WO2022190793A1 - ゼオライト膜複合体、分離装置、膜反応装置およびゼオライト膜複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
ゼオライト膜複合体、分離装置、膜反応装置およびゼオライト膜複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022190793A1 WO2022190793A1 PCT/JP2022/006116 JP2022006116W WO2022190793A1 WO 2022190793 A1 WO2022190793 A1 WO 2022190793A1 JP 2022006116 W JP2022006116 W JP 2022006116W WO 2022190793 A1 WO2022190793 A1 WO 2022190793A1
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- zeolite membrane
- zeolite
- etl
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- membrane composite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0051—Inorganic membrane manufacture by controlled crystallisation, e,.g. hydrothermal growth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/108—Inorganic support material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
- C01B39/48—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D17/00—Rubidium, caesium or francium compounds
- C01D17/003—Compounds of alkali metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a zeolite membrane composite, a separation device, a membrane reactor, and a method for producing a zeolite membrane composite.
- the present invention is directed to a zeolite membrane composite, and aims to provide a zeolite membrane composite having an ETL-type zeolite membrane with improved compactness.
- a zeolite membrane composite according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a porous support and a zeolite membrane made of ETL-type zeolite provided on the support.
- a zeolite membrane composite having an ETL-type zeolite membrane with improved compactness can be provided.
- the zeolite membrane has a silicon/aluminum molar ratio of 3 or more.
- the permeation amount of CF 4 gas in the zeolite membrane is 10 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa or less.
- a separation apparatus includes the above-described zeolite membrane composite, and a supply section that supplies a mixed substance containing multiple types of gases or liquids to the zeolite membrane composite.
- the zeolite membrane composite separates the highly permeable substances in the mixed substance from other substances by permeating them.
- a membrane reactor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the above-described zeolite membrane composite, a catalyst that promotes chemical reactions of raw materials, a reactor that accommodates the zeolite membrane composite and the catalyst, and the raw material a supply for supplying material to the reactor.
- the zeolite membrane composite is a mixed substance containing a product substance produced by the chemical reaction of the raw material in the presence of the catalyst, and by permeating a highly permeable substance with high permeability, To separate.
- the present invention is also directed to a method for producing a zeolite membrane composite.
- a method for producing a zeolite membrane composite according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of: a) attaching seed crystals made of ETL-type zeolite to a porous support; and b) adding the support to a raw material solution. and forming a zeolite membrane on the support by immersing and growing an ETL-type zeolite from the seed crystal by hydrothermal synthesis.
- the silicon/aluminum molar ratio is 10-100
- the alkali metal/aluminum molar ratio is 15-100
- the water/aluminum molar ratio is 2000-10000.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a zeolite membrane composite
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of the zeolite membrane composite.
- FIG. 2 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from the surface of a zeolite membrane
- 4 is an SEM image showing the surface of a zeolite membrane.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the production flow of a zeolite membrane composite.
- FIG. 3 shows a separation device;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of separation of mixed substances;
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the zeolite membrane composite 1.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged part of the zeolite membrane composite 1.
- FIG. A zeolite membrane composite 1 includes a porous support 11 and a zeolite membrane 12 provided on the support 11 .
- the zeolite membrane is at least one in which zeolite is formed in the form of a membrane on the surface of the support 11, and does not include an organic membrane in which zeolite particles are simply dispersed.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is drawn with a thick line.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is hatched.
- the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 is drawn thicker than it actually is.
- the support 11 is a porous member that is permeable to gas and liquid.
- the support 11 is a monolithic type in which a plurality of through-holes 111 extending in the longitudinal direction (that is, the left-right direction in FIG. 1) are provided in an integrally formed columnar main body. a support.
- the support 11 is substantially cylindrical.
- a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of each through-hole 111 (that is, cell) is, for example, substantially circular.
- the diameter of the through-holes 111 is drawn larger than the actual number, and the number of the through-holes 111 is drawn smaller than the actual number.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 111 and covers substantially the entire inner peripheral surface of the through hole 111 .
- the length of the support 11 (that is, the length in the horizontal direction in FIG. 1) is, for example, 10 cm to 200 cm.
- the outer diameter of the support 11 is, for example, 0.5 cm to 30 cm.
- the distance between the central axes of adjacent through holes 111 is, for example, 0.3 mm to 10 mm.
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the support 11 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the support 11 may be, for example, a honeycomb shape, a flat plate shape, a tubular shape, a cylindrical shape, a columnar shape, a polygonal columnar shape, or the like. When the shape of the support 11 is tubular or cylindrical, the thickness of the support 11 is, for example, 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
- the support 11 is made of a ceramic sintered body.
- Ceramic sintered bodies selected as the material for the support 11 include, for example, alumina, silica, mullite, zirconia, titania, yttria, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
- support 11 contains at least one of alumina, silica and mullite.
- the support 11 may contain an inorganic binder. At least one of titania, mullite, sinterable alumina, silica, glass frit, clay mineral, and sinterable cordierite can be used as the inorganic binder.
- the average pore size of the support 11 is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the average pore size of the support 11 near the surface where the zeolite membrane 12 is formed is 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- Average pore size can be measured, for example, by a mercury porosimeter, a perm porometer or a nanoperm porometer.
- D5 is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
- D50 is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m
- D95 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m. be.
- the porosity of the support 11 near the surface where the zeolite membrane 12 is formed is, for example, 20% to 60%.
- the support 11 has, for example, a multi-layer structure in which multiple layers with different average pore diameters are laminated in the thickness direction.
- the average pore size and sintered grain size in the surface layer including the surface on which the zeolite membrane 12 is formed are smaller than the average pore size and sintered grain size in layers other than the surface layer.
- the average pore diameter of the surface layer of the support 11 is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the above materials can be used for each layer.
- the materials of the multiple layers forming the multilayer structure may be the same or different.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is a porous membrane having fine pores (micropores).
- the zeolite membrane 12 can be used as a separation membrane that separates a specific substance from a mixed substance containing multiple types of substances using molecular sieve action.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is less permeable to other substances than the specific substance. In other words, the permeation amount of the other substance through the zeolite membrane 12 is smaller than the permeation amount of the specific substance.
- the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more. Separation performance is improved by increasing the thickness of the zeolite membrane 12 .
- the surface roughness (Ra) of the zeolite membrane 12 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of the zeolite particles forming the zeolite membrane 12 is, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the zeolite particles is obtained by observing the surface of the zeolite membrane 12 with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a magnification of 3000, and calculating the particle size (arithmetic mean of minor and major axes) of any 20 zeolite particles. and arithmetically averaging the particle diameters of the 20 zeolite particles.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the zeolite membrane 12 is composed of zeolite having an ETL type structure.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is made of zeolite whose structure code is "ETL" as defined by the International Zeolite Society.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of FIG. 3, which will be described later, obtained from the surface of the zeolite membrane 12 matches the X-ray diffraction pattern assumed from the structure of the ETL-type zeolite in peak positions.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is typically composed only of ETL-type zeolite, but depending on the manufacturing method or the like, the zeolite membrane 12 may contain a small amount (for example, 1% by mass or less) of substances other than ETL-type zeolite. may
- the maximum number of ring members of ETL-type zeolite is 8, and here, the average pore diameter is the arithmetic mean of the short diameter and long diameter of the 8-membered ring pores.
- the 8-membered ring pore is a fine pore in which the number of oxygen atoms in a portion forming a ring structure in which an oxygen atom is bonded to a T atom, which will be described later, is eight.
- ETL-type zeolite has three types of eight-membered ring pores, and their pore diameters are 0.27 nm ⁇ 0.50 nm, 0.28 nm ⁇ 0.46 nm, and 0.33 nm ⁇ 0.48 nm.
- the pore size is 0.39 nm.
- the average pore diameter of the zeolite membrane 12 is smaller than the average pore diameter of the support 11 in the vicinity of the surface where the zeolite membrane 12 is formed.
- ETL-type zeolite constituting the zeolite membrane 12 is an aluminosilicate in which the atoms (T atoms) located at the center of the oxygen tetrahedron (TO 4 ) constituting the zeolite are composed of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al). is a zeolite. Some of the T atoms may be replaced with other elements (gallium, titanium, vanadium, iron, zinc, tin, etc.). This makes it possible to change the pore size and adsorption properties.
- the silicon/aluminum molar ratio (a value obtained by dividing the number of moles of silicon atoms by the number of moles of aluminum atoms; the same shall apply hereinafter) in the zeolite membrane 12 is preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more. and more preferably 10 or more. Thereby, the heat resistance and acid resistance of the zeolite membrane 12 can be improved.
- the upper limit of the silicon/aluminum molar ratio is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 100,000.
- the silicon/aluminum molar ratio can be measured by EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis.
- the molar ratio of silicon/aluminum in the zeolite membrane 12 can be adjusted by adjusting the mixing ratio in the raw material solution, which will be described later (the same applies to the ratios of other elements).
- ETL-type zeolites are not limited to the aluminosilicate type.
- zeolite membrane 12 contains an alkali metal.
- the molar ratio of alkali metal/aluminum in the zeolite membrane 12 is preferably 0.01-1, more preferably 0.1-1. This stabilizes the structure of the ETL-type zeolite.
- the molar ratio of alkali metals/aluminum is the molar ratio of the total amount of all alkali metals contained in the zeolite membrane 12 to aluminum.
- Alkali metals are, for example, rubidium (Rb) or sodium (Na).
- Zeolite membrane 12 may contain both rubidium and sodium.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may contain other alkali metals such as potassium (K) and cesium (Cs). Also, some or all of the cations may be replaced with protons (H + ), ammonium ions (NH 4 + ), or the like by ion exchange or the like.
- An example of the zeolite membrane 12 is manufactured using an organic substance called a structure-directing agent (hereinafter also referred to as "SDA").
- SDA structure-directing agent
- pores are appropriately secured in the zeolite membrane 12 .
- SDA for example, tetramethylammonium hydroxide or the like can be used.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may be manufactured without using SDA.
- the permeation amount of CF 4 gas in the zeolite membrane 12 is preferably 10 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa or less, more preferably 5 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa or less, still more preferably 1 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s. ⁇ It is below Pa. Since CF 4 gas hardly permeates the zeolite membrane 12 in this way, it can be said that the zeolite membrane 12 has a high density. In this embodiment, the permeation amount of CF 4 gas is measured while the zeolite membrane 12 does not contain SDA. The zeolite membrane 12 may contain SDA when measuring the permeation amount of the four gases.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by irradiating the surface of the zeolite membrane 12 with X-rays.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern is obtained by irradiating the surface of the zeolite membrane 12 from which SDA is almost or completely removed as described later with CuK ⁇ rays as a radiation source of an X-ray diffraction apparatus. Since the peak intensities of the X-ray diffraction patterns are different, the zeolite membrane 12 before removing the SDA cannot be used to acquire the X-ray diffraction pattern. As described above, the X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from the zeolite membrane 12 matches the X-ray diffraction pattern assumed from the structure of the ETL-type zeolite in peak positions.
- the intensity of the peak derived from the (002) plane of the ETL-type zeolite and the intensity of the peak derived from the (004) plane of the ETL-type zeolite are relatively high. It is an oriented film in which the c-axis is oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the film surface.
- the zeolite membrane 12 since the crystal orientation of the zeolite particles is aligned, the zeolite particles are easily bonded together in a substantially planar manner. Therefore, in the zeolite membrane 12, as shown in the SEM image shown in FIG. 4, gaps are less likely to occur between the zeolite particles adjacent to each other, and the compactness is improved. As a result, the zeolite membrane composite 1 achieves high separation performance.
- the upper limit of the intensity ratio of these peaks is not particularly limited. less than 1000 times the intensity of the peak present near .9°.
- the bottom line in the X-ray diffraction pattern that is, the height of the background noise component is removed.
- the bottom line in the X-ray diffraction pattern is determined by, for example, the Sonneveld-Visser method or spline interpolation.
- step S11 seed crystals used for manufacturing the zeolite membrane 12 are prepared (step S11).
- the seed crystal is obtained from ETL-type zeolite powder produced by hydrothermal synthesis, for example, and from the zeolite powder.
- the ETL-type zeolite powder may be produced by any or known production method (for example, the method described in Document 1, Document 2, or Document 3 above).
- the zeolite powder may be used as it is as a seed crystal, or the seed crystal may be obtained by processing the powder by pulverization or the like.
- an ETL-type zeolite containing SDA may be used, or an ETL-type zeolite containing no SDA may be used.
- An ETL-type zeolite containing no SDA is typically obtained by removing SDA by calcination or the like after synthesis using SDA.
- the porous support 11 is immersed in the dispersion liquid in which the seed crystals are dispersed to adhere the seed crystals to the support 11 (step S12).
- the seed crystals are adhered to the support 11 by contacting a portion of the support 11 on which the zeolite membrane 12 is to be formed with a dispersion liquid in which the seed crystals are dispersed.
- a seed crystal-attached support is produced.
- the concentration of the seed crystals in the dispersion is adjusted so that the mass of the seed crystals adhering per unit area to the portion of the support 11 where the zeolite membrane 12 is to be formed is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the seed crystal may be attached to support 11 by other techniques.
- the support 11 to which the seed crystals are attached is immersed in the raw material solution.
- the raw material solution is prepared, for example, by dissolving and dispersing a silicon source, an aluminum source, an alkali metal source, SDA, etc. in water as a solvent.
- Silicon sources include, for example, colloidal silica, fumed silica, sodium silicate, silicon alkoxides, water glass, and the like.
- Aluminum sources are, for example, aluminum hydroxide, sodium aluminate, aluminum alkoxide, and the like.
- Alkali metal sources include, for example, rubidium sources or sodium sources, and may include both rubidium sources and sodium sources.
- the alkali metal source may contain a compound containing an alkali metal other than rubidium and sodium.
- Rubidium sources are, for example, rubidium hydroxide, rubidium chloride, and the like.
- Sodium sources are, for example, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and the like.
- SDA is, for example, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, choline chloride, and the like.
- the silicon/aluminum molar ratio is 10-100, preferably 10-75, more preferably 15-50.
- the alkali metal/aluminum molar ratio (molar ratio of all alkali metals contained in the raw material solution to the total aluminum) is 15 to 100, preferably 15 to 80, more preferably 20 to 70. .
- the water/aluminum molar ratio is 2000-10000, preferably 2500-10000, more preferably 3000-8000.
- the SDA/aluminum molar ratio is, for example, 2-100, preferably 3-70, more preferably 3-50.
- the stock solution may not contain SDA.
- Other raw materials may be mixed in the raw material solution, and a solvent other than water may be used for the raw material solution.
- an ETL zeolite membrane 12 is formed on the support 11 by growing ETL zeolite using the seed crystals on the support 11 as nuclei by hydrothermal synthesis. (Step S13).
- the temperature during hydrothermal synthesis is preferably 110 to 230°C.
- the hydrothermal synthesis time is preferably 5 to 100 hours. As the hydrothermal synthesis time becomes shorter, the manufacturing cost of the zeolite membrane composite 1 can be reduced.
- the support 11 and the zeolite membrane 12 are washed with pure water.
- the washed support 11 and zeolite membrane 12 are dried at 100° C., for example.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is heat-treated in an oxidizing gas atmosphere to burn off the SDA in the zeolite membrane 12 (step S14).
- SDA is substantially or completely removed.
- the heating temperature for removing SDA is, for example, 400-1000.degree.
- the heating time is, for example, 1 to 100 hours.
- the oxidizing gas atmosphere is an atmosphere containing oxygen, such as the air.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may be ion-exchanged as necessary. Ions to be exchanged include protons, ammonium ions, alkali metal ions such as Na + , K + , and Li + , alkaline earth metal ions such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Transition metal ions such as Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Ag + can be mentioned.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the separation device 2.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the flow of separation of the mixed substance by the separation device 2. As shown in FIG.
- a mixed substance containing multiple types of fluids i.e., gas or liquid
- a substance with high permeability in the mixed substance hereinafter also referred to as a "highly permeable substance"
- Separation in the separation device 2 may be performed, for example, for the purpose of extracting a highly permeable substance from a mixed substance, and for the purpose of concentrating a substance with a low permeability (hereinafter also referred to as a “low-permeability substance”). may be done.
- the mixed substance (that is, mixed fluid) may be a mixed gas containing multiple types of gas, a mixed liquid containing multiple types of liquid, or a gas-liquid two-phase mixture containing both gas and liquid. It may be a fluid.
- Mixed substances include, for example, hydrogen (H 2 ), helium (He), nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), water (H 2 O), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), Nitrogen oxides, ammonia (NH 3 ), sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), sulfur fluoride, mercury (Hg), arsine (AsH 3 ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbonyl sulfide (COS), C1- Contains one or more of C8 hydrocarbons, organic acids, alcohols, mercaptans, esters, ethers, ketones and aldehydes.
- the highly permeable substance mentioned above is for example one or more of H2, He, N2 , O2 , CO2 , NH3 and H2O , preferably H2O .
- Nitrogen oxides are compounds of nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen oxides mentioned above include, for example, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitrous oxide (also referred to as dinitrogen monoxide) (N 2 O), dinitrogen trioxide (N 2 O 3 ), dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4 ), dinitrogen pentoxide (N 2 O 5 ), and other gases called NO x (nox).
- NO nitric oxide
- NO 2 nitrogen dioxide
- NO 2 O nitrous oxide
- N 2 O 3 dinitrogen trioxide
- N 2 O 4 dinitrogen tetroxide
- N 2 O 5 dinitrogen pentoxide
- Sulfur oxides are compounds of sulfur and oxygen.
- the above sulfur oxides are gases called SOx (socks) such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ).
- Sulfur fluoride is a compound of fluorine and sulfur.
- C1-C8 hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons having 1 or more and 8 or less carbons.
- the C3-C8 hydrocarbons may be straight chain compounds, side chain compounds and cyclic compounds.
- C2 to C8 hydrocarbons include saturated hydrocarbons (that is, those in which double bonds and triple bonds are not present in the molecule), unsaturated hydrocarbons (that is, those in which double bonds and/or triple bonds are present in the molecule). existing within).
- the organic acids mentioned above are carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, and the like.
- Carboxylic acids are, for example, formic acid (CH 2 O 2 ), acetic acid (C 2 H 4 O 2 ), oxalic acid (C 2 H 2 O 4 ), acrylic acid (C 3 H 4 O 2 ) or benzoic acid (C 6 H 5 COOH) and the like.
- Sulfonic acid is, for example, ethanesulfonic acid (C 2 H 6 O 3 S).
- the organic acid may be a chain compound or a cyclic compound.
- the aforementioned alcohols are, for example, methanol (CH 3 OH), ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), isopropanol (2-propanol) (CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 ), ethylene glycol (CH 2 (OH)CH 2 (OH)) or butanol ( C4H9OH ), and the like.
- Mercaptans are organic compounds having hydrogenated sulfur (SH) at the end, and are also called thiols or thioalcohols.
- the mercaptans mentioned above are, for example, methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH), ethyl mercaptan (C 2 H 5 SH) or 1-propanethiol (C 3 H 7 SH).
- esters are, for example, formate esters or acetate esters.
- ethers are, for example, dimethyl ether ((CH 3 ) 2 O), methyl ethyl ether (C 2 H 5 OCH 3 ) or diethyl ether ((C 2 H 5 ) 2 O).
- ketones mentioned above are, for example, acetone (( CH3 )2CO), methyl ethyl ketone ( C2H5COCH3 ) or diethylketone ( ( C2H5 ) 2CO ).
- aldehydes mentioned above are, for example, acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO), propionaldehyde (C 2 H 5 CHO) or butanal (butyraldehyde) (C 3 H 7 CHO).
- the mixed substance separated by the separation device 2 is a mixed liquid containing multiple types of liquids.
- the separation device 2 includes a zeolite membrane composite 1, a sealing portion 21, a housing 22, two sealing members 23, a supply portion 26, a first recovery portion 27, and a second recovery portion 28.
- the zeolite membrane composite 1 , the sealing portion 21 and the sealing member 23 are accommodated within the housing 22 .
- the supply portion 26 , the first recovery portion 27 and the second recovery portion 28 are arranged outside the housing 22 and connected to the housing 22 .
- the sealing portions 21 are attached to both ends of the support 11 in the longitudinal direction (that is, the left-right direction in FIG. 6), and cover the longitudinal end surfaces of the support 11 and the outer peripheral surface near the end surfaces. It is a member that seals The sealing portion 21 prevents the inflow and outflow of liquid from the both end faces of the support 11 .
- the sealing portion 21 is, for example, a plate-like member made of glass or resin. The material and shape of the sealing portion 21 may be changed as appropriate. Since the sealing portion 21 is provided with a plurality of openings that overlap with the plurality of through holes 111 of the support 11 , both longitudinal ends of the through holes 111 of the support 11 are covered by the sealing portion 21 . It has not been. Therefore, it is possible for a liquid or the like to flow into or out of the through hole 111 from both ends.
- the shape of the housing 22 is not particularly limited, it is, for example, a substantially cylindrical tubular member.
- the housing 22 is made of stainless steel or carbon steel, for example.
- the longitudinal direction of the housing 22 is substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the zeolite membrane composite 1 .
- a supply port 221 is provided at one longitudinal end of the housing 22 (that is, the left end in FIG. 6), and a first discharge port 222 is provided at the other end.
- a second discharge port 223 is provided on the side surface of the housing 22 .
- the supply portion 26 is connected to the supply port 221 .
- the first recovery section 27 is connected to the first discharge port 222 .
- the second recovery section 28 is connected to the second discharge port 223 .
- the internal space of the housing 22 is a closed space isolated from the surrounding space of the housing 22 .
- the two sealing members 23 are arranged along the entire circumference between the outer peripheral surface of the zeolite membrane composite 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 22 near both longitudinal ends of the zeolite membrane composite 1 .
- Each seal member 23 is a substantially annular member made of a liquid-impermeable material.
- the sealing member 23 is, for example, an O-ring made of flexible resin.
- the sealing member 23 is in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the zeolite membrane composite 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 22 over the entire circumference. In the example shown in FIG. 6 , the sealing member 23 is in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the sealing portion 21 and indirectly in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the zeolite membrane composite 1 through the sealing portion 21 . Between the sealing member 23 and the outer peripheral surface of the zeolite membrane composite 1 and between the sealing member 23 and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 22 are sealed, and little or no liquid can pass through. .
- the supply unit 26 supplies the liquid mixture to the internal space of the housing 22 via the supply port 221 .
- the supply unit 26 includes, for example, a pump that pumps the liquid mixture toward the housing 22 .
- the pump includes a temperature control section and a pressure control section for controlling the temperature and pressure of the liquid mixture supplied to the housing 22, respectively.
- the first recovery unit 27 includes, for example, a storage container that stores the liquid drawn out from the housing 22, or a pump that transfers the liquid.
- the second recovery unit 28 includes, for example, a vacuum pump that decompresses the space outside the outer peripheral surface of the zeolite membrane composite 1 in the housing 22 (that is, the space sandwiched between the two seal members 23), and the A liquid nitrogen trap is provided for cooling and liquefying the gas that has permeated the zeolite membrane composite 1 .
- the zeolite membrane composite 1 is prepared by preparing the separation device 2 described above ( FIG. 7 : step S21). Subsequently, the supply unit 26 supplies a mixed liquid containing a plurality of types of liquids with different permeability to the zeolite membrane 12 into the internal space of the housing 22 .
- the main components of the mixture are water ( H2O ) and ethanol ( C2H5OH ).
- the mixed liquid may contain liquids other than water and ethanol.
- the pressure of the liquid mixture supplied from the supply unit 26 to the internal space of the housing 22 (that is, the introduction pressure) is, for example, 0.1 MPa to 2 MPa, and the temperature of the liquid mixture is, for example, 10°C to 200°C. be.
- the mixed liquid supplied from the supply part 26 to the housing 22 is introduced into each through-hole 111 of the support 11 from the left end of the zeolite membrane composite 1 in the drawing, as indicated by an arrow 251 .
- the highly permeable substance which is a highly permeable liquid in the mixed liquid, permeates through the zeolite membrane 12 provided on the inner peripheral surface of each through-hole 111 and the support 11 while vaporizing. It is derived from the outer peripheral surface.
- the highly permeable substance eg, water
- the low-permeable substance eg, ethanol
- the gas (hereinafter referred to as “permeable substance”) discharged from the outer peripheral surface of the support 11 is guided to the second recovery section 28 via the second discharge port 223 as indicated by an arrow 253, It is cooled in the second recovery section 28 and recovered as a liquid.
- the pressure of the gas recovered by the second recovery section 28 through the second discharge port 223 (that is, permeation pressure) is, for example, approximately 50 Torr (approximately 6.67 kPa).
- the permeable substance may include a low-permeable substance that has permeated the zeolite membrane 12 in addition to the above-described high-permeable substance.
- the liquid excluding the substances that have permeated the zeolite membrane 12 and the support 11 passes through each through-hole 111 of the support 11 from the left to the right in the drawing. , and is recovered by first recovery section 27 via first discharge port 222 as indicated by arrow 252 .
- the pressure of the liquid recovered by the first recovery section 27 via the first discharge port 222 is, for example, substantially the same as the introduction pressure.
- the impermeable substance may include a highly permeable substance that has not permeated the zeolite membrane 12, in addition to the low-permeable substance described above.
- the impermeable substance recovered by the first recovery section 27 may be, for example, circulated to the supply section 26 and supplied again into the housing 22 .
- the separation device 2 shown in FIG. 6 may be used, for example, as a membrane reactor.
- the housing 22 is used as a reactor.
- the housing 22 accommodates a catalyst that accelerates the chemical reaction of the raw material supplied from the supply section 26 .
- the catalyst is arranged, for example, between the supply port 221 and the first exhaust port 222 .
- the catalyst is arranged near the zeolite membrane 12 of the zeolite membrane composite 1 .
- the catalyst used has an appropriate material and shape depending on the type of raw material and the type of chemical reaction to be caused on the raw material.
- a source substance includes one or more substances.
- the membrane reactor may further comprise a reactor (ie, housing 22) and a heating device for heating the source material to facilitate the chemical reaction of the source material.
- a mixed substance containing a product produced by a chemical reaction of raw materials in the presence of a catalyst is supplied to the zeolite membrane 12 in the same manner as described above, and the mixed substance permeation of the highly permeable material through the zeolite membrane 12 separates it from other materials that are less permeable than the highly permeable material.
- the mixed material may be a fluid containing the product material and unreacted source material.
- the mixed material may contain two or more product materials.
- the highly permeable material may be a product material produced from a source material, or may be a material other than the product material.
- the highly permeable material comprises one or more producing materials.
- the highly permeable substance is a product produced from a raw material
- the product is separated from other substances by the zeolite membrane 12, thereby improving the yield of the product.
- the mixture contains two or more product substances
- the two or more product substances may be highly permeable substances, and some of the two or more product substances are may be a highly permeable material.
- Example> (Preparation of seed crystal)
- Aluminum hydroxide, 30% colloidal silica, rubidium hydroxide, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide were dissolved in pure water as an aluminum source, a silicon source, an alkali metal source, and a structure-directing agent (SDA), respectively.
- a stock solution of 2 O 3 :30 SiO 2 :5 Rb 2 O:5 SDA:1500 H 2 O was prepared. This raw material solution was hydrothermally synthesized at 180° C. for 100 hours. Crystals obtained by hydrothermal synthesis were collected, thoroughly washed with pure water, and then completely dried at 100°C. As a result of X-ray diffraction measurement, the obtained crystal was an ETL crystal.
- the crystals were added to pure water so as to have a concentration of 10 to 20% by mass, and pulverized with a ball mill to obtain seed crystals.
- ETL membrane ETL-type zeolite membrane
- the permeation amount of CF 4 gas was measured for the obtained ETL film, it was 10 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa or less.
- the silicon/aluminum molar ratio of the ETL film measured by EDS analysis was 3 or more.
- the water selectivity of the ETL membrane was obtained by dividing the water concentration (mass %) in the recovered liquid by the ethanol concentration (mass %) in the recovered liquid.
- the water permeation flux was determined from the amount of water in the recovered liquid.
- the ETL membrane had a water selectivity of 50 and a water permeation flux of 0.3 kg/m 2 ⁇ h.
- the obtained ETL membrane was a membrane exhibiting water selectivity.
- an X-ray diffractometer manufactured by Rigaku (device name: MiniFlex600) was used, with a tube voltage of 40 kV, a tube current of 15 mA, a scanning speed of 0.5°/min, and a scanning step of 0.02°. .
- the divergence slit was 1.25°
- the scattering slit was 1.25°
- the light receiving slit was 0.3 mm
- the incident solar slit was 5.0°
- the light receiving solar slit was 5.0°.
- a 0.015 mm thick nickel foil was used as a CuK ⁇ ray filter without using a monochromator.
- a raw material solution prepared so that the mixing ratio of the raw materials is such that the molar ratio of silicon/aluminum is 10 to 100, the molar ratio of alkali metal/aluminum is 15 to 100, and the molar ratio of water/aluminum is 2000 to 10000.
- the monolithic porous alumina support was brought into contact with the solution in which the seed crystals were dispersed to coat the seed crystals in the cells.
- a raw material solution having the same composition as that for producing the seed crystal was prepared, and the alumina support coated with the seed crystal was immersed in this raw material solution for hydrothermal synthesis at 180° C. for 15 hours.
- the ETL membrane was thoroughly washed with pure water and then completely dried at 100°C. After drying, the N 2 permeation amount of the ETL membrane was measured and found to be 1 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa or more. This confirmed that the ETL film was not dense.
- the SDA was then burnt off by heat treating the ETL membrane at 500° C. for 20 hours to penetrate the pores in the ETL membrane.
- the permeation amount of CF 4 gas was measured for the obtained ETL film, it was larger than 50 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa.
- the zeolite membrane composite 1 includes a porous support 11 and a zeolite membrane 12 provided on the support 11 and made of ETL-type zeolite.
- the zeolite membrane 12 is an oriented membrane in which the c-axes of the constituent particles are oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to the membrane surface, thereby improving the density of the zeolite membrane 12 .
- the denseness of the zeolite membrane 12 can be further improved.
- the silicon/aluminum molar ratio in the zeolite membrane 12 is 3 or more. Thereby, the heat resistance and acid resistance of the zeolite membrane 12 can be improved.
- the permeation amount of CF 4 gas in the zeolite membrane 12 is preferably 10 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa or less.
- the above-described method for producing the zeolite membrane composite 1 includes the steps of attaching seed crystals made of ETL-type zeolite on a porous support 11, immersing the support 11 in a raw material solution, and hydrothermally synthesizing the seed crystals. and growing ETL-type zeolite from the substrate to form a zeolite membrane 12 on the support 11 .
- the molar ratio of silicon/aluminum is 10-100
- the molar ratio of alkali metal/aluminum is 15-100
- the molar ratio of water/aluminum is 2000-10000. This makes it possible to easily provide the zeolite membrane composite 1 having an ETL-type zeolite membrane with improved compactness.
- the separation device 2 includes the zeolite membrane composite 1 and the supply section 26 that supplies the zeolite membrane composite 1 with a mixture containing multiple types of gases or liquids.
- the zeolite membrane composite 1 separates a highly permeable substance in the mixed substance from other substances by permeating the highly permeable substance. This allows efficient separation of highly permeable substances from other substances.
- the membrane reactor includes the zeolite membrane composite 1, a catalyst that promotes the chemical reaction of raw materials, and a reactor (housing 22 in the above example) housing the zeolite membrane composite 1 and the catalyst. ) and a supply 26 for supplying source material to the reactor.
- the zeolite membrane composite 1 separates the highly permeable substance from the other substances by permeating the mixed substance containing the product substance produced by the chemical reaction of the source substance in the presence of the catalyst. .
- the highly permeable substance can be efficiently separated from other substances.
- the zeolite membrane composite 1, the separation device 2, the membrane reaction device, and the method for producing the zeolite membrane composite 1 can be modified in various ways.
- the silicon/aluminum molar ratio in the zeolite membrane 12 may be less than three. If there is no problem in using the zeolite membrane composite 1, the permeation amount of CF 4 gas in the zeolite membrane 12 may be greater than 10 nmol/m 2 ⁇ s ⁇ Pa.
- the zeolite membrane 12 may be provided on either the inner peripheral surface or the outer peripheral surface, or may be provided on both the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface.
- the zeolite membrane composite 1 may be produced by a method other than the above production method.
- the zeolite membrane composite 1 may further include a functional membrane or a protective membrane laminated on the zeolite membrane 12 in addition to the support 11 and the zeolite membrane 12 .
- Such functional films and protective films may be inorganic films such as zeolite films, silica films or carbon films, or may be organic films such as polyimide films or silicone films. Further, a substance that easily adsorbs water may be added to the functional film or protective film laminated on the zeolite film 12 .
- the mixed substance may be separated by vapor permeation, reverse osmosis, gas permeation, etc., in addition to the pervaporation method exemplified in the above description. The same is true for membrane reactors.
- the zeolite membrane composite of the present invention can be used, for example, as a dehydration membrane, and furthermore, as a separation membrane for various substances other than water, an adsorption membrane for various substances, etc., in various fields where zeolite is used. Available.
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Abstract
Description
[関連出願の参照]
本願は、2021年3月10日に出願された日本国特許出願JP2021-38089からの優先権の利益を主張し、当該出願の全ての開示は、本願に組み込まれる。
(種結晶の作製)
アルミニウム源、ケイ素源、アルカリ金属源、構造規定剤(SDA)として、それぞれ水酸化アルミニウム、30%コロイダルシリカ、水酸化ルビジウム、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを純水に溶解させ、組成がモル比で1Al2O3:30SiO2:5Rb2O:5SDA:1500H2Oの原料溶液を調製した。この原料溶液を180℃で100h水熱合成した。水熱合成によって得られた結晶を回収し、純水にて十分に洗浄した後、100℃で完全に乾燥させた。X線回折測定の結果、得られた結晶はETL結晶であった。この結晶を10~20質量%となるよう純水に投入し、ボールミルによって粉砕し、種結晶とした。
モノリス形状の多孔質アルミナ支持体を、前述の種結晶を分散させた溶液に接触させて、セル内に種結晶を塗布した。その後、アルミニウム源、ケイ素源、アルカリ金属源、構造規定剤(SDA)として、それぞれ水酸化アルミニウム、30%コロイダルシリカ、水酸化ルビジウムと水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを純水に溶解させ、組成がモル比で1Al2O3:30SiO2:15Rb2O:6Na2O:10SDA:3000H2Oの原料溶液を調製した。この原料溶液に種結晶を塗布したアルミナ支持体を浸漬し、180℃で15h水熱合成した。水熱合成後、支持体上に形成されたETL型のゼオライト膜(以下、単に「ETL膜」という。)を純水にて十分に洗浄し、続いて、100℃で完全に乾燥させた。乾燥後、ETL膜のN2透過量を測定したところ、0.05nmol/m2・s・Pa以下であった。これにより、ETL膜は、実用可能な程度の緻密性を有していることが確認された。次に、ETL膜を500℃で20時間加熱処理することによってSDAを燃焼除去して、ETL膜内の細孔を貫通させた。得られたETL膜について、CF4ガスの透過量を測定したところ、10nmol/m2・s・Pa以下であった。また、EDS分析により測定したETL膜のケイ素/アルミニウムのモル比は3以上であった。
50℃に加温した50質量%エタノール水溶液を循環ポンプで循環させることで、ETL膜をセットした分離用容器(図6の分離装置2参照)の供給側空間にエタノール水溶液を供給し、真空ポンプにて透過側空間を圧力制御器により50Torrに制御しながら減圧し、ETL膜および支持体を透過した蒸気を液体窒素トラップで回収した。液体窒素トラップで回収した液体の量と濃度を測定し、ETL膜の水選択性、および、水透過流束を求めた。ETL膜の水選択性は、回収した液体における水濃度(質量%)を、回収した液体におけるエタノール濃度(質量%)で除算して得た。水透過流束は、回収した液体における水の量から求めた。ETL膜の水選択性は50、水透過流束は0.3kg/m2・hであった。このように、得られたETL膜は水選択性を示す膜であった。
(種結晶の作製)
実施例と同様に、種結晶を作製した。
モノリス形状の多孔質アルミナ支持体を、前述の種結晶を分散させた溶液に接触させて、セル内に種結晶を塗布した。種結晶を作製したのと同じ組成の原料溶液を調製し、この原料溶液に種結晶を塗布したアルミナ支持体を浸漬し、180℃で15h水熱合成した。水熱合成後、ETL膜を純水にて十分に洗浄し、続いて、100℃で完全に乾燥させた。乾燥後、ETL膜のN2透過量を測定したところ、1nmol/m2・s・Pa以上であった。これにより、ETL膜は、緻密性を有していないことが確認された。次に、ETL膜を500℃で20時間加熱処理することによってSDAを燃焼除去して、ETL膜内の細孔を貫通させた。得られたETL膜について、CF4ガスの透過量を測定したところ、50nmol/m2・s・Paよりも大きかった。
50℃に加温した50質量%エタノール水溶液を循環ポンプで循環させることで、ETL膜をセットした分離用容器の供給側空間にエタノール水溶液を供給し、真空ポンプにて透過側空間を圧力制御器により50Torrに制御しながら減圧したところ、ETL膜および支持体をエタノール水溶液がそのまま透過してしまった。このように、得られたETL膜は緻密性が悪く、水選択性を示さない膜であった。
11 支持体
12 ゼオライト膜
S11~S14,S21,S22 ステップ
Claims (7)
- ゼオライト膜複合体であって、
多孔質の支持体と、
前記支持体上に設けられ、ETL型ゼオライトからなるゼオライト膜と、
を備え、
前記ゼオライト膜の表面にX線を照射して得られるX線回折パターンにおいて、2θ=9.9°付近に存在するピークの強度、および、2θ=19.8°付近に存在するピークの強度が、2θ=7.9°付近に存在するピークの強度の0.8倍以上である。 - 請求項1に記載のゼオライト膜複合体であって、
前記X線回折パターンにおいて、2θ=9.9°付近に存在するピークの強度、および、2θ=19.8°付近に存在するピークの強度が、2θ=7.9°付近に存在するピークの強度の1.0倍以上である。 - 請求項1または2に記載のゼオライト膜複合体であって、
前記ゼオライト膜におけるケイ素/アルミニウムのモル比が3以上である。 - 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1つに記載のゼオライト膜複合体であって、
前記ゼオライト膜におけるCF4ガスの透過量が10nmol/m2・s・Pa以下である。 - 分離装置であって、
請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載のゼオライト膜複合体と、
複数種類のガスまたは液体を含む混合物質を前記ゼオライト膜複合体に供給する供給部と、
を備え、
前記ゼオライト膜複合体は、前記混合物質中の透過性が高い高透過性物質を透過することにより他の物質から分離する。 - 膜反応装置であって、
請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載のゼオライト膜複合体と、
原料物質の化学反応を促進させる触媒と、
前記ゼオライト膜複合体および前記触媒を収容する反応器と、
前記原料物質を前記反応器に供給する供給部と、
を備え、
前記ゼオライト膜複合体は、前記原料物質が前記触媒存在下で化学反応することにより生成された生成物質を含む混合物質のうち、透過性が高い高透過性物質を透過することにより他の物質から分離する。 - ゼオライト膜複合体の製造方法であって、
a)多孔質の支持体上に、ETL型ゼオライトからなる種結晶を付着させる工程と、
b)原料溶液に前記支持体を浸漬し、水熱合成により前記種結晶からETL型ゼオライトを成長させて前記支持体上にゼオライト膜を形成する工程と、
を備え、
前記原料溶液において、ケイ素/アルミニウムのモル比が10~100であり、アルカリ金属/アルミニウムのモル比が15~100であり、水/アルミニウムのモル比が2000~10000である。
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| WO2024204852A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 多孔質支持体-ゼオライト膜複合体、精製成分の製造方法および精製有機化合物の製造方法 |
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- 2022-02-16 WO PCT/JP2022/006116 patent/WO2022190793A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-02-16 DE DE112022000724.9T patent/DE112022000724T5/de active Pending
- 2022-02-16 CN CN202280008318.7A patent/CN116847924A/zh active Pending
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2023
- 2023-07-31 US US18/361,991 patent/US20230373799A1/en active Pending
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| WO2024190041A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-10 | 2024-09-19 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 分離膜複合体および分離膜複合体の製造方法 |
| WO2024204852A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 多孔質支持体-ゼオライト膜複合体、精製成分の製造方法および精製有機化合物の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2022190793A1 (ja) | 2022-09-15 |
| JP7538325B2 (ja) | 2024-08-21 |
| US20230373799A1 (en) | 2023-11-23 |
| DE112022000724T5 (de) | 2023-11-16 |
| CN116847924A (zh) | 2023-10-03 |
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