WO2023132010A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023132010A1 WO2023132010A1 PCT/JP2022/000097 JP2022000097W WO2023132010A1 WO 2023132010 A1 WO2023132010 A1 WO 2023132010A1 JP 2022000097 W JP2022000097 W JP 2022000097W WO 2023132010 A1 WO2023132010 A1 WO 2023132010A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- detection device
- air conditioner
- pressure
- temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/10—Pressure
- F24F2140/12—Heat-exchange fluid pressure
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to air conditioners applied to multi-air conditioners for buildings and the like.
- an outdoor unit which is a heat source unit arranged outside the building, and a plurality of indoor units arranged inside the building are connected with refrigerant pipes to form a refrigerant circuit. to circulate the refrigerant.
- the total length of the refrigerant pipes connecting the outdoor unit and the plurality of indoor units is several hundred meters, and accordingly the amount of refrigerant used is extremely large. Therefore, in order to prevent a large amount of refrigerant from being released into the atmosphere when a refrigerant leak occurs from an air conditioner, a technique has been proposed for estimating the presence or absence of refrigerant leakage from the operating state of the air conditioner. (See Patent Document 1, for example).
- Patent Document 1 it is necessary to set the operation mode to the cooling operation mode, and refrigerant leakage cannot be determined in the interim period when the air conditioner is not operated or in the winter when the heating operation is performed. I had a problem.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and provides an air conditioner that can detect the occurrence of refrigerant leakage from the air conditioner regardless of the operating state of the air conditioner. It is an object.
- An air conditioner includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, a throttle device, and a load side heat exchanger are connected in order by piping, and non-azeotropic refrigerant is used as a refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit.
- An air conditioner in which mixed refrigerant is sealed comprising: a first pressure detection device for detecting the pressure of the refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor or the pressure of the refrigerant on the suction side of the compressor; An outside air temperature detection device for detecting temperature, and when the air conditioner is stopped, the presence or absence of refrigerant leakage is detected based on the pressure detected by the first pressure detection device and the outside air temperature detected by the outside temperature detection device. and a control device having a refrigerant leakage detection function for performing determination.
- the air conditioner when the air conditioner is stopped, the presence or absence of refrigerant leakage is determined based on the pressure detected by the first pressure detection device and the outside temperature detected by the outside temperature detection device. conduct. Therefore, refrigerant leakage can be detected throughout the year regardless of the season, and the occurrence of refrigerant leakage from the air conditioner can be detected regardless of the operating state of the air conditioner.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example configuration of an air conditioner according to an embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of an air conditioner according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during cooling operation of the air conditioner according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during heating operation of the air conditioner according to the embodiment. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the refrigerant leakage detection function of the air conditioner according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example configuration of an air conditioner 100 according to an embodiment. The configuration of the air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1 will be described below with reference to FIG.
- the air conditioner 100 uses 68.9 [wt%] and 31.1 [wt% ] is circulated in the refrigerant circuit (see FIG. 2 to be described later) to perform air conditioning using the refrigeration cycle. Further, the air conditioner 100 can select a cooling only operation mode in which all indoor units are operated for cooling or a heating only operation mode in which all indoor units are operated for heating, such as a multi air conditioner for buildings.
- the air conditioner 100 includes one outdoor unit 1 and two indoor units 2a and 2b. They are connected by a refrigerant main pipe 3 and refrigerant branch pipes 4a and 4b.
- the indoor units 2a and 2b are installed in air-conditioned spaces 60a and 60b, respectively.
- the number of outdoor units 1 is one and the number of indoor units 2a and 2b is two.
- the number of indoor units 2a and 2b may be one or three or more.
- FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing an example of the air conditioner 100 according to the embodiment.
- the air conditioner 100 includes a refrigerant circuit through which refrigerant flows.
- the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 10, a refrigerant flow switching device 11, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, expansion devices 41a and 41b, load side heat exchangers 40a and 40b, and an accumulator 13. It is configured to be connected by pipes including branch pipes 4 a and 4 b and refrigerant pipe 5 .
- the outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 10 , a refrigerant flow switching device 11 , a heat source side heat exchanger 12 and an accumulator 13 .
- a heat source side blower 14 configured by, for example, a fan is provided near the heat source side heat exchanger 12 , and the heat source side blower 14 blows air to the heat source side heat exchanger 12 .
- Compressor 10 , refrigerant flow switching device 11 , heat source side heat exchanger 12 , and accumulator 13 are connected by refrigerant pipe 5 .
- the compressor 10 draws in a low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant and compresses the refrigerant to a high-temperature, high-pressure state.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 11 is, for example, a four-way valve, and switches between refrigerant flow in the cooling operation mode and refrigerant flow in the heating operation mode.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as a condenser in the cooling operation mode and as an evaporator in the heating operation mode, and performs heat exchange between the air supplied from the heat source side blower 14 and the refrigerant. .
- the accumulator 13 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10, and is used to store surplus refrigerant caused by the difference in operating conditions between the cooling operation mode and the heating operation mode, or surplus refrigerant due to transient changes in operation. It is.
- the outdoor unit 1 also includes a discharge pressure detection device 20 and a suction pressure detection device 21 .
- the discharge pressure detection device 20 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 5 that connects the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the refrigerant flow switching device 11, and detects the pressure of the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor 10. be.
- the suction pressure detection device 21 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 5 that connects the refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the suction side of the compressor 10, and detects the pressure of the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant on the suction side of the compressor 10. It is.
- the discharge pressure detection device 20 and the suction pressure detection device 21 are, for example, pressure sensors.
- the outdoor unit 1 includes an outside air temperature detection device 22 and a first temperature detection device 23.
- the outside air temperature detection device 22 is provided in an air intake portion (not shown) of the outdoor unit 1, and detects the air temperature (hereinafter referred to as the outside air temperature) at the location where the outdoor unit 1 is installed. be.
- the first temperature detection device 23 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 5 that connects the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the refrigerant flow switching device 11, and detects the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor 10 (hereinafter referred to as the discharge temperature).
- the outside air temperature detection device 22 and the first temperature detection device 23 are, for example, thermistors.
- the indoor units 2a and 2b respectively include load-side heat exchangers 40a and 40b and expansion devices 41a and 41b.
- load-side blowers 42a and 42b composed of, for example, fans are provided near the load-side heat exchangers 40a and 40b. to blow air.
- the indoor units 2a and 2b are connected to the outdoor unit 1 via a refrigerant main pipe 3, so that refrigerant flows in and out.
- the load-side heat exchangers 40a, 40b exchange heat between the air supplied from the load-side fans 42a, 42b and the refrigerant, and generate heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the indoor space.
- the expansion devices 41a and 41b function as pressure reducing valves or expansion valves, and reduce the pressure of the refrigerant to expand it. do it.
- the indoor units 2a and 2b are provided with second temperature detection devices 50a and 50b, third temperature detection devices 51a and 51b, and fourth temperature detection devices 52a and 52b, respectively.
- the second temperature detection devices 50a and 50b are provided in the refrigerant branch pipes 4a and 4b that connect the expansion devices 41a and 41b and the load side heat exchangers 40a and 40b, and detect the load side heat exchangers 40a and 40b in the cooling operation mode. It detects the temperature of the coolant flowing into 40b.
- the third temperature detection devices 51a and 51b are provided in the refrigerant branch pipes 4a and 4b on the opposite side of the expansion devices 41a and 41b with respect to the load side heat exchangers 40a and 40b.
- the fourth temperature detectors 52a, 52b are provided in the air intake portions (not shown) of the load-side heat exchangers 40a, 40b, and detect the indoor air temperature.
- the second temperature detection devices 50a, 50b, the third temperature detection devices 51a, 51b, and the fourth temperature detection devices 52a, 52b are, for example, thermistors.
- the indoor units 2a and 2b, the load-side heat exchangers 40a and 40b, the expansion devices 41a and 41b, and the load-side fans 42a and 42b are collectively referred to as the indoor unit 2 and the load-side heat exchanger 40, respectively.
- an expansion device 41 and a load-side blower 42 an expansion device 41 and a load-side blower 42 .
- the second temperature detection devices 50a and 50b, the third temperature detection devices 51a and 51b, and the fourth temperature detection devices 52a and 52b are collectively referred to as the second temperature detection device 50, the third temperature detection device 51, and a fourth temperature detection device 52 .
- one of the discharge pressure detection device 20 and the suction pressure detection device 21 is also called a first pressure detection device.
- the discharge pressure detection device 20 and the suction pressure detection device 21 are collectively referred to as a pressure detection device.
- the air conditioner 100 also includes a control device 30 configured by a microcomputer or the like.
- the control device 30 determines the frequency of the compressor 10, the number of rotations of the heat source side blower 14 of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 (the heat source side blower 14 ON/OFF ), the switching of the refrigerant flow switching device 11, the opening degree of the expansion device 41, and the like, and each operation mode, which will be described later, is executed.
- the control device 30 may be provided in the indoor unit 2 or may be provided in both the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 .
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in the cooling operation mode of the air conditioner 100 according to the embodiment.
- the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by solid arrows.
- the cooling operation mode of the air conditioner 100 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 . Then, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows through the refrigerant flow switching device 11 into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 . The high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is condensed while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor units 2a and 2b is decompressed by the expansion devices 41a and 41b into low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and then flows into the load-side heat exchangers 40a and 40b that act as evaporators. By absorbing heat from the air, it cools the indoor air and becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out of the load-side heat exchangers 40 a and 40 b flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the refrigerant branch pipes 4 a and 4 b and the refrigerant main pipe 3 .
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 13 and is sucked into the compressor 10 .
- the degree of opening of the throttling devices 41a and 41b is superheat ( The degree of superheat) is controlled by the controller 30 so as to be constant. By doing so, the capacity corresponding to the heat load in the room can be exhibited, and efficient operation can be performed.
- FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant in the heating operation mode of the air conditioner 100, and the direction of refrigerant flow is indicated by solid arrows. In addition, in FIG. 4, the flow direction of the refrigerant is indicated by solid arrows.
- the heating operation of the air conditioner 100 according to the embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. 4, taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated in the load-side heat exchangers 40a and 40b.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the load side heat exchangers 40a and 40b. Then, the low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 11, the main refrigerant pipe 3 and the refrigerant branch pipes 4a, 4b, and flows into the indoor units 2a, 2b.
- the high-temperature, high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor units 2a, 2b radiates heat to the indoor air in the load-side heat exchangers 40a, 40b, becomes high-pressure liquid refrigerant, and flows into the expansion devices 41a, 41b.
- the refrigerant flows out of the indoor units 2a and 2b, passes through the refrigerant branch pipes 4a and 4b and the refrigerant main pipe 3, and flows into the outdoor unit 1.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and absorbs heat from the outdoor air to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature, low-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 passes through the refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 13 and is sucked into the compressor 10 .
- the degree of opening of the expansion devices 41a and 41b is the difference between the saturated liquid temperature of the refrigerant calculated from the pressure detected by the discharge pressure detection device 20 and the temperature detected by the second temperature detection devices 50a and 50b. It is controlled by the control device 30 so that the subcooling (degree of supercooling) obtained as is constant. By doing so, the capacity corresponding to the heat load in the room can be exhibited, and efficient operation can be performed.
- the refrigerant leakage detection function is one of the functions of the control device 30, and when the air conditioner 100 is in a stopped state, the detection value of the pressure detection device mounted on the outdoor unit 1 and the detection value of the outside air temperature detection device 22 It is a function to detect the presence or absence of refrigerant leakage based on the value.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the refrigerant leakage detection function of the air conditioner 100 according to the embodiment. The operation of the refrigerant leakage detection function of the air conditioner 100 according to the embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG.
- Step S1 Control device 30 determines whether air conditioner 100 is in a stopped state.
- the state in which the air conditioner 100 is stopped means a state in which the compressor 10 is stopped.
- the process proceeds to step S2.
- the control device 30 determines that the air conditioner 100 is not in the stopped state (NO)
- the process repeats step S1.
- Step S2 The control device 30 determines whether or not a predetermined period of time (hereinafter, also referred to as a preset first period of time) has elapsed since the air conditioner 100 was stopped.
- the control device 30 has a timer function for measuring time.
- the control device 30 determines that the air conditioner 100 has been stopped and the predetermined time or longer has passed (YES)
- the process proceeds to step S3.
- the control device 30 determines that the air conditioner 100 has been stopped and the predetermined time or longer has not elapsed (NO)
- the process returns to step S1.
- the control device 30 has a timer function in the embodiment, it is not limited to this, and a real-time clock or the like may be provided outside the control device 30, for example.
- Step S3 The control device 30 determines whether the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detection device 22 is stable.
- whether or not the outside air temperature detected by the outside temperature detection device 22 is stable is determined, for example, by whether the outside temperature detected by the outside temperature detection device 22 is within a predetermined range for a predetermined period of time. based on When the control device 30 determines that the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detection device 22 is stable (YES), the process proceeds to step S4. On the other hand, when the control device 30 determines that the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detection device 22 is not stable (NO), the process returns to step S1.
- Step S4 The control device 30 calculates the saturation temperature of the refrigerant from the detection value of the discharge pressure detection device 20 .
- the saturated vapor temperature and saturated liquid temperature at the same pressure are different, so the definition of which saturation temperature to use or the average value of those two saturation temperatures should be clarified. need to keep Any of the saturated vapor temperature, the saturated liquid temperature, and the average value of these two saturated temperatures may be used in the stop-time refrigerant leakage function according to the embodiment.
- the discharge pressure detection device 20 is used to calculate the saturation temperature of the refrigerant. good too.
- Step S5 The control device 30 determines whether the difference between the refrigerant saturation temperature calculated in step S4 and the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature detection device 22 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- control device 30 determines that the difference between the refrigerant saturation temperature and the outside air temperature is equal to or greater than the predetermined value (YES)
- the process proceeds to step S6.
- control device 30 determines that the difference between the saturation temperature of the refrigerant and the outside air temperature is not equal to or greater than the predetermined value (NO)
- the process returns to step S1.
- Step S6 The control device 30 determines that refrigerant leakage has occurred from the air conditioner 100, and the process ends. After that, the control device 30 executes, for example, a refrigerant leakage reporting function, which will be described later.
- the refrigerant sealed in the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner 100 according to the embodiment is a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture.
- a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture is composed of a plurality of types of refrigerants having different boiling points.
- R454B refrigerant which is a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, is a mixture of R32 refrigerant and R1234yf refrigerant.
- the boiling point of R32 refrigerant at atmospheric pressure is ⁇ 57.1 [° C.]
- the boiling point of R1234yf refrigerant at atmospheric pressure is ⁇ 29.4 [° C.].
- the ratio of the refrigerant that constitutes the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture that is enclosed in the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner 100 differs depending on whether there is refrigerant leakage or not.
- the physical properties of the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture present in the apparatus 100 will change.
- the refrigerant leakage detection function utilizes changes in the physical properties of the non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant caused by this refrigerant leakage.
- the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit and the outside air at the location where the outdoor unit 1 is installed are in a state of thermal equilibrium.
- the saturated temperature calculated from the refrigerant pressure in the second stage is equal to the outside air temperature.
- the principle of the refrigerant leakage detection function is to detect the presence or absence of refrigerant leakage by detecting the pressure difference in the refrigerant circuit when the air conditioner 100 is stopped.
- the R32 refrigerant and the R1234yf refrigerant are 68.9 [wt%] and 31.1 [wt%] in the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner 100. %].
- the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner 100 contains R32 refrigerant and R1234yf refrigerant (68.9- ⁇ ) [wt %] and (31.1+ ⁇ ) [wt %].
- the composition of R32 refrigerant with a low boiling point is reduced.
- the physical property values of the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture also change. For example, the saturation pressure at a certain temperature also changes.
- the pressure in the refrigerant circuit is 2.0 [MPaA], which is the saturation pressure of the R454B refrigerant at 35 [°C].
- the outside air and the outdoor unit 1 at the same temperature are thermally balanced, but the composition of the R454B refrigerant is reduced by the composition change ⁇ .
- R1234yf refrigerant is increased by the composition change ⁇ , the pressure in the refrigerant circuit is different even if the outside air temperature is the same, 35[°C].
- the composition of the R32 refrigerant is reduced, so the pressure is lower than 2.0 [MPaA] when no refrigerant leakage occurs.
- the control device 30 has the relationship between the pressure and the saturation temperature in the filling composition of the non-azeotropic refrigerant in the form of a table or an approximate expression, and from the pressure detected by the discharge pressure detection device 20 or the suction pressure detection device 21, If the calculated saturation temperature does not match the outside air temperature, it can be determined that a refrigerant leak has occurred.
- steps S1 to S3 shown in FIG. 5 it is determined whether or not the outside air and the outdoor unit 1 are thermally balanced, and in steps S4 to S6, the difference between the saturation temperature caused by the refrigerant leakage and the outside temperature is determined. It is a mechanism to calculate and detect the occurrence of refrigerant leakage.
- the amount of decrease in saturation pressure when refrigerant leakage occurs depends on the type of non-azeotropic refrigerant used in the air conditioner 100, the size of the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner 100, and how much refrigerant is outside the system. It is difficult to determine the predetermined value in step S5 shown in FIG.
- step S5 in FIG. 5 for determining the presence or absence of refrigerant leakage is set to a small value, even a small amount of refrigerant leakage can be detected, but the thermal balance between the outside air and the outdoor unit 1 is insufficient. In some cases, or due to the measurement error of the pressure detection device or the outside air temperature detection device 22, there is a possibility that the refrigerant leak determination may be erroneous.
- step S5 Conversely, if the predetermined value in step S5 is set to a large value, the risk of erroneous determination of refrigerant leakage is reduced, but there is also a demerit such as the presence of refrigerant leakage cannot be determined unless the amount of refrigerant leakage from the air conditioner 100 increases. . Therefore, it is necessary to change the predetermined value in step S5 depending on the type of refrigerant used, the size of the refrigerant circuit of the air conditioner 100, how much refrigerant has leaked outside the system, and the like. Moreover, since the predetermined value in step S5 is also affected by the installation state of the air conditioner 100, it is preferable to allow adjustment even on site after the installation work is completed.
- the predetermined value in step S5 will be supplemented by taking the case of R454B refrigerant as an example.
- R454C refrigerant composed of the same constituent refrigerant as the R454B refrigerant
- the R454C refrigerant is a refrigerant in which the R32 refrigerant and the R1234yf refrigerant are mixed at a mass ratio of 21.5 [wt%] and 78.5 [wt%]. .
- the saturated vapor pressure of R454B refrigerant is 0.91 [MPaA]
- the saturated vapor pressure of R454C refrigerant at the same outside temperature of 7 [°C] is 0.91 [MPaA].
- 57 [MPaA]. This pressure of 0.57 [MPaA] corresponds to the saturation temperature of -8.1 [°C] for the R454B refrigerant.
- the detection value of the discharge pressure detection device 20 indicates that the saturation temperature of the refrigerant is 7 [°C].
- the refrigerant leak if there is a refrigerant leak, the R32 refrigerant is released into the atmosphere before the R1234yf refrigerant, and the refrigerant composition is the same as the R454C refrigerant, the value detected by the discharge pressure detection device 20 indicates that the refrigerant is saturated. The temperature becomes -8.1 [°C]. Therefore, in the case of the present embodiment, even if the predetermined value in step S5 is set to 1[° C.], the refrigerant leakage can be sufficiently detected.
- the outside air temperature detection device 22 in order to improve the detection accuracy of the refrigerant leakage detection function, it is preferable to use the outside air temperature detection device 22 with higher detection accuracy than other temperature detection devices.
- the discharge pressure detection device 20 and the suction pressure detection device 21 with high detection accuracy should be used as the pressure detection device, and the detection value thereof should be used to determine refrigerant leakage.
- the accumulator 13 is an essential component in the air conditioner 100 using the non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture. Refrigerant leakage can be detected by the operation shown in FIG. 5 even if there is no accumulator 13 .
- the control device 30 also has a daily inspection function that executes a refrigerant leakage detection function every predetermined time (hereinafter also referred to as a preset second time).
- a daily inspection function executes a refrigerant leakage detection function every predetermined time (hereinafter also referred to as a preset second time).
- the control device 30 also has a refrigerant leakage notification function that notifies the occurrence of refrigerant leakage when it is determined that there is a refrigerant leakage by executing the refrigerant leakage detection function.
- Refrigerant leakage is reported by, for example, a buzzer or the like, or if a centralized control device or the like is connected to the air conditioner 100, an alert to the effect that a refrigerant leak has been detected is issued to the centralized control device. For example, the inspection of the air conditioner 100 is prompted. By doing so, it is possible to inform the equipment manager of the occurrence of the refrigerant leakage early, and it is possible to quickly take appropriate measures such as repairing the equipment.
- the refrigerant to be used must be a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant, but by using the refrigerant leakage detection function according to the present embodiment, it is possible to detect refrigerant leakage from places where there is no refrigerant leakage detection device. It is possible to improve the safety on the indoor side.
- the present embodiment can be used. If the above-described safety device is activated when it is determined that there is a refrigerant leakage by the refrigerant leakage detection function, it is possible to further improve the safety of the indoor side.
- all the indoor units 2a and 2b operate in the same manner, that is, only one of the cooling operation mode and the heating operation mode.
- different operation may be performed for each of the indoor units 2a and 2b, that is, the cooling operation mode and the heating operation mode may be performed at the same time.
- the case where the number of outdoor units 1 is one has been described as an example, but the number of outdoor units 1 is not limited to one.
- the operation of the refrigerant leakage detection function shown in FIG. is not limited, in the case of a large air conditioning system configured with a plurality of outdoor units 1, the refrigerant leakage detection function may be operated for each outdoor unit 1, or one of the plurality of outdoor units 1 may be set as a representative, and the representative outdoor unit 1 may perform the operation of the refrigerant leakage detection function.
- the outdoor unit 1 is provided with one compressor 10
- the outdoor unit 1 is provided with a compressor 10.
- Two or more machines 10 may be provided.
- the air conditioner 100 includes a refrigerant circuit in which the compressor 10, the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the expansion device 41, and the load side heat exchanger 40 are connected in order by pipes.
- An air conditioner 100 in which a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant is sealed as a refrigerant, and detects the pressure of the refrigerant on the discharge side of the compressor 10, or detects the pressure of the refrigerant on the suction side of the compressor 10.
- refrigerant leakage is detected based on the pressure detected by the first pressure detection device and the outside temperature detected by the outside temperature detection device 22. Presence/absence is determined. Therefore, refrigerant leakage can be detected throughout the year regardless of the season, and the occurrence of refrigerant leakage from the air conditioner can be detected regardless of the operating state of the air conditioner.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 can detect refrigerant leakage wherever the refrigerant leakage occurs.
- the air conditioner 100 includes an accumulator 13 on the suction side of the compressor 10 .
- the air conditioner 100 since the accumulator 13 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10, the refrigerant composition variation (change in physical property value) occurs, and refrigerant leakage is detected even with a small amount of refrigerant leakage. can do.
- the air conditioner 100 includes a temperature detection device in addition to the outside air temperature detection device 22, and the outside air temperature detection device 22 has higher detection accuracy than the temperature detection device.
- detection accuracy of the refrigerant leakage detection function can be improved.
- the air conditioner 100 includes a pressure detection device in addition to the first pressure detection device, and the first pressure detection device has higher detection accuracy than the pressure detection device.
- detection accuracy of the refrigerant leakage detection function can be improved.
- control device 30 has a daily inspection function that executes a refrigerant leakage detection function every second preset time.
- the air conditioner 100 it is possible to determine the refrigerant leakage even in the middle of spring or autumn when the air conditioner 100 is not in operation, or at night, by means of this daily inspection function. Therefore, it is possible to check whether or not refrigerant leakage occurs every day or every few days, so that refrigerant leakage can be detected early. In addition, refrigerant leakage can be detected wherever the refrigerant leakage occurs.
- control device 30 executes the refrigerant leakage detection function, and notifies the occurrence of refrigerant leakage when it is determined that there is refrigerant leakage.
- the air conditioner 100 when it is determined that there is a refrigerant leak, the occurrence of the refrigerant leak is reported, so that the equipment manager can be notified early that the refrigerant leak has occurred. Appropriate measures such as repair of equipment can be quickly taken.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100の構成の一例を示す概略構成図である。
以下、図1に基づいて、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100の構成について説明する。
空気調和装置100は、図2に示すように、冷媒が流れる冷媒回路を備えている。冷媒回路は、圧縮機10、冷媒流路切替装置11、熱源側熱交換器12、絞り装置41a、41b、負荷側熱交換器40a、40b、および、アキュムレータ13が、順に、冷媒主管3、冷媒枝管4a、4b、および、冷媒配管5を含む配管で接続されて構成されている。
室外機1は、圧縮機10と、冷媒流路切替装置11と、熱源側熱交換器12と、アキュムレータ13とを備えている。また、熱源側熱交換器12の付近には、例えばファンなどで構成される熱源側送風機14が設けられ、熱源側送風機14は熱源側熱交換器12に空気を送風する。圧縮機10と、冷媒流路切替装置11と、熱源側熱交換器12と、アキュムレータ13とは、冷媒配管5で接続されている。
室内機2a、2bは、それぞれ、負荷側熱交換器40a、40bと、絞り装置41a、41bとを備えている。また、負荷側熱交換器40a、40bの付近には、例えばファンなどで構成される負荷側送風機42a、42bが設けられ、負荷側送風機42a、42bは負荷側熱交換器40a、40bに空気を送風する。室内機2a、2bは、冷媒主管3を介して室外機1と接続され、冷媒が流入出するようになっている。負荷側熱交換器40a、40bは、負荷側送風機42a、42bから供給される空気と冷媒との間で熱交換を行い、室内空間に供給するための暖房用空気または冷房用空気を生成するものである。また、絞り装置41a、41bは、減圧弁あるいは膨張弁としての機能を有し、冷媒を減圧して膨張させるものであり、開度が可変に制御可能なもの、例えば電子式膨張弁などで構成するとよい。
図3は、実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100の冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。なお、図3では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で示している。
以下、図3に基づいて、負荷側熱交換器40a、40bで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に、実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100の冷房運転モードについて説明する。
図4は、空気調和装置100の暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図であり、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で示している。なお、図4では、冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で示している。
以下、図4に基づいて、負荷側熱交換器40a、40bで温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に、実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100の暖房運転について説明する。
次に、冷媒漏洩検出機能について説明する。冷媒漏洩検出機能は、制御装置30の機能の一つであり、空気調和装置100が停止状態のときに、室外機1に搭載された圧力検出装置の検出値と、外気温度検出装置22の検出値とに基づいて、冷媒漏洩の有無を検出する機能である。
以下、図5に基づいて、実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100の冷媒漏洩検出機能の動作について説明する。
制御装置30は、空気調和装置100が停止状態であるかどうかを判定する。ここで、空気調和装置100が停止状態とは、圧縮機10が停止している状態のことである。制御装置30が、空気調和装置100が停止状態であると判定した場合(YES)、処理はステップS2に進む。一方、制御装置30が、空気調和装置100が停止状態ではないと判定した場合(NO)、処理はステップS1を繰り返す。
制御装置30は、空気調和装置100が停止状態になって所定時間(以下、あらかじめ設定された第一時間とも称する)以上が経過したかどうかを判定する。ここで、制御装置30は、時間を計測するタイマー機能を有している。制御装置30が、空気調和装置100が停止状態になって所定時間以上が経過したと判定した場合(YES)、処理はステップS3に進む。一方、制御装置30が、空気調和装置100が停止状態になって所定時間以上が経過していないと判定した場合(NO)、処理はステップS1に戻る。なお、実施の形態では、制御装置30がタイマー機能を有しているものとしたが、それに限定されず、例えば制御装置30の外部にリアルタイムクロックなどが設けられていてもよい。
制御装置30は、外気温度検出装置22で検出した外気温度が安定しているかどうかを判定する。ここで、外気温度検出装置22で検出した外気温度が安定しているかどうかの判定は、例えば、所定時間の間、外気温度検出装置22で検出した外気温度が所定範囲内に収まっているかどうかに基づいて行う。制御装置30が、外気温度検出装置22で検出した外気温度が安定していると判定した場合(YES)、処理はステップS4に進む。一方、制御装置30が、外気温度検出装置22で検出した外気温度が安定していないと判定した場合(NO)、処理はステップS1に戻る。
制御装置30は、吐出圧力検出装置20の検出値から冷媒の飽和温度を計算する。なお、非共沸混合冷媒では、同一圧力における飽和蒸気温度と飽和液温度とが異なるので、どちらの飽和温度を使用するか、あるいはそれら二つの飽和温度の平均値を使用するのか定義を明確にしておく必要がある。実施の形態に係る停止時冷媒漏洩機能においては、飽和蒸気温度、飽和液温度、および、それら二つの飽和温度の平均値のうち、どれを使用してもよい。また、上記では、吐出圧力検出装置20を使用して冷媒の飽和温度を計算しているが、吐出圧力検出装置20の代わりに吸入圧力検出装置21を使用して冷媒の飽和温度を計算してもよい。
制御装置30は、ステップS4で計算した冷媒の飽和温度と、外気温度検出装置22で検出した外気温度との差が、所定値以上であるかどうかを判定する。制御装置30が、冷媒の飽和温度と外気温度との差が所定値以上であると判定した場合(YES)、処理はステップS6に進む。一方、制御装置30が、冷媒の飽和温度と外気温度との差が所定値以上ではないと判定した場合(NO)、処理はステップS1に戻る。
制御装置30は、空気調和装置100から冷媒漏れが発生していると判定し、処理は終了する。その後、制御装置30は、例えば、後述する冷媒漏れ報知機能を実行する。
次に、冷媒漏洩検出機能の原理を説明する。
まず、実施の形態に係る空気調和装置100の冷媒回路に封入される冷媒は、非共沸混合冷媒である。非共沸混合冷媒とは、沸点が異なる複数種類の冷媒で構成されるものであり、例えば非共沸混合冷媒であるR454B冷媒は、R32冷媒とR1234yf冷媒との混合物である。なお、R32冷媒の大気圧での沸点は-57.1[℃]であり、R1234yf冷媒の大気圧での沸点は-29.4[℃]である。このように非共沸混合冷媒を構成する冷媒の沸点に差があると、空気調和装置100から冷媒漏れが発生した場合に、沸点が低いR32冷媒がより多く系外へ放出される傾向がある。
Claims (9)
- 圧縮機、熱源側熱交換器、絞り装置、および、負荷側熱交換器が順に配管で接続された冷媒回路を備え、前記冷媒回路内に冷媒として非共沸混合冷媒が封入された空気調和装置であって、
前記圧縮機の吐出側の冷媒の圧力を検出する、あるいは、前記圧縮機の吸入側の冷媒の圧力を検出する第一圧力検出装置と、
外気温度を検出する外気温度検出装置と、
前記空気調和装置が停止している時に、前記第一圧力検出装置で検出した圧力と前記外気温度検出装置で検出した外気温度とに基づいて冷媒漏れ有無の判定を行う冷媒漏洩検出機能を有する制御装置と、を備えた
空気調和装置。 - 前記冷媒漏洩検出機能に関して、
前記制御装置は、
前記第一圧力検出装置で検出した圧力から求めた冷媒の飽和温度と、前記外気温度検出装置で検出した外気温度とを比較することで冷媒漏れ有無の判定を行うものである
請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記冷媒漏洩検出機能に関して、
前記制御装置は、
前記空気調和装置が停止してからあらかじめ設定された第一時間が経過後、冷媒漏れ有無の判定を行うものである
請求項1または2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記冷媒漏洩検出機能に関して、
前記制御装置は、
前記空気調和装置が停止してから前記第一時間が経過後、前記外気温度検出装置で検出した外気温度が安定していたら、冷媒漏れ有無の判定を行うものである
請求項3に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機の吸入側にアキュムレータを備えた
請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記外気温度検出装置の他に、温度検出装置を備え、
前記外気温度検出装置は、前記温度検出装置よりも検出精度が高いものである
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記第一圧力検出装置の他に、圧力検出装置を備え、
前記第一圧力検出装置は、前記圧力検出装置よりも検出精度が高いものである
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
あらかじめ設定された第二時間毎に前記冷媒漏洩検出機能を実行する日常点検機能を有するものである
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記冷媒漏洩検出機能を実行し、冷媒漏れ有りと判定した場合に、冷媒漏れの発生を報知する
請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
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| WO2025102764A1 (zh) * | 2023-11-16 | 2025-05-22 | 青岛海尔智慧楼宇科技有限公司 | 空调系统的控制方法、控制装置以及空调系统 |
| WO2025130753A1 (zh) * | 2023-12-19 | 2025-06-26 | 青岛海尔智慧楼宇科技有限公司 | 空调机组冷媒安全防护方法、装置及空调机组 |
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| JPH09113079A (ja) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-05-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 空気調和機の冷媒封入量検知装置 |
| WO2008035418A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigerating/air conditioning system having refrigerant learage detecting function, refrigerator/air conditioner and method for detecting leakage of refrigerant |
| WO2016071947A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置及び冷凍サイクル装置の異常検知システム |
| WO2016174767A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置及び冷凍サイクル装置の異常検知システム |
| JP2016191531A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空調室内ユニット |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH09113079A (ja) * | 1995-10-18 | 1997-05-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 空気調和機の冷媒封入量検知装置 |
| WO2008035418A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigerating/air conditioning system having refrigerant learage detecting function, refrigerator/air conditioner and method for detecting leakage of refrigerant |
| WO2016071947A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置及び冷凍サイクル装置の異常検知システム |
| JP2016191531A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空調室内ユニット |
| WO2016174767A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-11-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置及び冷凍サイクル装置の異常検知システム |
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| WO2025102764A1 (zh) * | 2023-11-16 | 2025-05-22 | 青岛海尔智慧楼宇科技有限公司 | 空调系统的控制方法、控制装置以及空调系统 |
| WO2025130753A1 (zh) * | 2023-12-19 | 2025-06-26 | 青岛海尔智慧楼宇科技有限公司 | 空调机组冷媒安全防护方法、装置及空调机组 |
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| JPWO2023132010A1 (ja) | 2023-07-13 |
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