WO2022070840A1 - 高強度鋼板 - Google Patents
高強度鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022070840A1 WO2022070840A1 PCT/JP2021/033340 JP2021033340W WO2022070840A1 WO 2022070840 A1 WO2022070840 A1 WO 2022070840A1 JP 2021033340 W JP2021033340 W JP 2021033340W WO 2022070840 A1 WO2022070840 A1 WO 2022070840A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
- C23C2/16—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using fluids under pressure, e.g. air knives
- C23C2/18—Removing excess of molten coatings from elongated material
- C23C2/20—Strips; Plates
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0242—Flattening; Dressing; Flexing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel plate.
- the present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-165954 filed in Japan on September 30, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- steel sheets used for automobile parts are required to have not only strength but also various workability required at the time of forming parts such as press workability and weldability.
- the steel sheet is often required to have bendability. Since the formability of a steel sheet tends to decrease as the strength of the material increases, it is difficult to achieve both high strength and good formability in a steel sheet. Therefore, in order to apply a high-strength steel sheet to automobile parts, it is an important issue to realize a high tensile strength of 590 MPa or more and excellent bending workability.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that bending workability is improved by controlling a single structure such as ferrite, bainite, martensite, etc. by structure control.
- Patent Document 1 in terms of mass%, C: 0.010 to 0.055%, Si: 0.2% or less, Mn: 0.7% or less, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0. .02% or less, N: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.1% or less, Ti: 0.06 to 0.095%, and 95% or more of the area ratio is controlled to a structure composed of ferrite.
- C 0.010 to 0.055%, Si: 0.2% or less, Mn: 0.7% or less, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0. .02% or less, N: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.1% or less, Ti: 0.06 to 0.095%, and 95% or more of the area ratio is controlled to a structure composed of ferrite.
- Patent Document 2 in mass%, C: 0.05 to 0.15%, Si: 0.2 to 1.2%, Mn: 1.0 to 2.0%, P: 0.04. % Or less, S: 0.0030% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.10%, N: 0.01% or less and Ti: 0.03 to 0.13%.
- the bainite single phase or bainite is controlled to have a fraction of more than 95%, and the structure of the surface layer of the steel plate has a bainite phase fraction of less than 80% and a highly processable ferrite fraction of 10. % Or more, a method of improving bending workability while maintaining a tensile strength of 780 MPa or more is disclosed.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are sufficient to achieve both strength and bending workability.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more and excellent bending workability. ..
- the above-mentioned bending workability is an index indicating that cracks are unlikely to occur in the processed portion during bending, or an index indicating that the cracks are unlikely to grow.
- cracks including not only cracks generated from the outside of the bending portion but also minute cracks (internal bending cracks) generated inside the bending portion during bending are performed. Is targeted.
- the present inventors have diligently investigated the bending workability of high-strength steel sheets. As a result, it was clarified that the higher the strength of the steel sheet, the more likely it is that cracks will occur not only from the outside of the bend but also from the inside of the bend during bending. That is, conventionally, cracks in the bending process of a steel sheet generally occur from the surface of the steel sheet on the outside of the bend or near the end face, but minute cracks may occur on the inside of the bend as the strength of the steel sheet increases.
- a crack that causes a crack from the outside of the bend is referred to as a bending outer crack
- a crack that causes a crack from the inside of the bending is referred to as a bending inner crack.
- Conventional findings have not shown a method for simultaneously suppressing such bending outer cracks and bending inner cracks.
- internal bending cracks may occur in a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more.
- the present inventors presumed that the mechanism of the above-mentioned bending outer cracking and bending inner cracking is due to the bias of deformation, and focused on the texture and surface texture, and searched for a method of suppressing the bending outer cracking and bending inner cracking. ..
- the present inventors simultaneously control the texture, the degree of randomness of the surface texture, and the degree of concentration of the surface texture in the steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition, thereby ensuring the bendability and the tensile strength. It was found that a steel sheet having a concentration of 590 MPa or more can be manufactured.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- the high-strength steel plate according to one aspect of the present invention has C: 0.03 to 0.28%, Si: 0.05 to 2.50%, Mn: 1.00 in mass% as a chemical component. ⁇ 4.00%, sol.
- the E value indicating the degree of concentration of the surface texture is 0.04 or more, and the tensile strength is 590 MPa or more.
- the chemical components (chemical composition) of the steel sheet according to this embodiment will be described in detail below.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment contains basic elements as chemical components, and if necessary, selective elements, and the balance is composed of Fe and impurities.
- C (C: 0.03 to 0.28%) C is an important element for ensuring the strength of the steel sheet. If the C content is less than 0.03%, it is not possible to secure a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more. Therefore, the C content is 0.03% or more. The C content is preferably 0.05% or more. On the other hand, when the C content exceeds 0.28%, the weldability deteriorates. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.28% or less. The C content is preferably 0.20% or less, more preferably 0.15% or less.
- Si 0.05 to 2.50%
- Si is an important element whose material strength can be increased by solid solution strengthening. If the Si content is less than 0.05%, the yield strength decreases. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.05% or more.
- the Si content is preferably 0.10% or more, more preferably 0.30% or more. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 2.50%, the surface texture deteriorates. Therefore, the Si content is 2.50% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 2.00% or less, more preferably 1.50% or less.
- Mn is an element effective in increasing the mechanical strength of the steel sheet. If the Mn content is less than 1.00%, it is not possible to secure a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 1.00% or more. The Mn content is preferably 1.50% or more, more preferably 2.00% or more. On the other hand, when the Mn content becomes excessive, the structure becomes non-uniform due to Mn segregation, and the bending workability deteriorates. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 4.00% or less. The Mn content is preferably 3.00% or less, more preferably 2.60% or less.
- Al is an element having an action of deoxidizing steel to make a steel sheet sound. sol. If the Al content is less than 0.001%, it cannot be sufficiently deoxidized. Therefore, sol. The Al content is 0.001% or more. However, if sufficient deoxidation is required, sol. The Al content is preferably 0.010% or more. sol. The Al content is more preferably 0.020% or more. On the other hand, sol. When the Al content exceeds 2.000%, the weldability is remarkably lowered, and the oxide-based inclusions are increased, so that the surface texture is remarkably deteriorated. Therefore, sol. The Al content is 2.000% or less. sol. The Al content is preferably 1.500% or less, more preferably 1.000% or less, and further preferably 0.080% or less. sol. Al means an acid-soluble Al that is not an oxide such as Al 2 O 3 and is soluble in an acid.
- the steel sheet according to this embodiment contains impurities as a chemical component.
- the "impurity” refers to a substance mixed from ore or scrap as a raw material, or from the manufacturing environment, etc., when steel is industrially manufactured. For example, it means an element such as P, S, N, O, As, Sn. Of these impurities, P, S, N, and O are preferably limited as follows in order to fully exert the effects of the present embodiment. Since the content of impurities is preferably small, it is not necessary to limit the lower limit value, and the impurities may be 0%.
- P 0.100% or less
- P is an impurity generally contained in steel. If the P content exceeds 0.100%, the deterioration of weldability becomes remarkable. Therefore, the P content is limited to 0.100% or less.
- the P content is preferably limited to 0.050% or less.
- P is also an element having an action of increasing the tensile strength. Therefore, P may be positively contained. In this case, the P content may be 0.001% or more in order to obtain the effect of the above action more reliably.
- S is an impurity contained in steel, and the smaller the amount, the more preferable it is from the viewpoint of weldability.
- the S content exceeds 0.020%, the weldability is significantly lowered, the precipitation amount of MnS is increased, and the low temperature toughness is lowered. Therefore, the S content is limited to 0.020% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.010% or less, more preferably 0.005% or less.
- the S content may be 0%, but the S content may be 0.001% or more from the viewpoint of desulfurization cost.
- N 0.010% or less
- N is an impurity contained in steel, and the smaller the amount, the more preferable it is from the viewpoint of weldability. If the N content exceeds 0.010%, the weldability is significantly reduced. Therefore, the N content is limited to 0.010% or less.
- the N content is preferably 0.005% or less.
- O is an impurity contained in steel and is an element that forms an oxide and deteriorates formability. If the O content is more than 0.010%, the bendability is significantly deteriorated, so the O content is limited to 0.010% or less. The O content is preferably 0.007% or less.
- the balance in addition to the basic elements described above, may be Fe and impurities. However, it may contain selective elements in addition to the basic elements, Fe and impurities described above. For example, one or more of Ti, Nb, B, V, Cr, Mo, Cu, Co, W, Ni, Ca, Mg, REM, and Zr as selective elements instead of a part of Fe which is the balance described above. May be contained. These selective elements may be contained according to the purpose. Therefore, it is not necessary to limit the lower limit of these selective elements, and it may be 0%. Further, even if these selective elements are contained as impurities, the above effects are not impaired.
- Ti is an element that contributes to the improvement of the strength of the steel sheet by the effect of grain refinement by strengthening the solid solution or suppressing the growth of crystals.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Ti content is more preferably 0.01% or more, still more preferably 0.02% or more.
- the Ti content exceeds 0.10%, the above effect is saturated and the economic efficiency is lowered. Therefore, when it is contained, the Ti content is 0.10% or less.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.07% or less, more preferably 0.05% or less.
- Nb is an element that contributes to the improvement of the strength of the steel sheet by the effect of grain refinement by solid solution strengthening or crystal growth suppression.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the Nb content is more preferably 0.01% or more, still more preferably 0.02% or more.
- the Nb content exceeds 0.10%, the above effects are saturated and the economic efficiency is lowered. Therefore, when it is contained, the Nb content is 0.10% or less.
- the Nb content is preferably 0.07% or less, more preferably 0.05% or less.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment preferably contains at least one of Ti and Nb so that the total content is 0.001% or more.
- the total content of Nb and Ti is preferably 0.08% or less. That is, when the Ti content in mass% is [Ti] and the Nb content is [Nb], it is preferable that [Ti] + [Nb] ⁇ 0.08.
- B is an element effective in suppressing roughness of the punched cross section at the time of punching by segregating at the grain boundaries and improving the grain boundary strength.
- the B content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- the B content is 0.010% or less.
- the B content is preferably 0.005% or less, more preferably 0.003% or less.
- V, Cr, Mo, Cu, Co, W, and Ni are all elements that are effective in ensuring stable strength. Therefore, these elements may be contained alone or in combination.
- the V content, Cr content, Mo content, Cu content, Co content, W content and Ni content are preferably 1.00% or less, respectively. ..
- Ca, Mg, REM, and Zr are all elements that contribute to inclusion control, particularly fine dispersion of inclusions, and have an effect of enhancing toughness. Therefore, one or more of these elements may be contained.
- the content of at least one of these elements is preferably 0.0003% or more. More preferably, it is 0.001% or more.
- the content of each element is preferably 0.010% or less.
- REM refers to a total of 17 elements of Sc, Y and lanthanoids, and is at least one of them.
- the content of the above REM means the total content of at least one of these elements.
- lanthanoids they are industrially added in the form of misch metal.
- chemical components Ca: 0.0003% or more and 0.010% or less, Mg: 0.0003% or more and 0.010% or less, REM: 0.0003% or more and 0 in mass%. It is preferable to contain at least one of 010% or less and Zr: 0.0003% or more and 0.010% or less.
- the above chemical composition may be measured by a general analysis method for steel.
- ICP-AES Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrum
- C and S may be measured by using the combustion-infrared absorption method
- N may be measured by using the inert gas melting-heat conductivity method
- O may be measured by using the inert gas melting-non-dispersive infrared absorption method.
- the ease of action of the slip system against the deformation differs depending on each crystal orientation (Schmid factor).
- the deformation resistance differs depending on the crystal orientation. If the texture is relatively random, the deformation resistance is also uniform, so deformation is likely to occur uniformly. However, when a specific texture develops, the deformation resistance is high between crystals with large orientations and crystals with other orientations. Deformation bias is likely to occur. On the contrary, if the number of crystals having a large deformation resistance is reduced, the deformation tends to occur uniformly. That is, the present inventors pay attention to the texture from these points, and in particular, by controlling the texture in the surface layer region in the plate thickness direction where cracks occur, it is possible to suppress bending outer cracks and bending inner cracks. I found it.
- the orientations included in this orientation group are called ⁇ -fibers, which are the orientations that develop mainly in cold-rolled steel sheets.
- a crystal having an orientation included in the orientation group 1 has a particularly large deformation resistance during bending. Therefore, the deformation bias is likely to occur due to the difference in deformation resistance between the crystal having any orientation included in the orientation group 1 and the crystal having another orientation. Therefore, by reducing the extreme density of the orientation group 1, it is possible to suppress bending outer cracking and bending inner cracking.
- R / t which is the average value of the minimum bending radii of L-axis bending and C-axis bending divided by the plate thickness, is not 2.0 or less. Therefore, the average polar density of the azimuth group 1 is set to 1.5 or less.
- the orientations included in this orientation group are orientations developed by hot rolling under predetermined conditions.
- the crystal having the orientation included in the orientation group 2 has a relatively small deformation resistance during bending. Therefore, by developing the orientation included in the orientation group 2, the deformation bias during the bending process is less likely to occur. Therefore, by increasing the extreme density of the orientation group 2, it is possible to suppress bending outer cracking and bending inner cracking.
- R / t which is the average value of the minimum bending radii of L-axis bending and C-axis bending divided by the plate thickness, is not 2.0 or less. Therefore, the average polar density of the azimuth group 2 is set to 1.5 or more.
- ODF Crystal orientation distribution function
- the present inventors investigated the relationship between the surface condition and the deformation bias in order to further improve the bending characteristics.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the surface which has often been discussed in relation to the bendability, cannot sufficiently sort out the occurrence of deformation bias, and the resulting bending outer cracking property and bending inner cracking property.
- the present inventors have searched for surface texture parameters that can sort out the bending outer cracking property and the bending inner cracking property.
- the S value indicating the degree of randomness of the surface and the E value indicating the degree of concentration of the surface texture it is possible to sort out the bending outer cracking property and the bending inner cracking property, and these parameters are specified.
- the bending outer crack and the bending inner crack can be suppressed by keeping it within the range. Specifically, when the S value indicating the degree of randomness of the surface texture is 7.5 or less and the E value indicating the degree of concentration of the surface texture is 0.04 or more, the bending outer crack and the bending inner crack are detected. I found that it can be suppressed. Therefore, in the steel sheet according to the present embodiment, the S value indicating the degree of randomness of the surface texture is 7.5 or less, and the E value indicating the degree of concentration of the surface texture is 0.04 or more. Preferably, the S value is 6.5 or less and the E value is 0.05 or more. Further, it is not necessary to limit the lower limit of the S value, but it may be 5.0 or more. It is not necessary to limit the upper limit of the E value, but it may be 0.10 or less.
- the degree of randomness and concentration of the surface texture can be measured using a three-dimensional measuring device using a laser (for example, manufactured by Mitaka Kouki Co., Ltd .: all-around three-dimensional measuring device MLP-3). Specifically, under the condition that the laser diameter is 1 ⁇ m and the measurement pitch is 2 ⁇ m, a profile of surface unevenness is obtained with a length of 1000 ⁇ m. By correcting the inclination of the obtained surface unevenness profile over the entire length of the measurement range by the least squares method, and performing the following mathematical processing on the profile (analysis profile) that has been undulated with a cutoff value of 0.8 ⁇ m. , The S value indicating the degree of randomness of the surface texture and the E value indicating the degree of concentration of the surface texture are calculated.
- the obtained analysis profile is converted into a discrete signal having a total of 256 gradations from 0 to 255 with ⁇ 20 ⁇ m as the upper and lower limits.
- a matrix P of 256 ⁇ 256 having all components 0 is prepared.
- J_k) Store the frequency value in the component.
- a matrix Q is created in which the frequency values of all the measurement points are standardized so that the sum of all the components is 1 with respect to the stored matrix P.
- the S value and the E value are calculated by the following equations (1) and (2).
- the average value of the S value and the E value obtained by measuring parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction on both sides of the steel sheet is taken as a typical S value and E value of the material.
- Q_ ⁇ i, j ⁇ in the equations (1) and (2) represents the (i, j) component of the matrix Q.
- the steel sheet according to this embodiment has a tensile strength (TS) of 590 MPa or more as a sufficient strength that contributes to weight reduction of automobiles.
- TS tensile strength
- it is not necessary to set an upper limit of the tensile strength in particular it is difficult to make it more than 1470 MPa in the configuration of this embodiment, so that the actual tensile strength is 1470 MPa or less.
- Tensile strength can be measured by performing a tensile test in accordance with JIS Z2241 (2011).
- the value of the limit bending R / t which is an index value of the bending outer cracking property and the bending inner cracking property, is 2.0 or less.
- the R / t value is, for example, a strip-shaped test piece cut out from the width direction 1/2 position of the steel plate, and bending (L-axis bending) in which the bending ridge line is parallel to the rolling direction (L direction) and bending ridge line.
- the steel sheet according to this embodiment has no limitation on the constituent phase of the structure as long as the texture and surface texture are in the above range and the tensile strength is 590 MPa or more. It may have any phase such as ferrite ( ⁇ ), pearlite (P), bainite (B), fresh martensite (FM) and tempered martensite (t-M), retained austenite (residual ⁇ ) and the like. ..
- ferrite ⁇
- pearlite P
- FM fresh martensite
- t-M tempered martensite
- retained austenite residual ⁇
- in% area 80.0% or less ferrite, 0 to 100% bainite and one or two types of tempered martensite, 20.0% or less fresh martensite, and other retained austenite: 25.0. % Or less, pearlite: 5.0% or less can be included.
- the ferrite Since the tensile strength decreases when the fraction of ferrite is high, it is desirable that the ferrite is 70 area% or less when the tensile strength is 780 MPa or more, and the ferrite is 60 area% or less when the tensile strength is 980 MPa or more.
- the following method can be used.
- a sample is taken with the plate thickness section parallel to the rolling direction of the steel plate as the observation surface, the observation surface is polished, and nighttal etching is performed, centering on the position at a depth (1/4 thickness) of 1/4 of the plate thickness from the surface.
- FE-SEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
- the range from the surface to be 1/8 to 3/8 (1/8 to 3/8 thickness) of the plate thickness is used.
- ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and tempered martensite can be identified by performing image analysis based on differences in luminance or morphology of iron carbides present in the phase.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite can be determined by X-ray diffraction, and the volume fraction of fresh martensite is the volume fraction determined as the area fraction of the uncorroded region observed by FE-SEM and the X-ray. It can be obtained as the difference from the volume fraction of retained austenite measured by diffraction.
- the plate thickness (t f ) of the steel plate according to the present embodiment is not limited, but may be about 0.8 to 4.0 mm, assuming application to automobile parts.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment may be further provided with hot dip galvanizing on the surface.
- the hot-dip galvanizing may be an alloyed hot-dip galvanizing that has been alloyed. Since galvanizing contributes to the improvement of corrosion resistance, it is desirable to use hot-dip galvanized steel sheets or alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets that have been galvanized when applied to applications where corrosion resistance is expected. Since there is a concern that holes may be formed in the undercarriage parts of automobiles, it may not be possible to make them thinner than a certain plate thickness even if the strength is increased.
- plating such as hot dip galvanizing having high corrosion resistance to the steel sheet. Since the chemical composition of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is controlled as described above, hot-dip galvanizing is possible.
- the plating may be electrozinc plating, or may be plating containing Si, Al and / or Mg in addition to Zn.
- the method for producing a steel sheet of the present invention preferably includes the following steps (I) to (V).
- (I) Heating process for heating the cast slab (II) A hot rolling process in which a heated slab is roughly rolled and finished rolled into a hot-rolled steel sheet.
- (III) Winding process of winding hot-rolled steel sheet after finish rolling (IV) Pickling step of pickling hot-rolled steel sheet after winding step, (V) A rolling step of rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet after a pickling step in a temperature range of 50 to 100 ° C. with a reduction ratio of 1 to 20%.
- preferable conditions and the like of each step will be described. Known conditions can be adopted for steps and conditions not particularly described.
- the manufacturing process preceding the heating process is not particularly limited. That is, after melting in a blast furnace, an electric furnace, or the like, various secondary smelting may be performed, and then casting may be performed by a method such as ordinary continuous casting, casting by an ingot method, or thin slab casting.
- a method such as ordinary continuous casting, casting by an ingot method, or thin slab casting.
- the cast slab may be cooled to a low temperature once and then reheated and then hot-rolled, or the cast slab may be hot-rolled as it is after casting without being cooled to a low temperature. .. You may use scrap as a raw material.
- Heating process In the heating process, the cast slab is heated for the subsequent hot rolling process. In this heating step, the slab is heated to a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher and then held for 30 minutes or longer. If the heating temperature is less than 1100 ° C. or the holding time is less than 30 minutes, the compound contained in the steel is not sufficiently dissolved and the bendability is deteriorated.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is not limited, but when the heating temperature exceeds 1350 ° C., the amount of scale generated increases and the yield decreases. Therefore, the heating temperature is preferably 1350 ° C. or lower. Further, although the upper limit of the heating time is not limited, the heating holding time is preferably 10 hours or less, and more preferably 5 hours or less in order to suppress excessive scale loss.
- the heated slab is roughly rolled and finished rolled to obtain a hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the heated slab is first roughly rolled to become a rough-rolled plate.
- Rough rolling is carried out until the plate thickness is in the range of more than 35 mm and 45 mm or less. If the plate thickness at the end of rough rolling (plate thickness at the start of finish rolling) is 35 mm or less or more than 45 mm, control of the texture by finish rolling cannot be sufficiently achieved, and finally, the orientation group 1 It is not possible to obtain a texture having an average pole density of 1.5 or less and an average pole density of orientation group 2 of 1.5 or more.
- finish rolling is performed on the rough-rolled steel sheet (rough-rolled sheet).
- the starting temperature is 1100 ° C. or higher
- the rolling reduction F 1 one step before the final step is more than 11% and 23% or less
- the rolling reduction F 2 in the final step is more than 11% and 22% or less.
- the rolling temperature FT of the final stage is set to 930 ° C. or higher.
- the start temperature of finish rolling is set to 1100 ° C. or higher.
- the reduction ratio of the final two steps in the multi-step finish rolling is 11% or less, austenite recrystallization is suppressed and the texture of the hot-rolled steel sheet in a specific direction develops.
- the rolling reduction of the final two steps in multi-step finish rolling is set to more than 11%.
- the reduction factor F 1 one stage before the final stage is more than 23%, the lattice defects in the crystal become excessive and the recrystallization behavior changes, so that the texture of the surface layer region cannot be controlled within the above range. ..
- the reduction rate F 2 in the final stage is more than 22%, the lattice defects in the crystal become excessive and the recrystallization behavior changes, so that the texture of the surface layer region cannot be controlled within the above range.
- the rolling temperature FT of the final stage is less than 930 ° C.
- austenite recrystallization is suppressed and an texture of a specific orientation develops in the hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the rolling temperature FT of the final stage in the multi-stage finish rolling is set to 930 ° C. or higher.
- Winding process In the winding process, the hot-rolled steel sheet after finish rolling is wound at a winding temperature of 650 ° C. or lower. When the winding temperature exceeds 650 ° C., an internal oxide layer is formed after the coil is wound, and the pickling property is deteriorated.
- the lower limit of the take-up temperature is not limited, but if the take-up temperature is low, the strength of the hot-rolled steel sheet increases and the rollability in the subsequent process deteriorates. Therefore, the winding temperature may be 250 ° C. or higher.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet after the winding process is rewound as necessary and then pickled for the purpose of removing scale.
- the pickling treatment may be carried out, for example, with hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 3 to 10% and a temperature of 85 ° C. to 98 ° C. with an inhibitor added for 20 to 100 seconds.
- Rolling process With respect to the hot-rolled steel sheet after the pickling process, at a temperature of 50 ° C to 100 ° C, with one rolling roll, only one pass, under the condition that the rolling reduction is 1.0% or more and 20.0% or less. Rolling is performed within 300 seconds after the pickling process is completed.
- the texture by rolling develops, and it is possible to obtain a texture in which the average polar density of the orientation group 1 is 1.5 or less and the average pole density of the orientation group 2 is 1.5 or more. Can not.
- the rolling temperature is less than 50 ° C., it is not possible to obtain a surface texture having an S value indicating the randomness of the surface texture of 7.5 or less and an E value indicating the concentration of the surface texture of 0.04 or more.
- the rolling temperature exceeds 100 ° C., the texture by rolling develops, and it is not possible to obtain a texture in which the average polar density of the orientation group 1 is 1.5 or less and the average pole density of the orientation group 2 is 1.5 or more. ..
- the reduction rate is less than 1.0%, the surface texture cannot be sufficiently controlled, the S value indicating the randomness of the surface texture is 7.5 or less, and the E value indicating the concentration of the surface texture is 0.
- temper rolling has been performed on hot-rolled steel sheets and cold-rolled steel sheets.
- the main purpose is to prevent the yield point elongation of the stress / strain curve from occurring, that is, to prevent the occurrence of "wrinkles” called stretcher strains when machining steel sheets.
- This is the purpose, and it is carried out at a small rolling ratio at room temperature, which is a low temperature of less than 50 ° C., and as a result, the same texture and surface texture as the steel sheet according to the present embodiment cannot be obtained.
- Heat treatment process The hot-rolled steel sheet after the rolling process is heated to a temperature range of 750 ° C to 900 ° C, held for 10 seconds to 1000 seconds in that temperature range, and then 1.0 in the range of 750 ° C to 600 ° C.
- Heat treatment may be performed to cool at an average cooling rate of ° C./sec or higher. According to this heat treatment, a part or all of the ferrite can be transformed into austenite during heating or holding, and then a part or all of austenite can be formed into a low temperature transformation structure such as bainite or martensite. High strength is obtained when the microstructure contains a low temperature metamorphic structure. If the heat treatment temperature is less than 750 ° C.
- the rate of transformation from ferrite to austenite is not sufficient, and it is difficult to obtain a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more.
- the heat treatment temperature exceeds 900 ° C.
- the crystal grains become coarse and the toughness decreases.
- the holding time exceeds 1000 seconds, the progress of transformation is saturated. Therefore, heating for more than 1000 seconds is unnecessary for the purpose of controlling the phase fraction of austenite, and 1000 seconds is the practical upper limit in terms of production efficiency.
- Ferrite transformation is likely to occur at a temperature of 750 ° C to 600 ° C, and if it is held for a long time in this temperature range, it becomes difficult to secure a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more. Therefore, the range of 750 to 600 ° C. is cooled at an average cooling rate of 1.0 ° C./sec or more.
- the heat treatment causes the BCC-FCC transformation, and the subsequent cooling causes the FCC-BCC transformation.
- the tendency of the texture that had before the heat treatment is that after the heat treatment. Is also maintained.
- the texture after the heat treatment that is, the average polar density of the orientation group 1 is 1.5 or less, and the average of the orientation group 2 is 1.5 or less.
- An aggregate structure having an extreme density of 1.5 or more can be obtained.
- the specified surface condition after the heat treatment that is, the degree of randomness. It is possible to obtain a surface texture having an S value of 7.5 or less and an E value indicating the degree of concentration of the surface texture of 0.04 or more.
- the holding temperature may be maintained at a constant temperature, or the holding temperature may be changed by raising or cooling the temperature. It may be held in the temperature lowering process of the above heat treatment, or it may be held by cooling it to room temperature and then reheating it in another step.
- the purpose of temperature control is, for example, to promote bainite transformation to stabilize retained austenite, or to temper martensite to improve local deformability. When plating, the method described below is desirable.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet or an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet for the purpose of improving corrosion resistance
- the zinc plating is preferably hot dip galvanizing.
- the conditions for hot-dip galvanizing are not particularly limited, and known conditions may be used. Further, by alloying a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (hot-dip galvanized steel sheet) after hot-dip galvanizing, an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet can be manufactured.
- alloying may be carried out according to the application.
- the hot-dip galvanizing treatment and the alloying hot-dip galvanizing treatment may be performed after cooling to room temperature once after the heat treatment, or may be performed without cooling.
- the steel sheet according to this embodiment can be manufactured even if Al plating, plating containing Mg, and electroplating are performed.
- the steel sheet of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to an example.
- the following examples are examples of the steel sheet of the present invention, and the steel sheet of the present invention is not limited to the aspects of the following examples.
- the steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 is cast, and after casting, it is heated as it is or once cooled to room temperature and then reheated, and heated at the slab heating temperature shown in Table 2-1 for 1 hour or more, and then Table 2-1.
- Rough rolling was performed to the thickness of the rough-rolled plate shown in.
- the finish rolling is started at the finish rolling start temperature shown in Table 2-1 .
- Finish rolling was carried out so that the rolling temperature FT (° C.) was the condition shown in Table 2-1. Subsequently, the temperature was cooled from the rolling temperature of the final stage to the winding temperature at an average cooling rate of 20 ° C./sec to 80 ° C./sec to the winding temperature shown in Table 2-1 and wound up.
- pickling for the purpose of removing scale, pickling was carried out for 20 seconds to 100 seconds with hydrochloric acid having a concentration (% by mass) shown in Table 2-2 to which an inhibitor was added and having a temperature of 85 ° C. to 98 ° C.
- rolling was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 2-2, the temperature, the number of rolling mills, the number of passes, the rolling ratio, and the elapsed time from the completion of pickling.
- the structure is maintained at the heating temperature and heating time shown in Table 2-2, and then the structure is tempered martensite (t-M), bainite containing residual ⁇ (TRIP), and ferrite.
- the microstructure fraction was determined by the method described above. That is, a sample is taken with the plate thickness cross section parallel to the rolling direction of the steel plate as the observation surface, the observation surface is polished, nighttal etching is performed, and the depth (1/4 thickness) of the plate thickness is 1/4 from the surface.
- a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) is used in the range of 1/8 to 3/8 (1/8 to 3/8 thickness) of the plate thickness from the surface centered on. Using, 10 fields (470 ⁇ m 2 / field) were observed at a magnification of 5000 times, and the area ratios of each tissue obtained in each field were averaged to obtain each volume ratio.
- the volume fraction of fresh martensite was determined as the difference between the volume fraction determined as the area fraction of the uncorroded region observed by FE-SEM and the volume fraction of retained austenite measured by X-ray diffraction. Table 2-3 shows the volume fraction of each phase.
- the tensile strength is JIS Z 2241 (2011) using the JIS No. 5 test piece collected so that the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) is the longitudinal direction from the position of 1/4 of the width direction of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
- C direction direction perpendicular to the rolling direction
- a tensile test was conducted and obtained in accordance with the provisions of. The results are shown in Table 2-3.
- the limit bending was determined by the following method. First, a bending test piece is cut out from a strip-shaped test piece of 100 mm ⁇ 30 mm from the width direction 1/2 position of the hot-rolled steel plate, and the bending ridge line is parallel to the rolling direction (L direction). The bending workability was investigated in accordance with Z2248 (V block 90 ° bending test) for both bending (C-axis bending) in which the bending ridge line is parallel to the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction).
- the presence or absence of cracks is determined by mirror-polishing the cross section of the test piece after the V block 90 ° bending test cut on a surface parallel to the bending direction and perpendicular to the plate surface, and then observing the cracks with an optical microscope to see the outside of the bending or the presence or absence of cracks. When the crack length observed on either one of the insides of the bend exceeds 30 ⁇ m, it is judged that there is a crack. The results are shown in Table 2-3.
- the comparative example one or more of the chemical composition, texture, and surface texture were not preferable, the bending characteristics were inferior, or the tensile strength was low.
- a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more, capable of suppressing the occurrence of bending outer cracks and bending inner cracks, and having excellent bending workability.
- Such a steel plate contributes to the weight reduction of the automobile body and the assurance of collision safety.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2020年09月30日に、日本に出願された特願2020-165954号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そのため、自動車用部品における高強度鋼板の適用には、引張強度590MPa以上の高強度とともに、優れた曲げ加工性を実現することが重要な課題となっている。
上記した曲げ加工性とは、曲げ加工した際に、加工部にて亀裂が生じにくいことを示す指標、またはその亀裂が成長しにくいことを示す指標である。ただし、本発明では、従来とは異なり、曲げ加工した際に、曲げ加工部の外側から発生する割れだけでなく、曲げ加工部の内側に発生する微小な亀裂(曲げ内割れ)を含めた割れを対象とする。
また、本発明者らの研究により、曲げ内割れは、引張強度が590MPa以上の鋼板で発生することがあることがわかった。
(1)本発明の一態様に係る高強度鋼板は、化学成分として、質量%で、C:0.03~0.28%、Si:0.05~2.50%、Mn:1.00~4.00%、sol.Al:0.001~2.000%、P:0.100%以下、S:0.020%以下、N:0.010%以下、O:0.010%以下、Ti:0~0.10%、Nb:0~0.10%、B:0~0.010%、V:0~1.00%、Cr:0~1.00%、Mo:0~1.00%、Cu:0~1.00%、Co:0~1.00%、W:0~1.00%、Ni:0~1.00%、Ca:0~0.010%、Mg:0~0.010%、REM:0~0.010%、Zr:0~0.010%、及び残部:Fe及び不純物、を含み、表面から板厚方向に板厚の1/10の範囲において、オイラー角で、φ1=0~90°、Φ=50~60°、φ2=45°で表現される方位群である方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、かつ、前記オイラー角で、φ1=45~85°、Φ=85~90°、φ2=45°で表現される方位群である方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上であり、表面性状のランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下であり、前記表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上であり、引張強度が590MPa以上である。
(2)上記(1)に記載の鋼板では、前記表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層を備えてもよい。
(3)上記(2)に記載の鋼板では、前記溶融亜鉛めっき層が合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層であってもよい。
以下、本実施形態に係る鋼板の化学成分(化学組成)について詳細に説明する。本実施形態に係る鋼板は、化学成分として、基本元素を含み、必要に応じて選択元素を含み、残部がFe及び不純物からなる。
Cは鋼板強度を確保する上で重要な元素である。C含有量が0.03%未満では、590MPa以上の引張強度を確保することができない。したがって、C含有量は0.03%以上とする。C含有量は、好ましくは0.05%以上である。
一方、C含有量が、0.28%超になると、溶接性が悪くなる。そのため、C含有量を0.28%以下とする。C含有量は、好ましくは0.20%以下、より好ましくは0.15%以下である。
Siは、固溶強化により材料強度を高めることができる重要な元素である。Si含有量が0.05%未満では、降伏強度が低下する。そのため、Si含有量は0.05%以上とする。Si含有量は、好ましくは0.10%以上、より好ましくは0.30%以上である。
一方、Si含有量が2.50%超では、表面性状が劣化する。そのため、Si含有量は2.50%以下とする。Si含有量は、好ましくは2.00%以下、より好ましくは1.50%以下である。
Mnは、鋼板の機械的強度を高める上で有効な元素である。Mn含有量が1.00%未満では、590MPa以上の引張強度を確保することができない。したがって、Mn含有量は、1.00%以上とする。Mn含有量は、好ましくは1.50%以上であり、より好ましくは2.00%以上である。
一方、Mn含有量が過剰になると、Mn偏析によって組織が不均一になり、曲げ加工性が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量は4.00%以下とする。Mn含有量は、好ましくは3.00%以下、より好ましくは2.60%以下である。
Alは、鋼を脱酸して鋼板を健全化する作用を有する元素である。sol.Al含有量が、0.001%未満では、十分に脱酸できない。そのため、sol.Al含有量は、0.001%以上とする。但し、脱酸が十分に必要な場合、sol.Al含有量は、0.010%以上が好ましい。sol.Al含有量は、より好ましくは0.020%以上である。
一方、sol.Al含有量が2.000%超では、溶接性の低下が著しくなるとともに、酸化物系介在物が増加して表面性状の劣化が著しくなる。したがって、sol.Al含有量は2.000%以下とする。sol.Al含有量は、好ましくは1.500%以下であり、より好ましくは1.000%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.080%以下である。sol.Alとは、Al2O3等の酸化物になっておらず、酸に可溶な酸可溶Alを意味する。
Pは、一般に鋼に含有される不純物である。P含有量が0.100%超では溶接性の劣化が著しくなる。したがって、P含有量は0.100%以下に制限する。P含有量は好ましくは0.050%以下に制限する。
一方、Pは、引張強度を高める作用を有する元素でもある。そのため、Pを積極的に含有させてもよい。この場合、上記作用による効果をより確実に得るため、P含有量を0.001%以上にしてもよい。
Sは、鋼に含有される不純物であり、溶接性の観点からは少ないほど好ましい。S含有量が0.020%超では溶接性の低下が著しくなると共に、MnSの析出量が増加し、低温靭性が低下する。したがって、S含有量は0.020%以下に制限する。S含有量は好ましくは0.010%以下、より好ましくは0.005%以下である。S含有量は0%でもよいが、脱硫コストの観点から、S含有量は、0.001%以上としてもよい。
Nは、鋼に含有される不純物であり、溶接性の観点からは少ないほど好ましい。N含有量が0.010%超では溶接性の低下が著しくなる。したがって、N含有量は0.010%以下に制限する。N含有量は、好ましくは0.005%以下である。
Oは、鋼に含有される不純物であり、酸化物を形成し成形性を劣化させる元素である。O含有量が0.010%超では、曲げ性の劣化が著しくなるので、O含有量は0.010%以下に制限する。O含有量は、好ましくは0.007%以下である。
Tiは、固溶強化または結晶の成長抑制による結晶粒微細化効果により、鋼板の強度の向上に寄与する元素である。上記の効果を得る場合、Ti含有量は、0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Ti含有量は、より好ましくは0.01%以上、さらに好ましくは0.02%以上である。
一方、Ti含有量が0.10%を超えると上記の効果は飽和して経済性が低下する。したがって、含有させる場合、Ti含有量は、0.10%以下とする。Ti含有量は、好ましくは0.07%以下、より好ましくは0.05%以下である。
Nbは、Tiと同様に、固溶強化または結晶の成長抑制による結晶粒微細化効果により、鋼板の強度の向上に寄与する元素である。上記の効果を得る場合、Nb含有量は、0.001%以上であることが好ましい。Nb含有量は、より好ましくは0.01%以上、さらに好ましくは0.02%以上である。
一方、Nb含有量が0.10%を超えると、上記の効果は飽和して経済性が低下する。したがって、含有させる場合、Nb含有量は0.10%以下とする。Nb含有量は、好ましくは0.07%以下、より好ましくは0.05%以下である。
一方、TiおよびNbを含有すると、熱間圧延中のオーステナイトの再結晶が阻害され、集合組織が発達しやすくなり、曲げ性が劣化することが懸念される。そのため、NbとTiとの合計含有量は0.08%以下であることが好ましい。すなわち、質量%でのTi含有量を[Ti]、Nb含有量を[Nb]とするとき、[Ti]+[Nb]≦0.08とすることが好ましい。
Bは粒界に偏析して、粒界強度を向上させることで、打ち抜き時の打ち抜き断面の荒れの抑制に有効な元素である。上記の効果を得る場合、B含有量は、0.001%以上であることが好ましい。
一方、B含有量が0.010%を超えても、上記効果は飽和して、経済的に不利になる。そのため、含有させる場合、B含有量は0.010%以下とする。B含有量は、好ましくは0.005%以下であり、より好ましくは0.003%以下である。
(Cr:0~1.00%)
(Mo:0~1.00%)
(Cu:0~1.00%)
(Co:0~1.00%)
(W:0~1.00%)
(Ni:0~1.00%)
V,Cr,Mo,Cu,Co,W,Niは、いずれも強度を安定して確保するために効果のある元素である。したがって、これらの元素を単独でまたは組み合わせて含有させてもよい。上記作用による効果を得る場合、V:0.005%以上、Cr:0.005%以上、Mo:0.005%以上、Cu:0.005%以上、Co:0.005%以上、W:0.005%以上およびNi:0.005%以上のうち、少なくとも1種を含有していることが好ましい。
一方、いずれの元素についても、それぞれ1.00%を超えて含有させても、上記作用による効果は飽和し易く、経済的に不利となる場合がある。したがって、これらの元素を含有させる場合、V含有量、Cr含有量、Mo含有量、Cu含有量、Co含有量、W含有量およびNi含有量は、それぞれ1.00%以下とすることが好ましい。
(Mg:0~0.010%)
(REM:0~0.010%)
(Zr:0~0.010%)
Ca,Mg,REM,Zrは、いずれも介在物制御、特に介在物の微細分散化に寄与し、靭性を高める作用を有する元素である。したがって、これらの元素の1種または2種以上を含有させてもよい。上記作用による効果を得る場合、これらの元素の少なくとも1つの含有量を0.0003%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.001%以上である。
一方、いずれの元素についてもそれぞれ0.010%を超えて含有させると、表面性状の劣化が顕在化する場合がある。したがって、含有させる場合、各元素の含有量はそれぞれ0.010%以下とすることが好ましい。
ここで、REMは、Sc、Yおよびランタノイドの合計17元素を指し、その少なくとも1種である。上記REMの含有量はこれらの元素の少なくとも1種の合計含有量を意味する。ランタノイドの場合、工業的にはミッシュメタルの形で添加される。
本実施形態に係る鋼板では、化学成分として、質量%で、Ca:0.0003%以上0.010%以下、Mg:0.0003%以上0.010%以下、REM:0.0003%以上0.010%以下、Zr:0.0003%以上0.010%以下、のうちの少なくとも1種を含有することが好ましい。
次に、本実施形態に係る鋼板の集合組織について説明する。
本実施形態に係る鋼板は、表面から板厚方向に板厚の1/10までの範囲である表層領域にて、方位群1(オイラー角で、φ1=0~90°、Φ=50~60°、φ2=45°)の平均極密度が1.5以下、かつ方位群2(オイラー角で、φ1=45~85°、Φ=85~90°、φ2=45°)の平均極密度が1.5以上となる集合組織を有する。
集合組織が比較的ランダムであれば変形抵抗も均一であるため、変形が均一に生じやすいが、特定の集合組織が発達すると変形抵抗が大きい方位を持つ結晶とそれ以外の方位の結晶の間に変形の偏りが生じやすくなる。逆に、変形抵抗の大きい方位の結晶を減らすと、変形は均一に生じやすくなる。すなわち、本発明者らは、これらのことから集合組織に着目し、特に、亀裂の発生する板厚方向の表層領域における集合組織を制御することで、曲げ外割れ及び曲げ内割れを抑制できることを見出した。
鋼板を曲げ変形する際、板厚中心を境に、表面に向かってひずみが大きくなり、最表面でひずみは最大となる。したがって、曲げ外割れ、曲げ内割れの亀裂は鋼板表面に生成する。このような、亀裂の生成に寄与するのは、表面から板厚の1/10位置までの範囲の組織である。そのため、本実施形態では、上記の範囲を表層領域とし、この表層領域の集合組織を以下のように制御する。
この方位群に含まれる方位はγファイバーと呼ばれ、主に冷間で圧延された鋼板で発達する方位である。方位群1に含まれる方位を持つ結晶は、曲げ加工時に変形抵抗が特に大きい。そのため、方位群1に含まれるいずれかの方位を持つ結晶とその他の方位を持つ結晶との変形抵抗の差異に起因して、変形の偏りが生じやすい。したがって、方位群1の極密度を小さくすることで、曲げ外割れ及び曲げ内割れを抑制することができる。方位群1(オイラー角で、φ1=0~90°、Φ=50~60°、φ2=45°で表現される方位群)の平均極密度が1.5超であると、曲げ外割れまたは曲げ内割れの発生の要因となる。この場合、L軸曲げおよびC軸曲げの最小曲げ半径の平均値を板厚で割った値であるR/tが2.0以下とならない。そのため、方位群1の平均極密度を1.5以下とする。
この方位群に含まれる方位は所定の条件の熱間圧延を行うことで発達する方位である。方位群2に含まれる方位を持つ結晶は、曲げ加工時に変形抵抗が比較的小さい。そのため、方位群2に含まれる方位を発達させることで、曲げ加工中の変形の偏りは生じにくくなる。したがって、方位群2の極密度を大きくすることで、曲げ外割れと曲げ内割れを抑制することができる。方位群2(オイラー角で、φ1=45~85°、Φ=85~90°、φ2=45°で表現される方位群)の平均極密度が1.5未満であると、曲げ外割れまたは曲げ内割れの発生の要因となる。この場合、L軸曲げおよびC軸曲げの最小曲げ半径の平均値を板厚で割った値であるR/tが2.0以下とならない。そのため、方位群2の平均極密度を1.5以上とする。
具体的には、EBSP法による解析に供する試料を、圧延方向と平行でかつ板面に垂直な切断面が測定面となるように採取し、この試料の測定面を機械研磨し、その後に化学研磨や電解研磨などによって歪みを除去する。この試料を用いて、鋼板の表面から板厚の1/10までの範囲について、測定間隔を4μmとし、測定面積が150000μm2以上となるようにEBSP法による解析を行う。得られた結晶方位情報をBUNGE表示し、φ2=45°断面の結晶方位分布関数(ODF)で、方位群1、方位群2の平均極密度を算出する。
<表面性状のランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下、表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上>
そこで本発明者らは、曲げ外割れ性及び曲げ内割れ性を整理できる表面性状のパラメータを探索した。その結果、表面のランダム度を示すS値と表面性状の集中度を示すE値との2つのパラメータを用いることで、曲げ外割れ性、曲げ内割れ性を整理でき、それらのパラメータを規定の範囲内とすることで曲げ外割れと曲げ内割れとを抑制できることを新たに見出した。
具体的には、表面性状のランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下であり、表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上である場合に、曲げ外割れと曲げ内割れとを抑制できることを見出した。
そのため、本実施形態に係る鋼板では、表面性状のランダム度を示すS値を7.5以下、表面性状の集中度を示すE値を0.04以上とする。好ましくは、S値は6.5以下、E値は0.05以上である。
また、S値の下限を限定する必要はないが、5.0以上としてもよい。E値の上限を限定する必要はないが、0.10以下としてもよい。
具体的には、レーザー径を1μm、測定ピッチを2μmとした条件にて、1000μmの長さで表面凹凸のプロファイルを得る。得られた表面凹凸のプロファイルを測定範囲の全長で最小二乗法により傾きを補正し、カットオフ値0.8μmでうねり補正したプロファイル(解析用プロファイル)に対して以下の数学的処理を行うことにより、表面性状のランダム度を示すS値、表面性状の集中度を示すE値を算出する。
本実施形態では、鋼板両面において圧延方向に平行および垂直に測定して得られたS値およびE値のそれぞれの平均値を、その材料の代表的なS値およびE値とする。
S=-Σ_{i=0,…,255, j=0,…255}Q_{i,j}log Q_{i,j} (1)
E=√Σ_{i=0,…,255, j=0,…255}Q_{i,j} (2)
ここで、(1)、(2)式中のQ_{i,j}は、行列Qの(i,j)成分を表す。
<引張強度:590MPa以上>
本実施形態に係る鋼板は、自動車の軽量化に寄与する十分な強度として、590MPa以上の引張強度(TS)を有する。一方、引張強度の上限は特に定める必要はないが、本実施形態の構成で1470MPa超とすることは困難であるため、実質的な引張強度は1470MPa以下である。
引張強度は、JIS Z2241(2011)に準拠して引張試験を行って測定できる。
本実施形態に係る鋼板では、曲げ外割れ性および曲げ内割れ性の指標値とする限界曲げR/tの値が2.0以下であることが好ましい。
R/tの値は、例えば鋼板の幅方向1/2位置から、短冊形状の試験片を切り出し、曲げ稜線が圧延方向(L方向)に平行である曲げ(L軸曲げ)と、曲げ稜線が圧延方向に直角な方向(C方向)に平行である曲げ(C軸曲げ)の両者について、JIS Z2248(2014)(Vブロック90°曲げ試験)に準拠して曲げ加工を行い、L軸曲げ、C軸曲げのそれぞれに対して曲げ外側および曲げ内側に長さ30μm以上の亀裂の発生しない最小曲げ半径を求める。L軸とC軸との最小曲げ半径の平均値(R)を板厚(t)で除した値を限界曲げR/tとして曲げ性の指標値とする。
本実施形態に係る鋼板は、集合組織及び表面性状が上記の範囲であって、引張強度が590MPa以上であれば、組織の構成相については限定されない。
フェライト(α)、パーライト(P)、ベイナイト(B)、フレッシュマルテンサイト(FM)および焼き戻しマルテンサイト(t-M)、残留オーステナイト(残留γ)などのいずれの相を有していても良い。例えば、面積%で、80.0%以下のフェライトや、0~100%のベイナイト及び焼戻しマルテンサイトの1種または2種、20.0%以下のフレッシュマルテンサイト、その他に残留オーステナイト:25.0%以下、パーライト:5.0%以下を含むことができる。フェライトの分率が高いと引張強度は低下するため、引張強度が780MPa以上であればフェライトは70面積%以下、980MPa以上であればフェライトは60面積%以下であることが望ましい。
鋼板の圧延方向に平行な板厚断面を観察面として試料を採取し、観察面を研磨し、ナイタールエッチングし、表面から板厚の1/4の深さ(1/4厚)位置を中心とする表面から板厚の1/8~3/8(1/8厚~3/8厚)の範囲を、電界放射型走査型電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM:Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)を用いて、5000倍の倍率で10視野観察して、各視野で得られた各組織の面積率を平均し、それぞれの体積率とする。観察に際しては、輝度差または相内に存在する鉄炭化物の形態の違いに基づく画像解析を行うことによって、フェライト、パーライト、ベイナイト、および焼戻しマルテンサイトを同定することができる。
また、残留オーステナイトの体積率は、X線回折によって求めることができ、フレッシュマルテンサイトの体積率は、FE-SEMで観察される腐食されていない領域の面積率として求めた体積率と、X線回折で測定した残留オーステナイトの体積率との差分として求めることができる。
亜鉛めっきは耐食性向上に寄与することから、耐食性が期待される用途への適用の場合には亜鉛めっきを実施した溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板、または合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板とすることが望ましい。
自動車の足回り部品は、腐食による穴あきの懸念があることから、高強度化してもある一定板厚以下に薄手化できない場合がある。鋼板の高強度化の目的の一つは、薄手化による軽量化であることから、高強度鋼板を開発しても、耐食性が低いと適用部位が限られる。これら課題を解決する手法として、耐食性の高い溶融亜鉛めっき等のめっきを鋼板に施すことが考えられる。本実施形態に係る鋼板は、化学成分を上述のように制御しているので、溶融亜鉛めっきが可能である。
めっきは電気亜鉛めっきであってもよく、Znに加えてSi、Al及び/またはMgを含むめっきであってもよい。
次に、本実施形態に係る鋼板の好ましい製造方法について説明する。
以下で例示する本発明の鋼板の製造方法は、以下の(I)~(V)の工程を含むことが好ましい。
(I)鋳造したスラブを加熱する加熱工程、
(II)加熱されたスラブに対し、粗圧延及び仕上圧延を行って熱延鋼板とする熱間圧延工程、
(III)仕上圧延後の熱延鋼板を巻き取る、巻取工程、
(IV)巻取工程後の熱延鋼板を酸洗する酸洗工程、
(V)酸洗工程後の熱延鋼板に50~100℃の温度域で圧下率が1~20%の圧延を行う圧延工程。
以下、各工程の好ましい条件等について説明する。特に記載がない工程及び条件については、公知の条件を採用することができる。
加熱工程では、引き続いて行う熱間圧延工程のため、鋳造したスラブを加熱する。
この加熱工程では、スラブを1100℃以上の温度に加熱後、30分以上保持する。加熱温度が1100℃未満、または保持時間が30分未満では、鋼中に含まれる化合物が十分に溶解せず、曲げ性が劣化する。
一方、加熱温度の上限は限定されないが、加熱温度が1350℃超では、スケール生成量が増大し、歩留りが低下する。そのため、加熱温度は1350℃以下とすることが好ましい。また、加熱時間の上限は限定されないが、過度のスケールロスを抑制するために加熱保持時間を10時間以下とすることが好ましく、5時間以下とすることがより好ましい。
熱間圧延工程では、加熱されたスラブを粗圧延、仕上圧延して、熱延鋼板とする。
加熱されたスラブは、まず粗圧延され、粗圧延板となる。
粗圧延は、板厚が35mm超45mm以下の範囲となるまで実施する。粗圧延の終了時の板厚(仕上げ圧延の開始時の板厚)が35mm以下、または45mm超であると、仕上げ圧延による集合組織の制御が十分に達成できず、最終的に、方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上である集合組織を得ることができない。
仕上げ圧延は、開始温度が1100℃以上、多段仕上げ圧延における、最終段より1段前の圧下率F1が11%超23%以下、最終段の圧下率F2が11%超22%以下、さらに最終段の圧延温度FTが930℃以上となるように実施する。
仕上圧延の開始温度が1100℃未満では熱間圧延中のオーステナイト再結晶が抑制され、熱延鋼板において特定の方位の集合組織が発達する。この場合、最終的に方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上である集合組織を得ることが難しい。また、仕上圧延の開始温度が1100℃未満であると、仕上げ入側でのデスケーリング性が低下し、熱延鋼板の表面性状の制御が十分でなく、最終的な表面性状(ランダム度、集中度)の制御が困難になる。そのため、仕上圧延の開始温度を1100℃以上とする。
多段仕上げ圧延における最終2段の圧下率がいずれも11%以下では、オーステナイト再結晶が抑制され、熱延鋼板の特定の方位の集合組織が発達する。この場合、最終的に方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上である集合組織を得ることが困難となる。そのため、多段仕上げ圧延における最終2段の圧下率をいずれも11%超とする。一方、最終段より1段前の圧下率F1が23%超であると、結晶中の格子欠陥が過剰となって再結晶挙動が変化するため、表層領域の集合組織を上記範囲に制御できない。また、最終段の圧下率F2が22%超であると、結晶中の格子欠陥が過剰となって再結晶挙動が変化するため、表層領域の集合組織を上記範囲に制御できない。
また、最終段の圧延温度FTが930℃未満では、オーステナイト再結晶が抑制され、熱延鋼板において特定の方位の集合組織が発達する。この場合、最終的に方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上である集合組織を得ることが困難となる。そのため、多段仕上げ圧延における最終段の圧延温度FTを930℃以上とする。
巻取工程では、仕上圧延後の熱延鋼板を、650℃以下の巻き取り温度で巻き取る。巻き取り温度が650℃超では、コイル巻き取り後に内部酸化層が形成し、酸洗性が劣化する。
巻き取り温度の下限は限定されないが、巻き取り温度が低いと熱延鋼板の強度が上昇し、後工程の圧延性が劣化する。そのため、巻き取り温度を250℃以上としてもよい。
巻取工程後の熱延鋼板は、必要に応じて巻き戻した後、スケールの除去を目的として酸洗を施す。酸洗処理は、例えば、インヒビターを加えた3~10%濃度の85℃~98℃の温度の塩酸で、20秒~100秒間行えばよい。
酸洗工程後の熱延鋼板に対し、50℃~100℃の温度にて、1機の圧延ロールで、1パスのみ、圧下率が1.0%以上20.0%以下となる条件で、酸洗工程完了後300秒以内に圧延を行う。圧延を1パス超行うと、圧延による集合組織が発達し、方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下かつ、方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上である集合組織を得ることができない。
また、規定の表面性状を得るには圧延に対する変形抵抗が小さい状態で圧延する必要があり、そのため50℃以上で圧延する必要がある。圧延温度が50℃未満では表面性状のランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下、表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上を満たす表面性状を得ることができない。一方、圧延温度が100℃超では圧延による集合組織が発達し、方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、方位群2が平均極密度1.5以上である集合組織を得ることができない。
また、圧下率が1.0%未満では表面性状を十分に制御することができず、表面性状のランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下、表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上を満たす表面性状を得ることができない。一方、圧下率が20.0%超の圧延を行うと、圧延による集合組織が発達し、方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上である集合組織を得ることができない。
また、規定の表面性状を得るには、酸洗後に再度表面酸化物が形成される前に圧延を行う必要がある。そのため、酸洗後、300秒以内に圧延を行う。酸洗から圧延までの時間が300秒超では表面性状を十分に制御することができず、表面性状のランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下、表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上を満たす表面性状を得ることができない。
従来、熱延鋼板や冷延鋼板に、調質圧延を行うことはあった。しかしながら、いわゆる通常の調質圧延は、応力・歪曲線の降伏点伸びが出ないようにすること、すなわち鋼板の加工時にストレッチャーストレインとよばれる『しわ』が発生するのを防ぐことが主な目的であり、50℃未満の低い温度である常温で小さい圧下率で行われるものであり、結果として、本実施形態に係る鋼板と同様の集合組織や、表面性状が得られない。
圧延工程後の熱延鋼板に対し、750℃~900℃の温度域に加熱し、その温度域で10秒~1000秒の保持を行い、その後、750℃から600℃までの範囲では1.0℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で冷却する、熱処理を行ってもよい。この熱処理によれば、加熱または保持中に、一部またはすべてのフェライトをオーステナイト変態させ、その後、オーステナイトの一部またはすべてをベイナイトやマルテンサイトなどの低温変態組織とすることができる。ミクロ組織が低温変態組織を含む場合、高強度が得られる。
熱処理温度が750℃未満、また保持時間が10秒未満では、フェライトからオーステナイトへ変態する割合が十分でなく、590MPa以上の引張強度を得ることが難しい。
一方、熱処理温度が900℃超では結晶粒が粗大化し、靱性が低下する。
また、保持時間が1000秒超となっても変態の進行が飽和する。そのため、オーステナイトの相分率を制御するという目的からは1000秒超の加熱は不必要であり、生産効率上1000秒を実質的な上限とする。
750℃から600℃の温度ではフェライト変態が生じやすく、この温度域で長時間保持すると590MPa以上の引張強度の確保が難しくなる。そのため、750~600℃の範囲を、1.0℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で冷却する。
熱処理によりBCC-FCC変態、その後の冷却でFCC-BCC変態が生じるが、上記変態はいずれも一定の結晶方位関係を持って生じるため、熱処理前に有していた集合組織の傾向は、熱処理後にも維持される。そのため上記に例示した熱延方法、圧延方法により熱処理前の集合組織を制御している場合、熱処理後に規定の集合組織、すなわち方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上である集合組織を得ることができる。また、この温度域での熱処理では表面性状は大きく変化しないため、上記に例示した熱延方法、圧延方法により熱処理前の表面性状を制御している場合、熱処理後に規定の表面状態、すなわちランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下、表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上を満たす表面性状を得ることができる。
本実施形態に係る鋼板を、耐食性の向上を目的として溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板または合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板とする場合には、熱処理工程後の熱延鋼板に溶融亜鉛めっきを施すことが好ましい。亜鉛めっきは耐食性向上に寄与することから、耐食性が期待される用途への適用の場合には亜鉛めっきを実施することが望ましい。亜鉛めっきは溶融亜鉛めっきであることが好ましい。溶融亜鉛めっきの条件は特に限定されず、公知の条件で行えばよい。
また、溶融亜鉛めっき後の熱延鋼板(溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板)を、合金化することで、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を製造できる。合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板は、耐食性の向上に加えて、スポット溶接性の向上や絞り成形時の摺動性向上などの効果を付与できることから、用途に応じて合金化を実施しても良い。
上記の溶融亜鉛めっき処理および合金化溶融亜鉛めっき処理は、熱処理後に一度室温まで冷却してから行ってもよいし、冷却せずに行ってもよい。
亜鉛めっき以外に、Alめっき、Mgを含むめっき、電気めっきを実施したとしても本実施形態に係る鋼板を製造できる。
酸洗工程後の圧延工程では、表2-2の温度と圧延機台数とパス数と圧下率、酸洗完了からの経過時間を示す条件で圧延を実施した。
圧延工程後の熱処理工程では、表2-2に条件を示す加熱温度、加熱時間で、保持し、その後、組織を焼き戻しマルテンサイト(t-M)、残留γを含むベイナイト(TRIP)、フェライト・マルテンサイト(DP)とすることを目的に、以下に示すパターンで熱処理を行った。
(焼き戻しマルテンサイトパターン:t-M)
上記の加熱温度から20℃/秒で700℃まで冷却した後、700℃から100℃/秒で150℃以下まで冷却を行い、250℃に20℃/秒で再加熱し、250℃で300秒保持した。
(残留γを含むベイナイトパターン:TRIP)
上記の加熱温度から20℃/秒で700℃まで冷却した後、700℃から100℃/秒で250℃以下まで冷却を行い、400℃まで520℃/秒で再加熱し、400℃で300秒保持した。
(フェライト・マルテンサイトパターン:DP)
上記の加熱温度から15℃/秒で600℃まで冷却を行った後、700℃から100℃/秒で250℃以下まで冷却を行い、250℃で300秒保持した。
また、フレッシュマルテンサイトの体積率は、FE-SEMで観察される腐食されていない領域の面積率として求めた体積率と、X線回折で測定した残留オーステナイトの体積率との差分として求めた。
表2-3に各相の体積率を示す。
結果を表2-3に示す。
まず、曲げ試験片を、熱延鋼板の幅方向1/2位置から、100mm×30mmの短冊形状の試験片を切り出し、曲げ稜線が圧延方向(L方向)に平行である曲げ(L軸曲げ)と、曲げ稜線が圧延方向に垂直な方向(C方向)に平行である曲げ(C軸曲げ)の両者について、Z2248(Vブロック90°曲げ試験)に準拠して曲げ加工性を調査した。
この際、曲げ外側および曲げ内側に亀裂の発生しない最小曲げ半径を求め、L軸とC軸の最小曲げ半径の平均値を板厚(t=tf)で除した値を限界曲げR/tとして曲げ性の指標値とした。ただし、亀裂の有無は、Vブロック90°曲げ試験後の試験片を曲げ方向と平行でかつ板面に垂直な面で切断した断面を鏡面研磨後、光学顕微鏡で亀裂を観察し、曲げ外側または曲げ内側のいずれか一方でも観察される亀裂長さが30μmを超える場合に亀裂有と判断した。
結果を表2-3に示す。
結果を表2-3に示す。
Claims (3)
- 化学成分として、質量%で、
C:0.03~0.28%、
Si:0.05~2.50%、
Mn:1.00~4.00%、
sol.Al:0.001~2.000%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
N:0.010%以下、
O:0.010%以下、
Ti:0~0.10%、
Nb:0~0.10%、
B:0~0.010%、
V:0~1.00%、
Cr:0~1.00%、
Mo:0~1.00%、
Cu:0~1.00%、
Co:0~1.00%、
W:0~1.00%、
Ni:0~1.00%、
Ca:0~0.010%、
Mg:0~0.010%、
REM:0~0.010%、
Zr:0~0.010%、及び
残部:Fe及び不純物、
を含み、
表面から板厚方向に板厚の1/10の範囲において、オイラー角で、φ1=0~90°、Φ=50~60°、φ2=45°で表現される方位群である方位群1の平均極密度が1.5以下、かつ、前記オイラー角で、φ1=45~85°、Φ=85~90°、φ2=45°で表現される方位群である方位群2の平均極密度が1.5以上であり、
表面性状のランダム度を示すS値が7.5以下であり、
前記表面性状の集中度を示すE値が0.04以上であり、
引張強度が590MPa以上である、
ことを特徴とする高強度鋼板。 - 前記表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の高強度鋼板。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき層が合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の高強度鋼板。
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| MX2023001729A MX2023001729A (es) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-10 | Lamina de acero de alta resistencia. |
| JP2022553757A JP7469706B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-10 | 高強度鋼板 |
| KR1020237005055A KR102846333B1 (ko) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-10 | 고강도 강판 |
| US18/018,596 US12416060B2 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-10 | High-strength steel sheet |
| EP21875142.8A EP4223900A4 (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-10 | High-strength steel sheet |
| CN202180051075.0A CN115917030B (zh) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-10 | 高强度钢板 |
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| WO2022070840A1 true WO2022070840A1 (ja) | 2022-04-07 |
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| PCT/JP2021/033340 Ceased WO2022070840A1 (ja) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-10 | 高強度鋼板 |
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| EP (1) | EP4223900A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7469706B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102846333B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN115917030B (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2023001729A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2022070840A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPWO2025089115A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-26 | 2025-05-01 | ||
| JPWO2025089110A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-26 | 2025-05-01 |
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| JPWO2025089115A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-26 | 2025-05-01 | ||
| JPWO2025089110A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-26 | 2025-05-01 | ||
| WO2025089115A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-26 | 2025-05-01 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2025089110A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-26 | 2025-05-01 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP7747244B2 (ja) | 2023-10-26 | 2025-10-01 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP7747245B2 (ja) | 2023-10-26 | 2025-10-01 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4223900A1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
| US20230295760A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
| CN115917030A (zh) | 2023-04-04 |
| MX2023001729A (es) | 2023-02-22 |
| CN115917030B (zh) | 2024-05-31 |
| KR102846333B1 (ko) | 2025-08-14 |
| KR20230038545A (ko) | 2023-03-20 |
| JPWO2022070840A1 (ja) | 2022-04-07 |
| EP4223900A4 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
| JP7469706B2 (ja) | 2024-04-17 |
| US12416060B2 (en) | 2025-09-16 |
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