WO2024063131A1 - エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール、反射型光学式エンコーダおよびエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体 - Google Patents
エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール、反射型光学式エンコーダおよびエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024063131A1 WO2024063131A1 PCT/JP2023/034256 JP2023034256W WO2024063131A1 WO 2024063131 A1 WO2024063131 A1 WO 2024063131A1 JP 2023034256 W JP2023034256 W JP 2023034256W WO 2024063131 A1 WO2024063131 A1 WO 2024063131A1
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- layer
- reflective optical
- protective layer
- optical scale
- encoder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/347—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells using displacement encoding scales
- G01D5/34707—Scales; Discs, e.g. fixation, fabrication, compensation
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a reflective optical scale for an encoder, a reflective optical encoder, and a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder.
- optical encoders have been used in servo motors and the like equipped with control mechanisms.
- Optical encoders include transmissive encoders and reflective encoders, but reflective encoders have a shorter optical path than transmissive encoders, making it easier to make them smaller and thinner. It has the advantage that it is easy to assemble.
- a reflective optical encoder includes a reflective optical scale, a light source such as an LED that illuminates the scale, and a photodetector that detects reflected light from the scale.
- a reflective optical scale reflective areas (high reflective areas) and non-reflective areas (low reflective areas) are arranged alternately, and the reflectance of light in the reflective areas is higher than the reflectance of light in the non-reflective areas.
- the photodetector detects the intensity of light caused by the movement of the scale in the length measurement direction.
- the reflective optical encoder can process the displacement information of the scale position according to the intensity of the detected light and obtain position information.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a reflector used in an optical encoder, which is characterized by having a reflective film that reflects light, a protective layer that protects the reflective film, and a pattern-forming film that has a lower light reflectance than the reflective film and in which a slit pattern is formed, laminated in this order on a substrate.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a reflective optical scale for an encoder in which high reflection areas and low reflection areas are alternately arranged on a base material for the purpose of sufficiently reducing the reflectance in the low reflection areas.
- the low reflection region includes a metal chromium film disposed on one surface of the base material, and a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film disposed in random order on the surface of the metal chromium film opposite to the base material. and a low reflection area having a film, the high reflection area having a higher reflectance of light incident from a side opposite to the base material of the reflective optical scale for an encoder than the low reflection area.
- a reflective optical scale for use is disclosed.
- the low-reflection layer is formed directly on the high-reflection layer, and a resist is formed on the low-reflection layer by, for example, photolithography.
- a patterned low-reflection layer was obtained by forming a pattern and performing etching using the resist pattern as a mask.
- the surface of the high-reflection layer may become rough and the surface roughness may increase, or etching residue may be generated on the surface of the high-reflection layer, which may reduce the reflectance of light incident on the high-reflection area.
- the inventor of the present application considered providing a protective layer between the high reflection layer and the low reflection layer.
- the reflectance of light incident on the high reflection region may decrease.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its main purpose is to provide a reflective optical scale for an encoder that can improve the reflectance of light incident on a high reflection area.
- An embodiment of the present disclosure is a reflective optical scale for an encoder, which includes a high reflection layer, a protective layer, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern in this order in the thickness direction, It has a low reflection area which is an area where the low reflection layer is provided and a high reflection area which is an area where the protection layer is exposed, and the thickness of the protection layer is d ( ⁇ m), and the protection Provided is a reflective optical scale for an encoder that satisfies the following formula (1), where the angle of incidence of light incident on the layer is ⁇ (°).
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
- a reflective optical scale for an encoder which includes a high reflection layer, a protective layer containing an organic material, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern in the thickness direction. , in this order, a low reflection area which is an area where the high reflection layer, the protection layer, and the low reflection layer are provided, and a high reflection area which is the area where the high reflection layer and the protection layer are provided. and the protective layer has a thickness of 0.16 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and the reflectance in the high reflection region when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m is 40% or more.
- a reflective optical scale for encoders which includes a high reflection layer, a protective layer containing an organic material, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern in the thickness direction.
- Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a reflective optical scale for an encoder, which includes a high reflection layer, a protective layer containing an organic material, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern in the thickness direction. , in this order, a low reflection area which is an area where the high reflection layer, the protection layer, and the low reflection layer are provided, and a high reflection area which is the area where the high reflection layer and the protection layer are provided. and a reflective type for an encoder, which has a reflectance in the low reflection region of 2% or less when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m, and an S/N ratio expressed by the following formula of 30 or more.
- S/N ratio reflectance of high reflection area/reflectance of low reflection area
- Another embodiment of the present disclosure includes the above-mentioned reflective optical scale for an encoder, and a light source that irradiates measurement light onto the surface of the reflective optical scale for an encoder on the side where the low reflection layer is arranged. , and a photodetector for detecting reflected light from the reflective optical scale for an encoder.
- Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder for manufacturing the above-mentioned reflective optical scale for an encoder, which comprises a high reflective layer, a protective layer, and a low reflective layer. forming layer in this order in the thickness direction, the thickness of the protective layer is d ( ⁇ m), and the angle of incidence of the light incident on the protective layer is ⁇ (°), the following formula ( A laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder that satisfies 1) is provided.
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
- Another embodiment of the present disclosure is a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder for manufacturing the above-mentioned reflective optical scale for an encoder, in which a high reflective layer and a protective layer are arranged to have a thickness of A reflector for an encoder that satisfies the following formula (1) when the thickness of the protective layer is d ( ⁇ m) and the angle of incidence of light incident on the protective layer is ⁇ (°).
- a laminate for an optical scale is provided.
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
- the present disclosure has the effect of providing a reflective optical scale for an encoder that can improve the reflectance of light incident on a high reflection area.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a reflective optical scale for an encoder according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view and a partially enlarged view illustrating a reflective optical encoder according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a reflective optical scale for an encoder according to the present disclosure.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a reflective optical scale for an encoder according to the present disclosure.
- 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the protective layer and the average reflectance in Experimental Example A and Experimental Example B.
- 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the film thickness of the protective layer and the average standard reflectance in Experimental Example A and Experimental Example B.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder according to the present disclosure.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure include a reflective optical scale for an encoder, a reflective optical encoder, and a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder.
- a reflective optical scale for an encoder for an encoder
- a reflective optical encoder for an encoder
- a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder for an encoder.
- the present disclosure can be implemented in many different ways, and should not be construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments exemplified below.
- the drawings may schematically represent the width, thickness, shape, etc. of each part compared to the actual form, but this is just an example and does not limit the interpretation of the present disclosure. It's not something you do.
- the same elements as those described above with respect to the previously shown figures are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed explanations may be omitted as appropriate.
- optical scale for encoder may be simply referred to as "optical scale.”
- the inventor of the present application has studied the problem that the reflectance of light incident on the high reflection area decreases even when a protective layer is provided between the high reflection layer and the low reflection layer. .
- the thickness of the protective layer was adjusted to a predetermined range where the light reflected on the surface of the protective layer and the light reflected at the interface between the protective layer and the high-reflection layer strengthen each other, high-reflection
- the present invention was completed based on the discovery that the reflectance of light incident on a region can be improved.
- FIG. 1(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a reflective optical scale for encoder according to the present disclosure.
- the reflective optical scale 10 for encoders shown in FIG. 1(a) includes a high reflection layer 1, a protective layer 2, and a low reflection layer 3 provided in a pattern in this order in the thickness direction DT . It has a low reflection region R1, which is a region where the low reflection layer 3 is provided, and a high reflection region R2, which is a region where the protective layer 2 is exposed.
- the present disclosure is characterized in that the thickness d of the protective layer 2 satisfies a predetermined range.
- the low reflection region R1 includes a high reflection layer 1, a protective layer 2, and a low reflection layer 3.
- the high reflection region R2 has a high reflection layer 1 and a protective layer 2.
- FIG. 1(b) shows how measurement light enters the reflective optical scale 10 for an encoder shown in FIG. 1(a) from the low reflection layer 3 side.
- Light L1 irradiated from the light source is reflected by the surface of the protective layer 2 and the interface between the high reflection layer 1 and the protective layer 2.
- the light reflectance in the high reflection region R2 is higher than the light reflectance in the low reflection region R1. Note that the light reflectance in the high reflection region R2 and the light reflectance in the low reflection region R1 indicate the reflectance at the same wavelength and the same incident angle.
- FIG. 2(a) is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a reflective optical encoder including a reflective optical scale for an encoder according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 2(b) is a schematic perspective view of the reflective optical encoder of FIG. 2(a).
- FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the encoder viewed from above.
- a reflective optical encoder 100 according to the present disclosure includes a reflective optical scale 10 for an encoder, and further includes a light source 21 and a photodetector 22.
- the fixed slit 23 is arranged between the photodetector 22 and the reflective optical scale 10 for encoder.
- the reflective optical scale for an encoder according to the present disclosure can improve the reflectance of light incident on the high reflection region by adjusting the thickness d of the protective layer 2 within a predetermined range.
- the reflective optical scale for encoders of the present disclosure will be described in detail.
- the protective layer in the present disclosure is disposed between the high reflection layer and the low reflection layer.
- the protective layer has transparency and also has the function of protecting the high reflection layer.
- the thickness d ( ⁇ m) of the protective layer is adjusted so as to satisfy the following formula (1), where the incident angle of light incident on the protective layer is ⁇ (°).
- d m ⁇ /[2n ⁇ cos ⁇ Arcsin(sin ⁇ /n) ⁇ ] (1)
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
- the reason why the reflectance of light incident on the high reflection region can be improved by setting the thickness of the protective layer within the above range is as follows. Since the refractive index is in the relationship of air ⁇ protective layer ⁇ highly reflective layer, fixed end reflection occurs at each interface, and the phase is shifted by ⁇ . When the phases of the light reflected at the interface between the air and the protective layer and the light reflected at the interface between the protective layer and the high-reflection layer match, the attenuation of the reflectance of the reflected light can be suppressed most.
- the condition for the phases of the reflected lights to match is when the film thickness satisfies the above formula.
- the incident angle ⁇ is the incident angle of the incident light on the protective layer.
- the optical scale 10 may have a different incident angle of light depending on its position with respect to the light source 21 (FIG. 3).
- the incident angle ⁇ in the above equation (1) is the incident angle at the scale position (for example, the main pattern position) where the strongest reflectance is desired, and may be, for example, 0° or 20°.
- the angle may be 40° or 55°.
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light, for example, any wavelength within the range of 0.38 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, Any wavelength within the range of 0.50 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less may be used.
- m is a number that satisfies 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3 or p ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0.3 (p is an integer from 1 to 3).
- p is 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2, more preferably 1.
- the optical scale 10 may have a different incident angle of light depending on its position with respect to the light source 21.
- 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic cross-sectional views of an optical scale for explaining the incident angle of light at P1 and the incident angle of light at P2 in FIG. 2(b), respectively. be.
- the incident angle ⁇ 1 of the light at the position P1 is larger than the incident angle ⁇ 2 of the light at the position P2 near the light source 21.
- the incident angle is the angle between the perpendicular to the surface of the protective layer and the exit direction of the light L1 from the light source.
- m in the above formula (1) is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, greater than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 1.3, greater than or equal to 1.9 and less than or equal to 2.3, or greater than or equal to 3.0 and less than or equal to 3.3. It is preferably within the range. By setting m within the above range, it is possible to reduce the variation in reflectance depending on the position of the high reflection region as described above.
- the material for the protective layer is not particularly limited as long as it is transparent and can protect the high reflection layer, and may be either an organic material or an inorganic material, but an organic material is preferred.
- the protective layer made of organic material has excellent stain resistance, so impurities (contamination) are difficult to adhere to the surface, and the protective layer has good adhesion with other layers on the side opposite to the base material. Becomes good.
- the contact angle is higher than that of inorganic materials, the antifouling function is improved. Specifically, the contact angle of the protective layer with respect to water can be set within the range described below.
- the protective layer may be one layer or may be composed of two or more layers.
- a protective layer composed of an organic material is disposed on the outermost surface side (the side opposite to the substrate) and a protective layer composed of an inorganic material is disposed on the other side.
- the organic material contains resin.
- the resin used for the protective layer is not particularly limited as long as it can provide a transparent protective layer, and examples thereof include ionizing radiation-curable resins that are cured by irradiation with ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet rays and electron beams; Examples include thermosetting resins that harden by heating.
- novolak resins, polyolefin resins, polyester resins, urethane resins, polyimide resins, acrylic resins, and epoxy resins are preferred.
- phenol novolak resins are preferred. This is because it has excellent electrical properties and can suppress problems caused by charging.
- acrylic resins trifunctional or higher functional acrylates such as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate are preferred. This is because photocurability can be improved.
- epoxy resin an epoxy acrylate resin having a fluorene structure is preferable. This is because heat resistance, adhesion, and chemical resistance are improved.
- cardo epoxy resin is also preferred. This is because it can provide excellent transparency, heat resistance, surface hardness, and flatness.
- the organic material may contain a polymerization initiator, various additives, etc. in addition to the resin.
- inorganic materials include inorganic compounds.
- inorganic compounds include oxides, oxynitrides, nitrides, oxycarbides, and oxycarbonitrides of metal elements or nonmetal elements such as silicon, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, potassium, tin, sodium, titanium, boron, yttrium, zirconium, cerium, and zinc. Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) is particularly preferred.
- the inorganic compounds may be used alone or in any combination of the above materials.
- the protective layer and the high reflection layer are in direct contact with each other. Moreover, it is preferable that the refractive index of the protective layer is smaller than the refractive index of the high reflection layer.
- the refractive index of the protective layer is, for example, 1.1 or more and 3.0 or less, may be 1.1 or more and 1.65 or less, or may be 1.5 or more and 1.65 or less. .
- the above-mentioned refractive index refers to a refractive index for light having a peak wavelength of a light source.
- the refractive index is the value obtained by dividing the speed of light in a vacuum by the speed of light in a substance (more precisely, the phase velocity), and is an index for describing how light travels in a substance.
- An example of a method for measuring the refractive index is a method using an ellipsometer.
- An ellipsometer is an analytical device that measures changes in the polarization state of incident light and reflected light on a sample.
- the protective layer has water repellency. Even if water containing a stain-causing substance adheres to the surface of the protective layer, by repelling the water, the stain-causing substance is removed as a result. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in reflectance due to dirt adhering to the high reflection area.
- the contact angle of the protective layer in the present disclosure to water is, for example, 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, preferably 62 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, and more preferably 73 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less.
- the contact angle with water is within the above range, the antifouling property is improved.
- the contact angle with water is smaller than the above range, the water repellency is insufficient, so that there is a possibility that excellent antifouling property cannot be obtained.
- the contact angle with water is larger than the above range, when an organic film is used for the low reflection layer, problems such as repelling may occur during coating, which may cause defects.
- the contact angle with respect to water is measured in accordance with the regulations of JIS R3257:1999.
- the highly reflective layer in the present disclosure has high reflectivity.
- Examples of such highly reflective layers include metal substrates and metal films disposed on one side of a substrate.
- Examples of the metal substrate include a stainless steel (hereinafter referred to as SUS) substrate, an aluminum substrate, a copper substrate, and the like.
- a SUS base material is preferably used. Since SUS contains metallic chromium, when a low-reflection layer containing a metallic chromium film is provided in a pattern directly on a SUS substrate, it is easily roughened by etching, and etching residue of metallic chromium is likely to be generated. Therefore, the effect of forming the protective layer, that is, the effect of suppressing surface roughening of the high reflection layer due to etching and the effect of suppressing the generation of etching residue can be more significantly obtained.
- the lower limit of the thickness of such a metal base material is preferably 0.05 or more, particularly preferably 0.1 mm or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the metal base material is preferably 0.5 mm or less.
- the highly reflective layer in the present disclosure may be a metal film disposed on one side of the substrate.
- the substrate used in this case include glass and resin.
- a metal different from the metal film may be used for the base material.
- a glass substrate using glass is preferable. This is because glass has a small linear expansion coefficient and can suppress dimensional changes due to temperature changes in the usage environment.
- the metal film is made of a metal having high reflectance.
- metals include chromium, silver, aluminum, rhodium, gold, copper, and alloys containing these metals as main components.
- a metal chromium film is preferred.
- the metallic chromium film is a layer made of metallic chromium.
- the thickness of the metal film is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less, and may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the low reflection layer in the present disclosure is provided in a pattern on the side of the protective layer opposite to the high reflection layer side.
- the structure of the low reflection layer is not particularly limited as long as the reflectance of light incident on the low reflection area is smaller than the reflectance of light incident on the high reflection area.
- the low reflection layer may be an inorganic film or an organic film.
- the reflectance of light incident on the low reflection region at any wavelength within the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, particularly within the wavelength range of 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, is 10%.
- it can be preferably lowered to 5% or less, and further to 1% or less.
- the reflectance of the low reflection region is, for example, 0% or more.
- the reflectance of the low reflection region is, for example, 0% or more and 10% or less, preferably 0% or more and 5% or less, more preferably 0% or more and 1% or less, particularly 0% or more and 0% or less. More preferably, it is .5% or less.
- the reflectance of the low reflection region preferably satisfies the above range at any angle within the incident angle range of 0° to 70°. Therefore, the difference between the reflectance in the high reflection area and the reflectance in the low reflection area can be increased. Moreover, if only metallic chromium is prepared, a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film can be easily formed by using reactive sputtering or the like. Furthermore, high-definition patterning can be performed more easily than with silicon oxide films.
- a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film formed in random order on a metal chromium film may be a metal chromium film, a chromium oxide film, and a chromium nitride film formed in this order. This means that a metal chromium film, a chromium nitride film, and a chromium oxide film may be formed in this order.
- the low reflection layer 3 of the reflective optical scale 10 for encoders shown in FIG. A chromium oxide film 3a formed thereon.
- the outermost surface of the low reflection region is preferably the surface of the chromium oxide film or chromium nitride film of the low reflection layer, and particularly preferably the surface of the chromium oxide film. This is because the reflectance in the low reflection region can be reduced more effectively.
- a low reflection layer in which a metal chromium film, a chromium nitride film, and a chromium oxide film are arranged in this order will be referred to as a low reflection layer of the first specification, and "a low reflection layer in which a metal chromium film, a chromium oxide film, and a chromium nitride film are arranged in this order.”
- the low-reflection layer according to the second specification is referred to as the second-specification low-reflection layer.
- the low reflection layer of this specification includes a metal chromium film, a chromium nitride film, and a chromium oxide film arranged in this order from the base material side.
- the low reflection area with the low reflection layer of this specification has a reflectance of 5% at any wavelength within the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, particularly within the wavelength range of 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, of the light irradiated from the light source.
- it can be lowered to 0.5% or less, and the reflectance changes gradually with respect to wavelength changes, making it easy to control the reflectance.
- the reflectance can be lowered to 0% or more and 5% or less, particularly 0% or more and 0.5% or less.
- the metal chromium film is provided on the protective layer.
- the metal chromium film is a layer made of metal chromium.
- the metal chromium film is a layer that does not substantially transmit light irradiated from a light source, and preferably has a transmittance of 1.0% or less.
- the transmittance can be measured using a spectrophotometer (MPC-3100) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation or the like.
- the film thickness is, for example, 40 nm or more, preferably 70 nm or more.
- the film thickness is, for example, 40 nm or more and 500 nm or less, preferably 70 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the "thickness" of each member refers to the thickness obtained by a general measurement method.
- methods for measuring thickness include a stylus method that calculates the thickness by tracing the surface with a stylus and detecting irregularities, and an optical method that calculates the thickness based on the spectral reflection spectrum. Can be done. Specifically, the thickness can be measured using a stylus-type film thickness meter P-15 manufactured by KLA-Tencor Co., Ltd. Note that the average value of thickness measurement results at multiple locations on the target member may be used as the thickness.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- Chromium nitride film The chromium nitride film in this specification is placed between the metal chromium film and the chromium oxide film. Unlike chromium oxynitride, chromium oxynitride carbide, and the like, the chromium nitride film has chromium and nitrogen as its main components and does not substantially contain impurities other than chromium and nitrogen.
- x which represents the atomic ratio of Cr and N in the chromium nitride (CrNx) film, be 0.4 or more and 1.1 or less.
- the purity of the chromium nitride film is preferably within the range of 80% or more and 100% or less, particularly 90% or more and 100% or less, with the ratio of chromium and nitrogen being 100 atomic % for the entire film.
- the impurities may include, for example, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, etc.
- the thickness (T N ) of the chromium nitride film is preferably in the range of 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, particularly preferably in the range of 10 nm or more and 80 nm or less. Furthermore, in relation to the thickness (T O ) of the chromium oxide film, which will be described later, when the wavelength is 850 nm, the sum of T N and T O is 40 nm or more, and when the wavelength is 550 nm, the sum of T N and T O is 40 nm or more. It is preferable that the total thickness with T O is 20 nm or more.
- the reflectance in the low reflection region can be easily lowered to 10% or less, particularly 5% or less, compared to a case outside the above range. Specifically, the reflectance can be lowered to 0% or more and 10% or less, particularly 0% or more and 5% or less.
- the film thickness (T N ) of the chromium nitride film reduces the reflectance in the entire violet to infrared (approximately 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less) region, particularly in the entire green to infrared (approximately 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less) region.
- the thickness is preferably in the range of 10 nm or more and 80 nm or less because it is easy to do so.
- a physical vapor deposition method such as a reactive sputtering method, an ion plating method, or a vacuum evaporation method is used, for example.
- PVD physical vapor deposition method
- a chromium nitride film can be formed by introducing nitrogen into argon (Ar) gas and using a reactive sputtering method using a Cr target.
- the composition of the chromium nitride film can be controlled by controlling the ratio of Ar gas and nitrogen gas.
- Chromium oxide film A chromium oxide film is formed on a chromium nitride film, and its main components are chromium and oxygen. Contains substantially no.
- y which represents the atomic ratio of Cr and O in the chromium oxide (CrOy) film, is 1.4 or more and 2.1 or less.
- the purity of the chromium oxide film is preferably within the range of 80% or more and 100% or less, particularly 90% or more and 100% or less, with the ratio of chromium and oxygen being 100 atomic % for the entire film. Hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, etc. may be included as impurities.
- the thickness of the chromium oxide film is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, particularly preferably in the range of 10 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- the total film thickness of the chromium oxide film (T O ) and the film thickness of the chromium nitride film (T N ) is described in "(i) Low reflection layer of the first specification (b) Chromium nitride film" above. It is preferable that the range is within the above range.
- the film thickness (T O ) of the chromium oxide film reduces the reflectance in the entire violet to infrared (approximately 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less) region, particularly in the entire green to infrared (approximately 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less) region.
- the thickness is preferably in the range of 10 nm or more and 65 nm or less.
- a physical vapor deposition method such as a reactive sputtering method, an ion plating method, or a vacuum evaporation method is used as a method for forming chromium oxide.
- PVD physical vapor deposition method
- a chromium oxide film can be formed by introducing oxygen into argon (Ar) gas and using a reactive sputtering method using a Cr target.
- the composition of the chromium oxide film can be controlled by controlling the ratio of Ar gas and oxygen gas.
- the low reflection layer of this specification includes a metal chromium film, a chromium oxide film, and a chromium nitride film arranged in this order from the protective layer side.
- the low reflection area with the low reflection layer of this specification has a reflectance of 5% at any wavelength within the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, particularly within the wavelength range of 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, of the light irradiated from the light source. Below, it can be particularly lowered to 1% or less. Specifically, the reflectance can be lowered from 0% to 5%, particularly from 0% to 1%. Each layer will be explained in detail below.
- the chromium oxide film in this specification is placed between the metal chromium film and the chromium nitride film.
- the film thickness is not particularly limited, it is preferably in the range of 5 nm or more and 60 nm or less, particularly 10 nm or more and 50 nm or less. Furthermore, it is preferable that the relationship with the thickness of the chromium nitride film, which will be described later, be satisfied. More reliably, the reflectance at any wavelength within the wavelength range of 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less in the low reflection region, particularly within the wavelength range of 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, can be lowered to 10% or less, particularly 5% or less. Because you can. Specifically, the reflectance can be lowered from 0% to 10%, particularly from 0% to 5%.
- the thickness of the chromium oxide film (T O ) reduces the reflectance in the entire violet to infrared (approximately 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less) region, particularly in the entire green to infrared (approximately 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less) region.
- the thickness is preferably within the range of 5 nm or more and 35 nm or less because it is easy to do so.
- Chromium nitride film The chromium nitride film of this specification is formed on a chromium oxide film.
- the thickness of the chromium nitride film according to this specification is not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferably in the range of 5 nm or more and 100 nm or less, particularly preferably in the range of 10 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- the film thickness (T O ) of the chromium oxide film when the wavelength is 850 nm, the sum of T N and T O is 30 nm or more, and when the wavelength is 550 nm, the sum of T N and T O It is preferable that the total thickness of the above-mentioned and Furthermore, the film thickness (T N ) of the chromium nitride film in accordance with this specification is such that the reflection in the entire range from violet to infrared (approximately 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less), particularly in the entire green to infrared (approximately 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less) region. The thickness is preferably in the range of 10 nm or more and 60 nm or less because it is easy to reduce the ratio.
- the method of forming the low reflection layer in the present disclosure is not particularly limited, but it can be manufactured by selective etching or lift-off.
- a metal chromium film is formed on the protective layer disposed on the high reflection layer by, for example, a sputtering method, and then a chromium nitride film and a chromium oxide film are formed.
- a patterned low-reflection layer can be manufactured by patterning the metal chromium film, chromium nitride film, and chromium oxide film by photolithography and etching.
- the etching include dry etching using plasma etching configured to turn a reactive gas containing chlorine gas and oxygen gas into plasma using a high-frequency electric field, or wet etching using a cerium ammonium nitrate solution.
- a resist pattern is formed on the protective layer, and a metal chromium film, a chromium nitride film, and a chromium oxide film are formed using a known vacuum film forming method such as a sputtering method. After that, by removing the resist pattern, the metallic chromium film, chromium nitride film, and chromium oxide film formed directly above the resist pattern are lifted off, and patterns of chromium nitride film and chromium oxide film can also be obtained. .
- the low reflection region in the present disclosure has a reflectance of, for example, 10% or less at any wavelength within a wavelength range of 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, particularly, a wavelength range of 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, for example, 5%. It may be less than 2%, it may be less than 1.5%, it may be less than 1%. Specifically, the reflectance of the low reflection region in the present disclosure is, for example, 0% or more and 10% or less, may be 0% or more and 5% or less, or 0% or more and 2% or less. It may be 0% or more and 1.5% or less, or 0% or more and 1% or less.
- the reflectance of the low reflection region satisfies the above range at any angle within the range of an incident angle of 0° or more and 70° or less.
- the outermost surface of the low reflection region is preferably the surface of the chromium oxide film or chromium nitride film of the low reflection layer, and particularly preferably the surface of the chromium oxide film. This is because the reflectance in the low reflection region can be reduced more effectively.
- High reflection area is an area where the above-mentioned protective layer is exposed, and the reflectance of light incident from the low reflection layer side of the reflective optical scale for encoders is higher than that of the low reflection area. expensive.
- the high reflection region is defined as a high reflection region when the incident light has a wavelength in the range of 380 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, especially in the range of 500 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, and the incident angle is in the range of 0° or more and 70° or less.
- the reflectance is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more.
- the reflectance of the high reflection region in the present disclosure is, for example, 50% or more and 100% or less, preferably 60% or more and 100% or less.
- the reflective optical scale for encoders in the present disclosure can improve the reflectance of the high reflection area, so it increases the S/N ratio expressed by the following formula. make it possible.
- S/N ratio reflectance of high reflection area / reflectance of low reflection area
- the reflectance of the high reflection area and the reflectance of the low reflection area are the reflectance at the same wavelength and the same angle of incidence. It shows.
- the S/N ratio can be 30 or more, more preferably 35 or more, more preferably 40 or more, and even more preferably 60 or more.
- optical scale in the present disclosure may be for a rotary encoder or a linear encoder. Among these, those for rotary encoders are preferred.
- shape of the optical scale in plan view is not limited, and for example, those used for rotary encoders may be approximately donut-shaped or approximately circular, and those used for linear encoders may be approximately rectangular. .
- the method for manufacturing an optical scale according to the present disclosure includes, for example, the steps of preparing the above-mentioned high-reflection layer, forming the above-mentioned protective layer on the high-reflection layer, and forming the surface of the protective layer on the high-reflection layer side. forming a low reflection layer in a pattern on the opposite surface.
- A-2 Other aspects of the reflective optical scale for encoders In the present disclosure, other aspects of the reflective optical scale for encoders that are different from the aspects of the reflective optical scale for encoders described in "A-1. Reflective optical scale for encoders" are also provided. It includes.
- a first other aspect of the present disclosure is a reflective optical scale for an encoder, which includes a high reflection layer, a protective layer containing an organic material, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern. and in this order in the thickness direction, a low reflection region where the high reflection layer, the protective layer, and the low reflection layer are provided, and a low reflection region where the high reflection layer and the protection layer are provided. and a high reflection region which is a region where the protective layer has a film thickness of 0.16 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and the reflectance in the high reflection region when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m. , 40% or more, is a reflective optical scale for encoders.
- the thickness of the protective layer is within the above-mentioned range, high reflectance can be maintained even when the protective layer containing an organic material is provided as the high reflective layer.
- the protective layer contains an organic material.
- the organic material described above is the same as that explained in the above "A-1. Reflective optical scale for encoder", so the explanation here will be omitted.
- the thickness of the protective layer is 0.16 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the protective layer in this aspect is not particularly limited as long as it is 0.16 ⁇ m or more, but it is preferably 0.18 or more, more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the film thickness for the above protection increase is not particularly limited as long as it is 1.0 ⁇ m or less, but it is preferably 0.6 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.33 ⁇ m or less.
- the reflectance in the high reflection region when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m is 40% or more, preferably 45% or more, and particularly preferably 50% or more. preferable.
- a second other aspect of the present disclosure is a reflective optical scale for an encoder, which includes a high reflection layer, a protective layer containing an organic material, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern. and in this order in the thickness direction, a low reflection region where the high reflection layer, the protective layer, and the low reflection layer are provided, and a low reflection region where the high reflection layer and the protection layer are provided. and a high reflection area, which is a region with a high reflection area, and the reflectance in the low reflection area is 2% or less when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m, and the S/N ratio expressed by the following formula is 30 or more.
- This is a reflective optical scale for encoders.
- S/N ratio reflectance of high reflection area/reflectance of low reflection area
- the reflective optical encoder can easily read the optical scale and has good encoder characteristics.
- the protective layer contains an organic material.
- the organic material described above is the same as that explained in the above "A-1. Reflective optical scale for encoder", so the explanation here will be omitted.
- the S/N ratio is 30 or more, more preferably 35 or more, particularly preferably 40 or more, and particularly preferably 60 or more.
- the reflectance in the low reflection region when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m is not particularly limited as long as it is 2% or less, but is preferably 1% or less, particularly 0.5% or less. It is preferable that
- FIG. 2(a) is a schematic perspective view showing an example of the reflective optical encoder of the present disclosure. Since FIG. 2(a) was explained in the above "A. Reflective optical scale for encoder", the explanation here will be omitted.
- the encoder of the present disclosure has the above-described reflective optical scale for encoders, there is a large difference between the reflectance in the high reflection area and the reflectance in the low reflection area, thereby preventing erroneous detection by the photodetector 22. can do. As a result, the reflective optical encoder 100 can easily read the optical scale 10 and has good encoder characteristics.
- Reflective Optical Scale for Encoder The reflective optical scale for encoder is the same as that described in "A. Reflective optical scale for encoder" above, so the explanation here will be omitted.
- the light source may be, for example, an LED (light emitting diode) or a laser.
- the wavelength ⁇ of light L1 emitted from the light source is, for example, in the violet to infrared (approximately 380 to 1000 nm) region, or may be in the green to infrared (approximately 500 to 1000 nm) region.
- the angle of incidence of the light with respect to the optical scale 10 is, for example, not less than 0° and not more than 70°.
- the wavelength ⁇ of light L1 from the light source used in the present disclosure is approximately the same as the wavelength ⁇ of the light used to determine the film thickness of the protective layer in the above-mentioned "A. Reflective optical scale for encoder.”
- Photodetector detects light reflected from an optical scale.
- the photodetector includes, for example, a light receiving element (for example, a photoelectric conversion element) such as a photodiode or an image sensor.
- the reflective optical encoder according to the present disclosure may include a fixed slit between the photodetector and the reflective optical scale for encoder. Providing the fixed slit increases the change in the amount of light received by the photodetector, making it possible to improve detection sensitivity.
- a fixed slit may be provided between the light source and the reflective optical scale for the encoder.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated body for reflective optical scale for encoder according to the present disclosure.
- a laminate 50 for a reflective optical scale for an encoder shown in FIG. 9 is a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder for manufacturing the above-mentioned reflective optical scale for an encoder.
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
- the protective layer of such a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder has a thickness within the above-mentioned specified range
- the above-mentioned reflective optical scale for an encoder can be manufactured by patterning the low-reflection layer-forming layer, which can improve the reflectance of light incident on the high-reflection region. Furthermore, by setting m within the range of greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.3, 0.7 to 1.3, 1.9 to 2.3, or 3.0 to 3.3, the variation in reflectance due to the position of the high-reflection region as described above can also be reduced.
- the low reflective layer forming layer in the present disclosure is a layer before patterning to form the patterned low reflective layer described above, and is on the opposite side of the protective layer from the high reflective layer side. It is preferable that it be provided on the entire surface of the surface.
- the layer structure of the low-reflection layer forming layer is the same as that of the patterned low-reflection layer described above, so a description thereof will be omitted here.
- Laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder also includes other different aspects.
- the laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder in this embodiment is a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder for manufacturing the above-mentioned reflective optical scale for an encoder, and includes a high reflective layer, a protective layer, and a protective layer. and in this order in the thickness direction, the thickness of the protective layer is d ( ⁇ m), and the angle of incidence of the light incident on the protective layer is ⁇ (°), the following formula (1) is expressed as:
- This is a laminate for a reflective optical scale for encoders that satisfies the following requirements.
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
- the laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder of this embodiment is the same as the above-mentioned "C-1. Laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder" except for the layer for forming a low reflection layer. , the explanation here is omitted.
- the average value of R 0 , R 20 , R 40 , and R 55 (average reflectance R ave ) and the difference between the maximum reflectance and the minimum reflectance (reflectance difference ⁇ R) were calculated.
- FIG. 5 shows a graph showing the relationship between the thickness d ( ⁇ m) of the protective layer and the average reflectance R ave (%).
- FIG. 6 shows a graph showing the relationship between the thickness d ( ⁇ m) of the protective layer and the average standard reflectance R' ave (%).
- a mirror-finished SUS base material (thickness: 400 ⁇ m) was prepared as a high-reflection layer.
- a protective layer forming composition containing a cardo epoxy resin is applied to the mirror-finished surface of the SUS base material and cured to form a protective layer with a thickness of 0.27 ⁇ m and a refractive index of 1.58. was formed.
- a low reflection layer including a metal chromium layer, a chromium nitride layer, and a chromium oxide layer in this order from the protective layer side was formed in a pattern. As a result, an evaluation scale was obtained.
- the surface roughness, gloss (60° gloss value), and reflectance of the high reflection area of the obtained evaluation scale were measured by the following methods. In addition, the average value and range of reflectance were calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the reflectance was measured using a spectrophotometer "SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)" manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. At this time, the measurement wavelength was 850 nm, (p polarized light + s polarized light)/2, and the incident angle (the angle between the perpendicular to the surface of the evaluation member and the direction of the incident light) was 5° to 70°. Note that the irradiation beam size is approximately 6 mm x 15 mm.
- Arithmetic mean roughness Ra, maximum height Ry, and ten-point mean roughness Rz were measured in accordance with JIS B 0601-1994.
- Example 1 An evaluation scale was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the protective layer was 1.0 ⁇ m, and the surface roughness, glossiness, and reflectance of the high reflection area were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the high-reflection layer (a mirror-finished SUS base material) was etched with acid for the time shown in Table 4, and the surface roughness, gloss, and reflectance of the high-reflection layer after etching were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 1 higher reflectance was obtained than in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Comparative Example 2 a residue of metallic chromium was observed after etching the metallic chromium film, and it is presumed that the reflectance decreased due to the influence of this etching residue. Note that even if the etching time was extended, the residue did not disappear.
- the irradiation beam size was relatively large at about 6 mm x 15 mm, but the scale of the actual encoder light receiving part (high reflection area) is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, and is usually as small as about 50 ⁇ m. .
- the surface roughness of the high-reflection layer is rough as in Comparative Example 2, it is assumed that the smaller the beam size, the worse the reflectance becomes. Therefore, the effect of increasing the reflectance according to the present disclosure is actually even more pronounced. It is assumed that this will be obtained.
- the high reflection region on the evaluation scale of the example had a reflectance and incidence angle dependence comparable to that of Reference Example 1 (mirror-finished SUS base material).
- FIG. 8(a) it was confirmed that if the thickness of the protective layer was not controlled, the dependence of the reflectance on the incident angle increased due to thin film interference.
- FIG. 8(b) it was confirmed that in the case where no protective layer was provided, the reflectance in the high reflection region was reduced. This is presumably because the surface roughness of the highly reflective layer after etching is large.
- a reflective optical scale for encoders which includes a high reflective layer, a protective layer, and a low reflective layer provided in a pattern in this order in the thickness direction, and the low reflective layer has a a low reflection area that is a provided area and a high reflection area that is an area where the protective layer is exposed
- a reflective optical scale for an encoder that satisfies the following formula (1), where the thickness of the protective layer is d ( ⁇ m) and the angle of incidence of light incident on the protective layer is ⁇ (°).
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0. 3
- p is an integer between 1 and 3.
- the m is in the range of 0 to 0.3, 0.7 to 1.3, 1.9 to 2.3, or 3.0 to 3.3, [1 Reflective optical scale for encoders described in ].
- the low reflection layer includes a metal chromium film, and a chromium oxide film and a chromium nitride film arranged in random order from the protective layer side, according to any one of [1] to [4].
- Reflective optical scale for encoders [6] The reflective optical scale for an encoder according to any one of [1] to [5], and the surface of the reflective optical scale for an encoder on the side where the low reflection layer is arranged, the measurement described above.
- a reflective optical encoder comprising: a light source that irradiates light; and a photodetector that detects reflected light from the encoder reflective optical scale.
- a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder which satisfies the following formula (1), where the thickness of the protective layer is d ( ⁇ m) and the angle of incidence of light incident on the protective layer is ⁇ (°).
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
- a reflective optical scale for encoders having a high reflection layer, a protective layer containing an organic material, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern in this order in the thickness direction, comprising a low reflection area where the high reflection layer, the protective layer, and the low reflection layer are provided, and a high reflection area where the high reflection layer and the protection layer are provided;
- the thickness of the protective layer is 0.16 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less,
- a reflective optical scale for an encoder wherein the reflectance in the high reflection region is 40% or more when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m.
- a reflective optical scale for encoders having a high reflection layer, a protective layer containing an organic material, and a low reflection layer provided in a pattern in this order in the thickness direction, comprising a low reflection area where the high reflection layer, the protective layer, and the low reflection layer are provided, and a high reflection area where the high reflection layer and the protection layer are provided;
- the reflectance in the low reflection region when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m is 2% or less
- a reflective optical scale for encoders having an S/N ratio of 30 or more as shown by the following formula.
- S/N ratio reflectance of high reflection area/reflectance of low reflection area
- the thickness of the protective layer is 0.16 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less
- the reflective optical scale for an encoder according to [9] wherein the reflectance in the high reflection region is 40% or more when the wavelength of the measurement light source is 850 ⁇ m.
- the reflective optical system for an encoder according to any one of [1] to [5] or [8] to [10] wherein the protective layer has a contact angle with water of 50° or more and 90° or less. formula scale.
- a laminate for a reflective optical scale for an encoder which satisfies the following formula (1), where the thickness of the protective layer is d ( ⁇ m) and the angle of incidence of light incident on the protective layer is ⁇ (°).
- d m ⁇ /[2n ⁇ cos ⁇ Arcsin(sin ⁇ /n) ⁇ ] (1)
- n is the refractive index of the protective layer
- ⁇ is the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of the incident light
- m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.3, or p-0.3 ⁇ m ⁇ p+0 .3 (p is an integer between 1 and 3).
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Abstract
Description
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは上記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
S/N比=高反射領域の反射率/低反射領域の反射率
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは上記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは上記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
図1(a)は、本開示におけるエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図1(a)に示すエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール10は、高反射層1と、保護層2と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層3とを、厚さ方向DTにおいて、この順に有し、低反射層3が設けられた領域である低反射領域R1と、保護層2が露出している領域である高反射領域R2と、を有する。本開示においては、保護層2の膜厚dが、所定の範囲を満たすことを特徴とする。図1(a)のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールは、低反射領域R1と高反射領域R2とが交互に配置されている。低反射領域R1は、高反射層1、保護層2、および低反射層3を有する。高反射領域R2は、高反射層1および保護層2を有する。また、図1(b)は、図1(a)のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール10の、低反射層3側から測定光が入射する様子を示している。光源から照射される光L1は、保護層2の表面と、高反射層1と保護層2との界面とで、反射する。上記高反射領域R2における光の反射率は、上記低反射領域R1における光の反射率よりも高い。なお、上記高反射領域R2における光の反射率、および上記低反射領域R1における光の反射率は、同一の波長および同一の入射角での反射率を示すものである。
以下、本開示のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールについて詳細に説明する。
本開示における保護層は、高反射層と、低反射層との間に配置される。保護層は、透明性を有し、また、高反射層を保護する機能を有する。保護層を設けることにより、低反射層をパターン状に形成する際のエッチング時に、高反射層の表面が荒れて表面粗さが大きくなる恐れがない。そのため、光の乱反射を抑制することができる。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは前記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
なお、上記屈折率は、光源のピーク波長の光に対する屈折率をいう。屈折率とは、真空中の光速を物質中の光速(より正確には位相速度)で割った値であり、物質中での光の進み方を記述する上での指標である。屈折率の測定方法は、エリプソメーターを用いて測定する方法を挙げることができる。エリプソメーターは、試料に対する入射光と反射光の偏光状態の変化を測定する分析装置である。
水に対する接触角が上記範囲であると、防汚性が向上する。一方、水に対する接触角が上記範囲より小さいと、撥水性が十分ではなくなるため、優れた防汚性が得られない可能性がある。一方、水に対する接触角が上記範囲より大きいと、低反射層に有機膜を使用した場合、塗工時にハジキなどの不具合がおき、欠陥の原因となるおそれがある。
本開示における高反射層は、高反射性を有する。このような高反射層としては、金属基材、および基板の一方の面に配置された金属膜が挙げられる。
金属基材としては、ステンレス(以下、SUSとします。)製基材、アルミニウム製基材、銅製基材等が挙げられる。
この場合に用いられる基板としては、ガラス、樹脂等が挙げられる。また前述以外にも「金属膜とは異なる金属」を基材に用いてもよい。中でもガラスを用いたガラス基板であることが好ましい。ガラスは、線膨張係数が小さく、使用環境の温度変化に伴う寸法変化を抑制することができるからである。
本開示における低反射層は、保護層の高反射層側とは反対の面側に、パターン状に設けられる。低反射層としては、低反射領域に入射する光の反射率が、高反射領域に入射する光の反射率よりも小さければ、その構成は特に限定されない。例えば、低反射層は無機膜であってもよいし、有機膜であってもよい。
本仕様の低反射層は、基材側から、金属クロム膜、窒化クロム膜、酸化クロム膜がこの順に配置されている。本仕様の低反射層を有する低反射領域は、光源から照射された光の波長領域380nm以上1000nm以下、特には、波長領域500nm以上1000nm以下の範囲内のいずれかの波長における反射率を5%以下、特に0.5%以下まで下げることができるとともに、波長変化に対する反射率変化が緩やかであり、反射率の制御が容易となる。具体的には、上記反射率を0%以上5%以下に、特に、0%以上0.5%以下に下げることができる。以下、各層について詳細に説明する。
本仕様においては、金属クロム膜は保護層上に設けられている。金属クロム膜は、金属クロムからなる層である。金属クロム膜は、実質的に光源から照射された光を透過しない層であり、透過率が1.0%以下であることが好ましい。透過率は、(株)島津製作所製の分光光度計(MPC-3100)等を用いて測定することができる。膜厚は、例えば、40nm以上、好ましくは、70nm以上である。具体的には、上記膜厚は、例えば、40nm以上、500nm以下、好ましくは、70nm以上、200nm以下である。
本仕様における窒化クロム膜は、金属クロム膜と酸化クロム膜との間に配置されている。窒化クロム膜は、酸化窒化クロムや酸化窒化炭化クロム等とは異なり、その主成分がクロム及び窒素であり、クロム及び窒素以外の不純物を実質的に含有しない。
酸化クロム膜は、窒化クロム膜上に形成されており、その主成分がクロム及び酸素であり、酸化窒化クロムや酸化窒化炭化クロム等とは異なり、クロム及び酸素以外の不純物を実質的に含有しない。
本仕様の低反射層は、保護層側から、金属クロム膜、酸化クロム膜、窒化クロム膜がこの順に配置されている。本仕様の低反射層を有する低反射領域は、光源から照射された光の波長領域380nm以上1000nm以下、特には、波長領域500nm以上1000nm以下の範囲内のいずれかの波長における反射率を5%以下、特に1%以下まで下げることができる。具体的には、上記反射率を0%以上5%以下に、特に、0%以上1%以下に下げることができる。以下、各層について詳細に説明する。
本仕様における金属クロム膜は、基材上に形成されている。金属クロム膜の詳細は上述した「(i)第一仕様の低反射層 (a)金属クロム膜」と同様であるため、ここでの説明は省略する。
本仕様における酸化クロム膜は、金属クロム膜と窒化クロム膜との間に配置されている。膜厚は、特に限定されないが、例えば、好ましくは5nm以上60nm以下、特に10nm以上50nm以下の範囲内であることが好ましい。さらに、後述する窒化クロム膜の膜厚との関係を満たすことが好ましい。より確実に、低反射領域の波長領域380nm以上1000nm以下、特には、波長領域500nm以上1000nm以下の範囲内のいずれかの波長における反射率を10%以下、特には5%以下と低くすることができるからである。具体的には、上記反射率を0%以上10%以下に、特に、0%以上5%以下に下げることができる。
本仕様の窒化クロム膜は、酸化クロム膜上に形成されている。本仕様の窒化クロム膜の膜厚は特に限定されないが、例えば、好ましくは5nm以上100nm以下の範囲内、特に10nm以上80nm以下の範囲内であることが好ましい。更に、酸化クロム膜の膜厚(TO)との関係において、波長が850nmの場合には、TNとTOとの合計が30nm以上、波長が550nmの場合には、TNとTOとの合計が15nm以上であることが好ましい。更には、本仕様の窒化クロム膜の膜厚(TN)は、紫色~赤外(380nm以上1000nm以下程度)領域全域、特には、緑色~赤外(500nm以上1000nm以下程度)領域全域における反射率を低減することが容易となるため、10nm以上60nm以下の範囲内が好ましい。
本開示における低反射領域は、波長領域380nm以上1000nm以下、特には、波長領域500nm以上1000nm以下の範囲内のいずれかの波長における反射率が、例えば、10%以下であり、5%以下であってもよく、2%以下であってもよく、1.5%以下であってもよく、1%以下であってもよい。具体的には、本開示における低反射領域の上記反射率は、例えば、0%以上、10%以下であり、0%以上、5%以下であってもよく、0%以上、2%以下であってもよく、0%以上、1.5%以下であってもよく、0%以上、1%以下であってもよい。なお、低反射領域の反射率は、入射角0°以上70°以下の範囲内のいずれかの角度において、上記範囲を満たすことが好ましい。低反射領域の最表面は、低反射層の酸化クロム膜又は窒化クロム膜の表面であることが好ましく、特に、酸化クロム膜の表面であることが好ましい。より効果的に、低反射領域での反射率を低減することができるからである。
本開示における高反射領域は、上述した保護層が露出している領域であり、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールの低反射層側から入射する光の反射率が、低反射領域よりも高い。
本開示におけるエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールは、上述した通り、高反射領域の反射率を向上することが可能となることから、下記式で表されるS/N比を高くすることを可能とする。
S/N比=高反射領域の反射率/低反射領域の反射率
なお、上記式における高反射領域の反射率、および低反射領域の反射率は、同一波長および同一入射角での反射率を示すものである。
本開示における光学式スケールは、ロータリーエンコーダ用であってもよいし、リニアエンコーダ用であってもよい。中でも、ロータリーエンコーダ用が好ましい。光学式スケールの平面視形状は、限定されるものではなく、例えば、ロータリーエンコーダに用いられるものは、略ドーナツ形状、または略円形とし、リニアエンコーダに用いられるものは、略長方形とすることができる。
本開示においては、上記「A-1.エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール」で説明したエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールの態様とは異なる他の態様をも含むものである。
本開示における第1の他の態様は、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、高反射層と、有機材料を含む保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、上記高反射層、上記保護層、および上記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、上記高反射層および上記保護層が設けられた領域である高反射領域と、を有し、上記保護層の膜厚が、0.16μm以上1.0μm以下であり、測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の上記高反射領域における反射率が、40%以上である、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールである。
本態様における上記保護層の膜厚の下限は、0.16μm以上であれば特に限定されるものではないが、0.18以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.20μm以上である。また、上記保護増の膜厚の上限は、1.0μm以下であれば特に限定されるものではないが、0.6μm以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.33μm以下である。
本開示における第2の他の態様は、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、高反射層と、有機材料を含む保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、上記高反射層、上記保護層、および上記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、上記高反射層および上記保護層が設けられた領域である高反射領域と、を有し、測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の上記低反射領域における反射率が、2%以下であり、下記式で示されるS/N比が30以上である、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールである。
S/N比=高反射領域の反射率/低反射領域の反射率
本開示においては、上述したエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールと、上記エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールの上記低反射層が配置された側の表面に、測定光を照射する光源と、上記エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールからの反射光を検出する光検出器と、を備えることを特徴とする反射型光学式エンコーダを提供する。図2(a)は本開示の反射型光学式エンコーダの一例を示す概略斜視図である。図2(a)については、上記「A.エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール」で説明したため、ここでの説明は省略する。本開示のエンコーダは、上述したエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールを有するため、高反射領域での反射率と低反射領域での反射率との差が大きいため、光検出器22の誤検出を防止することができる。その結果、反射型光学式エンコーダ100では、光学式スケール10の読み取りが容易であり、良好なエンコーダ特性を有する。
エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールとしては、上述した「A.エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール」で説明したものと同様であるため、ここでの説明は省略する。
光源としては、例えばLED(発光ダイオード)やレーザー等である。光源から照射される光L1の波長λは、例えば、紫色~赤外(380~1000nm程度)領域であり、緑色~赤外(500~1000nm程度)領域であってもよい。光学式スケール10に対する光の入射角度は、例えば、0°以上70°以下である。
本開示に用いられる光源の光L1の波長λは、上述した「A.エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール」において、保護層の膜厚を決定するために用いた光の波長λと同程度の波長となる。
光検出器は、光学式スケールで反射された光を検出する。光検出器は、例えば、フォトダイオードや撮像素子などの受光素子(例えば、光電変換素子)を含む。
本開示における反射型光学式エンコーダは、光検出器とエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールとの間に固定スリットを含んでもよい。固定スリットを設けることで、光検出器が受光する光量の変化が大きくなり、検出感度を向上させることができる。固定スリットは、光源とエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールとの間に設けてもよい。
図9は本開示におけるエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体の概略断面図である。図9に示すエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体50は、上述のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールを製造するためのエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体であって、高反射層1と、保護層2と、低反射層形成用層30とを、厚さ方向Dにおいて、この順に有し、上記保護層の膜厚をd(μm)、上記保護層への入射光の入射角をθ(°)としたとき、下記式(1)を満たす。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは上記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
本開示における高反射層および保護層については、上述した「A.エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール」で説明した内容と同様であるため、ここでの説明は省略する。
本開示における低反射層形成用層は、上述したパターン状の低反射層を形成するためのパターニングを施す前の層であり、保護層の高反射層側とは反対側の面の全面に設けられることが好ましい。低反射層形成用層の層構成は、上述したパターン状の低反射層を同様であるため、ここでの説明は省略する。
本開示においては、上記「C-1.エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体」で説明したエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体とは異なる他の態様をも含むものである。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは上記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
高反射層として金属クロム層(屈折率3.2)を有し、高反射層上に保護層として膜厚d(μm)の有機保護層(屈折率n=1.58)を有する積層体に対し、波長λ=850nmの光が、保護層側から入射角θ(θ=0°、20°、40°および55°)で入射した場合における反射率(それぞれ、R0、R20、R40、R55)をシミュレーションにより算出した。
この際、保護層の膜厚dを、下記式(1)において、入射角θ=0°として、mを変化させた値とした。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
まず、高反射層として鏡面加工が施されたSUS製基材(厚さ400μm)を準備した。次いで、SUS製基材の鏡面加工が施された面に、カルドエポキシ樹脂を含む保護層形成用組成物を塗布し、硬化させることによって、厚さ0.27μm、屈折率1.58の保護層を形成した。次に、金属クロム層、窒化クロム層および酸化クロム層を保護層側からこの順に有する低反射層をパターン状に形成した。これにより、評価用スケールを得た。
得られた評価用スケールの高反射領域の表面粗さ、光沢度(60°グロス値)、および反射率を以下の方法により測定した。また、反射率の平均値及びレンジを算出した。結果を表4に示す。なお、保護層の膜厚(0.27μm)は、上記(1)において入射角θ=0°、入射光の波長=0.85μmとした場合におけるm=1.0の値である。
反射率は、島津製作所社製の分光光度計「SolidSpec-3700(商品名)」により測定した。この際、測定波長を850nm、(p偏光+s偏光)/2、入射角(評価用部材の表面の垂線と、入射光の方向とがなす角度)を5°~70°とした。なお、照射ビームサイズは約6mm×15mmである。
JIS B 0601-1994に準拠して、算術平均粗さRa、最大高さRy、十点平均粗さRzを測定した。
60°鏡面光沢度は、HANDY GLOSSMETER PG-II(NIPPON DENSHOKU)を用いて、JIS Z 8741に準拠して測定した。
JIS R3257:1999の規定に準拠して測定した。
保護層の無い鏡面SUSの場合は31°であった(表4の比較例2)。鏡面SUSに無機材料の保護層を形成した場合は62°であった。鏡面SUSに有機材料の保護層を形成した場合は、73°(表4の実施例1)、75°(表4の比較例1)、所定の厚さ(0.16μm以上1.0μm以下)の平均の接触角は74.3°であった。
保護層の厚さを1.0μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、評価用スケールを製造し、高反射領域の表面粗さ、光沢度および反射率を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
保護層の膜厚(1.0μm)は、上記(1)において入射角θ=0°、入射光の波長=0.85μmとした場合におけるm=3.7の値である。
高反射層として、鏡面加工が施されたSUS製基材(厚さ400μm)を準備した。次いで、保護層を形成せずに、金属クロム膜を形成した。その後、6分間、酸によるエッチングを行い、エッチングによる高反射層の表面粗さに対する影響を調査した。エッチング後の高反射層の表面粗さ、光沢度および反射率を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
高反射層(鏡面加工が施されたSUS製基材)に対し、酸によるエッチングを表4に示す時間行い、エッチング後の高反射層の表面粗さ、光沢度および反射率を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
上記実施例、比較例1、比較例2、および参考例1の評価用スケールの高反射領域に対し、測定光の波長を400nm~900nmで変化させ、入射角を5°~70°を変化させて反射率を測定した。結果を、図7(a)(実施例)、図7(b)(参考例1)、図8(a)(比較例1)、図8(b)(比較例2)に示す。
[1] エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、高反射層と、保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、上記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、上記保護層が露出している領域である高反射領域と、を有し、
前記保護層の膜厚をd(μm)、前記保護層への入射光の入射角をθ(°)としたとき、下記式(1)を満たす、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは前記保護層の屈折率であり、λは入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
[2] 前記mは、0より大きく0.3以下、0.7以上1.3以下、1.9以上2.3以下、または3.0以上3.3以下の範囲内である、[1]に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
[3] 上記保護層が、有機材料を含む、[1]または[2]に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
[4] 上記高反射層が、金属基材である、[1]から[3]のいずれかに記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
[5] 上記低反射層が、上記保護層側から、金属クロム膜と、順不同に配置された、酸化クロム膜及び窒化クロム膜と、を有する、[1]から[4]のいずれかに記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
[6] [1]から[5]までのいずれかに記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールと、上記エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールの上記低反射層が配置された側の表面に、上記測定光を照射する光源と、上記エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールからの反射光を検出する光検出器と、を備えることを特徴とする反射型光学式エンコーダ。
[7] [1]から[5]までのいずれかに記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールを製造するためのエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体であって、高反射層と、保護層と、低反射層形成用層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
前記保護層の膜厚をd(μm)、前記保護層への入射光の入射角をθ(°)としたとき、下記式(1)を満たす、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは前記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
[8]
エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、
高反射層と、有機材料を含む保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
上記高反射層、上記保護層、および上記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、上記高反射層および上記保護層が設けられた領域である高反射領域と、を有し、
上記保護層の膜厚が、0.16μm以上1.0μm以下であり、
測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の上記高反射領域における反射率が、40%以上である、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
[9]
エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、
高反射層と、有機材料を含む保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
上記高反射層、上記保護層、および上記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、上記高反射層および上記保護層が設けられた領域である高反射領域と、を有し、
測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の上記低反射領域における反射率が、2%以下であり、
下記式で示されるS/N比が30以上である、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
S/N比=高反射領域の反射率/低反射領域の反射率
[10]
上記保護層の膜厚が、0.16μm以上1.0μm以下であり、
測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の上記高反射領域における反射率が、40%以上である、[9]に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
[11]
上記保護層の水に対する接触角が、50°以上90°以下である[1]から[5]までのいずれか、または[8]から[10]までのいずれかに記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
[12]
[1]から[5]までのいずれか、または[8]から[11]までのいずれかに記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールを製造するためのエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体であって、
高反射層と、保護層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
上記保護層の膜厚をd(μm)、上記保護層への入射光の入射角をθ(°)としたとき、下記式(1)を満たす、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは上記保護層の屈折率であり、λは上記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
2 … 保護層
3 … 低反射層
3a… 酸化クロム膜
3b… 窒化クロム膜
3c… 金属クロム膜
10… エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール
50… エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体
100… 反射型光学式エンコーダ
Claims (12)
- エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、
高反射層と、保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
前記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、前記保護層が露出している領域である高反射領域と、を有し、
前記保護層の膜厚をd(μm)、前記保護層への入射光の入射角をθ(°)としたとき、下記式(1)を満たす、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは前記保護層の屈折率であり、λは前記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。) - 前記mは、0より大きく0.3以下、0.7以上1.3以下、1.9以上2.3以下、または3.0以上3.3以下の範囲内である、請求項1に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
- 前記保護層が、有機材料を含む、請求項1に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
- 前記高反射層が、金属基材である、請求項1に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
- 前記低反射層が、前記保護層側から、金属クロム膜と、順不同に配置された、酸化クロム膜及び窒化クロム膜と、を有する、請求項1に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
- 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれかの請求項に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールと、
前記エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールの前記低反射層が配置された側の表面に、測定光を照射する光源と、
前記エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールからの反射光を検出する光検出器と、を備えることを特徴とする反射型光学式エンコーダ。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれかの請求項に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールを製造するためのエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体であって、
高反射層と、保護層と、低反射層形成用層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
前記保護層の膜厚をd(μm)、前記保護層への入射光の入射角をθ(°)としたとき、下記式(1)を満たす、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは前記保護層の屈折率であり、λは前記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
- エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、
高反射層と、有機材料を含む保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
前記高反射層、前記保護層、および前記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、前記高反射層および前記保護層が設けられた領域である高反射領域と、を有し、
前記保護層の膜厚が、0.16μm以上1.0μm以下であり、
測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の前記高反射領域における反射率が、40%以上である、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。 - エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールであって、
高反射層と、有機材料を含む保護層と、パターン状に設けられた低反射層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
前記高反射層、前記保護層、および前記低反射層が設けられた領域である低反射領域と、前記高反射層および前記保護層が設けられた領域である高反射領域と、を有し、
測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の前記低反射領域における反射率が、2%以下であり、
下記式で示されるS/N比が30以上である、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
S/N比=高反射領域の反射率/低反射領域の反射率 - 前記保護層の膜厚が、0.16μm以上1.0μm以下であり、
測定光源の波長を850μmとした場合の前記高反射領域における反射率が、40%以上である、請求項9に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。 - 前記保護層の水に対する接触角が、50°以上90°以下である請求項1から請求項5までのいずれかの請求項、または請求項8から請求項10までのいずれかの請求項に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール。
- 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれかの請求項、または請求項8から請求項11までのいずれかの請求項に記載のエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケールを製造するためのエンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体であって、
高反射層と、保護層とを、厚さ方向において、この順に有し、
前記保護層の膜厚をd(μm)、前記保護層への入射光の入射角をθ(°)としたとき、下記式(1)を満たす、エンコーダ用反射型光学式スケール用積層体。
d=mλ/[2n×cos{Arcsin(sinθ/n)}] (1)
(式中、nは前記保護層の屈折率であり、λは前記入射光の波長(μm)であり、mは、0<m≦0.3、または、p-0.3≦m≦p+0.3(pは1以上3以下の整数である)を満たす数である。)
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| JP2017134073A (ja) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-08-03 | ドクトル・ヨハネス・ハイデンハイン・ゲゼルシヤフト・ミツト・ベシユレンクテル・ハフツングDr. Johannes Heidenhain Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | 基準尺とその基準尺を備えた位置測定装置 |
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| JP2017134073A (ja) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-08-03 | ドクトル・ヨハネス・ハイデンハイン・ゲゼルシヤフト・ミツト・ベシユレンクテル・ハフツングDr. Johannes Heidenhain Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung | 基準尺とその基準尺を備えた位置測定装置 |
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