WO2023140163A1 - 非水電解質二次電池および非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池および非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the size of binder aggregates contained in a positive electrode mixture layer is controlled within a specific range for the purpose of improving the cycle characteristics of the battery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the size of the binder aggregates contained in the positive electrode mixture layer is 0.5 to 1.0 times the average particle diameter of the active material particles, and the number ratio of the binder aggregates having that size is 70% or more of the total number of binder aggregates.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with excellent cycle characteristics.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode has a core material and a mixture layer formed on the core material, the mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the ratio of the area of the aggregated binder and conductive agent obtained by image analysis of the cross section of the mixture layer is 2.2% or less of the area of the cross section.
- a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, the positive electrode having a core material and a mixture layer formed on the core material.
- a binder solution is prepared by previously dissolving at least part of the binder in a dispersion medium, and the binder solution is mixed with a slurry precursor containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a dispersion medium.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure has excellent cycle characteristics. According to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure, for example, it is possible to increase the capacity by increasing the thickness of the positive electrode, and even if the thickness of the positive electrode is increased, the ion transport path is sufficiently secured, and good cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional backscattered electron image of a positive electrode that is an example of an embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure also has excellent output characteristics, for example.
- the adhesiveness of the mixture layer to the core material would decrease when the amount of aggregated binder decreased, but the decrease in adhesiveness was limited, and it was found that there were no problems that would affect battery performance such as cycle characteristics.
- a cylindrical battery in which the wound electrode body 14 is housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer can 16 is exemplified, but the battery outer body is not limited to a cylindrical outer can, and may be, for example, a rectangular outer can (rectangular battery) or an outer body (laminated battery) composed of a laminated sheet containing a metal layer and a resin layer. Further, the electrode body may be a laminated electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated with separators interposed therebetween.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a wound electrode body 14, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and an outer can 16 that accommodates the electrode body 14 and the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13, and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound with the separator 13 interposed therebetween.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container that is open on one side in the axial direction. In the following description, for convenience of explanation, the side of the sealing member 17 of the battery will be referred to as the upper side, and the bottom side of the outer can 16 will be referred to as the lower side.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13, which constitute the electrode assembly 14, are all strip-shaped elongated bodies, and are alternately laminated in the radial direction of the electrode assembly 14 by being spirally wound.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed with a size one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent deposition of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction (transverse direction).
- the separator 13 is formed to have a size at least one size larger than that of the positive electrode 11, and two separators 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11 therebetween.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 extends through the through hole of the insulating plate 18 toward the sealing member 17
- the negative electrode lead 21 extends through the outside of the insulating plate 19 toward the bottom of the outer can 16 .
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17 by welding or the like, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the inner surface of the bottom of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container that is open on one side in the axial direction.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing member 17 to ensure hermeticity inside the battery and insulation between the outer can 16 and the sealing member 17 .
- the outer can 16 is formed with a grooved portion 22 that supports the sealing member 17 and has a portion of the side surface projecting inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably annularly formed along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16 and supports the sealing member 17 on its upper surface.
- the sealing member 17 is fixed to the upper portion of the outer can 16 by the grooved portion 22 and the open end of the outer can 16 crimped to the sealing member 17 .
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are layered in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing member 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member other than the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at their central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between their peripheral edge portions.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, the separator 13, and the non-aqueous electrolyte that constitute the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 will be described in detail below, particularly the positive electrode 11.
- the backscattered electron image of the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer in FIG. 2 is referred to as appropriate.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode core material 30 and a positive electrode mixture layer 31 formed on the positive electrode core material 30 .
- a foil of a metal such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- An example of the positive electrode core material 30 is an aluminum or aluminum alloy foil with a thickness of 10 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 contains a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive agent, and the area ratio of the aggregated binder and conductive agent obtained by image analysis of the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is 2.2% or less of the area of the cross section.
- the positive electrode mixture layers 31 are preferably formed on both sides of the positive electrode core material 30 .
- the thickness of the positive electrode 11 is, for example, 140 ⁇ m or more, preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, and may be 180 ⁇ m or more. Although the upper limit of the thickness of the positive electrode 11 is not particularly limited, it is 250 ⁇ m as an example.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is, for example, 70 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m on one side of the positive electrode core material 30 .
- the thickness of the positive electrode 11 is 150 ⁇ m or more, it becomes easy to increase the capacity of the battery. On the other hand, when the thickness of the positive electrode 11 increases, the movement of lithium ions is generally more likely to be hindered.
- the density of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 3.5 g/cc or more from the viewpoint of increasing the capacity.
- the positive electrode 11 can be produced by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, etc. on the positive electrode core material 30, drying the coating film, and then compressing it to form the positive electrode mixture layers 31 on both sides of the positive electrode core material 30, but a step for improving the dispersibility of the binder is added. Although the details will be described later, by improving the dispersibility of the binder in the positive electrode mixture slurry, the aggregate amount of the binder and the conductive agent can be controlled to 2.2% or less.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 contains a particulate lithium metal composite oxide as a positive electrode active material.
- a lithium metal composite oxide is a composite oxide containing metal elements such as Co, Mn, Ni and Al in addition to Li.
- the metal element constituting the lithium metal composite oxide is at least one selected from, for example, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, Sb, W, Pb, and Bi. Among them, it is preferable to contain at least one selected from Co, Ni, and Mn.
- suitable composite oxides include lithium metal composite oxides containing Ni, Co and Mn and lithium metal composite oxides containing Ni, Co and Al.
- the positive electrode active material is, for example, secondary particles formed by aggregating multiple primary particles.
- An example of the volume-based median diameter (D50) of the positive electrode active material is 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, or 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- D50 means a particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smaller particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called median diameter.
- the particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material can be measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (eg MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) using water as a dispersion medium.
- binders contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include fluorine-containing resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resins, and polyolefins.
- fluorine-containing resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resins, and polyolefins.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- acrylic resins polyolefins
- the type of binder is not particularly limited, but fluorine-containing resins such as PVdF are preferred. Further, these resins may be used in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or salts thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like.
- Examples of the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include particulate conductive agents such as carbon black, acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, and graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNT), vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCF), electrospun carbon fibers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers, pitch-based carbon fibers, and fibrous conductive agents such as graphene.
- particulate conductive agents such as carbon black, acetylene black (AB), ketjen black, and graphite
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- VGCF vapor grown carbon fibers
- electrospun carbon fibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- pitch-based carbon fibers pitch-based carbon fibers
- fibrous conductive agents such as graphene.
- the type of conductive agent is not particularly limited, CNTs are preferred. Since CNTs can exhibit good electrical conductivity with addition of a small amount, they
- the total content of the binder and the conductive agent in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is, for example, 1.5% by mass or less, preferably 1.2% by mass or less of the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 .
- the content of the positive electrode active material can be increased, and it becomes easy to increase the capacity of the battery.
- the binder content is 0.3 to 1.0% by mass, or 0.5 to 0.8% by mass
- the conductive agent content is 0.2 to 1.0% by mass, or 0.3 to 0.8% by mass, based on the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer 31.
- Contents of suitable binders and conductive agents vary somewhat depending on the type of conductive agent.
- the total content of the binder and the conductive agent is preferably 1.0 mass % or less of the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 .
- the CNTs may be single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) or multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs).
- MWCNT multi-walled CNTs
- a CNT with a herringbone structure in which a graphene sheet composed of a six-membered carbon ring is wound at an oblique angle to the fiber axis, or the like
- Two or more types of CNTs may be added to the positive electrode mixture layer 31 .
- the average diameter of CNTs is, for example, 50 nm or less, preferably 40 nm or less, more preferably 25 nm or less, or 20 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the average diameter of CNTs is not particularly limited, it is 1 nm or 5 nm as an example.
- An example of a suitable range for the average diameter of CNTs is 1-20 nm, or 5-20 nm. If the average diameter of the CNTs is within this range, the effect of improving cycle characteristics is enhanced compared to the case of using CNTs having an average diameter outside this range.
- the average diameter of the CNTs is obtained by selecting 100 CNTs from the surface TEM image of the positive electrode mixture layer 31, measuring the diameters, and averaging the measured values.
- the average fiber length of CNTs may be shorter than the length corresponding to D50 of the positive electrode active material.
- the average fiber length of CNT is, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or longer, preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or longer, more preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or longer, or 1 ⁇ m or longer.
- the upper limit of the average fiber length of CNT is not particularly limited, it is 10 ⁇ m or 5 ⁇ m as an example.
- An example of a suitable range for the average fiber length of CNTs is 1 to 10 ⁇ m, or 1 to 5 ⁇ m. If the average fiber length of CNTs is within the range, the effect of improving cycle characteristics is enhanced compared to the case of using CNTs having an average fiber length outside the range.
- the average fiber length of CNTs is obtained by selecting 100 CNTs from the cross-sectional backscattered electron image of the positive electrode mixture layer 31, measuring the fiber lengths, and averaging the measured values.
- the ratio of the area of the aggregated binder and conductive agent obtained by image analysis of the cross section of the mixture layer is 2.2% or less of the area of the cross section.
- the black portions present between the particles of the positive electrode active material are aggregated binder and conductive agent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "aggregate"). Aggregates exist between particles of the positive electrode active material, form conductive paths in the positive electrode mixture layer 31, and bind the active material particles together to secure a layer structure.
- the aggregate contains, for example, a binder and a conductive agent in proportions corresponding to the added amounts.
- the ratio of the area of the aggregates to the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "aggregation amount") is obtained by analyzing the backscattered electron image of the cross section of the mixture layer. More specifically, after the voids of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 are filled with an epoxy resin containing iodine, a backscattered electron image of the cross section of the mixture layer is acquired with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and image analysis is performed. Since the black portion in the backscattered electron image is an aggregate, the amount of aggregation can be obtained by calculating the ratio of the area of the black portion to the total cross-sectional area of the mixture layer in the backscattered electron image.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- aggregates are those recognized when the size of one pixel in a backscattered electron image is 110 nm.
- the image processing software "ImageJ" is used, and aggregates having a gray scale value of 0 to 100 expressed in the range of 0 to 256 are regarded as aggregates.
- part of the binder and the conductive agent exist as aggregates, and the remaining part exists in a non-aggregated state that is not confirmed by the image analysis. It is preferable that the aggregates are evenly present in the entire positive electrode mixture layer 31 without being unevenly distributed in a part of the positive electrode mixture layer 31 .
- the amount of aggregation of the binder and the conductive agent is 2.2% or less, preferably 2.1% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less. In this case, the transport path of lithium ions in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is sufficiently secured, and the cycle characteristics are effectively improved. It was thought that the adhesion of the positive electrode material mixture layer 31 to the positive electrode core material 30 would decrease when the amount of aggregated binder decreased.
- the lower limit of the amount of aggregation is not particularly limited, it is 0.1% as an example from the viewpoint of adhesion and the like.
- a suitable range for the amount of aggregation is, for example, 0.5% to 2.0%, more preferably 1.0% to 1.8%.
- the positive electrode 11 that constitutes the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 is manufactured, for example, through the following steps. (1) A step of preparing a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, and a dispersion medium. (2) A step of applying the positive electrode mixture slurry onto the positive electrode core material 30, and drying and compressing the coating film to form the positive electrode mixture layer 31.
- a procedure for improving the dispersibility of the binder is added in the preparation process of the positive electrode mixture slurry. By improving the dispersibility of the binder, the amount of aggregation can be reduced to 2.2% or less.
- Methods for improving the dispersibility of the binder include a method of increasing the amount of solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry to lower the solid content concentration, and a method of heating the positive electrode mixture slurry to increase the solubility of the binder.
- the solid content concentration of the positive electrode mixture slurry is preferably 75 mass % or more, more preferably 78 mass % or more, but the solid content concentration may be lowered to less than 75 mass % to improve the dispersibility of the binder.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry is generally handled at room temperature (25°C), it may be heated to about 40°C to 70°C.
- a binder solution may be prepared by previously dissolving at least part of the binder in a dispersion medium, and the binder solution may be mixed with the slurry precursor containing the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the dispersion medium.
- the slurry precursor may contain a binder, and part of the binder may be added in the form of a binder solution. 30% by mass or more, preferably 40% by mass or more of the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 is preferably added in the form of a binder solution. According to this method, it is possible to improve the dispersibility of the binder without lowering the solid content concentration of the positive electrode mixture slurry and without heating the slurry.
- the total amount of binder may be provided in the form of a binder solution.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode core material 40 and a negative electrode mixture layer 41 formed on the negative electrode core material 40 .
- a foil of a metal such as copper or a copper alloy that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12, a film having the metal on the surface layer, or the like can be used.
- An example of the negative electrode core material 40 is a copper or copper alloy foil with a thickness of 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains a negative electrode active material and a binder, and is preferably formed on both sides of the negative electrode core material 40 .
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is, for example, 30 to 150 ⁇ m on one side of the negative electrode core material 40 .
- the negative electrode 12 can be produced by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, etc. onto the negative electrode core material 40, drying the coating film, and then compressing it to form the negative electrode mixture layers 41 on both sides of the negative electrode core material 40.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains, as a negative electrode active material, for example, a carbon-based active material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions.
- a carbon-based active material for example, a carbon-based active material that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions.
- Suitable carbon-based active materials are graphite such as natural graphite such as flake graphite, massive graphite and earthy graphite, artificial graphite such as massive artificial graphite (MAG) and graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB).
- a Si-based active material composed of at least one of Si and a Si-containing compound may be used as the negative electrode active material, or a carbon-based active material and a Si-based active material may be used in combination.
- the binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 41 fluorine-containing resins such as PTFE and PVdF, PAN, polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and the like can be used. Further, the negative electrode mixture layer 41 may contain CMC or its salt, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or its salt, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or the like.
- the content of the binder is, for example, 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material.
- a conductive agent such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, CNT, or the like may be added to the negative electrode mixture layer 41 .
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used for the separator 13 .
- porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and non-woven fabrics.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, cellulose, and the like are suitable.
- the separator 13 may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.
- a resin layer having high heat resistance such as aramid resin may be formed on the surface of the separator 13 .
- a filler layer containing an inorganic filler may be formed at the interface between the separator 13 and at least one of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 .
- inorganic fillers include oxides containing metal elements such as Ti, Al, Si, and Mg, and phosphoric acid compounds.
- the filler layer can be formed by applying slurry containing the filler to the surfaces of the positive electrode 11 , the negative electrode 12 , or the separator 13 .
- a non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt.
- non-aqueous solvents examples include esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, and mixed solvents of two or more thereof.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product obtained by substituting at least part of the hydrogen atoms of these solvents with halogen atoms such as fluorine.
- halogen-substituted compounds include fluorinated cyclic carbonates such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), fluorinated chain carbonates, and fluorinated chain carboxylates such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylates
- esters examples include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, and methylisopropyl carbonate;
- chain carboxylic acid esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP), and ethyl propionate.
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methylfuran, 1,8-cineol, cyclic ethers such as crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, and diisopropyl ether.
- Ether dibutyl ether, dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxytoluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, o-dimethoxybenzene, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, 1,1-dimethoxymethane, 1,1-diethoxyethane, triethylene glycol dimethyl Chain ethers such as ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether can be mentioned.
- the electrolyte salt is a lithium salt.
- LiPF 6 is preferable.
- concentration of the lithium salt is, for
- a binder solution was prepared by adding 19 parts by mass of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to 1 part by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- a lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide represented by LiNi 0.91 Co 0.04 Al 0.05 O 2 was used as a positive electrode active material. 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material, 0.7 parts by mass of acetylene black (AB), 0.25 parts by mass of PVdF, and 5 parts by mass of the binder solution were mixed, and NMP was added and kneaded at 25 ° C. to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry with a solid content concentration of 79% by mass. Next, both sides of a positive electrode core material made of aluminum foil with a thickness of 15 ⁇ m were coated with the same amount of the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- This electrode plate was cut into a predetermined electrode size to prepare a positive electrode in which positive electrode mixture layers were formed on both sides of a positive electrode core material.
- the amount of slurry applied was adjusted so that the density of the positive electrode mixture layer was 3.6 g/cc.
- a negative electrode active material As a negative electrode active material, a mixture of 94 parts by mass of graphite powder and 6 parts by mass of a Si-containing compound represented by SiO x was used. A negative electrode active material, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and a dispersion of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were mixed at a solid content mass ratio of 100:0.7:0.6, and an appropriate amount of water was added as a dispersion medium to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry. Next, the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both sides of a negative electrode core material made of copper foil, and after drying the coating film, an electrode plate was rolled using a roll press. This electrode plate was cut into a predetermined electrode size to prepare a negative electrode in which negative electrode mixture layers were formed on both sides of a negative electrode core material.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- Ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were mixed in a volume ratio of 3:3:4 (25°C). LiPF 6 was dissolved in this mixed solvent to a concentration of 1.2 mol/L to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- An aluminum lead was attached to the positive electrode, a nickel lead was attached to the negative electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode were spirally wound via a polyethylene separator having a thickness of 13.5 ⁇ m to prepare a wound electrode assembly.
- the electrode body was housed in a bottomed cylindrical outer can with an outer diameter of 21 mm and a height of 70 mm, and the positive electrode lead was welded to the inner terminal plate of the sealant on the bottom inner surface of the outer can for the negative electrode lead.
- Example 2 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that in fabricating the positive electrode, the coating amount of the positive electrode mixture layer was increased to change the thickness of the electrode plate to 150 ⁇ m. The density of the positive electrode material mixture layer was adjusted to 3.6 g/cc (the same applies to subsequent experimental examples).
- Example 3 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the thickness of the electrode plate was changed to 180 ⁇ m in the production of the positive electrode.
- Example 4 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 3, except that 0.25 parts by mass of PVdF was not added and 10 parts by mass of the binder solution was added in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- Example 5 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that 0.5 parts by mass of PVdF was added in place of the binder solution in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- Example 6 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 3, except that 0.4 parts by mass of carbon nanotubes (CNT) was added instead of AB in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry, and 0.3 parts by mass of PVdF and 4 parts by mass of a binder solution were added as binders.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- Example 7 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 6, except that 0.2 parts by mass of PVdF and 6 parts by mass of a binder solution were added as binders in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- Example 8 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 6, except that 0.3 parts by mass of PVdF was not added in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry, and 10 parts by mass of the binder solution was added.
- Example 9 A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 6, except that 0.5 parts by mass of PVdF was added in place of the binder solution in the preparation of the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the battery capacity and cycle characteristics were evaluated by the following methods. Further, by image analysis of the backscattered electron image of the cross section of the mixture layer using the image processing software "ImageJ" (analysis conditions and the like are as described above), the ratio of the area of the aggregate of the binder and the conductive agent to the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode mixture layer (aggregation amount) was determined.
- each of the batteries of Examples 1 to 4 has a capacity equal to or greater than that of the battery of Experimental Example 5, a high capacity retention rate, and excellent cycle characteristics.
- the capacity is increased by increasing the thickness of the positive electrode, it should be noted that even if the capacity is increased, the same or better cycle characteristics are ensured.
- both high capacity and excellent cycle characteristics are achieved.
- the battery of Experimental Example 4 in which the ratio of the aggregated binder and the conductive agent in the positive electrode mixture layer was particularly small, it is considered that the transport path of lithium ions is sufficiently secured, and a more remarkable improvement effect was obtained.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 positive electrode 12 negative electrode 13 separator 14 electrode body 16 outer can 17 sealing body 18, 19 insulating plate 20 positive electrode lead 21 negative electrode lead 22 grooved portion 23 internal terminal plate 24 lower valve body 25 insulating member 26 upper valve body 27 cap 28 gasket 30 positive electrode core material 31 positive electrode mixture layer 4 0 negative electrode core material, 41 negative electrode mixture layer
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Abstract
Description
底部内面に溶接等で接続され、外装缶16が負極端子となる。
正極11は、正極芯材30と、正極芯材30上に形成された正極合剤層31とを有する。正極芯材30には、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金などの正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極芯材30の一例は、厚みが10~20μmのアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金の箔である。正極合剤層31は、正極活物質と、バインダーと、導電剤とを含み、正極合剤層31の断面の画像解析により求められる凝集状態のバインダーおよび導電剤の面積の割合が、当該断面の面積の2.2%以下である。
いる。リチウム金属複合酸化物は、Liの他に、Co、Mn、Ni、Al等の金属元素を含有する複合酸化物である。リチウム金属複合酸化物を構成する金属元素は、例えばMg、Al、Ca、Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、Ge、Y、Zr、Sn、Sb、W、Pb、およびBiから選択される少なくとも1種である。中でも、Co、Ni、およびMnから選択される少なくとも1種を含有することが好ましい。好適な複合酸化物の一例としては、Ni、Co、Mnを含有するリチウム金属複合酸化物、Ni、Co、Alを含有するリチウム金属複合酸化物が挙げられる。
(2)正極合剤スラリーを正極芯材30上に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧縮して正極合剤層31を形成するステップ
正極11の製造工程では、例えば、正極合剤スラリーの調製工程において、バインダーの分散性を向上させるための手順が追加される。バインダーの分散性を向上させることにより、上記凝集量を2.2%以下に低減することができる。
負極12は、負極芯材40と、負極芯材40上に形成された負極合剤層41とを有する。負極芯材40には、銅、銅合金などの負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極芯材40の一例は、厚みが5~15μmの銅又は銅合金の箔である。負極合剤層41は、負極活物質およびバインダーを含み、負極芯材40の両面に形成されることが好ましい。負極合剤層41の厚みは、例えば、負極芯材40の片側で30~150μmである。負極12は、負極芯材40上に負極活物質、バインダー等を含む負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合剤層41を負極芯材40の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13には、イオン透過性および絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ13の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ13は、単層構造であってもよく、複層構造を有していてもよい。また、セパレータ13の表面には、アラミド樹脂等の耐熱性の高い樹脂層が形成されていてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、およびこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
[バインダー溶液の作製]
1質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)に、19質量部のN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を加えて、バインダー溶液を作製した。
正極活物質として、LiNi0.91Co0.04Al0.05O2で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物を用いた。100質量部の正極活物質と、0.7質量部のアセチレンブラック(AB)と、0.25質量部のPVdFと、5質量部の上記バインダー溶液とを混合して、さらにNMPを適用加えて25℃で混錬し、固形分濃度が79質量%の正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、厚みが15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる正極芯材の両面に、正極合剤スラリーを同じ塗布量で塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、ロールプレスを用いて極板の厚みが140μmになるように圧延した。この極板を所定の電極サイズに切り取って、正極芯材の両面に正極合剤層が形成された正極を作製した。なお、正極合剤層の密度が3.6g/ccとなるようにスラリーの塗布量を調整した。
負極活物質として、94質量部の黒鉛粉末と、6質量部のSiOxで表されるSi含有化合物との混合物を用いた。負極活物質と、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)のディスパージョンとを、100:0.7:0.6の固形分質量比で混合し、分散媒として水を適量加えて、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、当該負極合剤スラリーを銅箔からなる負極芯材の両面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥した後、ロールプレスを用いて極板を圧延した。この極板を所定の電極サイズに切り取って、負極芯材の両面に負極合剤層が形成された負極を作製した。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)、メチルエチルカーボネート(MEC)、およびジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を、3:3:4の体積比(25℃)で混合した。この混合溶媒にLiPF6を1.2mol/Lの濃度となるように溶解させて非水電解液を調製した。
上記正極にアルミニウム製リードを、上記負極にニッケル製リードをそれぞれ取り付け、厚みが13.5μmのポリエチレン製のセパレータを介して正極および負極を渦巻き状に巻回することにより、巻回型の電極体を作製した。当該電極体を、外径21mm、高さ70mmの有底円筒形状の外装缶に収容し、負極リードの外装缶の底部内面に、正極リードを封口体の内部端子板にそれぞれ溶接した。その後、外装缶に上記非水電解質を注入し、外装缶の開口縁部を封口体にかしめ固定して、定格容量が5Ahの円筒形の非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極の作製において、正極合剤層の塗布量を増やして極板の厚みを150μmに変更し
たこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。なお、正極合剤層の密度を3.6g/ccに調整した(以降の実験例についても同様)。
正極の作製において、極板の厚みを180μmに変更したこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極合剤スラリーの調製において、0.25質量部のPVdFを加えず、10質量部のバインダー溶液を加えたこと以外は、実験例3と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極合剤スラリーの調製において、バインダー溶液を加えず、0.5質量部のPVdFを加えたこと以外は、実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極合剤スラリーの調製において、ABに代えてカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)を0.4質量部加え、バインダーとして、0.3質量部のPVdFと4質量部のバインダー溶液を加えたこと以外は、実験例3と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極合剤スラリーの調製において、バインダーとして、0.2質量部のPVdFと6質量部のバインダー溶液を加えたこと以外は、実験例6と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極合剤スラリーの調製において、0.3質量部のPVdFを加えず、10質量部のバインダー溶液を加えたこと以外は、実験例6と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
正極合剤スラリーの調製において、バインダー溶液を加えず、0.5質量部のPVdFを加えたこと以外は、実験例6と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
各実験例の電池について、25℃の温度環境下、2500mAの電流値で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行った後、4.2Vで60分間、定電圧充電を行った。その後、1000mAの電流値で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電し、放電容量(mAh)を測定した。測定値を表1および表2に示す。表1および表2に示す値は、実験例5の電池の容量を100としたときの相対値である。
各実験例の電池について、25℃の温度環境下、3500mAの電流値で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電を行った後、4.2Vで60分間、定電圧充電を行った。その後、5000mAの電流値で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで定電流放電した。この充放電を500サイクル行い、下記式により容量維持率を算出した。算出した容量維持率を表1および表2に示す。
容量維持率=(500サイクル目の放電容量/1サイクル目の放電容量)×100
Claims (5)
- 正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極は、芯材と、前記芯材上に形成された合剤層とを有し、
前記合剤層は、正極活物質と、バインダーと、導電剤とを含み、前記合剤層の断面の画像解析により求められる凝集状態の前記バインダーおよび前記導電剤の面積の割合が、当該断面の面積の2.2%以下である、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記正極の厚みは、150μm以上である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記バインダーおよび前記導電剤の総含有量は、前記合剤層の質量の1.5質量%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記導電剤は、カーボンナノチューブである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 正極と、負極と、非水電解質とを備え、前記正極は、芯材と、前記芯材上に形成された合剤層とを有する非水電解質二次電池の製造方法であって、
正極活物質、バインダー、導電剤、および分散媒を含む正極合剤スラリーを調製するステップと、
前記正極合剤スラリーを前記芯材上に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧縮して前記合剤層を形成するステップと、
を含み、
前記正極合剤スラリーの調製において、前記バインダーの少なくとも一部を前記分散媒に予め溶解したバインダー溶液を作製し、当該バインダー溶液を、前記正極活物質、前記導電剤、および前記分散媒を含むスラリー前駆体に混合する、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。
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| JP2011238494A (ja) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電池と電池用電極およびその製造方法 |
| JP2015215947A (ja) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-12-03 | 株式会社カネカ | 非水電解質二次電池用電極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
| CN106207092A (zh) * | 2016-09-20 | 2016-12-07 | 广东国光电子有限公司 | 一种导电剂组合型锂离子电池正极极片及其制作方法 |
| KR20180055406A (ko) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-25 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 슬러리의 제조방법 |
| JP2018174134A (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-11-08 | 東レ株式会社 | 二次電池用電極およびその製造方法 |
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| WO2024181043A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-09-06 | パナソニックエナジー株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2023140163A1 (ja) | 2023-07-27 |
| US20250105258A1 (en) | 2025-03-27 |
| EP4468389A4 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
| CN118525381A (zh) | 2024-08-20 |
| EP4468389A1 (en) | 2024-11-27 |
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