WO2023162682A1 - 被覆工具および切削工具 - Google Patents
被覆工具および切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023162682A1 WO2023162682A1 PCT/JP2023/004036 JP2023004036W WO2023162682A1 WO 2023162682 A1 WO2023162682 A1 WO 2023162682A1 JP 2023004036 W JP2023004036 W JP 2023004036W WO 2023162682 A1 WO2023162682 A1 WO 2023162682A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2224/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of a compound including a metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/08—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner applied by physical vapour deposition [PVD]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
- B23B2228/105—Coatings with specified thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/24—Hard, i.e. after being hardened
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/36—Multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/44—Materials having grain size less than 1 micrometre, e.g. nanocrystalline
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to coated tools and cutting tools.
- a coated tool includes a substrate and a coating layer located on the surface of the substrate.
- the coating layer comprises at least one element selected from periodic table 4a, 5a, 6a group elements, Al, Si, B, Y and Mn, and at least one element selected from C and N It contains cubic crystals consisting of In the measurement range of 0° or more and 90° or less in the X-ray intensity distribution of the ⁇ -axis of the positive pole figure for the (111) plane of the coating layer, the maximum X-ray intensity in the range where the angle of the ⁇ -axis is 30° or more and 90° or less The difference between the value and the minimum value is 10% or less of the maximum value.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing an example of the coated tool according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of a corner portion of a tip body according to a reference example.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a coating layer according to the embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a front view showing an example of the cutting tool according to the embodiment;
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the X-ray intensity distribution of the positive pole figure for the (111) plane of the cubic crystal contained in the coating layer.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the X-ray intensity distribution of the positive pole figure for the (200) plane of the cubic crystal contained in the coating layer.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing an example of the coated tool according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the correlation between the crystallite diameter on the (200) plane of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the correlation between the Vickers hardness of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of secondary boundary wear.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (a) of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (b) of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the correlation between the Cr ratio (c) of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the correlation between the peeling load and the amount of secondary boundary wear.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (x) of the adhesion layer and the peel load.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (y) of the adhesion layer and the peeling load.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (x) of the adhesion layer and the secondary boundary wear amount.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (y) of the adhesion layer and the secondary boundary wear amount.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (e) of the intermediate layer and the crater wear depth.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (f) of the intermediate layer and the crater wear depth.
- FIG. 20 is an image showing the cutting edge state of three coated tools having different film configurations after a cutting test.
- FIG. 21 is an image showing the state of cutting edges of eight coated tools having different adhesion layer compositions after a cutting test.
- FIG. 22 is an image showing the state of cutting edges of seven coated tools having different compositions of the wear-resistant layer after the cutting test.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of abrasive wear.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing the relationship between the film formation time of the adhesion layer and various wear amounts.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between the film formation time of the adhesion layer and the number of impacts until it is damaged.
- FIG. 26 is an image taken from a direction perpendicular to the rake face of the cutting edge state of the sample having the intermediate layer after the cutting test.
- FIG. 27 is an image of the state of the cutting edge after the cutting test of the sample having no intermediate layer taken from the direction perpendicular to the rake face.
- FIG. 28 is a table summarizing the film thicknesses of the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant layer of five samples having different film thickness ratios of the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant layer, and an image showing the cutting edge state after the cutting test.
- the conventional technology described above has room for further improvement in terms of suppressing abnormal wear. Therefore, it is expected to provide a coated tool and a cutting tool capable of suppressing abnormal wear.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional side view which shows an example of the coated tool which concerns on embodiment.
- the coated tool 1 according to the embodiment has a tip body 2.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional side view which shows an example of the coated tool which concerns on embodiment.
- the coated tool 1 according to the embodiment has a tip body 2.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional side view which shows an example of the coated tool which concerns on embodiment.
- the coated tool 1 according to the embodiment has a tip body 2.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional side view which shows an example of the coated tool which concerns on embodiment.
- the coated tool 1 according to the embodiment has a tip body 2.
- Chip body 2 has, for example, a hexahedral shape in which the upper and lower surfaces (surfaces intersecting the Z-axis shown in FIG. 1) are parallelograms.
- One corner portion 201 of the tip body 2 functions as a cutting edge portion.
- the cutting edge has a first surface (eg, top surface) and a second surface (eg, side surface) contiguous with the first surface.
- the first surface functions as a "rake surface” for scooping chips generated by cutting
- the second surface functions as a "flank surface”.
- a cutting edge is positioned on at least a part of the ridge line where the first surface and the second surface intersect, and the coated tool 1 cuts the work material by bringing the cutting edge into contact with the work material.
- a through hole 5 penetrating vertically through the chip body 2 is located in the center of the chip body 2 .
- a screw 75 for attaching the coated tool 1 to a holder 70 described later is inserted into the through hole 5 (see FIG. 5).
- the chip body 2 has a substrate 10 and a coating layer 20. As shown in FIG. 2, the chip body 2 has a substrate 10 and a coating layer 20. As shown in FIG.
- the substrate 10 is made of cemented carbide. Specifically, the substrate 10 contains a hard phase containing at least WC (tungsten carbide) and a metallic bonding phase containing an iron group element such as Ni (nickel) or Co (cobalt). As an example, the substrate 10 is made of a WC-based cemented carbide in which hard particles of WC are used as hard phase components and Co is the main component of the binder phase.
- WC tungsten carbide
- Co cobalt
- the substrate 10 is made of a WC-based cemented carbide in which hard particles of WC are used as hard phase components and Co is the main component of the binder phase.
- the coating layer 20 is coated on the substrate 10 for the purpose of improving wear resistance, heat resistance, etc. of the substrate 10, for example.
- the coating layer 20 covers the substrate 10 entirely.
- the coating layer 20 may be positioned at least on the substrate 10 .
- the first surface here, the upper surface
- the coating layer 20 has high wear resistance and heat resistance.
- the second surface here, side surface
- the coating layer 20 according to the embodiment contains at least one element selected from the periodic table 4a, 5a, 6a group elements, Al, Si, B, Y and Mn, and from C, N and O It may contain cubic crystals composed of at least one selected element.
- the coating layer 20 may contain cubic crystals made of TiAlN.
- the coating layer 20 according to the embodiment has an angle of the ⁇ -axis in the measurement range of 0° or more and 90° or less in the X-ray intensity distribution of the ⁇ -axis of the positive pole figure for the (111) plane of the cubic crystal.
- a difference between the maximum value (Imax) and the minimum value (Imin) of the X-ray intensity in the range of 30° or more and 90° or less may be 10% or less of the maximum value (Imax). Since the coating layer 20 having such a structure has a homogeneous structure in which the crystal orientation is aligned, abnormal wear such as chipping can be suppressed.
- the angle of the ⁇ -axis is 0 in the measurement range of 0° or more and 90° or less in the X-ray intensity distribution of the ⁇ -axis of the positive pole figure for the (200) plane of the cubic crystal.
- the X-ray intensity may have a maximum value (Ilmax) and a minimum value (Ilmin) in the range of 50° or more.
- the difference between the maximum value (Ilmax) and the minimum value (Ilmin) may be 10% or less with respect to the maximum value (Ilmax). Since the coating layer 20 having such a structure has a homogeneous structure in which the crystal orientation is aligned, abnormal wear such as chipping can be suppressed.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of a corner portion 201X in a chip body 2X according to a reference example.
- primary boundary wear D1, secondary boundary wear D2, abrasive wear D3 and crater wear D4 may occur on the tip body 2X.
- Primary boundary wear D1, secondary boundary wear D2, and abrasive wear D3 are wear occurring on the flank face.
- Crater wear D4 is wear that occurs on the rake face.
- Abrasive wear D3 is wear in which the surface of the tip body 2X is scraped off by foreign matter interposed between the tip body 2X and the work material. Abrasive wear D3 may cause an increase in cutting resistance and cutting heat.
- the primary boundary wear D1 and the secondary boundary wear D2 are wear that occurs at both ends of the abrasive wear D3, that is, at the notch boundary.
- the primary boundary is the boundary that contacts the work surface of the work material.
- the secondary boundary is the boundary that contacts the finished surface of the workpiece.
- the primary boundary wear D1 may cause burrs in the work material.
- the secondary notch wear D2 may deteriorate the finished surface of the work material or change the dimensions of the work material.
- the crater wear D4 is wear that occurs when the tip body 2X is heated to a high temperature and the surface is oxidized, resulting in the generation of relatively soft oxides.
- the crater wear D4 may deteriorate the chip disposability.
- the coated tool 1 according to the embodiment can suitably suppress these types of damage by devising the configuration of the coating layer 20 that covers the tip body 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating layer 20 according to the embodiment.
- the coating layer 20 has an adhesion layer 21, an intermediate layer 22, and a wear-resistant layer 23.
- the adhesion layer 21 is a layer in contact with the substrate 10 .
- the intermediate layer 22 is located on the surface of the adhesion layer 21 .
- the wear-resistant layer 23 is located on the surface of the intermediate layer 22 . That is, the adhesion layer 21 , the intermediate layer 22 and the abrasion resistant layer 23 are laminated in the order of the adhesion layer 21 , the intermediate layer 22 and the abrasion resistant layer 23 from the layer closest to the surface of the substrate 10 .
- the adhesion layer 21 is an alloy layer containing TixAlyMz .
- the adhesion layer 21 may be TiAlWNbSi. Also, z may be zero. That is, the adhesion layer 21 does not necessarily need to contain M. In this case, the adhesion layer 21 may be TiAl, for example.
- the wear-resistant layer 23 contains TiaAlbCrcMd and at least one nonmetal selected from carbon , nitrogen and oxygen .
- M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the Periodic Table (excluding Cr) and Si.
- the wear resistant layer 23 may be TiAlCrWNbSiN.
- 0 may be sufficient as d. That is, the wear-resistant layer 23 does not necessarily need to contain M.
- the wear-resistant layer 23 may be TiAlCrN, for example.
- the coated tool 1 according to the embodiment can suitably suppress boundary wear by having the adhesion layer 21 and the wear-resistant layer 23 having the above compositions.
- the film adhesion and the film's plastic deformation resistance are factors that contribute to the suppression of boundary damage.
- the adhesion layer 21 according to the embodiment has a high affinity with the substrate 10 which is a cemented carbide.
- the wear-resistant layer 23 having the above composition has a small crystallite diameter, the coating layer 20 having such a wear-resistant layer 23 has high resistance to plastic deformation.
- the coating layer 20 having the adhesion layer 21 and the wear-resistant layer 23 can preferably suppress boundary wear.
- the adhesion layer 21 according to the embodiment is effective in suppressing the secondary boundary wear D2
- the wear-resistant layer 23 according to the embodiment is effective in suppressing the primary boundary wear D1.
- the intermediate layer 22 contains TieAlfMg and at least one non - metal selected from carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
- M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the Periodic Table (excluding Cr) and Si.
- Such an intermediate layer 22 has high oxidation resistance. Therefore, the coated tool 1 having such an intermediate layer 22 can suitably suppress the crater wear D4.
- intermediate layer 22 may be TiAlWNbSiN. Note that the intermediate layer 22 does not necessarily contain M. In this case, the intermediate layer 22 may be TiAlN, for example.
- the ratio of metal components in the intermediate layer 22 can be identified by analysis using, for example, an EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer) attached to a STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope).
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer
- STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
- the ratio of metal components in the adhesion layer 21 and the wear-resistant layer 23 may also be specified by EDS analysis.
- the intermediate layer 22 may be deposited using an arc ion plating method (AIP method).
- AIP method is a method of forming a metal nitride film by evaporating a target metal using arc discharge in a vacuum atmosphere and combining it with N2 gas.
- the bias voltage applied to the substrate 10, which is the object to be coated may be -30 V or less.
- the wear-resistant layer 23 may also be formed by the AIP method.
- the coating layer 20 is composed of the adhesion layer 21, the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 23 is shown, but the coating layer 20 does not necessarily include the intermediate layer 22.
- the coated tool 1 has a coating layer consisting of an adhesion layer 21 positioned on the surface of the substrate 10 and a wear-resistant layer 23 positioned on the surface of the adhesion layer 21. 20.
- the thickness of the coating layer 20 may be 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- wear resistance resistance to abrasive wear
- chipping of the coating layer 20 is less likely to occur. Therefore, the coated tool 1 having the coating layer 20 with a film thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less is excellent in wear resistance and chipping resistance.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer 21 may be 2 nm or more and 8 nm or less.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer 21 is 2 nm or more, it is easy to obtain the effect of improving film adhesion by the adhesion layer 21 . In addition, abnormal damage is less likely to occur because film formation unevenness is less likely to occur.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer 21 is 8 nm or less, the influence of the relatively soft adhesion layer 21 on the plastic deformation of the covering layer 20 becomes small, so that the covering layer 20 is less likely to break. Therefore, the coated tool 1 having the coating layer 20 including the adhesion layer 21 with a film thickness of 2 nm or more and 8 nm or less can further suppress boundary damage.
- the crystallite diameter of the wear-resistant layer 23 may be 200 ⁇ or less. With such a configuration, the plastic deformation resistance of the coating layer 20 is improved and the coating layer 20 is less likely to be destroyed, so boundary damage can be further suppressed.
- the crystallite diameter of the wear-resistant layer 23 can be controlled by the composition of the wear-resistant layer 23.
- the crystallite diameter of the wear-resistant layer 23 can be controlled by the film formation conditions of the wear-resistant layer 23 (bias voltage in physical vapor deposition, etc.).
- the Vickers hardness of the wear-resistant layer 23 may be 28 GPa or more.
- the secondary notch wear D2 is generated, for example, by cutting a work-hardened portion with an extremely low depth of cut. Therefore, by setting the hardness of the coating layer 20 to 28 GPa or more, the secondary boundary wear D2 can be suitably suppressed even when cutting a work material that easily causes work hardening.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 may be smaller than the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 23.
- the intermediate layer 22 is made thinner than the wear-resistant layer 23, the effect of the wear-resistant layer 23 for suppressing boundary damage is less likely to diminish. Therefore, by making the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 smaller than the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 23, the boundary damage can be suitably suppressed.
- the coating layer 20 can be placed on the substrate 10 by using, for example, physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- the coating layer 20 is formed using the vapor deposition method described above while the substrate 10 is held by the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 5, the entire surface of the substrate 10 excluding the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 5 is covered.
- the covering layer 20 can be positioned as follows.
- FIG. 5 is a front view showing an example of the cutting tool according to the embodiment.
- the cutting tool 100 has a coated tool 1 and a holder 70 for fixing the coated tool 1.
- the holder 70 is a rod-shaped member extending from a first end (upper end in FIG. 5) toward a second end (lower end in FIG. 5).
- the holder 70 is made of steel or cast iron, for example. Especially when steel is used in these members, the toughness of the holder 70 is high.
- the holder 70 has a pocket 73 at the end on the first end side.
- the pocket 73 is a portion to which the coated tool 1 is attached, and has a seating surface that intersects with the rotational direction of the work material and a restraining side surface that is inclined with respect to the seating surface.
- the seating surface is provided with screw holes into which screws 75, which will be described later, are screwed.
- the coated tool 1 is positioned in the pocket 73 of the holder 70 and attached to the holder 70 with screws 75 . That is, the screw 75 is inserted into the through hole 5 of the coated tool 1, and the tip of the screw 75 is inserted into the screw hole formed in the seating surface of the pocket 73 to screw the screw portions together. Thereby, the coated tool 1 is attached to the holder 70 so that the cutting edge portion protrudes outward from the holder 70 .
- the embodiment exemplifies a cutting tool used for so-called turning.
- Turning includes, for example, inner diameter machining, outer diameter machining, and grooving.
- the cutting tools are not limited to those used for turning.
- the coated tool 1 may be used as a cutting tool used for milling.
- cutting tools used for milling include flat milling cutters, face milling cutters, side milling cutters, grooving milling cutters, single-blade end mills, multiple-blade end mills, tapered blade end mills, ball end mills, and the like. .
- the coating layer may be formed, for example, by physical vapor deposition.
- physical vapor deposition include ion plating and sputtering.
- the coating layer when the coating layer is produced by the ion plating method, the coating layer can be produced by the following method.
- each metal target of Ti, Al, M (where M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, 6a of the periodic table, and Si), or a composite alloy target Or prepare a sintered body target.
- the above target which is a metal source
- the above target which is a metal source
- the ionized metal is vapor-deposited on the surface of the substrate.
- the adhesion layer can be formed by the above procedure.
- the composition of the adhesion layer can be adjusted by independently controlling the voltage and current values during arc discharge and glow discharge applied to various metal targets for each target.
- the composition of the adhesion layer can also be adjusted by controlling the composition of the metal target, the coating time, and the atmospheric gas pressure.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the coating time.
- each metal target of Ti, Al, Cr, M (where M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, 6a of the periodic table (excluding Cr) and Si), Alternatively, a compounded alloy target or sintered body target is prepared.
- the target which is a metal source
- the target is vaporized and ionized by arc discharge, glow discharge, or the like.
- the ionized metal is reacted with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas or the like and deposited on the surface of the substrate.
- the wear-resistant layer can be formed by the above procedure.
- the composition of the wear-resistant layer can be adjusted by independently controlling the voltage and current values during arc discharge and glow discharge applied to various metal targets for each target.
- the composition of the wear-resistant layer can also be adjusted by controlling the composition of the metal target, the coating time, and the atmospheric gas pressure.
- the thickness of the wear-resistant layer can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the coating time.
- a hardened alloy target or a sintered body target is prepared.
- the target which is a metal source
- the target is vaporized and ionized by arc discharge, glow discharge, or the like.
- the ionized metal is reacted with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas or the like and deposited on the surface of the substrate.
- the intermediate layer can be formed by the above procedure.
- the composition of the intermediate layer can be adjusted by independently controlling the voltage and current values during arc discharge and glow discharge applied to various metal targets for each target.
- the composition of the intermediate layer can also be adjusted by controlling the composition of the metal target, the coating time, and the atmospheric gas pressure.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the coating time.
- the measurement conditions are as follows. The angle of the ⁇ -axis is assumed to be 90° when the normal to the sample surface is on the plane determined by the incident line and the diffraction line. When the angle of the ⁇ axis is 90°, it becomes the central point on the positive pole diagram.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the X-ray intensity distribution of the positive pole figure for the (111) plane of the cubic crystal contained in the coating layer.
- the horizontal axis of the pole figure shown in FIG. 6 indicates the angle of the ⁇ -axis (tilt axis), and the vertical axis indicates the X-ray intensity in the tilt direction.
- the orientation of the (111) plane in a cubic crystal can be evaluated from the X-ray intensity distribution of the positive pole figure for the (111) plane.
- the X-ray intensity distribution having a peak at the position of 35° is a cubic crystal in which the (111) plane is tilted at 35° with respect to the surface of the substrate. This indicates that the number of
- the angle of the ⁇ -axis in the measurement range of 0° or more and 90° or less in the X-ray intensity distribution of the ⁇ -axis of the positive pole figure for the (111) plane of the cubic crystal is The difference between the maximum value (Imax) and the minimum value (Imin) of the X-ray intensity in the range of 30° or more and 90° or less was 10% or less of the maximum value (Imax). From this result, it can be seen that the coating layer according to the example has a homogeneous structure in which crystal orientations are aligned to some extent. Thereby, the coating layer according to the embodiment can suppress abnormal wear such as chipping.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the X-ray intensity distribution of the positive pole figure for the (200) plane of the cubic crystal contained in the coating layer.
- the horizontal axis of the pole figure shown in FIG. 7 indicates the angle of the ⁇ -axis (tilt axis), and the vertical axis indicates the X-ray intensity in the tilt direction.
- the ⁇ -axis has a maximum value and a minimum value of X-ray intensity in the range of 0° or more and 50° or less.
- the coating layer according to the example had a maximum value (Ilmax) at a position of 25° on the ⁇ axis, and the value was 939.
- the coating layer according to the example had a minimum value (Ilmin) at the position where the ⁇ -axis was 40°, and the value was 849.
- the difference between the maximum value (Ilmax) and the minimum value (Ilmin) was 90, which was 10% or less of 930, which is the maximum value (Ilmax).
- the angle of the ⁇ -axis in the measurement range of 0° or more and 90° or less in the X-ray intensity distribution of the ⁇ -axis of the positive pole figure for the (200) plane of the cubic crystal is It has a maximum value and a minimum value of X-ray intensity in the range of 0° or more and 50° or less. Also, in the coating layers according to the examples, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value was 10% or less with respect to the maximum value. From this result, it can be seen that the coating layer according to the example has a homogeneous structure in which crystal orientations are aligned to some extent. Thereby, the coating layer according to the embodiment can suppress abnormal wear such as chipping.
- composition of wear-resistant layer For a coating layer having a wear-resistant layer having a composition of TiaAlbCrcMd , an adhesion layer having a composition of TixAlyMz , and an intermediate layer having a composition of TieAlfMg , A plurality of samples (samples No. 1 to No. 15) having different composition ratios (a to d) of the wear-resistant layer were produced. Sample no. 1 to No. Table 1 shows the composition ratios (a to d) of the wear-resistant layer and the composition of M in No. 15. Sample no. 1 to No. The composition of the adhesion layer in 15 is Al 49 Ti 46 M 5 , specifically Al 49 Ti 46 W 2 Nb 2 Si 1 . Moreover, sample no.
- the composition of the intermediate layer in 15 is Al49Ti46M5N , specifically Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1N .
- the film thicknesses of the wear-resistant layer, the adhesion layer and the intermediate layer in 15 are 4.5 ⁇ m, 5 nm and 2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the crystallite diameter of the (200) plane, the hardness of the wear-resistant layer, the amount of primary boundary wear, and the amount of secondary boundary wear were measured.
- the crystallite size of the (200) plane was measured using XRD.
- the hardness (Vickers hardness) of the wear-resistant layer was measured using a micro-indentation hardness tester "ENT-1100b/a" (manufactured by Elionix Co., Ltd.), and the surface of the wear-resistant layer (that is, the coating layer
- the hardness was measured at a depth of 20% of the thickness of the wear-resistant layer from the surface of the indenter with an indentation load of 30N.
- the primary boundary wear amount and the secondary boundary wear amount were measured from the images obtained by imaging the primary boundary and secondary boundary of each sample after performing the cutting test under the following conditions.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the correlation between the crystallite diameter on the (200) plane of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear. is.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 8 is the crystallite diameter ( ⁇ ) of the (200) plane, and the vertical axis is the secondary boundary wear amount (mm).
- the wear-resistant layer preferably has a crystallite diameter of 200 ⁇ or less. That is, sample no. 1 to No. 15, the crystallite diameter of the (200) plane is 200 ⁇ or less. 1 to No. 7, No. 13 is effective in suppressing primary boundary damage.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the correlation between the Vickers hardness of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of secondary boundary wear.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 9 is the Vickers hardness (GPa) of the wear-resistant layer, and the vertical axis is the secondary boundary wear amount (mm).
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (a) of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 10 is the Ti ratio of the wear-resistant layer, and the vertical axis is the primary boundary wear amount (mm).
- the samples having a Ti ratio (a) of 15 ⁇ a ⁇ 40 specifically sample No. 1 to No. 9, No. 11 to No. 13 is effective in suppressing primary boundary damage.
- samples having a Ti ratio (a) of 20 ⁇ a ⁇ 30 specifically sample No. 1 to No. 6, No. 8, No. 9, No. 11 to No. 13 is particularly effective in suppressing primary boundary damage.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (b) of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 11 is the Al ratio of the wear-resistant layer, and the vertical axis is the primary boundary wear amount (mm).
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the correlation between the Cr ratio (c) of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of primary boundary wear.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 12 is the Cr ratio of the wear-resistant layer, and the vertical axis is the primary boundary wear amount (mm).
- samples having a Cr ratio (c) of 5 ⁇ c ⁇ 20, specifically sample No. 1 to No. 12 is effective in suppressing primary boundary damage. Further, samples having a Cr ratio (c) of 10 ⁇ c ⁇ 20, specifically sample No. 1 to No. 7, No. 9 is particularly effective in suppressing primary boundary damage.
- composition of adhesion layer For a coating layer having a wear-resistant layer having a composition of TiaAlbCrcMd , an adhesion layer having a composition of TixAlyMz , and an intermediate layer having a composition of TieAlfMg , A plurality of samples (samples No. 21 to No. 38) having different composition ratios (x to z) of the adhesion layer were produced. Sample no. 21 to No. Table 2 shows the composition ratio (x to z) of the adhesion layer and the composition of M in No. 38. Sample no. 21 to No. The composition of the wear - resistant layer in 38 is Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5N . Sample no. 21 to No.
- the composition of the intermediate layer at 38 is Al49Ti46M5N , specifically Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1N .
- the film thicknesses of the wear-resistant layer, adhesion layer and intermediate layer in 38 are 4.5 ⁇ m, 5 nm and 2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer, the peel load, the amount of primary boundary wear, and the amount of secondary boundary wear were measured.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer was measured from an image obtained by observing the adhesion layer using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Specifically, the thickness of the adhesion layer was determined by averaging nine measurement results, three points for each three fields of view.
- the peel load was measured by a scratch test. The scratch test was performed using a diamond indenter having a tip shape with an R (curvature radius) of 200 ⁇ m under conditions of a scratch speed of 10 mm/min and a load application speed of 100 N/min.
- peeling load the load when peeling occurred (peeling load) was evaluated as adhesion.
- the larger the critical load the more difficult it is to peel, that is, the higher the adhesion.
- Measurements of primary and secondary boundary wear were carried out using sample no. 1 to No. Similar to 15. These measurement results are also shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the correlation between the peeling load and the amount of secondary boundary wear.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 13 is the peeling load (N), and the vertical axis is the secondary boundary wear amount (mm).
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (x) of the adhesion layer and the peeling load.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (y) of the adhesion layer and the peeling load.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (x) of the adhesion layer and the secondary boundary wear amount.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (y) of the adhesion layer and the secondary boundary wear amount.
- the Ti ratio of the adhesion layer is relatively large and the Al ratio is relatively small.
- composition of intermediate layer For a coating layer having a wear-resistant layer having a composition of TiaAlbCrcMd , an adhesion layer having a composition of TixAlyMz , and an intermediate layer having a composition of TieAlfMg , A plurality of samples (samples No. 41 to No. 49) having different intermediate layer composition ratios (e to g) were produced. Sample no. 41 to No. Table 3 shows the composition ratio (e to g) of the intermediate layer and the composition of M in No. 49.
- the composition of the wear - resistant layer is Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5N .
- the composition of the adhesion layer is Al 49 Ti 46 M 5 , specifically Al 49 Ti 46 W 2 Nb 2 Si 1 .
- the film thicknesses of the wear-resistant layer, adhesion layer and intermediate layer in 49 are 2.5 ⁇ m, 5 nm and 2 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the prepared sample No. 41 to No. For No. 49 the crater wear depth was measured.
- the crater wear depth was measured by imaging the rake face of each sample after performing a cutting test under the same conditions as the measurement of the primary and secondary boundary wear in the wear-resistant layer and adhesion layer. measured from the image. This measurement result is also shown in Table 3.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the correlation between the Ti ratio (e) of the intermediate layer and the crater wear depth.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 18 is the Ti ratio of the intermediate layer, and the vertical axis is the crater wear depth (mm).
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the correlation between the Al ratio (f) of the intermediate layer and the crater wear depth.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 19 is the Al ratio of the intermediate layer, and the vertical axis is the crater wear depth (mm).
- Coated tools having a coating layer consisting of an adhesion layer and a single wear-resistant layer on the surface of a substrate (Samples No. 3, No. 24, and No. 43 described above; Samples No. 3, No. 24, and No. 43 is the same sample), a coated tool having a coating layer consisting of only a single wear-resistant layer on the surface of the substrate, and a wear-resistant layer in which two layers with different compositions are alternately laminated on the substrate.
- a coated tool having on the surface of each was produced.
- the substrate contains a hard phase containing WC and a metallic binder phase containing an iron group element.
- the composition of the adhesion layer is Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1 .
- the composition of the single- layer wear - resistant layer is Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5N .
- the composition of each layer in the wear-resistant layer in which two layers are alternately laminated is AlCrN and AlTiWNbSiN, respectively.
- a cutting test was performed using the three samples that were produced.
- the conditions are as follows.
- FIG. 20 shows the state of the cutting edge after cutting for 14.8 minutes under the above cutting conditions.
- FIG. 20 is an image showing the cutting edge state of three coated tools having different film configurations after a cutting test.
- the coated tool having the film configuration of “adherence layer and single layer wear-resistant layer”, the coated tool having the film configuration of “single layer wear-resistant layer only”, and the coated tool having the film configuration of “two layers alternately The primary and secondary notch wear was reduced compared to the coated tool having a film configuration of "a wear resistant layer laminated on the From this result, it can be seen that the film configuration of "an adhesion layer and a single wear-resistant layer" is effective in suppressing boundary wear.
- the coated tool having the film configuration of “adherence layer and single layer wear-resistant layer” is divided into the coated tool having the film configuration of “single layer wear-resistant layer only”, and the coated tool having the film configuration of “single layer wear-resistant layer only”, Abrasive wear was also reduced compared to coated tools having a film configuration of the "wear layer”. From this result, it can be seen that the film configuration of "an adhesion layer and a single wear-resistant layer” is also effective in suppressing abrasive wear.
- composition of adhesion layer A plurality of samples with different compositions of the adhesion layer were prepared for the coated tool having the film structure of "an adhesion layer and a single wear-resistant layer.”
- the compositions of the adhesion layers are Ti, Cr, Al, TiCr, AlCr, TiAl, TiAlCr and TiAlNbWSi, respectively.
- TiAlNbWSi is specifically Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1 .
- a cutting test was performed on a plurality of prepared samples under the same conditions as above.
- the composition of the wear - resistant layer is TiAlNbWSiN , specifically, Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5N in all samples .
- FIG. 21 shows the state of the cutting edge after cutting for 7.4 minutes under the above cutting conditions.
- FIG. 21 is an image showing the state of cutting edges of eight coated tools having different adhesion layer compositions after a cutting test.
- the wear state changed depending on the composition of the adhesion layer. Specifically, a coated tool having an adhesion layer made of TiAl and a coated tool having an adhesion layer made of TiAlNbWSi exhibited primary notch wear, secondary notch wear, and abrasive wear compared to coated tools having adhesion layers of other compositions. It was found that wear was suppressed.
- composition of wear-resistant layer A plurality of samples with different compositions of the wear-resistant layer were prepared for the coated tool having the film configuration of "an adhesion layer and a single-layer wear-resistant layer.”
- the compositions of the wear-resistant layers are TiAlN, TiAlSiN, TiAlNbN, TiAlWN, TiAlCrN, TiAlWNbSiN and TiAlCrWNbSiN, respectively.
- TiAlCrWNbSiN is specifically Al 59.5 Ti 23 Cr 15 W 1 Nb 1 Si 0.5 N, and a plurality of prepared samples were subjected to a cutting test under the same conditions as above.
- the composition of the adhesion layer is TiAlNbWSi, specifically Al 49 Ti 46 W 2 Nb 2 Si 1 in all samples.
- FIG. 22 shows the state of the cutting edge after cutting for 7.4 minutes under the above cutting conditions.
- FIG. 22 is an image showing the state of cutting edges of seven coated tools having different compositions of the wear-resistant layer after the cutting test.
- the wear state changed depending on the composition of the wear-resistant layer. Specifically, it was found that a coated tool having a wear-resistant layer made of TiAlCrWNbSiN is less susceptible to primary notch wear, secondary notch wear, and abrasive wear than coated tools having wear-resistant layers of other compositions. Ta.
- the film thickness of the coating layer of each sample is 1.7 ⁇ m, 3.1 ⁇ m, 3.4 ⁇ m, 4.1 ⁇ m, 4.7 ⁇ m, 5.3 ⁇ m and 5.8 ⁇ m, respectively.
- the film thickness of the adhesion layer is the same for all samples. Therefore, the thicker the thickness of the coating layer, the thicker the thickness of the wear-resistant layer.
- the average film thickness of the adhesion layer is 5 nm.
- a cutting test was conducted under the same conditions as above for the multiple samples that were produced. Then, using an image showing the cutting edge state of each sample after the test, the length of abrasive wear in the thickness direction of the coating layer of each sample (hereinafter referred to as "abrasive wear amount”) was measured. The cutting time in the cutting test was 15 minutes.
- FIG. 23 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the wear-resistant layer and the amount of abrasive wear.
- the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 23 is the total film thickness of the coating layer, that is, the sum of the film thickness of the adhesion layer and the film thickness of the wear-resistant layer.
- the vertical axis of the graph shown in FIG. 23 is the amount of abrasive wear.
- a cutting test was performed on a commercially available coated tool with a coating layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m under the same cutting conditions as above, and then the amount of abrasive wear was measured. This result is shown in FIG. 23 by the black circles.
- the thickness of the coating layer is preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or more. Further, by setting the total film thickness of the coating layer to about 3 ⁇ m, the amount of abrasive wear is approximately the same as that of commercially available products. Further, from the results of FIG. 23, in order to reduce the amount of abrasive wear as much as possible, it is preferable to set the total film thickness of the coating layers to 4.1 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, if the film thickness of the coating layer is thicker than 10 ⁇ m, film formation becomes difficult. Therefore, the thickness of the coating layer is preferably 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 4.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness of the adhesion layer can be controlled by adjusting the film formation time of the adhesion layer, and the longer the film formation time is, the thicker the adhesion layer becomes.
- the deposition time of the adhesion layer of each sample was 0 min, 0.7 min, 1.5 min and 3 min, respectively.
- the film thickness of the adhesion layer of each sample is 0 nm, 1 nm, 5 nm and 10 nm.
- a cutting test was conducted under the same conditions as above for the multiple samples that were produced. Then, using the image showing the cutting edge state of each sample after the test, the length of the primary boundary wear in the thickness direction of the coating layer of each sample (hereinafter referred to as "primary boundary wear amount”), the secondary boundary wear The length (hereinafter referred to as “secondary boundary wear amount”) and the length of abrasive wear (hereinafter referred to as “abrasive wear amount”) were measured.
- the cutting time in the cutting test is 7.4 minutes.
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing the relationship between the film formation time of the adhesion layer and various amounts of wear. As shown in FIG. 24, the longer the film formation time of the adhesion layer, that is, the greater the thickness of the adhesion layer, the more the amount of wear tends to decrease. This tendency was particularly noticeable in secondary boundary wear. From the results shown in FIG. 24, the thickness of the adhesion layer is preferably 2 nm or more and 8 nm or less in order to suppress all of the primary boundary wear, secondary boundary wear, and flank wear.
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the relationship between the film-forming time of the adhesion layer and the number of impacts until chipping. As shown in FIG. 25, it can be seen that when the film formation time exceeds 1.5 minutes, the chipping resistance deteriorates. Therefore, from the results shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, the thickness of the adhesion layer is preferably 2 nm or more and 8 nm or less. Note that the thickness of the adhesion layer can be derived from the film formation time.
- FIG. 26 is an image taken from a direction perpendicular to the rake face of the cutting edge state of the sample having the intermediate layer after the cutting test.
- FIG. 27 is an image of the state of the cutting edge after the cutting test of the sample having no intermediate layer taken from the direction perpendicular to the rake face.
- TiAlNbWSi specifically, an adhesion layer made of Al 49 Ti 46 W 2 Nb 2 Si 1 , TiAlWNbSiN, specifically, an intermediate layer made of Al 49 Ti 46 W 2 Nb 2 Si 1 N, and TiAlCrWNbSiN, specifically prepared a plurality of samples with different film thickness ratios of the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant layer for a coated tool having a wear-resistant layer made of Al 59.5 Ti 23 Cr 15 W 1 Nb 1 Si 0.5 N. Also, a coated tool without an intermediate layer and a coated tool without a wear-resistant layer were produced. A cutting test was performed on each of the prepared samples under the following conditions, and the state of the cutting edge after the cutting test was observed. The cutting time is 14.8 minutes.
- FIG. 28 is a table summarizing the film thicknesses of the intermediate layer and wear-resistant layer of five samples having different film thickness ratios of the intermediate layer and wear-resistant layer, and an image showing the cutting edge state after the cutting test.
- sample No. 51 is a sample without an intermediate layer. Specifically, sample no. In No. 51, the wear-resistant layer has a thickness of 4 ⁇ m and the intermediate layer has a thickness of 0 ⁇ m. Sample no. In No. 52, the wear-resistant layer has a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m and the intermediate layer has a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m. Sample no. In No. 53, both the thickness of the wear-resistant layer and the intermediate layer are 2 ⁇ m. Sample no. In 54, the wear-resistant layer has a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m and the intermediate layer has a thickness of 2.5 ⁇ m. Sample no. 55 is a sample without an abrasion resistant layer. Specifically, sample no. In No. 55, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is 0 ⁇ m and the thickness of the intermediate layer is 4 ⁇ m.
- sample No. 1 in which the intermediate layer is thicker than the wear-resistant layer. 54 and sample no. Sample No. 55 has an intermediate layer thinner than the wear-resistant layer. 51 to No. It can be seen that the boundary damage is large compared to 53. From this result, it is preferable that the thickness of the intermediate layer is equal to or less than the thickness of the wear-resistant layer.
- a coated tool according to the present disclosure includes a rod-shaped body having an axis of rotation and extending from a first end to a second end, a cutting edge located at the first end of the body, and a cutting edge extending from the cutting edge to the second end of the body. It may have a groove extending spirally toward the side.
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Abstract
Description
チップ本体2は、たとえば、上面および下面(図1に示すZ軸と交わる面)の形状が平行四辺形である六面体形状を有する。
基体10は、超硬合金製である。具体的には、基体10は、少なくともWC(炭化タングステン)を含有する硬質相と、Ni(ニッケル)またはCo(コバルト)といった鉄族元素を含む金属結合相とを含有する。一例として、基体10は、WCからなる硬質粒子を硬質相成分とし、Coを結合相の主成分とするWC基超硬合金からなる。
被覆層20は、例えば、基体10の耐摩耗性、耐熱性等を向上させることを目的として基体10に被覆される。図2の例では、被覆層20が基体10を全体的に被覆している。本例に限らず、被覆層20は、少なくとも基体10の上に位置していればよい。被覆層20が基体10の第1面(ここでは、上面)に位置する場合、第1面の耐摩耗性、耐熱性が高い。被覆層20が基体10の第2面(ここでは、側面)に位置する場合、第2面の耐摩耗性、耐熱性が高い。
実施形態に係る被覆層20は、周期律表4a、5a、6a族元素、Al、Si、B、YおよびMnの中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素と、C、NおよびOの中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素とからなる立方晶の結晶を含有していてもよい。たとえば、被覆層20は、TiAlNからなる立方晶の結晶を含有していてもよい。この場合、実施形態に係る被覆層20は、立方晶の結晶の(111)面に関する正極点図のα軸のX線強度分布における0°以上90°以下の測定範囲において、α軸の角度が30°以上90°以下の範囲におけるX線強度の最大値(Imax)と最小値(Imin)との差が最大値(Imax)の10%以下であってもよい。かかる構成を有する被覆層20は、結晶方位が揃った均質な組織を有することから、たとえばチッピング等の異常摩耗を抑制することができる。
ここで、チップ本体に生じる損傷の形態について図3を参照して説明する。図3は、参考例に係るチップ本体2Xにおけるコーナー部分201Xの模式的な拡大図である。
次に、本実施形態に係る被覆層20の製造方法の一例について説明する。なお、本態様の被覆工具の製造方法は、下記の製造方法に限定されるものではない。
TiAlNbWSi、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1からなる密着層と、TiAlWNbSiN、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1Nからなる中間層と、TiAlCrWNbSiN、具体的には、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nとからなる耐摩耗層を有する被覆工具について、X線強度分布の測定を行った。測定条件は、以下の通りである。なお、試料面法線が入射線と回折線で決まる平面上にあるとき、α軸の角度を90°とする。α軸の角度が90°のとき、正極点図上では中心の点となる。
(1)平板コリメータ
(2)走査方法:同心円
(3)β走査範囲:0°以上360°以下/2.5°ピッチ
(4)θ固定角度:被覆層(耐摩耗層)に含まれるTiAlN結晶の(111)面の回折角度は37°から39°までの間で回折強度が最も高くなる角度とする。被覆層(耐摩耗層)に含まれるTiAlN結晶の(200)面の回折角度は43°から45°までの間で回折強度が最も高くなる角度とする。
(5)α走査範囲:0°以上90°以下/2.5°ステップ
(6)ターゲット:CuKα、電圧:45kV、電流:40mA
図7は、被覆層に含まれる立方晶の結晶の(200)面に関する正極点図のX線強度分布を表すグラフである。図7に示す正極点図の横軸はα軸(あおり軸)の角度を示しており、縦軸はあおり方向におけるX線強度を示している。
TiaAlbCrcMdの組成を有する耐摩耗層と、TixAlyMzの組成を有する密着層と、TieAlfMgの組成を有する中間層とを有する被覆層について、耐摩耗層の組成比(a~d)が異なる複数の試料(試料No.1~No.15)を作製した。試料No.1~No.15における耐摩耗層の組成比(a~d)およびMの組成は、表1に示す通りである。試料No.1~No.15における密着層の組成は、いずれもAl49Ti46M5、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1である。また、試料No.1~No.15における中間層の組成は、Al49Ti46M5N、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1Nである。試料No.1~No.15における耐摩耗層、密着層および中間層の膜厚は、それぞれ4.5μm、5nmおよび2μmである。
被削材:インコネル(登録商標)718
切削速度(Vc):30m/min
送り(f):0.1mm/rev
切り込み(ap):0.5mm
切削状態:湿式
使用工具:CNMG120408SG
切削時間:7.4min
TiaAlbCrcMdの組成を有する耐摩耗層と、TixAlyMzの組成を有する密着層と、TieAlfMgの組成を有する中間層とを有する被覆層について、密着層の組成比(x~z)が異なる複数の試料(試料No.21~No.38)を作製した。試料No.21~No.38における密着層の組成比(x~z)およびMの組成は、表2に示す通りである。試料No.21~No.38における耐摩耗層の組成は、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nである。試料No.21~No.38における中間層の組成は、Al49Ti46M5N、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1Nである。試料No.21~No.38における耐摩耗層、密着層および中間層の膜厚は、それぞれ4.5μm、5nmおよび2μmである。
TiaAlbCrcMdの組成を有する耐摩耗層と、TixAlyMzの組成を有する密着層と、TieAlfMgの組成を有する中間層とを有する被覆層について、中間層の組成比(e~g)が異なる複数の試料(試料No.41~No.49)を作製した。試料No.41~No.49における中間層の組成比(e~g)およびMの組成は、表3に示す通りである。耐摩耗層の組成は、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nである。密着層の組成は、Al49Ti46M5、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1である。試料No.41~No.49における耐摩耗層、密着層および中間層の膜厚は、それぞれ2.5μm、5nmおよび2μmである。
密着層および単層の耐摩耗層からなる被覆層を基体の表面に有する被覆工具(上述した試料No.3,No.24,No.43。なお、試料No.3,No.24,No.43は、同一の試料である。)と、単層の耐摩耗層のみからなる被覆層を基体の表面に有する被覆工具と、組成が異なる2つの層が交互に積層された耐摩耗層を基体の表面に有する被覆工具とをそれぞれ作製した。基体は、WCを含有する硬質相と、鉄族元素を含む金属結合相とを含有する。密着層の組成は、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1である。単層の耐摩耗層の組成は、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nである。2つの層が交互に積層された耐摩耗層における各層の組成は、それぞれAlCrNおよびAlTiWNbSiNである。
被削材:インコネル(登録商標)718
切削速度(Vc):30m/min
送り(f):0.1mm/rev
切り込み(ap):0.5mm
切削状態:湿式
使用工具:CNMG120408SG
「密着層および単層の耐摩耗層」の膜構成を有する被覆工具について、密着層の組成が異なる複数の試料を作製した。密着層の組成は、それぞれTi、Cr、Al、TiCr、AlCr、TiAl、TiAlCrおよびTiAlNbWSiである。TiAlNbWSiは、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1である。そして、作製した複数の試料について上記と同様の条件にて切削試験を行った。なお、耐摩耗層の組成は、いずれの試料もTiAlNbWSiN、具体的には、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nである。
「密着層および単層の耐摩耗層」の膜構成を有する被覆工具について、耐摩耗層の組成が異なる複数の試料を作製した。耐摩耗層の組成は、それぞれTiAlN、TiAlSiN、TiAlNbN、TiAlWN、TiAlCrN、TiAlWNbSiNおよびTiAlCrWNbSiNである。TiAlCrWNbSiNは、具体的には、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nそして、作製した複数の試料について上記と同様の条件にて切削試験を行った。なお、密着層の組成は、いずれの試料もTiAlNbWSi、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1である。
TiAlNbWSi、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1からなる密着層およびTiAlCrWNbSiN、具体的には、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nからなる耐摩耗層を有する被覆工具について、耐摩耗層の膜厚が異なる複数の試料を作製した。各試料の被覆層の膜厚は、それぞれ1.7μm、3.1μm、3.4μm、4.1μm、4.7μm、5.3μmおよび5.8μmである。密着層の膜厚はいずれの試料も同一である。したがって、被覆層の膜厚が厚い試料ほど耐摩耗層の膜厚は厚い。密着層の膜厚は、平均値で5nmである。
TiAlNbWSi、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1からなる密着層およびTiAlCrWNbSiN、具体的には、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nからなる耐摩耗層を有する被覆工具について、密着層の膜厚が異なる複数の試料を作製した。密着層の膜厚は、密着層の成膜時間を調整することで制御することができ、成膜時間を長くするほど密着層の膜厚は厚くなる。各試料の密着層の成膜時間は、それぞれ0min、0.7min、1.5minおよび3minである。また、各試料の密着層の膜厚は、0nm、1nm、5nmおよび10nmである。
被削材:SUS304
切削速度:150m/min
送り:0.2mm/rev
切込み:1mm
切削状態:湿式
使用工具:CNMG120408SG
評価方法:欠損するまでの衝撃回数(回)
TiAlNbWSi、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1からなる密着層およびTiAlCrWNbSiN、具体的には、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nからなる耐摩耗層を有する被覆工具について、密着層と耐摩耗層との間に中間層を有する試料と中間層を有しない試料とを作製した。中間層の組成は、TiAlWNbSiN、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1Nである。そして、作製した試料について以下の条件にて切削試験を行った。
被削材:SUS304
切削速度:150m/min
送り:0.2mm/rev
切込み:1mm
切削状態:湿式
使用工具:CNMG120408SG
TiAlNbWSi、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1からなる密着層、TiAlWNbSiN、具体的には、Al49Ti46W2Nb2Si1Nからなる中間層およびTiAlCrWNbSiN、具体的には、Al59.5Ti23Cr15W1Nb1Si0.5Nからなる耐摩耗層を有する被覆工具について、中間層および耐摩耗層の膜厚の比率が異なる複数の試料を作製した。また、中間層を有しない被覆工具および耐摩耗層を有しない被覆工具を作製した。そして、作製した各試料について下記の条件にて切削試験を行い、切削試験後の刃先状態の観察を行った。切削時間は、14.8分間である。
被削材:インコネル(登録商標)718
切削速度(Vc):30m/min
送り(f):0.1mm/rev
切り込み(ap):0.5mm
切削状態:湿式
使用工具:CNMG120408SG
2 チップ本体
4a 周期律表
5 貫通孔
10 基体
20 被覆層
21 密着層
22 中間層
23 耐摩耗層
100 切削工具
201 コーナー部
D1 一次境界摩耗
D2 二次境界摩耗
D3 アブレシブ摩耗
D4 クレータ摩耗
Claims (8)
- 基体と、該基体の表面に位置する被覆層とを備え、
前記被覆層は、周期律4a、5a、6a族元素、Al、Si、B、YおよびMnの中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素と、C、Nの中から選択される少なくとも1種の元素とからなる立方晶の結晶を含有し、
前記被覆層の(111)面に関する正極点図のα軸のX線強度分布における0°以上90°以下の測定範囲において、α軸の角度が30°以上90°以下の範囲におけるX線強度の最大値と最小値との差が、前記最大値の10%以下である、被覆工具。 - 基体と、該基体の表面に位置する被覆層とを備え、
前記被覆層は、周期律4a、5a、6a族元素、Al、Si、B、YおよびMnの中から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素と、C、Nの中から選択される少なくとも1種の元素とからなる立方晶の結晶を含有し、
前記被覆層の(200)面に関する正極点図のα軸のX線強度分布における0°以上90°以下の測定範囲において、α軸の角度が0°以上50°以下の範囲にX線強度の極大値および極小値を有し、かつ、前記極大値と前記極小値との差が、前記極大値の10%以下である、被覆工具。 - 前記被覆層の厚みは、2.5μm以上10μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の被覆工具。
- 前記被覆層の結晶子径は、200Å以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の被覆工具。
- 前記被覆層は、前記基体と接する密着層と、耐摩耗層とを含み、
前記耐摩耗層のビッカース硬度は、28GPa以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の被覆工具。 - 前記被覆層は、前記基体と接する密着層と、耐摩耗層とを含み、
前記密着層の厚みは、2nm以上8nm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の被覆工具。 - 前記被覆層は、前記基体と接する密着層と、前記密着層に接する中間層と、前記中間層に接する耐摩耗層とを含み、
前記中間層は、TieAlfMg(Mは、周期律表4a、5a、6a族(Crを除く)、およびSiから選択される少なくとも1種の金属、いずれも原子比で、0≦e≦55、40≦f≦80、但し、e+f+g=100)と、炭素、窒素および酸素から選択される少なくとも1種の非金属とを含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一つに記載の被覆工具。 - 端部にポケットを有する棒状のホルダと、
前記ポケット内に位置する、請求項1~7のいずれか一つに記載の被覆工具と
を有する、切削工具。
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| CN202380023712.2A CN118900738A (zh) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-02-07 | 涂层刀具以及切削刀具 |
| US18/842,022 US20250178098A1 (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-02-07 | Coated tool and cutting tool |
| DE112023001148.6T DE112023001148T5 (de) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-02-07 | Beschichtetes werkzeug und schneidwerkzeug |
| JP2024502996A JP7764578B2 (ja) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-02-07 | 被覆工具および切削工具 |
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| WO2023162682A1 true WO2023162682A1 (ja) | 2023-08-31 |
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Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20250178098A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7764578B2 (ja) |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009006427A (ja) * | 2007-06-27 | 2009-01-15 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
| JP2009056537A (ja) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
| JP2009203485A (ja) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-10 | Tungaloy Corp | 被覆部材 |
| WO2010007958A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-21 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆部材 |
| WO2011016488A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆部材 |
| WO2019146710A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | 京セラ株式会社 | 被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
| WO2020196631A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 京セラ株式会社 | 被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
| WO2022172954A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-18 | 株式会社Moldino | 被覆工具 |
-
2023
- 2023-02-07 US US18/842,022 patent/US20250178098A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-07 WO PCT/JP2023/004036 patent/WO2023162682A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-07 JP JP2024502996A patent/JP7764578B2/ja active Active
- 2023-02-07 DE DE112023001148.6T patent/DE112023001148T5/de active Pending
- 2023-02-07 CN CN202380023712.2A patent/CN118900738A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009006427A (ja) * | 2007-06-27 | 2009-01-15 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
| JP2009056537A (ja) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 表面被覆切削工具 |
| JP2009203485A (ja) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-10 | Tungaloy Corp | 被覆部材 |
| WO2010007958A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-21 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆部材 |
| WO2011016488A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | 株式会社タンガロイ | 被覆部材 |
| WO2019146710A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | 京セラ株式会社 | 被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
| WO2020196631A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 京セラ株式会社 | 被覆工具及びこれを備えた切削工具 |
| WO2022172954A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-18 | 株式会社Moldino | 被覆工具 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20250178098A1 (en) | 2025-06-05 |
| CN118900738A (zh) | 2024-11-05 |
| JPWO2023162682A1 (ja) | 2023-08-31 |
| JP7764578B2 (ja) | 2025-11-05 |
| DE112023001148T5 (de) | 2024-12-19 |
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