into ⁇ -like cells from pancreatic endoderm cells that had not been passaged.
- the improved expansion culture method (“Y-27632+ALK5i+RA”) showed a higher induction efficiency into ⁇ -like cells than the unimproved expansion culture method (“Y-27632+DMSO”), and the induction efficiency was equivalent to that of pancreatic endoderm cells before expansion culture was performed (Figure 9).
- pancreatic endoderm cells produced by the present invention or pancreatic endocrine cells and exocrine pancreatic cells, including ⁇ -like cells derived from those cells can be used in the development of cell therapy for pancreatic diseases (particularly type 1 and type 2 diabetes), in drug discovery screening systems for pancreatic diseases, and in the creation of pancreatic disease models using iPS cells derived from patients with hereditary pancreatic diseases.
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Abstract
Description
[1-1]
膵内胚葉細胞を、ROCK阻害剤と、KGFおよび/またはEGFとを含む培地で培養する工程を含む、膵内胚葉細胞の製造方法。
[1-2]
前記培地がKGFおよびEGFの両方を含む、[1-1]に記載の方法。
[1-3]
前記培地がニコチンアミドを含む、[1-1]または[1-2]に記載の方法。
[2]
培養を2日間以上行う、[1-1]~[1-3]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[3]
前記ROCK阻害剤がY-27632、GSK269962、GSK429286A、ファスジル塩酸塩、H1152およびチアゾビビンからなる群から選択される、[1-1]~[2]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[4]
前記ROCK阻害剤がY-27632である、[1-1]~[2]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[5]
培地がTGFβ阻害剤および/またはレチノイン酸受容体アゴニストを含む、[1-1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[6]
前記TGFβ阻害剤が2-[3-[6-メチルピリジン-2-イル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]-1,5-ナフチリジンである、[5]に記載の方法。
[7]
前記レチノイン酸受容体アゴニストがレチノイン酸である、[5]または[6]に記載の方法。
[8]
前記膵内胚葉細胞が多能性幹細胞に由来する、[1-1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[9]
前記膵内胚葉細胞が遺伝性膵疾患の患者由来の細胞である、[1-1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[10-1]
前記培養がフィーダーフリー条件下での培養である、[1-1]~[9]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[10-2]
前記培養がゼノフリー条件下での培養である、[1-1]~[10-1]のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
[11]
[1-1]~[10-2]のいずれか1つに記載の方法により製造された膵内胚葉細胞。
[12-1]
ROCK阻害剤と、KGFおよび/またはEGFとを含む、膵内胚葉細胞拡大培養用キット。
[12-2]
KGFおよびEGFの両方を含む、[12-1]に記載のキット。
[12-3]
ニコチンアミドを含む、[12-1]または[12-2]に記載のキット。
[13-1]
TGFβ阻害剤および/またはレチノイン酸受容体アゴニストを含む、[12-1]~[12-3]のいずれか1つに記載のキット。
[13-2]
TGFβ阻害剤およびレチノイン酸受容体アゴニストの両方を含む、[13-1]に記載のキット。
[13-3]
前記TGFβ阻害剤が2-[3-[6-メチルピリジン-2-イル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]-1,5-ナフチリジンである、[13-1]または[13-2]に記載のキット。
[13-4]
前記レチノイン酸受容体アゴニストがレチノイン酸である、[13-1]~[13-3]のいずれか1つに記載のキット。
[14-1]
[11]に記載の膵内胚葉細胞をβ様細胞またはその前駆細胞へと分化誘導させる工程を含む、β様細胞またはその前駆細胞の製造方法。
[14-2]
[14-1]に記載の方法により製造された細胞。
[15]
[11]または[14-2]に記載の細胞を含む、細胞移植療法剤。
[16]
糖尿病治療のための、[15]に記載の剤。
[17-1]
哺乳動物に対して、[11]もしくは[14-2]に記載の細胞または[15]もしくは[16]に記載の剤の有効量を投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における膵疾患の治療方法。
[17-2]
膵疾患が糖尿病である、[17-1]に記載の方法。
[18-1]
膵疾患の治療における使用のための、[11]もしくは[14-2]に記載の細胞または[15]もしくは[16]に記載の剤。
[18-2]
膵疾患が糖尿病である、[18-1]に記載の細胞または剤。
[19-1]
膵疾患の治療薬の製造のための、[11]もしくは[14-2]に記載の細胞または[15]もしくは[16]に記載の剤の使用。
[19-2]
膵疾患が糖尿病である、[19-1]に記載の細胞または剤。
本発明は、ROCK阻害剤を含む培地を用いて、膵内胚葉細胞を製造する方法を提供する。具体的には、本発明は、膵内胚葉細胞を、ROCK阻害剤と、KGFおよび/またはEGFとを含む培地で培養する工程を含む、膵内胚葉細胞を製造する方法(以下、「本発明の製法」と称することがある。)を提供する。本発明の製法には、製造された膵内胚葉細胞を単離する工程が含まれていてもよい。
このほか、公開されているすべての論文(例えば、Shi Y., Ding S., et al., Cell Stem Cell, (2008) Vol3, Issue 5,568-574;、Kim JB., Scholer HR., et al., Nature, (2008) 454, 646-650;Huangfu D., Melton, DA., et al., Nature Biotechnology, (2008) 26, No 7, 795-797)、あるいは特許公報(例えば、特開2008-307007号、特開2008-283972号、US2008-2336610、US2009-047263、WO2007-069666、WO2008-118220、WO2008-124133、WO2008-151058、WO2009-006930、WO2009-006997、WO2009-007852)に記載されている当該分野で公知の人工多能性幹細胞のいずれも用いることができる。
A)多能性幹細胞から胚体内胚葉細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
B)胚体内胚葉細胞から原始腸管細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
C)原始腸管細胞から後方前腸細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
D)後方前腸細胞から膵内胚葉細胞へと分化誘導する工程
を含む方法などにより、分化誘導することができる。
さらに本発明は、ROCK阻害剤と、KGFおよび/またはEGFとを含む、膵内胚葉細胞拡大培養用キット(以下、「本発明の拡大培養用キット」と称することがある。)を提供する。「膵内胚葉細胞拡大培養用キット」は、「膵内胚葉細胞増殖用キット」あるいは「膵内胚葉細胞製造用キット」とも読み替えることができる。本発明の拡大培養用キットには、ニコチンアミドが含まれていることが好ましい。また、本発明の拡大培養用キットには、TGFβ阻害剤および/またはレチノイン酸受容体アゴニストが含まれていることも好ましい。
上述のとおり、本発明の膵内胚葉細胞は、少なくともβ様細胞への分化能を有する。従って、別の態様において、本発明の膵内胚葉細胞を、β様細胞またはその前駆細胞へと分化誘導させる工程を含む、β様細胞またはその前駆細胞の製造方法(以下、「本発明のβ様細胞の製法」と称する場合がある。)、並びに該方法で得られたβ様細胞またはその前駆細胞(以下、「本発明のβ様細胞」ともいう。)が提供される。β様細胞の前駆細胞としては、例えば、NGN3を発現する内分泌細胞、インスリンおよびNKX6.1を発現する未熟なβ細胞などが挙げられる。臨床での使用の観点から、本発明のβ様細胞の製法は、全行程をフィーダーフリーかつゼノフリー条件下で行うことが好ましい。
工程E)本発明の膵内胚葉細胞から内分泌前駆細胞へと分化誘導する工程、および
工程F)内分泌前駆細胞からβ様細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
を含む方法などにより、分化誘導することができる。
本発明の膵内胚葉細胞および本発明のβ様細胞(これらの総称として「本発明の細胞」という用語を用いることがある。)は、哺乳動物生体内に移植することによって膵島様細胞に分化誘導し得る。よって、本発明の細胞は、細胞移植療法に好適に用いることができるため、本発明の別の態様において、本発明の細胞を含有してなる、細胞移植療法剤(以下、「本発明の細胞移植療法剤」と称することがある。)が提供される。また、本発明の細胞の有効量を、治療の対象とする哺乳動物(例:ヒト、マウス、ラット、サル、ウシ、ウマ、ブタ、イヌ等)に投与または移植する、膵疾患の治療方法も、本発明に包含される。治療の対象となる膵疾患としては、例えば、急性膵炎、慢性膵炎、1型糖尿病、2型糖尿病、膵腫瘍、ランゲルハンス島腫瘍などが例示される。
老化関連試薬スクリーニング
段階的分化誘導法により膵内胚葉細胞レベルまで分化させた後に、24 well plateに2×105/wellで再播種した。それらの培養細胞に下記の培地を添加して1週間培養した。Control群の培地は、0.5×B-27 Supplement、100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin、100 ng/ml KGF/FGF7、 50 ng/ml EGFおよび10 mM Nicotinamideを添加したimproved MEMであった。Intervention群には、上記培地にY-27632、Terreic acid、Daidzein、PD98059、Metformin、BPTES、ABT263、ARV825または17-DMAGをそれぞれ加えて同様に1週間培養した。4%PFAにて固定後、β-gal染色とNKX6.1抗体免疫染色を行い、BZ-800(Keyence)を用いて蛍光染色画像を取得した。同顕微鏡のBZ-H4CM/マクロセルカウント機能を用いて、NKX6.1陽性細胞数、NKX6.1陽性割合、β-gal陽性割合を算出した。本手順の概要を図2-Aおよび3-Aに示す。
Y-27632を含む拡大培養培地に各種成長因子や小分子化合物を加えた培地を使用して、拡大培養21日目の細胞を6日間培養施行した。その他は、老化関連試薬スクリーニングと同様である。
1.PDX1+/NKX6.1+膵内胚葉細胞の作製
豊田らの方法(Toyoda T, et al. Stem Cell Reports 2017)を用いて、6 well plate に、iPS細胞(585A1株)またはES細胞(KhES-3株)からPDX1+/NKX6.1+膵内胚葉細胞を作製した。簡潔に説明すれば、iMatrix-511 silkでコーティングした6 well plateに、上記未分化細胞を1×106/wellにて播種した。S1培地(1×B-27 Supplement、100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin、100 ng/ml activin AおよびCHIR99021(1日目:3 μM, 2~3日目:1 μM,4日目:0 μM))を添加したRPMIにて4日間、S2培地(0.5×B-27 Supplement、100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycinおよび50 ng/ml KGF/FGF7を添加したimproved MEM)にて5日間、S3培地( 0.5×B-27 Supplement、100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin、50ng/ml KGF/FGF7、 0.2 μM LDN-193189、0.1 μM SANT-1および10 nM TTNPBを添加したimproved MEM)にて2日間培養を行った。6 well plateからトリプシンを用いて細胞を剥離し、再度S3培地を用いてiMatrix-511 silkでコーティングした6 well plateに1.5×106/wellで再播種した。その翌日に、S4培地(0.5×B-27 Supplement、100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin、100 ng/ml KGF/FGF7、50 ng/ml EGF、10 mM Nicotinamideおよび50 μM Y-27632を添加したimproved MEM)に培地変更して4日間培養した。
(1)上記1で作製した細胞をPBS(-)にて洗浄後、1 mlの0.25%トリプシン-EDTAを加え、5分間37℃ 5%CO2インキュベートした。(2)ピペッティングにて接着細胞を解離させて、50 mlの遠沈管に加えた。(3)遠沈管にDMEM(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium)/10%FBS/PS(Penicillin-Streptomycin)を4 ml加えた。(4)400G 3分間遠心して、上清除去した。(5)Improved MEM (10 μM Y-27632、0.5×B-27 Supplementおよび100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycinを含む)に懸濁させて細胞数をカウントした。(6)6 well plateに播種する場合は、1×106 cells/wellとなるように必要量の懸濁液を回収して400G 3分間遠心した(24 well plateに播種する場合は2×105 cells/well)。(7)上清除去後、improved MEM(100 ng/ml KGF、50 ng/ml EGF、10 mM Nicotinamide、50 μM Y-27632、0.5×B-27 Supplement、および100 U/ml penicillin/streptomycinを含む)に再懸濁し、2 ml/wellの懸濁液となるように調整して細胞を播種した。細胞播種する6 well plateは、播種1時間前に1wellあたり、iMatrix-511 silk 10 μlとPBS(-) 1.5 mlを混濁した溶液を加え、1時間37℃ 5%CO2インキュベートして、コーティングしておいた。
拡大培養後、木村らの方法(非特許文献1)を一部改変して、β様細胞へと分化誘導させた。簡潔に説明すれば、膵内胚葉細胞を6 well plateからトリプシンを用いて剥離した後に、S4培地にて3×105細胞数/mlで懸濁した。v bottom 96 well plateに、3×104細胞数/100 μl/wellで播種した。1日間、37℃ 5%CO2でインキュベートした後に、S5培地(0.5×B-27 Supplement、100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin、10 μM ALK5 inhibitor II(CAS:446859-33-2)、1 μM トリヨードチロニン(T3)、1 μM RO4929097および20 ng/ml Betacellulinを添加したimproved MEM)に変更して1週間培養した。その後、S6培地(0.5×B-27 Supplement、100 U/ml Penicillin/Streptomycin、10 μM ALK5 inhibitor IIおよび1 μM T3を添加したimproved MEM)に培地交換して更に1週間培養した。
1.免疫染色
拡大培養された細胞をPBS(-)にて2回洗浄し、4%PFAにて4℃20分間固定した。Blocking solution(5%ロバ血清と0.4%Triton X-100含有PBS(-))を用いて、30分間室温でブロッキングした。Blocking solutionにより希釈された一次抗体液を用いて、4℃一晩インキュベーションを行った。一次抗体液を洗浄後、blocking solutionにより希釈された蛍光二次抗体液を用いて、室温一時間インキュベーションを行った。BZ-710 or BZ-800(Keyence)を使用して、免疫蛍光染色画像を取得した。
拡大培養された細胞を0.25%トリプシン-EDTAにて解離させ、Cytofix/Cytoperm Kit (BD Biosciences)を用いてプロトコール通りに固定した。2%ロバ血清含有permeabilization solutionにてブロッキングを行った。ブロッキング液に希釈された一次抗体液を用いて、4℃一晩インキュベーションを行った。一次抗体液を洗浄後、blocking solutionに希釈された蛍光二次抗体液を用いて、室温一時間インキュベーションを行った。染色された細胞を、FACSAriaII(BD Biosciences)を用いて解析した。
4%PFAにて固定されたplastic bottom plate上の細胞を、Hoechstを用いて核染色を行った。BZ-800(Keyence)を使用して取得した蛍光染色画像を、CellProfillerソフトのMeasureObjectSizeShape機能を使用して、eccentricity(真円度)を含む細胞形態評価値を取得した。
ノンパラメトリックな2群間の比較手法として、Mann-Whitney U testを使用した。3群以上の比較解析には、一元配置分散分析(one way ANOVA)を用いた。ANOVAにて有意な場合は、1つのcontrol群と他のtreatment群を多重比較するためにDunnet法を使用した。P値0.05未満を有意差ありとした。
老化関連試薬の中から、ヒトiPS細胞由来の膵内胚葉細胞を増殖できる試薬の探索を行った。老化関連試薬として、Y-27632、Terreic Acid、Daidzein、PD98059、Metformin、BPTES、BPTES、ABT263、ARV825、17-DMAGを選択し、各老化関連試薬を含む培地中で、NKX6.1+膵内胚葉細胞含むS4d4細胞を培養し、培養後の(1) NKX6.1陽性細胞数、または(2) NKX6.1陽性細胞割合およびβgal陽性細胞割合を測定した。結果を図2-B~2-Dに示す。図2-Bより、他の老化関連試薬は膵内胚葉細胞を有意に増加させない一方で、Y-27632は目的細胞を有意に増加させること、およびY-27632の濃度としては50 μMが最も増殖に適していることが示された。図2-Cより、膵内胚葉細胞の割合をアウトカムとした場合でも、図2-Bと同様にY-27632 50 μMが最も効果を認めることが示された。また、図2-Dより、Y-27632を使用すると、β gal陽性細胞(老化細胞)割合に関しても減少効果を発揮することが示された。一方で、その他の老化関連試薬でもβ gal陽性細胞割合が減少しているが、図2-Bと合わせて考えると、BPTESやABT263などによるβ gal陽性細胞割合の減少は、毒性による結果と推測される。
実施例1より、ROCK阻害剤であるY-27632による膵内胚葉細胞の増殖効果が認められたため、他のROCK阻害剤でも同様にヒトiPS細胞由来PDX1+/NKX6.1+膵内胚葉細胞の増殖効果が認められるか否かを検証した。実験は、実施例1と同様に行った。結果を図3-Bおよび3-Cに示す。図3-Bおよび3-Cより、Y-27632以外のROCK阻害剤(GSK269962、GSK429286A、ファスジル塩酸塩、H1152およびチアゾビビン)においても、Y-27632と同様に膵内胚葉細胞増殖効果が認められた。
Y-27632を用いることで、ヒトiPS細胞由来の膵内胚葉細胞を拡大培養できるか否かについて検証した。結果を図4-B~4-Hに示す。図4-Bより、Y-27632 (50 μM)を用いた拡大培養を行うことにより、60日間で1×105倍以上まで総細胞数が増えることが確認された。図4-Cより、Y-27632 (50 μM)を用いた拡大培養を行うことにより、60日間で1×105倍以上までPDX1+/NKX6.1+膵内胚葉細胞数が増えることが確認された。図4-Dより、Y-27632 (50 μM)を用いた拡大培養後の細胞の免疫染色像により、細胞がPDX1およびNKX6.1の発現を維持していること、またKi67の発現も維持していることが確認された。図4-Eより、Y-27632 (50 μM)を用いた拡大培養により、膵内胚葉細胞の割合やKi67陽性割合が維持されていることが確認された。図4-Fより、Y-27632 (50 μM)を用いた拡大培養により、膵内胚葉細胞の増殖能(=Ki67陽性の割合)も維持されていることが確認された。図4-Gより、拡大培養を2回行った膵内胚葉細胞でもβ様細胞への分化能を有していることが確認された。図4-Hより、ES細胞(KhES-3株)由来の膵内胚葉細胞を用いても、同様に膵内胚葉細胞の拡大培養が可能であるが、一方で、Y-27632を使用しないと拡大培養は困難であることが確認された。
実施例3では、50 μMのY-27632を用いることで、膵内胚葉細胞の拡大培養が可能であることが実証されたため、濃度を10 μMに減らした場合における、拡大培養への影響を検証した。結果を図5-A~5-Cに示す。図5-Aより、Y-27632 (10 μM)を用いた場合も、Y-27632 (50 μM)を用いた場合と同様に、40日間で1×104倍程度にまでPDX1+/NKX6.1+膵内胚葉細胞数および総細胞数が増えることが確認された。一方で、図5-Bおよび図5-Cより、Y-27632 (10 μM)を用いた場合では、KhES-3株由来の膵内胚葉細胞を5回(5週間)継代した細胞において、細胞の形態が変化(細長く楕円形になる)することが示された。
Y-27632により、膵内胚葉細胞の拡大培養が可能となったメカニズムを検証した。拡大培養の継代3回目において、Y-27632を投与しなかった群では、50 μMの濃度でY-27632を投与した群に比べて、α-SMA陽性細胞が増加することが示された(図6)。すなわち、Y-27632を細胞に投与にすることで、線維化または上皮間葉転換の抑制が認められた。
Y-27632を使用した拡大培養培地では、誘導を繰り返すことにより徐々にNKX6.1陽性割合やβ様細胞への誘導効率が低下している傾向が認められた。そのため増殖因子などのタンパク質と低分子化合物を用いたスクリーニングを施行し拡大培養法の改善を試みた。
Y-27632(50 μM)を用いた拡大培養法に前記候補因子二つを追加することにより、NKX6.1陽性割合を維持したまま拡大培養が長期間可能かどうかを試行した。
拡大培養された膵内胚葉細胞の機能を確認するため、拡大培養後のβ様細胞誘導効率を調べた。
Claims (16)
- 膵内胚葉細胞を、ROCK阻害剤と、KGFおよび/またはEGFとを含む培地で培養する工程を含む、膵内胚葉細胞の製造方法。
- 培養を2日間以上行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ROCK阻害剤がY-27632、GSK269962、GSK429286A、ファスジル塩酸塩、H1152およびチアゾビビンからなる群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記ROCK阻害剤がY-27632である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 培地がTGFβ阻害剤および/またはレチノイン酸受容体アゴニストを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記TGFβ阻害剤が2-[3-[6-メチルピリジン-2-イル]-1H-ピラゾール-4-イル]-1,5-ナフチリジンである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記レチノイン酸受容体アゴニストがレチノイン酸である、請求項5または6に記載の方法。
- 前記膵内胚葉細胞が多能性幹細胞に由来する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記膵内胚葉細胞が遺伝性膵疾患の患者由来の細胞である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記培養がフィーダーフリー条件下での培養である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法により製造された膵内胚葉細胞。
- ROCK阻害剤と、KGFおよび/またはEGFとを含む、膵内胚葉細胞拡大培養用キット。
- TGFβ阻害剤および/またはレチノイン酸受容体アゴニストを含む、請求項12に記載のキット。
- 請求項11に記載の膵内胚葉細胞をβ様細胞またはその前駆細胞へと分化誘導させる工程を含む、β様細胞またはその前駆細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項11に記載の膵内胚葉細胞、または請求項14に記載の方法により製造された細胞を含む、細胞移植療法剤。
- 糖尿病治療のための、請求項15に記載の剤。
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| JPWO2024070494A1 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
| CN119948151A (zh) | 2025-05-06 |
| EP4596675A1 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
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