WO2022154020A1 - ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022154020A1 WO2022154020A1 PCT/JP2022/000778 JP2022000778W WO2022154020A1 WO 2022154020 A1 WO2022154020 A1 WO 2022154020A1 JP 2022000778 W JP2022000778 W JP 2022000778W WO 2022154020 A1 WO2022154020 A1 WO 2022154020A1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
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- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
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- C08F2/48—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light
- C08F2/50—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation by ultraviolet or visible light with sensitising agents
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated side groups
- C08F290/14—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
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- C08F290/145—Polyamides; Polyesteramides; Polyimides
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- C08G73/1025—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines polymerised by radiations
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- H10P76/2041—
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a polyimide precursor resin composition and a method for producing the same.
- Polyimide (PI) resin has excellent heat resistance, electrical properties, and chemical resistance, and is therefore used as an insulating material for electronic components, a passivation film for semiconductor devices, a surface protective film, an interlayer insulating film, and the like.
- the photosensitive polyimide obtained by imparting photosensitivity to the polyimide resin is provided in the form of a polyimide precursor resin composition (also referred to as "varnish") containing a polyimide precursor resin and a photosensitizer, and coating, exposure, and development of the varnish. , And the heat imidization treatment by curing can form a polyimide relief pattern. While it is necessary to apply and peel the resist material to form the relief pattern of the non-photosensitive polyimide, such a photosensitive polyimide precursor resin has a feature that the process can be significantly shortened. ..
- the mounting method (packaging structure) of a semiconductor device on a printed wiring board has also changed from the viewpoint of improving the degree of integration and calculation function and reducing the chip size.
- the polyimide coating can be applied from the conventional mounting method using metal pins and lead-tin eutectic solder, such as BGA (ball grid array) and CSP (chip size packaging), which enable higher density mounting. Structures that come into direct contact with solder bumps are being used. Further, a structure having a plurality of rewiring layers having an area larger than the area of the semiconductor chip on the surface of the semiconductor chip, such as FO (fanout), has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). ).
- a negative photosensitive resin composition When a negative photosensitive resin composition is used as the PI precursor resin composition, if the exposure line does not converge appropriately at the bottom of the film during exposure patterning, a residue is generated at the development opening due to the exposure line reflected at the bottom of the film. However, it may cause development failure. Further, if the exposure line does not reach the bottom of the film, the photocrosslinking of the bottom of the film becomes insufficient, which may cause a taper shape defect called undercut (hem eating). Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a PI precursor resin composition having excellent resolution performance, a wide range of usable exposure amounts, and excellent handleability. These problems occur remarkably when the PI precursor resin composition is applied thinly or when the PI precursor resin composition having low exposure ray absorbance is used.
- the inventors have exposed the PI precursor resin to the light type used for exposure.
- the PI precursor has excellent resolution performance, a wide range of usable exposure amount, and excellent handleability. It has been found that a body resin composition can be provided. Examples of the embodiments of the present disclosure are listed in the following items [1] to [43].
- a method for producing a PI precursor resin composition containing a polyimide (PI) precursor resin, an exposure ray absorber, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent With the process of identifying the ray type used for exposure;
- the PI precursor resin is selected from the resins having an absorbance parameter Xp in the range of 0.001 to 0.20 for the specified light type, and the absorbance parameter Xt for the specified light type is 0.01 to 0.05.
- the selected PI precursor resin absorbance parameter Xp, the selected exposure ray absorber absorbance parameter Xt, the selected photopolymerization initiator absorbance parameter Xr, and the PI precursor resin composition are coated.
- the PI precursor resin composition so as to contain the determined PI precursor resin, the determined exposure ray absorber of the added mass part ⁇ , the photopolymerization initiator of the determined added mass part ⁇ , and the solvent.
- a method for producing a PI precursor resin composition which comprises a step of adjusting the above.
- the PI precursor resin has the following formula (1): ⁇ In the formula, X 1 is a tetravalent organic group, Y 1 is a divalent organic group, n 1 is an integer from 2 to 150, and R 1 and R 2 are independent of each other. In addition, it is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent organic group represented by the following general formula (2), or a saturated aliphatic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ⁇ ⁇ In the formula, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 is an integer of 2 to 10. ⁇ The manufacturing method according to item 1, which has a structural unit represented by.
- Y 1 of the above formula (1) is the following formula (3): ⁇ In the formula, R 6 to R 13 are independently hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, or monovalent organic groups, and at least one of R 6 to R 13 is a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a methoxy. It is a group. ⁇ The production method according to any one of items 1 to 8, which is a divalent organic group represented by. [10] Y 1 of the above formula (1) is the following formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, R 14 and R 15 are each independently a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group or a methoxy group. ⁇ The production method according to any one of items 1 to 9, which is a divalent organic group represented by.
- Z represents a tetravalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are independently monovalent organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- r6 is an integer of 0 or 1
- r5, r7, r8 and r9 are independently integers of 0 to 3
- r10, r11, r12 and r13 are independently. It is an integer from 0 to 2, and at least one of r10, r11, r12 and r13 is 1 or 2.
- r14 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- r15 is an integer of 3 to 8
- r14 ⁇ r15 Ls are independently monovalent with 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- r15 T independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- r15 S each independently represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- ⁇ ⁇ In formula (9) represents a divalent organic group containing an aliphatic tertiary or quaternary carbon
- M represents a divalent organic group.
- r17, r18, r19 and r20 are independently integers of 0 to 2, and at least one of r17, r18, r19 and r20 is 1 or 2, and X 10 to X 19 each independently represents at least one monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an allyl group and an acyl group, and Y 1 to Y 3 are independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -CO 2- , cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, phenylene and 1 to 1 carbon atoms.
- the manufacturing method according to paragraph 1. Any of items 1 to 11, wherein the exposure ray absorber is a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid ester of at least one hydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (6) to (10). The manufacturing method according to item 1.
- a method for producing a relief pattern film is A step of producing a PI precursor resin composition containing a PI precursor resin, an exposure ray absorber, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent by the method according to any one of items 1 to 14.
- a method for producing a relief pattern film including. [16] The coating film with a thickness of D'after solvent removal 0.7 ⁇ (Xp + Xt ⁇ ⁇ + Xr ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ D' ⁇ 2.2 The method for producing a relief pattern film according to item 15.
- Absorbance parameter Xp of the above PI precursor resin with respect to i-ray Absorbance parameter Xt of the above-mentioned exposure ray absorber with respect to i-ray, Absorbance parameter Xr of the above photopolymerization initiator with respect to i-ray, The mass part ⁇ of the exposure line absorber and The relationship with the mass part ⁇ of the photopolymerization initiator is 0.7 ⁇ (Xp + Xt ⁇ ⁇ + Xr ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2.2 0.001 ⁇ Xp ⁇ 0.20 0.01 ⁇ Xt ⁇ 0.05 0 ⁇ Xr ⁇ 0.04
- the PI precursor resin composition The PI precursor resin composition.
- PI precursor resin composition containing a polyimide (PI) precursor resin, an exposure ray absorber of mass part ⁇ based on 100 parts by mass of the PI precursor resin, a photopolymerization initiator of mass part ⁇ , and a solvent.
- PI polyimide
- the PI precursor resin has the following formula (1): ⁇ In the formula, X 1 is a tetravalent organic group, Y 1 is a divalent organic group, n 1 is an integer from 2 to 150, and R 1 and R 2 are independent of each other. In addition, it is a hydrogen atom, a monovalent organic group represented by the following general formula (2), or a saturated aliphatic group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. ⁇ ⁇ In the formula, R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 is an integer of 2 to 10. ⁇ The PI precursor resin composition according to item 17 or 18, which has a structural unit represented by.
- the photopolymerization initiator has the following general formula (5): ⁇ In the formula, R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are monovalent organic groups, respectively, and R 16 and R 17 may be connected to each other to form a ring structure. ⁇ The PI precursor resin composition according to any one of items 17 to 19, which has an oxime ester structure represented by. [21] The PI precursor resin composition according to any one of items 17 to 20, wherein the PI precursor resin composition further contains a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor. [22] The PI precursor resin composition according to any one of items 17 to 21, wherein the exposure ray absorber is a compound having a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide structure.
- PI precursor resin composition according to any one of items 17 to 22, wherein the PI precursor resin composition further contains a photopolymerizable compound.
- Y 1 of the above formula (1) is the following formula (3): ⁇ In the formula, R 6 to R 13 are independently hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, or monovalent organic groups, and at least one of R 6 to R 13 is a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a methoxy. It is a group.
- Y 1 of the above formula (1) is the following formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, R 14 and R 15 are each independently a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group or a methoxy group.
- the exposure line absorber is based on the following general formulas (6) to (10): ⁇ In formula (6), X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and X 3 and X 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or carbon.
- Z represents a tetravalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are independently monovalent organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- r6 is an integer of 0 or 1
- r5, r7, r8 and r9 are independently integers of 0 to 3
- r10, r11, r12 and r13 are independently.
- r14 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- r15 is an integer of 3 to 8
- r14 ⁇ r15 Ls are independently monovalent with 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- r15 T independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- r15 S each independently represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Represents 20 monovalent organic groups.
- A represents a divalent organic group containing an aliphatic tertiary or quaternary carbon
- M represents a divalent organic group.
- r17, r18, r19 and r20 are independently integers of 0 to 2, and at least one of r17, r18, r19 and r20 is 1 or 2
- X 10 to X 19 each independently represents at least one monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an allyl group and an acyl group
- Y 1 to Y 3 are independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -CO 2- , cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, phenylene and 1 to 1 carbon atoms.
- the PI precursor resin composition according to item 1. [27] Any of items 17 to 26, wherein the exposure ray absorber is a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid ester of at least one hydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (6) to (10).
- the hydroxy compound represented by the general formula (6) is the following general formula (11): ⁇ In formula (11), r16 is an integer of 0 to 2 independently, and X 9 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- ⁇ The PI precursor resin composition according to any one of items 17 to 28, represented by.
- the PI precursor resin composition comprises a PI precursor resin, an exposure ray absorber of ⁇ parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the PI precursor resin, and ⁇ parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the PI precursor resin.
- a photopolymerization initiator and
- the PI precursor resin has an absorbance parameter Xp for i-rays in the range of 0.001 ⁇ Xp ⁇ 0.20.
- the exposure line absorber has an absorbance parameter Xt for i-rays in the range of 0.01 ⁇ Xt ⁇ 0.05.
- the photopolymerization initiator has an absorbance parameter Xr for i-rays in the range of 0 ⁇ Xr ⁇ 0.04.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group
- n 1 is an integer from 2 to 150
- R 1 and R 2 are independent of each other.
- R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 is an integer of 2 to 10.
- m 1 is an integer of 2 to 10.
- the photopolymerization initiator has the following general formula (5): ⁇ In the formula, R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are monovalent organic groups, respectively, and R 16 and R 17 may be connected to each other to form a ring structure. ⁇ The prebaked film according to any one of items 31 to 33, which has an oxime ester structure represented by. [35] The prebaked film according to any one of items 31 to 34, wherein the PI precursor resin composition further contains a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor. [36] The prebaked film according to any one of items 31 to 35, wherein the exposure ray absorber is a compound having a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide structure.
- Y 1 of the above formula (1) is the following formula (3): ⁇ In the formula, R 6 to R 13 are independently hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, or monovalent organic groups, and at least one of R 6 to R 13 is a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a methoxy. It is a group. ⁇ The prebaked film according to any one of items 31 to 37, which is a divalent organic group represented by.
- Y 1 of the above formula (1) is the following formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, R 14 and R 15 are each independently a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group or a methoxy group. ⁇ The prebaked film according to any one of items 31 to 38, which is a divalent organic group represented by. [40]
- the exposure line absorber is based on the following general formulas (6) to (10): ⁇ In formula (6), X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and X 3 and X 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or carbon.
- Z represents a tetravalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are independently monovalent organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- r6 is an integer of 0 or 1
- r5, r7, r8 and r9 are independently integers of 0 to 3
- r10, r11, r12 and r13 are independently.
- r14 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- r15 is an integer of 3 to 8
- r14 ⁇ r15 Ls are independently monovalent with 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- r15 T independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- r15 S each independently represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Represents 20 monovalent organic groups.
- A represents a divalent organic group containing an aliphatic tertiary or quaternary carbon
- M represents a divalent organic group.
- r17, r18, r19 and r20 are independently integers of 0 to 2, and at least one of r17, r18, r19 and r20 is 1 or 2
- X 10 to X 19 each independently represents at least one monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an allyl group and an acyl group
- Y 1 to Y 3 are independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -CO 2- , cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, phenylene and 1 to 1 carbon atoms.
- the hydroxy compound represented by the general formula (6) is the following general formula (11): ⁇ In formula (11), r20 is an integer of 0 to 2 independently, and X 9 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- ⁇ The prebaked film according to any one of items 31 to 42, represented by.
- FIG. 1 is a FIB photograph of the pattern cross-sectional shape obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a sensitivity curve plotting the relative film thickness at each exposure amount of the relief pattern obtained in Example 50.
- a method for producing a PI precursor resin composition which comprises a step of specifying a light type used for exposure; and selecting a polyimide precursor resin, an exposure ray absorber, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the light ray type identification step the light ray type for exposing the PI precursor resin composition is specified.
- the light type any light type can be used as long as the polymerizable group of the polyimide precursor resin can be crosslinked by the action of the photopolymerization initiator and insolubilized in the developing solution when the PI precursor resin composition is exposed. May be good.
- the light beam type include g-line (436 nm), h-line (405 nm), i-line (wavelength 365 nm), KrF excimer laser (wavelength 248 nm), and the like, insolubilization of the polyimide precursor resin, resolution performance, and the like. From the viewpoint of, i-line is preferable.
- ⁇ Material selection process> In the material selection step, (A) a polyimide precursor resin, (B) an exposure ray absorber, and (C) a photopolymerization initiator are selected according to the absorbance parameter for the selected light type. (D)
- the solvent can be arbitrarily selected regardless of the selected light ray type.
- other materials for example, (E) photopolymerizable compounds, thermobase generators, (H) nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitors, (F) hindered phenol compounds, regardless of the selected light type. , Organic titanium compounds, adhesion aids, sensitizers, (G) polymerization inhibitors, etc., or combinations thereof may be further selected. Other materials, including (E), (F) and (G), can also be arbitrarily selected regardless of the selected ray type.
- the polyimide precursor resin is a resin component contained in a negative photosensitive resin composition, and is converted into polyimide by subjecting it to a heat cyclization treatment.
- the polyimide precursor resin is selected from resins having an absorbance parameter Xp for the specified light ray species in the range of 0.001 to 0.20.
- the absorbance of the polyimide precursor resin can be measured by adjusting the polyimide precursor resin to 1000 mg / L using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent and using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer using a 1 cm cell. ..
- the value obtained by dividing the obtained absorbance value at 365 nm by 10 is defined as the absorbance parameter Xp of the polyimide precursor resin.
- the polyimide precursor resin is selected from resins having an absorbance parameter Xp preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.15, more preferably 0.005 to 0.10, and even more preferably 0.005 to 0.05. ..
- the structure of the polyimide precursor resin is not limited as long as it is a polyimide precursor resin that can be used in a negative photosensitive resin composition, but it is preferably not alkali-soluble. Since the polyimide precursor resin is not alkali-soluble, high chemical resistance can be obtained.
- the negative photosensitive resin composition contains two or more kinds of polyimide precursor resins, as a mixture of the two or more kinds of polyimide precursor resins, the absorbance parameter Xp for the specified light type is 0.
- It may be in the range of 001 to 0.20. It is preferable that all of the two or more kinds of polyimide precursor resins are selected so as to be within the range of 0.001 to 0.20 of the absorbance parameter Xp for the specified light ray type.
- the polyimide precursor resin is preferably a polyamide having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group
- n 1 is an integer from 2 to 150
- R 1 and R 2 are. , Each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 1 and R 2 is the following general formula (2): ⁇ In formula (2), R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen atoms or monovalent organic groups with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m 1 is an integer of 2 to 10. be. ⁇ It is preferable to have a structural unit represented by.
- the ratio of R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) to be hydrogen atoms is more preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, based on the total number of moles of R 1 and R 2 . It is more preferably 5% or less.
- the ratio of R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) being monovalent organic groups represented by the general formula (2) is 70% or more based on the total number of moles of R 1 and R 2 . It is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more. It is preferable that the ratio of hydrogen atoms and the ratio of organic groups of the general formula (2) are in the above range from the viewpoint of photosensitive characteristics and storage stability.
- N 1 in the general formula (1) is not limited as long as it is an integer of 2 to 150, but an integer of 3 to 100 is preferable from the viewpoint of the photosensitive characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the negative photosensitive resin composition, and 5 to 70. An integer of is more preferred.
- the tetravalent organic group represented by X 1 is preferably an organic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive characteristics, and more preferably.
- the -COOR 1 group, the -COOR 2 group and the -CONH- group are aromatic groups or alicyclic aliphatic groups in which they are in ortho positions with each other.
- X 1 an organic group containing an aromatic ring and having 6 to 40 carbon atoms
- R6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, monovalent hydrocarbon group of C1 to C10 , and monovalent fluorine - containing hydrocarbon group of C1 to C10.
- l is an integer chosen from 0 to 2
- m is an integer chosen from 0 to 3
- n is an integer chosen from 0 to 4.
- the group has a structure selected from the group consisting of.
- the structure of X 1 may be one kind or a combination of two or more kinds.
- the X1 group having the structure represented by the above formula (I) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive characteristics.
- the X 1 group has the following formula:
- R6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a monovalent fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and m.
- the divalent organic group represented by Y1 is preferably an aromatic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and photosensitive characteristics, for example.
- R6 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a monovalent fluorine-containing hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer selected from 0 to 4.
- the Y 1 group has the following formula (3): ⁇ In the formula, R 6 to R 13 are independently hydrogen atoms, fluorine atoms, or monovalent organic groups, and at least one of R 6 to R 13 is a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a methoxy. It is a group. ⁇ Is more preferred. When the polyimide precursor resin has such a rigid structure, swelling of the film during development can be suppressed, and extremely high resolution can be exhibited.
- the Y 1 group has the following formula (4): ⁇ In the formula, R 14 and R 15 are each independently a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group or a methoxy group. ⁇ Is more preferred.
- the polyimide precursor resin has such a rigid structure, swelling of the film during development can be suppressed, and extremely high resolution can be exhibited.
- the polyimide precursor resin is first prepared from the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing a tetravalent organic group X 1 and alcohols having a photopolymerizable unsaturated double bond. And optionally react with alcohols that do not have an unsaturated double bond to prepare a partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid (hereinafter, also referred to as an acid / ester). Then, it can be obtained by amide polycondensing the partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid and the diamines containing the divalent organic group Y1 described above.
- a partially esterified tetracarboxylic acid hereinafter, also referred to as an acid / ester
- pyromellitic anhydride, diphenyl ether-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, benzophenone-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, biphenyl- 3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, diphenylsulfone-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, diphenylmethane-3,3', 4,4'-tetra Carcarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-anhydride) propane, 2,2-bis (3,4-anhydride) -1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa Fluoropropane and the like are preferably pyromellitic anhydride, diphenyl ether-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, benzophenone-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxy
- Examples of alcohols having a photopolymerizable unsaturated double bond that are preferably used for preparing a polyimide precursor resin include 2-acryloyloxyethyl alcohol, 1-acryloyloxy-3-propyl alcohol, and 2 -Acrylamide ethyl alcohol, methylol vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy- 3-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-t-butoxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-cyclohexyloxypropyl acrylate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl alcohol, 1-methacryloyloxy-3-propyl alcohol, 2-methacrylamide Ethyl alcohol, methylol vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl methacrylate
- the alcohols having a photopolymerizable unsaturated double bond include, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol.
- Neopentyl alcohol 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 1-nonanol, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl Alcohols having no unsaturated double bond such as ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and benzyl alcohol can also be mixed and used.
- a non-photosensitive polyimide precursor resin prepared only with alcohols having no unsaturated double bond may be mixed with a photosensitive polyimide precursor resin and used.
- the non-photosensitive polyimide precursor resin is preferably 200 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the photosensitive polyimide precursor.
- a polyimide precursor resin is obtained by adding a diamine containing a divalent organic group Y1 separately dissolved or dispersed in a solvent to an acid / ester polyacid anhydride and amide polycondensing the mixture. be able to.
- a polyimide precursor resin can be obtained by reacting the acid / ester with a diamine compound in the presence of a base such as pyridine after acid chloride-forming the acid moiety with thionyl chloride or the like. can.
- a polyamic acid is obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with a diamine compound in advance, and then a suitable dehydration condensing agent, for example, trifluoroacetic anhydride is used to obtain the obtained polyamide.
- a polyimide precursor resin can also be obtained by introducing the above alcohols into the carboxylic acid portion of the side chain of the acid.
- diamines containing the divalent organic group Y 1 include diamine having the structure represented by the above general formula (II), for example, p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether, and 3 , 4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone , 3,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-diaminobiphenyl,
- the water-absorbing by-products of the dehydration condensate coexisting in the reaction solution are filtered out as necessary.
- a poor solvent such as water, an aliphatic lower alcohol, or a mixed solution thereof is added to the obtained polymer component to precipitate the polymer component.
- the polymer is purified by repeating the redissolving and reprecipitation operations, and vacuum dried to isolate the desired polyimide precursor resin.
- a solution of this polymer may be passed through a column filled with anions and / or cation exchange resins swollen with an appropriate organic solvent to remove ionic impurities.
- the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor resin is preferably 8,000 to 150,000 and more preferably 9,000 to 50,000 when measured by the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography. preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight is 8,000 or more, the mechanical properties are good, and when it is 150,000 or less, the dispersibility in the developing solution is good, and the resolution performance of the relief pattern is good.
- Tetrahydrofuran and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are preferable as the developing solvent for gel permeation chromatography.
- the weight average molecular weight is obtained from a calibration curve prepared using standard monodisperse polystyrene. As the standard monodisperse polystyrene, it is preferable to select from Showa Denko's organic solvent-based standard sample STANDARD SM-105.
- the exposure line absorber is selected from materials in which the absorbance parameter Xt for the specified light ray type is in the range of 0.01 to 0.05. Within the above range, the absorbance of the film can be strictly adjusted within an appropriate addition amount range. When the absorbance parameter Xt is smaller than 0.01, a large amount of addition is required to adjust the absorbance, which causes side effects such as precipitation of the exposure ray absorber and inhibition of other performance. On the other hand, when the absorbance parameter Xt is larger than 0.05, the absorbance of the film changes dramatically with a small amount of addition, making strict adjustment difficult.
- the absorbance of the exposure ray absorber can be measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer using an exposure ray absorber adjusted to 10 mg / L using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent and using a 1 cm cell. ..
- the value obtained by dividing the obtained absorbance value at 365 nm by 10 is defined as the absorbance parameter Xt of the exposure ray absorber.
- the exposure ray absorber is selected from materials having an absorbance parameter Xt preferably in the range of 0.015 to 0.040, more preferably 0.015 to 0.03, and even more preferably 0.015 to 0.025. ..
- the absorbance parameter Xt for the specified light type is 0. It may be in the range of 01 to 0.05. It is preferable that all of the two or more exposure ray absorbers are selected so as to be within the range of 0.01 to 0.05 of the absorbance parameter Xt for the specified light ray type.
- the exposure ray absorber is preferably a 2- (2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole-based compound, a hydroxyphenyltriazine-based compound, a 2-hydroxybenzophenone-based compound, a cyanoacrylate-based compound, an azobenzene-based compound, a polyphenol-based compound, and It is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having a quinone azide group.
- Specific examples of the exposure ray absorber include 2- (2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and 2- (2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl).
- the exposure ray absorber is a quinone diazide compound.
- the quinone diazide compound include a compound having a 1,2-benzoquinone diazide structure and a compound having a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide structure.
- the quinone diazide compound is a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide-4-sulfonic acid ester of a polyhydroxy compound having a specific structure described in detail below from the viewpoint of resolution performance and the cross-sectional shape of the formed pattern, and the poly. More preferably, it is at least one compound (hereinafter, also referred to as “NQD compound”) selected from the group consisting of 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid esters of hydroxy compounds.
- NQD compound selected from the group consisting of 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid esters of hydroxy compounds.
- NQD compound has better solubility in a solvent than other exposure ray absorbers. As a result, even when a polyimide precursor resin having a low exposure ray absorbance is used or the film thickness used is thin, the absorbance of the coating film can be adjusted by adding a large amount of the NQD compound.
- the NQD compound is obtained by converting a naphthoquinone diazide sulfonic acid compound into a sulfonyl chloride with chlorosulfonic acid or thionyl chloride and subjecting the obtained naphthoquinone diazido sulfonyl chloride to a condensation reaction with a polyhydroxy compound according to a conventional method.
- a predetermined amount of a polyhydroxy compound and 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonyl chloride or 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonyl chloride in a solvent such as dioxane, acetone, or tetrahydrofuran is basic such as triethylamine. It can be obtained by reacting in the presence of a catalyst to carry out esterification, and washing and drying the obtained product with water.
- the compound having a quinonediazide group is a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonic acid ester and / or 1,2- of at least one hydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (6) to (10). It is preferably a naphthoquinone diazide-5-sulfonic acid ester compound.
- X 1 and X 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and X 3 and X 4 are.
- Z represents a tetravalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- X 5 , X 6 , X 7 and X 8 are independently monovalent organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- r6 is an integer of 0 or 1
- r5, r7, r8 and r9 are independently integers of 0 to 3
- r10, r11, r12 and r13 are independently. It is an integer from 0 to 2, and at least one of r10, r11, r12 and r13 is 1 or 2.
- r14 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- r15 represents an integer of 3 to 8
- r14 ⁇ r15 Ls are independently monovalent with 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- r15 T independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- r15 S each independently represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Represents 20 monovalent organic groups.
- A represents a divalent organic group containing an aliphatic tertiary or quaternary carbon, and M represents a divalent organic group.
- A is preferably the following chemical formula: Represents at least one divalent group selected from the three groups represented by.
- r17, r18, r19 and r20 are independently integers of 0 to 2, and at least one of r17, r18, r19 and r20 is 1 or 2, and X 10 to X 19 each independently represents at least one monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxy group, an allyl group and an acyl group, and Y 1 to Y.
- 3 are independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -CO 2- , cyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, phenylene and 1 to 1 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 to Y 3 are independently represented by the following general formula: ⁇ In the formula, X 20 and X 21 each independently represent at least one monovalent group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, and a substituted aryl group, and X 22 , X 23 , X 24 and X 25 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, r21 is an integer from 1 to 5, and X 26 , X 27 , X 28 and X 29 are independent, respectively. Represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- ⁇ Is preferably at least one selected from the three divalent organic groups represented by.
- the hydroxy compounds represented by the following formulas (11) and (17) to (20) are preferable, and the hydroxy compound represented by the formula (11) is more preferable.
- r20 is an integer of 0 to 2 independently
- X 9 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the plurality of X 9s may be the same or different from each other.
- X 9 is the following chemical formula: ⁇ In the formula, r18 is an integer from 0 to 2, X 31 represents at least one monovalent organic group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, and cycloalkyl groups, and r18 is 2. If, the two X31s may be the same as or different from each other. ⁇ It is preferably a monovalent organic group represented by.
- X 32 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a cycloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Represents one monovalent organic group.
- r19 is an integer of 0 to 2 independently, and X 33 is an independent hydrogen atom or the following general equation: (In the formula, r20 is an integer from 0 to 2, X 35 represents at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups, and if r20 is 2, then The two X 35s represent a monovalent organic group represented by (which may be the same as or different from each other), and the X 34 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a carbon number of carbon atoms. Represents at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-20 cycloalkyl groups. ⁇
- the compound represented by the above formula (20) is p-cumylphenol.
- the hydroxy compounds represented by the following formulas (21) to (23) have high sensitivity when they are made into NQD compounds, and in the PI precursor resin composition. It is preferable because it has low precipitation property (it is an NQD compound of a polyhydroxy compound described in JP-A-2004-109894).
- the hydroxy compound represented by the following formula (24) has high sensitivity when formed into an NQD compound and low precipitation property in the PI precursor resin composition. Therefore, it is preferable (it is an NQD compound of a polyhydroxy compound described in JP-A-2001-356475).
- the hydroxy compounds represented by the following formulas (25) to (27) have high sensitivity when made into an NQD compound, and precipitate in the PI precursor resin composition. It is preferable because of its low property (it is an NQD compound of a polyhydroxy compound described in JP-A-2005-8626).
- Z may be a tetravalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of sensitivity, the following formula: It is preferably a tetravalent group having a structure represented by.
- the hydroxy compounds represented by the following formulas (28) to (31) have high sensitivity when formed into NQD compounds, and are contained in the PI precursor resin composition. It is preferable because it has low precipitability in (NQD compound of polyhydroxy compound described in JP-A-2001-92138).
- the hydroxy compound represented by the following formula (32) has high sensitivity when made into an NQD compound and has a precipitation property in the PI precursor resin composition. It is preferable because it is low (it is an NQD compound of a polyhydroxy compound described in JP-A-2004-347902).
- r40 is an integer from 0 to 9 independently.
- the hydroxy compounds represented by the following formulas (33) and (34) have high sensitivity when formed into an NQD compound, and are contained in the PI precursor resin composition. Is preferable because of its low precipitation property.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (10) include NQD compounds of polyhydroxy compounds described in JP-A-2001-109149.
- the NQD compound of the polyhydroxy compound represented by the following formula (35) is preferable because it has high sensitivity and low precipitation property in the PI precursor resin composition.
- the 1,2-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group is excellent in resolution regardless of whether it is a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazido-5-sulfonyl group or a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazido-4-sulfonyl group.
- 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonyl group has better resolution.
- the average esterification rate of the naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester of the hydroxy compound is preferably 60% or more and 100% or less, and more preferably 80% or more and 100% or less from the viewpoint of resolution. It is presumed that this is because the hydroxy group in the (B') quinone diazide compound is esterified to suppress swelling during development.
- the 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonic acid ester compound and the 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid ester compound it is preferable to select one or both of the 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonic acid ester compound and the 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonic acid ester compound.
- a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide sulfonic acid ester compound having a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-4-sulfonyl group and a 1,2-naphthoquinonediazide-5-sulfonyl group in the same molecule can also be used.
- a 2-naphthoquinone diazide-4-sulfonic acid ester compound and a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide-5-sulfonic acid ester compound can also be mixed
- the photopolymerization initiator is selected from materials in which the absorbance parameter Xr for the specified light type is in the range of 0 to 0.04.
- the absorbance of the photopolymerization initiator can be measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer using a 1 cm cell after adjusting the photopolymerization initiator to 10 mg / L using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent. ..
- the value obtained by dividing the obtained absorbance value at 365 nm by 10 is defined as the absorbance parameter Xr of the photopolymerization initiator.
- the photopolymerization initiator is selected from compounds having an absorbance parameter Xr preferably in the range of 0 to 0.03, more preferably 0 to 0.02, and even more preferably 0 to 0.01.
- the absorbance parameter Xr 0 to 0 to the specified light type as a mixture of the two or more kinds of photopolymerization initiators. It may be within the range of 0.04. It is preferable that all of the two or more photopolymerization initiators are selected so as to be within the range of 0 to 0.04 of the absorbance parameter Xr for the specified light type.
- the photopolymerization initiator is preferably a photoradical polymerization initiator, and benzophenone derivatives such as benzophenone, methyl o-benzoyl benzoate, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenylketone, dibenzylketone, and fluorenone, 2, Acetphenone derivatives such as 2'-diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, thioxanthone derivatives such as thioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone, benzyl, Benzyl derivatives such as benzyl dimethyl ketal and benzyl- ⁇ -methoxyethyl acetal, benzoin derivatives such as benzoin and benzoin methyl ether, 1-phenyl-1,2-butandion-2- (o-methoxy
- Photobase generators such as 9-anthrylmethyl-N, N-diethylcarbamate and the like are preferred, but are not limited thereto.
- photopolymerization initiators oximes are more preferable in terms of photosensitivity.
- R 16 , R 17 and R 18 are monovalent organic groups, respectively, and R 16 and R 17 may be connected to each other to form a ring structure.
- R 16 and R 17 may be connected to each other to form a ring structure.
- the compound has an oxime ester structure represented by.
- R 1 is a methyl group or a phenyl group
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. It is an alkoxy group or a phenyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Z is a sulfur or oxygen atom
- R 4 represents a methyl group, a phenyl group
- R 5 to R 7 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 8 is a monovalent organic group derived from an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and a heterocyclic compound having 5 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 9 is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 10 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a monovalent organic group having a saturated alicyclic structure having 3 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 11 is a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group. Represents a group or a phenyl group.
- solvent examples include amides, sulfoxides, ureas, ketones, esters, lactones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, alcohols and the like, and examples thereof include N-.
- Methyl-2-pyrrolidone N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, acetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methylacetate, ethyl acetate, butylacetate, Diethyl oxalate, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, butyl lactate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, benzyl alcohol, phenyl glycol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, morpholin , Dichloromethane, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 1,2-dichloroethane,
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene from the viewpoint of resin solubility, stability of resin composition, and adhesion to substrate.
- Glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, benzyl alcohol, phenyl glycol, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol are preferred.
- solvents those that completely dissolve the produced polymer are preferable, and for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3-.
- examples thereof include methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, tetramethylurea and gamma-butyrolactone.
- the solvent may be one kind, or two or more kinds of solvents may be mixed and used.
- the amount of the solvent used is preferably 100 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 120 to 700 parts by mass, and further preferably 125 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor resin. It is in the range of ⁇ 500 parts by mass.
- the PI precursor resin composition may further contain components other than the above components (A) to (D) (hereinafter, also referred to as "other components”).
- the components other than the components (A) to (D) are not limited, but are (E) a photopolymerizable compound, a thermobase generator, (H) a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor, and (F) hindered phenol. Examples thereof include compounds, organic titanium compounds, adhesive aids, sensitizers, and (G) polymerization inhibitors.
- the materials having the absorbance parameter Xt of 0.01 to 0.05 are classified as "exposure ray absorbers" in principle.
- the material included in the “other components” even if the material has an absorbance parameter Xt of 0.01 to 0.05, it absorbs light by itself and provides the obtained energy to another compound. Compounds that thereby promote the improvement of system sensitivity are classified as "sensitizers". The use of a sensitizer increases the sensitivity of the system, resulting in a narrower usable exposure range and a tendency to promote residue formation at the bottom of the unexposed area, exhibiting the opposite effect of an exposure line absorber. .. Further, among the materials included in the "other components", even a material having an absorbance parameter Xt of 0.01 to 0.05 has an interaction site with a copper interface such as an imino group or an amino group.
- Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are classified as (H) "nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust preventives". Further, among the materials included in the "other components", even if the material has an absorbance parameter Xt of 0.01 to 0.05, a compound having an interaction site with the silicon wafer interface such as an alkoxysilane structure. Is classified as an "adhesive aid”. This is because these "nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust preventives" and “adhesive aids" are unevenly distributed near the wafer interface and therefore have no effect of adjusting the absorbance of the entire film.
- the PI precursor resin composition preferably further contains a photopolymerizable compound.
- the photopolymerizable compound is a monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond and capable of assisting the formation of crosslinks of the polyimide precursor resin by exposure.
- a (meth) acrylic compound that undergoes a radical polymerization reaction with a photopolymerization initiator is preferable.
- the photopolymerizable compound is not limited, for example, mono or diacrylate and methacrylate of ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol such as diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, mono or diacrylate and methacrylate of propylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.
- Gglycerol mono di or triacrylate and methacrylate, cyclohexane diacrylate and dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate and dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate Acrylate and dimethacrylate, mono or diacrylate and methacrylate of bisphenol A, benzenetrimethacrylate, isobornyl acrylate and methacrylate, acrylamide and its derivatives, methacrylicamide and its derivatives, trimethylpropantriacrylate and methacrylate, di or tri of glycerol.
- Examples include compounds such as acrylates and methacrylates, di, tri, or tetraacrylates and methacrylates of pentaerythritol, and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adducts of these compounds.
- the blending amount of the monomer having a photopolymerizable unsaturated bond is 1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor resin. It is preferably about 50 parts by mass.
- the blending amount is 1 part by mass or more, good sensitivity is obtained at the time of exposure, and when it is 50 parts by mass or less, the in-plane uniformity of the coating film is excellent.
- the thermal base generator PI precursor resin composition may contain a base generator.
- a base generator is a compound that generates a base when heated. By containing the thermobase generator, the imidization of the PI precursor resin composition can be further promoted.
- thermobase generator is not particularly specified, and examples thereof include an amine compound protected by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a thermobase generator disclosed in International Publication No. 2017/038598, and the like.
- present invention is not limited to these, and other known thermobase generators can be used.
- Amine compounds protected by the tert-butoxycarbonyl group include, for example, ethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 4-amino-1-butanol.
- 2-Amino-1-butanol 1-amino-2-butanol, 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 4-amino-2-methyl-1-butanol, valinol, 3-amino-1 , 2-Propanediol, 2-Amino-1,3-Propanediol, Tyramine, Norephedrine, 2-Amino-1-phenyl-1,3-Propanediol, 2-Aminocyclohexanol, 4-Aminocyclohexanol, 4 -Aminocyclohexaneethanol, 4- (2-aminoethyl) cyclohexanol, N-methylethanolamine, 3- (methylamino) -1-propanol, 3- (isopropylamino) propanol, N-cyclohexylethanolamine, ⁇ -[ 2- (Methylamino) ethyl] benzyl alcohol, di
- the blending amount of the thermobase generator is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin. be.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more from the viewpoint of the imidization promoting effect, and preferably 20 parts by mass or less from the viewpoint of the physical properties of the photosensitive resin layer after curing of the PI precursor resin composition.
- Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor PI precursor When a cured film is formed on a substrate made of copper or a copper alloy using a resin composition, a PI precursor is used to suppress discoloration on copper.
- the resin composition may optionally contain a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor include azole compounds and purine derivatives. However, 2- (2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole-based compounds are not included in the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust preventive because they do not have a coordination site for copper.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor is preferably a compound having an imino group or an amino group.
- Examples of the azole compound include 1H-triazole, 5-methyl-1H-triazole, 5-ethyl-1H-triazole, 4,5-dimethyl-1H-triazole, 5-phenyl-1H-triazole, and 4-t-butyl.
- triltriazole 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, and 5-amino-1H-tetrazole can be mentioned. Further, these azole compounds may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more kinds.
- purine derivative examples include purine, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, theobromine, caffeine, uric acid, isoguanine, 2,6-diaminopurine, 9-methyladenine, 2-hydroxyadenine, 2-methyladenine, 1-Methyladenine, N-methyladenine, N, N-dimethyladenine, 2-fluoroadenine, guanine oxime, 8-aminoadenine, 6-amino-8-phenyl-9H-purine, 1-ethyladenine, 6-ethyl Aminopurine, 1-benzyladenine, N-methylguanine, 7- (2-hydroxyethyl) guanine, N- (3-chlorophenyl) guanine, N- (3-ethylphenyl) guanine, 2-azaadenine, 5-azaadenine, Examples thereof include 8-azaadenine, 8-azaguanine, 8-azagu
- the blending amount is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin, and the light sensitivity. From the viewpoint of characteristics, 0.5 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the blending amount of the azole compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin is 0.1 part by mass or more, or when the PI precursor resin composition is formed on copper or a copper alloy, the copper or copper alloy is formed. Discoloration of the surface is suppressed, while when the amount is 20 parts by mass or less, the light sensitivity is excellent.
- the PI precursor resin composition may optionally contain the hindered phenol compound.
- the hindered phenol compound is, but is not limited to, for example, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,5-di-t-butyl-hydroquinone, octadecyl-3- (3).
- hinderedphenol compound examples include 1,3,5-tris (3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,5- (3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-( 1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 1,3,5-tris (4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,5-( 1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 1,3,5-tris (4-s-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,5-( 1H, 3H, 5H) -trione, 1,3,5-tris [4- (1-ethylpropyl) -3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl] -1,3,5-tria
- 1,3,5-tris (4-t-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6- (1H, 3H, 5H) ) -Trione or the like is particularly preferable.
- the blending amount of the hindered phenol compound is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, and 0.5 to 10 parts by mass from the viewpoint of light sensitivity characteristics, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin. Is more preferable. Copper when the blending amount of the hindered phenol compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin is 0.1 parts by mass or more, for example, when the PI precursor resin composition is formed on copper or a copper alloy. Alternatively, discoloration and corrosion of the copper alloy are prevented, while when the amount is 20 parts by mass or less, the light sensitivity is excellent.
- the organic titanium compound PI precursor resin composition may contain an organic titanium compound.
- an organic titanium compound By containing the organic titanium compound, a photosensitive resin layer having excellent chemical resistance can be formed even when cured at a low temperature.
- Examples of the organic titanium compound that can be used include those in which an organic chemical substance is bonded to a titanium atom via a covalent bond or an ionic bond.
- Specific examples of the organic titanium compound are shown in I) to VII) below:
- I) Titanium chelate compound Among them, a titanium chelate having two or more alkoxy groups is more preferable because the storage stability of the PI precursor resin composition and a good pattern can be obtained.
- Specific examples are titanium bis (triethanolamine) diisopropoxyside, titanium di (n-butoxide) bis (2,4-pentanionate, titanium diisopropoxyside bis (2,4-pentanionate)).
- Titanium diisopropoxyside bis titanium diisopropoxyside bis (etramethylheptandionate), titanium diisopropoxyside bis (ethylacetacetate) and the like.
- Titanium Alkoxy Titanium Compounds For example, Titanium Tetra (n-Butoxide), Titanium Tetraethoxide, Titanium Tetra (2-ethylhexoxide), Titanium Tetraisobutoxide, Titanium Tetraisopropoxyside, Titanium Tetramethoxide.
- Titanium Tetramethoxypropoxyside Titanium Tetramethylphenoxide, Titanium Tetra (n-Noniloxide), Titanium Tetra (n-Propoxide), Titanium Tetrasteeryloxyside, Titanium Tetrakiss [Bis ⁇ 2,2- (Aryloxymethyl) Butokiside ⁇ ] etc.
- Titanocene compounds for example, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium trimethoxide, bis ( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl) bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) titanium, bis ( ⁇ 5-2, 2).
- Monoalkoxytitanium compound For example, titanium tris (dioctyl phosphate) isopropoxyside, titanium tris (dodecylbenzene sulfonate) isopropoxide, and the like.
- Titanium oxide compound For example, titanium oxide bis (pentanionate), titanium oxide bis (tetramethylheptandionate), phthalocyanine titanium oxide and the like.
- Titanium tetraacetylacetonate compound For example, titanium tetraacetylacetoneate and the like.
- Titanate Coupling Agent For example, isopropyltridodecylbenzenesulfonyl titanate and the like.
- the organic titanium compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned I) titanium chelate compound, II) tetraalkoxytitanium compound, and III) titanocene compound, which exhibits better chemical resistance. It is preferable from the viewpoint.
- titanium diisopropoxyside bis ethylacetacetate
- titanium tetra n-butoxide
- -Pyrrole-1-yl) phenyl) titanium is preferred.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin. ..
- the blending amount is 0.05 parts by mass or more, good heat resistance and chemical resistance are exhibited, while when it is 10 parts by mass or less, the storage stability is excellent.
- the PI precursor resin composition may optionally contain an adhesive aid in order to improve the adhesion between the film formed using the PI precursor resin composition and the substrate.
- an adhesive aid include ⁇ -aminopropyldimethoxysilane, N- ( ⁇ -aminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and the like.
- the blending amount of the adhesive auxiliary is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin.
- the silane coupling agent is not limited, but for example, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shinetsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: trade name KBM803, manufactured by Chisso Co., Ltd .: trade name Sila Ace S810), 3-mercapto.
- Propyltriethoxysilane (manufactured by Asmax Co., Ltd .: trade name SIM6475.0), 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shinetsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: trade name LS1375, manufactured by Azmax Co., Ltd .: trade name SIM6474.0), mercaptomethyl Trimethoxysilane (Azmax Co., Ltd .: trade name SIM6473.5C), mercaptomethylmethyldimethoxysilane (Azmax Co., Ltd .: trade name SIM6473.0), 3-mercaptopropyldiethoxymethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylethoxydimethoxysilane , 3-Mercaptopropyltripropoxysilane, 3-Mercaptopropyldiethoxypropoxysilane, 3-Mercaptopropylethoxydipropoxysilane, 3-Mercaptopropylethoxydipropoxysilane
- the silane coupling agent is not limited, but for example, N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) urea (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: trade name LS3610, manufactured by Asmax Co., Ltd .: trade name SIU9055).
- N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) urea manufactured by Asmax Co., Ltd .: trade name SIU9058.0
- N- (3-diethoxymethoxysilylpropyl) urea N- (3-ethoxydimethoxysilylpropyl) ) Urea
- N- (3-tripropoxysilylpropyl) urea N- (3-diethoxypropoxysilylpropyl) urea
- N- (3-methoxydipropoxysilylpropyl) urea N- (3-trimethoxysilylethyl) urea
- N- (3-ethoxydimethoxysilylethyl) urea N- (3-tripropoxysilylethyl) Urea
- silane coupling agent examples include 2- (trimethoxysilylethyl) pyridine (manufactured by Azmax Co., Ltd .: trade name: SIT8396.0), 2- (triethoxysilylethyl) pyridine, and 2- (dimethoxysilylmethylethyl).
- silane coupling agents listed above may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- silane coupling agents listed above from the viewpoint of storage stability, phenylsilanetriol, trimethoxyphenylsilane, trimethoxy (p-tolyl) silane, diphenylsilanediol, dimethoxydiphenylsilane, diethoxydiphenylsilane, dimethoxydi- p-Tolylsilane, triphenylsilanol, and the following formula:
- a silane coupling agent having a structure represented by is preferable.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin.
- the sensitizer PI precursor resin composition may optionally contain a sensitizer in order to improve photosensitivity.
- a sensitizer examples include Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 2,5-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal) cyclopentane, and 2,6-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal).
- the blending amount is 0.1 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) polyimide precursor resin. preferable.
- the PI precursor resin composition contains a polymerization inhibitor in order to improve the stability of the viscosity and photosensitivity of the PI precursor resin composition, especially when stored in a solution containing a solvent. It may be optionally included.
- the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, p-tert-butylcatechol, phenothiazine, N-phenylnaphthylamine, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid, glycol ether diamine tetraacetic acid, 2,6-.
- ⁇ Content determination process> In the content determination step, the following formula (1): 0.7 ⁇ (Xp + Xt ⁇ ⁇ + Xr ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ D ⁇ 2.2 (1) Assuming a prebake film coated with the absorbance parameter Xp of the polyimide precursor resin, the absorbance parameter Xt of the exposure ray absorber, the absorbance parameter Xr of the photopolymerization initiator, and the PI precursor resin composition to remove the solvent. From the thickness D, the added mass portion ⁇ of the exposure ray absorber and the added mass portion ⁇ of the photopolymerization initiator are determined. The parts by mass ⁇ and ⁇ are parts by mass when the polyimide precursor resin is 100 parts by mass.
- the inventors Since the degree of absorption of the light ray type (for example, i-ray) differs depending on the skeleton of the PI precursor resin, the inventors have made light rays of the resin composition as a whole with other components according to the absorption degree parameter of the PI precursor resin. It has been found that the absorption characteristics need to be adjusted to the above specific range. As a result, it is possible to obtain a PI precursor resin composition which is suitable for the film thickness used, has excellent resolution performance, and has a wide range of exposure amount used. The reason is not limited to the theory, but by setting the absorbance of the PI precursor resin composition coating film within the range of the above formula (1), the amount of light reaching the bottom of the film at the time of exposure is adjusted. This is considered to be because it is possible to suppress diffused reflection in the base material at the bottom of the film and suppress an unintended cross-linking reaction in the unexposed portion.
- the absorbance of the PI precursor resin composition coating film within the range of the above formula (1), the amount of light
- the value of (Xp + Xt ⁇ ⁇ + Xr ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ D is preferably in the range of 0.7 to 2.2, and more preferably in the range of 0.7 to 1.4.
- the value in the formula (1) is less than 0.7, a large amount of residue is generated at the developing opening due to diffused reflection on the base material at the bottom of the film during exposure, and good resolution performance cannot be obtained.
- the PI precursor resin composition is adjusted so as to satisfy the equation (1) by using only the photopolymerization initiator without using the exposure line absorber, the sensitivity to the exposure line becomes high and the usable exposure amount is increased. The range is narrow and the handleability is low.
- Eq the value of Eq.
- the ideal tapered shape refers to a shape in which the wall surface angle of the pattern is about 70 ° to 80 °. If the wall surface angle is 70 ° or more, the coating of the wiring in the lower layer of the PI cured film is improved and the risk of exposing the lower layer wiring can be reduced. If the wall surface angle is 80 ° or less, the RDL wiring formed in the upper layer of the PI cured film The seed layer sputtering of the seed layer is improved, and the risk of poorly formed RDL wiring is reduced.
- the estimated thickness D of the prebake film is the estimated thickness of the prebake film obtained by coating the PI precursor resin composition and removing the solvent.
- the actual thickness of the prebaked film obtained by coating the PI precursor resin composition and removing the solvent is distinguished as D'.
- the assumed thickness D of the prebaked film is preferably set from 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and further preferably 1 ⁇ m to less than 7 ⁇ m.
- the blending amount ⁇ of the exposure line absorber determined by the above formula (1) is based on 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor resin when i-line is set as the exposure line and 10 ⁇ m is set as the assumed prebak film thickness D. For example, it may be 0.1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less, 1 part by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, or 1 part by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less.
- the blending amount ⁇ of the photopolymerization initiator determined by the above formula (1) is based on 100 parts by mass of the polyimide precursor resin when i-line is set as the exposure line and 10 ⁇ m is set as the assumed prebak film thickness D. For example, it may be 0.1 part by mass or more and 10 parts by mass, 1 part by mass or more and 8 parts by mass or less, or 1 part by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less.
- ⁇ Preparation step of PI precursor resin composition In the step of preparing the PI precursor resin composition, the determined PI precursor resin, the determined exposure ray absorber of the added mass part ⁇ , the photopolymerization initiator of the determined added mass part ⁇ , the solvent, and optional selection.
- the PI precursor resin composition is adjusted so as to include other materials. More specifically, for example, each material can be charged and mixed in a selected solvent to obtain a PI precursor resin composition.
- the viscosity of the PI precursor resin composition may be adjusted to, for example, 10 to 100 poise. If necessary, the PI precursor resin composition may be filtered.
- the method for producing the relief pattern film of the present disclosure is as follows: (1) A PI precursor containing a PI precursor resin, an exposure ray absorber, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent according to the above-mentioned method for producing a PI precursor resin composition. A step of producing a resin composition; (2) a coating step of obtaining a coating film of a PI precursor resin composition; (3) a prebaked film having a thickness of D'by removing the solvent in the coating film. The drying step; (4) the prebaked film is exposed to the specified light type, the exposure step; (5) the photosensitive resin layer is developed after the exposure to obtain a relief pattern film, and the developing step is performed. include.
- Step of Producing PI Precursor Resin Composition This step is a step of producing a PI precursor resin composition by the above-described manufacturing step of the PI precursor resin composition of the present disclosure.
- the PI precursor resin composition is applied onto an arbitrary base material to obtain a coating film of the PI precursor resin composition.
- a coating method a method conventionally used for coating a PI precursor resin composition, for example, a method of coating with a spin coater, a bar coater, a blade coater, a curtain coater, a screen printing machine, or the like, or spray coating with a spray coater. And the like can be used.
- the solvent in the coating film of the PI precursor resin composition is removed to obtain a prebaked film having an actual thickness of D'.
- the actual thickness D' may be the same as or close to the assumed thickness D, and may be in the range of, for example, the assumed thickness D ⁇ 5%.
- the thickness D' is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m to less than 7 ⁇ m.
- the solvent removal method include air drying, heat drying using an oven or a hot plate, and vacuum drying or vacuum drying. Specifically, in the case of air drying or heat drying, drying can be performed at 20 ° C. to 150 ° C. for 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the pre-baked film having a thickness of D'after solvent removal more preferably satisfies 0.7 ⁇ (Xp + Xt ⁇ ⁇ + Xr ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ D' ⁇ 2.2, and 0.7 ⁇ (Xp + Xt ⁇ ⁇ + Xr ⁇ ⁇ ) ⁇ . It is more preferable that D' ⁇ 1.4.
- the photosensitive resin layer formed above is exposed with the specified light ray type.
- the exposure is performed using an exposure device such as a contact aligner, a mirror projection, a stepper, or the like, through a photomask or reticle having a pattern, or directly with an ultraviolet light source or the like.
- an exposure device such as a contact aligner, a mirror projection, a stepper, or the like
- the polyimide precursor contained in the PI precursor resin composition of the exposed portion is crosslinked by the action of the photopolymerization initiator and becomes insoluble in the developing solution.
- the photosensitive resin layer is developed after exposure to obtain a relief pattern film.
- the unexposed portion of the photosensitive resin layer after exposure is developed and removed by bringing it into contact with a developing solution.
- a developing solution any method can be selected and used from conventionally known photoresist developing methods, for example, a rotary spray method, a paddle method, a dipping method accompanied by ultrasonic treatment, and the like.
- post-development baking may be performed at an arbitrary combination of temperature and time, if necessary, for the purpose of adjusting the shape of the relief pattern.
- a good solvent for the PI precursor resin composition or a combination of the good solvent and a poor solvent is preferable.
- a good solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like are preferable. ..
- the poor solvent for example, toluene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl lactate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, water and the like are preferable.
- a good solvent and a poor solvent are mixed and used, it is preferable to adjust the ratio of the poor solvent to the good solvent by the solubility of the polymer in the PI precursor resin composition.
- two or more kinds of each solvent for example, several kinds can be used in combination.
- the method for producing a cured film of the present disclosure includes (5) a step of curing the relief pattern film produced by the above-mentioned developing step to form a cured film (cured relief pattern).
- the relief pattern obtained by the above development is heat-treated to dilute the photosensitive component, and the polyimide precursor resin is imidized to form a cured relief pattern made of polyimide.
- various methods can be selected, for example, a method using a hot plate, a method using an oven, a method using a temperature-increasing oven in which a temperature program can be set, and the like.
- the heat treatment can be performed, for example, at 160 ° C. to 350 ° C. for 30 minutes to 5 hours.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- Air may be used as the atmospheric gas at the time of heat curing, or an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon may be used.
- a cured film of a PI precursor resin composition is also provided by the method for producing a cured film.
- the cured film is, that is, a cured relief pattern of polyimide.
- the imidization ratio of the polyimide is preferably 80 to 100%.
- the structure of the polyimide contained in the cured film (cured relief pattern) formed from the polyimide precursor resin composition is preferably represented by the following general formula. ⁇ In the above general formula, X 1 and Y 1 are the same as X 1 and Y 1 in the general formula (1), and m is a positive integer. ⁇
- the preferable X 1 and Y 1 in the general formula (1) are also preferable in the polyimide having the structure represented by the general formula for the same reason.
- the number of repeating units m is not particularly limited, but may be an integer of 2 to 150.
- a semiconductor device having a cured relief pattern obtained by the above-mentioned method for producing a cured relief pattern is also provided.
- a semiconductor device having a base material which is a semiconductor element and a cured relief pattern of polyimide formed on the base material by the above-described cured relief pattern manufacturing method is also provided.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device which uses a semiconductor element as a base material and includes the above-described method for manufacturing a cured relief pattern as part of a process.
- the semiconductor device is a semiconductor device having a surface protective film, an interlayer insulating film, an insulating film for rewiring, a protective film for a flip chip device, or a bump structure of a cured relief pattern formed by the method for producing a cured relief pattern of the present disclosure. It can be manufactured by forming it as a protective film or the like and combining it with a known manufacturing method of a semiconductor device.
- the present disclosure is a display body device including a display body element and a cured film provided on the upper portion of the display body element, and the cured film can provide a display body device having the above-mentioned cured relief pattern. ..
- the cured relief pattern may be laminated in direct contact with the display element, or may be laminated with another layer sandwiched between them.
- examples of the cured film include a surface protective film, an insulating film, and a flattening film for a TFT liquid crystal display element and a color filter element, protrusions for an MVA type liquid crystal display device, and a partition wall for an organic EL element cathode. ..
- the PI precursor resin composition of the present disclosure is preferably a PI precursor resin composition for forming an insulating member or an interlayer insulating film.
- the PI precursor resin composition is also useful for applications such as interlayer insulating films for multilayer circuits, cover coats for flexible copper-clad plates, solder resist films, and liquid crystal alignment films. be.
- the precipitate formed in the reaction mixture was removed by filtration to obtain a reaction solution.
- the obtained reaction solution was added to 3 L of ethyl alcohol to form a precipitate composed of a crude polymer.
- the produced crude polymer was filtered off and dissolved in 1.5 L of tetrahydrofuran to obtain a crude polymer solution.
- the obtained crude polymer solution was added dropwise to 28 L of water to precipitate the polymer, the obtained precipitate was filtered off, and then vacuum dried to obtain a powdered polyamic acid ester, PI precursor resin A-1.
- the molecular weight of the PI precursor resin A-1 was measured by gel permeation chromatography (standard polystyrene conversion), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 30,000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the PI precursor resin A-1 was measured by the gel permeation chromatography method (standard polystyrene conversion) under the following conditions.
- the column used for the measurement was Showa Denko KK's brand name "Shodex 805M / 806M series", standard monodisperse polystyrene was selected, and the developing solvent was N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- ⁇ Manufacturing example 2> Place 155.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) in a separable flask with a volume of 3 L, add 135.4 g of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 400 mL of ⁇ -butyrolactone, and stir at room temperature. , 158.2 g of pyridine was added with stirring to obtain a reaction mixture. After the heat generated by the reaction was completed, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and left for 16 hours. Subsequently, under ice-cooling, 130.9 g of thionyl chloride was added dropwise to the ODPA-HEMA solution over 60 minutes with stirring to obtain an acid chloride solution of ODPA.
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- the obtained reaction solution was added to 3 L of ethyl alcohol to form a precipitate composed of a crude polymer.
- the produced crude polymer was filtered off and dissolved in 1.5 L of tetrahydrofuran to obtain a crude polymer solution.
- the obtained crude polymer solution was added dropwise to 28 L of water to precipitate the polymer, the obtained precipitate was filtered off, and then vacuum dried to obtain a powdered polyamic acid ester, PI precursor resin A-2.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- ⁇ Manufacturing example 5> Instead of 155.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride (ODPA) of Production Example 3, 93.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride (ODPA) and 3,3', 4,4'- Same as the method described in Production Example 3 above, except that 58.8 g of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BPDA) was used and 93.0 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (DADPE) was changed to 87.6 g. The reaction was carried out to obtain PI precursor resin A-5. When the molecular weight of the PI precursor resin A-5 was measured by the same method as in Production Example 1, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 20,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- ⁇ Manufacturing example 6> Instead of 155.1 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) of Production Example 1, 32.72 g of pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA) and 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dihydride Except for using 112.78 g of anhydride and 85.10 g of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (DADPE) instead of 94.4 g of 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (mTB). , The reaction was carried out in the same manner as described in Production Example 1 described above to obtain PI precursor resin A-6. When the molecular weight of the PI precursor resin A-6 was measured by the same method as in Production Example 1, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 28,000.
- PI precursor resin A-7 As described above, except that 91.0 g of 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (mTB) was used instead of 142.3 g of 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine in Production Example 2. The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production Example 2 to obtain PI precursor resin A-7. When the molecular weight of the PI precursor resin A-7 was measured by the same method as in Production Example 1, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) was 32,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- catalytic amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] ctatorylenediamine was dissolved in NMP, stirred at 45 ° C. for 1 hour, and then cooled to 25 ° C. Then, 27.4 g of 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (mTB) and 145 mL of NMP were added, and the mixture was stirred at 45 ° C. for 150 minutes and then cooled to room temperature.
- mTB 2,2'-di
- the reaction was then filtered to remove triethylamine hydrochloride. 1640 g of pure water and 30 g of hydrochloric acid were mixed and stirred in a 3 L beaker, and the filtrate was added dropwise to the mixture with stirring to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was washed with water and filtered, and then dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (B-1).
- Synthesis of compound B-2 having a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide structure 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide instead of 53.56 g (0.198 mol) of 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide-5-sulfonic acid chloride in Synthesis Example 1
- the reaction and purification were carried out in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 described above except that 47.82 g (0.177 mol) of -4-sulfonic acid chloride was used to obtain photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (B-2). Obtained.
- the reaction was then filtered to remove triethylamine hydrochloride. 1640 g of pure water and 30 g of hydrochloric acid were mixed and stirred in a 3 L beaker, and the filtrate was added dropwise to the mixture with stirring to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was washed with water and filtered, and then dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (B-4).
- Synthesis of compound B-5 having a 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide structure 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide instead of 38.1 g (0.141 mol) of 1,2-naphthoquinone diazide-5-sulfonic acid chloride in Synthesis Example 4
- the reaction and purification were carried out in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 4 described above except that 38.1 g (0.141 mol) of -4-sulfonic acid chloride was used to obtain photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (B-5). Obtained.
- the reaction was then filtered to remove triethylamine hydrochloride. 1640 g of pure water and 22 g of hydrochloric acid were mixed and stirred in a 3 L beaker, and the filtrate was added dropwise to the mixture with stirring to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was washed with water and filtered, and then dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (B-6).
- the reaction was then filtered to remove triethylamine hydrochloride. 1640 g of pure water and 22 g of hydrochloric acid were mixed and stirred in a 3 L beaker, and the filtrate was added dropwise to the mixture with stirring to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was washed with water and filtered, and then dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (B-7).
- the reaction was then filtered to remove triethylamine hydrochloride. 1600 g of pure water and 22 g of hydrochloric acid were mixed and stirred in a 3 L beaker, and the filtrate was added dropwise to the mixture with stirring to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was washed with water and filtered, and then dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain photosensitive diazonaphthoquinone (B-13).
- Examples 1-32 and Comparative Examples 1-26 Determination of composition ratio of polyimide precursor resin composition >> ⁇ Example 1>
- the ray type used for exposure was specified as i-ray.
- the resin shown in Table 4 was selected as the (A) polyimide precursor resin having an absorbance parameter Xp in the range of 0.001 to 0.20.
- the compounds shown in Table 4 were selected as exposure ray absorbers having an absorbance parameter Xt in the range of 0.01 to 0.05.
- the compounds shown in Table 4 were selected as the (C) photopolymerization initiator having an absorbance parameter Xr in the range of 0 to 0.04.
- the assumed thickness D of the prebake film was set to 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 to 32> The composition ratio of the polyimide precursor resin composition was determined in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the viscosity of the obtained solution was adjusted to about 40 poise by further adding a small amount of the above mixed solvent, and filtered through a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a resin composition.
- the symbols in the table mean the following components, respectively.
- (B) The following (B-1) to (B-11) were used as the exposure line absorbers.
- (B-1) Diazonaphthoquinone compound obtained in Synthesis Example 1 described above
- (B-2) Diazonaphthoquinone compound obtained in Synthesis Example 2 described above
- (B-3) Obtained in Synthesis Example 3 described above.
- Diazonaphthoquinone compound (B-4) Diazonaphthoquinone compound (B-5) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 described above: Diazonaphthoquinone compound (B-6) obtained in Synthesis Example 5 described above: Synthesis example described above Diazonaphthoquinone compound (B-7) obtained in Synthesis Example 6: Diazonaphthoquinone compound (B-8) obtained in Synthesis Example 7 described above: Diazonaphthoquinone compound (B-9) obtained in Synthesis Example 8 described above: 2- (2H-benzotriazole-2-yl) -4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol (trade name: Adecastab LA-29, manufactured by ADEKA Co., Ltd.) (B-10): 2,2', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (trade name: SEESORB106, manufactured by Cipro Kasei Co., Ltd.) (B-11): Curcumin (manufactured by Tokyo
- C-1) 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione-2- [O- (ethoxycarbonyl) oxime] (trade name: Quanture-PDO, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.)
- C-2) 1,2-octanedione-1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl] -2- (O-benzoyloxime) (trade name: IRGACURE-OXE-01, manufactured by BASF)
- C-3) 1- [9-ethyl-6- (2-methylbenzoyl) -9H-carbazole-3-yl]-, 1- (O-acetyloxime) (trade name: IRGACURE OXE-02, BASF) Made by the company)
- C-4) N-Phenylglycine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- (E-1) Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- (H-1) to (H-2) were used as the (H) nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor.
- H-2) 8-Azaadenin (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- H-2) 5-Amino-1H-tetrazole (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- a prebaked film having a thickness of 10.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m (D') was prepared.
- a gh line cut filter is attached to this spin coat film by a 1x projection exposure device PrismaGHI S / N5503 (manufactured by Ultratech) using a reticle with a test pattern having a rounded concave 10 ⁇ m diameter pattern, and from 30 mJ / cm 2 . Exposure was performed by changing the exposure amount in increments of 15 mJ / cm 2 up to 210 mJ / cm 2 .
- the coating film formed on the sputtered Cu wafer was spray-developed with a developing machine (D-SPIN 636 type, manufactured by Dainippon Screen Co., Ltd.) using cyclopentanone, rinsed with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and polyamic acid. An ester pattern was obtained.
- the development time for spray development was defined as 1.4 times the minimum time for developing the unexposed resin composition in the 10.0 ⁇ m spin-coated film.
- ⁇ Evaluation of taper shape of pattern> The cross section of the rounded concave 10 ⁇ m diameter pattern obtained above is machined using an FIB device (JIB-4000, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), the cross-sectional shape of the pattern is observed, and the taper angle of the pattern with respect to the substrate is determined. It was obtained by measuring the inclination at the midpoint.
- the pattern cross-sectional shape the one having a taper angle of 70 ° to 80 ° was judged to be excellent (AA), the one having a taper angle of 80 ° to 90 ° was regarded as good (A), and the other patterns were judged to be unacceptable (D).
- FIG. 1 A FIB photograph of the pattern cross-sectional shape obtained in Example 1 is shown in FIG. Further, an auxiliary line (1) showing the inclination at the midpoint in the pattern is shown in FIG.
- the taper angle of the pattern obtained in Example 1 with respect to the substrate (auxiliary line (2)) was 82 °. In the taper shape evaluation, those that did not pass the pattern shape did not perform the following maximum resolution evaluation and sensitivity tolerance evaluation.
- Examples 33 to 49 and Comparative Examples 27 to 40 Determination of composition ratio of polyimide precursor resin composition >> ⁇ Example 33>
- the ray type used for exposure was specified as i-ray.
- the resin shown in Table 8 was selected as the (A) polyimide precursor resin having an absorbance parameter Xp in the range of 0.001 to 0.20.
- the compounds shown in Table 8 were selected as exposure ray absorbers having an absorbance parameter Xt in the range of 0.01 to 0.05.
- the compounds shown in Table 8 were selected as the (C) photopolymerization initiator having an absorbance parameter Xr in the range of 0 to 0.04.
- the assumed thickness D of the prebake film was set to 5 ⁇ m.
- Examples 34 to 49> The composition ratio of the polyimide precursor resin composition was determined in the same manner as in Example 33.
- a coating film having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m (D') was prepared.
- a gh line cut filter is attached to this spin coat film by a 1x projection exposure device PrismaGHI S / N5503 (manufactured by Ultratech) using a reticle with a test pattern having a rounded concave 5 ⁇ m diameter pattern, and from 30 mJ / cm 2 . Exposure was performed by changing the exposure amount in steps of 10 mJ / cm 2 up to 150 mJ / cm 2 .
- the coating film formed on the sputtered Cu wafer was spray-developed with a developing machine (D-SPIN 636 type, manufactured by Dainippon Screen Co., Ltd.) using cyclopentanone, rinsed with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and polyamic acid. An ester pattern was obtained.
- the development time for spray development was defined as 1.4 times the minimum time for the resin composition in the unexposed portion to develop in the above-mentioned 5 ⁇ m spin-coated film.
- the blending amount in the table is the mass part of each component when the component (A) is 100 parts by mass.
- the viscosity of the obtained solution was adjusted to about 40 poise by further adding a small amount of the above mixed solvent, and filtered through a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a resin composition.
- the initial state was stirring at room temperature (23.0 ° C. ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity 50% ⁇ 10%) for 3 days, and then the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 weeks.
- the PI precursor resin composition in the initial state is spin-coated on a 6-inch silicon wafer (manufactured by Fujimi Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd., thickness 625 ⁇ 25 ⁇ m) using a spin coater (D-SPIN60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO) and hot plated. Drying was carried out at 100 ° C.
- a gh line cut filter is attached to this spin coat film by a 1x projection exposure device PrismaGHI S / N5503 (manufactured by Ultratech) using a reticle with a test pattern having a rounded concave 10 ⁇ m diameter pattern, and from 30 mJ / cm 2 . Exposure was performed by changing the exposure amount in increments of 20 mJ / cm 2 up to 270 mJ / cm 2 .
- the coating film formed on the wafer was spray-developed with a developing machine (D-SPIN 636 type, manufactured by Dainippon Screen Co., Ltd.) using cyclopentanone, rinsed with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and the polyamic acid ester was prepared. I got a pattern.
- the development time for spray development was defined as 1.4 times the minimum time for developing the unexposed resin composition in the 10.0 ⁇ m spin-coated film.
- the film thickness of the relief pattern obtained in Example 50 at each exposure amount was measured. An example of the obtained sensitivity curve is shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis indicates the relative film thickness (normalized film thickness) at (film thickness after exposure development / film thickness before exposure) ⁇ 100 (%), and the horizontal axis indicates the exposure dose. Then, the exposure amount of the portion where the relative film thickness (Normalized film thickness) is about 85% is defined as the sensitivity exposure amount (mJ / cm 2 ).
- the PI precursor resin composition left at room temperature for 4 weeks was spin-coated, exposed, and developed under the same conditions as the PI precursor resin composition in the initial state to prepare a relief pattern film, and similarly, a relative film was prepared.
- the thickness (Normalized film thickness) was calculated.
- the storage stability was evaluated according to the following criteria based on the amount of change in the relative film thickness with time in the sensitivity exposure amount set by the evaluation of the PI precursor resin in the initial state. For example, in FIG. 2, the relative film thickness change amount with time is 1.3%.
- B The amount of change in the relative film thickness with time is ⁇ 2% or more.
- the blending amount in the table is the mass part of each component when the component (A) is 100 parts by mass.
- the viscosity of the obtained solution was adjusted to about 15 poise by further adding a small amount of the above mixed solvent, and filtered through a polyethylene filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a resin composition.
- the symbols in the table mean the above components, respectively.
- the initial state was stirring at room temperature (23.0 ° C. ⁇ 0.5 ° C., relative humidity 50% ⁇ 10%) for 3 days, and then the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 weeks.
- the PI precursor resin composition in the initial state is spin-coated on a 6-inch silicon wafer (manufactured by Fujimi Electronics Co., Ltd., thickness 625 ⁇ 25 ⁇ m) using a spin coater (D-SPIN60A type, manufactured by SOKUDO) and hot plate. Drying was carried out at 100 ° C. for 180 seconds to prepare a prebaked film having a thickness of 5.0 ⁇ m ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m (D').
- a gh line cut filter is attached to this spin coat film by a 1x projection exposure device PrismaGHI S / N5503 (manufactured by Ultratech) using a reticle with a test pattern having a rounded concave 10 ⁇ m diameter pattern, and from 30 mJ / cm 2 . Exposure was performed by changing the exposure amount in increments of 10 mJ / cm 2 up to 150 mJ / cm 2 . Next, the coating film formed on the wafer was spray-developed with a developing machine (D-SPIN 636 type, manufactured by Dainippon Screen Co., Ltd.) using cyclopentanone, rinsed with propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and the polyamic acid ester was prepared.
- a developing machine D-SPIN 636 type, manufactured by Dainippon Screen Co., Ltd.
- the development time for spray development was defined as 1.4 times the minimum time for the resin composition in the unexposed portion to develop in the above 5.0 ⁇ m spin-coated film.
- the relative film thickness was calculated, and the exposure amount of the portion where the relative film thickness was about 80% was defined as the sensitivity exposure amount (mJ / cm 2 ).
- the PI precursor resin composition left to stand at room temperature for 4 weeks was spin-coated, exposed, and developed under the same conditions as the PI precursor resin composition in the initial state, and the relative film thickness with time in the sensitive exposure amount was measured.
- Storage stability was evaluated according to the following criteria based on the amount of change.
- Tables 17 and 19 the values in which the relative film thickness of the PI precursor resin composition after standing for 4 weeks was higher than the relative film thickness of the PI precursor resin composition in the initial state are in the plus (+) column. The values with lower values are listed in the minus (-) column.
- the PI precursor resin composition contains the exposure ray absorber, so that the maximum resolution and the sensitivity tolerance are improved as compared with the comparative examples. Is. Further, from Tables 12 to 19, in the examples containing both the exposure ray absorber and the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rust inhibitor, the storage stability test result was judged as A, and compared with the composition having only one of them, It can be seen that the storage stability is specifically improved by the combination of both.
- a method for forming a cured relief pattern using a precursor resin composition can be provided.
- the present disclosure can be suitably used in the field of photosensitive materials useful for manufacturing electrical and electronic materials such as semiconductor devices and multilayer wiring substrates.
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[1]
ポリイミド(PI)前駆体樹脂、露光線吸収剤、光重合開始剤、及び溶剤を含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造方法であって、上記製造方法は、
露光に使用される光線種を特定する工程と;
特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXpが0.001~0.20の範囲にある樹脂から上記PI前駆体樹脂を選択し、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXtが0.01~0.05の範囲にある材料から上記露光線吸収剤を選択し、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXrが0~0.04の範囲にある材料から上記光重合開始剤を選択する、工程と;
選択された上記PI前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXp、選択された上記露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXt、選択された上記光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXr、及び上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物を塗膜し脱溶剤したプリベーク膜の想定厚さDに基づいて、以下の式:
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D≦2.2
を満たすように、上記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部を基準としたときの、上記露光線吸収剤の添加質量部αと、上記光重合開始剤の添加質量部βを決定する工程と;
決定された上記PI前駆体樹脂、決定された添加質量部αの上記露光線吸収剤、決定された添加質量部βの上記光重合開始剤、及び溶剤を含むように、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整する工程と
を含む、PI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造方法。
[2]
上記PI前駆体樹脂が、下記式(1):
で表される構造単位を有する、項目1に記載の製造方法。
[3]
上記露光に使用される光線種がi線である、項目1又は2に記載の製造方法。
[4]
上記想定厚さDを1μm以上7μm未満に設定して、上記露光線吸収剤の添加質量部αと上記光重合開始剤の添加質量部βを決定する、項目1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[5]
上記光重合開始剤が下記一般式(5):
で表されるオキシムエステル構造を有する、項目1~4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[6]
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、含窒素複素環防錆剤を更に含む、項目1~5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[7]
上記露光線吸収剤が1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を有する化合物である、項目1~6のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[8]
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、光重合性化合物を更に含む、項目1~7のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[9]
上記式(1)のY1が、下記式(3):
で表される2価の有機基である、項目1~8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[10]
上記式(1)のY1が、下記式(4):
で表される2価の有機基である、項目1~9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[11]
上記露光線吸収剤が、下記一般式(6)~(10):
から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル及び/又は1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、項目1~10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[12]
上記露光線吸収剤が、上記式(6)~(10)から成る群から選択される少なくとも一つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、項目1~11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[13]
上記露光線吸収剤のエステル化率が80%以上である、項目1~12のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[14]
上記一般式(6)で表されるヒドロキシ化合物が、下記一般式(11):
で表される、項目1~13のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[15]
レリーフパターン膜の製造方法であって、上記方法は、
項目1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法により、PI前駆体樹脂、露光線吸収剤、光重合開始剤、及び溶剤を含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物を製造する工程と、
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物の塗膜を得る、塗膜工程と、
上記塗膜中の溶剤を脱溶剤して、厚さD’の感光性樹脂層を得る、乾燥工程と、
上記感光性樹脂層を上記特定された光線種により露光する、露光工程と、
上記露光後に上記感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターン膜を得る、現像工程と、
を含む、レリーフパターン膜の製造方法。
[16]
脱溶剤後の厚さD’の塗膜が、
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D’≦2.2
である、項目15に記載のレリーフパターン膜の製造方法。
[17]
PI前駆体樹脂と、上記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部を基準として質量部αの露光線吸収剤と、質量部βの光重合開始剤と、溶剤とを含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物であって、
i線に対する上記PI前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXpと、
i線に対する上記露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXtと、
i線に対する上記光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXrと、
上記露光線吸収剤の質量部αと、
上記光重合開始剤の質量部βとの関係が、
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×10≦2.2
0.001≦Xp≦0.20
0.01≦Xt≦0.05
0≦Xr≦0.04
である、PI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[18]
ポリイミド(PI)前駆体樹脂と、上記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部を基準として質量部αの露光線吸収剤と、質量部βの光重合開始剤と、溶剤とを含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物であって、
i線に対する上記PI前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXpと、
i線に対する上記露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXtと、
i線に対する上記光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXrと、
上記露光線吸収剤の質量部αと、
上記光重合開始剤の質量部βとの関係が、
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×5≦2.2
0.001≦Xp≦0.20
0.01≦Xt≦0.05
0≦Xr≦0.04
である、PI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[19]
上記PI前駆体樹脂が、下記式(1):
で表される構造単位を有する、項目17又は18に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[20]
上記光重合開始剤が下記一般式(5):
で表されるオキシムエステル構造を有する、項目17~19のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[21]
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、含窒素複素環防錆剤を更に含む、項目17~20のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[22]
上記露光線吸収剤が1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を有する化合物である、項目17~21のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[23]
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、光重合性化合物を更に含む、項目17~22のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[24]
上記式(1)のY1が、下記式(3):
で表される2価の有機基である項目17~23のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[25]
上記式(1)のY1が、下記式(4):
で表される2価の有機基である、項目17~24のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[26]
上記露光線吸収剤が、下記一般式(6)~(10):
から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル及び/又は1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、項目17~25のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[27]
上記露光線吸収剤が、上記式(6)~(10)から成る群から選択される少なくとも一つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、項目17~26のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[28]
上記露光線吸収剤のエステル化率が80%以上である、項目17~27のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[29]
上記一般式(6)で表されるヒドロキシ化合物が、下記一般式(11):
で表される、項目17~28のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
[30]
項目17~29のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の硬化膜。
[31]
厚さD’が1μm≦D’≦20μmの、ポリイミド(PI)前駆体樹脂組成物を含むプリベーク膜であって、
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、PI前駆体樹脂と、上記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部に対してα質量部の露光線吸収剤と、上記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部に対してβ質量部の光重合開始剤とを含有し、
上記PI前駆体樹脂はi線に対する吸光度パラメータXpが0.001≦Xp≦0.20の範囲であり、
上記露光線吸収剤はi線に対する吸光度パラメータXtが0.01≦Xt≦0.05の範囲であり、
上記光重合開始剤はi線に対する吸光度パラメータXrが、0≦Xr≦0.04の範囲であり、
以下の式:
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D’≦2.2
を満たす、プリベーク膜。
[32]
上記PI前駆体樹脂が、下記式(1):
で表される構造単位を有する、項目31に記載のプリベーク膜。
[33]
上記プリベーク膜の厚さD’が1μm≦D’<7μmである、項目31又は32に記載のプリベーク膜。
[34]
上記光重合開始剤が下記一般式(5):
で表されるオキシムエステル構造を有する、項目31~33のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[35]
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、含窒素複素環防錆剤を更に含む、項目31~34のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[36]
上記露光線吸収剤が1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を有する化合物である、項目31~35のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[37]
上記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、光重合性化合物を更に含む、項目31~36のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[38]
上記式(1)のY1が、下記式(3):
で表される2価の有機基である、項目31~37のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[39]
上記式(1)のY1が、下記式(4):
で表される2価の有機基である、項目31~38のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[40]
上記露光線吸収剤が、下記一般式(6)~(10):
から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル及び/又は1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、項目31~39のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[41]
上記露光線吸収剤が、上記式(6)~(10)から成る群から選択される少なくとも一つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、項目31~40のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[42]
上記露光線吸収剤のエステル化率が80%以上である、項目31~41のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
[43]
上記一般式(6)で表されるヒドロキシ化合物が、下記一般式(11):
で表される、項目31~42のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
本開示のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造方法は、(A)ポリイミド(PI)前駆体樹脂と、(B)露光線吸収剤と、(C)光重合開始剤と、(D)溶剤とを含む、PI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造方法であって、上記製造方法は、露光に使用される光線種を特定する工程と;ポリイミド前駆体樹脂、露光線吸収剤及び光重合開始剤を選択する、材料選択工程と;露光線吸収剤の添加質量部αと、光重合開始剤の添加質量部βを決定する、含有量決定工程と;PI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整する工程とを含む。
光線種特定工程では、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を露光するための光線種を特定する。光線種は、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を露光したときにポリイミド前駆体樹脂の重合性基を光重合開始剤の作用によって架橋させて現像液に対し不溶化することができれば、いかなる光線種を用いてもよい。光線種としては、例えば、g線(436nm)、h線(405nm)、i線(波長365nm)、及びKrFエキシマレーザー(波長248nm)等が挙げられ、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂の不溶化及び解像性能等の観点から、i線が好ましい。
材料選択工程では、選択された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータに応じて、(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂、(B)露光線吸収剤、及び(C)光重合開始剤を選択する。(D)溶剤は、選択された光線種によらず、任意に選択することができる。これら以外に、選択された光線種によらず、その他の材料、例えば、(E)光重合性化合物、熱塩基発生剤、(H)含窒素複素環防錆剤、(F)ヒンダードフェノール化合物、有機チタン化合物、接着助剤、増感剤、若しくは(G)重合禁止剤等、又はこれらの組み合わせを更に選択してもよい。(E)、(F)及び(G)を含むその他の材料もまた、選択された光線種によらず、任意に選択することができる。
ポリイミド前駆体樹脂は、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物に含まれる樹脂成分であり、加熱環化処理を施すことによってポリイミドに変換される。ポリイミド前駆体樹脂は、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXpが、0.001~0.20の範囲にある樹脂から選択する。ポリイミド前駆体樹脂の吸光度は、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを溶媒として1000mg/Lになるよう調整し、1cmのセルを使用して紫外可視分光光度計により測定することができる。得られた365nmにおける吸光度の値を10で除した値をポリイミド前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXpと定義する。ポリイミド前駆体樹脂は、吸光度パラメータXpが、好ましくは0.001~0.15、より好ましくは0.005~0.10、更に好ましくは0.005~0.05の範囲にある樹脂から選択する。ポリイミド前駆体樹脂は、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物に使用することのできるポリイミド前駆体樹脂であればその構造は制限されないが、アルカリ可溶性でないことが好ましい。ポリイミド前駆体樹脂がアルカリ可溶性でないことで、高い耐薬品性を得ることができる。なお、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物が2種以上のポリイミド前駆体樹脂を含有する場合には、当該2種以上のポリイミド前駆体樹脂の混合物として、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXpの0.001~0.20の範囲内であればよい。当該2種以上のポリイミド前駆体樹脂の全てが、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXpの0.001~0.20の範囲内にあるように選択することが好ましい。
で表される構造単位を有することが好ましい。
ポリイミド前駆体樹脂は、まず前述の四価の有機基X1を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、光重合性の不飽和二重結合を有するアルコール類、及び任意に不飽和二重結合を有さないアルコール類とを反応させて、部分的にエステル化したテトラカルボン酸(以下、アシッド/エステル体ともいう。)を調製する。その後、部分的にエステル化したテトラカルボン酸と、前述の二価の有機基Y1を含むジアミン類とをアミド重縮合させることにより得ることができる。
ポリイミド前駆体樹脂を調製するために好適に用いられる、四価の有機基X1を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、上記一般式(I)に示される構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物をはじめ、例えば、無水ピロメリット酸、ジフェニルエーテル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビフェニル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルスルホン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジフェニルメタン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)プロパン、2,2-ビス(3,4-無水フタル酸)-1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロパン等を、好ましくは無水ピロメリット酸、ジフェニルエーテル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビフェニル-3,3’,4,4’-テトラカルボン酸二無水物を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を混合して用いてもよい。
上記アシッド/エステル体(典型的には、後述する溶剤中の溶液として存在する。)に、氷冷下、適当な脱水縮合剤、例えば、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、1-エトキシカルボニル-2-エトキシ-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン、1,1-カルボニルジオキシ-ジ-1,2,3-ベンゾトリアゾール、N,N’-ジスクシンイミジルカーボネート等を投入混合してアシッド/エステル体をポリ酸無水物に変換することができる。アシッド/エステル体のポリ酸無水物に、二価の有機基Y1を含むジアミン類を別途溶媒に溶解又は分散させたものを滴下投入し、アミド重縮合させることにより、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂を得ることができる。代替的には、上記アシッド/エステル体を、塩化チオニル等を用いてアシッド部分を酸クロライド化した後に、ピリジン等の塩基存在下、ジアミン化合物と反応させることにより、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂を得ることができる。
露光線吸収剤は、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXtが、0.01~0.05の範囲にある材料から選択する。上記範囲内にあることにより適正な添加量範囲で厳密に膜の吸光度を調整することができる。吸光度パラメータXtが0.01より小さい場合、吸光度の調整に多量の添加が必要となり、露光線吸収剤が析出したり他の性能を阻害する等の副作用を生じる。一方で吸光度パラメータXtが0.05より大きい場合、少量の添加で膜の吸光度が劇的に変化するため、厳密な調整が困難である。露光線吸収剤の吸光度は、露光線吸収剤をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを溶媒として10mg/Lになるよう調整し、1cmのセルを使用して紫外可視分光光度計により測定することができる。得られた365nmにおける吸光度の値を10で除した値を露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXtと定義する。露光線吸収剤は、吸光度パラメータXtが、好ましくは0.015~0.040、より好ましくは0.015~0.03、更に好ましくは0.015~0.025の範囲にある材料から選択する。なお、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物が2種以上の露光線吸収剤を含有する場合には、当該2種以上の露光線吸収剤の混合物として、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXtの0.01~0.05の範囲内であればよい。当該2種以上の露光線吸収剤の全てが、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXtの0.01~0.05の範囲内であるように選択することが好ましい。
2,4-ビス(2,4-ジメチルフェニル)-6-(2-ヒドロキシ-4-n-オクチルオキシフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン、2-(2,4-ジヒドロキシフェニル)-4,6-ビス(2,4-ジメチルフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(4-ブトキシ-2-ヒドロキシフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシフェニル)-4,6-ジフェニル-1,3,5-トリアジン、2-(2,4-ジヒドロキシフェニル)-4,6-ジフェニル-1,3,5-トリアジン、ベモトリジノール、2,4,6-トリス(2,4-ジヒドロキシフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン等のヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系化合物;
2-ヒドロキシ-4-オクチルオキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’,4,4’-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン-5-スルホン酸水和物等の2-ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン系化合物;
シアノアクリレート系化合物、アゾベンゼン系化合物、カテキン、ルチン、シアニジン、クルクミン等のポリフェノール系化合物、キノンアジド基を有する化合物(以下、「キノンジアジド化合物」とも言う)などが挙げられる。
式(9)中、Aは、好ましくは下記化学式:
で表される1価の有機基であることが好ましい。
光重合開始剤は、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXrが、0~0.04の範囲にある材料から選択する。光重合開始剤の吸光度は、光重合開始剤をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを溶媒として10mg/Lになるよう調整し、1cmのセルを使用して紫外可視分光光度計により測定することができる。得られた365nmにおける吸光度の値を10で除した値を光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXrと定義する。光重合開始剤は、吸光度パラメータXrが、好ましくは0~0.03、より好ましくは0~0.02、更に好ましくは0~0.01の範囲にある化合物から選択する。なお、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物が2種以上の光重合開始剤を含有する場合には、当該2種以上の光重合開始剤の混合物として、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXrの0~0.04の範囲内であればよい。当該2種以上の光重合開始剤の全てが、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXrの0~0.04の範囲内にあるように選択することが好ましい。
で表されるオキシムエステル構造を有する化合物であることが好ましい。
溶剤としては、アミド類、スルホキシド類、ウレア類、ケトン類、エステル類、ラクトン類、エーテル類、ハロゲン化炭化水素類、炭化水素類、アルコール類等が挙げられ、例えば、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、シュウ酸ジエチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸ブチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルグリコール、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、モルフォリン、ジクロロメタン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、1,2-ジクロロエタン、1,4-ジクロロブタン、クロロベンゼン、o-ジクロロベンゼン、アニソール、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン等を使用することができる。中でも、樹脂の溶解性、樹脂組成物の安定性、及び基板への接着性の観点から、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、テトラメチル尿素、酢酸ブチル、乳酸エチル、γ-ブチロラクトン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、ベンジルアルコール、フェニルグリコール、及びテトラヒドロフルフリルアルコールが好ましい。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、光重合性化合物を更に含むことが好ましい。光重合性化合物とは、光重合性の不飽和結合を有し、露光によりポリイミド前駆体樹脂の架橋形成を補助することができるモノマーである。このようなモノマーとしては、光重合開始剤によりラジカル重合反応する(メタ)アクリル化合物が好ましい。光重合性化合物としては、限定されないが、例えば、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレートなどの、エチレングリコール又はポリエチレングリコールのモノ又はジアクリレート及びメタクリレート、プロピレングリコール又はポリプロピレングリコールのモノ又はジアクリレート及びメタクリレート、グリセロールのモノ、ジ又はトリアクリレート及びメタクリレート、シクロヘキサンジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールのジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールのジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールのジアクリレート及びジメタクリレート、ビスフェノールAのモノ又はジアクリレート及びメタクリレート、ベンゼントリメタクリレート、イソボルニルアクリレート及びメタクリレート、アクリルアミド及びその誘導体、メタクリルアミド及びその誘導体、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート及びメタクリレート、グリセロールのジ又はトリアクリレート及びメタクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールのジ、トリ、又はテトラアクリレート及びメタクリレート、並びにこれら化合物のエチレンオキサイド又はプロピレンオキサイド付加物等の化合物を挙げることができる。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、塩基発生剤を含有していてもよい。塩基発生剤とは、加熱することで塩基を発生する化合物をいう。熱塩基発生剤を含有することで、PI前駆体樹脂組成物のイミド化をさらに促進することができる。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物を用いて銅又は銅合金から成る基板上に硬化膜を形成する場合には、銅上の変色を抑制するために、PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、含窒素複素環防錆剤を任意に含んでもよい。含窒素複素環防錆剤としては、アゾール化合物、及びプリン誘導体等が挙げられる。ただし、2-(2’―ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物は銅への配位部位を有さないため含窒素複素環防錆剤に含まない。含窒素複素環防錆剤は、イミノ基またはアミノ基を有する化合物であることが好ましい。
銅表面上の変色を抑制するために、PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、ヒンダードフェノール化合物を任意に含んでもよい。ヒンダードフェノール化合物としては、限定されるものではないが、例えば、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,5-ジ-t-ブチル-ハイドロキノン、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネ-ト、イソオクチル-3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、4、4’-メチレンビス(2、6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-チオ-ビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデン-ビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、トリエチレングリコール-ビス[3-(3-t-ブチル-5-メチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、1,6-ヘキサンジオール-ビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、2,2-チオ-ジエチレンビス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、N,N’-ヘキサメチレンビス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-ヒドロシンナマミド)、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、ペンタエリスリチル-テトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]、トリス-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)-イソシアヌレイト、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン等が挙げられる。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、有機チタン化合物を含有してもよい。有機チタン化合物を含有することにより、低温で硬化した場合であっても耐薬品性に優れる感光性樹脂層を形成できる。
I)チタンキレート化合物:中でも、PI前駆体樹脂組成物の保存安定性及び良好なパターンが得られることから、アルコキシ基を2個以上有するチタンキレートがより好ましい。具体的な例は、チタニウムビス(トリエタノールアミン)ジイソプロポキサイド、チタニウムジ(n-ブトキサイド)ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(エチルアセトアセテート)等である。
II)テトラアルコキシチタン化合物:例えば、チタニウムテトラ(n-ブトキサイド)、チタニウムテトラエトキサイド、チタニウムテトラ(2-エチルヘキソキサイド)、チタニウムテトライソブトキサイド、チタニウムテトライソプロポキサイド、チタニウムテトラメトキサイド、チタニウムテトラメトキシプロポキサイド、チタニウムテトラメチルフェノキサイド、チタニウムテトラ(n-ノニロキサイド)、チタニウムテトラ(n-プロポキサイド)、チタニウムテトラステアリロキサイド、チタニウムテトラキス[ビス{2,2-(アリロキシメチル)ブトキサイド}]等である。
III)チタノセン化合物:例えば、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニルチタニウムトリメトキサイド、ビス(η5-2,4-シクロペンタジエン-1-イル)ビス(2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)チタニウム、ビス(η5-2,4-シクロペンタジエン-1-イル)ビス(2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(1H-ピロール-1-イル)フェニル)チタニウム等である。
IV)モノアルコキシチタン化合物:例えば、チタニウムトリス(ジオクチルホスフェート)イソプロポキサイド、チタニウムトリス(ドデシルベンゼンスルホネート)イソプロポキサイド等である。
V)チタニウムオキサイド化合物:例えば、チタニウムオキサイドビス(ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムオキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、フタロシアニンチタニウムオキサイド等である。
VI)チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート化合物:例えば、チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート等である。
VII)チタネートカップリング剤:例えば、イソプロピルトリドデシルベンゼンスルホニルチタネート等である。
中でも、有機チタン化合物は、上記I)チタンキレート化合物、II)テトラアルコキシチタン化合物、及びIII)チタノセン化合物から成る群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物であることが、より良好な耐薬品性を奏するという観点から好ましい。特に、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(エチルアセトアセテート)、チタニウムテトラ(n-ブトキサイド)、及びビス(η5-2,4-シクロペンタジエン-1-イル)ビス(2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(1H-ピロール-1-イル)フェニル)チタニウムが好ましい。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物を用いて形成される膜と基材との接着性向上のために、PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、接着助剤を任意に含んでもよい。接着助剤としては、例えば、γ-アミノプロピルジメトキシシラン、N-(β-アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルジメトキシメチルシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ジメトキシメチル-3-ピペリジノプロピルシラン、ジエトキシ-3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルシラン、N-(3-ジエトキシメチルシリルプロピル)スクシンイミド、N-[3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピル]フタルアミド酸、ベンゾフェノン-3,3’-ビス(N-[3-トリエトキシシリル]プロピルアミド)-4,4’-ジカルボン酸、ベンゼン-1,4-ビス(N-[3-トリエトキシシリル]プロピルアミド)-2,5-ジカルボン酸、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルスクシニックアンハイドライド、N-フェニルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-(トリアルコキシシリル)プロピルスクシン酸無水物等のシランカップリング剤、及びアルミニウムトリス(エチルアセトアセテート)、アルミニウムトリス(アセチルアセトネート)、エチルアセトアセテートアルミニウムジイソプロピレート等のアルミニウム系接着助剤等が挙げられる。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、光感度を向上させるために、増感剤を任意に含んでもよい。該増感剤としては、例えば、ミヒラーズケトン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン、2,5-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロペンタン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロヘキサノン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)-4-メチルシクロヘキサノン、4,4’-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)カルコン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)カルコン、p-ジメチルアミノシンナミリデンインダノン、p-ジメチルアミノベンジリデンインダノン、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビフェニレン)-ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)イソナフトチアゾール、1,3-ビス(4’-ジメチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、1,3-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、3,3’-カルボニル-ビス(7-ジエチルアミノクマリン)、3-アセチル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-ベンジロキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-メトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、N-フェニル-N’-エチルエタノールアミン、N-フェニルジエタノールアミン、N-p-トリルジエタノールアミン、N-フェニルエタノールアミン、4-モルホリノベンゾフェノン、ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、ジエチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、2-メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、1-フェニル-5-メルカプトテトラゾール、2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズオキサゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ナフト(1,2-d)チアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノベンゾイル)スチレン等が挙げられる。これらは単独で又は例えば2~5種類の組合せで用いることができる。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物は、特に溶剤を含む溶液の状態での保存時のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の粘度及び光感度の安定性を向上させるために、重合禁止剤を任意に含んでもよい。重合禁止剤としては、ヒドロキノン、N-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、p-tert-ブチルカテコール、フェノチアジン、N-フェニルナフチルアミン、エチレンジアミン四酢酸、1,2-シクロヘキサンジアミン四酢酸、グリコールエーテルジアミン四酢酸、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-メチルフェノール、5-ニトロソ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、1-ニトロソ-2-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-1-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-5-(N-エチル-N-スルホプロピルアミノ)フェノール、N-ニトロソ-N-フェニルヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩、N-ニトロソ-N(1-ナフチル)ヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩等が用いられる。
含有量決定工程では、下記式(1):
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D≦2.2 (1)
に則り、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXpと、露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXtと、光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXrと、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を塗膜し脱溶剤したプリベーク膜の想定厚さDとから、露光線吸収剤の添加質量部α及び光重合開始剤の添加質量部βを決定する。質量部α及びβは、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂を100質量部とした際の質量部である。発明者らは、PI前駆体樹脂の骨格により、光線種(例えば、i線)の吸収度合が異なるため、PI前駆体樹脂の吸収度パラメータに合わせて、他成分で樹脂組成物全体としての光線吸収特性を、上記特定の範囲に調整する必要があることを見いだした。これにより、使用膜厚に適した、解像性能に優れ使用露光量範囲の広いPI前駆体樹脂組成物を得ることができる。その理由としては、理論に限定されないが、上記式(1)の範囲内にPI前駆体樹脂組成物塗布膜の吸光度を設定することにより、露光時の膜底部への光到達量が調整され、膜底部下地基材における乱反射を抑制し、未露光部における意図しない架橋反応を抑制することができるためであると考えられる。
PI前駆体樹脂組成物の調整工程では、決定されたPI前駆体樹脂、決定された添加質量部αの露光線吸収剤、決定された添加質量部βの光重合開始剤、溶剤、及び任意選択的にその他の材料を含むように、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整する。より具体的には、例えば、選択した溶剤中に各材料を投入及び混合して、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を得ることができる。PI前駆体樹脂組成物の粘度は、例えば10~100ポイズ(poise)に調整してもよい。必要に応じ、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を濾過してもよい。
本開示のレリーフパターン膜の製造方法は、(1)上述のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造方法により、PI前駆体樹脂、露光線吸収剤、光重合開始剤、及び溶剤を含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物を製造する工程と;(2)PI前駆体樹脂組成物の塗膜を得る、塗膜工程と;(3)塗膜中の溶剤を脱溶剤して、厚さD’のプリベーク膜を得る、乾燥工程と;(4)プリベーク膜を、特定された光線種により露光する、露光工程と;(5)露光後に感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターン膜を得る、現像工程とを含む。
本工程は、上述した本開示のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造工程により、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を製造する工程である。
本工程では、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を任意の基材上に塗布し、PI前駆体樹脂組成物の塗膜を得る。塗布方法としては、従来からPI前駆体樹脂組成物の塗布に用いられていた方法、例えば、スピンコーター、バーコーター、ブレードコーター、カーテンコーター、スクリーン印刷機等で塗布する方法、スプレーコーターで噴霧塗布する方法等を用いることができる。
本工程では、PI前駆体樹脂組成物の塗膜中の溶剤を脱溶剤して、実際の厚さD’のプリベーク膜を得る。実際の厚さD’は、想定厚さDと同一又は近似し、例えば想定厚さD±5%程度の範囲であってよい。厚さD’は、好ましくは1μm~20μm、より好ましくは1μm~10μm、更に好ましくは1μm~7μm未満である。脱溶剤の方法としては、例えば、風乾、オーブン又はホットプレートによる加熱乾燥、及び減圧又は真空乾燥等の方法が挙げられる。具体的には、風乾又は加熱乾燥の場合、20℃~150℃で1分~1時間の条件で乾燥を行うことができる。脱溶剤後の厚さD’のプリベーク膜は、0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D’≦2.2を満たすことがより好ましく、0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D’≦1.4であることが更に好ましい。
本工程では、上記で形成した感光性樹脂層を、特定された光線種により露光する。露光は、コンタクトアライナー、ミラープロジェクション、ステッパー等の露光装置を用いて、パターンを有するフォトマスク又はレチクルを介して又は直接に、紫外線光源等により露光する。この露光により、露光部のPI前駆体樹脂組成物に含有されるポリイミド前駆体が光重合開始剤の作用によって架橋し、現像液に不溶となる。
本工程では、露光後に感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターン膜を得る。露光後の感光性樹脂層のうち未露光部を、現像液に接触させることにより現像除去する。現像方法としては、従来知られているフォトレジストの現像方法、例えば、回転スプレー法、パドル法、超音波処理を伴う浸漬法等の中から任意の方法を選択して使用することができる。また、現像の後、レリーフパターンの形状を調整する等の目的で、必要に応じて、任意の温度及び時間の組合せによる現像後ベークを施してもよい。
本開示の硬化膜の製造方法は、(5)上記現像工程により製造されたレリーフパターン膜を硬化させて、硬化膜(硬化レリーフパターン)を形成する工程を含む。
本工程では、上記現像により得られたレリーフパターンを加熱処理して感光成分を希散させるとともに、ポリイミド前駆体樹脂をイミド化させることによって、ポリイミドから成る硬化レリーフパターンに変換する。加熱処理の方法としては、例えば、ホットプレートによるもの、オーブンを用いるもの、温度プログラムを設定できる昇温式オーブンを用いるもの等種々の方法を選ぶことができる。加熱処理は、例えば、160℃~350℃で30分~5時間の条件で行うことができる。加熱処理の温度は、好ましくは250℃以下、より好ましくは200℃以下である。加熱硬化時の雰囲気気体としては空気を用いてもよく、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガスを用いることもできる。
本開示によれば、上記硬化膜の製造方法により、PI前駆体樹脂組成物の硬化膜も提供される。硬化膜とは、すなわち、ポリイミドの硬化レリーフパターンである。ポリイミドにおけるイミド化率は、80~100%であることが好ましい。ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物から形成される硬化膜(硬化レリーフパターン)に含まれるポリイミドの構造は、下記一般式で表されることが好ましい。
本開示によれば、上述した硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法により得られる硬化レリーフパターンを有する、半導体装置も提供される。例えば、半導体素子である基材と、上述した硬化レリーフパターン製造方法により該基材上に形成されたポリイミドの硬化レリーフパターンとを有する半導体装置を提供することができる。また、基材として半導体素子を用い、上述した本開示の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法を工程の一部として含む半導体装置の製造方法を提供することもできる。半導体装置は、本開示の硬化レリーフパターンの製造方法で形成される硬化レリーフパターンを、表面保護膜、層間絶縁膜、再配線用絶縁膜、フリップチップ装置用保護膜、又はバンプ構造を有する半導体装置の保護膜等として形成し、既知の半導体装置の製造方法と組合せることで製造することができる。
本開示は、表示体素子と該表示体素子の上部に設けられた硬化膜とを備える表示体装置であって、該硬化膜は上述の硬化レリーフパターンである表示体装置を提供することができる。ここで、当該硬化レリーフパターンは、当該表示体素子に直接接して積層されていてもよく、別の層を間に挟んで積層されていてもよい。例えば、該硬化膜として、TFT液晶表示素子及びカラーフィルター素子の表面保護膜、絶縁膜、及び平坦化膜、MVA型液晶表示装置用の突起、並びに有機EL素子陰極用の隔壁を挙げることができる。
〈製造例1〉
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを3L容量のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)135.4gとγ-ブチロラクトン400mLを入れて室温下で攪拌し、攪拌しながらピリジン79.1gを加えて反応混合物を得た。反応による発熱の終了後に室温まで放冷し、16時間放置した。次に、氷冷下において、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)203.3gをγ-ブチロラクトン180mLに溶解した溶液を攪拌しながら40分かけて反応混合物に加え、続いて2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル-4,4’-ジアミン(mTB)94.4gをγ-ブチロラクトン300mLに懸濁した懸濁液を攪拌しながら60分かけて加えた。反応混合物を更に室温で4時間攪拌した後、エチルアルコール50mLを加えて1時間攪拌し、次に、γ-ブチロラクトン500mLを加えた。反応混合物に生じた沈殿物をろ過により取り除き、反応液を得た。得られた反応液を3Lのエチルアルコールに加えて粗ポリマーから成る沈殿物を生成した。生成した粗ポリマーを濾別し、テトラヒドロフラン1.5Lに溶解して粗ポリマー溶液を得た。得られた粗ポリマー溶液を28Lの水に滴下してポリマーを沈殿させ、得られた沈殿物を濾別した後、真空乾燥して、粉末状のポリアミド酸エステルであるPI前駆体樹脂A-1を得た。PI前駆体樹脂A-1の分子量をゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(標準ポリスチレン換算)で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は30,000であった。
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを3L容量のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)135.4gとγ-ブチロラクトン400mLを入れて室温下で攪拌し、攪拌しながらピリジン158.2gを加えて反応混合物を得た。反応による発熱の終了後に室温まで放冷し、16時間放置した。続いて氷冷下において、塩化チオニル130.9gをODPA-HEMA溶液に攪拌しながら60分かけて滴下し、ODPAの酸クロリド溶液を得た。次に氷冷下において2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン142.3gをNMP300mLに溶解した溶液を攪拌しながら60分かけて加えた。反応混合物を更に室温で2時間攪拌した後、エチルアルコール50mLを加えて1時間攪拌し、次に、γ-ブチロラクトン500mLを加えた。
製造例1の2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル-4,4’-ジアミン(mTB)94.4gに代えて、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(DADPE)93.0gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、PI前駆体樹脂A-3を得た。PI前駆体樹脂A-3の分子量を製造例1と同じ方法で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は20,000であった。
製造例3の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gに代えて、3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)147.1gを用い、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(DADPE)量を90.1gに変えた以外は、前述の製造例3に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、PI前駆体樹脂A-4を得た。PI前駆体樹脂A-4の分子量を製造例1と同じ方法で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は30,000であった。
製造例3の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gに代えて4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)93.1gと3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BPDA)58.8gを用い、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(DADPE)93.0gを87.6gに変えた以外は、前述の製造例3に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、PI前駆体樹脂A-5を得た。PI前駆体樹脂A-5の分子量を製造例1と同じ方法で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は20,000であった。
製造例1の4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gに代えてピロメリット酸無水物(PMDA)32.72g及び3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物112.78gを用い、さらに2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル-4,4’-ジアミン(mTB)94.4gに代えて4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(DADPE)85.10gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、PI前駆体樹脂A-6を得た。PI前駆体樹脂A-6の分子量を製造例1と同じ方法で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は28,000であった。
製造例2の2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン142.3gに代えて、2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル-4,4’-ジアミン(mTB)91.0gを用いた以外は、前述の製造例2に記載の方法と同様にして反応を行い、PI前駆体樹脂A-7を得た。PI前駆体樹脂A-7の分子量を製造例1と同じ方法で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は32,000であった。
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)47.1g、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)5.54g、及び触媒量の1,4-ジアザビシクロ[2,2,2]クタトリエチレンジアミンを380gのNMPに溶解して、45℃で1時間攪拌した後25℃まで冷却した。その後、2,2’-ジメチルビフェニル-4,4’-ジアミン(mTB)27.4g及びNMP145mLを加え、45℃で150分間攪拌した後、室温へ冷却した。この溶液へトリフルオロ酢酸無水物59.7gを滴下し、120分間攪拌した後、触媒量のベンゾキノン、及びHEMA40.4gを加え、45℃で20時間攪拌した。この反応液を蒸留水に滴下し、沈殿物を濾別して集め、減圧乾燥することによってPI前駆体樹脂A-8を得た。PI前駆体樹脂A-8の分子量を製造例1と同じ方法で測定したところ、重量平均分子量(Mw)は35,000であった。
〈合成例1〉
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-1の合成
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した1Lセパラブルフラスコに、ヒドロキシ化合物として下記式(21)で表される4,4’-(1-(2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-プロピル)フェニル)エチリデン)ビスフェノール(本州化学工業社製 商品名 Tris-PA)30.0g(0.707モル)入れた。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-2の合成
合成例1の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸クロライド53.56g(0.198モル)に代えて、1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸クロライド47.82g(0.177モル)を用いた以外は、前述の合成例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応及び精製を行い、感光性ジアゾナフトキノン(B-2)を得た。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-3の合成
合成例1の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸クロライド53.56g(0.198モル)を38.26g(0.141モル)に減量した以外は、前述の合成例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応及び精製を行い、感光性ジアゾナフトキノン(B-3)を得た。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-4の合成
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した1Lセパラブルフラスコに、ヒドロキシ化合物として下記式(20)で表されるp-クミルフェノール(三井化学ファイン社製)30g(0.141モル)を入れた。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-5の合成
合成例4の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸クロライド38.1g(0.141モル)に代えて、1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸クロライド38.1g(0.141モル)を用いた以外は、前述の合成例4に記載の方法と同様にして反応及び精製を行い、感光性ジアゾナフトキノン(B-5)を得た。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-6の合成
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した1Lセパラブルフラスコにヒドロキシ化合物として下記式(29)で表される化合物(本州化学工業社製 商品名 Tekoc-4HBPA)30g(0.0474モル)を入れた。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-7の合成
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した1Lセパラブルフラスコにヒドロキシ化合物として下記式(30)で表される化合物(2,2-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン30g(0.131モル)を入れた。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-8の合成
合成例1の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸クロライド53.56g(0.198モル)を47.82g(0.177モル)に減量した以外は、前述の合成例1に記載の方法と同様にして反応及び精製を行い、感光性ジアゾナフトキノン(B-8)を得た。
1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を持つ化合物B-13の合成
撹拌機、滴下ロート及び温度計を付した1Lセパラブルフラスコにヒドロキシ化合物として下記式(31)で表される化合物p-クレゾール30g(0.277モル)を入れた。
《ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比の決定》
〈実施例1〉
露光に使用される光線種をi線に特定した。吸光度パラメータXpが0.001~0.20の範囲にある(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂として、表4記載の樹脂を選定した。吸光度パラメータXtが0.01~0.05の範囲にある露光線吸収剤として、表4記載の化合物を選定した。吸光度パラメータXrが0~0.04の範囲にある(C)光重合開始剤として、表4記載の化合物を選定した。プリベーク膜の想定厚さDを10μmと設定した。「0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D≦2.2」を満たす、α、βを表4記載の添加質量部に決定した。この時の(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×Dは表5記載の通りである。
実施例1と同様にポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比を決定した。
〈実施例1~32及び比較例1~26〉
表4及び6に示す配合量にて、(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂、(B)露光線吸収剤、(C)光重合開始剤、(E)光重合性化合物、(F)ヒンダードフェノール化合物、及び(G)重合禁止剤を、(D)溶剤であるγ-ブチロラクトン及びDMSOからなる混合溶媒(重量比80:20)に溶解し、実施例1~32及び比較例1~26のPI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整した。表4及び6の配合量は、(A)成分を100質量部とした際の、各成分の質量部である。得られた溶液の粘度を、少量の上記混合溶媒を更に加えることによって約40ポイズ(poise)に調整し、細孔が0.2μmのポリエチレン製フィルターで濾過して樹脂組成物とした。表中の記号は、それぞれ以下の成分を意味する。
(A-1):上述の製造例1で得られた化合物
(A-2):上述の製造例2で得られた化合物
(A-3):上述の製造例3で得られた化合物
(A-4):上述の製造例4で得られた化合物
(A-5):上述の製造例5で得られた化合物
(A-6):上述の製造例6で得られた化合物
(A-7):上述の製造例7で得られた化合物
(A-8):上述の製造例8で得られた化合物
(B-1):上述の合成例1で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-2):上述の合成例2で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-3):上述の合成例3で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-4):上述の合成例4で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-5):上述の合成例5で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-6):上述の合成例6で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-7):上述の合成例7で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-8):上述の合成例8で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(B-9):2-(2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)フェノール(商品名:アデカスタブ LA-29、株式会社 ADEKA製)
(B-10):2,2’,4,4’-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン(商品名:SEESORB106、シプロ化成株式会社製)
(B-11):クルクミン(東京化成工業株式会社製)
(B-12):2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール(商品名:JF-77、城北化学株式会社)
(B-13):上述の合成例9で得られたジアゾナフトキノン化合物
(C-1):1-フェニル-1,2-プロパンジオン-2-[O-(エトキシカルボニル)オキシム](商品名:Quantacure-PDO、日本化薬社製)
(C-2):1,2-オクタンジオン-1-[4-(フェニルチオ)フェニル]-2-(O-ベンゾイルオキシム)(商品名:IRGACURE-OXE-01、BASF社製)
(C-3):1-[9-エチル-6-(2-メチルベンゾイル)-9H-カルバゾール-3-イル]-,1-(O-アセチルオキシム)(商品名:IRGACURE OXE-02、BASF社製)
(C-4):N-フェニルグリシン(東京化成工業株式会社製)
(E-1):テトラエチレングリコールジメタクリレート (東京化成工業株式会社製)
(F)1,3,5-トリス(4-t-ブチル-3-ヒドロキシ-2,6-ジメチルベンジル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン
(G)2-ニトロソ-1-ナフト-ル
(H-1):8―アザアデニン (東京化成工業株式会社製)
(H-2):5-アミノ-1H-テトラゾール (東京化成工業株式会社製)
〈(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXpの測定〉
A-1~A-8の吸光度(吸光度パラメータXp)を、以下の測定条件で測定した。A-1~A-8をそれぞれNMPに溶かし、1000mg/Lになるように調整し、測定用試料とした。測定装置は紫外可視分光光度計(UV-1800、島津製作所製)を使用し、1cmのセルを使用し測定を行った。各試料の365nmにおける吸光度を10で除した値をXpとした。
B-1~B-13の(吸光度パラメータXt)吸光度を、以下の測定条件で測定した。(B)成分をそれぞれNMPに溶かし、10mg/Lになるように調整し、測定用試料とした。測定装置は紫外可視分光光度計(UV-1800、島津製作所製)、1cmのセルを使用し測定を行った。各試料の365nmにおける吸光度を10で除した値をXtとした。
C-1~C-4の(吸光度パラメータXr)吸光度を、以下の測定条件で測定した。(C)成分をそれぞれNMPに溶かし、10mg/Lになるように調整し、測定用試料とした。測定装置は紫外可視分光光度計(UV-1800、島津製作所製)、1cmのセルを使用し測定を行った。各試料の365nmにおける吸光度を10で除した値をXrとした。
6インチウエハ(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上に、スパッタ装置(L-440S-FHL型、キヤノンアネルバ社製)を用いて200nm厚のTi、400nm厚のCuをこの順にスパッタし、スパッタCuウエハ基板を準備した。PI前駆体樹脂組成物を6インチシリコンウエハー上にスピンコーター(D-SPIN60A型、SOKUDO社製)を用いて上記スパッタCuウエハ基板にスピンコートし、ホットプレート上100℃で180秒の乾燥を行い、厚さ10.0μm±0.2μm(D’)のプリベーク膜を作製した。このスピンコート膜に、丸抜き凹型10μm径パターンを有するテストパターン付レチクルを用いて等倍投影露光装置PrismaGHI S/N5503(ウルトラテック社製)により、gh線カットフィルターを取り付け、30mJ/cm2から210mJ/cm2まで15mJ/cm2刻みで露光量を変えて露光した。次いで、スパッタCuウエハ上に形成した塗膜を、シクロペンタノンを用いて現像機(D-SPIN636型、大日本スクリーン社製)でスプレー現像し、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートでリンスして、ポリアミド酸エステルのパターンを得た。なお、スプレー現像の現像時間は、上記10.0μmのスピンコート膜において、未露光部の樹脂組成物が現像する最小時間の1.4倍の時間と定義した。
上記で得られた丸抜き凹型10μm径パターンの断面をFIB装置(JIB-4000、日本電子製)を用いて削り出し、パターンの断面形状の観察を行い、基板に対するパターンのテーパー角度を、テーパーの中点での傾きを測定することによって求めた。パターン断面形状は、テーパー角度が70°~80°のものを優(AA)とし、80°~90°のものを良(A)とし、それ以外を不合格(D)と判断した。また、パターン断面においてアンダーカットやブリッジングが見られるものも不合格と判断した。実施例1で得られたパターン断面形状のFIB写真を図1に示す。また、当該パターンにおける中点での傾きを示す補助線(1)を図1に示す。実施例1で得られたパターンの基板(補助線(2))に対するテーパー角度は82°であった。なお、テーパー形状評価においてパターン形状不合格のものは、下記最高解像度評価及び感度許容性評価を行わなかった。
上記より丸抜き凹型の径を変更し、得られた丸抜き凹型レリーフパターンのマスク寸法の最小値を最高解像度(μm)とし、以下の基準に沿って評価した。
A:5μm未満のパターンが開口
B:5μm以上6μm未満のパターンが開口
C:6μm以上8μm未満のパターンが開口
D:8μm未満のパターンが開口しない
なお、丸抜き凹型レリーフパターンの開口可否は、以下の基準(I)及び(II)をいずれも満たすものを合格と判断した。
(I)パターン開口部の面積が、対応するパターンマスク開口面積の1/2以上である。
(II)パターン断面が裾引きしておらず、アンダーカットや膨潤、ブリッジングが起こっていない。
上記より得られた丸抜き凹型レリーフパターンにおいて8μm径の開口が認められる露光量の範囲を、以下の基準に沿って評価した。
A:8μmのパターンが105mJ/cm2以上の露光量幅をもって開口
B:8μmのパターンが45mJ/cm2以上105mJ/cm2未満の露光量幅をもって開口
C:8μmのパターンが15mJ/cm2以上45mJ/cm2未満の露光量幅で開口
D:8μmのパターンがピンポイントで開口又は開口しない
《ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比の決定》
〈実施例33〉
露光に使用される光線種をi線に特定した。吸光度パラメータXpが0.001~0.20の範囲にある(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂として、表8記載の樹脂を選定した。吸光度パラメータXtが0.01~0.05の範囲にある露光線吸収剤として、表8記載の化合物を選定した。吸光度パラメータXrが0~0.04の範囲にある(C)光重合開始剤として、表8記載の化合物を選定した。プリベーク膜の想定厚さDを5μmと設定した。「0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D≦2.2」を満たす、α、βを表8記載の添加質量部に決定した。この時の(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×Dは表9記載の通りである。
実施例33と同様にポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比を決定した。
〈実施例33~49及び比較例27~40〉
表8及び10に示す配合量にて、(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂、(B)露光線吸収剤、(C)光重合開始剤、(E)光重合性化合物、(F)ヒンダードフェノール化合物、及び(G)重合禁止剤を、(D)溶剤であるγ-ブチロラクトン及びDMSOからなる混合溶媒(重量比80:20)に溶解し、実施例33~49及び比較例27~40のPI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整した。表8及び10の配合量は、(A)成分を100質量部とした際の、各成分の質量部である。得られた溶液の粘度を、少量の上記混合溶媒を更に加えることによって約15ポイズ(poise)に調整し、細孔が0.2μmのポリエチレン製フィルターで濾過して樹脂組成物とした。
6インチウエハ(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上に、スパッタ装置(L-440S-FHL型、キヤノンアネルバ社製)を用いて200nm厚のTi、400nm厚のCuをこの順にスパッタし、スパッタCuウエハ基板を準備した。PI前駆体樹脂組成物を6インチシリコンウエハー上にスピンコーター(D-SPIN60A型、SOKUDO社製)を用いて上記スパッタCuウエハ基板にスピンコートし、ホットプレート上100℃で180秒の乾燥を行い、厚さ5μm±0.2μm(D’)の塗膜を作製した。このスピンコート膜に、丸抜き凹型5μm径パターンを有するテストパターン付レチクルを用いて等倍投影露光装置PrismaGHI S/N5503(ウルトラテック社製)により、gh線カットフィルターを取り付け、30mJ/cm2から150mJ/cm2まで10mJ/cm2刻みで露光量を変えて露光した。次いで、スパッタCuウエハ上に形成した塗膜を、シクロペンタノンを用いて現像機(D-SPIN636型、大日本スクリーン社製)でスプレー現像し、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートでリンスして、ポリアミド酸エステルのパターンを得た。なお、スプレー現像の現像時間は、上記5μmのスピンコート膜において、未露光部の樹脂組成物が現像する最小時間の1.4倍の時間と定義した。
上記で得られた丸抜き凹型5μm径パターンの断面をFIB装置(JIB-4000、日本電子製)を用いて削り出し、パターンの断面形状の観察を行い、基板に対するパターンのテーパー角度を、テーパーの中点での傾きを測定することによって求めた。パターン断面形状は、テーパー角度が70°~80°のものを優(AA)とし、80°~90°のものを良(A)とし、それ以外を不合格(D)と判断した。また、パターン断面においてアンダーカットやブリッジングが見られるものも不合格と判断した。なお、テーパー形状評価においてパターン形状不合格のものは、下記最高解像度評価及び感度許容性評価を行わなかった。
上記より丸抜き凹型の径を変更し、得られた丸抜き凹型レリーフパターンのマスク寸法の最小値を最高解像度(μm)とし、以下の基準に沿って評価した。
A:3.5μm未満のパターンが開口
B:3.5μm以上4.5μm未満のパターンが開口
C:4.5μm以上6μm未満のパターンが開口
D:6μm未満のパターンが開口しない
なお、丸抜き凹型レリーフパターンの開口可否は、以下の基準(I)及び(II)をいずれも満たすものを合格と判断した。
(I)パターン開口部の面積が、対応するパターンマスク開口面積の1/2以上である。
(II)パターン断面が裾引きしておらず、アンダーカットや膨潤、ブリッジングが起こっていない。
上記より得られた丸抜き凹型レリーフパターンにおいて5μm径の開口が認められる露光量の範囲を、以下の基準に沿って評価した。
A:5μmのパターンが30mJ/cm2以上の露光量幅をもって開口
B:5μmのパターンが20mJ/cm2以上30mJ/cm2未満の露光量幅をもって開口
C:5μmのパターンが10mJ/cm2以上20mJ/cm2未満の露光量幅で開口
D:5μmのパターンがピンポイントで開口又は開口しない
《ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比の決定》
〈実施例50~65〉
実施例1と同様にポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比を決定した。
〈実施例50~65及び比較例41~44〉
表に示す配合量にて、(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂、(B)露光線吸収剤、(C)光重合開始剤、(E)光重合性化合物、(F)ヒンダードフェノール化合物、(G)重合禁止剤、及び(H)含窒素複素環防錆剤を、(D)溶剤であるγ-ブチロラクトン及びDMSOからなる混合溶媒(重量比80:20)に溶解し、実施例50~65及び比較例41~44のPI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整した。表の配合量は、(A)成分を100質量部とした際の、各成分の質量部である。得られた溶液の粘度を、少量の上記混合溶媒を更に加えることによって約40ポイズ(poise)に調整し、細孔が0.2μmのポリエチレン製フィルターで濾過して樹脂組成物とした。
得られたポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物を用いて実施例1~32及び比較例1~26と同様にして、レリーフパターン膜を製造した。
得られたレリーフパターン膜のテーパー形状を実施例1~32及び比較例1~26と同様にして、評価した。
得られたレリーフパターン膜の解像度を実施例1~32及び比較例1~26と同様にして、評価した。
得られたレリーフパターン膜の感度許容性を実施例1~32及び比較例1~26と同様にして、評価した。
感光性樹脂組成物の調製後、室温(23.0℃±0.5℃、相対湿度50%±10%)で3日間攪拌した状態を初期とし、その後室温で4週間静置した。初期状態のPI前駆体樹脂組成物を6インチシリコンウエハー(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上にスピンコーター(D-SPIN60A型、SOKUDO社製)を用いてスピンコートし、ホットプレート上100℃で180秒の乾燥を行い、厚さ10.0μm±0.2μm(D’)のプリベーク膜を作製した。このスピンコート膜に、丸抜き凹型10μm径パターンを有するテストパターン付レチクルを用いて等倍投影露光装置PrismaGHI S/N5503(ウルトラテック社製)により、gh線カットフィルターを取り付け、30mJ/cm2から270mJ/cm2まで20mJ/cm2刻みで露光量を変えて露光した。次いで、ウエハ上に形成した塗膜を、シクロペンタノンを用いて現像機(D-SPIN636型、大日本スクリーン社製)でスプレー現像し、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートでリンスして、ポリアミド酸エステルのパターンを得た。なお、スプレー現像の現像時間は、上記10.0μmのスピンコート膜において、未露光部の樹脂組成物が現像する最小時間の1.4倍の時間と定義した。実施例50で得られたレリーフパターンの各露光量における膜厚を測定した。得られた感度曲線の例を図2に示す。ここで縦軸は、(露光現像後の膜厚/露光前の膜厚)×100(%)で相対膜厚(Normalized film thickness)を示し、横軸は露光量(Exposure dose)を示す。そして相対膜厚(Normalized film thickness)が約85%となる部分の露光量を感度露光量(mJ/cm2)と定義した。
A:経時による相対膜厚の変化量が0~±2%未満である。
B:経時による相対膜厚の変化量が±2%以上である。
表13及び15において、4週間静置後のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の相対膜厚が初期状態のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の相対膜厚に比べ高い値となったものはプラス(+)列に記載し、低い値となったものはマイナス(-)列に記載した。
《ポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比の決定》
〈実施例66~78〉
実施例33と同様にポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物の組成比を決定した。
〈実施例66~78及び比較例45~47〉
表に示す配合量にて、(A)ポリイミド前駆体樹脂、(B)露光線吸収剤、(C)光重合開始剤、(E)光重合性化合物、(F)ヒンダードフェノール化合物、(G)重合禁止剤、及び(H)含窒素複素環防錆剤を、(D)溶剤であるγ-ブチロラクトン及びDMSOからなる混合溶媒(重量比80:20)に溶解し、実施例66~78及び比較例45~47のPI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整した。表の配合量は、(A)成分を100質量部とした際の、各成分の質量部である。得られた溶液の粘度を、少量の上記混合溶媒を更に加えることによって約15ポイズ(poise)に調整し、細孔が0.2μmのポリエチレン製フィルターで濾過して樹脂組成物とした。表中の記号は、それぞれ上記の成分を意味する。
得られたポリイミド前駆体樹脂組成物を用いて実施例33~49及び比較例27~40と同様にして、レリーフパターン膜を製造した。
〈パターンのテーパー形状評価〉
得られたレリーフパターン膜のテーパー形状を実施例33~49及び比較例27~40と同様にして、評価した。
得られたレリーフパターン膜の解像度を実施例33~49及び比較例27~40と同様にして、評価した。
得られたレリーフパターン膜の感度許容性を実施例33~49及び比較例27~40と同様にして、評価した。
感光性樹脂組成物の調製後、室温(23.0℃±0.5℃、相対湿度50%±10%)で3日間攪拌した状態を初期とし、その後室温で4週間静置した。初期状態のPI前駆体樹脂組成物を6インチシリコンウエハー(フジミ電子工業株式会社製、厚み625±25μm)上にスピンコーター(D-SPIN60A型、SOKUDO社製)を用いてスピンコートし、ホットプレート上100℃で180秒の乾燥を行い、厚さ5.0μm±0.2μm(D’)のプリベーク膜を作製した。このスピンコート膜に、丸抜き凹型10μm径パターンを有するテストパターン付レチクルを用いて等倍投影露光装置PrismaGHI S/N5503(ウルトラテック社製)により、gh線カットフィルターを取り付け、30mJ/cm2から150mJ/cm2まで10mJ/cm2刻みで露光量を変えて露光した。次いで、ウエハ上に形成した塗膜を、シクロペンタノンを用いて現像機(D-SPIN636型、大日本スクリーン社製)でスプレー現像し、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートでリンスして、ポリアミド酸エステルのパターンを得た。なお、スプレー現像の現像時間は、上記5.0μmのスピンコート膜において、未露光部の樹脂組成物が現像する最小時間の1.4倍の時間と定義した。得られたレリーフパターンにおいて、相対膜厚(Normalized film thickness)を算出し、相対膜厚が約80%となる部分の露光量を感度露光量(mJ/cm2)と定義した。
A:経時による相対膜厚の変化量が0~±2%未満である。
B:経時による相対膜厚の変化量が±2%以上である。
表17及び19において、4週間静置後のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の相対膜厚が初期状態のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の相対膜厚に比べ高い値となったものはプラス(+)列に記載し、低い値となったものはマイナス(-)列に記載した。
Claims (43)
- ポリイミド(PI)前駆体樹脂、露光線吸収剤、光重合開始剤、及び溶剤を含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造方法であって、前記製造方法は、
露光に使用される光線種を特定する工程と;
特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXpが0.001~0.20の範囲にある樹脂から前記PI前駆体樹脂を選択し、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXtが0.01~0.05の範囲にある材料から前記露光線吸収剤を選択し、特定された光線種に対する吸光度パラメータXrが0~0.04の範囲にある材料から前記光重合開始剤を選択する、工程と;
選択された前記PI前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXp、選択された前記露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXt、選択された前記光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXr、及び前記PI前駆体樹脂組成物を塗膜し脱溶剤したプリベーク膜の想定厚さDに基づいて、以下の式:
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D≦2.2
を満たすように、前記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部を基準としたときの、前記露光線吸収剤の添加質量部αと、前記光重合開始剤の添加質量部βを決定する工程と;
決定された前記PI前駆体樹脂、決定された添加質量部αの前記露光線吸収剤、決定された添加質量部βの前記光重合開始剤、及び溶剤を含むように、PI前駆体樹脂組成物を調整する工程と
を含む、PI前駆体樹脂組成物の製造方法。 - 前記露光に使用される光線種がi線である、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記想定厚さDを1μm以上7μm未満に設定して、前記露光線吸収剤の添加質量部αと前記光重合開始剤の添加質量部βを決定する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、含窒素複素環防錆剤を更に含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記露光線吸収剤が1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を有する化合物である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、光重合性化合物を更に含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記露光線吸収剤が、下記一般式(6)~(10):
{式(6)中、X1及びX2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~60の1価の有機基を表し、X3及びX4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~60の1価の有機基を表し、r1、r2、r3及びr4は、それぞれ独立に、0~5の整数であり、r3及びr4の少なくとも1つは、1~5の整数であり、r1+r3=5であり、そしてr2+r4=5である。}
{式(7)中、Zは、炭素数1~20の4価の有機基を表し、X5、X6、X7及びX8は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~30の1価の有機基を表し、r6は、0又は1の整数であり、r5、r7、r8及びr9は、それぞれ独立に、0~3の整数であり、r10、r11、r12及びr13は、それぞれ独立に、0~2の整数であり、そしてr10、r11、r12及びr13の少なくとも1つは、1又は2である。}
{式(8)中、r14は、1~5の整数を表し、r15は、3~8の整数であり、r14×r15個のLは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表し、r15個のTは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表し、そしてr15個のSは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表す。}
{式(9)中、Aは、脂肪族の3級又は4級炭素を含む2価の有機基を表し、そしてMは、2価の有機基を表す。}
{式(10)中、r17、r18、r19及びr20は、それぞれ独立に、0~2の整数であり、r17、r18、r19及びr20の少なくとも1つは、1又は2であり、X10~X19は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルコキシ基、アリル基及びアシル基から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの1価の基を表し、そしてY1~Y3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-CO-、-CO2-、シクロペンチリデン、シクロヘキシリデン、フェニレン及び炭素数1~20の2価の有機基から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの2価の基を表す。}
から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル及び/又は1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。 - 前記露光線吸収剤が、上記式(6)~(10)から成る群から選択される少なくとも一つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記露光線吸収剤のエステル化率が80%以上である、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- レリーフパターン膜の製造方法であって、前記方法は、
請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法により、PI前駆体樹脂、露光線吸収剤、光重合開始剤、及び溶剤を含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物を製造する工程と、
前記PI前駆体樹脂組成物の塗膜を得る、塗膜工程と、
前記塗膜中の溶剤を脱溶剤して、厚さD’の感光性樹脂層を得る、乾燥工程と、
前記感光性樹脂層を前記特定された光線種により露光する、露光工程と、
前記露光後に前記感光性樹脂層を現像してレリーフパターン膜を得る、現像工程と、
を含む、レリーフパターン膜の製造方法。 - 脱溶剤後の厚さD’の塗膜が、
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D’≦2.2
である、請求項15に記載のレリーフパターン膜の製造方法。 - PI前駆体樹脂と、前記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部を基準として質量部αの露光線吸収剤と、質量部βの光重合開始剤と、溶剤とを含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物であって、
i線に対する前記PI前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXpと、
i線に対する前記露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXtと、
i線に対する前記光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXrと、
前記露光線吸収剤の質量部αと、
前記光重合開始剤の質量部βとの関係が、
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×10≦2.2
0.001≦Xp≦0.20
0.01≦Xt≦0.05
0≦Xr≦0.04
である、PI前駆体樹脂組成物。 - ポリイミド(PI)前駆体樹脂と、前記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部を基準として質量部αの露光線吸収剤と、質量部βの光重合開始剤と、溶剤とを含有するPI前駆体樹脂組成物であって、
i線に対する前記PI前駆体樹脂の吸光度パラメータXpと、
i線に対する前記露光線吸収剤の吸光度パラメータXtと、
i線に対する前記光重合開始剤の吸光度パラメータXrと、
前記露光線吸収剤の質量部αと、
前記光重合開始剤の質量部βとの関係が、
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×5≦2.2
0.001≦Xp≦0.20
0.01≦Xt≦0.05
0≦Xr≦0.04
である、PI前駆体樹脂組成物。 - 前記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、含窒素複素環防錆剤を更に含む、請求項17~20のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
- 前記露光線吸収剤が1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を有する化合物である、請求項17~21のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
- 前記PI前駆体樹脂組成物が、光重合性化合物を更に含む、請求項17~22のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
- 前記露光線吸収剤が、下記一般式(6)~(10):
{式(6)中、X1及びX2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~60の1価の有機基を表し、X3及びX4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~60の1価の有機基を表し、r1、r2、r3及びr4は、それぞれ独立に、0~5の整数であり、r3及びr4の少なくとも1つは、1~5の整数であり、r1+r3=5であり、そしてr2+r4=5である。}
{式(7)中、Zは、炭素数1~20の4価の有機基を表し、X5、X6、X7及びX8は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~30の1価の有機基を表し、r6は、0又は1の整数であり、r5、r7、r8及びr9は、それぞれ独立に、0~3の整数であり、r10、r11、r12及びr13は、それぞれ独立に、0~2の整数であり、そしてr10、r11、r12及びr13の少なくとも1つは、1又は2である。}
{式(8)中、r14は、1~5の整数を表し、r15は、3~8の整数であり、r14×r15個のLは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表し、r15個のTは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表し、そしてr15個のSは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表す。}
{式(9)中、Aは、脂肪族の3級又は4級炭素を含む2価の有機基を表し、そしてMは、2価の有機基を表す。}
{式(10)中、r17、r18、r19及びr20は、それぞれ独立に、0~2の整数であり、r17、r18、r19及びr20の少なくとも1つは、1又は2であり、X10~X19は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルコキシ基、アリル基及びアシル基から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの1価の基を表し、そしてY1~Y3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-CO-、-CO2-、シクロペンチリデン、シクロヘキシリデン、フェニレン及び炭素数1~20の2価の有機基から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの2価の基を表す。}
から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル及び/又は1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、請求項17~25のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。 - 前記露光線吸収剤が、上記式(6)~(10)から成る群から選択される少なくとも一つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、請求項17~26のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
- 前記露光線吸収剤のエステル化率が80%以上である、請求項17~27のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物。
- 請求項17~29のいずれか一項に記載のPI前駆体樹脂組成物の硬化膜。
- 厚さD’が1μm≦D’≦20μmのプリベーク膜であって、
前記プリベーク膜は、ポリイミド(PI)前駆体樹脂と、前記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部に対してα質量部の前記露光線吸収剤と、前記PI前駆体樹脂100質量部に対してβ質量部の前記光重合開始剤とを含有し、
前記PI前駆体樹脂はi線に対する吸光度パラメータXpが0.001≦Xp≦0.20の範囲であり、
前記露光線吸収剤はi線に対する吸光度パラメータXtが0.01≦Xt≦0.05の範囲であり、
前記光重合開始剤はi線に対する吸光度パラメータXrが、0≦Xr≦0.04の範囲であり、
以下の式:
0.7≦(Xp+Xt×α+Xr×β)×D’≦2.2
を満たす、プリベーク膜。 - 前記プリベーク膜の厚さD’が1μm≦D’<7μmである、請求項31又は32に記載のプリベーク膜。
- 前記プリベーク膜が、含窒素複素環防錆剤を更に含む、請求項31~34のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
- 前記露光線吸収剤が1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド構造を有する化合物である、請求項31~35のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
- 前記プリベーク膜が、光重合性化合物を更に含む、請求項31~36のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
- 前記露光線吸収剤が、下記一般式(6)~(10):
{式(6)中、X1及びX2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~60の1価の有機基を表し、X3及びX4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~60の1価の有機基を表し、r1、r2、r3及びr4は、それぞれ独立に、0~5の整数であり、r3及びr4の少なくとも1つは、1~5の整数であり、r1+r3=5であり、そしてr2+r4=5である。}
{式(7)中、Zは、炭素数1~20の4価の有機基を表し、X5、X6、X7及びX8は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~30の1価の有機基を表し、r6は、0又は1の整数であり、r5、r7、r8及びr9は、それぞれ独立に、0~3の整数であり、r10、r11、r12及びr13は、それぞれ独立に、0~2の整数であり、そしてr10、r11、r12及びr13の少なくとも1つは、1又は2である。}
{式(8)中、r14は、1~5の整数を表し、r15は、3~8の整数であり、r14×r15個のLは、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表し、r15個のTは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表し、そしてr15個のSは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~20の1価の有機基を表す。}
{式(9)中、Aは、脂肪族の3級又は4級炭素を含む2価の有機基を表し、そしてMは、2価の有機基を表す。}
{式(10)中、r17、r18、r19及びr20は、それぞれ独立に、0~2の整数であり、r17、r18、r19及びr20の少なくとも1つは、1又は2であり、X10~X19は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルコキシ基、アリル基及びアシル基から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの1価の基を表し、そしてY1~Y3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、-CO-、-CO2-、シクロペンチリデン、シクロヘキシリデン、フェニレン及び炭素数1~20の2価の有機基から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つの2価の基を表す。}
から成る群から選択される少なくとも1つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-4-スルホン酸エステル及び/又は1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、請求項31~39のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。 - 前記露光線吸収剤が、上記式(6)~(10)から成る群から選択される少なくとも一つのヒドロキシ化合物の1,2-ナフトキノンジアジド-5-スルホン酸エステルである、請求項31~40のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
- 前記露光線吸収剤のエステル化率が80%以上である、請求項31~41のいずれか一項に記載のプリベーク膜。
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| WO2025178095A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-22 | 2025-08-28 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、硬化物、積層体、硬化物の製造方法、積層体の製造方法、半導体デバイスの製造方法、及び、半導体デバイス、並びに、ポリアミック酸エステルの製造方法 |
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