WO2023074580A1 - 焼結材、金属焼結体、焼結材の製造方法、接合体の製造方法、及び接合体 - Google Patents
焼結材、金属焼結体、焼結材の製造方法、接合体の製造方法、及び接合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023074580A1 WO2023074580A1 PCT/JP2022/039344 JP2022039344W WO2023074580A1 WO 2023074580 A1 WO2023074580 A1 WO 2023074580A1 JP 2022039344 W JP2022039344 W JP 2022039344W WO 2023074580 A1 WO2023074580 A1 WO 2023074580A1
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/10—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/25—Noble metals, i.e. Ag Au, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru
- B22F2301/255—Silver or gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0466—Alloys based on noble metals
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- H10W72/073—
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- H10W72/07331—
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- H10W72/30—
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- H10W72/352—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered material, a metal sintered compact, a method for producing a sintered material, a method for producing a joined body, and a joined body.
- Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors and gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors are expected to be next-generation power semiconductors.
- SiC silicon carbide
- GaN gallium nitride
- power electronics technology is used for motor control of industrial equipment and railway vehicles; reduction of power conversion loss in hybrid cars and electric vehicles, reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through weight reduction of inverters, etc.; solar and wind power generation, etc. power conversion of new energy; and the like, and these technologies are becoming more dense and efficient.
- Next-generation power semiconductors have the advantage of being able to operate in high-temperature environments such as 250°C or higher. It cannot be used because its melting point is about 250°C and its heat resistance is insufficient.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sintered material that contains copper particles and that allows conductive parts to be joined together by firing in the atmosphere without the need for high-pressure pressurization.
- a sintered material wherein the sintered material contains silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent, and the primary particle diameter of the silver particles is 200 nm or less.
- the sintered material wherein the sintered material has a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more when 50% of the volume of the copper particles is accumulated, as measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- the sintered material according to [1] wherein the sintered material further contains a liquid component that is liquid at room temperature, and the liquid component has either one or both of an ether bond and a hydroxyl group.
- a metal sintered body wherein the metal sintered body has a silver sintered layer, the silver sintered layer contains copper particles, and is measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- the metal sintered body wherein the copper particles have a particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more when 50% of the particles are accumulated on a volume basis, and the copper particles do not have an oxide layer on their surfaces.
- a metal joined body in which metal members are joined by the metal sintered body is subjected to a lateral shear strength test in accordance with JIS C62137-1-2: 2010, the metal joined body The metal sintered body according to [4], which has a lateral shear strength of 20 MPa or more.
- a method for producing a sintered material in which a silver carboxylate having a group represented by the formula "-COOAg", a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent are blended to contain silver preparing a composition; and blending the silver-containing composition and copper particles, based on the volume of the copper particles measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- a method for producing a sintered material wherein the particle size when accumulated 50% of is 1 ⁇ m or more.
- a method for manufacturing a joined body wherein the joined body is configured by joining a conductive first part and a conductive second part via a joint, and the joint is made of metal
- the sintered body is a sintered body
- the manufacturing method is such that the sintered material adhering to the surface of one or both of the first component and the second component is not solidified at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher.
- the primary particle diameter of the silver particles is 200 nm or less, based on the volume of the copper particles measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement
- a bonded body wherein the bonded body is configured by bonding a conductive first part and a conductive second part via a bonding portion, and the bonding portion is a metal sintered body wherein the metal sintered body has a silver sintered layer, the silver sintered layer contains copper particles, and is measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement, based on the volume of the copper particles The particle diameter at the time of 50% accumulation in the Two parts are made of copper, silver, aluminum, gold or nickel, and the joined body is a 5mm x 5mm size including the first part, the second part and the joining part.
- a joined body, wherein the small pieces have a lateral shear strength of 18 MPa or more when cut into small pieces and subjected to a lateral shear strength test in accordance with JIS C62137-1-2:2010.
- a sintered material that contains copper particles and is capable of bonding conductive parts by firing in the atmosphere without the need for high-pressure pressurization.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a joined body manufactured using a sintered material according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a semiconductor device including a metal sintered body formed using a sintered material according to an embodiment of the present invention as a joint portion
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a joined body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a joined body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a joined body manufactured using a sintered material according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a semiconductor device including a metal sintered body formed using a sintered material according to an embodiment of the present invention as a joint portion
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a joined body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining an example of a method for manufacturing a joined body according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining an example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining still another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining still another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining still another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining still another example of the method for manufacturing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is imaging data obtained when a cross section of the joined body manufactured in Example 9 was observed by SEM-EDS.
- FIG. FIG. 2 shows imaging data obtained when a cross section of the joined body manufactured in Example 11 was observed by SEM-EDS.
- FIG. 10 is imaging data
- a sintered material according to an embodiment of the present invention contains silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent, and the primary particle diameter of the silver particles is 200 nm or less. There is, and the particle size of the copper particles at the time of 50% accumulation on a volume basis (herein, sometimes referred to as “D50”) measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement is 1 ⁇ m. That's it.
- D50 volume basis
- the sintered material of the present embodiment contains both silver particles with a small primary particle size and copper particles with a relatively large D50, so that during storage and during firing, the copper particles The formation of an oxidized layer on the surface of is suppressed, and conductive parts (for example, metal members) can be joined with sufficient strength by firing in the atmosphere without requiring high pressure.
- the primary particle diameter of the silver particles is 200 nm or less, and may be, for example, 150 nm or less, 100 nm or less, or 50 nm or less. Since the primary particle diameter of the silver particles is 200 nm or less, when the sintered material is fired in the atmosphere, the laminate obtained by using the conductive part to be joined and the sintered material, The metal sintered body (bonding portion) allows the conductive parts to be bonded together with sufficient strength without applying high pressure.
- silver particles mean the above silver particles having a primary particle size of 200 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the primary particle size of silver particles is not particularly limited.
- the primary particle size is 1 nm or more, it becomes easier to manufacture the metal sintered body.
- the average secondary particle size of the silver particles is preferably 2000 nm or less, and may be, for example, 1500 nm or less, 1000 nm or less, or 500 nm or less. Since the average secondary particle diameter of the silver particles is equal to or less than the above upper limit, when the sintered material is fired in the atmosphere, the laminate obtained by using the conductive part to be joined and the sintered material Therefore, the conductive parts can be joined with sufficient strength by the metal sintered body (joint portion) without applying high pressure.
- the lower limit of the average secondary particle size of silver particles is not particularly limited.
- the average secondary particle size is 100 nm or more, the occurrence of cracks in the metal sintered body is further suppressed.
- average secondary particle size of silver particles refers to freeze-fractured sintered material obtained by freezing-fractured material as described later in Examples. Observe the fracture surface and measure the maximum diameter of individual silver particle aggregates on the fracture surface. Means the average value of the maximum diameters obtained by dividing.
- the silver particles are preferably formed by a chemical reaction of a silver-containing compound having silver atoms as constituent atoms.
- the silver-containing compound may be either an inorganic compound having a silver atom (inorganic silver compound) or an organic compound having a silver atom (organic silver compound).
- the silver-containing compound used in the production of the sintered material may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types, and when two or more types are used, the combination and ratio thereof can be arbitrarily adjusted. .
- silver-containing compound examples include compounds that form silver by thermal decomposition or reduction thereof.
- silver-containing compounds examples include silver carboxylates (silver salts of carboxylic acids) having a group represented by the formula “—COOAg”.
- the sintered material is formed by blending (mixing) the silver-containing composition and the copper particles, and the silver-containing composition is , the silver carboxylate, the nitrogen-containing compound, and the reducing agent are preferably blended (mixed).
- the silver particles are formed from the silver carboxylate by the heat treatment, the action of the reducing agent, or the like.
- a sintered material containing silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent can be obtained without blending a nitrogen compound and a reducing agent.
- the silver carboxylate is not particularly limited as long as it has a group represented by the formula "--COOAg".
- the number of groups represented by the formula “—COOAg” may be only 1, or may be 2 or more.
- the position of the group represented by the formula “—COOAg” in the silver carboxylate is not particularly limited.
- silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate (1) examples include silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate represented by the following general formula (1) (in this specification, sometimes abbreviated as “silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate (1)”). mentioned.
- R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a substituent or a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or the general formula "R 1 -CY 1 2 -", “CY 1 3 -”, “R 1 -CHY 1 -", “R 2 O-”, “R 5 R 4 N-”, “(R 3 O) 2 CY 1 -” or " R 6 —C( ⁇ O)—CY 12 —”;
- Y 1 is each independently a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a hydrogen atom;
- R 1 is a C 1-19 aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a phenyl group;
- R 2 is a C 1-20 aliphatic
- R 3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms;
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in R may be linear, branched or cyclic (aliphatic cyclic group), and when cyclic, may be monocyclic or polycyclic. . Moreover, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of preferable aliphatic hydrocarbon groups for R include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and alkynyl groups.
- linear or branched alkyl group for R examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, n-hexyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 4 -methylpentyl group, 1,1-dimethylbutyl group, 2,2-dimethylbutyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, 2,3-dimethylbutyl group, 1-ethylbutyl group, 2-ethylbutyl group, 3-ethylbutyl group, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl group, n-hept
- Examples of the cyclic alkyl group for R include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group, a cyclodecyl group, a norbornyl group, an isobornyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, 2-adamantyl group, tricyclodecyl group and the like.
- alkynyl group for R examples include groups in which one single bond (CC) between carbon atoms of the alkyl group for R is replaced with a triple bond (C ⁇ C).
- alkynyl groups include an ethynyl group (--C.ident.CH) and a propargyl group ( --CH.sub.2--C.ident.CH ).
- one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a substituent.
- substituents include, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom.
- the number and positions of the substituents are not particularly limited. And when the number of substituents is plural, these plural substituents may be the same or different from each other. That is, all substituents may be the same, all substituents may be different, or only some substituents may be different.
- substituents include, for example, a saturated or unsaturated monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, a monovalent group in which the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is bonded to an oxygen atom, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, hydroxyl group (--OH), cyano group (--C ⁇ N), phenoxy group (--O--C 6 H 5 ) and the like.
- the number and positions of the substituents are not particularly limited.
- substituents when the number of substituents is plural, these plural substituents may be the same or different from each other.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group as a substituent include those similar to the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R, except that they have 1 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Each Y 1 in R is independently a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 -CY 1 2 - is independently a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a hydrogen atom.
- CY 1 3 - is independently a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 in R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a phenyl group (C 6 H 5 —). Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R 1 include the same aliphatic hydrocarbon groups as those for R, except that they have 1 to 19 carbon atoms.
- R 2 in R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include the same aliphatic hydrocarbon groups as those described above for R.
- R 3 in R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R 3 include those similar to the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R, except that they have 1 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 in R are each independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. That is, R 4 and R 5 may be the same or different, and the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R 4 and R 5 is, for example, the above-mentioned The same as the aliphatic hydrocarbon group can be mentioned.
- R 6 in R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group or a group represented by the formula "AgO-". Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R 6 include those similar to the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R, except that they have 1 to 19 carbon atoms.
- R 6 is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a group represented by the formula "AgO-".
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for X 1 include the same aliphatic hydrocarbon groups as those described above for R.
- the halogen atom for X 1 includes, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like.
- One or more hydrogen atoms of the phenyl group and benzyl group in X 1 may be substituted with a substituent.
- Preferable substituents include, for example, halogen atoms (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), nitro group (--NO 2 ) and the like.
- the number and positions of the substituents are not particularly limited. And when the number of substituents is plural, these plural substituents may be the same or different.
- R 7 in X 1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a thienyl group (C 4 H 3 S—), or a phenyl group in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a substituent, or It is a diphenyl group (biphenyl group, C 6 H 5 -C 6 H 4 -).
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R 7 include the same aliphatic hydrocarbon groups as those for R, except that they have 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituents of the phenyl group and diphenyl group in R 7 include halogen atoms (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom) and the like.
- the number and positions of the substituents are not particularly limited. And when the number of substituents is plural, these plural substituents may be the same or different.
- R 7 is a thienyl group or a diphenyl group
- the bonding position of these groups or atoms (oxygen atom, sulfur atom, carbonyl group, carbonyloxy group) adjacent to X 1 is not particularly limited.
- a thienyl group can be either a 2-thienyl group or a 3-thienyl group.
- two X 1 's may be bonded as one group via a double bond to a carbon atom sandwiched between two carbonyl groups.
- the silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate (1) used in the production of the silver-containing composition may be of one type or two or more types. , can be adjusted arbitrarily.
- Silver carboxylates other than silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylates include, for example, silver carboxylates represented by the following general formula (4) (in this specification, sometimes abbreviated as "silver carboxylates (4)" ).
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R 8 include the same aliphatic hydrocarbon groups as those for R, except that they have 1 to 19 carbon atoms. However, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group for R 8 preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in R 8 has a methylene group (—CH 2 —)
- one or more of the methylene groups may be substituted with a carbonyl group.
- the number and positions of methylene groups optionally substituted with carbonyl groups are not particularly limited, and all methylene groups may be substituted with carbonyl groups.
- the "methylene group” refers not only to a single group represented by the formula "--CH 2 --", but also to one alkylene group in which a plurality of groups represented by the formula "--CH 2 --” are linked.
- a group represented by the formula “—CH 2 —” is also included.
- the silver carboxylate (4) used in the production of the silver-containing composition may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types. can be adjusted to
- the silver carboxylate used in the production of the silver-containing composition may be of one type or two or more types. can.
- the silver carboxylate is preferably silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate or silver oxalate, and more preferably silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate (1) or silver oxalate. That is, the silver particles are preferably obtained by thermal decomposition or reduction of the silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate or silver oxalate, and the silver ⁇ -ketocarboxylate (1) or silver oxalate is preferably thermally decomposed or reduced. More preferably, it is obtained by
- the ratio of the total mass of silver derived from the silver carboxylate in the silver-containing composition to the total mass of the silver-containing composition is preferably 50% by mass or more, and 60% by mass or more. is more preferable.
- the metal sintered body joint portion
- the upper limit of the ratio is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. For example, a silver-containing composition having a proportion of 85% by mass or less has better handleability.
- silver derived from silver carboxylate has the same meaning as silver in silver carboxylate blended during production of the silver-containing composition, and continues to contain carboxylic acid after blending, unless otherwise specified. Including all of silver constituting silver, silver in decomposition products produced by decomposition of silver carboxylate after blending, and silver (silver particles) produced by thermal decomposition or reduction of silver carboxylate after blending It is a concept.
- nitrogen-containing compound examples include amine compounds having 25 or less carbon atoms.
- the amine compound has 1 to 25 carbon atoms and may be any of primary amine, secondary amine and tertiary amine.
- the amine compound may be either linear or cyclic.
- the number of nitrogen atoms constituting the amine moiety (for example, in the case of primary amines, the nitrogen atoms constituting the amino group (—NH 2 )) may be one or two. It may be one or more.
- the position of the nitrogen atom that constitutes the amine site in the amine compound is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the primary amines include monoalkylamines, monoarylamines, mono(heteroaryl)amines, and diamines in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a substituent.
- the alkyl group constituting the monoalkylamine may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and examples of such alkyl groups include the same alkyl groups as those described above for R. .
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
- preferred monoalkylamines include n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-octadecylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, 3 -aminopentane, 3-methylbutylamine, 2-heptylamine (2-aminoheptane), 2-aminooctane, 2-ethylhexylamine, 1,2-dimethyl-n-propylamine and the like.
- Examples of the aryl group constituting the monoarylamine include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, and a 2-naphthyl group.
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the heteroaryl group constituting the mono(heteroaryl)amine has a heteroatom as an atom constituting the aromatic ring skeleton, and the heteroatom includes, for example, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, A boron atom etc. are mentioned.
- the number of the heteroatoms constituting the aromatic ring skeleton is not particularly limited, and may be one or two or more. When there are two or more, these heteroatoms may be the same or different. That is, these heteroatoms may all be the same, all may be different, or only some may be different.
- the heteroaryl group may be either monocyclic or polycyclic, and the number of ring members (the number of atoms constituting the ring skeleton) is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a 3- to 12-membered ring.
- heteroaryl group having 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms monocyclic examples include pyrrolyl group, pyrrolinyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, pyridyl group, pyrimidyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazolyl group, A tetrazolyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, an imidazolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a pyrazolidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, etc., and such a heteroaryl group is preferably a 3- to 8-membered ring, preferably a 5- to 6-membered ring. more preferred.
- heteroaryl group having a monocyclic ring having one oxygen atom examples include a furanyl group and the like. A membered ring is more preferred.
- heteroaryl group, monocyclic having one sulfur atom examples include thienyl group and the like. Such heteroaryl group is preferably a 3- to 8-membered ring, A membered ring is more preferred.
- heteroaryl group, monocyclic having 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms include oxazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, morpholinyl group and the like.
- the heteroaryl group is preferably a 3- to 8-membered ring, more preferably a 5- to 6-membered ring.
- Examples of the heteroaryl group monocyclic having 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms include a thiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a thiazolidinyl group and the like, and such a heteroaryl group is preferably a 3- to 8-membered ring, more preferably a 5- to 6-membered ring.
- Polycyclic heteroaryl groups having 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms include, for example, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolizinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, an indazolyl group, and a benzotriazolyl group. , tetrazolopyridyl group, tetrazolopyridazinyl group, dihydrotriazolopyridazinyl group, etc.
- Such heteroaryl groups are preferably 7- to 12-membered rings, and 9- to 10-membered A ring is more preferred.
- Polycyclic heteroaryl groups having 1 to 3 sulfur atoms include, for example, a dithianaphthalenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, etc. Such heteroaryl groups have 7 to 12 members. It is preferably a ring, more preferably a 9- to 10-membered ring.
- Examples of the heteroaryl group having a polycyclic group having 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms include a benzoxazolyl group, a benzoxadiazolyl group, and the like.
- the heteroaryl group is preferably a 7- to 12-membered ring, more preferably a 9- to 10-membered ring.
- Polycyclic heteroaryl groups having 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms include, for example, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzothiadiazolyl group, and the like. is preferably a 7- to 12-membered ring, more preferably a 9- to 10-membered ring.
- the said diamine should just have two amino groups, and the positional relationship of two amino groups is not specifically limited.
- Preferred diamines include, for example, the monoalkylamine, monoarylamine or mono(heteroaryl)amine in which one hydrogen atom other than the hydrogen atoms constituting the amino group (—NH 2 ) is substituted with an amino group. and the like.
- the diamine preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, and the like.
- secondary amines examples include dialkylamines, diarylamines, and di(heteroaryl)amines in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with substituents.
- the alkyl group constituting the dialkylamine is the same as the alkyl group constituting the monoalkylamine, and is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
- a cyclic alkyl group is preferred.
- Two alkyl groups in one dialkylamine molecule may be the same or different.
- Specific examples of preferred dialkylamines include N-methyl-n-hexylamine, diisobutylamine, di(2-ethylhexyl)amine, and the like.
- the aryl group constituting the diarylamine is the same as the aryl group constituting the monoarylamine, and preferably has 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Two aryl groups in one diarylamine molecule may be the same or different.
- the heteroaryl group constituting the di(heteroaryl)amine is the same as the heteroaryl group constituting the mono(heteroaryl)amine, and is preferably a 6- to 12-membered ring.
- Two heteroaryl groups in one di(heteroaryl)amine molecule may be the same or different.
- tertiary amines examples include trialkylamines and dialkylmonoarylamines in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a substituent.
- the alkyl group that constitutes the trialkylamine is the same as the alkyl group that constitutes the monoalkylamine, and is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 19 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. is preferably a cyclic alkyl group.
- the three alkyl groups in one molecule of trialkylamine may be the same or different. That is, all three alkyl groups may be the same, all may be different, or only some may be different.
- Specific examples of preferred trialkylamines include N,N-dimethyl-n-octadecylamine and N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.
- the alkyl group constituting the dialkylmonoarylamine is the same as the alkyl group constituting the monoalkylamine, and is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 3 carbon atoms. It is preferably a 7 cyclic alkyl group. Two alkyl groups in one dialkylmonoarylamine molecule may be the same or different.
- the aryl group constituting the dialkylmonoarylamine is the same as the aryl group constituting the monoarylamine, and preferably has 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the amine compound is a heterocyclic compound in which the nitrogen atom constituting the amine moiety is part of the ring skeleton structure (heterocyclic skeleton structure).
- the amine compound may be a cyclic amine.
- the ring structure (the ring containing the nitrogen atoms that constitute the amine moiety) at this time may be either monocyclic or polycyclic, and the number of ring members (the number of atoms that constitute the ring skeleton) is not particularly limited. , an aliphatic ring or an aromatic ring.
- Preferred cyclic amines include, for example, pyridine.
- the "hydrogen atom optionally substituted with a substituent” means a nitrogen atom that constitutes the amine moiety.
- the number of substituents at this time is not particularly limited, and may be one or two or more, and all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with substituents. When the number of substituents is plural, these plural substituents may be the same or different. That is, a plurality of substituents may all be the same, all may be different, or only some of them may be different. Also, the position of the substituent is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the substituent in the amine compound include an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group (--CF 3 ).
- the halogen atom includes, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like.
- the alkyl group constituting the monoalkylamine has a substituent
- the alkyl group is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms having an aryl group as a substituent, or a substituent is preferably a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms having an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- monoalkylamines having such substituents include 2-phenylethylamine, benzylamine, 2,3-dimethylcyclohexylamine and the like.
- one or more hydrogen atoms of the aryl group and alkyl group which are substituents may be further substituted with halogen atoms.
- Examples of such monoalkylamines having a substituent substituted with a halogen atom include 2-bromobenzylamine and the like.
- examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- the aryl group constituting the monoarylamine has a substituent
- the aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and having a halogen atom as a substituent.
- monoarylamines having such substituents include bromophenylamine and the like.
- the halogen atom includes, for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, and the like.
- the alkyl group constituting the dialkylamine has a substituent
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms and having a hydroxyl group or an aryl group as a substituent.
- Specific examples of dialkylamines having such substituents include diethanolamine and N-methylbenzylamine.
- the nitrogen-containing compound used in the production of the silver-containing composition may be of one type or two or more types. can.
- the amine compounds include n-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-octadecylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, 3-aminopentane, 3-methylbutylamine, 2-heptylamine, 2-aminooctane, 2-ethylhexylamine, 2-phenylethylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, N-methyl-n-hexylamine, diisobutylamine, N-methylbenzylamine, di(2-ethylhexyl)amine, 1,2-dimethyl-n-propylamine, N,N-dimethyl-n-octadecylamine or N,N-dimethylcyclohe
- the amount of the nitrogen-containing compound is preferably 0.1 to 5 mol, more preferably 0.1 to 3 mol, per 1 mol of the silver carboxylate. , for example, 0.2 to 2 mol, and 0.2 to 1 mol.
- the metal sintered body joint portion allows the conductive parts to be bonded together without applying high pressure when the sintered material is fired in the atmosphere. can be joined with higher strength.
- the reducing agent is not particularly limited.
- Only one type of reducing agent may be used in the production of the silver-containing composition, or two or more types may be used. When two or more types are used, the combination and ratio thereof can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- formic acid is preferable as the reducing agent.
- the amount of the reducing agent is preferably 0.2 to 5 mol, more preferably 0.3 to 3 mol, per 1 mol of the silver carboxylate. , 0.4 to 2 mol, and 0.4 to 1 mol.
- the metal sintered body joint portion allows the conductive parts to be bonded together without applying high pressure when the sintered material is fired in the atmosphere. can be joined with higher strength.
- the silver-containing composition includes other components (referred to herein as "other components (ii)") that do not correspond to any of the silver carboxylate, the nitrogen-containing compound, and the reducing agent. There is) may be blended.
- the other component (other component (ii)) used in the production of the silver-containing composition may be one type or two or more types. Combinations and ratios can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- the method for producing the silver-containing composition has a step of blending the silver carboxylate, the nitrogen-containing compound, and the reducing agent to prepare the silver-containing composition. After blending each component, the resulting product may be used as the silver-containing composition as it is, or may be used as the silver-containing composition after performing a known post-treatment operation or purification operation, if necessary. .
- each component is added is not particularly limited.
- a preferred example of a method of blending each component is a method of adding and mixing the silver carboxylate to the nitrogen-containing compound, and then adding and mixing the reducing agent to the resulting mixture.
- the other component (ii) may be blended at an appropriate timing depending on the type.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and includes a method of mixing by rotating a stirrer or a stirring blade; a method of mixing using a mixer, three rolls, a kneader, a bead mill, etc.; It may be appropriately selected from known methods.
- the temperature during blending of each component is not particularly limited as long as each blending component does not deteriorate, but it is preferably -5 to 60°C.
- the temperature at the time of blending may be appropriately adjusted according to the types and amounts of the components to be blended so that the mixture obtained by blending has a viscosity that is easy to stir.
- the blending time of each component is not particularly limited as long as each blended component does not deteriorate, but it is preferably 10 minutes to 36 hours.
- a silver-containing composition containing silver particles having the above-described primary particle diameter is obtained by the above-described production method.
- the primary particle size of the silver particles may be adjusted by adjusting the production conditions of the silver-containing composition, such as stirring conditions in each step.
- a silver-containing composition containing silver particles having the average secondary particle size described above can also be obtained.
- the average secondary particle size of the silver particles can also be adjusted by adjusting the production conditions of the silver-containing composition, such as stirring conditions in each step.
- the ratio of the content of silver particles in the sintered material to the total mass of the sintered material (in this specification, may be referred to as the "concentration of silver particles” is preferably 25 to 80% by mass, and may be, for example, 50 to 80% by mass.
- the ratio (concentration of silver particles) is in such a range, as described above, the metal sintered body (joint) can Conductive parts can be joined with higher strength.
- the shape of the copper particles is not particularly limited.
- the copper particles may be spherical (spherical particles) or may be flat (flat particles) such as flakes.
- the D50 of the copper particles is 1 ⁇ m or more, and may be, for example, 1.5 ⁇ m or more or 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the D50 of the copper particles is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the surface area of the copper particles is reduced, so that the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the copper particles is suppressed during storage and firing of the sintered material, In the atmosphere, the effect that the conductive parts can be joined with sufficient strength by firing without the need to pressurize the sintered material at a high pressure is enhanced.
- copper particles mean the above copper particles having a D50 of 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of D50 of copper particles is not particularly limited. For example, when the D50 is 20 ⁇ m or less, it becomes easier to manufacture the metal sintered body.
- the content of copper particles is preferably 0.3 to 2.5 times the content of silver particles by mass. 0.5 to 2 times by mass is more preferable.
- the metal sintered body joint portion
- the metal sintered body can provide conductivity without applying high pressure when firing the sintered material in the atmosphere. Parts can be joined with higher strength.
- the amount of the copper particles in the sintered material is preferably 0.3 to 1.5 times the weight of the silver-containing composition. 0.6 to 1.5 times by mass, and 0.9 to 1.5 times by mass, or 0.3 to 1.2 times by mass, and 0.3 to 0.9 times by mass Either can be used.
- the sintered material contains other components that do not correspond to any of silver particles, copper particles, nitrogen-containing compounds, and reducing agents (in this specification, may be referred to as “other components (i)”). There is) may be contained.
- the other component (other component (i)) contained in the sintered material may be only one type, or may be two or more types, and when there are two or more types, combinations thereof and The ratio can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- the other component (other component (i)) is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention, and can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose.
- the other component (i) may be another component (ii) which is a compounding component of the silver-containing composition (other components in the silver-containing composition (ii) may be contained in the sintered material as it is), or may be a component that is not a compounding component of the silver-containing composition.
- Preferred other components include, for example, liquid components that have either or both of an ether bond and a hydroxyl group and are liquid at room temperature (in the present specification, simply “liquid antioxidant compounds having a boiling point of 150° C. or higher (in this specification, sometimes simply referred to as “antioxidant compounds”), solvents, and the like. Since the sintered material contains the liquid component, the joining strength of the joined body is increased. Since the sintered material contains the antioxidant compound, an oxide layer is formed on the surface of the part composed of copper in the joint and the object to be joined, such as the copper particles inside the joint. can be suppressed. Since the sintered material contains the solvent, the handleability of the sintered material may be improved.
- normal temperature means a temperature that is not particularly cooled or heated, that is, a normal temperature, and includes, for example, a temperature of 15 to 25°C.
- the liquid component is not particularly limited as long as it has one or both of an ether bond (--O--) and a hydroxyl group (--OH) and is liquid at room temperature. That is, the liquid component includes a liquid component having one or more ether bonds and no hydroxyl group (that is, ether); a liquid component having one or two or more hydroxyl groups and no ether bond. (ie, alcohol); includes liquid components (ie, alcohol ethers) having one or more ether bonds and one or more hydroxyl groups.
- ether examples of the ether, which is a liquid component, include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- the ether contained in the sintered material which is the other component (another component (i)), may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types. Their combination and ratio can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- alcohol which is a liquid component
- examples of the alcohol include ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,8-octanediol.
- the alcohol, which is the other component (other component (i)) contained in the sintered material may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types. Their combination and ratio can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- Alcohol ether examples include polyethylene glycol (PEG), diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, and the like.
- the alcohol ether which is the other component (other component (i)) contained in the sintered material, may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types, and in the case of two or more types, , their combination and ratio can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- the liquid component which is the other component (other component (i)) contained in the sintered material, is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of ether, alcohol, and alcohol ether.
- the content of the liquid component in the sintered material is preferably 0.05 to 0.15 times the mass of the copper particles. 0.13 mass times, and 0.09 to 0.11 mass times.
- the bonding strength described above is further increased.
- the antioxidant compound which is the other component (other component (i)) contained in the sintered material, is not particularly limited as long as it has a boiling point of 150° C. or higher.
- Preferable antioxidant compounds include, for example, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, catechin, isoflavone, anthocyanin, and ferulic acid.
- the antioxidant compound which is the other component (other component (i)) contained in the sintered material, may be only one type, may be two or more types, or may be two or more types. In some cases, their combination and ratio can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- the antioxidant compound which is the other component (other component (i)) contained in the sintered material, is one selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, tocopherol, catechin, isoflavone, anthocyanin and ferulic acid, or Two or more are preferred.
- the content of the antioxidant compound in the sintered material is preferably 0.005 to 0.015 times the content of the copper particles. 0.007 to 0.013 times by mass, and 0.009 to 0.011 times by mass.
- the content of the antioxidant compound is within such a range, the effect of suppressing the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the portion composed of copper is enhanced as described above.
- solvent does not impair the effects of the present invention, especially if it is a liquid component at room temperature that does not correspond to either the liquid component (ether, alcohol, alcohol ether) or the antioxidant compound, Not limited.
- the solvent, which is the other component (another component (i)) contained in the sintered material may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types. Their combination and ratio can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- An example of a preferable sintered material of the present embodiment is a sintered material, wherein the sintered material contains silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent, and the silver particles has a primary particle size of 200 nm or less, and a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more when 50% of the volume of the copper particles is accumulated, as measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement;
- the content of the copper particles is preferably 0.3 to 2.5 times the mass of the silver particles, more preferably 0.5 to 2 times the mass of the silver particles.
- a binding material is mentioned.
- a preferable sintered material of the present embodiment is a sintered material, the sintered material comprising silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, a reducing agent, and liquid at room temperature. and a liquid component, wherein the silver particles have a primary particle size of 200 nm or less, and are measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- the diameter is 1 ⁇ m or more
- the liquid component has one or both of an ether bond and a hydroxyl group
- the content of the copper particles is preferably 0.3 to 2.5 times by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 2 times by mass the content of the silver particles
- the content of the liquid component is 0.05 to 0.15 times by mass, 0.07 to 0.13 times by mass, and 0.09 to 0.09 times the content of the copper particles. 0.11 times the mass of the sintered material.
- the liquid component is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of ether, alcohol and alcohol ether.
- Still another example of the preferred sintered material of the present embodiment is a sintered material, the sintered material comprising silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, a reducing agent, and liquid at room temperature. and an antioxidant compound, the primary particle diameter of the silver particles is 200 nm or less, and the volume of the copper particles measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement The particle diameter at the time of 50% accumulation of is 1 ⁇ m or more, the liquid component has one or both of an ether bond and a hydroxyl group, The antioxidant compound has a boiling point of 150° C.
- the content of the copper particles is preferably 0.3 to 2.5 times the mass of the silver particles, more preferably 0.5 to 2 times the mass
- the content of the liquid component is 0.05 to 0.15 times by mass, 0.07 to 0.13 times by mass, and 0.09 to 0.09 times the content of the copper particles. .11 times the mass
- the content of the antioxidant compound is 0.005 to 0.015 times by mass, 0.007 to 0.013 times by mass, and 0.009 times the content of the copper particles.
- a sintered material having a mass ratio of 0.011 to 0.011 can be mentioned.
- the liquid component is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of ether, alcohol and alcohol ether.
- the antioxidant compound is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, tocopherol, catechin, isoflavone, anthocyanin and ferulic acid.
- Still another example of a preferable sintered material of the present embodiment is a sintered material, the sintered material containing silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent,
- the silver particles have a primary particle size of 200 nm or less, and a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more when 50% of the copper particles are accumulated on a volume basis, as measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- the sintered material is a mixture of a silver-containing composition and the copper particles
- the silver-containing composition comprises a silver carboxylate, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent
- the amount of the nitrogen-containing compound is 0.1 to 5 mol, 0.1 to 3 mol, 0.2 to 2 mol, and 0 per 1 mol of the silver carboxylate. .2 to 1 mol
- the compounding amount of the reducing agent is 0.2 to 5 mol, 0.3 to 3 mol, 0.4 to 2 mol, and 0.4 to 2 mol per 1 mol of the compounding amount of the silver carboxylate.
- the amount of the copper particles is 0.3 to 1.5 times by mass, 0.6 to 1.5 times by mass, or 0.9 to 0.9 times the amount of the silver-containing composition.
- a sintered material having a weight ratio of 1.5, 0.3 to 1.2, or 0.3 to 0.9 is included.
- the sintered material of the present embodiment is obtained by blending the silver particles, the copper particles, the nitrogen-containing compound, the reducing agent, and, if necessary, the other component (i). obtained (in this specification, this manufacturing method may be referred to as "manufacturing method (1)").
- the production method (1) includes a step of blending silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, a reducing agent, and, if necessary, the other component (i);
- the primary particle diameter of the particles is 200 nm or less, and the particle diameter (D50) of the copper particles at the time of 50% accumulation on a volume basis, measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement, is 1 ⁇ m or more. .
- Production method (1) may be the same as the production method of the silver-containing composition described above, except that the types of ingredients are different.
- the other component (i) may be blended at an appropriate timing depending on the type.
- the obtained material may be used as a sintered material as it is, or if necessary, the material obtained by subsequently performing a known post-treatment operation or refining operation may be sintered. It may be used as a binding material.
- silver particles are produced by adjusting the production conditions of the sintered material, such as the stirring conditions in each step when blending (adding) each component or after blending all the components. You may adjust the average secondary particle size of.
- the sintered material of the present embodiment uses the silver-containing composition
- the sintered material is obtained by blending the silver-containing composition and the copper particles, as described above.
- this manufacturing method may be referred to as “manufacturing method (2)”). That is, the production method (2) comprises blending the silver carboxylate (silver carboxylate having a group represented by the formula “—COOAg”), a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent to produce a silver-containing composition. and blending the silver-containing composition and copper particles, wherein 50% by volume of the copper particles as measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement. The particle diameter (D50) at the time of % accumulation is 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the "step of preparing a silver-containing composition" in the manufacturing method (2) is the same as the "step of preparing a silver-containing composition” described above.
- the manufacturing method (2) there is no particular limitation on the order in which the components are added when manufacturing the sintered material.
- the mixing method during production of the sintered material is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, the same as the mixing method during production of the silver-containing composition described above.
- the other component (i) may be blended at an appropriate timing depending on the type.
- the obtained material may be used as a sintered material as it is, or if necessary, the material obtained by performing a known post-treatment operation or purification operation may be sintered. It may be used as a binding material.
- the temperature at which each component is blended during the manufacture of the sintered material is not particularly limited as long as each blended component does not deteriorate, but it is preferably 15 to 35°C.
- the temperature at the time of blending may be appropriately adjusted according to the types and amounts of the components to be blended so that the mixture obtained by blending has a viscosity that is easy to stir.
- the blending time of each component is not particularly limited as long as each blended component does not deteriorate, but it is preferably 10 to 60 minutes.
- a metal sintered body according to one embodiment of the present invention has a silver sintered layer, the silver sintered layer contains copper particles, and is measured by laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement.
- the copper particles have a volume-based 50% cumulative particle diameter (D50) of 1 ⁇ m or more, and the copper particles do not have an oxide layer on their surfaces.
- the metal sintered body of this embodiment is obtained by firing the sintered material according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the metal sintered body can be used as a conductive joint for joining conductive parts together.
- the metal sintered body allows the conductive parts to be bonded together with sufficient strength.
- the metal sintered body is used as the joint part in a joined body in which a conductive first part and a conductive second part are joined via a joint part. preferred. In such a bonded body, peeling between the first component or the second component and the bonded portion is suppressed.
- the metal sintered body is particularly suitable for use as a joint between an electrode on a substrate and a semiconductor element. It is particularly suitable.
- the silver sintered layer in the metal sintered body is formed by sintering the silver particles in the sintered material by firing the sintered material. And the said silver sintered layer containing the said copper particle is formed because the said sintered material contains the said copper particle further besides the said silver particle. At this time, the formation of an oxide layer on the surfaces of the copper particles can be suppressed by adjusting the firing conditions.
- the conductive parts such as the conductive first part and the conductive second part include metal parts (metal members).
- the metal component may be, for example, a metal layer provided on the surface of a semiconductor chip such as a silicon chip or a semiconductor element by a sputtering method or a plating method, or may be provided on a resin substrate or a ceramic substrate. It may be a metal layer such as an electrode.
- the bonding strength of the bonded body can be determined by measuring the die shear strength of the bonded body.
- the die shear strength of the joined body can be measured according to JIS C62137-1-2:2010 (lateral push shear strength test, IEC 62137-1-2:2007).
- the fracture surface of the joined body occurs at the joint made of the metal sintered body. parallel or nearly parallel to the direction of
- the first part has a size of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm copper plate
- the second part is a copper chip with a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm
- the joint made of a sintered metal body has a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm.
- a test bonded body metal bonded body
- the die shear strength of this test bonded body is measured, and the values are compared.
- it is preferable that the entire surface of the copper chip on the bonding portion side is brought into contact with the bonding portion, and the entire surface of the bonding portion on the copper plate side is brought into contact with the copper plate. .
- the thickness of the bonded portion made of the metal sintered body in the test bonded body is preferably 1 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 20 to 120 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is equal to or greater than the lower limit value, the copper plate and the copper chip can be more easily joined together by the joining portion even if the copper plate or the copper chip is warped.
- the thickness is equal to or less than the upper limit value, the homogeneous joint portion can be formed more easily without voids.
- the die shear strength (lateral shear strength) may be, for example, 9 MPa or more, preferably 20 MPa or more, for example, 30 MPa or more, or 40 MPa or more. good.
- the upper limit of the die shear strength is not particularly limited.
- the die shear strength is preferably 60 MPa or less from the viewpoint that the metal sintered body can be more easily produced.
- the die shear strength may be, for example, any one of 9-60 MPa, 20-60 MPa, 30-60 MPa, and 40-60 MPa.
- the thickness of the metal sintered body is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose.
- the thickness of the metal sintered body is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and may be any one of 10 ⁇ m or more, 20 ⁇ m or more, 65 ⁇ m or more, and 80 ⁇ m or more.
- the metal sintered body having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m or less can be manufactured more easily, and the thickness may be either 300 ⁇ m or less or 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal sintered body can be produced by heating (firing) the sintered material according to one embodiment of the present invention to sinter the silver particles in the sintered material.
- the rate of temperature increase during heating of the sintered material during the production of the metal sintered body is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 20° C./min, for example, 3 to 15° C./min. may When the heating rate is within such a range, the metal sintered body having the desired characteristics can be produced more efficiently.
- the firing temperature of the sintered material (the temperature at which the sintered material is sintered) during the production of the metal sintered body is preferably 360 ° C. or less, for example, either 310 ° C. or less or 260 ° C. or less. or When the firing temperature is equal to or lower than the upper limit, excessive heating is suppressed, and a metal sintered body with good properties can be obtained.
- the firing temperature of the sintered material (the temperature at which the sintered material is sintered) may be either 175 ° C. or higher or 190 ° C. or higher, but is preferably 240 ° C. or higher, for example, 290 ° C. or more. When the firing temperature is equal to or higher than the lower limit, a metal sintered body with higher purity can be obtained.
- the firing temperature of the sintered material is temperature
- the firing temperature of the sintered material is preferably 240.degree.
- the firing temperature of the sintered material is preferably 260 ° C. or less. It may be any of 260°C, 190-260°C, and 240-260°C.
- the firing temperature of the sintering material is 310° C. or less. is preferred, and may be, for example, any one of 175-310°C, 190-310°C, and 240-310°C.
- firing (sintering) of the sintered material is synonymous with sintering of the silver particles.
- the firing time of the sintered material is preferably 50 to 180 minutes, for example, 50 to 150 minutes, 90 to 180 minutes. , and 90 to 150 minutes.
- the firing time is within such a range, the metal sintered body having the desired characteristics can be produced more efficiently.
- the pressure applied to the conductive part to be joined and the laminate obtained by using the sintered material is preferably less than 5.5 MPa, and is 5.2 MPa or less. It is more preferably 3 MPa or less, and may be, for example, 1.5 MPa or less. The pressure is 0 MPa or more, and no pressure may be applied to the laminate. In this manner, the conductive parts can be joined with sufficient strength by the sintered metal body (joint portion) without applying high pressure.
- the metal sintered body In the case where fragile members are arranged in the periphery of the housing, unintended breakage of these members can be suppressed.
- the pressure applied to the laminate obtained by using the conductive part to be joined and the sintered material is a metal sintered body (joint) formed from the sintered material. It is the pressure applied in the same direction as the joining direction of the conductive parts.
- Firing of the sintered material can be performed in the atmosphere and under normal pressure.
- the joint and the object to be joined such as copper particles inside the metal sintered body (the joint) Of these, it is possible to suppress the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the portion made of copper.
- a preferable method for producing the metal sintered body includes, for example, a step of attaching the sintered material on an object to form the metal sintered body, and exposing the sintered material after attachment to a temperature of 360 ° C.
- the sintered material is heated at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher without solidifying, thereby making the heated sintered material.
- the metal sintered body may be produced by firing the heated product.
- a heating time preheating time described later
- the total time of the firing time for obtaining the metal sintered body by firing the object may be the same as the firing time of the sintered material described above.
- the firing temperature for obtaining the metal sintered body by firing the heated material may be the same as the firing temperature for the sintered material described above.
- the pressure applied to the laminate of the conductive part to be joined and the heated material is the same as that of the sintered material described above.
- the pressure applied to the laminate obtained using the conductive component and the sintered material during firing may be the same.
- the heated material may be obtained from the sintered material in the atmosphere, and the metal sintered body may be obtained from the heated material in the atmosphere.
- the sintered material may be adhered to a desired portion in a desired shape and then fired.
- Examples of the method of attaching the sintered material to the target location include known methods such as a printing method and a coating method.
- Examples of the printing method include screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, dip printing, inkjet printing, dispenser printing, jet dispenser printing, gravure printing, gravure offset printing, A pad printing method and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the coating method include methods using various coaters such as a spin coater, an air knife coater, a curtain coater, a die coater, a blade coater, a roll coater, a gate roll coater, a bar coater, a rod coater, and a gravure coater; method of using; method of using a coating device such as a slot die, and the like.
- various coaters such as a spin coater, an air knife coater, a curtain coater, a die coater, a blade coater, a roll coater, a gate roll coater, a bar coater, a rod coater, and a gravure coater
- method of using such as a slot die, and the like.
- the metal sintered body is, for example, suitable for use as a substitute for solder, and suitable for use as a joint between conductive parts.
- the metal sintered body is also suitable as, for example, a bonding material for semiconductors. That is, a joined body having such joints includes a conductive first part (in this specification, sometimes simply abbreviated as "first part") and a conductive second part ( In this specification, it may be simply abbreviated as a “second part”) is joined via a joint, and the joint is configured by the sintering according to one embodiment of the present invention described above.
- a conductive joined body which is a metal sintered body formed from a material.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a bonded body manufactured using the sintered material.
- a joined body 101 shown here is configured by joining a conductive first part 2 and a conductive second part 3 via a joining portion 1 .
- the joint portion 1 is made of the metal sintered body according to one embodiment of the present invention described above.
- the first part 2 is sheet-like, plate-like or block-like.
- the first component 2 may consist of one layer (single layer), or may consist of multiple layers of two or more layers. When the first component 2 is composed of multiple layers, these multiple layers may be the same or different, and the combination of these multiple layers is not particularly limited. In this specification, not only in the case of the first component, "a plurality of layers may be the same or different” means "all the layers may be the same, or all the layers may be It may be different, or only a part of the layers may be the same.” Further, “multiple layers are different from each other” means that “at least one of the constituent material and thickness of each layer is different from each other. ” means.
- one layer or two or more layers on the joint portion 1 side in the first component 2 may be a layer that improves adhesion with the joint portion 1. .
- the thickness of the first component 2 can be arbitrarily set according to the purpose of the joined body 101, and is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the first part 2 may be, for example, 10-10000 ⁇ m.
- the total thickness of each layer is the preferred thickness of the first component 2 described above.
- first part 2 may have other shapes other than these. can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose.
- the second part 3 is sheet-like, plate-like or block-like.
- the second component 3 may be composed of one layer (single layer), or may be composed of multiple layers of two or more layers. When the second component 3 is composed of multiple layers, these multiple layers may be the same or different, and the combination of these multiple layers is not particularly limited.
- one layer or two or more layers on the joint portion 1 side of the second component 3 may be a layer that improves adhesion with the joint portion 1. .
- the thickness of the second component 3 can be arbitrarily set according to the purpose of the joined body 101, and is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the second part 3 is, for example, preferably 0.05 to 10000 ⁇ m, may be 0.05 to 500 ⁇ m, or may be more than 500 ⁇ m and 10000 ⁇ m or less.
- the total thickness of each layer should be the preferred thickness of the second part 3 described above.
- a sheet-like, plate-like, or block-like second part 3 is shown, but the second part 3 may have other shapes. can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose.
- the joint portion 1 is made of a metal sintered body formed from the sintered material and is electrically conductive, and the details thereof are as described above.
- the joint 1 is sheet-like, plate-like or block-like.
- the joint portion 1 may consist of one layer (single layer), or may consist of a plurality of layers of two or more layers. When the joint portion 1 is composed of multiple layers, these multiple layers may be the same or different, and the combination of these multiple layers is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the joint portion 1 may be the thickness of the metal sintered body described above.
- the total thickness of each layer is equal to the thickness of the metal sintered body described above.
- joint 1 a sheet-like, plate-like, or block-like joint is shown as the joint 1, but the joint 1 may have a shape other than these, and the shape of the joint 1 is suitable for the purpose. can be selected arbitrarily according to
- one first part 2 and one second part 3 are joined by one joining portion 1, but the joining form is not limited to this.
- one first part and two or more second parts may be joined by one joining portion.
- the two or more second parts may be all the same, all may be different, or only a part may be different.
- one first part and two or more second parts may be joined by two or more joining portions.
- the number of second parts and the number of joints may be the same or different.
- the two or more second parts may be all the same, all may be different, or only a part may be different.
- the number of first parts and the number of second parts exemplified here may be reversed.
- the joined body provided with the metal sintered body formed from the sintered material is not limited to that shown in FIG. , part of the configuration may be changed, deleted or added.
- a preferred bonded body is, for example, a metal bonded body in which metal members are bonded together by the metal sintered body, and the metal bonded body is laterally bonded in accordance with JIS C62137-1-2:2010.
- a metal bonded body having a transverse shear strength (die shear strength) of 20 MPa or more when subjected to a push shear strength test is exemplified. The method for measuring the die shear strength (lateral push shear strength) of the metal member and the joined body is as described above.
- the die shear strength (lateral shear strength) may be, for example, 30 MPa or more and 40 MPa or more.
- the upper limit of the die shear strength is not particularly limited.
- the die shear strength is preferably 60 MPa or less from the viewpoint that the metal sintered body can be more easily produced.
- the die shear strength may be, for example, any one of 20-60 MPa, 30-60 MPa, and 40-60 MPa.
- a preferred bonded body is, for example, a semiconductor device comprising a substrate and a semiconductor element bonded to the substrate, wherein an electrode provided on the substrate and the semiconductor element are bonded together.
- the semiconductor device is bonded by a portion (metal sintered body), and the bonding portion is a metal sintered body formed using the sintered material according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the semiconductor device.
- a semiconductor device 102 shown here includes a substrate 20 and a semiconductor element 31 bonded to the substrate 20 .
- An electrode 21 is provided on one surface of the substrate 20 , and the electrode 21 and the semiconductor element 31 are joined by a joint portion 11 .
- the joint portion 11 is made of a metal sintered body formed using the sintered material.
- the substrate 20 may be, for example, a known substrate such as a resin substrate, and is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the substrate 20 may be, for example, 200-10000 ⁇ m.
- the electrode 21 is included in the first component, and may be a known electrode such as a metal electrode, and is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the electrode 21 may be, for example, 10-5000 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor element 31 is included in the second part, and may be a known element such as an element whose constituent material is a semiconductor such as silicon, silicon carbide, or gallium nitride.
- the thickness of the semiconductor element 31 may be, for example, 50-800 ⁇ m.
- the joint 11 is conductive, and the details are as described above.
- the thickness of the joint 11 may be, for example, 10-200 ⁇ m.
- the bonding form between the electrode 21 and the semiconductor element 31 in the bonded body 102 via the bonding portion 11 is the same as the bonding mode between the first component 2 and the second component 3 via the bonding portion 1 in the bonded body 101. , may be similar.
- the joined body is produced by, for example, removing the sintered material adhering to the surface of one or both of the first part and the second part at a temperature of 60°C or higher.
- a step of obtaining a heated product of the sintered material by heating without solidification in this specification, it may be referred to as a “preheating step”); and joining the first part and the second part by a metal sintered body formed from the heated material by firing the heated material while the first part and the second part are in contact with each other. and (in this specification, sometimes referred to as a “bonding step”).
- the joined body is configured by joining a conductive first part and a conductive second part through a joining portion,
- the joint portion is a metal sintered body
- the manufacturing method includes removing the sintered material adhering to one or both surfaces of the first component and the second component at a temperature of 60° C. or higher. a step of obtaining a heated product of the sintered material by heating without solidifying at a temperature; and joining the first part and the second part with the metal sintered body formed from the heated material by firing the heated material, wherein the sintered material is silver.
- the particle diameter (D50) at 50% accumulation based on the volume of the particles is 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the method of attaching the silver-containing composition to the surface of one or both of the first component and the second component is the method of attaching the sintered material to the target location described above. are the same.
- the preheating step is performed in the manufacturing method of the present embodiment is that the bonding strength of the metal sintered body (that is, the bonding portion) is significantly increased.
- the first part and the second part are not brought into contact (integrated) with the sintered material being heated interposed therebetween.
- heating temperature of the sintered material in the preheating step is, for example, 65° C. or higher, 70° C. or higher, or 75° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature (preheating temperature) of the sintered material in the preheating step is not particularly limited.
- the heating temperature is preferably 120° C. or less in terms of easily avoiding solidification of the sintered material.
- the time for heating the sintered material at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher without solidifying it is 0.1 to 30 minutes. preferably 0.5 to 10 minutes, 1.5 to 10 minutes, and 3 to 10 minutes.
- the heated product obtained in the preheating step typically does not have the luster peculiar to silver, and from such appearance characteristics, the heated product is the target metal sintering Distinction from the body is possible.
- the temperature rise rate during firing of the object to be heated is, for example, the same as the temperature rise rate during heating of the sintered material during the production of the metal sintered body described above. you can
- the sintering temperature (sintering temperature between silver particles) when sintering the object to be heated in the bonding step is, for example, the sintering temperature (sintering temperature) of the sintered material during the production of the metal sintered body described above. temperature at which the binder is sintered).
- the total time of the firing time (sintering time between silver particles) and the preheating time when firing the object to be heated in the bonding step is, for example, the metal It may be the same as the firing time of the sintered material (time for sintering the sintered material) in the production of the sintered body.
- the heating of the sintered material is carried out in the atmosphere in the conductive material to be bonded. This can be done without applying a high pressure to the laminate of the heatable part and the object to be heated. By firing (sintering) without applying high pressure in this manner, high pressure is not applied to the first component and the second component, and unintended breakage of the first component and the second component can be suppressed.
- FIGS. 3A to 3D are cross-sectional views for schematically explaining an example of the manufacturing method of this embodiment.
- the same constituent elements as those shown in already explained figures are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the already explained figures, and detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
- FIGS. 3A to 3D show the case of manufacturing the joined body 101 shown in FIG. 1 by attaching the sintered material only to the surface of the first component and performing the preheating step.
- the sintered material 10 adhering to one surface 2a of the conductive first part 2 is solidified at a temperature of 60° C. or higher.
- a heated sintered material 100 is obtained as shown in FIG. 3B.
- the bonding step as shown in FIG. 3C, the heated object 100 is fired in the atmosphere while the first component 2 and the second component 3 are in contact with each other with the heated object 100 interposed therebetween.
- the pressure applied to the laminate of the first part 2, the second part 3, and the object to be heated 100 is the pressure P1 applied from the first part 2 side and the pressure P1 applied from the second part 3 side.
- the first part 2 and The second component 3 can be joined with sufficient strength.
- the joint portion (metal sintered body) 1 formed from the object 100 to be heated as shown in FIG. 3D. Join.
- the joined body 101 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.
- FIGS. 4A to 4D are cross-sectional views for schematically explaining another example of the manufacturing method of this embodiment.
- the sintered material is attached only to the surface of the second part, and the preheating step is performed to obtain a joined body 103 having the same configuration as the joined body 101 shown in FIG. is shown for the case of manufacturing.
- the sintered material 10 adhering to one surface 3a of the conductive second part 3 is solidified at a temperature of 60° C. or higher.
- a heated sintered material 100 is obtained as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the bonding step as shown in FIG. 4C, the heated object 100 is fired in the atmosphere while the first component 2 and the second component 3 are in contact with each other with the heated object 100 interposed therebetween.
- the pressure applied to the laminate of the first part 2, the second part 3, and the object to be heated 100 is the pressure P1 applied from the first part 2 side and the pressure P1 applied from the second part 3 side.
- the first part 2 and The second component 3 can be joined with sufficient strength.
- the first part 2 and the second part 3 are joined together by the joint portion (metal sintered body) 1 formed from the object 100 to be heated, as shown in FIG. 4D.
- Join Through the above, the joined body 103 is obtained.
- a joined body 103 is the same as the joined body 101 shown in FIG.
- 5A to 5D are cross-sectional views for schematically explaining still another example of the manufacturing method of this embodiment.
- 5A to 5D the sintered material is adhered to the surfaces of both the first component and the second component, and the preheating step is performed to obtain a structure similar to that of the joined body 101 shown in FIG. is shown for the case of manufacturing the joined body 104 of .
- the preheating step as shown in FIG.
- the second sintered material 120 adhering to one surface 3a of the component 3 is heated at a temperature of 60° C. or higher without being solidified.
- a first heated material 1100 is obtained from the first sintered material 110
- a second heated material 1200 is obtained from the second sintered material 120.
- the first sintered material 110 and the second sintered material 120 may be the same or different.
- the bonding step as shown in FIG.
- the first heated object 1100 and the second heated object 1200 are brought into contact with each other, the first heated object 1100 and the second heated object 1200 are interposed in the atmosphere, and the second heated object 1100 and the second heated object 1200 are interposed. While the first component 2 and the second component 3 are in contact with each other, the first heated object 1100 and the second heated object 1200 are fired.
- the pressure applied to the laminate of the first part 2, the second part 3, the first heated object 1100, and the second heated object 1200 is the pressure P1 applied from the first part 2 side. , the pressure P2 applied from the side of the second part 3, or both. In either case, as described above, the first part 2 and the second part 3 can be joined with sufficient strength without applying a high pressure to the laminate.
- the first part 2 and the second part 3 are formed into the first heated object 1100 and the second heated object 1100 as shown in FIG. 5D.
- Bonding is performed by a bonding portion (metal sintered body) 12 formed from an object 1200 .
- the joint portion 12 consists of a first joint portion (first metal sintered body) 121 formed from the first heated object 1100 and a second joint portion (second joint portion) formed from the second heated object 1200.
- it can be recognized as a two-layer structure of two metal sintered bodies) 122, and in other cases, it cannot be recognized as such a two-layer structure but can be recognized as a single-layer structure as shown in FIG. 4D.
- a joined body 104 similar to that shown in FIG. 4D is obtained.
- the semiconductor device can be manufactured by using an electrode as the first part and a semiconductor element as the second part in the method for manufacturing the bonded body described above.
- a joined body is configured by joining a conductive first part and a conductive second part via a joint, and the joint is metal sintered.
- the particle diameter at the time of 50% accumulation as a reference is 1 ⁇ m or more
- the joint surface area of both the first part and the second part is 625 mm 2 or more
- the second part is made of copper, silver, aluminum, gold, or nickel, and the bonded body includes the first part, the second part, and the joint, and has a size of 5 mm x 5 mm.
- the lateral shear strength of the small piece is 18 MPa or more (in this specification may refer to this conjugate as a "conjugate (Z)").
- the bonded body (bonded body (Z)) of the present embodiment is a bonded body that can be manufactured by the manufacturing method of the bonded body according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the area of both joint surfaces is limited to 625 mm 2 or more, and the first and second parts are limited to copper, silver, aluminum, gold, or nickel parts, and the
- the bonded body (bonded body (Z)) is a bonded body in which the transverse shear strength (die shear strength) of the small piece cut out from the bonded body is changed to 18 MPa or more. That is, the joined body (Z) is the same as the joined body that can be produced by the above-described method for producing a joined body according to one embodiment of the present invention, except that they are not changed.
- the copper particles preferably do not have an oxide layer on their surfaces.
- the small piece is also the bonded body according to one embodiment of the present invention described above.
- the bonding surface of the first component in the bonded body is the surface of the first component on the bonding portion side
- the bonding surface of the second component in the bonded body is the second This is the surface of the part on the joint side.
- the combination of the first part and the second part includes a combination of copper parts, a combination of silver parts, a combination of aluminum parts, a combination of gold parts, and a combination of nickel parts.
- the planar shape is a square, and the size of this square is 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm.
- the die shear strength (lateral shear strength) of 30% or more of the maximum producible number of the small pieces is preferably 18 MPa or more, and the maximum producible number of the above More preferably, the die shear strength of the small piece is 18 MPa or more.
- the planar shape of the joining surfaces of both the first part and the second part is preferably quadrangular, and may be square.
- the joint surface area of both the first part and the second part may be, for example, any of 675 mm 2 or more, 725 mm 2 or more, 780 mm 2 or more, and 840 mm 2 or more.
- the area of the joint surface may be, for example, 1225 mm 2 or less from the viewpoint that the joined body (Z) is easier to manufacture.
- the area of the joint surface may be, for example, any one of 625-1225 mm 2 , 675-1225 mm 2 , 725-1225 mm 2 , 780-1225 mm 2 and 840-1225 mm 2 .
- the die shear strength (horizontal pressing shear strength) of the small piece may be either 30 MPa or more and 40 MPa or more.
- the upper limit of the die shear strength of the small pieces is not particularly limited.
- the die shear strength of the small piece is preferably 60 MPa or less from the viewpoint that the metal sintered body can be more easily produced.
- the die shear strength of the piece may be, for example, any one of 18-60 MPa, 30-60 MPa, and 40-60 MPa.
- the die shear strength (lateral pressing shear strength) of the small piece can be measured by the same method as the die shear strength (lateral pressing shear strength) of the above-described test assembly.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of sintered materials>> ⁇ Production of silver-containing composition> 2-Ethylhexylamine (0.4 times the molar amount of silver 2-methylacetoacetate described later) was added to a beaker, and silver 2-methylacetoacetate (52.9 g ) was added and the result was stirred for 15 minutes by rotating a mechanical stirrer. Then, to the resulting stirred liquid, formic acid (0.65 times the molar amount of silver 2-methylacetoacetate) was added dropwise over 10 minutes so that the liquid temperature was 60° C. or lower. and further stirred at 26° C. for 1.5 hours. Thus, a silver-containing composition (A) was obtained.
- the silver-containing composition (A) contained 2-ethylhexylamine and formic acid. It was also confirmed that the silver-containing composition (A) contained silver particles. The ratio of the total mass of silver derived from silver 2-methylacetoacetate in the silver-containing composition (A) to the total mass of the silver-containing composition (A) was 63% by mass.
- the sintered material obtained above is cooled, freeze-fractured, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM, "Cryo FIC-SEM FEI, Helios NanoLab 600") is used at an accelerating voltage of 1 kV (backscattered electron image). , observed the fracture surface of the freeze-fractured material. Then, using image analysis software ("Image J.”), the SEM image at a magnification of 10,000 times was subjected to image processing to identify the silver particle aggregates. From the identification results, the maximum diameter of individual silver particle aggregates was measured. The number of observed silver particle aggregates was 700 or more.
- the “maximum diameter” means the maximum value of the length of the line segment connecting any two points positioned on the contour line in the identification image of the silver particle aggregate. As a result, the average value of the maximum diameters, that is, the average secondary particle diameter of the silver particles was 294 nm.
- the individual silver particle aggregates were composed of silver particles having a primary particle diameter of 200 nm or less.
- the content ratio of silver particles (concentration of silver particles) in the sintered material to the total mass of the sintered material was 30% by mass.
- a copper plate with a size of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm and a copper chip with a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm and a square planar shape were prepared.
- a printed layer of the sintered material obtained above was formed with a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm by screen printing.
- the printed layer was preheated at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes in the atmosphere under no pressure (under normal pressure), and then the printed layer was heated.
- the copper chip was placed on the object to be heated (preheated object). At this time, in a plan view looking down from above, the center of the object to be heated and the center of the copper chip are aligned, and furthermore, the outer periphery of the object to be heated and the outer periphery of the copper chip are parallel. Aligned the copper tip as follows.
- the obtained laminate was heated from room temperature to 120° C. at a heating rate of 5° C./min while applying a pressure of 1 MPa in the thickness direction. Hold for 5 minutes, further heat the laminate from 120 ° C. to 190 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min, hold at 190 ° C. for 5 minutes, and further heat the laminate at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min.
- the heated material was fired by raising the temperature from 190° C. to 200° C. and maintaining the temperature at 200° C. for 60 minutes. During this time, the temperature was raised from room temperature, and the pressure of 1 MPa was continued to be applied to the laminate until the holding at 200° C. for 60 minutes was completed.
- a metal sintered body having a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm was formed from the heated material. Then, the fired product obtained was allowed to cool to room temperature. As described above, a joined body was obtained in which a copper plate and a copper chip were joined together by a joining portion made of a metal sintered body.
- firing pressure means the pressure applied to the laminate.
- final firing temperature means the firing temperature at the final stage, which is the main firing temperature during firing of the object to be heated.
- final baking time means the baking time at the final baking temperature when baking the object to be heated.
- the thickness of the metal sintered body was measured at the same time when the presence or absence of an oxide layer was confirmed in the three bonded bodies from which the above cross sections were prepared, and the thickness range was obtained from the minimum and maximum values. , 15-50 ⁇ m. Therefore, in the bonded body obtained above, the thickness of the metal sintered body was presumed to be in the range of 15 to 50 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 ⁇ Production of Sintered Material, Production of Joined Body (Sintered Metal), and Evaluation of Joined Body (Sintered Metal)>> [Example 2]
- the laminate was finally heated to 200° C. and held at 200° C. for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 250° C. and held at 250° C. for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 3 When the metal sintered body was formed, the laminate was finally heated to 200°C and held at 200°C for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 300°C and held at 300°C for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 4 ⁇ Production of sintered material>> The silver-containing composition (A) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. At room temperature, the silver-containing composition (A) obtained above (10 parts by mass) and copper particles (a) (manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil & Powder Co., Ltd., CU-HWQ Grade 1.5 ⁇ m, D50: 1 to 2 ⁇ m, Tap density: 3 to 4 g/cm 3 , spherical) (10 parts by mass) and polyethylene glycol 300 (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., PEG300) (1 part by mass) were mixed and stirred to obtain a sintered state. A timber was obtained.
- copper particles (a) (manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil & Powder Co., Ltd., CU-HWQ Grade 1.5 ⁇ m, D50: 1 to 2 ⁇ m, Tap density: 3 to 4 g/cm 3 , spherical) (10 parts by mass)
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the sintered material obtained above was cooled and freeze-fractured, and the fracture surface of the freeze-fractured product was observed. As a result, the average secondary particle diameter of the silver particles was 294 nm. Each individual silver particle aggregate was composed of silver particles having a primary particle diameter of 200 nm or less. The content ratio of silver particles (concentration of silver particles) in the sintered material to the total mass of the sintered material was 30% by mass.
- Example 5 ⁇ Production of Sintered Material, Production of Joined Body (Sintered Metal), and Evaluation of Joined Body (Sintered Metal)>> [Example 5]
- the laminate was finally heated to 200° C. and held at 200° C. for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 250° C. and held at 250° C. for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a bonded body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the bonded body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 6 When the metal sintered body was formed, the laminate was finally heated to 200°C and held at 200°C for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 300°C and held at 300°C for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a bonded body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the bonded body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 1 shows the results.
- Example 7 ⁇ Production of sintered materials>> The silver-containing composition (A) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. At room temperature, the silver-containing composition (A) obtained above (10 parts by mass) and copper particles (a) (manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil & Powder Co., Ltd., CU-HWQ Grade 1.5 ⁇ m, D50: 1 to 2 ⁇ m, Tap density: 3 to 4 g/cm 3 , spherical) (10 parts by mass), polyethylene glycol 300 (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., PEG300) (1 part by mass), and ascorbic acid (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. ) (0.1 parts by mass) were mixed and stirred to obtain a sintered material.
- copper particles (a) (manufactured by Fukuda Metal Foil & Powder Co., Ltd., CU-HWQ Grade 1.5 ⁇ m, D50
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the sintered material obtained above was cooled and freeze-fractured, and the fracture surface of the freeze-fractured product was observed. As a result, the average secondary particle diameter of the silver particles was 294 nm. Each individual silver particle aggregate was composed of silver particles having a primary particle diameter of 200 nm or less. The content ratio of silver particles (concentration of silver particles) in the sintered material to the total mass of the sintered material was 30% by mass.
- Example 8 ⁇ Production of Sintered Material, Production of Joined Body (Sintered Metal), and Evaluation of Joined Body (Sintered Metal)>> [Example 8]
- the laminate was finally heated to 200°C and held at 200°C for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 250°C and held at 250°C for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example 9 When the metal sintered body was formed, the laminate was finally heated to 200°C and held at 200°C for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 300°C and held at 300°C for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated.
- Table 2 shows the results.
- FIG. 6 shows imaging data obtained when the cross section of the joined body was observed by SEM-EDS.
- Example 10 When the metal sintered body was formed, the laminate was finally heated to 200° C. and held at 200° C. for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 350° C. and held at 350° C. for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
- Example 11 ⁇ Production of sintered material>> The silver-containing composition (A) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. At room temperature, the silver-containing composition (A) obtained above (20 parts by mass) and copper particles (b) (manufactured by Mitsui Kinzoku Co., Ltd., MA-C08JF, D50: 12 ⁇ m, tap density: 3 g / cm 3 , flake) (10 parts by mass), polyethylene glycol 300 (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., PEG300) (1 part by mass), and ascorbic acid (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (0.1 parts by weight) and were mixed and stirred to obtain a sintered material.
- a copper plate with a size of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm and a silicon chip with a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm and a square planar shape were prepared.
- a printed layer of the sintered material obtained above was formed with a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm by screen printing.
- the printed layer was preheated at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes in the atmosphere under no pressure (under normal pressure), and then the printed layer was heated.
- the silicon chip was placed on the object to be heated (preheated object). At this time, the silver layer included in the silicon chip was brought into contact with the heated material (preheated material) of the printed layer.
- the center of the object to be heated is aligned with the center of the silicon chip, and the outer circumference of the object to be heated and the silicon chip are aligned.
- the silicon chip was aligned so that the outer periphery and , were parallel to each other.
- the obtained laminate was heated from room temperature to 120°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min while applying a pressure of 2 MPa in the thickness direction, and the temperature was maintained at 120°C. Hold for 5 minutes, further heat the laminate from 120 ° C. to 190 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min, hold at 190 ° C. for 5 minutes, and further heat the laminate at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min.
- the heated material was fired by raising the temperature from 190° C. to 300° C. and maintaining the temperature at 300° C. for 60 minutes. During this time, the temperature was raised from room temperature, and the above pressure of 2 MPa was continuously applied to the laminate until the holding at 300° C.
- a metal sintered body having a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm was formed from the heated material. Then, the fired product obtained was allowed to cool to room temperature. As described above, a bonded body was obtained, which was configured by bonding a copper plate and a silicon chip having a titanium layer and a silver layer with a bonding portion made of a metal sintered body.
- Example 12 ⁇ Production of sintered material>> A sintered material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11.
- a metal sintered body having a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm was formed from the heated material. Then, the fired product obtained was allowed to cool to room temperature. As described above, a bonded body was obtained, which was configured by bonding a copper plate and a silicon chip having a titanium layer and a silver layer with a bonding portion made of a metal sintered body.
- Example 13 ⁇ Production of sintered materials>> A sintered material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11.
- the heated material was fired by raising the temperature from 190° C. to 200° C. and maintaining the temperature at 200° C. for 60 minutes. During this time, the temperature was raised from room temperature, and the pressure of 2 MPa was continued to be applied to the laminate until the holding at 200° C. for 60 minutes was completed. As a result, a metal sintered body having a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm was formed from the heated material. Then, the fired product obtained was allowed to cool to room temperature. As described above, a joined body was obtained in which a copper plate and a copper chip were joined together by a joining portion made of a metal sintered body.
- Example 14 ⁇ Production of Sintered Material, Production of Joined Body (Sintered Metal), and Evaluation of Joined Body (Sintered Metal)>> [Example 14]
- the laminate was finally heated to 200°C and held at 200°C for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 250°C and held at 250°C for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 3 shows the results.
- Example 15 When the metal sintered body was formed, the laminate was finally heated to 200° C. and held at 200° C. for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 280° C. and held at 280° C. for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body were produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 3 shows the results.
- Example 16 When the metal sintered body was formed, the laminate was finally heated to 200°C and held at 200°C for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 300°C and held at 300°C for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 3 shows the results.
- Example 17 When the metal sintered body was formed, the laminate was finally heated to 200° C. and held at 200° C. for 60 minutes, instead of being heated to 350° C. and held at 350° C. for 60 minutes.
- a sintered material and a joined body (metal sintered body) were produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the joined body (metal sintered body) was evaluated. Table 3 shows the results.
- Example 18 ⁇ Production of sintered material>> A sintered material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 11.
- a first copper plate having a size of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm was prepared. Further, as a DBC (Direct Bonded Copper) substrate, an aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) plate having a size of 32 mm ⁇ 32 mm and a thickness of 0.63 mm and having a square planar shape, and provided on both sides thereof, a second copper plate having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm, and having a square planar shape; , aluminum oxide so that the center of the aluminum oxide plate and the center of the two second copper plates are aligned, and the outer periphery of the aluminum oxide plate and the outer periphery of the two second copper plates are parallel A plate and two second copper plates aligned with each other were prepared.
- DBC Direct Bonded Copper
- a printed layer of the sintered material obtained above was formed on one surface of the first copper plate by screen printing, with a size of 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm and a thickness of 0.1 mm.
- the printed layer was preheated at 80 ° C. for 1 minute under atmospheric conditions and no pressure (under normal pressure).
- the DBC substrate was placed on the object to be heated (preheated object). At this time, one of the second copper plates in the DBC substrate was brought into contact with the heated material (preheated material) of the printed layer.
- the center of the object to be heated is aligned with the center of the DBC substrate, and the outer circumference of the object to be heated and the DBC substrate are aligned.
- the DBC substrate was aligned so that the outer periphery and the , were parallel to each other.
- the laminate was heated from room temperature to 80 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min, and then at 80 ° C. Hold for 20 minutes, further heat the laminate from 80 ° C. to 120 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min, hold it at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes, and further heat the laminate at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the temperature is raised from 120° C. to 190° C. and maintained at 190° C. for 20 minutes, and the laminate is further heated from 190° C. to 300° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min and maintained at 300° C. for 90 minutes.
- the heated material was baked. During this time, the temperature was raised from room temperature, and the pressure of 5 MPa was continuously applied to the laminate until the holding at 300° C. for 90 minutes was completed. As a result, a metal sintered body having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm was formed from the heated material. Then, the fired product obtained was allowed to cool to room temperature. As described above, a bonded body was obtained, which was configured by bonding the first copper plate and the DBC substrate with a bonding portion made of a metal sintered body.
- the sintered material contains silver particles, copper particles, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a reducing agent, the primary particle diameter of the silver particles is 200 nm or less, and the copper The particles had a D50 of 1-12 ⁇ m.
- Example 18 From the results of Examples 16 and 18, even if the joint surface of the metal member is widened, the sintered material containing copper particles can be used in the atmosphere without requiring high pressure. It was confirmed that a bonded body can be manufactured with sufficient bonding strength. In Example 18, the die shear strength of all 14 pieces was 18 MPa or more.
- the copper particles inside the bonded portion were present as they were in the form of particles, and the silver particles were fused to each other. It was confirmed that the silver particles in the state covered the surfaces of the copper particles and were in direct contact with the surface of the copper plate.
- the copper particles were confirmed as black particles, and the fused silver particles were confirmed as white regions surrounding the copper particles.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 a sintered material containing copper particles was used to manufacture a bonded body with sufficient bonding strength in the atmosphere without requiring high pressure. I didn't. In Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the sintered materials contained neither silver particles, nitrogen-containing compounds, nor reducing agents.
- the present invention can be used as a conductive joint, particularly as a semiconductor device.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年10月25日に日本に出願された特願2021-173794号、及び2022年10月6日に日本に出願された特願2022-161807号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
[2] 前記焼結材が、さらに、常温下で液状の液状成分を含有し、前記液状成分が、エーテル結合及び水酸基のいずれか一方又は両方を有する、[1]に記載の焼結材。
[3] 前記焼結材が、さらに、沸点が150℃以上の抗酸化性化合物を含有する、[1]又は[2]に記載の焼結材。
[5] 金属製部材同士が前記金属焼結体によって接合された金属接合体について、JIS C62137-1-2:2010に準拠して、横押しせん断強度試験を行ったとき、前記金属接合体の横押しせん断強度が20MPa以上である、[4]に記載の金属焼結体。
本発明の一実施形態に係る焼結材は、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を含有し、前記銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であり、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径(本明細書においては、「D50」と称することがある)が、1μm以上である。
本実施形態の焼結材は、1次粒子径が小さい銀粒子と、D50が比較的大きい銅粒子と、をともに含有していることにより、その保存中と、その焼成中での、銅粒子の表面における酸化層の形成が抑制され、大気下において、その高圧での加圧を必要とせずに、導電性部品(例えば、金属製部材)同士を焼成によって、十分な強度で接合できる。
前記銀粒子の1次粒子径は、200nm以下であり、例えば、150nm以下、100nm以下、及び50nm以下のいずれかであってもよい。銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であることで、大気下における前記焼結材の焼成時に、接合対象である導電性部品と前記焼結材を用いて得られた積層物に対して、高い圧力を加えなくても、金属焼結体(接合部)によって、導電性部品同士を十分な強度で接合できる。
前記銀含有化合物は、銀原子を有する無機化合物(無機銀化合物)と、銀原子を有する有機化合物(有機銀化合物)と、のいずれであってもよい。
このような銀含有化合物としては、例えば、式「-COOAg」で表される基を有するカルボン酸銀(カルボン酸の銀塩)が挙げられる。
<カルボン酸銀>
前記カルボン酸銀は、式「-COOAg」で表される基を有していれば特に限定されない。例えば、式「-COOAg」で表される基の数は1個のみであってもよいし、2個以上であってもよい。また、カルボン酸銀中の式「-COOAg」で表される基の位置も特に限定されない。
前記β-ケトカルボン酸銀としては、例えば、下記一般式(1)で表わされるβ-ケトカルボン酸銀(本明細書においては、「β-ケトカルボン酸銀(1)」と略記することがある)が挙げられる。
Y1はそれぞれ独立にフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子又は水素原子であり;R1は炭素数1~19の脂肪族炭化水素基又はフェニル基であり;R2は炭素数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基であり;R3は炭素数1~16の脂肪族炭化水素基であり;R4及びR5はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1~18の脂肪族炭化水素基であり;R6は炭素数1~19の脂肪族炭化水素基、水酸基又は式「AgO-」で表される基であり;
X1はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基、ハロゲン原子、1個以上の水素原子が置換基で置換されていてもよいフェニル基若しくはベンジル基、シアノ基、N-フタロイル-3-アミノプロピル基、2-エトキシビニル基、又は一般式「R7O-」、「R7S-」、「R7-C(=O)-」若しくは「R7-C(=O)-O-」で表される基であり;
R7は、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、チエニル基、又は1個以上の水素原子が置換基で置換されていてもよいフェニル基若しくはジフェニル基である。)
Rにおける環状の前記アルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基、シクロノニル基、シクロデシル基、ノルボルニル基、イソボルニル基、1-アダマンチル基、2-アダマンチル基、トリシクロデシル基等が挙げられる。
このような前記アルケニル基としては、例えば、ビニル基(エテニル基、-CH=CH2)、アリル基(2-プロペニル基、-CH2-CH=CH2)、1-プロペニル基(-CH=CH-CH3)、イソプロペニル基(-C(CH3)=CH2)、1-ブテニル基(-CH=CH-CH2-CH3)、2-ブテニル基(-CH2-CH=CH-CH3)、3-ブテニル基(-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2)、シクロヘキセニル基、シクロペンテニル基等が挙げられる。
このような前記アルキニル基としては、例えば、エチニル基(-C≡CH)、プロパルギル基(-CH2-C≡CH)等が挙げられる。
置換基である前記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、炭素数が1~16である点以外は、Rにおける前記脂肪族炭化水素基と同様のものが挙げられる。
RにおけるR2は、炭素数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基であり、例えば、Rにおける前記脂肪族炭化水素基と同様のものが挙げられる。
RにおけるR3は、炭素数1~16の脂肪族炭化水素基である。R3における前記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、炭素数が1~16である点以外は、Rにおける前記脂肪族炭化水素基と同様のものが挙げられる。
RにおけるR4及びR5は、それぞれ独立に炭素数1~18の脂肪族炭化水素基である。すなわち、R4及びR5は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、R4及びR5における前記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、炭素数が1~18である点以外は、Rにおける前記脂肪族炭化水素基と同様のものが挙げられる。
RにおけるR6は、炭素数1~19の脂肪族炭化水素基、水酸基又は式「AgO-」で表される基である。R6における前記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、炭素数が1~19である点以外は、Rにおける前記脂肪族炭化水素基と同様のものが挙げられる。
X1における炭素数1~20の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、Rにおける前記脂肪族炭化水素基と同様のものが挙げられる。
X1におけるフェニル基及びベンジル基は、1個以上の水素原子が置換基で置換されていてもよい。好ましい前記置換基としては、例えば、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、ニトロ基(-NO2)等が挙げられる。置換基を有する前記フェニル基及びベンジル基において、前記置換基の数及び位置は特に限定されない。そして、置換基の数が複数である場合、これら複数個の置換基は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
R7がチエニル基又はジフェニル基である場合、これらの、X1において隣接する基又は原子(酸素原子、硫黄原子、カルボニル基、カルボニルオキシ基)との結合位置は、特に限定されない。例えば、チエニル基は、2-チエニル基及び3-チエニル基のいずれでもよい。
前記β-ケトカルボン酸銀以外のカルボン酸銀としては、例えば、下記一般式(4)で表されるカルボン酸銀(本明細書においては、「カルボン酸銀(4)」と略記することがある)が挙げられる。
R8における前記脂肪族炭化水素基としては、炭素数が1~19である点以外は、Rにおける前記脂肪族炭化水素基と同様のものが挙げられる。ただし、R8における前記脂肪族炭化水素基は、炭素数が1~15であることが好ましく、1~10であることがより好ましい。
すなわち、銀粒子は、前記β-ケトカルボン酸銀若しくはシュウ酸銀の熱分解又は還元によって得られたものであることが好ましく、前記β-ケトカルボン酸銀(1)若しくはシュウ酸銀の熱分解又は還元によって得られたものであることがより好ましい。
本明細書において、「カルボン酸銀に由来する銀」とは、特に断りの無い限り、銀含有組成物の製造時に配合されたカルボン酸銀中の銀と同義であり、配合後も引き続きカルボン酸銀を構成している銀と、配合後にカルボン酸銀の分解で生じた分解物中の銀と、配合後にカルボン酸銀の熱分解又は還元によって生じた銀(銀粒子)と、のすべてを含む概念である。
前記含窒素化合物としては、例えば、炭素数25以下のアミン化合物が挙げられる。
前記アミン化合物は、炭素数が1~25であり、第1級アミン、第2級アミン及び第3級アミンのいずれであってもよい。
前記アミン化合物は、鎖状及び環状のいずれであってもよい。
前記アミン化合物において、アミン部位を構成する窒素原子(例えば、第1級アミンの場合には、アミノ基(-NH2)を構成する窒素原子)の数は1個であってもよいし、2個以上であってもよい。また、アミン化合物中の、アミン部位を構成する窒素原子の位置も、特に限定されない。
好ましい前記モノアルキルアミンとして、具体的には、例えば、n-ブチルアミン、n-へキシルアミン、n-オクチルアミン、n-ドデシルアミン、n-オクタデシルアミン、イソブチルアミン、sec-ブチルアミン、tert-ブチルアミン、3-アミノペンタン、3-メチルブチルアミン、2-ヘプチルアミン(2-アミノヘプタン)、2-アミノオクタン、2-エチルヘキシルアミン、1,2-ジメチル-n-プロピルアミン等が挙げられる。
前記ヘテロアリール基は、単環状及び多環状のいずれであってもよく、その環員数(環骨格を構成する原子の数)も特に限定されないが、3~12員環であることが好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、酸素原子を1個有する単環状のものとしては、例えば、フラニル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、3~8員環であることが好ましく、5~6員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、硫黄原子を1個有する単環状のものとしては、例えば、チエニル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、3~8員環であることが好ましく、5~6員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、酸素原子を1~2個及び窒素原子を1~3個有する単環状のものとしては、例えば、オキサゾリル基、イソオキサゾリル基、オキサジアゾリル基、モルホリニル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、3~8員環であることが好ましく、5~6員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、硫黄原子を1~2個及び窒素原子を1~3個有する単環状のものとしては、例えば、チアゾリル基、チアジアゾリル基、チアゾリジニル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、3~8員環であることが好ましく、5~6員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、窒素原子を1~5個有する多環状のものとしては、例えば、インドリル基、イソインドリル基、インドリジニル基、ベンズイミダゾリル基、キノリル基、イソキノリル基、インダゾリル基、ベンゾトリアゾリル基、テトラゾロピリジル基、テトラゾロピリダジニル基、ジヒドロトリアゾロピリダジニル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、7~12員環であることが好ましく、9~10員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、硫黄原子を1~3個有する多環状のものとしては、例えば、ジチアナフタレニル基、ベンゾチオフェニル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、7~12員環であることが好ましく、9~10員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、酸素原子を1~2個及び窒素原子を1~3個有する多環状のものとしては、例えば、ベンゾオキサゾリル基、ベンゾオキサジアゾリル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、7~12員環であることが好ましく、9~10員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ヘテロアリール基で、硫黄原子を1~2個及び窒素原子を1~3個有する多環状のものとしては、例えば、ベンゾチアゾリル基、ベンゾチアジアゾリル基等が挙げられ、このようなヘテロアリール基は、7~12員環であることが好ましく、9~10員環であることがより好ましい。
前記ジアミンは炭素数が1~10であることが好ましく、より好ましいものとしては、例えば、エチレンジアミン、1,3-ジアミノプロパン、1,4-ジアミノブタン等が挙げられる。
好ましい前記ジアルキルアミンとして、具体的には、例えば、N-メチル-n-ヘキシルアミン、ジイソブチルアミン、ジ(2-エチルへキシル)アミン等が挙げられる。
好ましい前記トリアルキルアミンとして、具体的には、例えば、N,N-ジメチル-n-オクタデシルアミン、N,N-ジメチルシクロヘキシルアミン等が挙げられる。
前記ジアルキルモノアリールアミンを構成するアリール基は、前記モノアリールアミンを構成するアリール基と同様であり、炭素数が6~10であることが好ましい。
環状アミンで好ましいものとして、例えば、ピリジン等が挙げられる。
また、置換基である前記アリール基及びアルキル基は、さらに1個以上の水素原子がハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい。このようなハロゲン原子で置換された置換基を有するモノアルキルアミンとしては、例えば、2-ブロモベンジルアミン等が挙げられる。ここで、前記ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられる。
前記還元剤は、特に限定されない。
銀含有組成物は、前記カルボン酸銀と、前記含窒素化合物と、前記還元剤と、のいずれにも該当しない他の成分(本明細書においては、「他の成分(ii)」と称することがある)が配合されていてもよい。
前記銀含有組成物は、前記カルボン酸銀(式「-COOAg」で表される基を有するカルボン酸銀)と、前記含窒素化合物と、前記還元剤と、を配合することで得られる。すなわち、前記銀含有組成物の製造方法は、前記カルボン酸銀と、前記含窒素化合物と、前記還元剤と、を配合して銀含有組成物を調製する工程を有する。
各成分の配合後は、得られたものをそのまま銀含有組成物としてもよいし、必要に応じて引き続き公知の後処理操作又は精製操作を行って得られたものを銀含有組成物としてもよい。
前記他の成分(ii)を配合する場合には、前記他の成分(ii)を、その種類に応じて適したタイミングで、配合すればよい。
また、各成分の配合時間も、各配合成分が劣化しない限り特に限定されないが、10分~36時間であることが好ましい。
上述の製造方法によれば、上述の平均2次粒子径を有する銀粒子を含有する銀含有組成物も得られる。銀粒子の平均2次粒子径も、各工程での撹拌条件等、銀含有組成物の製造条件を調節することによって、調節できる。
前記銅粒子の形状は特に限定されない。例えば、前記銅粒子は球形状(球形粒子)であってもよいし、フレーク状等の扁平形状(扁平粒子)であってもよい。
焼結材は、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、のいずれにも該当しない他の成分(本明細書においては、「他の成分(i)」と称することがある)を含有していてもよい。
焼結材が前記液状成分を含有していることで、接合体の接合強度がより大きくなる。
焼結材が前記抗酸化性化合物を含有していることで、接合部の内部の銅粒子など、接合部とその接合対象物のうち、銅で構成された部位の表面において、酸化層の形成を抑制することが可能となる。
焼結材が前記溶媒を含有していることで、焼結材の取り扱い性が向上することがある。
前記液状成分は、エーテル結合(-O-)及び水酸基(-OH)のいずれか一方又は両方を有し、かつ常温下で液状であれば、特に限定されない。
すなわち、液状成分としては、1個又は2個以上のエーテル結合を有し、水酸基を有しない液状成分(すなわちエーテル);1個又は2個以上の水酸基を有し、エーテル結合を有しない液状成分(すなわちアルコール);1個又は2個以上のエーテル結合及び1個又は2個以上の水酸基を共に有する液状成分(すなわちアルコールエーテル)が挙げられる。
液状成分である前記エーテルとしては、例えば、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
液状成分である前記アルコールとしては、例えば、エチレングリコール(EG)、1,2-ヘキサンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、1,8-オクタンジオール等が挙げられる。
液状成分である前記アルコールエーテルとしては、例えば、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノへキシルエーテル等が挙げられる。
焼結材が含有する、前記他の成分(他の成分(i))である抗酸化性化合物は、その沸点が150℃以上であれば、特に限定されない。
好ましい前記抗酸化性化合物としては、例えば、アスコルビン酸、トコフェロール、カテキン、イソフラボン、アントシアニン、フェルラ酸等が挙げられる。
前記溶媒は、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、前記液状成分(エーテル、アルコール、アルコールエーテル)と、前記抗酸化性化合物と、のいずれにも該当しない、常温で液状の成分であれば、特に限定されない。
本実施形態の好ましい焼結材の一例としては、焼結材であって、前記焼結材は、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を含有し、前記銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であり、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径が、1μm以上であり、
前記焼結材において、前記銅粒子の含有量が、前記銀粒子の含有量に対して、好ましくは0.3~2.5質量倍、より好ましくは0.5~2質量倍である、焼結材が挙げられる。
前記液状成分が、エーテル結合及び水酸基のいずれか一方又は両方を有し、
前記焼結材において、前記銅粒子の含有量が、前記銀粒子の含有量に対して、好ましくは0.3~2.5質量倍、より好ましくは0.5~2質量倍であり、
前記焼結材において、前記液状成分の含有量が、前記銅粒子の含有量に対して、0.05~0.15質量倍、0.07~0.13質量倍、及び0.09~0.11質量倍のいずれかである、焼結材が挙げられる。
このような焼結材において、前記液状成分は、エーテル、アルコール及びアルコールエーテルからなる群より選択される1種又は2種以上であることが好ましい。
前記液状成分が、エーテル結合及び水酸基のいずれか一方又は両方を有し、
前記抗酸化性化合物の沸点が150℃以上であり、
前記焼結材において、前記銅粒子の含有量が、前記銀粒子の含有量に対して、好ましくは0.3~2.5質量倍、より好ましくは0.5~2質量倍であり、
前記焼結材において、前記液状成分の含有量が、前記銅粒子の含有量に対して、0.05~0.15質量倍、0.07~0.13質量倍、及び0.09~0.11質量倍のいずれかであり、
前記焼結材において、前記抗酸化性化合物の含有量が、前記銅粒子の含有量に対して、0.005~0.015質量倍、0.007~0.013質量倍、及び0.009~0.011質量倍のいずれかである、焼結材が挙げられる。
このような焼結材において、前記液状成分は、エーテル、アルコール及びアルコールエーテルからなる群より選択される1種又は2種以上であることが好ましい。
このような焼結材において、前記抗酸化性化合物は、アスコルビン酸、トコフェロール、カテキン、イソフラボン、アントシアニン及びフェルラ酸からなる群より選択される1種又は2種以上であることが好ましい。
前記焼結材が、銀含有組成物と、前記銅粒子と、が配合されてなり、
前記銀含有組成物が、カルボン酸銀と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、が配合されてなり、
前記銀含有組成物において、前記含窒素化合物の配合量が、前記カルボン酸銀の配合量1モルあたり、0.1~5モル、0.1~3モル、0.2~2モル、及び0.2~1モルのいずれかであり、
前記銀含有組成物において、前記還元剤の配合量が、前記カルボン酸銀の配合量1モルあたり、0.2~5モル、0.3~3モル、0.4~2モル、及び0.4~1モルのいずれかであり、
前記焼結材において、前記銅粒子の配合量が、前記銀含有組成物の配合量に対して、0.3~1.5質量倍、0.6~1.5質量倍、0.9~1.5質量倍、0.3~1.2質量倍、及び0.3~0.9質量倍のいずれである、焼結材が挙げられる。
<<製造方法(1)>>
本実施形態の焼結材は、例えば、前記銀粒子と、前記銅粒子と、前記含窒素化合物と、前記還元剤と、必要に応じて前記他の成分(i)と、を配合することで得られる(本明細書においては、この製造方法を「製造方法(1)」と称することがある)。
すなわち、前記製造方法(1)は、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、必要に応じて前記他の成分(i)と、を配合する工程を有し、前記銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であり、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径(D50)が、1μm以上である。
前記他の成分(i)を配合する場合には、前記他の成分(i)を、その種類に応じて適したタイミングで、配合すればよい。
本実施形態の焼結材が前記銀含有組成物を用いたものである場合、焼結材は、先の説明のとおり、銀含有組成物と、前記銅粒子と、を配合することで得られる(本明細書においては、この製造方法を「製造方法(2)」と称することがある)。
すなわち、前記製造方法(2)は、前記カルボン酸銀(式「-COOAg」で表される基を有するカルボン酸銀)と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を配合して銀含有組成物を調製する工程と、前記銀含有組成物と、銅粒子と、を配合する工程と、を有し、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径(D50)は、1μm以上である。
製造方法(2)における「銀含有組成物を調製する工程」は、先に説明した「銀含有組成物を調製する工程」と同じである。
焼結材の製造時の混合方法は特に限定されず、例えば、上述の銀含有組成物の製造時の混合方法と同様であってよい。
前記他の成分(i)を配合する場合には、前記他の成分(i)を、その種類に応じて適したタイミングで、配合すればよい。
各成分の配合時間も、各配合成分が劣化しない限り特に限定されないが、10~60分であることが好ましい。
本発明の一実施形態に係る金属焼結体は、銀焼結層を有し、前記銀焼結層は銅粒子を含有し、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径(D50)が、1μm以上であり、前記銅粒子は、その表面に酸化層を有しない。
本実施形態の金属焼結体は、上述の本発明の一実施形態に係る焼結材を焼成することにより、得られる。
前記金属焼結体は、導電性部品同士を接合する導電性の接合部として利用できる。そして、前記焼結材を用いることで、大気下において前記焼結材の焼成時に、導電性部品と前記焼結材を用いて得られた積層物に対して、高い圧力を加えなくても、金属焼結体(接合部)によって、導電性部品同士を十分な強度で接合できる。
例えば、前記金属焼結体は、後述するように、導電性の第1部品と、導電性の第2部品とが、接合部を介して接合された接合体における、前記接合部として用いるのに好適である。このような接合体においては、前記第1部品又は第2部品と、接合部と、の間における剥離が抑制される。前記金属焼結体は、特に、基板上の電極と、半導体素子と、の接合部として用いるのに好適であり、250℃以上の高温での動作が想定される半導体装置を構成するのに、特に好適である。
接合体のダイシェア強度は、JIS C62137-1-2:2010(横押しせん断強度試験、IEC 62137-1-2:2007)に準拠して、測定できる。
ダイシェア強度(横押しせん断強度)の測定時には、接合体の破断面が、前記金属焼結体からなる接合部において生じるが、前記破断面は、ダイシェア強度の測定時に接合体に加えられている力の向きに対して、平行又はほぼ平行となる。
ただし、前記試験用接合体においては、前記銅チップの前記接合部側の面の全面を、接合部に接触させ、前記接合部の前記銅板側の面の全面を、銅板に接触させることが好ましい。
前記ダイシェア強度の上限値は、特に限定されない。金属焼結体をより容易に製造できる点では、前記ダイシェア強度は、60MPa以下であることが好ましい。
前記ダイシェア強度は、例えば、9~60MPa、20~60MPa、30~60MPa、及び40~60MPaのいずれかであってもよい。
例えば、前記金属焼結体の厚さは、1μm以上であることが好ましく、例えば、10μm以上、20μm以上、65μm以上、及び80μm以上のいずれかであってもよい。
一方、厚さが400μm以下である前記金属焼結体は、より容易に製造でき、厚さは300μm以下、及び200μm以下のいずれかであってもよい。
前記金属焼結体は、上述の本発明の一実施形態に係る焼結材を加熱(焼成)して、前記焼結材中の銀粒子同士を焼結させることにより、製造できる。
前記焼結材の焼成温度(焼結材を焼結させる温度)は、175℃以上、及び190℃以上のいずれかであってもよいが、240℃以上であることが好ましく、例えば、290℃以上であってもよい。前記焼成温度が前記下限値以上であることで、より高純度の金属焼結体が得られる。
上記と同様の理由で、前記焼結材が前記抗酸化性化合物を含有する場合には、前記焼結材の焼成温度(銀含有組成物を焼結させる温度)は、310℃以下であることが好ましく、例えば、175~310℃、190~310℃、及び240~310℃のいずれかであってもよい。
前記製造方法によれば、前記焼結材を用いることで、大気下において、焼結材の高圧での加圧を必要とせずに、導電性部品同士を焼成によって、十分な強度で接合できる。
この場合には、例えば、焼結材を、60℃以上の温度で固化させずに加熱することにより、焼結材の加熱物を得るときの加熱時間(後述する予備加熱時間)と、前記加熱物を焼成することにより、金属焼結体を得るときの焼成時間と、の合計時間が、先に説明した焼結材の焼成時間と、同様であってよい。また、前記加熱物を焼成することにより、金属焼結体を得るときの焼成温度が、先に説明した焼結材の焼成温度と、同様であってよい。また、前記加熱物を焼成することにより、金属焼結体を得るときに、接合対象である導電性部品と前記加熱物との積層物に対して加える圧力が、先に説明した焼結材の焼成時に、導電性部品と前記焼結材を用いて得られた積層物に対して加える圧力と、同様であってよい。また、大気下で焼結材から前記加熱物を得て、大気下で前記加熱物から金属焼結体を得てもよい。
前記焼結材を目的とする箇所に付着させる方法としては、例えば、印刷法、塗布法等の公知の方法が挙げられる。
前記金属焼結体は、例えば、はんだの代わりとして用いるのに好適であり、導電性の部品同士の接合部として用いるのに好適である。前記金属焼結体は、例えば、半導体の接合材料としても好適である。
すなわち、このような接合部を備えた接合体としては、導電性の第1部品(本明細書においては、単に「第1部品」と略記することがある)と、導電性の第2部品(本明細書においては、単に「第2部品」と略記することがある)とが、接合部を介して接合されて構成され、前記接合部が、上述の本発明の一実施形態に係る焼結材から形成された金属焼結体である導電性接合体、が挙げられる。
ここに示す接合体101は、導電性の第1部品2と、導電性の第2部品3とが、接合部1を介して接合され、構成されている。
接合部1は、上述の本発明の一実施形態に係る金属焼結体からなる。
第1部品2は、1層(単層)からなるものであってもよいし、2層以上の複数層からなるものであってもよい。第1部品2が複数層からなる場合、これら複数層は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、これら複数層の組み合わせは特に限定されない。
なお、本明細書においては、第1部品の場合に限らず、「複数層が互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい」とは、「すべての層が同一であってもよいし、すべての層が異なっていてもよいし、一部の層のみが同一であってもよい」ことを意味し、さらに「複数層が互いに異なる」とは、「各層の構成材料及び厚さの少なくとも一方が互いに異なる」ことを意味する。
第1部品2の厚さは、例えば、10~10000μmであってもよい。
第2部品3は、1層(単層)からなるものであってもよいし、2層以上の複数層からなるものであってもよい。第2部品3が複数層からなる場合、これら複数層は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、これら複数層の組み合わせは特に限定されない。
第2部品3の厚さは、例えば、0.05~10000μmであることが好ましく、0.05~500μmであってもよいし、500μm超10000μm以下であってもよい。
接合部1は、シート状、プレート状又はブロック状である。
接合部1は、1層(単層)からなるものであってもよいし、2層以上の複数層からなるものであってもよい。接合部1が複数層からなる場合、これら複数層は、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、これら複数層の組み合わせは特に限定されない。
接合部1が複数層からなる場合には、各層の合計の厚さが、先に説明した金属焼結体の厚さとなるようにするとよい。
前記接合体においては、例えば、1つの第1部品と、2つ以上の第2部品とが、1つの接合部によって接合されていてもよい。その場合、2つ以上の第2部品は、すべて同一であってもよいし、すべて異なっていてもよいし、一部のみ異なっていてもよい。
また、前記接合体においては、例えば、1つの第1部品と、2つ以上の第2部品とが、2つ以上の接合部によって接合されていてもよい。その場合、第2部品の数と、接合部の数とは、同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。また、2つ以上の第2部品は、すべて同一であってもよいし、すべて異なっていてもよいし、一部のみ異なっていてもよい。
ここで例示した、第1部品の数と、第2部品の数とは、逆であってもよい。
前記ダイシェア強度の上限値は、特に限定されない。金属焼結体をより容易に製造できる点では、前記ダイシェア強度は、60MPa以下であることが好ましい。
前記ダイシェア強度は、例えば、20~60MPa、30~60MPa、及び40~60MPaのいずれかであってもよい。
前記接合体で好ましいものとしては、例えば、基板と、前記基板に接合された半導体素子と、を備えた半導体装置であって、前記基板上に設けられた電極と、前記半導体素子とが、接合部(金属焼結体)によって接合されており、前記接合部が、上述の本発明の一実施形態に係る焼結材を用いて形成された金属焼結体である、半導体装置が挙げられる。
ここに示す半導体装置102は、基板20と、基板20に接合された半導体素子31と、を備えて、構成されている。
基板20の一方の面には、電極21が設けられており、電極21と、半導体素子31とが、接合部11によって接合されている。
接合部11は、前記焼結材を用いて形成された金属焼結体からなる。
基板20の厚さは、例えば、200~10000μmであってもよい。
電極21の厚さは、例えば、10~5000μmであってもよい。
半導体素子31の厚さは、例えば、50~800μmであってもよい。
接合部11の厚さは、例えば、10~200μmであってもよい。
前記接合体は、例えば、前記第1部品と、前記第2部品と、のいずれか一方又は両方の表面に付着している前記焼結材を、60℃以上の温度で固化させずに加熱することにより、前記焼結材の加熱物を得る工程(本明細書においては、「予備加熱工程」と称することがある)と、大気下において、前記加熱物を介在させて、前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを接触させながら、前記加熱物を焼成することにより、前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを、前記加熱物から形成された金属焼結体によって接合する工程(本明細書においては、「接合工程」と称することがある)と、を有する製造方法により、製造できる。
すなわち、本発明の一実施形態に係る接合体の製造方法において、前記接合体は、導電性の第1部品と、導電性の第2部品とが、接合部を介して接合されて構成され、前記接合部が金属焼結体であり、前記製造方法は、前記第1部品と、前記第2部品と、のいずれか一方又は両方の表面に付着している焼結材を、60℃以上の温度で固化させずに加熱することにより、前記焼結材の加熱物を得る工程と、大気下において、前記加熱物を介在させて、前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを接触させながら、前記加熱物を焼成することにより、前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを、前記加熱物から形成された前記金属焼結体によって接合する工程と、を有し、前記焼結材が、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を含有し、前記銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であり、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径(D50)が、1μm以上である。
予備加熱工程においては、加熱中の焼結材を介在させて、第1部品と第2部品とが接触(一体化)した状態とはしない。
図3A以降の図において、既に説明済みの図に示すものと同じ構成要素には、その説明済みの図の場合と同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
図3A~図3Dにおいては、前記第1部品の表面のみに、前記焼結材を付着させて、前記予備加熱工程を行うことで、図1に示す接合体101を製造する場合について、示している。
次いで、前記接合工程において、図3Cに示すように、大気下において、加熱物100を介在させて、第1部品2と第2部品3とを接触させながら、加熱物100を焼成する。このとき、第1部品2と、第2部品3と、加熱物100と、の積層物に対して加える圧力は、第1部品2側から加える圧力P1と、第2部品3側から加える圧力P2と、のいずれか一方又は両方とすることができるが、いずれの場合であっても、先の説明のとおり、前記積層物に対して高い圧力を加えなくても、第1部品2と第2部品3を十分な強度で接合できる。そして、このように加熱物100を焼成することにより、図3Dに示すように、第1部品2と第2部品3とを、加熱物100から形成された接合部(金属焼結体)1によって接合する。
以上により、図1に示す接合体101が得られる。
図4A~図4Dにおいては、前記第2部品の表面のみに、前記焼結材を付着させて、前記予備加熱工程を行うことで、図1に示す接合体101と同様の構成の接合体103を製造する場合について、示している。
次いで、前記接合工程において、図4Cに示すように、大気下において、加熱物100を介在させて、第1部品2と第2部品3とを接触させながら、加熱物100を焼成する。このとき、第1部品2と、第2部品3と、加熱物100と、の積層物に対して加える圧力は、第1部品2側から加える圧力P1と、第2部品3側から加える圧力P2と、のいずれか一方又は両方とすることができるが、いずれの場合であっても、先の説明のとおり、前記積層物に対して高い圧力を加えなくても、第1部品2と第2部品3を十分な強度で接合できる。そして、このように加熱物100を焼成することにより、図4Dに示すように、第1部品2と第2部品3とを、加熱物100から形成された接合部(金属焼結体)1によって接合する。
以上により、接合体103が得られる。接合体103は、接合部(金属焼結体)1の大きさが異なる点を除けば、図1に示す接合体101と同じである。
図5A~図5Dにおいては、第1部品と第2部品の両方の表面に、前記焼結材を付着させて、前記予備加熱工程を行うことで、図1に示す接合体101と同様の構成の接合体104を製造する場合について、示している。
次いで、前記接合工程において、図5Cに示すように、第1加熱物1100と第2加熱物1200を接触させ、大気下において、第1加熱物1100と第2加熱物1200を介在させて、第1部品2と第2部品3とを接触させながら、第1加熱物1100と第2加熱物1200を焼成する。このとき、第1部品2と、第2部品3と、第1加熱物1100と、第2加熱物1200と、の積層物に対して加える圧力は、第1部品2側から加える圧力P1と、第2部品3側から加える圧力P2と、のいずれか一方又は両方とすることができる。そして、いずれの場合であっても、先の説明のとおり、前記積層物に対して高い圧力を加えなくても、第1部品2と第2部品3を十分な強度で接合できる。そして、このように第1加熱物1100と第2加熱物1200を焼成することにより、図5Dに示すように、第1部品2と第2部品3とを、第1加熱物1100と第2加熱物1200から形成された接合部(金属焼結体)12によって接合する。接合部12は、ここに示すように、第1加熱物1100から形成された第1接合部(第1金属焼結体)121と、第2加熱物1200から形成された第2接合部(第2金属焼結体)122と、の2層構造として認識できることもあるし、このような2層構造として認識できずに、図4Dに示すような単層構造として認識できることもある。
以上により、図4Dに示すものと同様の接合体104が得られる。
前記接合体のうち、前記半導体装置は、上述の接合体の製造方法において、第1部品として電極を用い、第2部品として半導体素子を用いることにより、製造できる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る接合体は、導電性の第1部品と、導電性の第2部品とが、接合部を介して接合されて構成され、前記接合部が金属焼結体であり、前記金属焼結体は、銀焼結層を有し、前記銀焼結層は銅粒子を含有し、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径が、1μm以上であり、前記第1部品と、前記第2部品と、の両方の接合面の面積が、625mm2以上であり、前記第1部品と前記第2部品が、銅製、銀製、アルミニウム製、金製又はニッケル製であり、前記接合体を、前記第1部品と、前記第2部品と、前記接合部とを含む、大きさが5mm×5mmの小片に切断し、前記小片について、JIS C62137-1-2:2010に準拠して、横押しせん断強度試験を行ったとき、前記小片の横押しせん断強度が18MPa以上である(本明細書においては、この接合体を「接合体(Z)」と称することがある)。
例えば、前記接合体(Z)においては、前記銅粒子は、その表面に酸化層を有しないことが好ましい。
前記小片は、先に説明した本発明の一実施形態に係る接合体でもある。
前記接合体(Z)においては、作製可能な最大数の30%以上の数の前記小片の前記ダイシェア強度(横押しせん断強度)が、18MPa以上であることが好ましく、作製可能な最大数の前記小片の前記ダイシェア強度が、18MPa以上であることがより好ましい。
前記接合体(Z)の製造がより容易である点では、前記接合面の面積は、例えば、1225mm2以下であってもよい。
前記接合面の面積は、例えば、625~1225mm2、675~1225mm2、725~1225mm2、780mm2~1225mm2、及び840~1225mm2のいずれかであってもよい。
前記小片のダイシェア強度の上限値は、特に限定されない。金属焼結体をより容易に製造できる点では、前記小片のダイシェア強度は、60MPa以下であることが好ましい。
前記小片のダイシェア強度は、例えば、18~60MPa、30~60MPa、及び40~60MPaのいずれかであってもよい。
前記小片のダイシェア強度(横押しせん断強度)は、上述の試験用接合体のダイシェア強度(横押しせん断強度)の場合と同じ方法で測定できる。
<<焼結材の製造>>
<銀含有組成物の製造>
ビーカー中に2-エチルヘキシルアミン(後述する2-メチルアセト酢酸銀に対して0.4倍モル量)を加え、ここへ、液温が40℃以下となるように2-メチルアセト酢酸銀(52.9g)を加えて、得られたものを、メカニカルスターラーを回転させて、15分撹拌した。
次いで、得られた撹拌液に、液温が60℃以下となるように、ギ酸(2-メチルアセト酢酸銀に対して0.65倍モル量)を10分かけて滴下し、得られたものを、さらに26℃で1.5時間撹拌した。
以上により、銀含有組成物(A)を得た。
得られた銀含有組成物(A)をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した結果、銀含有組成物(A)が2-エチルヘキシルアミン及びギ酸を含有していることを確認できた。また、銀含有組成物(A)が銀粒子を含有していることも確認できた。銀含有組成物(A)の総質量に対する、銀含有組成物(A)中の2-メチルアセト酢酸銀に由来する銀の合計質量の割合は、63質量%であった。
常温下で、上記で得られた銀含有組成物(A)(10質量部)と、銅粒子(a)(福田金属箔粉工業社製、CU-HWQ Grade1.5μm、D50:1~2μm、タップ密度:3~4g/cm3、球状)(10質量部)と、を混合し、5分撹拌することで、焼結材を得た。
大きさが10mm×10mmで、厚さが0.8mmの銅板と、大きさが3mm×3mmで、厚さが0.8mmの、平面形状が正方形の銅チップと、を準備した。
前記銅板の一方の面上に、スクリーン印刷法によって、上記で得られた焼結材の、大きさが3mm×3mmで、厚さが0.1mmの印刷層を形成した。
次いで、プログラムホットプレート(AS ONE社製)を用いて、大気下、無加圧下(常圧下)の条件で、80℃で2分、前記印刷層の予備加熱を行った後、前記印刷層の加熱物(予備加熱物)上に、前記銅チップを載せた。このとき、これらを上方から見下ろして平面視した状態で、前記加熱物の中心と、銅チップの中心と、を一致させ、さらに、加熱物の外周と、銅チップの外周と、が平行となるように、銅チップを位置合わせした。
次いで、得られた焼成物を室温まで放冷した。
以上により、銅板と銅チップが、金属焼結体からなる接合部によって接合されて構成された、接合体を得た。
<ダイシェア強度の測定>
上記で得られた接合体について、試験機(Dage社製「ボンドテスター4000」)を用いて、JIS C62137-1-2:2010(横押しせん断強度試験、IEC 62137-1-2:2007)に準拠して、ダイシェア強度を測定した。より具体的には、前記試験機のせん断ツールを用いて、前記接合体を破断させ、破断時の最大荷重を測定した。この測定値を、前記接合体での接合箇所の面積(すなわち、3mm×3mm)で除して、得られた値を前記接合体のダイシェア強度として採用した。そして、前記接合体のダイシェア強度が40MPa以上である場合には「A」と判定し、20MPa以上40MPa未満である場合には「B」と判定し、0MPa超20MPa未満である場合には「C」と判定し、全く接合していない(ダイシェア強度が0MPaである)場合には「D」と判定した。その結果を、ダイシェア強度の算出値と共に表1に示す。
イオンミリング装置(日立ハイテク社製「IM4000PLUS」)を用いて、上記で得られた3個の接合体において断面を作製し、SEM-EDS(走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)中で行うエネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDS))、及びTEM-EDS(透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)中で行うエネルギー分散型X線分光法(EDS))により、前記断面を観察した。そして、接合部の内部の銅粒子の表面と、銅板の表面における、酸素(換言すると酸化層)の有無を確認した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例2]
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、250℃まで昇温し、そのまま250℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、300℃まで昇温し、そのまま300℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
<<焼結材の製造>>
実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、前記銀含有組成物(A)を得た。
常温下で、上記で得られた銀含有組成物(A)(10質量部)と、銅粒子(a)(福田金属箔粉工業社製、CU-HWQ Grade1.5μm、D50:1~2μm、タップ密度:3~4g/cm3、球状)(10質量部)と、ポリエチレングリコール300(富士フイルム和光純薬社製、PEG300)(1質量部)と、を混合し、撹拌することで、焼結材を得た。
上記で得られた焼結材を用いた点以外は、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例5]
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、250℃まで昇温し、そのまま250℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例4の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、300℃まで昇温し、そのまま300℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例4の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
<<焼結材の製造>>
実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、前記銀含有組成物(A)を得た。
常温下で、上記で得られた銀含有組成物(A)(10質量部)と、銅粒子(a)(福田金属箔粉工業社製、CU-HWQ Grade1.5μm、D50:1~2μm、タップ密度:3~4g/cm3、球状)(10質量部)と、ポリエチレングリコール300(富士フイルム和光純薬社製、PEG300)(1質量部)と、アスコルビン酸(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)(0.1質量部)と、を混合し、撹拌することで、焼結材を得た。
上記で得られた焼結材を用いた点以外は、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
[実施例8]
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、250℃まで昇温し、そのまま250℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例7の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、300℃まで昇温し、そのまま300℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例7の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
また、接合体の断面をSEM-EDSにより観察したときに取得した撮像データを、図6に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、350℃まで昇温し、そのまま350℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例7の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
<<焼結材の製造>>
実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、前記銀含有組成物(A)を得た。
常温下で、上記で得られた銀含有組成物(A)(20質量部)と、銅粒子(b)(三井金属鉱業社製、MA-C08JF、D50:12μm、タップ密度:3g/cm3、フレーク状)(10質量部)と、ポリエチレングリコール300(富士フイルム和光純薬社製、PEG300)(1質量部)と、アスコルビン酸(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)(0.1質量部)と、を混合し、撹拌することで、焼結材を得た。
大きさが10mm×10mmで、厚さが0.8mmの銅板と、大きさが3mm×3mmで、厚さが0.5mmの、平面形状が正方形のシリコンチップと、を準備した。
シリコンチップの接合面となる表面に、厚さ100nmのチタン層と、厚さ1μmの銀層と、をシリコンチップ側からこの順に、スパッタリング法によって形成した。
前記銅板の一方の面上に、スクリーン印刷法によって、上記で得られた焼結材の、大きさが3mm×3mmで、厚さが0.1mmの印刷層を形成した。
次いで、プログラムホットプレート(AS ONE社製)を用いて、大気下、無加圧下(常圧下)の条件で、80℃で2分、前記印刷層の予備加熱を行った後、前記印刷層の加熱物(予備加熱物)上に、前記シリコンチップを載せた。このとき、シリコンチップが備えている前記銀層を、前記印刷層の加熱物(予備加熱物)に接触させた。また、これら(シリコンチップ及び前記加熱物)を上方から見下ろして平面視した状態で、前記加熱物の中心と、シリコンチップの中心と、を一致させ、さらに、加熱物の外周と、シリコンチップの外周と、が平行となるように、シリコンチップを位置合わせした。
次いで、得られた焼成物を室温まで放冷した。
以上により、銅板と、チタン層及び銀層を備えたシリコンチップとが、金属焼結体からなる接合部によって接合されて構成された、接合体を得た。
上記で得られた接合体(金属焼結体)を、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で評価した。結果を表2に示す。
また、接合体の断面をSEM-EDSにより観察したときに取得した撮像データを、図7に示す。
<<焼結材の製造>>
実施例11の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材を得た。
前記印刷層の予備加熱を、80℃で2分行うのに代えて、80℃で1分行った点以外は、実施例11の場合と同じ方法で、銅板と、前記印刷層の加熱物(予備加熱物)と、チタン層及び銀層を備えたシリコンチップと、の積層物を得た。
次いで、大気下、得られた積層物に対して、その厚さ方向に2MPaの圧力を加えながら、昇温速度5℃/minで積層物を室温から120℃まで昇温し、そのまま120℃で5分保持し、さらに、昇温速度5℃/minで積層物を120℃から180℃まで昇温し、そのまま180℃で60分保持することにより、前記加熱物を焼成した。この間、室温から昇温して、180℃での60分の保持が終了するまで、積層物に対しては、上述の2MPaの圧力を加え続けた。これにより、前記加熱物から、大きさが3mm×3mmの金属焼結体を形成した。
次いで、得られた焼成物を室温まで放冷した。
以上により、銅板と、チタン層及び銀層を備えたシリコンチップとが、金属焼結体からなる接合部によって接合されて構成された、接合体を得た。
上記で得られた接合体(金属焼結体)を、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で評価した。結果を表3に示す。
<<焼結材の製造>>
実施例11の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材を得た。
前記印刷層の予備加熱を、80℃で2分行うのに代えて、80℃で1分行った点以外は、実施例11の場合と同じ方法で、銅板と、前記印刷層の加熱物(予備加熱物)と、チタン層及び銀層を備えたシリコンチップと、の積層物を得た。
次いで、大気下、得られた積層物に対して、その厚さ方向に2MPaの圧力を加えながら、昇温速度5℃/minで積層物を室温から120℃まで昇温し、そのまま120℃で5分保持し、さらに、昇温速度5℃/minで積層物を120℃から190℃まで昇温し、そのまま190℃で5分保持し、さらに、昇温速度5℃/minで積層物を190℃から200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持することにより、前記加熱物を焼成した。この間、室温から昇温して、200℃での60分の保持が終了するまで、積層物に対しては、上述の2MPaの圧力を加え続けた。これにより、前記加熱物から、大きさが3mm×3mmの金属焼結体を形成した。
次いで、得られた焼成物を室温まで放冷した。
以上により、銅板と銅チップが、金属焼結体からなる接合部によって接合されて構成された、接合体を得た。
上記で得られた接合体(金属焼結体)を、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で評価した。結果を表3に示す。
[実施例14]
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、250℃まで昇温し、そのまま250℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例13の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、280℃まで昇温し、そのまま280℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例13の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、300℃まで昇温し、そのまま300℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例13の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、350℃まで昇温し、そのまま350℃で60分保持した点以外は、実施例13の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
<<焼結材の製造>>
実施例11の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材を得た。
大きさが50mm×50mmで、厚さが0.8mmの第1銅板を準備した。また、DBC(Direct Bonded Copper)基板として、大きさが32mm×32mmで、厚さが0.63mmの、平面形状が正方形の酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)板と、その両面に設けられた、大きさが30mm×30mmで、厚さが0.3mmの、平面形状が正方形の第2銅板と、を備え、これら酸化アルミニウム板と第2銅板を、これらの上方から見下ろして平面視した状態で、酸化アルミニウム板の中心と、2枚の第2銅板の中心と、が一致し、さらに、酸化アルミニウム板の外周と、2枚の第2銅板の外周と、が平行となるように、酸化アルミニウム板と、2枚の第2銅板と、が位置合わせされたものを準備した。
前記第1銅板の一方の面上に、スクリーン印刷法によって、上記で得られた焼結材の、大きさが30mm×30mmで、厚さが0.1mmの印刷層を形成した。
次いで、プログラムホットプレート(AS ONE社製)を用いて、大気下、無加圧下(常圧下)の条件で、80℃で1分、前記印刷層の予備加熱を行った後、前記印刷層の加熱物(予備加熱物)上に、前記DBC基板を載せた。このとき、DBC基板中の一方の第2銅板を、前記印刷層の加熱物(予備加熱物)に接触させた。また、これら(DBC基板及び前記加熱物)を上方から見下ろして平面視した状態で、前記加熱物の中心と、DBC基板の中心と、を一致させ、さらに、加熱物の外周と、DBC基板の外周と、が平行となるように、DBC基板を位置合わせした。
次いで、得られた焼成物を室温まで放冷した。
以上により、第1銅板と、DBC基板とが、金属焼結体からなる接合部によって接合されて構成された、接合体を得た。
<ダイシェア強度の測定>
上記で得られた接合体を、大きさが5mm×5mmの、平面形状が正方形の、36枚の小片に切断した。
これら36枚の小片から、無作為に14枚の小片を選別し、これら14枚の小片(接合体)について、実施例1における接合体の場合と同じ方法で、ダイシェア強度を算出し、それらの平均値を前記接合体のダイシェア強度として採用した。結果を表4に示す。
<<焼結材の製造>>
常温下で、銅粒子(a)(福田金属箔粉工業社製、CU-HWQ Grade1.5μm、D50:1~2μm、タップ密度:3~4g/cm3、球状)(10質量部)と、ポリエチレングリコール300(富士フイルム和光純薬社製、PEG300)(1質量部)と、アスコルビン酸(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)(0.1質量部)と、を混合し、撹拌することで、焼結材を得た。
上記で得られた焼結材を用いた点以外は、実施例1の場合と同じ方法で、接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、評価した。結果を表4に示す。
[比較例2]
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、250℃まで昇温し、そのまま250℃で60分保持した点以外は、比較例1の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表4に示す。
金属焼結体の形成時に、前記積層物を最後に200℃まで昇温し、そのまま200℃で60分保持するのに代えて、300℃まで昇温し、そのまま300℃で60分保持した点以外は、比較例1の場合と同じ方法で、焼結材及び接合体(金属焼結体)を製造し、接合体(金属焼結体)を評価した。結果を表4に示す。
実施例1~18においては、焼結材が、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を含有しており、銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であり、銅粒子のD50が1~12μmであった。
なお、実施例18においては、14枚のすべての小片の前記ダイシェア強度が、18MPa以上であった。
比較例1~3においては、焼結材が、銀粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、をいずれも含有していなかった。
10・・・焼結材、110・・・第1焼結材、120・・・第2焼結材、
100・・・焼結材の加熱物、1100・・・第1焼結材の加熱物(第1加熱物)、1200・・・第2焼結材の加熱物(第2加熱物)、
2・・・導電性の第1部品、2a・・・導電性の第1部品の一方の表面、
20・・・基板、21・・・電極、
3・・・導電性の第2部品、3a・・・導電性の第2部品の一方の表面、
31・・・半導体素子、
101,103,104・・・接合体、102・・・半導体装置
Claims (8)
- 焼結材であって、
前記焼結材は、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を含有し、
前記銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であり、
レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径が、1μm以上である、焼結材。 - 前記焼結材が、さらに、常温下で液状の液状成分を含有し、
前記液状成分が、エーテル結合及び水酸基のいずれか一方又は両方を有する、請求項1に記載の焼結材。 - 前記焼結材が、さらに、沸点が150℃以上の抗酸化性化合物を含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の焼結材。
- 金属焼結体であって、
前記金属焼結体は、銀焼結層を有し、
前記銀焼結層は銅粒子を含有し、
レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径が、1μm以上であり、
前記銅粒子は、その表面に酸化層を有しない、金属焼結体。 - 金属製部材同士が前記金属焼結体によって接合された金属接合体について、JIS C62137-1-2:2010に準拠して、横押しせん断強度試験を行ったとき、前記金属接合体の横押しせん断強度が20MPa以上である、請求項4に記載の金属焼結体。
- 焼結材の製造方法であって、
前記製造方法は、式「-COOAg」で表される基を有するカルボン酸銀と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を配合して銀含有組成物を調製する工程と、前記銀含有組成物と、銅粒子と、を配合する工程と、を有し、
レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径が、1μm以上である、焼結材の製造方法。 - 接合体の製造方法であって、
前記接合体は、導電性の第1部品と、導電性の第2部品とが、接合部を介して接合されて構成され、前記接合部が金属焼結体であり、
前記製造方法は、前記第1部品と、前記第2部品と、のいずれか一方又は両方の表面に付着している焼結材を、60℃以上の温度で固化させずに加熱することにより、前記焼結材の加熱物を得る工程と、大気下において、前記加熱物を介在させて、前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを接触させながら、前記加熱物を焼成することにより、前記第1部品と前記第2部品とを、前記加熱物から形成された前記金属焼結体によって接合する工程と、を有し、
前記焼結材が、銀粒子と、銅粒子と、含窒素化合物と、還元剤と、を含有し、
前記銀粒子の1次粒子径が200nm以下であり、
レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径が、1μm以上である、接合体の製造方法。 - 接合体であって、
前記接合体は、導電性の第1部品と、導電性の第2部品とが、接合部を介して接合されて構成され、前記接合部が金属焼結体であり、
前記金属焼結体は、銀焼結層を有し、
前記銀焼結層は銅粒子を含有し、
レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定によって測定された、前記銅粒子の体積基準での50%累積時の粒子径が、1μm以上であり、
前記第1部品と、前記第2部品と、の両方の接合面の面積が、625mm2以上であり、
前記第1部品と前記第2部品が、銅製、銀製、アルミニウム製、金製又はニッケル製であり、
前記接合体を、前記第1部品と、前記第2部品と、前記接合部とを含む、大きさが5mm×5mmの小片に切断し、前記小片について、JIS C62137-1-2:2010に準拠して、横押しせん断強度試験を行ったとき、前記小片の横押しせん断強度が18MPa以上である、接合体。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280070882.1A CN118159373A (zh) | 2021-10-25 | 2022-10-21 | 烧结材料、金属烧结体、烧结材料的制造方法、接合体的制造方法、以及接合体 |
| EP22886907.9A EP4424441A4 (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2022-10-21 | SINTERED MATERIAL, METAL SINTERED COMPACT, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SINTERED MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING JOINED BODY AND JOINED BODY |
| US18/643,068 US20240278321A1 (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2024-04-23 | Sintered material, metal sintered compact, method for producing sintered material, method for producing joined body, and joined body |
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| JP2021-173794 | 2021-10-25 | ||
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| JP2022161807A JP2023064058A (ja) | 2021-10-25 | 2022-10-06 | 焼結材、金属焼結体、焼結材の製造方法、接合体の製造方法、及び接合体 |
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| US18/643,068 Continuation US20240278321A1 (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2024-04-23 | Sintered material, metal sintered compact, method for producing sintered material, method for producing joined body, and joined body |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4424441A1 (en) | 2024-09-04 |
| US20240278321A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 |
| EP4424441A4 (en) | 2025-07-02 |
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