WO2023017763A1 - 車両用空調システムおよび車両用空調方法 - Google Patents
車両用空調システムおよび車両用空調方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023017763A1 WO2023017763A1 PCT/JP2022/029777 JP2022029777W WO2023017763A1 WO 2023017763 A1 WO2023017763 A1 WO 2023017763A1 JP 2022029777 W JP2022029777 W JP 2022029777W WO 2023017763 A1 WO2023017763 A1 WO 2023017763A1
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- heat
- medium
- temperature
- vehicle
- heat exchanger
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/3211—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency of a vehicle refrigeration cycle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
- B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3236—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained
- B60H2001/3255—Cooling devices information from a variable is obtained related to temperature
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an air conditioning system installed in a vehicle, which includes a refrigerant circuit and a heat medium circuit, and an air conditioning method using the system.
- the vehicle heat management device described in Patent Document 1 is capable of outside air heat absorption heating operation and exhaust heat absorption heating operation, and includes a heat medium cooler, a heat medium outside air heat exchanger, and a ventilation heat recovery heat exchanger.
- the heat medium cooler cools the low-temperature medium by exchanging heat with the low-pressure side refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle.
- the heat medium outside air heat exchanger absorbs heat from the outside air to the low temperature medium by exchanging heat between the low temperature medium cooled by the heat medium cooler and the outside air.
- the ventilation heat recovery heat exchanger absorbs heat from the inside air to the low temperature medium by exchanging heat between the low temperature medium cooled by the heat medium cooler and the inside air. This ventilation heat recovery heat exchanger recovers the heat that is wasted when the passenger compartment is ventilated.
- the vehicle heat management device of Patent Document 1 does not simply switch between the outside air heat absorption heating operation and the exhaust heat absorption heating operation, but in order to use them together according to the situation, a heat absorption adjustment means such as a switching valve or a blower is provided. I have.
- the operation of the heat absorption amount adjustment means is controlled by the control means so that the heat absorption amount of the low temperature medium in the heat medium outside air heat exchanger increases or decreases according to the increase or decrease in the heat absorption amount of the low temperature medium in the ventilation heat recovery heat exchanger. .
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle air-conditioning system and a vehicle air-conditioning method capable of improving heating performance while recovering exhaust heat from in-vehicle equipment.
- the on-vehicle equipment that generates heat is The amount of heat recovered in the hot medium or cold medium can be transferred to the refrigeration cycle.
- the low pressure of the refrigeration cycle is increased by recovering the exhaust heat from the in-vehicle equipment to the low-temperature medium, and the low-temperature medium after exhaust heat recovery is increased.
- the heat is supplied to the evaporator and the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger, and heat-absorbing operation is performed in which the low-temperature medium absorbs heat from the outside air in the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger.
- the temperature of the low-temperature medium supplied to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger rises above the outside air temperature due to an increase in the amount of exhaust heat recovered to the low-temperature medium due to an increase in the temperature of the vehicle-mounted equipment, for example, the low-temperature medium radiates heat to the outside air, the effect of improving heating performance due to waste heat recovery is reduced.
- an air conditioning system for a vehicle which includes a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant circulates according to a refrigeration cycle, a high-temperature medium circuit in which a heat medium that absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit circulates, and A heat medium circuit including a low-temperature medium circuit in which a heat medium that dissipates heat to the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit circulates, an internal heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the heat medium and air, and an external heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the heat medium and outside air.
- a heat exchanger configured to allow heat transfer between the vehicle-mounted device and the heat medium, and a switching unit configured to switch the flow of the heat medium.
- the air conditioning system supplies the heat medium of the high-temperature medium circuit to the heat exchanger inside the vehicle, and recovers the exhaust heat from the on-vehicle equipment to the heat medium of the low-temperature medium circuit.
- the exhaust heat recovery heating mode the heat medium recovered and radiated to the refrigerant is supplied to the outside heat exchanger.
- an exhaust heat main heat source heating mode for recovering the exhaust heat from the equipment and bypassing the heat medium, which has recovered the exhaust heat and radiated the heat to the refrigerant, from the outside heat exchanger.
- the present disclosure is an air conditioning method using an air conditioning system for a vehicle, wherein the air conditioning system includes a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant circulates according to a refrigeration cycle, a high-temperature medium circuit in which a heat medium that absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit circulates, and a heat medium circuit including a low-temperature medium circuit in which a heat medium that dissipates heat to the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit circulates; an in-vehicle heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the heat medium and air; and a heat exchange between the heat medium and outside air.
- the air conditioning system includes a refrigerant circuit in which a refrigerant circulates according to a refrigeration cycle, a high-temperature medium circuit in which a heat medium that absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit circulates, and a heat medium circuit including a low-temperature medium circuit in which a heat medium that dissipates heat
- the heat medium of the low-temperature medium circuit recovers the exhaust heat from the vehicle equipment.
- the second condition relates to the temperature of the outside air heat-exchanged in the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger and the temperature of the heat medium in the low-temperature medium circuit that radiates heat to the refrigerant after recovering the exhaust heat from the vehicle-mounted equipment. If the two conditions are satisfied, the heat medium in the low-temperature medium circuit recovers the exhaust heat from the in-vehicle equipment, and the heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat is bypassed from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger.
- the vehicle air-conditioning system and the vehicle air-conditioning method according to the present disclosure it is possible to improve the heating performance by using the exhaust heat recovered from the in-vehicle equipment to the heat medium by the exhaust heat recovery circuit. Even if the temperature of the in-vehicle equipment is lower than the heating target temperature, by recovering the exhaust heat of the in-vehicle equipment in the low-temperature medium, the pressure on the low-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit is increased, increasing the amount of refrigerant circulating. The power consumption can be suppressed and the heating performance can be improved.
- the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode in which the low-temperature medium is bypassed from the outside heat exchanger. According to the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode, the exhaust heat recovered in the low-temperature medium is used as the main heat source while reliably avoiding heat radiation from the low-temperature medium to the outside air without performing controls such as suppressing the air volume in the heat exchanger outside the vehicle.
- Heating operation can be performed as According to this exhaust heat main heat source heating mode, under conditions where the temperature of the low-temperature medium is higher than the outside air temperature, the heat amount of the exhaust heat recovered from the in-vehicle equipment can be carried to the refrigerant circuit without being discarded to the outside air. Performance can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a vehicle air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. An example of each path of the cold medium and the hot medium in the cooling mode is shown. It is a figure which shows an example of each path
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a vehicle air-conditioning system according to a modification of the present disclosure; An example of each path of a low-temperature medium and a high-temperature medium in the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode is shown.
- a vehicle air conditioning system 1 shown in FIG. 1 is installed in a vehicle (not shown) such as an electric vehicle.
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1 is responsible for air conditioning such as heating, cooling, dehumidification, and ventilation of a passenger compartment 2, as well as heat management, exhaust heat recovery, and the like for in-vehicle equipment 5 mounted on the vehicle.
- the vehicle equipped with the vehicle air conditioning system 1 is not limited to an electric vehicle, and may be a vehicle equipped with an engine.
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1 includes, as main components, a refrigerant circuit 10 in which a refrigerant circulates according to a refrigeration cycle, a heat medium circuit 20 in which a heat medium that transfers heat to and from the refrigerant circulates, and one or more heat exchangers. Heat can be exchanged between the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 including the exchangers 31 and 32, the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 including one or more heat exchangers, the in-vehicle device 5, and the heat medium.
- the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50, the switching unit 6 configured to be able to switch the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit 20, and the vehicle air conditioning system 1 are set to a predetermined operation mode and operated. and a control device 7 for controlling the operation of the switching unit 6 according to the mode.
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1 has a plurality of operation modes (FIGS. 1 to 6) selected by the passenger or by the control device 7.
- FIG. 1 shows the cooling mode M1.
- the vehicle air-conditioning system 1 can use exhaust heat from the vehicle-mounted device 5 as at least part of the heat source for heating.
- the operation mode required for the vehicle air conditioning system 1 varies depending on the region where the vehicle is used.
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1 may not have the cooling mode M1.
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1 may have operation modes other than the modes M1 to M6 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, respectively.
- the refrigerant circuit 10 includes a compressor 11 for compressing the refrigerant, a condenser 12 as an endothermic heat exchanger, an expansion valve 13 as a decompression unit for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant that has passed through the compressor 11 and the condenser 12, and an evaporator 14 as a heat exchanger for heat radiation.
- a compressor 11 , a condenser 12 , an expansion valve 13 , an evaporator 14 , and refrigerant pipes connecting these elements are installed outside the compartment 2 .
- a known suitable single refrigerant or mixed refrigerant can be used as the refrigerant.
- HFC Hydrofluoro Carbon
- HFO Hydrocarbon
- propane and isobutane or carbon dioxide as refrigerants
- the condenser 12 causes the refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 11 to exchange heat with the heat medium, thereby absorbing heat from the refrigerant to the heat medium.
- the evaporator 14 heat-exchanges the refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve 13 with the heat medium, thereby dissipating heat from the heat medium to the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant evaporated by the evaporator 14 and changed into a gas phase is sucked into the compressor 11 .
- the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant circuit 10 due to the difference between the refrigerant pressure in the condenser 12 and the refrigerant pressure in the evaporator 14 .
- the heat medium circuit 20 transfers a heat medium that transfers heat to and from the heat source (condenser 12) and cold heat source (evaporator 14) formed by the refrigerant circuit 10 to the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 and the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40. transport.
- the heat medium can be used for air conditioning of the passenger compartment 2 , heat management such as heating and cooling of the onboard equipment 5 , and recovery of exhaust heat from the onboard equipment 5 .
- the in-vehicle device 5 is, for example, a power source including a drive source such as an electric motor, a drive circuit unit, and a battery.
- the heat medium is a liquid such as water or brine that maintains a liquid phase state and circulates in the heat medium circuit 20 . Examples of brine include a mixture of water and propylene glycol or a mixture of water and ethylene glycol.
- a relatively high-temperature heat medium (high-temperature medium) and a relatively low-temperature heat medium (low-temperature medium) circulate in the heat medium circuit 20, respectively. Regardless of the mode of operation, the hot medium absorbs heat from the refrigerant in condenser 12 and the cold medium releases heat to the refrigerant in evaporator 14 .
- the flow of the cold medium is indicated by solid line arrows and the flow of the hot medium is indicated by dashed line arrows.
- the heat medium circuit 20 paths through which the heat medium does not flow are indicated by dashed lines.
- the hot medium circulates through a predetermined path on the heat medium circuit 20 corresponding to the operation mode, for example, as indicated by the dashed-dotted arrows in FIG.
- the low-temperature medium circulates through paths in the heat medium circuit 20 according to the operation mode, as indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 1, for example.
- the heat medium circuit 20 is divided into a low temperature medium circuit 21 in which the low temperature medium circulates and a high temperature medium circuit 22 in which the high temperature medium circulates, by a switching unit 6 that switches the flow of the heat medium.
- 1 to 6 show A to D on the heat medium circuit 20.
- Hot medium is pumped through hot medium circuit 22 by pump 22 P upstream of condenser 12 .
- the cryogenic medium is pumped through the cryogenic medium circuit 21 by a pump 21 P upstream of the evaporator 14 .
- the heat medium circuit 20 that stably conveys the heat medium that does not change phase in the operating temperature range by the pumps 21P and 22P is used together with the refrigerant circuit 10. As a result, it is possible to ensure the heating capacity at low outside temperatures.
- the low-temperature medium circulates between the evaporator 14 and the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 through the piping of the heat medium circuit 20 to cool the vehicle interior 2, which is the heat load. be done.
- the high-temperature medium circulates between the condenser 12 and the outside heat exchanger 40 through the piping of the heat medium circuit 20 .
- the high-temperature medium circulates between the condenser 12 and the vehicle interior heat exchanger 30 to heat the vehicle interior 2.
- the low-temperature medium circulates between the evaporator 14 and the outside heat exchanger 40 except for the operation mode M4 shown in FIG.
- the heat medium circuit 20 supplies a high-temperature medium to at least one of the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 and the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 in any operation mode, and Cryogenic medium is supplied to at least one of
- the vehicle-inside heat exchanger 30 is provided inside the console, wall, or the like of the passenger compartment 2 and exchanges heat between the supplied low-temperature medium or high-temperature medium and the air inside the passenger compartment 2 .
- the vehicle-inside heat exchanger 30 includes a blower 33 (air blower), a duct 34 through which air sent by the blower 33 flows, a damper 35 whose opening degree can be adjusted, and an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) unit 3. constitutes
- the vehicle-inside heat exchanger 30 of this embodiment includes a first heat exchanger 31 and a second heat exchanger 32 that can be connected in series or in parallel with respect to the flow of the heat medium.
- An intermediate valve 60 as part of the switching unit 6 is provided between the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 .
- By opening and closing the intermediate valve 60 the connection state of the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 regarding the flow of the heat medium is changed to a series connection (FIGS. 1 to 3) and a parallel connection (FIGS. 4 to 6). You can switch.
- the low temperature medium is supplied to one of the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32, and the high temperature medium is supplied to the other. media can be supplied.
- the intermediate valve 60 is closed.
- the second heat exchanger 32 When the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 are connected in series, the second heat exchanger 32 is positioned upstream of the heat medium flow, and the first heat exchanger 31 is positioned upstream of the heat medium flow. located downstream of When connected in series, the heat medium flowing out of the second heat exchanger 32 flows into the first heat exchanger 31 through the open intermediate valve 60 .
- the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 are arranged in series with respect to the flow of air sent through the duct 34 by the blower 33 .
- the first heat exchanger 31 is arranged on the windward side of the wind from the blower 33
- the second heat exchanger 32 is arranged on the leeward side of the wind from the blower 33 . Therefore, when the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 are connected in series with respect to the flow of the heat medium, the air flow that sequentially flows through the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 , and the flow of the heat medium sequentially flowing through the second heat exchanger 32 and the first heat exchanger 31 form a counterflow. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently perform heat exchange while maintaining a sufficient temperature difference between the air and the heat medium throughout the heat exchange process by the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 .
- the damper 35 is a movable member that moves inside the duct 34 by being driven by a drive section (not shown).
- a drive unit (not shown) drives the damper 35 based on a control command issued from the control device 7 .
- By operating the damper 35 it is possible to set an arbitrary degree of opening, for example, from the fully open state shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 to the fully closed state shown in FIG.
- the air that has passed through the first heat exchanger 31 flows into the second heat exchanger 32 at a ratio according to the opening of the damper 35 .
- the temperature of the air blown out from the HVAC unit 3 is changed by adjusting the opening degree of the damper 35 to change the ratio of the flow rate of the air introduced into the second heat exchanger 32 to the total flow rate of the air that has passed through the first heat exchanger 31. can be adjusted to the target temperature of the passenger compartment 2 .
- the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 exchanges heat between air (outside air) taken in from the outside of the vehicle compartment 2 and a low-temperature medium or a high-temperature medium.
- the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 corresponds to, for example, a radiator arranged near the air inlet of the vehicle.
- a vehicle-exterior heat exchanger unit 4 is composed of the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 and the blower 43 . As the vehicle travels and the blower 43 operates, outside air is supplied to the outside heat exchanger 40 and discharged outside the vehicle.
- the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 may be composed of two heat exchangers, similar to the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 .
- two heat exchangers can be arranged in series with respect to the flow through the blower 43 and can be switchably connected in series or parallel connection with respect to the heat medium flow.
- a valve similar to the intermediate valve 60 is provided between the two heat exchangers connected in series with respect to the heat medium flow.
- the outside heat exchanger 40 radiates heat to the outside air from the high-temperature medium whose temperature is higher than that of the outside air, and in the heating modes shown in FIGS. , the cold medium, which has a lower temperature than the outside air, absorbs heat from the outside air.
- the heating mode shown in FIG. 4 is prepared on the assumption that the temperature of the low-temperature medium is higher than the outside air temperature due to recovery of exhaust heat from the in-vehicle device 5 to the low-temperature medium.
- the low-temperature medium is bypassed from the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 40 as described later in the heating mode (exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4).
- this exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4 starts from a state in which the inside of the vehicle interior 2 is lowered to the outside temperature, and the normal heating operation mode (low-temperature medium in the exterior heat exchanger 20, heat exchanger 30 and In this mode, the inside of the passenger compartment 2 can be heated up to a predetermined temperature more quickly than in the high temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M2) in which the high temperature medium is supplied to the in-vehicle device 5 .
- the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 is provided upstream of the condenser 12 and upstream of the evaporator 14 in the flow of the heat medium, and recovers the heat emitted from the on-vehicle device 5 such as a battery into the heat medium and recovers the refrigerant. It is configured so that it can be passed to the circuit 10 . Exhaust heat recovered from the in-vehicle device 5 by the heat medium is used as at least a part of the heat source during heating of the electric vehicle, which tends to lack a heat source, to heat the interior of the passenger compartment 2, which is a heat load. Further, since the vehicle-mounted device 5 operates stably within a predetermined temperature range, the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 is used to adjust the temperature of the vehicle-mounted device 5 to an appropriate temperature.
- the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 includes a heat exchange path 51 that thermally couples one of a high-temperature medium and a low-temperature medium to the vehicle-mounted device 5 such as a battery, and a high-temperature bypass path 52 that bypasses the high-temperature medium from the vehicle-mounted device 5. and a low-temperature side detour path 53 for detouring the low-temperature medium from the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 is provided with valves 54 to 57 used for switching between heat exchange between the vehicle-mounted device 5 and the heat medium and for adjusting the amount of heat exchange. Valves 54 to 57 correspond to a part of switching section 6 .
- One of the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature medium flowing through the heat exchange path 51 exchanges heat with the vehicle-mounted device 5 according to the temperature of exhaust heat from the vehicle-mounted device 5 , the target temperature of the passenger compartment 2 , the outside air temperature, and the like.
- the vehicle-mounted device 5 and the heat medium do not exchange heat.
- the valves 54 to 57 can be operated so that the low-temperature medium flowing through the heat exchange path 51 cools the vehicle-mounted device 5 in the cooling mode.
- the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 operates based on the relationship between the temperature of the onboard equipment 5 detected by the onboard equipment temperature sensor 93 and the heating target temperature set by the passenger or the control device 7. , the high-temperature medium or the low-temperature medium can recover the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the high-temperature medium or the low-temperature medium can recover the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the high-temperature medium or the low-temperature medium can recover the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the high-temperature medium or the low-temperature medium can recover the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the high-temperature medium or the low-temperature medium can recover the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the high-temperature medium or the low-temperature medium can recover the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the high-temperature medium or the low-temperature medium can recover the waste heat of the vehicle-mounted device 5 .
- the valves 54 to 57 are operated to heat the high-temperature medium and the low-temperature medium. It is preferable to be configured to be able to distribute to the exchange route 51 and the detour routes 52 and 53 respectively. For example, by opening the valve 56 in the high temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M2 shown in FIG. By opening the valve 57 in other modes, it is also possible to distribute the low temperature medium to the heat exchange path 51 and the low temperature bypass path 53 .
- the valve 56 In order to moderately change the temperature of the in-vehicle device 5, for example, after a predetermined time has elapsed with the high-temperature medium distributed to the heat exchange path 51 and the high-temperature bypass path 52, the valve 56 is closed and the heat exchange path 51 is closed.
- the high-temperature medium may flow only through the .
- the in-vehicle device 5 When the temperature of the in-vehicle device 5 is lower than the temperature of the low-temperature medium due to the influence of the outside air temperature, exhaust heat from the in-vehicle device 5 cannot be recovered by the heat medium. In this case, the in-vehicle device 5 can be heated by supplying a low-temperature medium or a high-temperature medium to the heat exchange path 51 .
- the switching unit 6 includes downstream valves 61 to 63 positioned downstream with respect to the condenser 12 and the evaporator 14, upstream valves 64 to 66 positioned upstream with respect to the same reference, a first heat exchanger 31, and a second heat exchanger.
- An intermediate valve 60 used for switching between parallel connection and series connection of the exchanger 32, and the above-described valves 54 used for switching whether exhaust heat is recovered from the in-vehicle device 5 and for adjusting the amount of exhaust heat recovery. 57.
- Downstream valves 61-63 and upstream valves 64-66 are configured to be able to set paths including at least one of vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 and vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 for each of the low-temperature medium and the high-temperature medium.
- Valves 60 to 66 and 54 to 57 are all electromagnetic valves and are opened and closed according to control commands issued from control device 7 .
- Intermediate valve 60, downstream valve 61 and downstream valve 62 are three-way valves, and downstream valve 63 is a four-way valve.
- Upstream valve 64 and upstream valve 65 are three-way valves, and upstream valve 66 is a four-way valve.
- Valves 54 and 55 of exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 are three-way valves, and valves 56 and 57 are two-way valves. The port of each valve is selectively opened and closed according to the operation mode, and the heat medium flows through the heat medium circuit 20 according to the flow path set inside the valve.
- the downstream valves 61-63 are positioned downstream in the heat medium circuit 20 with respect to the condenser 12 and the evaporator 14.
- the upstream valves 64-66 are located upstream in the heat medium circuit 20 with respect to the condenser 12 and the evaporator 14.
- the low-temperature medium (indicated by the solid line) that has radiated heat to the refrigerant in the evaporator 14 flows out from the evaporator 14 to the downstream pipe 801, and according to the opening/closing state of the respective ports of the downstream valve 62 and the downstream valve 63, the pipe 802 and the pipe 803 are discharged. and supplied to the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 .
- the low-temperature medium that has sequentially flowed through the second heat exchanger 32 and the first heat exchanger 31 and flowed out to the pipe 804 flows through the pipes 805 and 806 and the low-temperature side bypass path 53 according to the open/closed states of the upstream valves 66 and 65 and the valve 57. It flows sequentially and returns to the evaporator 14 .
- the high-temperature medium (indicated by the dashed line) that absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the condenser 12 flows out from the condenser 12 into the downstream pipe 811, flows through the downstream valve 61, the pipe 812, and the pipe 813 in sequence, and is heat-exchanged outside the vehicle.
- the heat is radiated to the outside air.
- the high-temperature medium that has flowed out of the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 to the pipe 814 flows through the pipes 815 and 816 and the high-temperature side detour 52 in order according to the opening/closing states of the upstream valves 65 and 64 and the valve 56, and returns to the condenser 12. .
- valves forming the switching unit 6 of the present embodiment and the settings of the paths of the low-temperature medium and the high-temperature medium in each operation mode according to them are merely examples.
- a switching section having an appropriate configuration can be employed.
- the control device 7 sets the vehicle air conditioning system 1 to a predetermined operating mode, and is configured to be able to control the operation of the switching unit 6 according to the operating mode.
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1 of the present embodiment has five modes M2 to M6 for heating. as at least part of the heat source.
- the control device 7 controls the vehicle air conditioning system 1 to perform predetermined heating modes, including dehumidifying and heating, based on the temperature conditions of the temperature of the in-vehicle device 5 , the heating target temperature, and the outside air temperature.
- set the operating mode of the The operation mode setting by the control device 7 includes, for example, an outside air temperature sensor 91 that detects the temperature of the outside air that exchanges heat with the heat medium in the outside heat exchanger 40, and A heat medium temperature sensor 92 that detects the temperature of the heat medium and an onboard device temperature sensor 93 that detects the temperature of the onboard device 5 are used.
- the heat medium temperature sensor 92 does not necessarily have to be installed at the outlet through which the heat medium flows out from the evaporator 14, and may be installed at the inlet through which the heat medium flows into the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 40.
- a heat medium temperature sensor 92 may be installed between the heat medium outlet of the evaporator 14 and the heat medium inlet of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 40 .
- step S01 An example of mode selection by the control device 7 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the control device 7 selects the high temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M2 and the low temperature side exhaust heat recovery mode M2 based on the temperature conditions (steps S02 and S03).
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1 is set to an operation mode that is alternatively selected from the heating mode M3 and the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4.
- the control device 7 controls the operation of the switching unit 6 to set the paths shown in FIG. 2 for each of the low temperature medium and the high temperature medium, for example.
- exhaust heat from the in-vehicle device 5 is exhausted by the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 while performing a heat absorption operation in which the low-temperature medium absorbs heat from the outside air and the high-temperature medium is transferred to the heat load. is collected in a hot medium. Therefore, the high-temperature medium that absorbs heat from the in-vehicle device 5 by flowing through the heat exchange path 51 and further absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the condenser 12 is supplied to the in-vehicle heat exchanger 30 and is transferred to the refrigerant in the evaporator 14.
- the low-temperature medium that has dissipated heat is supplied to the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 .
- the temperature of the high-temperature medium is maintained around the heating target temperature T0 by the control during the heating operation.
- the temperature TB of the vehicle-mounted device 5 is higher than the heating target temperature T0 (Yes in step S02)
- the temperature TB of the vehicle-mounted device 5 becomes higher than the temperature of the high-temperature heat medium. Therefore, the high temperature medium absorbs heat from the in-vehicle device 5 while the high temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M2 is selected.
- the control device 7 adjusts the evaporator to the outside temperature T 1 detected by the outside temperature sensor 91. It is determined whether the temperature T2 of the cryogenic medium at the outlet of 14 is low. As a result of this determination, if the temperature T2 of the low-temperature medium at the outlet of the evaporator 14 is lower than the outside air temperature T1 (Yes in step S03), the low-temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M3 is selected.
- the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4 is selected.
- the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4 is selected by the control device 7 when both the following first and second conditions are satisfied.
- First condition the temperature T B of the in-vehicle device 5 is lower than the set heating target temperature T0 .
- one or more threshold values can be used to select an appropriate mode.
- a threshold t1-1 corresponding to the heating target temperature T0 or lower than the heating target temperature T0 and a threshold t1-1 higher than both the heating target temperature T0 and the threshold t1-1 2 shall be set. Then, for example, when the temperature T B of the vehicle-mounted device 5 falls relative to the heating target temperature T 0 and becomes equal to or lower than the threshold value t1-1, the first condition is satisfied, and the temperature T B rises to the threshold value t1.
- the control device 7 can determine whether or not the first condition is met, such that the first condition is deviated if -2 or more is reached. In this case, it is considered that the first condition is established while the temperature T B of the vehicle-mounted device 5 is between the threshold values t1-1 and t1-2.
- the threshold t2-1 corresponding to the outside temperature T1 or higher than the outside temperature T1 and the threshold t2-1 lower than both the outside temperature T1 and the threshold t2-1 2 shall be set. Then, for example, if the temperature T2 of the low-temperature medium rises relative to the outside air temperature T1 and becomes equal to or higher than the threshold value t2-1, the second condition is satisfied, and the temperature T2 drops to reach the threshold value t2-2.
- the control device 7 can determine whether or not the second condition is fulfilled, such as deviating from the second condition if the following conditions are satisfied. In this case, it is considered that the second condition is satisfied while the temperature T2 of the low-temperature medium is between the threshold values t2-1 and t2-2.
- the exhaust heat recovery heating mode M3 is switched to the low temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode.
- the operation mode is switched to the main heat source heating mode M4.
- the temperature T2 of the low-temperature medium is still higher than the outside air temperature T1 even if the low-temperature medium that has absorbed heat from the vehicle-mounted device 5 is radiated to the refrigerant by the evaporator 14 .
- T 1 >T 2 as in the low-temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M3, heat can be absorbed from the outside air to the low-temperature medium with a heat exchange efficiency corresponding to the temperature difference between T 1 and T 2 . If the temperature difference is reversed such that T 1 ⁇ T 2 , heat is radiated from the low temperature medium to the outside air. If the heat is radiated to the outside air, part of the heat quantity of the exhaust heat recovered from the in-vehicle device 5 cannot be passed to the refrigerating cycle by the refrigerant circuit 10 and is thrown out of the refrigerating cycle. In other words, exhaust heat from the in-vehicle device 5 is not fully utilized.
- exhaust heat is recovered to the low temperature medium in the same manner as in the low temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M3.
- the low-temperature medium is circulated through the low-temperature medium circuit 21 while bypassing the heat exchanger 40 outside the vehicle.
- heat absorption operation from the outside air is not performed, so the heating operation is performed using exhaust heat from the vehicle-mounted device 5 as the main heat source.
- the blower 43 may be stopped because the heat medium does not flow through the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 .
- the low-temperature medium is bypassed from the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40, and the valve 57 is used to adjust the flow rate distribution ratio between the heat exchange path 51 and the low-temperature side bypass path 53. may reduce the amount of waste heat recovered from the in-vehicle device 5 to the low-temperature medium.
- the path of the low-temperature medium bypassed from the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 is set to the second heat exchanger 32 of the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 .
- the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 comprising a plurality of heat exchangers 31 and 32, the heat exchangers 31 and 32 are connected in parallel, and the high-temperature medium used for heating is used as part of the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 for heat exchange.
- the remaining heat exchanger 32 (or 31) can be used as a flow path for inflowing the low-temperature medium bypassed from the heat exchanger 40 outside the vehicle while supplying the low-temperature medium to the device 31 (or 32). Therefore, it is not necessary to add a route to the heat medium circuit 20 for bypassing the low temperature medium.
- pipes 808 and 809 that are not used in series connection are used.
- a pipe 808 connects the downstream valve 63 and the first heat exchanger 31 .
- a pipe 809 connects the intermediate valve 60 and the upstream valve 66 .
- the pipe 810 connecting the intermediate valve 60 and the first heat exchanger 31 is not used.
- the heat exchanger into which the cold medium flows is preferably a simple flow path without heat exchange with air.
- the low-temperature medium is supplied to the second heat exchanger 32 on the leeward side, and the damper 35 is operated by the control device 7 so that the second heat exchanger 32 on the leeward side
- the air inflow to the second heat exchanger 32 may be blocked by covering the entire air inflow portion of the second heat exchanger 32 with a damper 35 .
- the damper 35 does not completely cover the air inflow part of the second heat exchanger 32, and part of the air that has passed through the first heat exchanger 31 is transferred to the second heat exchanger 32. allowed to flow into
- the damper 35 does not necessarily have to regulate the inflow of the air into the second heat exchanger 32 .
- Inflow of air into the second heat exchanger 32 may be restricted by operating the damper 35 accordingly.
- the dehumidifying and heating modes M5 and M6 (FIGS. 5 and 6), heating is performed while reducing the humidity in the passenger compartment 2 in order to prevent the window glass of the vehicle from fogging up due to exhalation of the occupant.
- the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 of the HVAC unit 3 are connected in parallel, and the cold medium is supplied to the first heat exchanger 31 on the windward side.
- the high-temperature medium is supplied to the second heat exchanger 32 on the leeward side. This is opposite in temperature to the heat medium supplied to the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 in the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4.
- the heat absorption operation from the outside air to the low-temperature medium is performed, so the low-temperature medium is distributed to the outside heat exchanger 40 and the second heat exchanger 32 and supplied.
- a low-temperature medium is supplied to the first heat exchanger 31 on the windward side, and a high-temperature medium is supplied to the second heat exchanger 32 on the leeward side. After reducing the amount of water vapor in the air by removing heat from the second heat exchanger 32, the air is heated with a high-temperature medium to obtain conditioned air.
- the heating target temperature T0 is compared with the temperature TB of the in-vehicle device 5 (step S04).
- the temperature T B detected by the in-vehicle device temperature sensor 93 is higher than the heating target temperature T 0 (Yes in step S04)
- dehumidifying heating exhaust heat recovery performs dehumidifying heating while recovering exhaust heat to a high temperature medium.
- Mode M5 is selected. At this time, the high temperature medium is supplied to the heat exchange path 51 of the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 as in the high temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M2.
- step S04 When the temperature T B of the in-vehicle device 5 is lower than the heating target temperature T 0 (No in step S04), dehumidification heating is performed without recovering exhaust heat to either the high temperature medium or the low temperature medium. Mode M6 is selected. At this time, the high temperature medium flows through the high temperature side bypass path 52 and the low temperature medium flows through the low temperature side bypass path 53 .
- the heating performance can be improved by using the exhaust heat recovered from the in-vehicle device 5 in addition to the outside air as a heat source during heating.
- the exhaust heat of the in-vehicle device 5 can be recovered in the high temperature medium (high temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M2 and dehumidification In the heating exhaust heat recovery mode M5), even if the temperature T B of the onboard equipment 5 is lower than the heating target temperature T0 , the exhaust heat of the onboard equipment 5 can be recovered to the low temperature medium (low temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M3).
- the temperature of the refrigerant on the low-pressure side in the refrigerant circuit 10 rises, and the pressure of the refrigerant on the low-pressure side increases accordingly.
- the density of the refrigerant absorbed by the compressor 11 increases and the amount of refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit 10 increases, so the power consumption of the compressor 11 can be suppressed and the heating performance can be improved.
- the heat absorption operation from the outside air is performed (modes M2, M3, M5, M6), and the increase in the amount of heat generated from the in-vehicle device 5 is detected. If the temperature T2 of the low-temperature medium is higher than the outside air temperature T1 , the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4, in which the low-temperature medium is bypassed from the outside heat exchanger 40, is selected. Therefore, without controlling the air volume by the blower 43 of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 40, while surely avoiding heat radiation from the low temperature medium to the outside air, the exhaust heat recovered in the low temperature medium is used as the main heat source for heating operation. It can be performed.
- the low-temperature medium is bypassed from the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40, thereby avoiding heat radiation to the outside air and efficiently utilizing the exhaust heat while performing efficient heating operation. can be realized. Therefore, even when the temperature T2 of the heat medium at the outlet of the evaporator is higher than the outside air temperature T1 , it is not necessary to control the low pressure in the refrigerant circuit 10 by the electronic expansion valve according to the amount of waste heat recovery. Since 13 is a thermal expansion valve, the device cost can be reduced.
- some heat exchangers (32) among the plurality of heat exchangers provided in the HVAC unit 3 are used as the detour destination of the low-temperature medium in the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4.
- the circuit structure connecting the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 in parallel, supplying the low temperature medium to one side and supplying the high temperature medium to the other side, has a dehumidifying heating mode. Since it is normally included in the vehicle air conditioning system 1 , there is no need to add new pipes, valves, or the like to the vehicle air conditioning system 1 in detouring the low-temperature medium to the second heat exchanger 32 .
- the damper 35 that is provided in the HVAC unit 3 and adjusts the blowing temperature of the air to the passenger compartment 2 can cut off the draft to the second heat exchanger 32 to which the low-temperature medium is supplied. It can be avoided that the cold medium is heat-exchanged with the air in the second heat exchanger 32 . Then, the low-temperature medium bypassed to the second heat exchanger 32 without passing through the outside heat exchanger 40 is not heat-exchanged with the air. Heating performance can be improved by carrying exhaust heat recovered from the in-vehicle device 5 to the low-temperature medium to the evaporator 14 while obtaining air.
- a vehicle air-conditioning system 1-1 shown in FIG. 8 is different from the vehicle air-conditioning system 1 of the above embodiment in that a bypass passage 820 for bypassing the low-temperature medium from the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 and valves 67 and 68 are added. It is.
- the vehicle air-conditioning system 1-1 is configured in the same manner as the vehicle air-conditioning system 1 of the above embodiment, and operates similarly in each of the operation modes M2, M3, M5 and M6.
- FIG. 8 shows the flow of the heat medium in the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4-1 of the vehicle air conditioning system 1-1.
- the first heat exchanger 31 and the second heat exchanger 32 are connected in series as in the low temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M3. Therefore, the air sent by the blower 33 undergoes heat exchange with the high-temperature medium flowing through the second heat exchanger 32 and the first heat exchanger 31 and is blown out into the vehicle interior 2 .
- the blowing temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the damper 35 .
- the low-temperature medium is detoured from the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 to perform heating even when only a single heat exchanger is provided as the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30. Performance can be improved.
- the low-temperature medium when the first condition and the second condition are satisfied, it is preferable to completely bypass the low-temperature medium from the vehicle-exterior heat exchanger 40 .
- the heat dissipation of the low-temperature medium to the outside air can be suppressed to improve the heating performance. It is allowed because it can be done.
- the low-temperature medium is distributed and supplied to the outside heat exchanger 40 and the first heat exchanger 31, as in the dehumidifying and heating modes M5 and M6.
- the success or failure of the first condition used for mode selection by the control device 7 is not necessarily determined using the temperature TB of the vehicle-mounted device 5 and the heating target temperature T0 . It can be determined using an appropriate threshold or the like related to a physical quantity such as pressure.
- the success or failure of the second condition is not necessarily determined using the outside air temperature T1 and the temperature T2 of the heat medium. can be determined using a threshold or the like.
- physical quantities such as the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant can be used as arbitrary indices that can be referred to prevent heat radiation to the outside air.
- the vehicle air conditioning system 1, 1-1 includes a refrigerant circuit 10 in which refrigerant circulates according to a refrigeration cycle, a high-temperature medium circuit 22 in which a heat medium that absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 circulates, and a refrigerant circuit.
- a heat medium circuit 20 including a low-temperature medium circuit 21 in which a heat medium that dissipates heat to a refrigerant circulates, a vehicle interior heat exchanger 30 that exchanges heat between the heat medium and air, and an exterior heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the heat medium and outside air.
- the air-conditioning systems 1 and 1-1 supply the heat medium of the high-temperature medium circuit to the vehicle interior heat exchanger 30 as the operation mode of the air-conditioning system, and the heat medium of the low-temperature medium circuit 21 is supplied with exhaust heat from the vehicle-mounted equipment 5.
- Exhaust heat recovery heating mode M3 in which exhaust heat is recovered and the heat medium radiated to the refrigerant while recovering is supplied to the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 40, and the heat medium of the high temperature medium circuit is supplied to the vehicle interior heat exchanger 30.
- the exhaust heat main heat source heating mode M4 recovers the exhaust heat from the in-vehicle device 5 to the heat medium of the low-temperature medium circuit, and bypasses the heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat and radiates it to the refrigerant from the outside heat exchanger 40. And prepare.
- the air conditioning system 1 includes an outside air temperature sensor 91 that detects the outside air temperature, an outlet of the evaporator 14 that releases heat from the heat medium to the refrigerant, an inlet of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 40, or an outlet and inlet.
- a heat medium temperature sensor 92 that detects the temperature of the heat medium therebetween, and a control device 7 that controls the operation of the switching unit 6 according to the operation mode.
- the controller 7 uses the outside air temperature T 1 detected by the outside air temperature sensor 91 and the temperature T 2 detected by the heat medium temperature sensor 92 to select the exhaust heat main heat source heating modes M4 and M4-1.
- the vehicle-interior heat exchanger 30 includes a first heat exchanger 31 and a second heat exchanger 32 arranged in series with respect to the air flow by the blower (33).
- the heat medium of the high-temperature medium circuit 22 is supplied to the first heat exchanger 31 on the windward side, and the heat medium that has collected exhaust heat and radiated heat to the refrigerant is supplied to the second heat exchanger on the leeward side. It feeds into the heat exchanger 32 .
- the air-conditioning system 1 includes a damper 35 configured to change the inflow amount of air passing through the first heat exchanger 31 and flowing into the second heat exchanger 32 .
- the damper 35 is operated to restrict the inflow of air into the second heat exchanger 32 .
- the air conditioning system 1, 1-1 supplies the heat medium of the low-temperature medium circuit 21 to the first heat exchanger 31 and supplies the heat medium of the high-temperature medium circuit 22 to the second heat exchanger 32 as the operation mode.
- Dehumidification heating modes M5 and M6 are provided.
- the exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 includes a heat exchange path 51 that thermally couples the heat medium of one of the high-temperature medium circuit 22 and the low-temperature medium circuit 21 to the in-vehicle device 5, and the heat medium of the high-temperature medium circuit 22.
- a high-temperature side bypass path 52 that bypasses the vehicle-mounted device 5 and a low-temperature side bypass path 53 that bypasses the heat medium of the low-temperature medium circuit 21 from the vehicle-mounted device 5 are provided.
- the heat medium can be distributed to the heat exchange path 51 and the detour path 52 (or to 51 and 53).
- the air conditioning systems 1 and 1-1 operate in an operation mode in which the heat medium in the high-temperature medium circuit 22 recovers the exhaust heat from the in-vehicle device 5, and the heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat and absorbs heat from the refrigerant is supplied to the inside of the vehicle.
- a high-temperature side exhaust heat recovery heating mode M2 is provided in which the heat medium of the low-temperature medium circuit 21 is supplied to the heat exchanger 30 and to the heat exchanger 40 outside the vehicle.
- An air-conditioning method using an air-conditioning system for a vehicle wherein the air-conditioning system 1, 1-1 includes a refrigerant circuit 10 in which refrigerant circulates according to a refrigeration cycle, and a heat medium that absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 circulates.
- a heat medium circuit 20 including a high temperature medium circuit 22 and a low temperature medium circuit 21 in which a heat medium that dissipates heat to the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 10 circulates, a vehicle interior heat exchanger 30 that exchanges heat between the heat medium and air, An exterior heat exchanger 40 for exchanging heat between the heat medium and the outside air, an exhaust heat recovery circuit 50 configured to allow heat to be exchanged between the in-vehicle device 5 and the heat medium, and the flow of the heat medium.
- the second condition holds that the temperature of the heat medium in the low-temperature medium circuit 21 that radiates heat to the refrigerant after recovering the exhaust heat from the in-vehicle device 5 is higher than that of the outside air, the low-temperature medium circuit 21 While recovering the exhaust heat from the in-vehicle equipment 5 to the heat medium of , the heat medium that recovers the exhaust heat is bypassed from the outside heat exchanger 40 .
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、車載機器からの排熱を回収しつつ暖房性能を向上させることが可能な車両用空調システムおよび車両用空調方法を提供することを目的とする。
ここで、車載機器の温度が車内暖房目標温度に対して低い場合に、車載機器からの排熱を低温媒体に回収することで冷凍サイクルの低圧を増加させつつ、排熱回収後の低温媒体を蒸発器および車外側熱交換器に供給し、車外側熱交換器において外気から低温媒体に吸熱させる吸熱運転を行うものとする。この場合において、例えば車載機器の温度上昇による低温媒体への排熱回収量の増加により、車外側熱交換器に供給される低温媒体の温度が外気温以上に上昇したとするならば、低温媒体が外気へと放熱する分、排熱回収による暖房性能改善効果が低下してしまう。それを防ぐため、車外側熱交換器における風量を制限しようとしても、当該風量は車両の走行速度に応じて変化するので、低温媒体から外気への放熱を風量の制限により防ぐことは難しい。
当該空調方法は、車載機器の温度が、空調システムに設定されている暖房目標温度に対して低い第1条件が成立する場合には、低温媒体回路の熱媒体に車載機器からの排熱を回収し、第1条件に加え、車外側熱交換器において互いに熱交換される外気の温度と、車載機器からの排熱の回収後に冷媒へと放熱した低温媒体回路の熱媒体の温度とに係る第2条件が成立するならば、低温媒体回路の熱媒体に車載機器からの排熱を回収しつつ、排熱を回収した熱媒体を車外側熱交換器から迂回させる。
車載機器の温度が暖房目標温度に対して低いとしても、低温媒体に車載機器の排熱を回収することにより、冷媒回路における低圧側の圧力を増加させて冷媒循環量を増加させ、圧縮機による消費電力を抑えて暖房性能を改善させることができる。
ここで、外気温に対して低温媒体の温度が低い場合は、外気からの吸熱運転を行い、車載機器からの発熱量が増加したこと等を理由として外気温に対して低温媒体の温度が高い場合は、低温媒体を車外側熱交換器から迂回させる排熱主熱源暖房モードを選択することができる。排熱主熱源暖房モードによれば、車外側熱交換器における風量を抑える等の制御を行うことなく、低温媒体から外気への放熱を確実に避けながら、低温媒体に回収した排熱を主熱源として暖房運転を行うことができる。
この排熱主熱源暖房モードによれば、外気温に対して低温媒体温度が高い条件において、車載機器から回収した排熱の熱量を外気へと捨てることなく冷媒回路に運ぶことができるので、暖房性能を改善することができる。
(全体構成)
図1に示す車両用空調システム1は、図示しない車両、例えば電気自動車等に装備されている。車両用空調システム1は、乗員が搭乗する車室2の冷暖房、除湿、換気等の空調の他、車両に搭載された車載機器5の熱管理、排熱回収等を担う。
なお、車両用空調システム1が装備される車両は、電気自動車に限られるものではなく、エンジンが搭載された車両であってもよい。
冷媒回路10は、冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機11と、吸熱用熱交換器としての凝縮器12と、圧縮機11および凝縮器12を経た冷媒の圧力を減少させる減圧部としての膨張弁13と、放熱用熱交換器としての蒸発器14とを備えている。
圧縮機11、凝縮器12、膨張弁13、蒸発器14、およびそれらの要素を接続する冷媒配管は、車室2の外に設置されている。
熱媒体回路20は、冷媒回路10がなす熱源(凝縮器12)および冷熱源(蒸発器14)に対して熱を授受する熱媒体を車内側熱交換器30および車外側熱交換器40へと搬送する。熱媒体は、車室2の空調の他、車載機器5の加温、冷却等の熱管理や、車載機器5からの排熱の回収に用いることができる。車載機器5は、例えば、電動機等の駆動源、駆動回路部、およびバッテリを含む電源装置等である。
熱媒体は、液相の状態を維持して熱媒体回路20を循環する水やブライン等の液体である。ブラインとしては、例えば、水およびプロピレングリコールの混合液、あるいは、水およびエチレングリコールの混合液を例示することができる。
高温媒体は、例えば図1に一点鎖線の矢印で示すように、運転モードに対応する熱媒体回路20上の所定の経路を循環する。低温媒体は、例えば図1に実線の矢印で示すように、運転モードに応じた熱媒体回路20上の経路を循環する。
一方、図2~図6に示す運転モードM2~M6においては、高温媒体が、凝縮器12と車内側熱交換器30との間を循環し、車室2内の暖房に供される。このとき、低温媒体が、図4に示す運転モードM4を除いては、蒸発器14と車外側熱交換器40との間を循環する。
車内側熱交換器30は、車室2のコンソールや壁等の内側に設けられ、供給される低温媒体あるいは高温媒体と、車室2内の空気とを熱交換させる。
車内側熱交換器30は、ブロワ33(送風機)と、ブロワ33により送られる空気が流れるダクト34と、開度調整が可能なダンパ35等と共に、HVAC(Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)ユニット3を構成している。
第1熱交換器31および第2熱交換器32の間には、切替部6の一部としての中間バルブ60が設けられている。中間バルブ60の開閉により、熱媒体の流れに関する第1熱交換器31および第2熱交換器32の接続状態を直列接続(図1~図3)と並列接続(図4~図6)とに切り替えることができる。
第1熱交換器31および第2熱交換器32が並列接続されている場合は、第1熱交換器31および第2熱交換器32のうちの一方に低温媒体を供給し、他方には高温媒体を供給することができる。このとき中間バルブ60は閉じられている。
ダンパ35の動作により、例えば、図1~図3に示す全開の状態から図4に示す全閉の状態までの任意の開度を設定することができる。第1熱交換器31を通過した空気は、ダンパ35の開度に応じた比率で第2熱交換器32に流入する。
ダンパ35の開度調整により、第1熱交換器31を通過した空気の流量全体に対する第2熱交換器32への導入流量の比率を変化させることで、HVACユニット3から吹き出される空気の温度を車室2の目標温度に調整することができる。
車外側熱交換器40は、車室2の外部から取り込まれる空気(外気)と、低温媒体あるいは高温媒体とを熱交換させる。車外側熱交換器40は、例えば、車両の空気導入口の付近に配置されるラジエータに相当する。車外側熱交換器40およびブロワ43から車外側熱交換器ユニット4が構成されている。
車両の走行およびブロワ43の動作により車外側熱交換器40に外気が供給され、車外へと排出される。
図4に示す暖房のモードは、車載機器5から低温媒体への排熱の回収により低温媒体の温度が外気温よりも高いことを想定して用意されている。低温媒体から外気への放熱を避けるため、かかる暖房モード(排熱主熱源暖房モードM4)においては、後述するように低温媒体を車外側熱交換器40から迂回させる。なお、この排熱主熱源暖房モードM4は、車室2内が外気温まで低下している状態から、通常の暖房運転モード(車外側熱交換器20に低温媒体、車内側熱交換器30および車載機器5に高温媒体を供給する高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2)よりも早く車室2内を所定の温度まで上昇させることが可能なモードでもある。
排熱回収回路50は、熱媒体の流れにおいて、凝縮器12の上流でかつ蒸発器14の上流に設けられており、バッテリ等である車載機器5から発せられる熱を熱媒体に回収して冷媒回路10に渡すことが可能に構成されている。車載機器5から熱媒体に回収された排熱は、熱源の不足しがちな電気自動車の暖房時における熱源の少なくとも一部として、熱負荷である車室2内の暖房に供される。
また、車載機器5は、所定の温度範囲において安定して動作するから、排熱回収回路50は、車載機器5を適温に調整するために用いられる。
排熱回収回路50には、車載機器5と熱媒体との熱交換する/しないの切り替え、および熱交換量の調整に用いられるバルブ54~57が設けられている。バルブ54~57は、切替部6の一部に相当する。
高温媒体および低温媒体のいずれも熱交換経路51を流れず、迂回経路52,53をそれぞれ流れるとき、車載機器5と熱媒体とは熱を授受しない。例えば、図1に示す冷房モードM1においては、高温媒体および低温媒体のいずれも、それぞれの迂回経路52,53を通じて車載機器5から迂回しているので、車載機器5と熱媒体回路20との間で熱が授受されない。
但し、この例には限らず、冷房モードにおいて、熱交換経路51を流れる低温媒体により車載機器5が冷却されるようにバルブ54~57を動作させることができる。
例えば、暖房目標温度に対して車載機器5の温度が高い場合には、高温媒体を熱交換経路51に供給することで、車載機器5からの排熱が高温媒体に回収されて暖房に供される。これは、図2に示す高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2および図5に示す除湿暖房排熱回収モードM5に該当する。このとき、例えば、高温側迂回経路52に設けられているバルブ56は閉じており、高温媒体は熱交換経路51のみを流れる。なお、図2~図5において、閉じた状態のバルブ56またはバルブ57を黒色で塗り潰して示す。
例えば、図2に示す高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2においてバルブ56を開くことにより、熱交換経路51と高温側迂回経路52とに高温媒体を分配させることができる。他のモードにおいてバルブ57を開くことにより、熱交換経路51と低温側迂回経路53とに低温媒体を分配させることも可能である。
車載機器5の温度を緩やかに変化させるため、例えば、熱交換経路51と高温側迂回経路52とに高温媒体を分配させた状態で所定時間が経過した後、バルブ56を閉じて熱交換経路51のみに高温媒体が流れるようにしてもよい。
切替部6は、凝縮器12および蒸発器14を基準として下流に位置する下流バルブ61~63と、同じ基準で上流に位置する上流バルブ64~66と、第1熱交換器31および第2熱交換器32の並列接続と直列接続との切り替えに用いられる中間バルブ60と、車載機器5からの排熱回収をする/しないの切り替え、および排熱回収量の調整に用いられる上述のバルブ54~57とを備えている。
下流バルブ61~63および上流バルブ64~66は、低温媒体と高温媒体とのそれぞれに対し、車内側熱交換器30および車外側熱交換器40の少なくとも一方を含む経路を設定可能に構成されている。
中間バルブ60、下流バルブ61および下流バルブ62は三方弁であり、下流バルブ63は四方弁である。上流バルブ64および上流バルブ65は三方弁であり、上流バルブ66は四方弁である。また、排熱回収回路50のバルブ54,55は三方弁であり、バルブ56,57は二方弁である。
運転モードに応じて各バルブのポートが選択的に開閉され、バルブの内部に設定された流路に従い、熱媒体が熱媒体回路20を流れる。
蒸発器14において冷媒へ放熱した低温媒体(実線で示す)は、蒸発器14から下流の配管801に流出し、下流バルブ62および下流バルブ63のそれぞれのポートの開閉状態に従い、配管802および配管803を順次流れ、車内側熱交換器30へと供給される。第2熱交換器32および第1熱交換器31を順次流れて配管804に流出した低温媒体は、上流バルブ66,65およびバルブ57の開閉状態に従い、配管805,806および低温側迂回経路53を順次流れて蒸発器14へと戻る。
制御装置7は、車両用空調システム1を所定の運転モードに設定し、運転モードに応じて切替部6の動作を制御可能に構成されている。
本実施形態の車両用空調システム1は、冷房モードM1の他、暖房を行う5つのモードM2~M6を備えており、モードM6を除き、モードM2~M5においては、車載機器5からの排熱を熱源の少なくとも一部として利用する。
制御装置7による運転モードの設定には、例えば、車外側熱交換器40において熱媒体と熱交換される外気の温度を検知する外気温センサ91と、蒸発器14から熱媒体が流出する出口における熱媒体の温度を検知する熱媒体温度センサ92と、車載機器5の温度を検知する車載機器温度センサ93とが用いられる。
図7を参照し、制御装置7によるモード選択の一例を説明する。
制御装置7は、除湿を行わない通常の暖房時にあっては(ステップS01でNo)、温度条件(ステップS02およびステップS03)に基づいて、高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2、低温側排熱回収暖房モードM3、および排熱主熱源暖房モードM4のうちから択一的に選択される運転モードを車両用空調システム1に設定する。
暖房運転時の制御により、高温媒体の温度は暖房目標温度T0周辺に維持されることとなる。車載機器5の温度TBが暖房目標温度T0よりも高い場合は(上述のステップS02でYes)、車載機器5の温度TBの方が高温熱媒体の温度よりも高くなる。そのため、高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2が選択される間に亘り、高温媒体は車載機器5から吸熱する。
この判定の結果、外気温T1に対して蒸発器14の出口における低温媒体の温度T2が低い場合には(ステップS03でYes)、低温側排熱回収暖房モードM3が選択される。
換言すると、排熱主熱源暖房モードM4は、下記の第1条件および第2条件が共に成立する場合に、制御装置7により選択される。
第1条件:車載機器5の温度TBが、設定されている暖房目標温度T0に対して低い。
第2条件:蒸発器14の出口における低温媒体の温度T2が、外気温T1に対して高い。
例えば、第1条件として、暖房目標温度T0に相当する或いは暖房目標温度T0よりも低い閾値t1-1と、暖房目標温度T0および閾値t1-1のいずれに対しても高い閾値t1-2とを設定するものとする。そして、例えば、暖房目標温度T0に対して相対的に車載機器5の温度TBが下降して閾値t1-1以下となれば第1条件が成立し、温度TBが上昇して閾値t1-2以上となれば第1条件から逸脱する、というように制御装置7により第1条件の成否を判定することができる。この場合は、車載機器5の温度TBが閾値t1-1と閾値t1-2との間の温度である間に亘り、第1条件が成立しているものと扱われる。
排熱主熱源暖房モードM4においては、車外側熱交換器40を熱媒体が流れないため、ブロワ43を停止させてもよい。
例えば、図4に示すように、ダンパ35により第2熱交換器32の空気流入部の全域を覆うことで、第2熱交換器32への空気の流入を遮断するとよい。
ここで、暖房目標温度によっては、ダンパ35により第2熱交換器32の空気流入部を完全には覆わないで、第1熱交換器31を通過した空気の一部を第2熱交換器32に流入させることが許容される。
除湿暖房のモードM5,M6においては、HVACユニット3の第1熱交換器31と第2熱交換器32とを並列に接続するとともに、風上側の第1熱交換器31には低温媒体を供給し、風下側の第2熱交換器32には高温媒体を供給する。これは、排熱主熱源暖房モードM4において第1熱交換器31および第2熱交換器32にそれぞれ供給される熱媒体に対して温度の高低が逆である。
除湿暖房のモードM5,M6においても外気から低温媒体への吸熱運転が行われるから、低温媒体は、車外側熱交換器40と、第2熱交換器32とに分配して供給される。
暖房目標温度T0に対して車載機器温度センサ93により検知される温度TBが高い場合には(ステップS04でYes)、高温媒体に排熱を回収しつつ除湿暖房を行う除湿暖房排熱回収モードM5が選択される。このとき、高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2と同様に、排熱回収回路50の熱交換経路51に高温媒体が供給される。
以上で説明した本実施形態の車両用空調システム1およびそれを用いる車両用空調方法によれば、それぞれ同一の構造の冷媒回路10および熱媒体回路20を用いつつ、熱源や熱負荷の変化に応じて高温媒体および低温媒体のそれぞれの流れを適宜に設定することが可能であるため、多様な運転モードM1~M6を実現することができる。
ここで、車載機器5の温度TBが暖房目標温度T0に対して高い場合には、高温媒体に車載機器5の排熱を回収することができ(高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2および除湿暖房排熱回収モードM5)、車載機器5の温度TBが暖房目標温度T0に対して低いとしても、低温媒体に車載機器5の排熱を回収することができる(低温側排熱回収暖房モードM3)。低温媒体への排熱回収により、冷媒回路10における低圧側の冷媒の温度が上昇し、それに伴い低圧側の冷媒の圧力が増加する。そうすると、圧縮機11に吸収される冷媒の密度が増加することで冷媒回路10の冷媒循環量が増加するから、圧縮機11による消費電力を抑えて暖房性能を改善させることができる。
なお、車両の走行が車外側熱交換器40における風量に影響するため、車外側熱交換器40における風量を制限したとしても、低温媒体から外気への放熱を必ずしも避けることはできない。
排熱主熱源暖房モードM4によれば、外気温T1に対して低温媒体温度T2が高い条件において、車載機器5から回収した排熱の熱量を外気へと捨てることなく冷媒回路10に運んで暖房性能を改善することができる。
上記以外にも、上記実施形態で挙げた構成を取捨選択したり、他の構成に適宜変更したりすることが可能である。
他の運転モードにおいては、バルブ67が開かれ、バルブ68が閉じられているので、車外側熱交換器40を熱媒体が流れる。
但し、低温媒体の一部を車外側熱交換器40から迂回させ、残部を車外側熱交換器40に供給することによっても、低温媒体の外気への放熱を抑えて暖房性能の改善を図ることができるから許容される。その場合は、除湿暖房のモードM5,M6と同様に、車外側熱交換器40と第1熱交換器31とに低温媒体が分配して供給される。
第2条件の成否も、必ずしも外気温T1および熱媒体の温度T2を用いて定められるものには限らず、例えば、車載機器5の温度、冷媒や熱媒体の圧力等の物理量に係る適宜な閾値等を用いて定めることができる。外気への放熱を防ぐために参照可能な任意の指標として、外気温T1および熱媒体の温度T2に加え、冷媒の温度や圧力等の物理量を用いることができる。
以上で説明した車両用空調システムおよび車両用空調方法は、以下のように把握される。
〔1〕車両用の空調システム1,1-1は、冷媒が冷凍サイクルに従って循環する冷媒回路10と、冷媒回路10の冷媒から吸熱する熱媒体が循環する高温媒体回路22、および、冷媒回路の冷媒へと放熱する熱媒体が循環する低温媒体回路21を含む熱媒体回路20と、熱媒体と空気とを熱交換させる車内側熱交換器30と、熱媒体と外気とを熱交換させる車外側熱交換器40と、車載機器5と熱媒体との間で熱を授受させることが可能に構成されている排熱回収回路50と、熱媒体の流れを切り替え可能に構成されている切替部6と、を備える。
空調システム1,1-1は、空調システムの運転モードとして、車内側熱交換器30に高温媒体回路の熱媒体を供給するとともに、低温媒体回路21の熱媒体に車載機器5からの排熱を回収しつつ、排熱を回収し冷媒へと放熱した熱媒体を車外側熱交換器40に供給する排熱回収暖房モードM3と、車内側熱交換器30に高温媒体回路の熱媒体を供給するとともに、低温媒体回路の熱媒体に車載機器5からの排熱を回収しつつ、排熱を回収し冷媒へと放熱した熱媒体を車外側熱交換器40から迂回させる排熱主熱源暖房モードM4と、を備える。
〔2〕空調システム1は、外気の温度を検知する外気温センサ91と、熱媒体から冷媒へと放熱させる蒸発器14の出口、または車外側熱交換器40の入口、あるいは、出口および入口の間で熱媒体の温度を検知する熱媒体温度センサ92と、運転モードに応じて切替部6の動作を制御する制御装置7と、を備える。制御装置7は、外気温センサ91により検知される外気温T1と熱媒体温度センサ92により検知される温度T2とを用いて、排熱主熱源暖房モードM4,M4-1を選択する。
〔3〕車内側熱交換器30は、送風機(33)による空気の流れに関して直列に配置される第1熱交換器31および第2熱交換器32を備える。排熱主熱源暖房モードM4においては、風上側の第1熱交換器31に高温媒体回路22の熱媒体を供給するとともに、排熱を回収し冷媒へと放熱した熱媒体を風下側の第2熱交換器32に供給する。
〔4〕空調システム1は、第1熱交換器31を通過して第2熱交換器32に流入する空気の流入量を変化させることが可能に構成されているダンパ35を備える。排熱主熱源暖房モードM4において、ダンパ35を動作させて第2熱交換器32への空気の流入を規制する。
〔5〕空調システム1,1-1は、運転モードとして、第1熱交換器31に低温媒体回路21の熱媒体を供給するとともに、第2熱交換器32に高温媒体回路22の熱媒体を供給する除湿暖房モードM5,M6を備える。
〔6〕排熱回収回路50は、高温媒体回路22および低温媒体回路21の一方の熱媒体を車載機器5に対して熱的に結合させる熱交換経路51と、高温媒体回路22の熱媒体を車載機器5から迂回させる高温側の迂回経路52と、低温媒体回路21の熱媒体を車載機器5から迂回させる低温側の迂回経路53と、を備える。切替部6の動作により、熱交換経路51と迂回経路52とに(または51と53とに)熱媒体が分配可能に構成されている。
〔7〕空調システム1,1-1は、運転モードとして、高温媒体回路22の熱媒体に車載機器5からの排熱を回収しつつ、排熱を回収し冷媒から吸熱した熱媒体を車内側熱交換器30に供給するとともに、車外側熱交換器40に低温媒体回路21の熱媒体を供給する高温側排熱回収暖房モードM2を備える。
〔8〕車両用の空調システムを用いる空調方法であって、空調システム1,1-1は、冷媒が冷凍サイクルに従って循環する冷媒回路10と、冷媒回路10の冷媒から吸熱する熱媒体が循環する高温媒体回路22、および、冷媒回路10の冷媒へと放熱する熱媒体が循環する低温媒体回路21を含む熱媒体回路20と、熱媒体と空気とを熱交換させる車内側熱交換器30と、熱媒体と外気とを熱交換させる車外側熱交換器40と、車載機器5と熱媒体との間で熱を授受させることが可能に構成されている排熱回収回路50と、熱媒体の流れを切り替え可能に構成されている切替部6と、を備える。
当該空調方法は、車載機器5の温度が、空調システム1,1-1に設定されている暖房目標温度T0に対して低い第1条件が成立する場合には、低温媒体回路21の熱媒体に車載機器5からの排熱を回収する。第1条件に加え、車載機器5からの排熱の回収後に冷媒へと放熱した低温媒体回路21の熱媒体の温度が、外気に対して高い第2条件が成立するならば、低温媒体回路21の熱媒体に車載機器5からの排熱を回収しつつ、排熱を回収した熱媒体を車外側熱交換器40から迂回させる。
2 車室
3 HVACユニット
4 車外側熱交換器ユニット
5 車載機器
6 切替部
7 制御装置
10 冷媒回路
11 圧縮機
12 凝縮器
13 膨張弁
14 蒸発器
20 熱媒体回路
21 低温媒体回路
21P ポンプ
22 高温媒体回路
22P ポンプ
30 車内側熱交換器
31 第1熱交換器
32 第2熱交換器
33 ブロワ(送風機)
34 ダクト
35 ダンパ
36 流路
40 車外側熱交換器
43 ブロワ
50 排熱回収回路
51 熱交換経路
52 高温側迂回経路
53 低温側迂回経路
54~57 バルブ
60 中間バルブ
61~63 下流バルブ
64~66 上流バルブ
67,68 バルブ
91 外気温センサ
92 熱媒体温度センサ
93 車載機器温度センサ
801~816 配管
820 バイパス経路
M1 冷房モード
M2 高温側排熱回収暖房モード
M3 低温側排熱回収暖房モード
M4 排熱主熱源暖房モード
M5 除湿暖房排熱回収モード
M6 除湿暖房モード
S01,S02,S03,S04 ステップ
T0 暖房目標温度
T1 外気温
T2 熱媒体温度
TB 車載機器の温度
Claims (8)
- 車両用の空調システムであって、
冷媒が冷凍サイクルに従って循環する冷媒回路と、
前記冷媒回路の前記冷媒から吸熱する熱媒体が循環する高温媒体回路、および、前記冷媒回路の前記冷媒へと放熱する熱媒体が循環する低温媒体回路を含む熱媒体回路と、
前記熱媒体と空気とを熱交換させる車内側熱交換器と、
前記熱媒体と外気とを熱交換させる車外側熱交換器と、
車載機器と前記熱媒体との間で熱を授受させることが可能に構成されている排熱回収回路と、
前記熱媒体の流れを切り替え可能に構成されている切替部と、を備え、
前記空調システムの運転モードとして、
前記車内側熱交換器に前記高温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を供給するとともに、前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体に前記車載機器からの排熱を回収しつつ、前記排熱を回収し前記冷媒へと放熱した前記熱媒体を前記車外側熱交換器に供給する排熱回収暖房モードと、
前記車内側熱交換器に前記高温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を供給するとともに、前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体に前記車載機器からの排熱を回収しつつ、前記排熱を回収し前記冷媒へと放熱した前記熱媒体を前記車外側熱交換器から迂回させる排熱主熱源暖房モードと、を備える、
車両用空調システム。 - 前記外気の温度を検知する外気温センサと、
前記熱媒体から前記冷媒へと放熱させる蒸発器の出口、または前記車外側熱交換器の入口、あるいは、前記出口および前記入口の間で前記熱媒体の温度を検知する熱媒体温度センサと、
前記運転モードに応じて前記切替部の動作を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、前記外気温センサにより検知される外気温と前記熱媒体温度センサにより検知される温度とを用いて、前記排熱主熱源暖房モードを選択する、
請求項1に記載の車両用空調システム。 - 前記車内側熱交換器は、送風機による前記空気の流れに関して直列に配置される第1熱交換器および第2熱交換器を備え、
前記排熱主熱源暖房モードにおいては、
風上側の前記第1熱交換器に前記高温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を供給するとともに、前記排熱を回収し前記冷媒へと放熱した前記熱媒体を風下側の前記第2熱交換器に供給する、請求項1または2に記載の車両用空調システム。 - 前記第1熱交換器を通過して前記第2熱交換器に流入する前記空気の流入量を変化させることが可能に構成されているダンパを備え、
前記排熱主熱源暖房モードにおいて、前記ダンパを動作させて前記第2熱交換器への前記空気の流入を規制する、
請求項3に記載の車両用空調システム。 - 前記運転モードとして、
前記第1熱交換器に前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を供給するとともに、前記第2熱交換器に前記高温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を供給する除湿暖房モードを備える、
請求項3または4に記載の車両用空調システム。 - 前記排熱回収回路は、
前記高温媒体回路および前記低温媒体回路の一方の前記熱媒体を前記車載機器に対して
熱的に結合させる熱交換経路と、
前記高温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を前記車載機器から迂回させる高温側の迂回経路と、
前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を前記車載機器から迂回させる低温側の迂回経路と、を備え、
前記切替部の動作により、前記熱交換経路と前記迂回経路とに前記熱媒体が分配可能に構成されている、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の車両用空調システム。 - 前記運転モードとして、
前記高温媒体回路の前記熱媒体に前記車載機器からの排熱を回収しつつ、前記排熱を回収し前記冷媒から吸熱した前記熱媒体を前記車内側熱交換器に供給するとともに、前記車外側熱交換器に前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体を供給する高温側排熱回収暖房モードを備える、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の車両用空調システム。 - 車両用の空調システムを用いる空調方法であって、
前記空調システムは、
冷媒が冷凍サイクルに従って循環する冷媒回路と、前記冷媒回路の前記冷媒から吸熱する熱媒体が循環する高温媒体回路、および、前記冷媒回路の前記冷媒へと放熱する熱媒体が循環する低温媒体回路を含む熱媒体回路と、前記熱媒体と空気とを熱交換させる車内側熱交換器と、前記熱媒体と外気とを熱交換させる車外側熱交換器と、車載機器と前記熱媒体との間で熱を授受させることが可能に構成されている排熱回収回路と、前記熱媒体の流れを切り替え可能に構成されている切替部と、を備え、
前記空調方法は、
前記車載機器の温度が、前記空調システムに設定されている暖房目標温度に対して低い第1条件が成立する場合には、前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体に前記車載機器からの排熱を回収し、
前記第1条件に加え、前記車載機器からの排熱の回収後に前記冷媒へと放熱した前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体の温度が、前記外気に対して高い第2条件が成立するならば、前記低温媒体回路の前記熱媒体に前記車載機器からの排熱を回収しつつ、前記排熱を回収した前記熱媒体を前記車外側熱交換器から迂回させる、車両用空調方法。
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| US12472801B2 (en) | 2025-11-18 |
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