WO2022034725A1 - ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子、その製造方法及びポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体 - Google Patents
ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子、その製造方法及びポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022034725A1 WO2022034725A1 PCT/JP2021/019711 JP2021019711W WO2022034725A1 WO 2022034725 A1 WO2022034725 A1 WO 2022034725A1 JP 2021019711 W JP2021019711 W JP 2021019711W WO 2022034725 A1 WO2022034725 A1 WO 2022034725A1
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- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/22—After-treatment of expandable particles; Forming foamed products
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- C08J9/232—Forming foamed products by sintering expandable particles
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- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
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- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/026—Crosslinking before of after foaming
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- C08J2201/034—Post-expanding of foam beads or sheets
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- C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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- C08K5/0066—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polyolefin-based resin foamed particles, a method for producing the same, and a polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded body.
- Polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded bodies formed by in-mold molding of polyolefin-based resin foamed particles are used for various purposes such as packaging materials, automobile members, and building materials.
- This type of polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded product may be colored with carbon black.
- a hindered amine-based flame retardant may be added to the polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded product for the purpose of enhancing flame retardancy (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 In recent years, it has been desired to improve the appearance characteristics of a polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded product containing a hindered amine-based flame retardant and carbon black as in Patent Document 1.
- the foamed particle molded body containing carbon black when the density of the molded body is low, the amount of resin is small, so that the combustion speed is high and the combustion tends to be easy. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the amount of the hindered amine flame retardant added in order to exhibit the desired flame retardancy. However, when the amount of the hindered amine flame retardant added is increased, the unevenness of the color tone on the surface of the foamed particle molded product may become large.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above background, and is a polyolefin-based resin foamed particle capable of obtaining a foamed particle molded product having excellent flame retardancy and excellent appearance characteristics, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide a polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded body obtained by in-mold molding of the polyolefin-based resin foamed particles.
- One aspect of the present invention is a polyolefin-based resin foamed particle containing a base resin containing a polyolefin-based resin as a main component, carbon black, and a flame retardant.
- the bulk density of the polyolefin-based resin foam particles is 10 to 100 kg / m 3 .
- the blending amount of the carbon black is 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin.
- the flame retardant contains a hindered amine compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- the amount of the hindered amine-based compound blended is 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin, which is present in the polyolefin-based resin foamed particles.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded body obtained by in-mold molding of the polyolefin-based resin foamed particles of the above-mentioned aspect.
- Still another aspect of the present invention is a polyolefin-based resin foamed particles containing a base resin containing a polyolefin-based resin as a main component, carbon black, and a flame retardant, and having a bulk density of 10 to 100 kg / m 3 .
- It ’s a manufacturing method, The effervescent polyolefin resin particles containing the base resin, the carbon black, the flame retardant, and the foaming agent and dispersed in the aqueous medium in the closed container are mixed with the aqueous medium from the closed container into the closed container. It has a foaming process that releases and foams under lower pressure.
- the blending amount of the carbon black is 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin, and the flame retardant contains a hindered amine-based compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the polyolefin-based resin foamed particles include a base resin containing a polyolefin-based resin as a main component, carbon black, and a flame retardant containing the specific hindered amine-based compound. ing.
- the specific hindered amine compound can reduce the variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles. By in-mold molding of foamed particles having a small variation in bubble diameter, it is possible to reduce unevenness in color tone in a polyolefin-based resin foamed particle molded product (hereinafter referred to as “foamed particle molded product”).
- the foamed particle molded product obtained by molding the foamed particles in the mold has excellent flame retardancy.
- the foamed particle molded body is composed of the foamed particles. Therefore, the foamed particle molded product can reduce the unevenness of the color tone and has excellent flame retardancy.
- the method for producing the polyolefin-based resin foamed particles contains a base resin, carbon black, a flame retardant and a foaming agent, and the foamable polyolefin resin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium in a closed container (hereinafter, "" It has a foaming step of discharging (referred to as “foamable resin particles") from the closed container together with an aqueous medium under a pressure lower than that in the closed container to foam. Therefore, according to the method for producing the polyolefin-based resin foamed particles, it is possible to reduce the variation in the bubbles formed in the foamed particles in the foaming step. As a result, the foamed particles can be easily obtained.
- the polyolefin-based resin foamed particles, the method for producing the same, or the polyolefin-based resin, which can obtain a foamed particle molded product having excellent flame retardancy and excellent appearance characteristics, can be obtained.
- a foamed particle molded product can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of calculating the area of a high temperature peak.
- the foamed particles contain a base resin, carbon black, and a flame retardant.
- the main component of the base resin in the foamed particles is a polyolefin resin.
- the main component of the base resin means a component having a mass ratio of 50% by mass or more in the base resin.
- the polyolefin-based resin refers to a homopolymer of an olefin-based monomer such as ethylene, propylene, butene, and pentene, and a copolymer containing 60 mol% or more of a component derived from the olefin-based monomer.
- the polyolefin-based resin for example, a polyethylene-based resin, an ethylene-based ionomer, a polypropylene-based resin, a polybutene, a polypentene, and an olefin-based monomer and a monomer capable of copolymerizing with an olefin-based monomer such as a styrene-based monomer can be used.
- a copolymer or the like can be used.
- polyethylene-based resin examples include ethylene homopolymers such as high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, branched low-density polyethylene, linear low-density polyethylene, and linear ultra-low-density polyethylene; ethylene-propylene random copolymer, ethylene-. 60 mol% of components derived from ethylene-based monomers such as propylene block copolymer, ethylene-butene block copolymer, ethylene-buten random copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-methylmethacrylate copolymer Examples thereof include polyethylene-based copolymers and the like contained above.
- Examples of the ethylene-based ionomer include ionomers in which the molecules of an ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer are crosslinked with metal ions.
- polypropylene-based resin examples include propylene homopolymers such as isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, and atactic polypropylene; propylene-ethylene random copolymers, propylene-ethylene block copolymers, and propylene-butene random copolymers. Contains 60 mol% or more of components derived from propylene-based monomers such as propylene-butene block copolymer, propylene-ethylene-butene ternary copolymer, propylene-acrylic acid copolymer and propylene-maleic anhydride copolymer. Examples thereof include a propylene-based copolymer and the like.
- the base resin may contain one kind of resin selected from these polyolefin-based resins, or may contain two or more kinds of resins.
- the base resin contains a polypropylene-based resin. Since the foamed particle molded product containing the polypropylene-based resin is excellent in cushioning property, compression strain recovery property, and light weight, it can be particularly preferably used for applications such as packaging materials, automobile members, and building materials.
- the base resin may contain, in addition to the polyolefin-based resin, a material other than the polyolefin-based resin such as other resins and elastomers as long as the object and action of the present invention are not impaired.
- a material other than the polyolefin-based resin such as other resins and elastomers as long as the object and action of the present invention are not impaired.
- the resin other than the polyolefin-based resin include thermoplastic resins such as polystyrene-based resin, polyamide-based resin, and polyester-based resin.
- elastomers other than polyolefin resins include olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers and styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers.
- the proportion of the polyolefin-based resin in the base resin is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, further preferably 90% by mass or more, and the base resin is a polyolefin-based resin. It is particularly preferable that it is composed of only.
- the foamed particles contain 0.5 to 10 parts by mass of carbon black with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin.
- the foamed particles and the foamed particle molded body obtained by molding the foamed particles in the mold can be sufficiently colored. If the blending amount of carbon black is too small, coloring with carbon black may be insufficient, and the color tone of the foamed particle molded product may be uneven. If the amount of carbon black blended is too large, the flame retardancy of the foamed particle molded product may be deteriorated.
- the blending amount of carbon black is preferably 1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin, and 2 parts by mass or more. Is more preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of more reliably avoiding deterioration of flame retardancy of the foamed particle molded product, it is preferable that the blending amount of carbon black is 7 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin, and 4 parts by mass. It is more preferable to make the following.
- the carbon black for example, channel black, roller black, furnace black, thermal black, acetylene black, ketjen black, etc. can be used.
- the carbon black is preferably a furnace black having an excellent balance between dispersibility in a polyolefin resin and material cost.
- a flame retardant is blended in the foamed particles.
- the flame retardant contains at least a hindered amine compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) may be a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group. There may be. It is preferable that R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) are linear aliphatic hydrocarbon groups. From the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of the flame retardant on improving the flame retardancy, the carbon number of R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (I) is preferably 5 to 15, and particularly preferably 11.
- the hindered amine-based compound itself not only has an effect of improving flame retardancy, but also has an effect of reducing variation in the bubble size of foamed particles. That is, the specific hindered amine compound has a smaller molecular weight than the hindered amine flame retardant conventionally used for polypropylene-based resin foamed particles, and therefore has excellent compatibility with the base resin. Therefore, the hindered amine compound has a property of being less likely to aggregate in the base resin.
- a hindered amine compound as a flame retardant, it is possible to suppress the formation of bubble nuclei caused by the aggregates of the flame retardant in the process of producing the foamed particles. As a result, it is possible to reduce the variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles when comparing the bubble diameters of the plurality of foamed particles.
- the variation in the thickness of the bubble film of the foamed particles can also be reduced. Since the polyolefin-based resin, which is the main component of the base resin, is a flammable resin, when the thickness of the bubble film varies widely, the thick portion of the bubble film tends to burn. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the variation in the thickness of the bubble film of the obtained foamed particle molded body by in-mold molding the foamed particles having a small variation in the bubble diameter, and to obtain a foamed particle molded body having excellent flame retardancy. It is thought that it can be done.
- the flame retardant improving effect of the hindered amine compound itself and the flame retardant improving effect derived from the reduction of the variation in the bubble diameter are synergistically combined. Can act. As a result, a foamed particle molded product having excellent flame retardancy can be obtained. Further, by using the hindered amine-based compound as a flame retardant, it is possible to reduce the blending amount as compared with the conventional hindered amine-based flame retardant while ensuring excellent flame retardancy.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound is 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound is too large, the variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles tends to be large, which may lead to deterioration of flame retardancy and deterioration of the appearance characteristics of the foamed particle molded body.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound is 100 parts by mass of the base resin. It is preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more. Further, from the viewpoint of more reliably avoiding an increase in variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles, it is preferable that the blending amount of the hindered amine compound is 0.8 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin. It is more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less.
- the molecular weight of the hindered amine compound is preferably 600 to 800. In this case, it is possible to further reduce the variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles, more effectively suppress the occurrence of color tone unevenness in the foamed particle molded body, and obtain the foamed particle molded body having excellent flame retardancy. can.
- the molecular weight of the above-mentioned hindered amine compound is the total atomic weight of the atoms constituting the hindered amine compound.
- the molecular weight of the above-mentioned hindered amine compounds is the weighted average of the molecular weights of the hindered amine compounds contained in the foamed particles.
- the number average molecular weight obtained by GPC using polystyrene as a standard material can be used as the molecular weight of the hindered amine compound.
- the flame retardant in the foamed particles may be composed of one or more compounds selected from the hindered amine compounds represented by the general formula (I). Further, the flame retardant in the foamed particles may contain a flame retardant other than the hindered amine compound in addition to the hindered amine compound represented by the general formula (I). Examples of other flame retardants include halogen-based flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, metal hydroxides, and hindered amine-based flame retardants other than the hindered amine-based compounds represented by the general formula (I).
- the blending amount of the other flame retardant is such that the above-mentioned action and effect are not impaired. Just do it.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound represented by the general formula (I) in the flame retardant is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and 90% by mass or more. It is more preferable that the flame retardant is composed of only the hindered amine compound.
- the foamed particles may contain additives such as a flame retardant aid, a bubble modifier, a catalyst neutralizer, a lubricant, a crystal nucleating agent, and an antistatic agent.
- the content of the additive in the foamed particles is, for example, preferably 15% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or less, and 1% by mass or less. It is particularly preferable to have.
- the bulk density of the foamed particles is 10 to 100 kg / m 3 .
- the bulk density of the foamed particles is preferably 50 kg / m 3 or less, more preferably 30 kg / m 3 or less, and even more preferably 20 kg / m 3 or less.
- the lightness of the foamed particle molded product can be further improved.
- the bulk density of the foamed particles is low, the amount of the base resin in the foamed particles is small, so that the combustion speed of the foamed particle molded body tends to increase.
- the specific hindered amine compound as a flame retardant for the foamed particles, excellent flame retardancy of the foamed particle molded product can be ensured even in such a situation.
- the bulk density of the foamed particles is preferably 15 kg / m 3 or more, more preferably 18 kg / m 3 or more, and 20 kg / m 3 or more. Is more preferable.
- the bulk density of the foamed particles described above is a value calculated by the following method. First, 500 or more foamed particles are left for 24 hours or more in an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C., a relative humidity of 50%, and 1 atm. The foamed particle group thus obtained is filled in a graduated cylinder so as to be naturally deposited, and the bulk volume (unit: L) of the foamed particle group is read from the scale of the graduated cylinder. Then, the bulk density (unit: kg / m 3 ) of the foamed particles can be obtained by converting the value obtained by dividing the mass (unit: g) of the foamed particles in the graduated cylinder by the bulk volume described above into a unit. ..
- the foamed particles have one or more endothermic peaks (hereinafter referred to as "inherent peaks”) on the high temperature side of the apex of the endothermic peak peculiar to the polyolefin resin (hereinafter referred to as "inherent peak”).
- inherent peak it is preferable to have a crystal structure in which "high temperature peak" appears.
- the closed cell ratio of the foamed particles can be further increased, and the molding conditions for molding the foamed particle molded product can be selected from a wide range.
- the rigidity of the obtained foamed particle molded product can be further increased.
- the amount of heat absorbed at the high temperature peak (hereinafter referred to as "high temperature peak heat amount”) is preferably 5 J / g or more, and more preferably 8 J / g or more.
- the high temperature peak calorific value is preferably 50 J / g or less, and more preferably 40 J / g or less.
- the high temperature peak calorific value of the foamed particles can be calculated by the following method. First, about 1 to 3 mg of foamed particles is used as a test piece, and a DSC curve when the test piece is heated and melted according to the method for measuring transfer heat of plastic specified in JIS K7122-1987 is obtained.
- the temperature range of the DSC curve is from 30 ° C. to a temperature 30 ° C. higher than the temperature at the end of the melting peak, and the heating rate during heating is 10 ° C./min.
- a natural peak ⁇ H1 and a high temperature peak ⁇ H2 having an apex on the high temperature side of the apex of the natural peak ⁇ H1 appear on the DSC curve.
- the melting end temperature T is the end point on the high temperature side of the high temperature peak ⁇ H2, that is, the intersection of the high temperature peak ⁇ H2 on the DSC curve and the baseline on the high temperature side of the high temperature peak ⁇ H2.
- the average bubble diameter Dav of the foamed particles is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the foamed particle molded product can be effectively colored with a relatively small amount of carbon black.
- the average bubble diameter Dav of the foamed particles is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 350 ⁇ m or less. More preferred.
- the average bubble diameter Dav of the foamed particles is a value calculated by the following method.
- the foamed particles are divided into roughly two equal parts. Using a scanning electron microscope, a magnified photograph is taken so that the cut surface exposed by division is completely within the field of view. On the obtained magnified photograph, two line segments are drawn from the outermost surface of the foamed particles to the outermost surface on the opposite side through the central portion so that the angles formed by the adjacent line segments are equal. That is, the angle formed by the adjacent line segments is 90 °.
- the value obtained by dividing the total length of the two line segments thus obtained by the total number of bubbles intersecting the line segment is defined as the bubble diameter of each foamed particle.
- the above operation is performed on a plurality of randomly selected foamed particles, and the arithmetic mean value of the bubble diameters of the entire foamed particles obtained for each foamed particle is defined as the average bubble diameter Dav of the foamed particles. ..
- the number of foamed particles used to calculate the average bubble diameter can be, for example, 30 or more.
- the degree of variation in the bubble diameter when the foamed particles are compared is represented by the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter, and the smaller the value of the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter, the larger the bubble diameter of the foamed particles. It means that the variation of is small.
- the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles is preferably 25% or less, more preferably 23% or less, still more preferably 21% or less. In this case, it is possible to further reduce the variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles, more effectively suppress the unevenness of the color tone of the foamed particle molded body, and obtain the foamed particle molded body having excellent flame retardancy.
- the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles is specifically a value calculated by the following method.
- the bubble diameters of a plurality of foamed particles are calculated by the same method as the method for calculating the average bubble diameter of the foamed particles described above.
- the average bubble diameter D av (unit: ⁇ m) of the foamed particles and the standard deviation D sd (unit: ⁇ m) of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles are calculated based on the bubble diameter of these foamed particles.
- the standard deviation D sd of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles is the square root of the unbiased dispersion of the bubble diameter.
- the standard deviation D sd of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles is specifically a value calculated by the following mathematical formula (1).
- the symbol n in the following formula (1) indicates the total number of foamed particles for which the bubble diameter has been calculated.
- the coefficient of variation DCV (unit:%) of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles is a value obtained by expressing the ratio D sd / D av of the standard deviation D sd of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles to the average bubble diameter D av as a percentage. ..
- ⁇ Ratio of variation coefficient DCV of bubble diameter of foamed particles to bulk magnification X DCV / X The value of DCV / X, which is the ratio of the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles to the bulk factor X of the foamed particles, is preferably 0.40 or less. Since the value of the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter tends to increase as the bulk ratio X increases, the degree of variation in the bubble diameter between the foamed particles having different bulk ratios is simply the value of the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter. It is difficult to compare only by. However, based on the above-mentioned tendency, by dividing the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter by the bulk factor X, an index showing the degree of variation in the bubble diameter in consideration of the influence of the bulk factor X can be obtained.
- the ratio DCV / X of the coefficient of variation DCV of the coefficient of variation of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles with respect to the bulk factor X it is possible to compare the degree of variation in the bubble diameter between the foamed particles having different bulk factor X.
- the value of DCV / X means that the smaller the value, the smaller the variation in the bubble diameter in consideration of the bulk magnification X.
- the ratio DCV / X of the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles to the bulk ratio X of the foamed particles is preferably 0.40 or less, more preferably 0.38 or less, still more preferably 0.35 or less, particularly. By preferably 0.34 or less, the variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles can be further reduced. As a result, it is possible to obtain a foamed particle molded product having excellent flame retardancy while more effectively suppressing the occurrence of uneven color tone of the foamed particle molded product.
- the lower limit of the ratio DCV / X of the coefficient of variation DCV of the bubble diameter of the foamed particles to the bulk factor X of the foamed particles is approximately 0.15.
- the bulk ratio X of the foamed particles described above is a value obtained by dividing the density of the base resin by the bulk density of the foamed particles.
- the foamed particle molded product By molding the foamed particles in a mold, a foamed particle molded product can be obtained.
- the foamed particle molded product is manufactured as follows. First, the foamed particles are filled in a mold having a cavity corresponding to the shape of the desired molded product, and a large number of foamed particles are heated in the mold by a heating medium such as steam. The foamed particles in the cavity further foam and fuse with each other upon heating. As a result, a large number of foamed particles are integrated, and a foamed particle molded product corresponding to the shape of the cavity can be obtained.
- FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
- a plate-shaped test piece is produced by cutting the obtained foamed particle molded body.
- the test piece is left to stand for 24 hours in an environment with a temperature of 21 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50% to adjust the state of the test piece.
- a start line is drawn at a position 38 mm away from the base end in the length direction, and an end line is drawn at a position 292 mm away from the base end.
- the test piece was subjected to FMVSS No. Attached to the U-shaped frame of the 302 dedicated chamber.
- the burner is moved so that the center of the tip of the burner is the center in the width direction at the base end of the test piece, and the flame of the burner is brought into contact with the test piece for 15 seconds. After that, the flame of the burner is separated from the test piece, and the combustion duration from the time when the combustion position of the test piece reaches the start line to the end of combustion is measured.
- the degree of flame retardancy of the foamed particle molded product is classified into one of three stages of self-extinguishing property, slow flame property and flammable property. Specifically, when the combustion of the test piece ends before reaching the start line, or when the combustion end position of the test piece is within 50 mm from the start line and the combustion continuation time is within 60 seconds. It is determined that the foamed particle molded body has self-extinguishing property. Further, when the above-mentioned self-extinguishing property is not applicable and the combustion speed obtained by dividing the combustion distance from the start line by the combustion duration is 102 mm / min or less, the foamed particle molded product is slow. Determined to be flammable. Then, when the self-extinguishing property is not applicable and the combustion rate exceeds 102 mm / min, it is determined that the foamed particle molded product has flammability.
- the foamed particle molded product is FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) No.
- FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
- the combustibility test specified in 302 it is preferable to have a delayed combustion property, and it is more preferable to have a self-extinguishing property.
- the foamed particle molded product can be suitably used for applications requiring high flame retardancy.
- the foamed particle molded body having self-extinguishing property is suitable for applications such as automobile members and building materials.
- the foamed particles contain, for example, a base resin, carbon black, a flame retardant, and a foaming agent, and the foamable polyolefin resin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium in a closed container are sealed together with the aqueous medium from the closed container. It can be produced by a production method having a foaming step of discharging and foaming under a pressure lower than that in a container.
- the particles in the foamed state obtained by the foaming step may be used as the foamed particles as they are. Further, as will be described later, the foamed particles can be produced by using the foamed particles obtained by the foaming step as one-stage foamed particles and performing the two-stage foaming step using the one-stage foamed particles. From the viewpoint of obtaining foamed particles having a lower bulk density, it is preferable to perform a two-stage foaming step after performing the foaming step.
- the foamed particles produced by the above-mentioned production method have small variation in bubble diameter and have excellent flame retardancy.
- each step will be described in more detail.
- the production method may include a granulation step of producing polyolefin-based resin particles (hereinafter, referred to as “resin particles”) containing a base resin, carbon black, and a flame retardant prior to the foaming step.
- the method for producing the resin particles in the granulation step is not particularly limited.
- the resin particles can be obtained by extruding a base resin, carbon black and a flame retardant while kneading them by extrusion molding to produce strands, and then cutting the strands to a desired size with a pelletizer or the like.
- Foamable resin particles can be obtained by impregnating the resin particles obtained in the granulation step with a foaming agent. The impregnation of the resin particles with the foaming agent may be performed in the foaming step or may be performed as a step different from the foaming step.
- the resin particles or the foamable resin particles are placed in a closed container and dispersed in an aqueous dispersion medium such as water.
- an aqueous dispersion medium such as water.
- a dispersant, a dispersion aid, a surfactant, or the like for dispersing the resin particles may be added to the dispersion medium in the closed container.
- the dispersant for example, inorganic fine particles such as aluminum oxide, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, zinc oxide, kaolin, and mica can be used. These inorganic fine particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the dispersion aid for example, aluminum sulfate or the like can be used.
- an anionic surfactant such as sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkane sulfonate can be used. These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the closed container contains effervescent resin particles
- the inside of the container is heated while being pressurized to soften the effervescent resin particles.
- a foaming agent may be added to the container, and the foamable resin particles may be further impregnated with the foaming agent.
- the contents of the closed container are released under a pressure lower than the internal pressure of the container to release the foamable resin particles. It can be foamed to obtain foamed particles or one-stage foamed particles.
- the carbon black and the flame retardant may be blended into the resin particles by a method of kneading with the base resin in the granulation step, and foaming by a method of adding the dispersant and the dispersion aid together with the dispersant in the foaming step. It may be blended in the sex resin particles. From the viewpoint of uniformly dispersing the flame retardant in the foamed particles, it is preferable to knead the base resin, carbon black, and the flame retardant in the granulation step to granulate the polyolefin resin particles.
- the blending amount of carbon black is about the same as the content of carbon black in the finally obtained foamed particles.
- the blending amount of the flame retardant is about the same as the content of the flame retardant in the finally obtained foamed particles.
- the so-called direct foaming method in which the contents of the closed container are released and foamed at the same time after impregnating the foaming agent in the closed container as in the foaming step, easily reduces the bulk density of the foamed particles. be able to.
- direct foaming since the contents of the closed container are discharged under a lower pressure than in the closed container, the foamed particles tend to have a large variation in the bubble diameter.
- the specific hindered amine compound capable of suppressing an increase in variation in bubble diameter is contained in the resin particles. Therefore, by using such resin particles in the above-mentioned production method, it is possible to easily obtain foamed particles having a low bulk density while suppressing an increase in variation in the bubble diameter of the foamed particles.
- an organic physical foaming agent such as a hydrocarbon and a halogenated hydrocarbon
- an inorganic physical foaming agent such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air and water
- examples of the hydrocarbon that can be used as an organic physical foaming agent include butane, pentane, and hexane.
- examples of the halogenated hydrocarbon that can be used as an organic physical foaming agent include trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, tetrachlorodifluoroethane and the like.
- the organic physical foaming agent the above-mentioned substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the inorganic physical foaming agent the above-mentioned substances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the foaming agent is preferably an inorganic physical foaming agent.
- an inorganic physical foaming agent By foaming the resin particles using an inorganic physical foaming agent, it is possible to easily obtain foamed particles having a high foaming ratio and a narrow particle size distribution.
- the inorganic physical foaming agent it is preferable to use carbon dioxide from the viewpoint of more easily obtaining foamed particles having a high foaming ratio and a narrow particle size distribution. Further, since carbon dioxide is nonflammable, it is possible to avoid deterioration of flame retardancy of the foamed particles and the foamed particle molded product due to the foaming agent by using carbon dioxide as the foaming agent.
- the amount of the foaming agent added can be appropriately set according to the type of the base resin, the type of the foaming agent, the bulk density of the target foamed particles, etc., but is 0.1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin.
- mass to 30 parts by mass preferably 0.5 parts by mass to 15 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 part by mass to 10 parts by mass are used.
- the foaming step may include a step of generating the above-mentioned high temperature peak before foaming the resin particles.
- a method for generating a high temperature peak for example, a method of holding the resin particles in a dispersion medium within a specific temperature range in a closed container and performing heat treatment can be adopted.
- the timing of the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and the heat treatment may be performed at any time before, during, or after the impregnation of the foaming agent, or may be performed over two or more of the above-mentioned time points. It may be done.
- the pressure in the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles is increased by impregnating the one-stage foamed particles obtained by the foaming step in the pressure-resistant container with an inorganic physical foaming agent, and then the particles are taken out from the pressure-resistant container. It may further have a two-stage foaming step of reducing the bulk density of the one-stage foamed particles by heating the one-stage foamed particles at a pressure lower than the pressure in the bubbles.
- the two-stage foaming step is carried out, for example, as follows.
- the one-stage foamed particles used in the two-stage foaming step are prepared.
- the one-stage foaming particles used in the two-stage foaming step it is preferable to use the one-stage foaming particles after curing under atmospheric pressure after the foaming step is completed.
- a method for curing the one-stage foamed particles the same method as the conventional curing method can be adopted.
- the one-stage foamed particles After preparing the one-stage foamed particles, put the one-stage foamed particles in a pressure-resistant container that can be pressurized. Next, the pressure-resistant container is pressurized by supplying the inorganic physical foaming agent into the pressure-resistant container, and the one-stage foamed particles are impregnated with the inorganic physical foaming agent. By impregnating the inorganic physical foaming agent in this way, the pressure inside the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles can be increased more than before the impregnation.
- the one-stage foamed particles in the pressure-resistant container may be pressurized while being heated.
- the impregnation of the one-stage foamed particles with the inorganic physical foaming agent can be further promoted.
- the heating temperature of the one-stage foamed particles constitutes the foamed particles from the viewpoint of suppressing blocking, that is, the phenomenon that the one-stage foamed particles are fused to each other to form a lump. It is preferable that the temperature is lower than the melting point of the resin.
- Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, steam, etc. can be used as the inorganic physical foaming agent used in the two-stage foaming process.
- These inorganic physical foaming agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- air which is easy to handle, as the inorganic physical foaming agent.
- the pressure (internal pressure) in the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles used in the two-stage foaming step can be measured by, for example, the method described in Patent Document 1.
- the one-stage foamed particles are taken out from the pressure-resistant container.
- the one-stage foamed particles can be heated using steam or the like at a pressure lower than the pressure inside the bubbles to expand the individual bubbles.
- the bulk density of the one-stage foamed particles can be reduced, and foamed particles having a desired bulk density can be obtained.
- the bulk density of the foamed particles obtained after the two-stage foaming step is preferably 10 to 30 kg / m 3 .
- the container used in the foaming process is referred to as a "sealed container", and the container used in the two-stage foaming process is referred to as a "pressure resistant container”. Anything may be used, and the same container may be used.
- the foamed particles, the method for producing the same, and the specific embodiment of the foamed particle molded body according to the present invention are not limited to the following examples, and the configuration is appropriately changed as long as the gist of the present invention is not impaired. be able to.
- Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 6 to 7 ⁇ Granulation process> A base resin, carbon black, a flame retardant, and a bubble regulator were supplied to the extruder, and these components were kneaded and extruded in the extruder to prepare a strand containing these components. Then, the obtained strands were cut with a pelletizer to obtain resin particles having a length / diameter ratio of 2.0 and an average mass of 1.0 mg.
- the base resin in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 6 to 7 is specifically a propylene-ethylene random copolymer having an ethylene-derived component content of 3.1% by mass. be.
- the melt flow index of the propylene-ethylene random copolymer at 230 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg is 7.3 g / 10 minutes, the density is 900 kg / m 3 , the melting point is 141.2 ° C., and the melting end temperature. Is 155.0 ° C.
- the flame retardant bis (1-undecaneoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) carbonate
- ADKA STUB FP-T80 bis (1-undecaneoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl) carbonate
- the flame retardants used in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 6 to 7 have a chemical structure represented by the following structural formula (II).
- the blending amount of the flame retardant was the ratio shown in Tables 1 and 2 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin.
- the above-mentioned "ADEKA STAB” is a registered trademark of ADEKA CORPORATION.
- the molecular weight of the hindered amine compound is a catalog value.
- Furness black was used as carbon black.
- the blending amount of carbon black was the ratio shown in Tables 1 and 2 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin.
- Zinc borate powder was used as the bubble adjusting agent.
- the blending amount of the bubble adjusting agent was 0.05 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base resin.
- ⁇ foaming process> In an autoclave with an internal volume of 5 L, 0.3 parts by mass of a dispersant, 0.01 parts by mass of a dispersion aid, 0.004 parts by mass of a surfactant, and 300 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of resin particles.
- the dispersion medium of the above was enclosed.
- the dispersant used in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 6 to 7 was kaolin, the dispersion aid was aluminum sulfate, the surfactant was sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and the dispersion medium was water. Is.
- the unit of pressure with (G) means a gauge pressure, that is, a value of pressure based on atmospheric pressure.
- the temperature inside the autoclave was raised until it reached 149 ° C. at a heating rate of 2 ° C./min while stirring the inside of the autoclave.
- carbon dioxide was supplied into the autoclave to adjust the pressure in the autoclave to 2.3 MPa (G), and the temperature at 149 ° C. was maintained for 15 minutes.
- carbon dioxide was supplied into the autoclave to raise the pressure in the autoclave to 2.35 MPa (G)
- the autoclave was opened with back pressure applied, and the contents were released under atmospheric pressure.
- the resin particles were foamed to obtain one-stage foamed particles.
- ⁇ Two-stage foaming process> The one-stage foamed particles obtained in the foaming step were left for 24 hours in an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C., a relative humidity of 50%, and 1 atm for curing, and then the pressure-resistant container was filled with the cured one-stage foamed particles.
- air as an inorganic physical foaming agent was injected into the pressure-resistant container, and the pressure inside the pressure-resistant container was raised from normal pressure to 0.60 MPa (G) over 24 hours. This pressure was maintained for 24 hours to impregnate the bubbles with an inorganic physical foaming agent.
- the pressures (gauge pressures) in the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles taken out from the pressure-resistant container were the values shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the one-stage foamed particles taken out from the pressure-resistant container are filled in the two-stage foaming machine, and saturated steam of the pressure (gauge pressure) shown in the “steam pressure” column of Tables 1 and 2 is supplied to the one-stage foamed particles.
- the temperature of the above was raised to the temperatures shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the pressure-resistant container was opened and the contents were released under atmospheric pressure to further foam the one-stage foamed particles. From the above, foamed particles were obtained.
- the method for measuring the pressure inside the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles is as follows. First, the one-stage foamed particles impregnated with the inorganic physical foaming agent were taken out from the pressure-resistant container. Next, the one-stage foamed particles are housed in a polyethylene bag of about 70 mm ⁇ 100 mm provided with a large number of needle holes having a size that allows air to freely pass through, although the one-stage foamed particles do not pass through, and the one-stage foamed particles are removed from the pressure-resistant container. Within 60 seconds from the time of removal, the particles were moved to a constant temperature room under atmospheric pressure having a temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%.
- the mass Q (unit: g) of the one-stage foamed particles was measured in a constant temperature room.
- the mass Q of the one-stage foamed particles does not include the mass of the polyethylene bag.
- the polyethylene bag containing the one-stage foamed particles was left in a constant temperature room for 48 hours. Then, the mass U (unit: g) of the one-stage foamed particles was measured. The mass U of the one-stage foamed particles does not include the mass of the polyethylene bag.
- the gas such as the inorganic physical foaming agent existing in the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles permeates the bubble film due to the pressure difference between the pressure inside the bubbles and the atmospheric pressure. It is naturally released to the outside of the one-stage foamed particles. As a result, the pressure in the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles left in the constant temperature room for 48 hours decreases to the extent that it reaches equilibrium with the atmospheric pressure.
- the mass W (unit: g) of the inorganic physical foaming agent impregnated in the pressure-resistant container. can be calculated.
- M in the above formula (2) is the molar mass (unit: g / mol) of the inorganic physical foaming agent
- R is a gas constant
- T unit: K
- V unit: L
- the molar mass M of the inorganic physical foaming agent in this example is 28.8 g / mol, which is the average molar mass of air
- the room temperature T of the constant temperature room is 296 K.
- the gas constant R was 0.0083 MPa ⁇ L / (K ⁇ mol).
- the volume V of the bubbles is a value calculated by subtracting the volume of the base resin occupying the one-stage foamed particles from the apparent volume of the one-stage foamed particles.
- the method of calculating the volume V of bubbles is as follows. First, in addition to the one-stage foamed particles used for measuring the pressure in the bubbles described above, a group of one-stage foamed particles composed of 500 or more one-stage foamed particles was prepared. This one-stage foamed particle group was left in an environment of a temperature of 23 ° C., a relative humidity of 50%, and 1 atm for 2 days. Next, a graduated cylinder containing ethanol having a temperature of 23 ° C.
- the apparent volume of the one-stage foamed particles used for measuring the pressure in the bubbles (unit: L). ) Can be calculated. Further, by dividing the mass U of the one-stage foamed particles left in the constant temperature room by the unit-converted density of the base material resin, the volume of the base material resin in the one-stage foamed particles used for measuring the pressure in the bubbles ( The unit: L) can be calculated. Therefore, the volume V (unit: L) of the bubbles can be obtained by subtracting the volume of the base resin occupying the one-stage foamed particles from the apparent volume of the one-stage foamed particles calculated above.
- the foamed particles obtained by the above method were molded in a mold to prepare a flat plate-shaped foamed particle molded product having dimensions of 350 mm in length, 200 mm in width, and 50 mm in thickness.
- the effervescent particles were left to dry in an environment with a temperature of 40 ° C. and a relative humidity of 20% and 1 atm for 24 hours, and then the effervescent particles were filled in a pressure resistant container. Then, air was injected into the pressure-resistant container, and the pressure inside the pressure-resistant container was raised from normal pressure to 0.15 MPa (G) over 12 hours. This pressure was maintained for 12 hours to impregnate the air bubbles into the bubbles.
- G 0.15 MPa
- the pressures in the bubbles of the foamed particles taken out from the pressure-resistant container were the values shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the method for measuring the pressure inside the bubbles of the foamed particles is the same as the method for measuring the pressure inside the bubbles of the one-stage foamed particles described above.
- the foamed particles taken out from the pressure-resistant container were filled in a mold capable of molding a foamed particle molded body having the above-mentioned dimensions.
- in-mold molding was performed by supplying saturated water vapor having a gauge pressure shown in the “molding pressure” column of Tables 1 and 2 into the mold. From the above, a foamed particle molded product having the above-mentioned dimensions was obtained.
- Example 6 has the same configuration as that of Examples 1 to 5 except that the compounds used in Examples 1 to 5 and "Flamestab NOR116" manufactured by BASF are used in combination as a flame retardant. There is. Further, the manufacturing method of Example 6 is the same as the manufacturing method of Examples 1 to 5 except that the flame retardant is changed as described above.
- the flame retardant used in this example has a chemical structure represented by the following structural formula (III).
- "Flamestab” is a registered trademark of BASF.
- Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 5 have the same configurations as those of Examples 1 to 5 except that the above-mentioned "Flamestab NOR116" manufactured by BASF is used as the flame retardant. Further, the manufacturing methods of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are the same as the manufacturing methods of Examples 1 to 5 except that the flame retardant is changed as described above.
- One-stage foamed particles and foamed particles The physical characteristics of the one-stage foamed particles and the foamed particles of Examples and Comparative Examples are measured as follows.
- the measurement sample used for measuring the high-temperature peak calorific value and the total calorific value may be one-stage foamed particles or foamed particles.
- the differential scanning calorimetry was performed using the one-stage foamed particles as the measurement sample. Specifically, about 2 mg of one-stage foamed particles were used as test pieces, and the test pieces were heated and melted according to the method for measuring transfer heat of plastic described in JIS K7122-1987 to obtain a DSC curve at this time.
- the measurement temperature range was from 30 ° C. to a temperature 30 ° C. higher than that at the end of the melting peak, and the heating rate during heating was 10 ° C./min.
- the endothermic peak in the DSC curve thus obtained was divided into an intrinsic peak ⁇ H1 and a high temperature peak ⁇ H2 by the above-mentioned method (see FIG. 1). Then, the total of the area of the intrinsic peak ⁇ H1 and the area of the high temperature peak ⁇ H2 was taken as the value of the total calorific value, and the area of the high temperature peak ⁇ H2 was taken as the value of the high temperature peak calorific value.
- the high-temperature peak heat and total heat of the one-stage foamed particles in Examples 1 to 6 are as shown in Table 1.
- the high-temperature peak heat and total heat of the one-stage foamed particles in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were as shown in Table 2.
- One-step magnification and bulk density of one-step foamed particles More than 500 one-stage foamed particles were left for 24 hours in an environment with a temperature of 23 ° C., a relative humidity of 50%, and 1 atm.
- the one-stage foamed particle group thus obtained was filled in a graduated cylinder so as to be naturally deposited, and the bulk volume (unit: L) of the one-stage foamed particle group was read from the scale of the graduated cylinder. Then, the bulk density (unit: kg / m) of the one-stage foamed particles is converted into a unit by dividing the mass (unit: g) of the one-stage foamed particles in the measuring cylinder by the bulk volume (unit: L) described above. 3 ) was obtained.
- the one-step magnification was calculated by dividing the density of the base resin by the bulk density of the one-step foamed particles.
- the one-step magnification and the bulk density of the one-step foamed particles in Examples 1 to 6 were as shown in Table 1.
- the one-step magnification and the bulk density of the one-step foamed particles in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were as shown in Table 2.
- the method for measuring the bulk ratio X and the bulk density of the foamed particles is the same as the above-mentioned method for measuring the bulk ratio and the bulk density of the one-stage foamed particles, except that the foamed particles are used instead of the one-stage foamed particles.
- the bulk ratio X and bulk density of the foamed particles in Examples 1 to 6 were as shown in Table 1.
- the bulk ratio X and bulk density of the foamed particles in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were as shown in Table 2.
- the standard deviation D sd and the coefficient of variation DCV were calculated using the bubble diameters of the 50 foamed particles calculated as described above.
- the standard deviation D sd of the bubble diameter is the square root of the unbiased dispersion of the bubble diameter.
- the coefficient of variation DCV (unit:%) of the foamed particles is a value obtained by expressing the ratio D sd / D av of the standard deviation D sd of the bubble diameter to the average bubble diameter D av as a percentage.
- the average bubble diameter D av , standard deviation D sd , and coefficient of variation DCV of the foamed particles in the examples were as shown in Table 1.
- the average bubble diameter D av , standard deviation D sd , and coefficient of variation DCV of the foamed particles in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were as shown in Table 2.
- ⁇ Average bubble diameter d av of one-stage foamed particles, standard deviation d sd of bubble diameter and coefficient of variation d CV The method for measuring the average bubble diameter d av of the one-stage foamed particles, the standard deviation d sd of the bubble diameter, and the coefficient of variation d CV is the above-mentioned average cell diameter D av of the foamed particles except that the one-stage foamed particles are used instead of the foamed particles.
- the method for measuring the standard deviation D sd and the coefficient of variation DCV is the same.
- the average bubble diameter dav, the standard deviation dsd of the bubble diameter, and the coefficient of variation d CV of the one-stage foamed particles in Examples 1 to 6 were as shown in Table 1.
- the average bubble diameter dav, the standard deviation dsd of the bubble diameter, and the coefficient of variation d CV of the one-stage foamed particles in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were as shown in Table 2.
- ⁇ Molded body density> The value obtained by dividing the mass of the foamed particle molded body by the volume calculated based on the dimensions was defined as the molded body density (unit: kg / m 3 ).
- the molded body densities of the foamed particle molded bodies in Examples 1 to 6 were as shown in Table 1.
- the density of the foamed particle compacts in Comparative Examples 1 to 7 was as shown in Table 2.
- FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
- the flame retardancy was evaluated by a method according to the flammability test method specified in 302. Specifically, first, by cutting the foamed particle molded body, a plate shape having a length of 350 mm, a width of 102 mm, and a thickness of 12.7 mm is exhibited, and a surface surrounded by a side having a length of 350 mm and a side having a width of 102 mm. A test piece having a skin surface on one side was prepared. In this test piece, a start line was drawn at a position 38 mm away from the base end in the length direction, and an end line was drawn at a position 138 mm away from the base end. Using this test piece, make sure that the skin surface touches the flame of the burner, and FMVSS No. The combustibility test was carried out by the same method as 302.
- the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the L * values obtained at the above-mentioned 30 measurement positions was used.
- the symbol “A” is used when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the L * value is less than 3
- the symbol “A” is used when the difference is 3 or more and less than 4.
- “B” the symbol “C” in the case of 4 or more and less than 5, and the symbol “D” in the case of 5 or more are described respectively.
- the L * value is an index of brightness, and the larger the value, the brighter it is. The smaller the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the L * value, the smaller the difference in brightness and the smaller the color unevenness.
- the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 6 contain carbon black, and a hindered amine compound represented by the structural formula (II) is used as a flame retardant. ing. Further, the blending amount of carbon black and the blending amount of the hindered amine compound are each within the specific range. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of uneven color tone in the foamed particle molded products of Examples 1 to 6, and it is possible to obtain a foamed particle molded product having excellent flame retardancy.
- the examples and the comparative examples will be compared in more detail.
- the foamed particles of Example 1 contain carbon black and a flame retardant made of the specific hindered amine compound. Therefore, the foamed particles of Example 1 have a different coefficient of variation in bubble diameter as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which the type of flame retardant is different and the bulk density is about the same, and the increase in variation in bubble diameter can be suppressed. did it. As a result, the foamed particle molded body made of the foamed particles of Example 1 was able to suppress the occurrence of uneven color tone as compared with the foamed particle molded body made of the foamed particles of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 the foamed particles of Example 2 and Example 3 have different types of flame retardants and have a bulk density. It can be understood that the variation in the bubble diameter can be reduced as compared with Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 in which the values are about the same.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound in the foamed particles of Example 4 is smaller than that of the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 3. Even when the amount of the flame retardant blended in the foamed particles of Example 4 is relatively small, the coefficient of variation of the bubble diameter can be reduced as in the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 3. Further, from the comparison between Examples 1 to 3 and Example 4, it is understood that when the specific hindered amine compound is used, the blending amount of the hindered amine compound can be reduced while maintaining excellent flame retardancy. can.
- the foamed particles of Comparative Example 4 have a larger coefficient of variation of the bubble diameter than the foamed particles of Example 4, and the variation of the bubble diameter is large. Therefore, when the foamed particles of Comparative Example 4 are molded in the mold, a portion where a relatively large amount of the base resin is present and a portion where a relatively small amount of the base resin is present are likely to be formed inside the foamed particle molded body. Further, since the blending amount of the flame retardant in Comparative Example 4 is relatively small, the effect of improving the flame retardant derived from the flame retardant is relatively small.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound in the foamed particles of Example 5 is larger than that of the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 3. Even when the amount of the flame retardant blended in the foamed particles of Example 5 is relatively large, the coefficient of variation of the bubble diameter can be reduced as in the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 3. On the other hand, the foamed particles of Comparative Example 5 have a larger coefficient of variation of the bubble diameter than the foamed particles of Example 5, and the variation of the bubble diameter is large. From the comparison between Example 5 and Comparative Example 5, when the specific hindered amine compound is used, even when the blending amount of the specific hindered amine compound is increased, the increase in the variation in the bubble diameter is suppressed and the foaming occurs. It can be understood that the occurrence of color unevenness in the particle molded body can be suppressed.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound in the foamed particles of Comparative Example 6 is larger than the specific range. Therefore, the foamed particles of Comparative Example 6 had a larger variation in the bubble diameter than the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 6.
- the blending amount of the hindered amine compound in the foamed particles of Comparative Example 7 is smaller than the specific range. Therefore, the foamed particle molded body made of the foamed particles of Comparative Example 7 is inferior in flame retardancy to the foamed particle molded body made of the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 6.
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Abstract
Description
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の嵩密度が10~100kg/m3であり、
前記カーボンブラックの配合量が前記基材樹脂100質量部に対して0.5~10質量部であり、
前記難燃剤には下記一般式(I)で表されるヒンダードアミン系化合物が含まれており、
前記ヒンダードアミン系化合物の配合量が前記基材樹脂100質量部に対して0.01~1質量部である、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子にある。
前記基材樹脂、前記カーボンブラック、前記難燃剤及び発泡剤を含有しており、密閉容器内で水性媒体中に分散した発泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を前記水性媒体とともに前記密閉容器から該密閉容器内よりも低い圧力下に放出して発泡させる発泡工程を有しており、
前記カーボンブラックの配合量が前記基材樹脂100質量部に対して0.5~10質量部であり、前記難燃剤には下記一般式(I)で表されるヒンダードアミン系化合物が含まれており、前記ヒンダードアミン系化合物の配合量が前記基材樹脂100質量部に対して0.01~1質量部である、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法にある。
前記発泡粒子には、基材樹脂と、カーボンブラックと、難燃剤とが含まれている。
前記発泡粒子における基材樹脂の主成分はポリオレフィン系樹脂である。本明細書において、基材樹脂の主成分とは、基材樹脂中の質量比率が50質量%以上である成分をいう。また、本明細書において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂とは、エチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、ペンテン等のオレフィン系モノマーの単独重合体及びオレフィン系モノマーに由来する成分を60モル%以上含有する共重合体をいう。
前記発泡粒子には、基材樹脂100質量部に対して0.5~10質量部のカーボンブラックが配合されている。カーボンブラックの配合量を前記特定の範囲とすることにより、発泡粒子及び発泡粒子を型内成形してなる発泡粒子成形体を十分に着色することができる。カーボンブラックの配合量が少なすぎる場合には、カーボンブラックによる着色が不十分となり、発泡粒子成形体の色調にむらが生じやすくなるおそれがある。カーボンブラックの配合量が多すぎる場合には、発泡粒子成形体の難燃性の悪化を招くおそれがある。
前記発泡粒子には、難燃剤が配合されている。難燃剤には、少なくとも、下記一般式(I)で表されるヒンダードアミン系化合物が含まれている。
前記発泡粒子には、難燃助剤、気泡調整剤、触媒中和剤、滑剤、結晶核剤、帯電防止剤等の添加剤が含まれていてもよい。発泡粒子中の添加剤の含有量は、例えば、15質量%以下であることが好ましく、10質量%以下であることがより好ましく、5質量%以下であることがさらに好ましく、1質量%以下であることが特に好ましい。
前記発泡粒子の嵩密度は、10~100kg/m3である。発泡粒子の嵩密度は50kg/m3以下であることが好ましく、30kg/m3以下であることがより好ましく、20kg/m3以下であることがさらに好ましい。この場合には、発泡粒子成形体の軽量性をより向上させることができる。また、発泡粒子の嵩密度が低くなると、発泡粒子中の基材樹脂の量が少なくなるため、発泡粒子成形体の燃焼速度が上昇しやすい。前記発泡粒子は、前記特定のヒンダードアミン系化合物を難燃剤として用いることにより、かかる状況においても発泡粒子成形体の優れた難燃性を確保することができる。
前記発泡粒子は、熱流束示差走査熱量測定により得られるDSC曲線において、ポリオレフィン系樹脂固有の吸熱ピーク(以下、「固有ピーク」という。)の頂点よりも高温側に、1つ以上の吸熱ピーク(以下、「高温ピーク」という。)が現れる結晶構造を有していることが好ましい。この場合には、発泡粒子の独立気泡率をより高めることができるとともに、発泡粒子成形体を成形する際の成形条件を広い範囲から選択することができる。また、得られる発泡粒子成形体の剛性をより高めることができる。かかる観点からは、高温ピークにおける吸熱量(以下、「高温ピーク熱量」という。)は、5J/g以上であることが好ましく、8J/g以上であることがより好ましい。また、高温ピーク熱量は、50J/g以下であることが好ましく、40J/g以下であることがより好ましい。
前記発泡粒子の平均気泡径Davは、50μm以上であることが好ましく、70μm以上であることがより好ましく、100μm以上であることがさらに好ましい。この場合には、比較的少量のカーボンブラックで発泡粒子成形体を効果的に着色することができる。一方、発泡粒子の気泡径のばらつきを抑制する観点からは、前記発泡粒子の平均気泡径Davは、500μm以下であることが好ましく、400μm以下であることがより好ましく、350μm以下であることがさらに好ましい。
複数の発泡粒子において、発泡粒子同士を比較した場合の気泡径のばらつきの程度は、気泡径の変動係数DCVによって表され、気泡径の変動係数DCVの値が小さいほど発泡粒子の気泡径のばらつきが小さいことを意味する。前記発泡粒子の気泡径の変動係数DCVは、25%以下であることが好ましく、23%以下であることがより好ましく、21%以下であることがさらに好ましい。この場合には、発泡粒子の気泡径のばらつきをより低減し、発泡粒子成形体の色調のむらをより効果的に抑制するとともに、優れた難燃性を有する発泡粒子成形体とすることができる。
前記発泡粒子の嵩倍率Xに対する発泡粒子の気泡径の変動係数DCVの比DCV/Xの値は、0.40以下であることが好ましい。気泡径の変動係数DCVの値は、嵩倍率Xが高くなるほど大きくなる傾向があるため、嵩倍率の異なる発泡粒子間の気泡径のばらつきの程度を単純に気泡径の変動係数DCVの値のみで比較することは難しい。しかし、前述した傾向に基づけば、気泡径の変動係数DCVを嵩倍率Xで除することにより、嵩倍率Xの影響を考慮した気泡径のばらつきの程度を示す指標を得ることができる。
前記発泡粒子を型内成形することにより、発泡粒子成形体を得ることができる。具体的には、発泡粒子成形体は、次のようにして製造される。まず、所望する成形体の形状に対応したキャビティを有する金型内に発泡粒子を充填し、スチームなどの加熱媒体により金型内で多数の発泡粒子を加熱する。キャビティ内の発泡粒子は、加熱によってさらに発泡すると共に、相互に融着する。これにより、多数の発泡粒子が一体化し、キャビティの形状に応じた発泡粒子成形体が得られる。
発泡粒子成形体の難燃性は、FMVSS(Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) No.302に規定された燃焼性試験を実施した場合の燃焼終了位置、燃焼継続時間及び燃焼距離に基づいて評価することができる。FMVSS No.302に規定された燃焼性試験方法は、具体的には以下の通りである。
前記発泡粒子は、例えば、基材樹脂、カーボンブラック、難燃剤及び発泡剤を含有しており、密閉容器内で水性媒体に分散した発泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を水性媒体とともに前記密閉容器から該密閉容器内よりも低い圧力下に放出して発泡させる発泡工程を有する製造方法により作製することができる。
前記製造方法は、発泡工程に先立って、基材樹脂、カーボンブラック及び難燃剤を含むポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子(以下、「樹脂粒子」という。)を作製する造粒工程を有していてもよい。造粒工程における樹脂粒子の作製方法は、特に限定されることはない。例えば、押出成形によって基材樹脂、カーボンブラック及び難燃剤を混練しつつ押し出すことによりストランドを作製し、次いで、ペレタイザー等によりストランドを所望の寸法に切断することにより、前記樹脂粒子を得ることができる。造粒工程において得られた樹脂粒子に発泡剤を含浸させることにより、発泡性樹脂粒子を得ることができる。樹脂粒子への発泡剤の含浸は、発泡工程内で行ってもよいし、発泡工程とは別の工程として行ってもよい。
発泡工程においては、まず、樹脂粒子または発泡性樹脂粒子を密閉容器内に入れ、水などの水性の分散媒中に分散させる。この際、必要に応じて、密閉容器内の分散媒に樹脂粒子を分散させるための分散剤や分散助剤、界面活性剤等を添加してもよい。
前記製造方法は、耐圧容器内において前記発泡工程により得られた一段発泡粒子に無機系物理発泡剤を含浸させることにより前記一段発泡粒子の気泡内の圧力を上昇させ、次いで、前記耐圧容器から取り出した前記一段発泡粒子を前記気泡内の圧力よりも低圧下で加熱することにより、前記一段発泡粒子の嵩密度を低下させる二段発泡工程をさらに有していてもよい。
<造粒工程>
押出機に、基材樹脂と、カーボンブラックと、難燃剤と、気泡調整剤とを供給し、押出機内でこれらの成分を混練しつつ押し出すことにより、これらの成分を含むストランドを作製した。その後、得られたストランドを、ペレタイザーを用いて切断することにより、長さ/直径比が2.0、平均質量が1.0mgの樹脂粒子を得た。
内容量5Lのオートクレーブに、樹脂粒子100質量部に対して0.3質量部の分散剤と、0.01質量部の分散助剤と、0.004質量部の界面活性剤と、300質量部の分散媒とを封入した。実施例1~実施例5及び比較例6~比較例7において使用した分散剤はカオリンであり、分散助剤は硫酸アルミニウムであり、界面活性剤はドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウムであり、分散媒は水である。
発泡工程において得られた一段発泡粒子を気温23℃、相対湿度50%、1atmの環境中で24時間放置して養生を行った後、耐圧容器内に養生後の一段発泡粒子を充填した。次いで、耐圧容器内に無機系物理発泡剤としての空気を注入し、24時間かけて耐圧容器内の圧力を常圧から0.60MPa(G)まで上昇させた。この圧力を24時間維持して無機系物理発泡剤を気泡内に含浸させた。耐圧容器から取り出した一段発泡粒子の気泡内の圧力(ゲージ圧)は、表1及び表2に示す値であった。
P=(W/M)×R×T/V ・・・(2)
本例では、前述の方法により得られた発泡粒子を型内成形し、長さ350mm、幅200mm、厚み50mmの寸法を有する平板状の発泡粒子成形体を作製した。まず、発泡粒子を温度40℃、相対湿度20%、1atmの環境中に24時間放置して乾燥させた後、耐圧容器内に発泡粒子を充填した。そして、耐圧容器内に空気を注入し、12時間かけて耐圧容器内の圧力を常圧から0.15MPa(G)まで上昇させた。この圧力を12時間維持して空気を気泡内に含浸させた。耐圧容器から取り出した発泡粒子の気泡内の圧力は、表1及び表2に示す値であった。なお、発泡粒子の気泡内の圧力の測定方法は、前述した一段発泡粒子の気泡内の圧力の測定方法と同様である。
実施例6は、難燃剤として、実施例1~実施例5において用いた化合物と、BASF社製「Flamestab NOR116」を併用した以外は、実施例1~実施例5と同様の構成を有している。また、実施例6の製造方法は、難燃剤を前述のように変更した以外は実施例1~実施例5の製造方法と同様である。
比較例1~比較例5は、難燃剤として、前述したBASF社製「Flamestab NOR116」を使用した以外は、実施例1~実施例5と同様の構成を有している。また、比較例1~比較例5の製造方法は、難燃剤を前述のように変更した以外は実施例1~実施例5の製造方法と同様である。
実施例及び比較例の一段発泡粒子及び発泡粒子の物性は、以下のようにして測定される。
高温ピーク熱量及び総熱量の測定に用いる測定試料は、一段発泡粒子であってもよいし、発泡粒子であってもよい。本例においては、一段発泡粒子を測定試料として示差走査熱量測定を行った。具体的には、約2mgの一段発泡粒子を試験片とし、JIS K7122-1987に記載されたプラスチックの転移熱測定方法に従って試験片を加熱溶融させ、この際のDSC曲線を得た。測定温度範囲は30℃から融解ピーク終了時よりも30℃高い温度までとし、加熱時の昇温速度は10℃/分とした。
500個以上の一段発泡粒子を気温23℃、相対湿度50%、1atmの環境中で24時間放置した。このようにして得られた一段発泡粒子群をメスシリンダー内に自然に堆積するようにして充填し、メスシリンダーの目盛から一段発泡粒子群の嵩体積(単位:L)を読み取った。そして、メスシリンダー内の一段発泡粒子群の質量(単位:g)を前述した嵩体積(単位:L)で除した値を単位換算することにより、一段発泡粒子の嵩密度(単位:kg/m3)を得た。また、基材樹脂の密度を一段発泡粒子の嵩密度で除することにより、一段倍率を算出した。実施例1~実施例6における一段倍率及び一段発泡粒子の嵩密度は、表1に示す通りであった。また、比較例1~比較例7における一段倍率及び一段発泡粒子の嵩密度は、表2に示す通りであった。
発泡粒子の嵩倍率X及び嵩密度の測定方法は、一段発泡粒子に替えて発泡粒子を用いる以外は前述した一段倍率及び一段発泡粒子の嵩密度の測定方法と同様である。実施例1~実施例6における発泡粒子の嵩倍率X及び嵩密度は、表1に示す通りであった。また、比較例1~比較例7における発泡粒子の嵩倍率X及び嵩密度は、表2に示す通りであった。
発泡粒子を概ね2等分となるように分割した後、走査型電子顕微鏡を用い、分割により露出した切断面が視野内に全て納まるように拡大写真を取得した。これらの拡大写真上に、発泡粒子の最表面から中央部を通って反対側の最表面まで、2本の線分を隣り合う線分同士のなす角度が等しくなるように引いた。すなわち、隣り合う線分同士のなす角度が90°となるように2本の線分を引いた。このようにして得られた2本の線分の長さの合計を、線分と交差する気泡の総数で除することにより、個々の発泡粒子の気泡径(単位:μm)を算出した。以上の操作を無作為に抽出した50個の発泡粒子に対して行い、得られた発泡粒子の気泡径を相加平均した値を発泡粒子の平均気泡径Davとした。
一段発泡粒子の平均気泡径dav、気泡径の標準偏差dsd及び変動係数dCVの測定方法は、発泡粒子に替えて一段発泡粒子を用いる以外は前述した発泡粒子の平均気泡径Dav、標準偏差Dsd及び変動係数DCVの測定方法と同様である。実施例1~実施例6における一段発泡粒子の平均気泡径dav、気泡径の標準偏差dsd及び変動係数dCVは、表1に示す通りであった。また、比較例1~比較例7における一段発泡粒子の平均気泡径dav、気泡径の標準偏差dsd及び変動係数dCVは、表2に示す通りであった。
実施例及び比較例の発泡粒子を型内成形してなる発泡粒子成形体の特性の評価方法は以下の通りである。
発泡粒子成形体の質量を、寸法に基づいて算出される体積で除した値を成形体密度(単位:kg/m3)とした。実施例1~6における発泡粒子成形体の成形体密度は、表1に示した通りであった。また、比較例1~比較例7における発泡粒子成形体の成形体密度は、表2に示す通りであった。
FMVSS(Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard) No.302に規定された燃焼性試験方法に準じた方法により難燃性の評価を行った。具体的には、まず、発泡粒子成形体を切断することにより、長さ350mm、幅102mm、厚み12.7mmの板状を呈し、長さ350mmの辺と幅102mmの辺とに囲まれた面の一方がスキン面である試験体を作製した。この試験体における、長さ方向の基端から38mm離れた位置に開始線を引くとともに、基端から138mm離れた位置に終了線を引いた。この試験体を用い、スキン面がバーナーの炎に触れるようにしてFMVSS No.302と同様の方法により燃焼性試験を行った。
A:試験体の燃焼が開始線に到達する前に終了した場合
B:試験体の燃焼が開始線を超えて継続し、かつ、開始線から燃焼終了位置までの燃焼速度が102mm/分以下であった場合
C:試験体の燃焼が開始線を超えて継続し、かつ、開始線から燃焼終了位置までの燃焼速度が102mm/分を超えた場合
発泡粒子成形体における長さ350mmの辺と幅200mmの辺とに囲まれたスキン面から無作為に30か所の測定位置を設定した。分光測色計(コニカミノルタジャパン株式会社製「CM-5」)を用いてこれらの測定位置の色調を測定し、CIE 1976 L*a*b*色空間における色座標を取得した。なお、色調の取得は反射測定で行い、測定径はφ8mmとし、測定方式はSCE方式とした。
Claims (8)
- 前記ヒンダードアミン系化合物の分子量が600~800である、請求項1に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の嵩密度が10~30kg/m3である、請求項1または2に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子を型内成形してなるポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体。
- FMVSS No.302に規定された燃焼性試験において自己消火性を示す、請求項4に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子成形体。
- ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分とする基材樹脂と、カーボンブラックと、難燃剤と、を含み、10~100kg/m3の嵩密度を有するポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法であって、
前記基材樹脂、前記カーボンブラック、前記難燃剤及び発泡剤を含有しており、密閉容器内で水性媒体中に分散した発泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を前記水性媒体とともに前記密閉容器から該密閉容器内よりも低い圧力下に放出して発泡させる発泡工程を有しており、
前記カーボンブラックの配合量が前記基材樹脂100質量部に対して0.5~10質量部であり、前記難燃剤には下記一般式(I)で表されるヒンダードアミン系化合物が含まれており、前記ヒンダードアミン系化合物の配合量が前記基材樹脂100質量部に対して0.01~1質量部である、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
(ただし、前記一般式(I)におけるR1及びR2はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表す。) - 前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法が、前記基材樹脂、前記カーボンブラック及び前記難燃剤を含むポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を作製する造粒工程を有しており、前記発泡工程において、前記密閉容器内の水性媒体中に分散させた前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子に前記発泡剤を含浸させて前記発泡性ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子とする、請求項6に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
- 前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法が、前記発泡工程により得られた一段発泡粒子を耐圧容器内に入れ、前記一段発泡粒子に無機系物理発泡剤を含浸させることにより前記一段発泡粒子の気泡内の圧力を上昇させ、次いで、前記耐圧容器から取り出した前記一段発泡粒子を前記気泡内の圧力よりも低圧下で加熱することにより、前記一段発泡粒子の嵩密度を低下させる二段発泡工程をさらに有している、請求項6または7に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
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