WO2023228940A1 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023228940A1 WO2023228940A1 PCT/JP2023/019135 JP2023019135W WO2023228940A1 WO 2023228940 A1 WO2023228940 A1 WO 2023228940A1 JP 2023019135 W JP2023019135 W JP 2023019135W WO 2023228940 A1 WO2023228940 A1 WO 2023228940A1
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Definitions
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an example of three-dimensional mounting of a semiconductor chip.
- the use of hybrid bonding technology used in wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding is being considered in order to miniaturize wiring.
- a Chip-on-Wafer (CoW) process is used to separate semiconductor chips into individual chips. Dicing during individualization may generate debris (cut pieces). If debris adheres to a bonding interface (insulating film in hybrid bonding) of a semiconductor chip or the like, bonding defects may occur in the manufactured semiconductor device. Therefore, consideration is being given to using an organic insulating material for the insulating film at the bonding interface so that the debris can be absorbed.
- the organic insulating material has a linear expansion coefficient different from that of the metal material used for the electrodes, it expands more than the metal material due to heating during bonding, and there is a possibility that bonding between the electrodes may be inhibited.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device that can improve adhesion between electrodes in a hybrid bonding manufacturing method using an organic insulating film.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes preparing a first semiconductor substrate having a first substrate body, a first organic insulating film and a first electrode provided on one surface of the first substrate body. a step of preparing a second semiconductor substrate having a second substrate body, a second organic insulating film provided on one surface of the second substrate body and a plurality of second electrodes; and a step of individually preparing a second semiconductor substrate.
- the method also includes a step of joining the first electrode and the second electrode to each other.
- the first protrusion amount of the first electrode from the surface of the first organic insulating film and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode from the surface of the second organic insulating film or At least one of the second protrusion amounts protruding from the surface of the insulating film portion is within 130% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L expressed by the following equation (1).
- the amount of protrusion of each electrode should be the same as the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated by equation (1), but the organic insulating film has a lower elastic modulus during heating than the electrodes, so it is difficult to resist the load during thermocompression bonding. Since the organic insulating film can be pushed in, the amount of protrusion of the electrode is preferably smaller than the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated from equation (1). Thereby, the adhesion between the first electrode and the second electrode can be improved more reliably.
- the corresponding polishing be performed such that at least one of the first protrusion amount and the second protrusion amount is 20% or more of the protrusion amount ⁇ L. In this case, the bonding state between the electrodes can be made more suitable.
- polishing is performed so that the surface roughness Ra of each surface of the first organic insulating film and the first electrode is 1 nm or less
- the second semiconductor substrate is In the step of polishing, polishing may be performed so that the surface roughness Ra of each surface of the second organic insulating film and the second electrode is 1 nm or less.
- the surface roughness Ra used here is the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) defined in JIS B 0601-2001.
- the first protrusion amount and the second protrusion amount is 40 nm or more and 100 nm or less. In this case, even if the organic insulating film expands during heating, the organic insulating film does not inhibit the adhesion between the electrodes, and the adhesion between the first electrode and the second electrode can be improved.
- the first protrusion amount and the second protrusion amount is 80 nm or less.
- both the first protrusion amount and the second protrusion amount may be 60 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- the organic insulating films can be more reliably bonded to each other, and the electrodes can also be bonded to each other more reliably, making it possible to more reliably achieve both types of bonding.
- both the first protrusion amount and the second protrusion amount are preferably within 60% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L before heating the first semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor chip. .
- the organic insulating film thermally expands during heating, it is ensured that the organic insulating film does not inhibit the adhesion between the electrodes, and the adhesion between the first electrode and the second electrode can be more reliably improved. .
- the film thickness of the first organic insulating film and the second organic insulating film is 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, and the first organic insulating film and the second organic insulating film have a glass transition temperature at the time of curing. It may be formed from a resin material having a temperature of 200° C. or more and 400° C. or less, and the linear expansion coefficient of the resin material may be 30 ppm/K or more and 100 ppm/K or less. In this case, in the hybrid bonding method using an organic insulating film, the adhesion between the electrodes can be improved more reliably.
- the resin materials contained in the first organic insulating film and the second organic insulating film include bismaleimide, polyimide, polyimide precursor, polyamideimide, benzocyclobutene (BCB), polybenzoxazole (PBO ) or a PBO precursor.
- the first organic insulating film and the insulating film portion may become soft. It is possible to prevent the bonding between the first electrode and the second electrode from being inhibited.
- At least one of the first protrusion amount and the second protrusion amount may be 50% or more and 100% or less of the protrusion amount ⁇ L.
- the organic Insulating films can be more reliably joined to each other, electrodes can be joined to each other more reliably, and both types of joining can be achieved more reliably.
- the bonding step includes a step of performing temporary pressure bonding for bonding the first organic insulating film and the insulating film portion to each other, and a step of performing temporary pressure bonding for bonding the first electrode and the second electrode to each other.
- the method may also include a step of performing main compression bonding.
- the heating temperature when performing temporary pressure bonding is the first heating temperature and the heating temperature when performing main pressure bonding is the second heating temperature
- at least one of the first protrusion amount and the second protrusion amount is It is preferable that the protrusion amount is within 130% of both the protrusion amount ⁇ L at the first heating temperature and the protrusion amount ⁇ L at the second heating temperature.
- the organic insulating films can be more reliably bonded to each other, and the electrodes can also be bonded to each other more reliably, making it possible to more reliably achieve both types of bonding.
- the amount of protrusion during both preliminary crimping and actual crimping must be within 130% of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L in equation (1) above. Accordingly, it is possible to more reliably bond the organic insulating films to each other in the preliminary press bonding, and to more reliably bond the electrodes to each other in the main press bond, thereby achieving both types of bonding more reliably.
- the temperature at which the first semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor chip are heated may be 230° C. or higher and 280° C. or lower. In this case, it is possible to prevent the organic insulating films from melting too much and becoming fluid, thereby causing misalignment in the bonding between the organic insulating films or between the electrodes.
- the pressure when pressurizing the first semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor chip may be 2.5 MPa or more.
- the electrodes can be joined more reliably. Note that when the temperature at which the first semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor chip are heated is 230°C or higher and 280°C or lower, even if pressure is applied at such a high pressure (2.5 MPa or higher), bonding between organic insulating films or between electrodes will occur. It is difficult for misalignment to occur.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes preparing a first semiconductor substrate having a first substrate body, a first organic insulating film and a first electrode provided on one surface of the first substrate body. a step of preparing a second semiconductor substrate having a second substrate body, a second organic insulating film provided on one surface of the second substrate body and a plurality of second electrodes; and one surface of the first semiconductor substrate. A step of polishing the surfaces of the first organic insulating film and the first electrode disposed on the side, and a step of polishing the surfaces of the second organic insulating film and the second electrode disposed on one side of the second semiconductor substrate.
- the method includes the steps of bonding the insulating film and the insulating film portion to each other and bonding the first electrode and the second electrode to each other.
- a first level difference between a first electrode and a first organic insulating film, and a second level difference between a first electrode and a first organic insulating film are determined.
- At least one of the second step differences between the electrode and the second organic insulating film is 10 nm or less.
- the organic insulating film is set in advance so as not to inhibit the adhesion between the electrodes. It is possible to improve the adhesion with. Note that various aspects of the semiconductor device manufacturing method described above may be applied individually or in combination to the semiconductor device manufacturing method according to this other aspect.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a semiconductor device (CoW) manufactured by a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view sequentially showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 3A and 3B are schematic cross-sectional views sequentially showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 1, and show the manufacturing process after the step shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the height of the electrode and the height of the organic insulating film in the method of manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the protrusion amount of the electrode and the crimping yield in the example.
- FIG. 6 is an observed cross-sectional photograph showing the degree of adhesion to the electrode when hybrid bonding is performed using two types of electrode protrusion amounts (Cu protrusion amounts) and two types of organic insulating materials.
- the term “layer” includes a structure that is formed on the entire surface as well as a structure that is formed on a part of the layer when observed as a plan view.
- the term “process” does not only refer to an independent process, but also refers to a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, as long as the intended effect of the process is achieved. included.
- a numerical range indicated using “ ⁇ ” indicates a range that includes the numerical values written before and after " ⁇ " as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a semiconductor device manufactured by a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to an embodiment.
- a semiconductor device 1 is an example of a semiconductor package, and includes a first semiconductor substrate 10 and a plurality of semiconductor chips 20, and has a Chip-on-wafer (CoW) structure.
- the plurality of semiconductor chips 20 are manufactured by dividing a second semiconductor substrate 200A (see (f) in FIG. 2), which will be described later, into individual pieces by dicing.
- a plurality of semiconductor chips 20 are mounted on the first semiconductor substrate 10 to form a three-dimensional mounting structure.
- the first semiconductor substrate 10 is a substrate on which a plurality of semiconductor chips, such as LSI (Large scale Integrated Circuit) chips or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) sensors, are formed at locations corresponding to each semiconductor chip 20. may be used, but is not limited to these.
- Each semiconductor chip 20 may be a semiconductor chip such as an LSI or a memory, but is not limited thereto.
- the first semiconductor substrate 10 and the plurality of semiconductor chips 20 are finely bonded to each other by a hybrid bonding method using an organic insulating film, which will be described later, so that the respective terminal electrodes and the organic insulating films around them are firmly and precisely bonded to each other without any displacement. ing.
- the semiconductor device 1 includes one semiconductor chip 20 further cut into pieces from the configuration shown in FIG. 1, and a substrate portion that is a part of the first semiconductor substrate 10 corresponding to the one semiconductor chip 20. It may be further diced into individual semiconductor devices 1A (see (d) in FIG. 3).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view sequentially showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view sequentially showing a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 1, and is a schematic diagram showing a process performed after the process shown in FIG. 2.
- the semiconductor device 1 can be manufactured, for example, through the following steps (a) to (g).
- Step (a) is a step of preparing a first semiconductor substrate, which is a silicon substrate, on which an integrated circuit consisting of semiconductor elements and wiring connecting them is formed.
- a plating base layer 102 is formed on one surface 101a of the first substrate body 101 made of silicon or the like, and a dry film resist is formed on the plating base layer 102.
- a resist layer 103 having a plurality of openings 103a in a predetermined pattern is formed using (DFR).
- the plating base layer 102 is, for example, a Ti/Cu film, and is exposed through the plurality of openings 103a.
- Plating base layer 102 may be formed from other materials.
- the resist layer 103 is formed, as shown in FIG. 2B, copper is deposited in each opening 103a by electroplating to form the first electrode 104.
- the first electrode 104 may be formed from a material other than copper.
- the resist layer 103 is removed. As a result, a gap 104a is formed between the plurality of first electrodes 104.
- an organic insulating material used for the first insulating film is prepared.
- the organic insulating material used here is, for example, polyimide (PI), which is a resin material whose glass transition temperature Tg after curing is 250°C or higher and whose linear expansion coefficient is 30 ppm/K or more and 100 ppm/K or less.
- PI polyimide
- the organic insulating material used for the first insulating film is another resin material having a glass transition temperature Tg of 200°C or more and 400°C or less after curing, and a linear expansion coefficient of 30ppm/K or more and 100ppm/K or less. There may be.
- organic insulating materials other than polyimide include polyimide precursors (e.g., polyimiamic esters or polyamic acids), polyamideimide, bismaleimide, benzocyclobutene (BCB), polybenzoxazole (PBO), or PBO precursors. can be used. These organic insulating materials have a lower elastic modulus than inorganic materials such as silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), and are soft materials. By using such an organic material, when bonding organic insulating films together in step (g) described below, even if there is minute debris on the insulating film, it will be absorbed into the organic insulating film, preventing bonding defects due to debris. This makes it possible to prevent this and ensure the bonding of organic insulating films to each other.
- the organic insulating material is prepared as a liquid or a solvent-soluble material.
- the organic insulating material 105 is applied onto one surface 101a of the first substrate body 101 by spin coating. As a result, the organic insulating material 105 fills the gaps 104a between the first electrodes 104 and covers the entire plurality of first electrodes 104.
- the semi-finished product containing the organic insulating material 105 is heated at a high temperature (for example, 350° C. or higher) for a predetermined period of time (for example, 2 hours), as shown in FIG. 2(e). Then, the organic insulating material 105 is cured. As a result, the organic insulating material 105 is cured, and the first insulating film 105A is formed.
- the first semiconductor substrate 100 is formed.
- Step (b) is a process similar to step (a), and is a step of preparing a second semiconductor substrate, which is a silicon substrate, on which an integrated circuit including semiconductor elements and wiring connecting them is formed.
- a plating base layer 202 is formed on one surface 201a of the second substrate body 201 made of silicon or the like, and a dry film resist is formed on the plating base layer 202. is used to form a resist layer 203 having a plurality of openings 203a in a predetermined pattern.
- the resist layer 203 is formed, as shown in FIG. 2B, copper is deposited in each opening 203a by electroplating to form a second electrode 204.
- the second electrode 204 may be formed from materials other than copper.
- the resist layer 203 is removed. As a result, gaps 204a are formed between the plurality of second electrodes 204.
- an organic insulating material used for the second insulating film is prepared.
- the organic insulating material used here is, for example, polyimide, which is a resin material having a glass transition temperature Tg of 250° C. or higher after curing and a linear expansion coefficient of 30 ppm/K or more and 100 ppm/K or less.
- the organic insulating material used for the second insulating film is another resin material having a glass transition temperature Tg of 200°C or more and 400°C or less after curing, and a linear expansion coefficient of 30ppm/K or more and 100ppm/K or less. There may be.
- organic insulating materials used for the second insulating film may be the same as other organic insulating materials used for the first insulating film, and their description will be omitted.
- the organic insulating material 205 is applied onto one surface 201a of the second substrate body 201 by spin coating. As a result, the organic insulating material 205 fills the gaps 204a between the second electrodes 204 and covers the entire plurality of second electrodes 204. Once the organic insulating material 205 is applied in this manner, the semi-finished product containing the organic insulating material 205 is heated at a high temperature (for example, 350° C.
- the organic insulating material 205 is cured. As a result, the organic insulating material 205 is cured, and a second insulating film 205A is formed. Through the above steps, the second semiconductor substrate 200 is formed.
- Step (c) Subsequently, when the first semiconductor substrate 100 including the first insulating film 105A made of a cured organic insulating material is formed, as shown in FIGS. 2(e) and 2(f), the surface of the first insulating film 105A 105a is polished using a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method. In step (c), not only the first insulating film 105A but also the tip of the first electrode 104 is polished. In step (c), as shown in FIG. 4A, the tip 104b of the first electrode 104 is selectively polished by CMP so that it protrudes from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B.
- CMP Chemical Mechanical Polishing
- the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B takes into account that the first insulating film 105B expands due to heating during bonding in step (g) described later.
- the protrusion amount ⁇ L is set based on the following equation (2).
- D is the film thickness of the first insulating film 105B (before heating, room temperature, unit is ( ⁇ m))
- ⁇ T is the temperature (room temperature) before bonding in step (g).
- ⁇ PI is the temperature difference in heating temperature during bonding
- ⁇ PI is the linear expansion coefficient (10 ⁇ 6 /K) of the material (PI: polyimide) constituting the first insulating film 105A (corresponds to ⁇ 1)
- ⁇ Cu is the linear expansion coefficient (10 ⁇ 6 /K) of the material (copper) constituting the first electrode 104 (corresponds to ⁇ 2).
- the room temperature here is 25°C.
- the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B may match the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated from the above equation (2), but it may be within 130% of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L. Any amount of protrusion may be sufficient, and the protrusion amount is preferably within 85% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L, and preferably within 60% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L. That is, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 is preferably smaller than the calculated amount of protrusion ⁇ L.
- the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B may be 20% or more of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated from the above equation (2). It is preferable that the protrusion amount is 40% or more with respect to ⁇ L. Further, even if the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B is 50% or more and less than 100% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L calculated from the above equation (2), good.
- the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B is preferably 40 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 60 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- the above-described selective polishing by CMP can be realized by changing the material composition or polishing rate of the slurry used in the CMP method.
- Debris and the like on the surface of the first semiconductor substrate 100A are also removed by CMP polishing.
- the surface of the first semiconductor substrate 100A that is, the surface roughness Ra of the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the surface of the tip 104b of the first electrode 104 is polished to 1 nm or less. be done.
- the bonding can be performed more reliably when bonding is performed in step (g) described later.
- the surface roughness Ra used here is the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) defined in JIS B 0601-2001.
- the thickness of the first insulating film 105B after being polished in this manner may be, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- Step (d) Subsequently, when the second insulating film 205A made of a cured organic insulating material is formed, as in step (c), as shown in FIGS. 2(e) and 2(f), the second insulating film 205A is The surface 205a is polished using the CMP method. In step (d), not only the second insulating film 205A but also the tip of the second electrode 204 is polished. In step (d), for example, the tip 204b of the second electrode 204 is selectively polished by CMP so that it protrudes from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B.
- the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B is determined by heating during bonding in step (g) described later.
- the protrusion amount ⁇ L is set, for example, based on the above equation (2).
- D is the film thickness of the second insulating film 205B (before heating, at room temperature)
- ⁇ T is the thickness of the second insulating film 205B in step (g).
- ⁇ PI is the linear expansion coefficient of the material (PI: polyimide) constituting the second insulating film 205A
- ⁇ Cu is the temperature difference between the temperature before bonding (room temperature) and the heating temperature during bonding. This is the linear expansion coefficient of the material (copper) that constitutes the two electrodes 204.
- the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B may match the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated from the above equation (2), as in the case of the first electrode 104.
- the protrusion amount may be within 130% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L, preferably within 85% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L, and the protrusion amount should be within 60% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L. is preferred. That is, the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 is preferably smaller than the calculated amount of protrusion ⁇ L.
- the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B may be 20% or more of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated from the above equation (2). It is preferable that the protrusion amount is 40% or more with respect to ⁇ L. Further, even if the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B is between 50% and 100% of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated from the above equation (2), good.
- the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B is preferably 40 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and more preferably 60 nm or more and 80 nm or less.
- the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 may be the same as the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104, or may be different. If the protrusion amount of the second electrode 204 and the protrusion amount of the first electrode 104 are different, the arithmetic mean value of the protrusion amount ⁇ L1 of the first electrode 104 and the protrusion amount ⁇ L2 of the second electrode 204 is calculated from the above formula (2).
- the amount of protrusion is equal to or within the above-mentioned range (for example, within 130% of ⁇ L).
- the second electrode 204 may have a shape recessed from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B
- the first electrode 104 may have a shape protruding from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B by the above-mentioned amount.
- the configuration may be reversed.
- the arithmetic mean value described above is calculated by taking the amount of the recessed electrode from the surface of the insulating film as a minus and the amount of the protruding electrode from the surface of the insulating film as a plus. It is preferable that this arithmetic mean value coincides with the protrusion amount ⁇ L calculated from the above equation (2) or is within the above-mentioned range (for example, within 130% of ⁇ L).
- Debris and the like on the surface of the second semiconductor substrate 200A are also removed by CMP polishing.
- the surface of the second semiconductor substrate 200A that is, the surface roughness Ra of the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B and the surface of the tip 204b of the second electrode 204 is polished to 1 nm or less. be done.
- the thickness of the second insulating film 205A after being polished in this manner may be, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- step (e) the polished second semiconductor substrate 200A is divided into pieces, and the insulating film portion 205C corresponding to the second insulating film 205B and at least one A plurality of semiconductor chips 20 each having two electrodes 204 are obtained.
- step (e) as shown in FIG. 3A, the second semiconductor substrate 200 is placed on the dicing tape 206, and the second semiconductor substrate 200 is cut by dicing or the like from the second insulating film 205B toward the second substrate body 201.
- the semiconductor chips 20 are singulated into a plurality of semiconductor chips 20 by a means.
- the second insulating film 205B may be coated with a protective material or the like and then diced.
- the second insulating film 205B of the second semiconductor substrate 200A is divided into insulating film portions 205C corresponding to each semiconductor chip 20, as shown in FIG. 3(a). Further, the second substrate body 201 is similarly divided into corresponding substrate portions 201B.
- a dicing method for dividing the second semiconductor substrate 200A into pieces for example, plasma dicing, stealth dicing, or laser dicing can be used.
- Step (f) Subsequently, when the second semiconductor substrate 200A is divided into pieces to form a plurality of semiconductor chips 20, each semiconductor is separated from the first electrode 104 of the first semiconductor substrate 100A, as shown in FIG. 3(b). The second electrode 204 of the chip 20 is aligned. In step (f), the semiconductor chip 20 is picked up using the bonding pad P, and the second electrode 204 is aligned with the first electrode 104.
- Step (g) Subsequently, when the second electrode 204 of the semiconductor chip 20 is positioned with respect to the first electrode 104 of the first semiconductor substrate 100A, the first semiconductor substrate 100A and the semiconductor chip 20 are aligned as shown in FIG. While heating to a predetermined high temperature, for example 200° C. to 350° C., the semiconductor chip 20 is pressed against the first semiconductor substrate 100A at a predetermined pressure (for example, 0.8 MPa). This pressing process is continued for about one hour using the pressing member R, for example. The heating described above is maintained during this pressing process. During this heat treatment, in the first semiconductor substrate 100A, the first insulating film 105B thermally expands (the first electrode 104 also thermally expands), as shown in FIG.
- a predetermined high temperature for example 200° C. to 350° C.
- a predetermined pressure for example, 0.8 MPa
- the surface 105b of the first electrode 104 comes to substantially coincide with the surface 104b of the first electrode 104. More specifically, the amount of step difference (first step amount) between the first electrode 104 and the first insulating film 105B is 10 nm or less.
- the amount of step here is the amount of depression when the surface 104b of the first electrode 104 is depressed more than the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B, and the amount of step is the amount of depression when the surface 104b of the first electrode 104 is more depressed than the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B. When it protrudes beyond the surface 105b, it means the amount of protrusion.
- the insulating film portion 205C of the semiconductor chip 20 also thermally expands (the second electrode 204 also thermally expands), as shown in FIG.
- the surface 205c of the electrode 205C comes to substantially coincide with the surface 204b of the second electrode 204.
- the amount of step difference between the second electrode 204 and the insulating film portion 205C is 10 nm or less.
- the amount of step here is the amount of recess when the surface 204b of the second electrode 204 is recessed than the surface 205c of the insulating film portion 205C, and the surface 204b of the second electrode 204 is the amount of recess than the surface 205c of the insulating film portion 205C. If it protrudes more than that, it means the amount of protrusion.
- the surface 104b of the first electrode 104 and the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B substantially coincide with each other, and the surface 204b of the second electrode 204 substantially coincides with each other during heating.
- Hybrid bonding is performed in a state where the surface 205c of the insulating film portion 205C substantially coincides with the surface 205c of the insulating film portion 205C.
- the semiconductor device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- step (g) includes a step of performing temporary pressure bonding to bond the first insulating film 105B and the insulating film portion 205C to each other. , and a step of performing main pressure bonding for joining the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 to each other.
- the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B substantially coincides with the surface 104b of the first electrode 104 (for example, the surface 105b of the first electrode 104
- the height difference between the second insulating film 205B and the first insulating film 105B is 10 nm or less
- the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B substantially coincides with the surface 204b of the second electrode 204 (for example, the second electrode 204 and the second insulating film 205B It is preferable that the amount of step difference between the two layers is 10 nm or less.
- the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B of the second electrode 204 are determined. Even if the temperature at the time of temporary crimping (first temperature) and the temperature at the time of main crimping (second temperature) are applied to the above-mentioned formula (2), the amount of protrusion is calculated as follows. Preferably, the range is within the range.
- the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 before heating is within 130% of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated by applying the temperatures of preliminary crimping and main crimping to equation (2).
- the amount of protrusion is preferably within 85% of each amount of protrusion ⁇ L, and the amount of protrusion is preferably within 60% of each amount of protrusion ⁇ L.
- the amount of protrusion before heating of the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 is 20% of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated by applying the temperatures of preliminary crimping and final crimping to equation (2).
- any protrusion amount above is sufficient, and it is preferable that the protrusion amount is 40% or more with respect to each protrusion amount ⁇ L.
- the amount of protrusion before heating of the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 is calculated based on the amount of protrusion ⁇ L calculated by applying the temperatures of preliminary crimping and main crimping to equation (2).
- the protrusion amount may be 50% or more and 100% or less.
- the heating temperature and pressure in the temporary crimping and the heating temperature and pressure in the main crimping may be different in both temperature and pressure, or may be partially different. You can leave it there.
- the heating temperature in preliminary pressure bonding may be 150°C to 400°C
- the heating temperature in main pressure bonding may be 200°C to 350°C.
- the pressurizing pressure in the preliminary press-bonding may be 1 MPa to 6 MPa
- the pressurizing pressure in the main press-bonding may be 1 MPa to 20 MPa.
- the pressurizing pressure is 2.5 MPa or higher and 3 MPa or higher. , 5 MPa or more, or 7 MPa or more, it has been found that it is difficult for the semiconductor chip 20 to be misaligned with respect to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 are elastically deformed by the pressure.
- shrinking the apparent ⁇ L in equation (2) becomes smaller, so that even if the protrusion amount ⁇ L is larger than the above-mentioned preferable range, it is possible to connect appropriately and to lower the bonding temperature.
- the first semiconductor substrate 100 and the plurality of semiconductor chips 20, which are thus bonded to each other by hybrid bonding, may be further divided into individual pieces as shown in FIG. 3(d).
- This semiconductor device 1A includes at least one semiconductor chip 20 and a substrate portion 201B of the first semiconductor substrate 100 that corresponds to the semiconductor chip 20.
- the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and One or both of the protrusion amounts by which the second electrode 204 protrudes from the surface 205c of the insulating film portion 205C are within 130% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L expressed by the above equation (2). That is, in a stage before heating, the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 are set to protrude a predetermined amount from the surface of the organic insulating film, and the organic insulating film thermally expands during heating.
- the organic insulating film also prevents the electrodes from interfering with each other. Therefore, according to this manufacturing method, even when an organic insulating material is used for the insulating film, the adhesion between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 can be improved.
- one or both of the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 before heating and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 before heating may be 40 nm or more and 100 nm or less. In this case, even if the organic insulating film expands during heating, the adhesion between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 can be improved by preventing the organic insulating film from interfering with the butting or adhesion of the electrodes.
- one or both of the amount of protrusion before heating of the first electrode 104 and the amount of protrusion before heating of the second electrode 204 may be 60 nm or more and 80 nm or less. In this case, even if the organic insulating film expands during heating, the adhesion between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 can be improved by preventing the organic insulating film from interfering with the butting or adhesion of the electrodes.
- the height difference between the first electrode 104 and the first insulating film 105B is reduced by heating.
- the amount of step difference between the second electrode 204 and the insulating film portion 204C is, for example, 10 nm or less.
- each organic insulating film may thermally expand.
- the organic insulating film can prevent the electrodes from butting or adhering to each other. This can be more reliably prevented. Therefore, according to this manufacturing method, the adhesion between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 can be improved more reliably.
- the resin material included in the first insulating film 105B and the second insulating film 205B is bismaleimide, polyimide, polyimide precursor, polyamideimide, benzocyclobutene (BCB), etc. , polybenzoxazole (PBO), or a PBO precursor.
- the insulating film portion 205C corresponding to the first insulating film 105B and the second insulating film 205B will soften. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the bonding between the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 from being inhibited.
- one or both of the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 before heating and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 before heating is calculated by the above equation (2).
- the protrusion amount may be 50% or more and less than 100% of the protrusion amount ⁇ L.
- bonding between organic insulating films can be achieved. It has been found that it is possible to more reliably perform both types of bonding, as well as to bond the electrodes more reliably, thereby achieving both types of bonding more reliably.
- the surface roughness Ra of each surface of the first insulating film 105B and the first electrode 104 is set to 1 nm or less.
- polishing is performed so that the surface roughness Ra of each surface of the second insulating film 205B and the second electrode 204 is 1 nm or less. Since the surface roughness Ra of the organic insulating film to be bonded is reduced by such polishing, when bonding the semiconductor chip 20 to the first semiconductor substrate 100A, the first insulating film 105B and the semiconductor chip 20 are It becomes possible to increase the bonding strength with the insulating film portion 205C. Similarly, the first electrode 104 and the second electrode 204 can be joined more reliably, and the connection resistance between the electrodes can be more reliably lowered.
- the bonding step (g) includes a step of performing temporary pressure bonding to bond the first insulating film 105B and the insulating film portion 205C to each other, and and a step of performing main pressure bonding for joining the second electrode 204 and the second electrode 204 to each other.
- the heating temperature when performing temporary pressure bonding is the first heating temperature and the heating temperature when performing main pressure bonding is the second heating temperature
- the protrusion amount of the first electrode 104 before heating and the second One or both of the protrusion amounts of the electrode 204 before heating may be within 130% of both the protrusion amount ⁇ L at the first heating temperature and the protrusion amount ⁇ L at the second heating temperature. preferable.
- the organic insulating films can be more reliably bonded to each other, and the electrodes can also be bonded to each other more reliably, making it possible to more reliably achieve both types of bonding.
- the amount of protrusion in both preliminary crimping and main crimping must be within 130% of the amount of protrusion ⁇ L in equation (2) above. Accordingly, it is possible to more reliably bond the organic insulating films to each other in the preliminary press bonding, and to more reliably bond the electrodes to each other in the main press bond, thereby achieving both types of bonding more reliably.
- a pair of test wafers corresponding to the first semiconductor substrate 100A and the second semiconductor substrate 200A (a plurality of semiconductor chips 20) described above were prepared.
- polyimide HD4100 manufactured by HD Microsystems, trade name
- polyimide HD7010 manufactured by HD Microsystems, trade name
- Polyimide HD4100 had a glass transition temperature of 290° C. after curing and a coefficient of linear expansion (CTE) of 100 ppm/K (10 ⁇ 6 /° C.).
- Polyimide HD7010 had a glass transition temperature of 267°C after curing and a coefficient of linear expansion (CTE) of 75 ppm/K. Note that the linear expansion coefficient of copper used for the electrode was 16.8 ppm/K (10 ⁇ 6 /° C.).
- Example 1 a large number of first electrodes 104, which are copper pillars (Cu) having a square size of 10 ⁇ m and a height of 6 ⁇ m, are semi-fabricated on the first substrate main body 101, which is a silicon substrate, by the method shown in FIG. It was produced using the additive method. Thereafter, the above-described polyimide HD4100 was spin-coated onto the first substrate body 101 so as to cover the first electrode 104, and was cured by baking at 375° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thereafter, the surfaces of the first electrode 104 and the cured product of polyimide HD4100 (corresponding to the first insulating film 105A) were polished by CMP. In this way, a first semiconductor substrate 100A was manufactured.
- Cu copper pillars
- a second semiconductor substrate 200A was manufactured using the same method. During this polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B were 46.7 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the surface roughness Ra of each surface of the first semiconductor substrate 100A and the second semiconductor substrate 200A polished by CMP was 0.667 nm.
- the surface roughness Ra of the surface of the organic insulating layer was 0.375 nm.
- Surface roughness Ra was measured using a scanning probe microscope SPI4000 (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies, Inc., trade name) in accordance with the method for measuring arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) specified in JIS B 0601-2001. It was done.
- one of the first test wafers corresponding to the second semiconductor substrate 200A was diced using a blade dicer DFD-6362 (manufactured by DISCO, trade name) to separate it into a plurality of semiconductor chips.
- the size of the diced chips was 5 mm x 5 mm.
- the 18 individualized semiconductor chips (corresponding to the semiconductor chip 20) are pressed against each other after the electrodes are aligned with the other side of the first test wafer (corresponding to the first semiconductor substrate 100A).
- the mixture was heated at 300°C for 2 hours.
- the temperature difference before and after heating was 275°C.
- the pressing force was 0.8 MP.
- the crimping yield was 100%. That is, it was confirmed that all the semiconductor chips were in close contact with the first semiconductor substrate 100A. Note that whether or not crimping was possible was determined by touching the crimped semiconductor chip with tweezers and checking whether or not it fell off.
- Example 2 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the difference from Example 1 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are set to 78. .8 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the 18 diced semiconductor chips were bonded under heat and pressure to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for heat compression bonding were the same as in Example 1, for example, the compression bonding temperature was 300° C. (temperature difference before and after heating: 275° C.). When checking whether crimping was performed, the crimping yield was 17%.
- Example 3 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the difference from Example 1 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are set to 12. .7 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the 90 diced semiconductor chips were bonded under heat and pressure to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for thermocompression bonding were the same as in Example 1 except that the heating temperature was 350°C (temperature difference before and after heating: 325°C). When it was confirmed that the crimping was done, the crimping yield was 100%.
- Example 4 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the difference from Example 1 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are set to 46. .7 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the 18 diced semiconductor chips were bonded under heat and pressure to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for thermocompression bonding were the same as in Example 1 except that the heating temperature was 350°C (temperature difference before and after heating: 325°C). When it was confirmed that the crimping was done, the crimping yield was 100%.
- Example 5 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the difference from Example 1 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are set to 78. .8 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the 18 diced semiconductor chips were bonded under heat and pressure to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for thermocompression bonding were the same as in Example 1 except that the heating temperature was 350°C (temperature difference before and after heating: 325°C). When checking whether crimping was performed, the crimping yield was 83%.
- Example 6 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the material used for the insulating film was changed to polyimide HD7010.
- the difference from Example 1 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are set to 13. .0 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 4.2 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the 90 diced semiconductor chips were bonded under heat and pressure to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for thermocompression bonding were the same as in Example 1 except that the heating temperature was 350°C (temperature difference before and after heating: 325°C). When it was confirmed that the crimping was done, the crimping yield was 100%.
- Example 7 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 6.
- the difference from Example 6 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B were set to 91. .5 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the 12 diced semiconductor chips were bonded under heat and pressure to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for heat compression bonding were the same as in Example 6, for example, the heating temperature was 350°C. When checking whether crimping was performed, the crimping yield was 17%.
- Example 8 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as Example 6.
- the difference from Example 6 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are set to 52. .7 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the six diced semiconductor chips were bonded under heat and pressure to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for heat-compression bonding were different from those in Example 6, for example, the heating temperature was 300° C. (the temperature difference before and after heating was 275° C.). When checking whether crimping was performed, the crimping yield was 67%.
- a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 6.
- the difference from Example 6 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are The wavelength was set to 91.5 nm. Further, the thickness D of each insulating film was 3.9 ⁇ m.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and the six diced semiconductor chips were pressure-bonded to the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the conditions for compression bonding were the same as in Example 6 except that the heating temperature was 300°C (the temperature difference before and after heating was 275°C). When checking whether crimping was performed, the crimping yield was 0%.
- Table 2 below shows the relationship between the protrusion amount and the crimping yield in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example.
- Table 2 below shows the calculated value of ⁇ L calculated based on equation (2) and the deviation rate of the actual protrusion amount of the electrode from the calculated value of ⁇ L.
- the deviation rate is the value (percentage) obtained by dividing the protrusion amount of the electrode by the calculated value of ⁇ L. Note that a similar relationship is also shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the adhesion state of the electrodes in Example 3, Example 5, Example 6, and Example 7. More specifically, the photograph with an electrode protrusion of 10 nm and a PI type of HD4100 corresponds to Example 3, and the photograph with an electrode protrusion of 80 nm and a PI type of HD4100 corresponds to Example 5, with an electrode protrusion of 80 nm and a PI type of HD4100.
- the photograph with a PI type of HD7010 at 10 nm corresponds to Example 6, and the photograph with an electrode protrusion of 80 nm and a PI type of HD7010 corresponds to Example 7. Note that in all examples, the compression bonding temperature was 350°C. As shown in FIG.
- Example 6 in Example 5 and Example 7, in which the electrode protrusion amount is 80 nm, the bonding surfaces of the electrodes are fused together, compared to Example 3 and Example 6, in which the electrode protrusion amount is 10 nm. It was confirmed that a more suitable adhesion state was achieved. That is, it was confirmed that when the deviation rate from the calculated value of ⁇ L was 20% or more, the electrodes were in a more suitable adhesion state.
- the deviation rate of the protrusion amount of the electrode from the calculated value of ⁇ L is 75%, that is, the deviation rate is within the range of 50% to 100%. It has been found that in addition to improving the bonding strength between electrodes, the strength of bonding between electrodes can also be improved. That is, it has been found that it is possible to simultaneously improve the bonding strength between organic insulating films and the bonding strength between electrodes.
- Example 9 a first semiconductor substrate 100A and a second semiconductor substrate 200A were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 8. The difference from Example 8 is that during CMP polishing, the amount of protrusion of the first electrode 104 from the surface 105b of the first insulating film 105B and the amount of protrusion of the second electrode 204 from the surface 205b of the second insulating film 205B are It was set to 60 nm.
- the second semiconductor substrate 200A produced in this manner was diced into a plurality of semiconductor chips, and one diced semiconductor chip was heat-pressed onto the first semiconductor substrate 100A.
- the electrodes were connected in a daisy chain.
- the conditions for heat compression bonding were different from those in Example 8, in which the heating temperature was 250°C (the temperature difference before and after heating was 225°C). Further, the pressurization pressures were 3 MPa, 5 MPa, and 7.5 MPa, respectively. In this bonding method, by lowering the heating temperature, almost no displacement of the semiconductor chip occurred even when the pressurizing pressure was increased to 3 MPa or more (2.5 MPa or more).
- the heating temperature was 300°C
- the semiconductor chip slightly misaligned (approximately 7 ⁇ m) when the pressurizing pressure was 3 MPa, and the pressurizing pressure was 5 MPa. When this was done, the semiconductor chip was misaligned (approximately 17 ⁇ m).
- the electrode by making the electrode protrude by a predetermined amount from the surface of the organic insulating film in consideration of the expansion of the organic insulating film, the electrode can be formed using the hybrid bonding method using the organic insulating film. It was confirmed that the adhesion between the two could be improved.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、一実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法によって製造される半導体装置の一例を模式的に示す断面図である。図1に示すように、半導体装置1は、例えば半導体パッケージの一例であり、第1半導体基板10と複数の半導体チップ20とを備えており、Chip-on-wafer(CoW)構造を有している。複数の半導体チップ20は、後述する第2半導体基板200A(図2の(f)を参照)をダイシングにより個片化することで作製される。複数の半導体チップ20が第1半導体基板10上に実装されて三次元実装構造となる。第1半導体基板10は、例えばLSI(Large scale Integrated Circuit:大規模集積回路)チップ又はCMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)センサ等の複数の半導体チップが各半導体チップ20に対応する箇所に形成された基板であってもよいが、これらに限定されない。各半導体チップ20は、例えばLSI又はメモリ等の半導体チップであってもよいが、これらに限定されない。第1半導体基板10と複数の半導体チップ20とは、後述する有機絶縁膜を用いたハイブリッドボンディング製法により、それぞれの端子電極とその周りの有機絶縁膜同士が強固且つ位置ズレせずに微細接合されている。なお、半導体装置1は、図1に示す構成から更に個片化された1の半導体チップ20と、1の半導体チップ20に対応する第1半導体基板10の一部である基板部分とを備える、個別の半導体装置1Aに更に個片化されてもよい(図3の(d)を参照)。
次に、半導体装置1の製造方法について、図2及び図3を参照して、説明する。図2は、図1に示す半導体装置を製造するための方法を順に示す模式的な断面図である。図3は、図1に示す半導体装置を製造するための方法を順に示す模式的な断面図であり、図2に示す工程の後に行われる工程を示す模式図である。
(a)第1基板本体と、該第1基板本体の一面に設けられた第1有機絶縁膜及び第1電極とを有する第1半導体基板を準備する工程。
(b)第2基板本体と、該第2基板本体の一面に設けられた第2有機絶縁膜及び複数の第2電極とを有する第2半導体基板を準備する工程。
(c)前記第1半導体基板の前記一面側に配置されている前記第1有機絶縁膜及び前記第1電極の表面を研磨する工程。
(d)前記第2半導体基板の前記一面側に配置されている前記第2有機絶縁膜及び前記第2電極の表面を研磨する工程。
(e)研磨された前記第2半導体基板を個片化し、前記第2有機絶縁膜に対応する絶縁膜部分と少なくとも1つの前記第2電極とをそれぞれが備えた複数の半導体チップを取得する工程。
(f)前記第1半導体基板の前記第1電極に対して前記複数の半導体チップの内の少なくとも1つの半導体チップの前記第2電極の位置合わせを行う工程。
(g)前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加熱及び加圧して、前記第1有機絶縁膜と前記絶縁膜部分とを互いに接合すると共に、前記第1電極と前記第2電極とを互いに接合する工程。
工程(a)は、半導体素子及びそれらを接続する配線などからなる集積回路が形成されたシリコン基板である第1半導体基板を準備する工程である。工程(a)では、図2の(a)に示すように、シリコン等からなる第1基板本体101の一面101aに、メッキ下地層102を形成すると共に、メッキ下地層102の上にドライフィルムレジスト(DFR)を用いて、所定パターンの複数の開口103aを有するレジスト層103を形成する。メッキ下地層102は、例えば、Ti/Cu膜であり、複数の開口103aに露出する。メッキ下地層102は、他の材料から形成されてもよい。レジスト層103が形成されると、図2の(b)に示すように、各開口103a内に電気メッキにより銅を析出させて第1電極104を形成する。第1電極104は、銅以外の材料から形成されてもよい。その後、図2の(c)に示すように、レジスト層103を除去する。これにより、複数の第1電極104の間に空隙104aが形成される。
工程(b)は、工程(a)と同様のプロセスであり、半導体素子及びそれらを接続する配線などからなる集積回路が形成されたシリコン基板である第2半導体基板を準備する工程である。工程(b)では、図2の(a)に示すように、シリコン等からなる第2基板本体201の一面201aに、メッキ下地層202を形成すると共に、メッキ下地層202の上にドライフィルムレジストを用いて、所定パターンの複数の開口203aを有するレジスト層203を形成する。レジスト層203が形成されると、図2の(b)に示すように、各開口203a内に電気メッキにより銅を析出させて第2電極204を形成する。第2電極204は、銅以外の材料から形成されてもよい。その後、図2の(c)に示すように、レジスト層203を除去する。これにより、複数の第2電極204の間に空隙204aが形成される。
続いて、硬化した有機絶縁材料からなる第1絶縁膜105Aを含む第1半導体基板100が形成されると、図2の(e)及び(f)に示すように、第1絶縁膜105Aの表面105aをCMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing)法を用いて研磨する。工程(c)では、第1絶縁膜105Aだけでなく、第1電極104の先端部分も研磨する。工程(c)では、図4の(a)に示すように、第1電極104の先端104bが、第1絶縁膜105Bの表面105bから突出するように選択的にCMP法で研磨する。第1電極104の第1絶縁膜105Bの表面105bからの突出量(第1突出量)は、後述する工程(g)で接合される際の加熱によって第1絶縁膜105Bが膨張することを考慮して、例えば、以下の式(2)に基づく突出量ΔLに設定されている。
続いて、硬化した有機絶縁材料からなる第2絶縁膜205Aが形成されると、工程(c)と同様に、図2の(e)及び(f)に示すように、第2絶縁膜205Aの表面205aをCMP法を用いて研磨する。工程(d)では、第2絶縁膜205Aだけでなく、第2電極204の先端部分も研磨する。工程(d)では、例えば、第2電極204の先端204bが、第2絶縁膜205Bの表面205bから突出するように選択的にCMP法で研磨する。第2電極204の第2絶縁膜205Bの表面205bからの突出量(第2突出量)は、第1電極104の突出量と同様に、後述する工程(g)で接合される際の加熱によって第2絶縁膜205Bが膨張することを考慮して、例えば、上記の式(2)に基づく突出量ΔLに設定される。但し、第2電極204の突出量を算出する場合、上記の式(2)における、Dは、第2絶縁膜205Bの膜厚(加熱前、室温)であり、ΔTは、工程(g)での接合前の温度(室温)と接合時の加熱温度の温度差であり、αPIは、第2絶縁膜205Aを構成する材料(PI:ポリイミド)の線膨張係数であり、αCuは、第2電極204を構成する材料(銅)の線膨張係数である。
続いて、第2半導体基板200Aの研磨が終了すると、工程(e)では、研磨された第2半導体基板200Aを個片化し、第2絶縁膜205Bに対応する絶縁膜部分205Cと少なくとも1つの第2電極204とをそれぞれが備えた複数の半導体チップ20を取得する。工程(e)では、図3の(a)に示すように、第2半導体基板200をダイシングテープ206上に配置して、第2絶縁膜205Bから第2基板本体201に向かってダイシング等の切断手段により複数の半導体チップ20へと個片化する。第2半導体基板200Aをダイシングする際に第2絶縁膜205Bに保護材等を被覆して、それから個片化してもよい。工程(e)により、第2半導体基板200Aの第2絶縁膜205Bは、図3の(a)に示すように、各半導体チップ20に対応する絶縁膜部分205Cへと分割される。また、第2基板本体201は、同様に、対応する基板部分201Bへと分割される。第2半導体基板200Aを個片化するダイシング方法としては、例えば、プラズマダイシング、ステルスダイシング又はレーザーダイシングを用いることができる。
続いて、第2半導体基板200Aを個片化して複数の半導体チップ20が形成されると、図3の(b)に示すように、第1半導体基板100Aの第1電極104に対して各半導体チップ20の第2電極204の位置合わせを行う。工程(f)では、ボンディングパッドPを用いて半導体チップ20をピックアップし、第2電極204を第1電極104に対して位置合わせさせる。
続いて、第1半導体基板100Aの第1電極104に対する半導体チップ20の第2電極204の位置決めがされると、図3の(c)に示すように、第1半導体基板100A及び半導体チップ20を所定の高温、例えば200℃~350℃に加熱すると共に、第1半導体基板100Aに対して半導体チップ20を所定圧(例えば、0.8MPa)で押圧する。この押圧処理は、例えば、押圧部材Rを用いて1時間程度継続される。上述した加熱は、この押圧処理中、維持される。この加熱処理の際、第1半導体基板100Aにおいては、図4の(b)に示すように、第1絶縁膜105Bが熱膨張し(第1電極104も熱膨張し)、第1絶縁膜105Bの表面105bが第1電極104の表面104bと略一致するようになる。より具体的には、第1電極104と第1絶縁膜105Bとの段差量(第1段差量)が10nm以下となる。ここでいう段差量は、第1電極104の表面104bが第1絶縁膜105Bの表面105bよりも窪んでいる場合はその窪み量であり、第1電極104の表面104bが第1絶縁膜105Bの表面105bよりも突出する場合にはその突出量を意味する。また、同様に、この加熱処理の際、半導体チップ20においても、図4の(b)に示すように、絶縁膜部分205Cが熱膨張し(第2電極204も熱膨張し)、絶縁膜部分205Cの表面205cが第2電極204の表面204bと略一致するようになる。より具体的には、第2電極204と絶縁膜部分205Cとの段差量(第2段差量)が10nm以下となる。ここでいう段差量は、第2電極204の表面204bが絶縁膜部分205Cの表面205cよりも窪んでいる場合はその窪み量であり、第2電極204の表面204bが絶縁膜部分205Cの表面205cよりも突出する場合にはその突出量を意味する。
Claims (15)
- 第1基板本体と、該第1基板本体の一面に設けられた第1有機絶縁膜及び第1電極とを有する第1半導体基板を準備する工程と、
第2基板本体と、該第2基板本体の一面に設けられた第2有機絶縁膜及び複数の第2電極とを有する第2半導体基板を準備する工程と、
前記第2半導体基板を個片化し、前記第2有機絶縁膜に対応する絶縁膜部分と少なくとも1つの前記第2電極とをそれぞれが備えた複数の半導体チップを取得する工程と、
前記第1半導体基板の前記第1電極に対して前記複数の半導体チップの内の少なくとも1つの半導体チップの前記第2電極の位置合わせを行う工程と、
前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加熱及び加圧して、前記第1有機絶縁膜と前記絶縁膜部分とを互いに接合すると共に、前記第1電極と前記第2電極とを互いに接合する工程と、を備え、
前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加熱する前において、前記第1電極が前記第1有機絶縁膜の表面から突出する第1突出量及び前記第2電極が前記第2有機絶縁膜又は前記絶縁膜部分の表面から突出する第2突出量の少なくとも一方が、以下の式(1)で示される突出量ΔLに対して130%以内の突出量である、半導体装置の製造方法。
式(1)において、Dは、第1有機絶縁膜の膜厚又は第2有機絶縁膜の膜厚であり、ΔTは、接合前の温度と接合時の加熱温度の温度差であり、α1は、第1有機絶縁膜又は第2有機絶縁膜を構成する材料の線膨張係数であり、α2は、第1電極又は第2電極を構成する材料の線膨張係数である。 - 前記第1半導体基板の前記一面側に配置されている前記第1有機絶縁膜及び前記第1電極の表面を研磨する工程と、
前記第2半導体基板の前記一面側に配置されている前記第2有機絶縁膜及び前記第2電極の表面を研磨する工程と、を更に備え、
前記第1突出量及び前記第2突出量の少なくとも一方が前記突出量ΔLに対して85%以内の突出量となるように、対応する前記研磨する工程が行われる、
請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1半導体基板を研磨する工程では、前記第1有機絶縁膜及び前記第1電極の各表面の表面粗さRaが1nm以下となるように研磨を行い、
前記第2半導体基板を研磨する工程では、前記第2有機絶縁膜及び前記第2電極の各表面の表面粗さRaが1nm以下となるように研磨を行う、
請求項2に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1突出量及び前記第2突出量の少なくとも一方の突出量は40nm以上100nm以下である、
請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1突出量及び前記第2突出量の両方の突出量が60nm以上80nm以下である、
請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加熱する前において、前記第1突出量及び前記第2突出量の少なくとも一方が前記突出量ΔLに対して20%以上の突出量である、
請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加熱する前において、前記第1突出量及び前記第2突出量の両方が前記突出量ΔLに対して60%以内の突出量である、
請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1突出量及び前記第2突出量の少なくとも一方が前記突出量ΔLに対して50%以上100%以内の突出量である、
請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記接合する工程は、
前記第1有機絶縁膜と前記絶縁膜部分とを互いに接合するための仮圧着を行う工程と、
前記第1電極と前記第2電極とを互いに接合するための本圧着を行う工程と、を有し、
前記仮圧着を行う際の加熱温度を第1の加熱温度とすると共に、前記本圧着を行う際の加熱温度を第2の加熱温度とした場合において、前記第1突出量及び前記第2突出量の少なくとも一方が、前記第1の加熱温度における前記突出量ΔLと前記第2の加熱温度における前記突出量ΔLとのいずれに対しても130%以内の突出量である、
請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1半導体基板に対して前記半導体チップを加熱接合する工程では、加熱により、前記第1電極と前記第1有機絶縁膜との第1段差量、及び前記第2電極と前記第2有機絶縁膜との第2段差量の少なくとも一方が10nm以下となる、
請求項1~9の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 第1基板本体と、該第1基板本体の一面に設けられた第1有機絶縁膜及び第1電極とを有する第1半導体基板を準備する工程と、
第2基板本体と、該第2基板本体の一面に設けられた第2有機絶縁膜及び複数の第2電極とを有する第2半導体基板を準備する工程と、
前記第1半導体基板の前記一面側に配置されている前記第1有機絶縁膜及び前記第1電極の表面を研磨する工程と、
前記第2半導体基板の前記一面側に配置されている前記第2有機絶縁膜及び前記第2電極の表面を研磨する工程と、
研磨された前記第2半導体基板を個片化し、前記第2有機絶縁膜に対応する絶縁膜部分と少なくとも1つの前記第2電極とをそれぞれが備えた複数の半導体チップを取得する工程と、
前記第1半導体基板の前記第1電極に対して前記複数の半導体チップの内の少なくとも1つの半導体チップの前記第2電極の位置合わせを行う工程と、
前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加熱及び加圧して、前記第1有機絶縁膜と前記絶縁膜部分とを互いに接合すると共に、前記第1電極と前記第2電極とを互いに接合する工程と、を備え、
前記第1半導体基板に対して前記半導体チップを加熱加圧によって接合する際に、前記第1電極と前記第1有機絶縁膜との第1段差量、及び前記第2電極と前記第2有機絶縁膜との第2段差量の少なくとも一方が10nm以下である、
半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1有機絶縁膜及び前記第2有機絶縁膜の膜厚は2μm以上10μm以下であり、
前記第1有機絶縁膜及び前記第2有機絶縁膜は、硬化時のガラス転移温度が200℃以上400℃以下の樹脂材料から形成され、当該樹脂材料の線膨張係数が30ppm/K以上100ppm/K以下である、
請求項1~11の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1有機絶縁膜及び前記第2有機絶縁膜に含まれる樹脂材料は、ビスマレイミド、ポリイミド、ポリイミド前駆体、ポリアミドイミド、ベンゾシクロブテン(BCB)、ポリベンゾオキサゾール(PBO)、又は、PBO前駆体を含む、
請求項1~12の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記接合する工程において、前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加熱する温度は、230℃以上280℃以下である、
請求項1~13の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記接合する工程において、前記第1半導体基板及び前記半導体チップを加圧する際の圧力は2.5MPa以上である、
請求項1~14の何れか一項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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