WO2022070593A1 - インクセット、積層体、及び、積層体の製造方法 - Google Patents
インクセット、積層体、及び、積層体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022070593A1 WO2022070593A1 PCT/JP2021/028607 JP2021028607W WO2022070593A1 WO 2022070593 A1 WO2022070593 A1 WO 2022070593A1 JP 2021028607 W JP2021028607 W JP 2021028607W WO 2022070593 A1 WO2022070593 A1 WO 2022070593A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/38—Inkjet printing inks characterised by non-macromolecular additives other than solvents, pigments or dyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
- B41M7/009—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using thermal means, e.g. infrared radiation, heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
- C09D11/106—Printing inks based on artificial resins containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/322—Pigment inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/40—Ink-sets specially adapted for multi-colour inkjet printing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
- H05K3/1241—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by ink-jet printing or drawing by dispensing
- H05K3/125—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by ink-jet printing or drawing by dispensing by ink-jet printing
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an ink set, a laminate, and a method for manufacturing the laminate.
- Noise such as electromagnetic noise and electrostatic noise may become a problem on printed circuit boards.
- a method of forming a conductive layer by thermal sintering using silver particle ink has been known.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-183401 describes a polycarboxylic acid resin (A) having two or more carboxyl groups in one molecule, a curing component (B), a curing agent (C), and a pH exceeding 7.0. Described is a curable resin composition comprising a conductive filler (D). Also, U.S. Pat. No. 1,059,547 describes an ink composition containing a silver complex.
- the conductive layer provided on the insulating layer is required to have improved conductivity.
- an ink set capable of obtaining a laminated body having excellent conductivity. Further, according to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a laminate having excellent conductivity and a method for producing the laminate.
- the disclosure includes the following aspects: ⁇ 1> Insulating ink containing at least one polymerization initiator and polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of an oxime compound, an alkylphenone compound, and a titanosen compound, and a conductive ink containing at least one of a metal complex and a metal salt. And an ink set containing.
- ⁇ 3> The ink set according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the polymerization initiator is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone compound and a benzylketal alkylphenone compound.
- the polymerization initiator is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone compound and a benzylketal alkylphenone compound.
- ⁇ 4> The ink set according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the content of the polymerization initiator is 2% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of the insulating ink.
- ⁇ 5> The ink set according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the ratio of the polyfunctional polymerizable monomer to the polymerizable monomer is 50% by mass or less.
- the contact angle of the conductive ink on the insulating layer formed by the insulating ink is 60 ° or less.
- the metal complex is a metal complex having a structure derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of an ammonium carbamate compound, an ammonium carbonate compound, an amine, and a carboxylic acid having 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and is a metal.
- the ratio of the mass of the polymerization initiator contained in the insulating ink to the total mass of the carboxylic acid and the amine in the conductive ink is 0.06 to 0.5.
- ⁇ 11> The ink set according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10> is used, and a step of applying an insulating ink on a base material to obtain an insulating layer and a conductive ink on the insulating layer are applied.
- a method for manufacturing a laminated body including a step of applying the ink to obtain a conductive layer.
- ⁇ 12> The method for manufacturing a laminate according to ⁇ 11>, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the conductive layer to the thickness of the insulating layer is less than 0.5.
- ⁇ 13> The method for producing a laminate according to ⁇ 11> or ⁇ 12>, wherein in the step of obtaining the conductive layer, the conductive ink is applied and then the conductive ink is cured by using heat or light.
- ⁇ 14> The method for producing a laminate according to any one of ⁇ 11> to ⁇ 13>, wherein in the step of obtaining the conductive layer, the step of applying the conductive ink is repeated two or more times.
- ⁇ 15> The ink set according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10> is used, and the base material, the insulating layer which is a cured product of the insulating ink provided on the base material, and the insulating layer.
- an ink set capable of obtaining a laminate having excellent conductivity. Further, according to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a laminate having excellent conductivity and a method for producing the laminate.
- the numerical range indicated by using "-" in the present specification means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range described in another stepwise description.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples.
- the amount of each component in the composition is the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified, when a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition. Means. In the present specification, a combination of two or more preferred embodiments is a more preferred embodiment.
- the term "process" is included in this term as long as the intended purpose of the process is achieved, not only in an independent process but also in cases where it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. Is done.
- image means the whole film
- image recording means the formation of an image (that is, a film).
- image in the present specification also includes a solid image.
- the ink set of the present disclosure includes an insulating ink containing at least one polymerization initiator and a polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of an oxime compound, an alkylphenone compound, and a titanosen compound, and at least one of a metal complex and a metal salt. Contains conductive ink and contains. By using the ink set of the present disclosure, a laminate having excellent conductivity can be obtained. The reason for this is presumed as follows.
- the insulating ink contains a polymerization initiator and a polymerizable monomer, and for example, by irradiating with an active energy ray, the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer proceeds by the radical generated from the polymerization initiator.
- the insulating ink is cured by the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer, so that the insulating layer is formed.
- the conductive layer is formed by applying the conductive ink on the insulating layer and heating the insulating layer. The present inventors have found that in the formation of the insulating layer, the conductivity is improved by suppressing the transfer of the uncured component in the insulating layer to the conductive ink.
- the decomposition product of the polymerization initiator As an uncured component in the insulating layer. It has been found that suppressing the transfer of the decomposition product of the polymerization initiator to the conductive ink contributes to the improvement of the conductivity.
- the ink set of the present disclosure is at least one polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of the oxime compound, the alkylphenone compound, and the titanosen compound contained in the insulating ink difficult to transfer to the conductive ink even if decomposed? Or, even if it is decomposed and transferred to the conductive ink, it is considered that the conductivity is not easily lowered.
- the conductive ink contains at least one of a metal complex and a metal salt.
- the conductive layer formed by the conductive ink containing at least one of the metal complex and the metal salt has fewer voids than the conductive layer formed by the conductive ink containing metal particles. Therefore, a laminated body having excellent conductivity can be obtained.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-183401 describes a curable resin composition containing a conductive filler. It is considered that the conductive layer formed by the curable resin composition containing the conductive filler cannot obtain high conductivity due to the presence of voids. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-183401 does not describe the combination of the insulating ink and the conductive ink.
- US Pat. No. 1,059,547 describes an ink composition containing a silver complex.
- US Pat. No. 10,097,547 there is no description focusing on the combination of insulating ink and conductive ink.
- the insulating ink comprises at least one polymerization initiator and polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of an oxime compound, an alkylphenone compound, and a titanosen compound.
- the insulating ink means an ink for forming an insulating layer having an insulating property.
- Insulation means a property having a volume resistivity of 10 10 ⁇ cm or more.
- the insulating ink contains at least one polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of an oxime compound, an alkylphenone compound, and a titanocene compound.
- Examples of the oxime compound include 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl] -1,2-octanedione-2- (O-benzoyloxime) and 1- [9-ethyl-6- (2-methylbenzoyl)-.
- the oxime compound is a compound described in JP-A-2009-5199004 in which an oxime is linked to the N-position of the carbazole ring, and a compound described in US Pat. No. 6,626,957 in which a heterosubstituted group is introduced into a benzophenone moiety.
- 7,556,910 which contains an oxime skeleton in the same molecule; or JP-A-2009-221114, which has an absorption maximum at 405 nm and has good sensitivity to a g-ray light source. It may be the compound described.
- the oxime compound may be an oxime compound having a fluorene ring.
- Examples of the oxime compound having a fluorene ring include the compounds described in JP-A-2014-137466.
- the oxime compound may be an oxime compound having a benzofuran skeleton.
- the oxime compound having a benzofuran skeleton include the compounds OE-01 to OE-75 described in International Publication No. 2015/036910.
- the oxime compound may be an oxime compound having a skeleton in which at least one benzene ring of the carbazole ring is a naphthalene ring.
- Examples of such an oxime compound include the compounds described in International Publication No. 2013/083505.
- the oxime compound may be an oxime compound having a fluorine atom.
- the oxime compound having a fluorine atom include the compounds described in JP-A-2010-262028; compounds 24, 36-40 described in JP-A-2014-500852; and JP-A-2013-164471.
- the compound (C-3) described is mentioned.
- the oxime compound may be an oxime compound having a nitro group.
- the oxime compound having a nitro group may be a dimer.
- Examples of the oxime compound having a nitro group include the compounds described in paragraphs 0031 to 0047 of JP2013-114249A and paragraphs 0008-0012 and 0070-0079 of JP-A-2014-137466; Patent No. 4223071. The compounds described in paragraphs 0007 to 0025; and ADEKA ARKULS NCI-831 (manufactured by ADEKA).
- Examples of commercially available oxime compounds include IRGACURE OXE01, IRGACURE OXE02, IRGACURE OXE03, and IRGACURE OXE04 (manufactured by BASF Japan); TR-PBG-304, TR-PBG-309, and TR-PBG-305 (CANGZO).
- NEW ELECTRONIC MATERIALS CO., manufactured by LTD) and ADEKA ARCLUS NCI-930 and ADEKA PTOMER N-1919 (manufactured by ADEKA).
- alkylphenone compound examples include an ⁇ -hydroxyalkylphenone compound, an ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone compound, and a benzylketal alkylphenone compound.
- Examples of the ⁇ -hydroxyalkylphenone compound include 2,2'-dihydroxy-2,2'-dimethyl-1,1'-[methylenebis (4,1-phenylene)] bis (propane-1-one), 1 -[4- (2-Hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] -2-methyl-2-hydroxy-1-propanol, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone compound include 2-methyl-1-phenyl-2-morpholinopropane-1-one and 2-methyl-1- [4- (hexyl) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropane-1-.
- Examples of the benzyl ketal alkylphenone compound include 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as the alkylphenone compound.
- alkylphenone compounds examples include Omnirad 651, Omnirad 184, Omnirad 1173, Omnirad 2959, Omnirad 127, Omnirad 907, Omnirad 369, and Omnirad 369E (IG).
- titanosen compound examples include di- ⁇ (5) -cyclopentadienylbis [2,6-difluoro-3- (pyrrole-1-yl) phenyl] titanium (IV) and dicyclopentadienyl-titanium-.
- the polymerization initiator contained in the insulating ink is preferably an alkylphenone compound, and at least selected from the group consisting of an ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone compound and a benzylketal alkylphenone compound. It is more preferably one kind. Even if the alkylphenone compound is decomposed, it is considered that the decomposed product is unlikely to be transferred to the conductive ink. Further, it is considered that even if the decomposition product of the alkylphenone compound is transferred to the conductive ink, it is difficult to reduce the conductivity.
- the content of at least one polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of the oxime compound, the alkylphenone compound, and the titanosen compound is preferably 2% by mass to 10% by mass, based on the total amount of the insulating ink. It is more preferably 3% by mass to 9% by mass.
- the content is 2% by mass or more, the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer is improved.
- the content is 10% by mass or less, the conductivity is improved and the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer is improved.
- the insulating ink may contain a polymerization initiator other than at least one polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of an oxime compound, an alkylphenone compound, and a titanocene compound. From the viewpoint of conductivity, it is preferable that the insulating ink does not contain other polymerization initiators.
- Examples of other polymerization initiators include acylphosphine oxide compounds.
- the content of the other polymerization initiator is preferably 5% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the insulating ink from the viewpoint of conductivity.
- the insulating ink contains at least one polymerizable monomer.
- the polymerizable monomer means a monomer having at least one polymerizable group in one molecule.
- the polymerizable group in the polymerizable monomer may be a cationically polymerizable group or a radically polymerizable group, but is preferably a radically polymerizable group from the viewpoint of curability.
- the radically polymerizable group is preferably an ethylenically unsaturated group from the viewpoint of curability.
- the monomer means a compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less.
- the molecular weight can be calculated from the type and number of atoms constituting the compound.
- the polymerizable monomer may be a monofunctional polymerizable monomer having one polymerizable group, or may be a polyfunctional polymerizable monomer having two or more polymerizable groups.
- the monofunctional polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having one polymerizable group. From the viewpoint of curability, the monofunctional polymerizable monomer is preferably a monofunctional radically polymerizable monomer, and more preferably a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- Examples of the monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer include monofunctional (meth) acrylate, monofunctional (meth) acrylamide, monofunctional aromatic vinyl compound, monofunctional vinyl ether and monofunctional N-vinyl compound.
- Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate.
- Tert-octyl (meth) acrylate isoamyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, isostearyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) Acrylate, 4-n-butylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, bornyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyldiglycol (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl ( Meta) acrylate, 2-chloroethyl (meth) acrylate, 4-bromobutyl (meth) acrylate, cyanoethyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (
- the monofunctional (meth) acrylate is preferably a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having an aromatic ring or an aliphatic ring, and isobornyl (meth) acrylate, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl. More preferably, it is (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentenyl (meth) acrylicate, or dicyclopentanyl (meth) acrylicate.
- Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylamide include (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-propyl (meth) acrylamide, and Nn-butyl (meth) acrylamide.
- Examples include (meth) acrylamide and (meth) acryloylmorpholin.
- Examples of the monofunctional aromatic vinyl compound include styrene, dimethylstyrene, trimethylstyrene, isopropylstyrene, chloromethylstyrene, methoxystyrene, acetoxystyrene, chlorostyrene, dichlorostyrene, bromostyrene, vinyl benzoic acid methyl ester, and 3-methyl.
- Styrene 4-methylstyrene, 3-ethylstyrene, 4-ethylstyrene, 3-propylstyrene, 4-propylstyrene, 3-butylstyrene, 4-butylstyrene, 3-hexylstyrene, 4-hexylstyrene,3-octyl Styrene, 4-octyl styrene, 3- (2-ethylhexyl) styrene, 4- (2-ethylhexyl) styrene, allyl styrene, isopropenyl styrene, butenyl styrene, octenyl styrene, 4-t-butoxycarbonyl styrene and 4- Included is t-butoxystyrene.
- Examples of the monofunctional vinyl ether include methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, propyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, n-nonyl vinyl ether, lauryl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, cyclohexylmethyl vinyl ether and 4-methyl.
- Examples of the monofunctional N-vinyl compound include N-vinyl- ⁇ -caprolactam, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylformamide, and N-vinylphthalimide.
- the monofunctional N-vinyl compound is preferably a compound having a heterocyclic structure.
- the polyfunctional polymerizable compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer having two or more polymerizable groups. From the viewpoint of curability, the polyfunctional polymerizable compound is preferably a polyfunctional radically polymerizable monomer, and more preferably a polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer examples include a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate compound, a polyfunctional vinyl ether, and a polyfunctional allyl compound.
- polyfunctional (meth) acrylate examples include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- polyfunctional vinyl ether examples include 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether, ethylene glycol divinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether, triethylene glycol divinyl ether, polyethylene glycol divinyl ether, propylene glycol divinyl ether, butylene glycol divinyl ether, and hexanediol di.
- polyfunctional allyl compound examples include triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl isophthalate, diallyl terephthalate, triallyl trimellitic acid, and tetraallyl pyromellitic acid.
- the polyfunctional polymerizable monomer is preferably a monomer having 3 to 11 carbon atoms in a portion other than the (meth) acryloyl group.
- Specific examples of the monomer having 3 to 11 carbon atoms other than the (meth) acryloyl group include 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and PO-modified neopentyl glycol.
- Di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate (EO chain n 4), or More preferably, it is a 1,10-decanediol di (meth) acrylate.
- the ratio of the polyfunctional polymerizable monomer to the polymerizable monomer is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, and further preferably 40% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the polyfunctional polymerizable monomer to the polymerizable monomer is preferably 0% by mass, more preferably 20% by mass.
- the insulating ink preferably contains an N-vinyl compound, and more preferably contains N-vinylcaprolactam.
- the N-vinyl compound tends to be present at the air interface and has a function of enhancing the surface curability of the ink film. Therefore, when the insulating ink contains an N-vinyl compound, the transfer of the uncured component in the insulating layer to the conductive ink is suppressed, and the conductivity is improved. Further, since the N-vinyl compound has high polarity, it has a strong interaction with the conductive layer. Therefore, when the insulating ink contains an N-vinyl compound, the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer is improved.
- the insulating ink may contain components other than the polymerization initiator and the polymerizable monomer.
- Other components include sensitizers, surfactants and additives.
- the insulating ink may contain at least one sensitizer.
- the sensitizer examples include polynuclear aromatic compounds (eg, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene, and 2-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxyanthracene), xanthene compounds (eg, fluoressein, eosin, erythrosin, rhodamin B, etc.). And Rose Bengal), cyanine compounds (eg, thiacarbocyanin and oxacarbocyanin), merocyanin compounds (eg, merocyanin, and carbomerocyanin), thiadin compounds (eg, thionin, methylene blue, and toluidine blue), acridin.
- polynuclear aromatic compounds eg, pyrene, perylene, triphenylene, and 2-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxyanthracene
- xanthene compounds eg, fluoressein, eosin, erythrosin, rho
- anthracinones eg, anthracene
- squarylium compounds eg, squarylium
- coumarin compounds eg, 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin
- thioxanthone compounds examples thereof include a compound (for example, isopropylthioxanthone) and a thiochromanone-based compound (for example, thiochromanone).
- the sensitizer is preferably a thioxanthone-based compound.
- thioxanthone compound examples include thioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 4-isopropylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2,4-dichlorothioxanthone, 2-dodecylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, and 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone.
- thioxanthone-based compounds examples include SPEEDCURE series manufactured by Rambson, for example, SPEEDCURE ITX (2-isopropylthioxanthone).
- the content of the sensitizer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0% by mass to 15.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the insulating ink. It is more preferably 5% by mass to 5.0% by mass.
- the mass ratio of the content of the polymerization initiator to the content of the sensitizer is preferably larger than 1, and more preferably larger than 1.5. Further, the upper limit of the mass ratio is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 10.
- the insulating protective layer forming ink may contain at least one chain transfer agent.
- the chain transfer agent is preferably a polyfunctional thiol from the viewpoint of improving the reactivity of the photopolymerization reaction.
- polyfunctional thiol examples include aliphatic thiols such as hexane-1,6-dithiol, decane-1,10-dithiol, dimercaptodiethyl ether and dimercaptodiethyl sulfide, xylylene dimercaptan, 4,4'-.
- Aromatic thiols such as dimercaptodiphenyl sulfide, 1,4-benzenedithiol; Ethylene glycol bis (mercaptoacetate), polyethylene glycol bis (mercaptoacetate), propylene glycol bis (mercaptoacetate), glycerintris (mercaptoacetate), trimethylolethaneethanol (mercaptoacetate), trimethylolpropanetris (mercaptoacetate), penta Polyhydric alcohols such as erythritol tetrakis (mercaptoacetate) and dipentaerythritol hexakis (mercaptoacetate); Ethylene glycol bis (3-mercaptopropionate), polyethylene glycol bis (3-mercaptopropionate), propylene glycol bis (3-mercaptopropionate), glycerintris (3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolethane Multivalent values such as tris (mercaptopropionate), trimethylolpropan
- Alcohol poly (3-mercaptopropionate); and 1,4-bis (3-mercaptobutylyloxy) butane, 1,3,5-tris (3-mercaptobutyloxyethyl) -1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 (1H, 3H, 5H) ) -Poly (mercaptobutyrate) such as trion, pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptobutyrate) and the like can be mentioned.
- the insulating ink may contain at least one surfactant.
- surfactant examples include those described in JP-A-62-173436 and JP-A-62-183457.
- examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants such as dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, and fatty acid salt; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl allyl ether, acetylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene.
- -Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxypropylene block copolymers; and cationic surfactants such as alkylamine salts and quaternary ammonium salts.
- the surfactant may be a fluorine-based surfactant or a silicone-based surfactant.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the insulating ink.
- the lower limit of the content of the surfactant is not particularly limited.
- the insulating ink may contain at least one organic solvent.
- organic solvent examples include (poly) alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
- poly alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether.
- (Poly) alkylene glycol dialkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether;
- (Poly) alkylene glycol acetates such as diethylene glycol acetate;
- (Poly) alkylene glycol diacetates such as ethylene glycol diacetate and propylene glycol diacetate;
- (Poly) alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetates such as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone; Lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone; Esters such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl
- the content of the organic solvent is preferably 80% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the insulating ink.
- the lower limit of the content of the organic solvent is not particularly limited.
- the insulating ink may contain additives such as a cosensitizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antioxidant, a fading agent, and a basic compound.
- the pH of the insulating ink is preferably 7 to 10, more preferably 7.5 to 9.5, from the viewpoint of improving ejection stability when applied using an inkjet recording method.
- the pH is measured at 25 ° C. using a pH meter, and is measured, for example, using a pH meter (model number "HM-31") manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation.
- the viscosity of the insulating ink is preferably 0.5 mPa ⁇ s to 100 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 2 mPa ⁇ s to 80 mPa ⁇ s, and 3 mPa ⁇ s ⁇ , from the viewpoint of controlling the film thickness of the insulating layer. It is more preferably 60 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity is measured at 25 ° C. using a viscometer, and is measured, for example, using a TV-22 type viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the surface tension of the insulating ink is preferably 60 mN / m or less, more preferably 20 mN / m to 50 mN / m, and more preferably 25 mN / m to 45 mN / m from the viewpoint of controlling the film thickness of the insulating layer. It is more preferable to have.
- the surface tension is measured at 25 ° C. using a surface tension meter, and is measured by a plate method using, for example, an automatic surface tension meter (product name “CBVP-Z”) manufactured by Kyowa Surface Science Co., Ltd.
- the conductive ink contains at least one of a metal complex and a metal salt.
- the conductive ink means an ink for forming a conductive layer having conductivity.
- Conductivity means the property that the volume resistivity is less than 108 ⁇ cm.
- Metal complex examples of the metal constituting the metal complex include silver, copper, gold, aluminum, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, iron, platinum, tin, copper, and lead. Among them, from the viewpoint of conductivity, the metal constituting the metal complex preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, platinum, nickel, palladium and copper, and more preferably contains silver. ..
- the metal complex is obtained, for example, by reacting a metal salt with a complexing agent.
- the method for producing a metal complex include a method in which a metal salt and a complexing agent are added to an organic solvent and stirred for a predetermined time.
- the stirring method is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from known methods such as a method of stirring using a stirrer, a stirring blade or a mixer, and a method of applying ultrasonic waves.
- Metal salts include metal oxides, thiocitrates, sulfides, chlorides, cyanides, cyanates, carbonates, acetates, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, phosphates, perchlorates, Included are tetrafluoroborates, acetylacetonate complex salts, and carboxylates.
- the complexing agent examples include amines, ammonium carbamate compounds, ammonium carbonate compounds, ammonium biocarbonate compounds, and carboxylic acids.
- the complexing agent preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbamate compounds, ammonium carbonate compounds, amines, and carboxylic acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. ..
- the metal complex has a structure derived from a complexing agent, and is selected from the group consisting of an ammonium carbamate compound, an ammonium carbonate compound, an amine, and a carboxylic acid having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. It is preferable to have a derived structure.
- amines as complexing agents include ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and polyamines.
- Examples of the primary amine having a linear alkyl group include methylamine, ethylamine, 1-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine and n.
- Examples of the primary amine having a branched alkyl group include isopropylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, isopentylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, and tert-octylamine.
- Examples of the primary amine having an alicyclic structure include cyclohexylamine and dicyclohexylamine.
- Primary amines having a hydroxyalkyl group include, for example, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, propanolamine, isopropanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, tripropanolamine, and triisopropanol. Amine can be mentioned.
- Examples of the primary amine having an aromatic ring include benzylamine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, phenylamine, diphenylamine, triphenylamine, aniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, N, N-dimethyl-p-.
- Examples include triidine, 4-aminopyridine, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine.
- Examples of the secondary amine include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diphenylamine, dicyclopentylamine, and methylbutylamine.
- tertiary amine examples include trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and triphenylamine.
- polyamines examples include ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetramethylenepentamine, hexamethylenediamine, tetraethylenepentamine, and combinations thereof.
- the amine is preferably an alkylamine, preferably an alkylamine having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably a primary alkylamine having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the amine constituting the metal complex may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the ratio of the molar amount of the amine to the molar amount of the metal salt is preferably 1 to 15 times, more preferably 1.5 to 6 times.
- the complex formation reaction is completed and a transparent solution is obtained.
- ammonium carbamate compound that is a complexing agent examples include ammonium carbamate, methylammonium methyl carbamate, ethyl ammonium ethyl carbamate, 1-propylammonium 1-propyl carbamate, isopropylammonium isopropyl carbamate, butylammonium butyl carbamate, isobutylammonium isobutyl carbamate, and amyl.
- Examples thereof include ammonium amylcarbamate, hexylammonium hexylcarbamate, heptylammonium heptylcarbamate, octylammonium octylcarbamate, 2-ethylhexylammonium 2-ethylhexylcarbamate, nonylammonyl nonylcarbamate, and decylammonium decylcarbamate.
- Ammonium carbonate compounds that are complexing agents include ammonium carbonate, methylammonium carbonate, ethylammonium carbonate, 1-propylammonium carbonate, isopropylammonium carbonate, butylammonium carbonate, isobutylammonium carbonate, amylammonium carbonate, hexylammonium carbonate, and heptyl.
- Examples include ammonium carbonate, octyl ammonium carbonate, 2-ethylhexyl ammonium carbonate, nonyl ammonium carbonate, and decyl ammonium carbonate.
- ammonium bicarbonate-based compound as a complexing agent examples include ammonium carbonate, methylammonium carbonate, ethylammonium carbonate, 1-propylammonium carbonate, isopropylammonium carbonate, butylammonium carbonate, isobutylammonium carbonate, and amyl.
- Ammonium ammonium bicarbonate, hexyl ammonium biocarbonate, heptyl ammonium biocarbonate, octyl ammonium biocarbonate, 2-ethylhexyl ammonium biocarbonate, nonyl ammonium biocarbonate, and decyl ammonium biocarbonate can be mentioned.
- the metal salt When the metal salt is reacted with the ammonium carbamate compound, the ammonium carbonate compound, or the ammonium carboxylate compound, the ammonium carbamate compound, the ammonium carbonate compound, or the ammonium carbide compound with respect to the molar amount of the metal salt is used.
- the molar amount ratio is preferably 0.01 times to 1 time, more preferably 0.05 times to 0.6 times.
- carboxylic acid examples include caproic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, caproic acid, neodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and palmitoleic acid. , Oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Above all, the carboxylic acid is preferably a carboxylic acid having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the metal constituting the metal salt examples include silver, copper, gold, aluminum, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, iron, platinum, tin, copper, and lead.
- the metal constituting the metal complex preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of silver, gold, platinum, nickel, palladium and copper, and more preferably contains silver. ..
- metal salt examples include benzoate of metal, halide, carbonate, citrate, iodate, nitrite, nitrate, acetate, phosphate, sulfate, sulfide, trifluoroacetate, and the like. And carboxylates. Two or more kinds of salts may be combined.
- the metal salt is preferably a metal carboxylate from the viewpoint of conductivity and stability.
- the carboxylic acid forming the carboxylate is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of formic acid and fatty acids having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the carboxylic acid is a fatty acid having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, the fatty acid may be linear, may be branched, or may have a substituent.
- linear fatty acids examples include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, pentanic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, and caprylic acid. , Perargonic acid, caproic acid, and undecanoic acid.
- branched fatty acid examples include isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, ethylhexanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, pivalic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid, 2,2-dimethylbutanoic acid, and the like. Included are 2,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid, and 2-ethylbutanoic acid.
- carboxylic acid having a substituent examples include 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-methoxybutyric acid, acetonedicarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, 2-methyl-3-hydroxyglutaric acid, and the like. Hexafluoroacetylacetone acid, hydroangelica acid, and 2,2,4,4-hydroxyglutaric acid can be mentioned.
- the metal salt may be a commercially available product or may be manufactured by a known method.
- the silver salt is produced, for example, by the following method.
- a silver compound for example, silver acetate
- an organic solvent such as ethanol
- the mixture is stirred using an ultrasonic stirrer for a predetermined time, and the generated precipitate is washed with ethanol and decanted. All of these steps can be performed at room temperature.
- the mixing ratio of the silver compound to formic acid or a fatty acid having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 in terms of molar ratio, and more preferably 1: 1.
- the conductive ink preferably contains a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve components contained in the conductive ink such as a metal complex and a metal salt. From the viewpoint of ease of production, the solvent preferably has a boiling point of 30 ° C. to 300 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 200 ° C., and even more preferably 50 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the content of the solvent in the conductive ink is such that the concentration of metal ions with respect to the metal complex (the amount of metal present as free ions with respect to 1 g of the metal complex) is 0.01 mmol / g or more. It is preferably 3.6 mmol / g, more preferably 0.05 mmol / g to 2 mmol / g.
- concentration of the metal ion is within the above range, the metal complex ink has excellent fluidity and can obtain conductivity.
- the solvent examples include hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbamates, alkenes, amides, ethers, esters, alcohols, thiols, thioethers, phosphines, and water.
- the solvent contained in the conductive ink may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
- the hydrocarbon is preferably a linear or branched hydrocarbon having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon include pentadecane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonan, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, octadecane, nonadecane and icosan.
- the cyclic hydrocarbon is preferably a cyclic hydrocarbon having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Cyclic hydrocarbons can include, for example, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclononane, cyclodecane, and decalin.
- aromatic hydrocarbons examples include benzene, toluene, xylene, and tetralin.
- the ether may be any of linear ether, branched chain ether, and cyclic ether.
- Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl-t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dihydropyran, and 1,4-dioxane.
- the alcohol may be any of primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, and tertiary alcohol.
- alcohols examples include ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol and 1-hexanol.
- ketone examples include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.
- ester examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, methoxybutyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol.
- the content of the solvent in the conductive ink is such that the concentration of metal ions with respect to the metal salt (the amount of metal present as free ions with respect to 1 g of the metal salt) is 0.01 mmol / g or more. It is preferably 3.6 mmol / g, more preferably 0.05 mmol / g to 2.6 mmol / g.
- concentration of the metal ion is within the above range, the conductive ink has excellent fluidity and can obtain electromagnetic wave shielding property.
- Solvents include, for example, hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, carbamate, alkenes, amides, ethers, esters, alcohols, thiols, thioethers, phosphines, and water.
- the solvent contained in the metal salt ink may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
- the solvent preferably contains aromatic hydrocarbons.
- aromatic hydrocarbons include benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, butylbenzene, isobutylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, pentylbenzene, hexylbenzene, tetraline, benzyl alcohol, phenol, and the like. Includes cresol, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, propyl benzoate, and butyl benzoate.
- the number of aromatic rings in the aromatic hydrocarbon is preferably one or two, and more preferably one, from the viewpoint of compatibility with other components.
- the boiling point of the aromatic hydrocarbon is preferably 50 ° C to 300 ° C, more preferably 60 ° C to 250 ° C, and even more preferably 80 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the solvent may contain aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons other than aromatic hydrocarbons.
- hydrocarbons other than aromatic hydrocarbons include linear hydrocarbons having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, branched hydrocarbons having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and alicyclic hydrocarbons having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Hydrocarbons other than aromatic hydrocarbons include, for example, pentadecane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, decalin, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane. , Cyclononane, cyclodecane, decene, terpene compounds and icosan. Hydrocarbons other than aromatic hydrocarbons preferably contain unsaturated bonds.
- hydrocarbons other than aromatic hydrocarbons containing unsaturated bonds include terpene compounds.
- the terpene compounds are classified into, for example, hemiterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, cestelterpenes, triterpenes, sesqualterpenes, and tetraterpenes according to the number of isoprene units constituting the terpene compounds.
- the terpene-based compound as the solvent may be any of the above, but monoterpene is preferable.
- monoterpines examples include pinene ( ⁇ -pinene, ⁇ -pinene), terpineol ( ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -terpineol, ⁇ -terpineol), milsen, camphene, limonene (d-limonene, l-limonene, dipentene), and the like.
- Osimen ( ⁇ -Osimen, ⁇ -Osimen), Aloocimen, Ferrandren ( ⁇ -Ferlandren, ⁇ -Ferlandren), Terpinene ( ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -terpinene), Terpineol ( ⁇ -terpineolene, ⁇ -terpineolene, ⁇ - Terpinene, ⁇ -terpineolene), 1,8-cineol, 1,4-cineol, limonene, paramentadien, kalen ( ⁇ -3-karene).
- the monoterpene a cyclic monoterpene is preferable, and pinene, terpineol, or curene is more preferable.
- the ether may be any of linear ether, branched chain ether, and cyclic ether.
- Examples of the ether include diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl-t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dihydropyran, and 1,4-dioxane.
- the alcohol may be any of primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, and tertiary alcohol.
- alcohols examples include ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol and 1-hexanol.
- ketone examples include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.
- ester examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, methoxybutyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol.
- the conductive ink may contain a reducing agent.
- a reducing agent reduction from at least one of the metal complex and the metal salt to the metal is promoted.
- reducing agent examples include boron hydride metal salt, aluminum hydride salt, amine, alcohol, organic acid (carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid), reduced sugar, sugar alcohol, sodium sulfite, hydrazine compound, dextrin, hydroquinone, hydroxylamine. , Ethylene glycol, glutathione, and oxime compounds.
- the reducing agent may be an oxime compound described in JP-A-2014-516463.
- the oxime compound include acetone oxime, cyclohexanone oxime, 2-butanone oxime, 2,3-butandion monooxime, dimethyl glyoxime, methyl acetoacetate mono oxime, methyl pyruvate mono oxime, benzaldehyde oxime, and 1-indanone.
- Examples thereof include oxime, 2-adamantanone oxime, 2-methylbenzamide oxime, 3-methylbenzamide oxime, 4-methylbenzamide oxime, 3-aminobenzamide oxime, 4-aminobenzamide oxime, acetphenone oxime, benzamide oxime, and pinacolon oxime. ..
- the reducing agent contained in the conductive ink may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the content of the reducing agent in the conductive ink is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.3% by mass to 10% by mass, and 1% by mass to 1% by mass. It is more preferably 5% by mass.
- the conductive ink may contain a resin.
- the adhesion of the conductive ink to the substrate is improved.
- the resin examples include polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacetal, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyamide, fluororesin, silicone resin, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, rosin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polysulfone, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl type.
- resins examples include resins, polyacrylonitriles, polysulfides, polyamideimides, polyethers, polyarylates, polyether ether ketones, polyurethanes, epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, and urea resins.
- the resin contained in the conductive ink may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the conductive ink is a surface conditioner, a wetting agent, a cross-linking agent, an antioxidant, a rust preventive, and a heat-resistant stabilizer to the extent that the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired. , Surfactants, plasticizers, hardeners, thickeners, silane coupling agents and the like may be contained.
- the total content of the additives in the conductive ink is preferably 20% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the conductive ink.
- the pH of the conductive ink is preferably 7 to 11.5, and more preferably 7.5 to 11 from the viewpoint of improving ejection stability when the ink is applied by using an inkjet recording method.
- the pH is measured at 25 ° C. using a pH meter, and is measured, for example, using a pH meter (model number "HM-31") manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation.
- the viscosity of the conductive ink is not particularly limited, and may be 1 mPa ⁇ s to 5000 Pa ⁇ s, preferably 3 mPa ⁇ s to 100 Pa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the conductive ink is preferably 1 mPa ⁇ s to 100 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 2 mPa ⁇ s to 50 mPa ⁇ s. It is more preferably 3 mPa ⁇ s to 30 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the conductive ink is measured at 25 ° C. using a viscometer, and is measured, for example, using a TV-22 type viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the surface tension of the conductive ink is preferably 60 mN / m or less, more preferably 20 mN / m to 50 mN / m, and even more preferably 25 mN / m to 45 mN / m.
- the surface tension is measured at 25 ° C. using a surface tension meter, and is measured by a plate method using, for example, an automatic surface tension meter (product name “CBVP-Z”) manufactured by Kyowa Surface Science Co., Ltd.
- the conductive ink contains at least one of a metal complex and a metal salt.
- the metal complex and the metal salt may contain a structure derived from a carboxylic acid and / or an amine.
- the conductive ink may contain a reducing agent, and may contain a carboxylic acid or an amine as the reducing agent.
- the structures derived from carboxylic acids and / or amines contained in metal complexes and metal salts, and carboxylic acids or amines contained in reducing agents are collectively referred to as carboxylic acids and amines.
- the contents of carboxylic acid and amine are calculated from the area ratio (%) of the detected component in the measurement result of gas chromatography.
- the measuring device for example, the product name “Gas Chromatograph GC-2010” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used.
- the ratio of the mass of the polymerization initiator contained in the insulating ink to the total mass of the carboxylic acid and the amine in the conductive ink (that is, "insulating ink”).
- the mass of the polymerization initiator contained in the ink / the total mass of the carboxylic acid and the amine in the conductive ink ") is preferably 0.06 to 0.5.
- the above ratio is 0.06 or more, the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer is excellent.
- the above ratio is 0.5 or less, the conductivity is excellent.
- the above ratio is more preferably 0.06 to 0.4, and further preferably 0.06 to 0.3, from the viewpoint of improving the conductivity and the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer. ..
- the contact angle of the conductive ink on the insulating layer formed by the insulating ink is preferably 60 ° or less, more preferably 50 ° or less, and further preferably 40 ° or less. When the contact angle is 60 ° or less, the conductive layer is likely to be uniformly formed.
- the lower limit of the contact angle is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 5 °.
- the contact angle of the conductive ink on the insulating layer formed by the insulating ink is measured by, for example, the following method. First, insulating ink is applied onto the base material and irradiated with active energy rays to form an insulating layer. Conductive ink is dropped onto the formed insulating layer, and the measurement is performed at 25 ° C. using a contact angle meter. The contact angle is measured using, for example, a contact angle meter (product name "Drop master 500", manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.).
- the ink set of the present disclosure is preferably used for a printed circuit board. That is, the ink set of the present disclosure is preferably an ink set for a printed circuit board.
- the conductive ink in the ink set of the present disclosure is applied to the insulating layer, and an image serving as a wiring pattern is recorded.
- a printed circuit board can be manufactured. Further, after mounting an electronic component such as a chip on a substrate, applying insulating ink to the mounted electronic component to form an insulating layer, and then applying the conductive ink in the ink set of the present disclosure to the insulating layer. , A printed circuit board may be manufactured by forming a conductive layer.
- the conductive ink in the ink set of the present disclosure is applied to the insulating layer, and the entire surface of the insulating layer is covered with the conductive layer.
- An electromagnetic wave shield can be made.
- the method for producing a laminate of the present disclosure is a step of applying the insulating ink of the present disclosure on a base material to obtain an insulating layer, and a step of applying the conductive ink of the present disclosure to the insulating layer to obtain a conductive layer. And, including.
- the material of the base material is not particularly limited and can be selected according to the purpose. Specifically, as the material of the base material, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, poly Vinyl acetate, acrylic resin, AS resin (acrylonitrile styrene resin), ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), triacetyl cellulose, polyamide, polyacetal, polyphenylensulfide, polysulfone, epoxy resin, glass epoxy resin, melamine resin , Phenolic resin, urea resin, alkyd resin, fluororesin, polylactic acid, etc .; inorganic materials such as copper, steel, aluminum,
- the form of the base material is preferably sheet-like or film-like.
- the thickness of the base material is preferably 20 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m.
- the base material may have an ink receiving layer, and the thickness of the ink receiving layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the ink receiving layer is 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, the ink receiving layer can be held more stably.
- the ink receiving layer is a coating layer formed on a substrate for absorbing ink and fixing the ink.
- the method of applying the insulating ink on the base material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known methods such as a coating method, an inkjet recording method, and a dipping method. Above all, it is preferable to apply the insulating ink by using an inkjet recording method from the viewpoint that the thickness of the insulating ink film formed by a single application can be reduced by dropping a small amount.
- the base material may be pretreated before the insulating ink is applied.
- pretreatment include known methods such as ozone treatment, plasma treatment, corona treatment, primer treatment, and roughening treatment.
- the inkjet recording method is a charge control method that uses electrostatic attraction to eject ink, a drop-on-demand method that uses the vibration pressure of a piezo element (pressure pulse method), and an electric signal that is converted into an acoustic beam to irradiate the ink. It may be either an acoustic inkjet method in which ink is ejected by using radiation pressure, or a thermal inkjet (bubble jet (registered trademark)) method in which ink is heated to form bubbles and the generated pressure is used. ..
- the ink subjected to the action of heat energy causes a rapid volume change, and the ink is ejected from the nozzle by the acting force due to this state change.
- the inkjet recording method for ejecting can be effectively used.
- the inkjet head used in the inkjet recording method a short serial head is used, and a shuttle method in which recording is performed while scanning the head in the width direction of the base material and a recording element are arranged corresponding to the entire area of one side of the base material.
- a line method using a line head that has been used can be mentioned.
- a pattern can be formed on the entire surface of the base material by scanning the base material in a direction intersecting the arrangement direction of the recording elements, and a transport system such as a carriage that scans a short head becomes unnecessary.
- the movement of the carriage and the complicated scanning control with the base material are not required, and only the base material moves, so that the recording speed can be increased compared to the shuttle method.
- the amount of the insulating ink ejected from the inkjet head is preferably 1 pL (picolitre) to 100 pL, more preferably 3 pL to 80 pL, and even more preferably 3 pL to 20 pL.
- the insulating ink of the present disclosure it is preferable to apply the insulating ink of the present disclosure to the substrate and then irradiate the substrate with active energy rays.
- UV ultraviolet rays
- visible rays examples of the active energy ray
- electron beams examples of the active energy ray
- UV ultraviolet rays
- the peak wavelength of ultraviolet rays is preferably 200 nm to 405 nm, more preferably 250 nm to 400 nm, and even more preferably 300 nm to 400 nm. It was
- the exposure amount in the irradiation of the active energy rays is preferably 100 mJ / cm 2 to 5000 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 300 mJ / cm 2 to 1500 mJ / cm 2 .
- Mercury lamps, gas lasers and solid-state lasers are mainly used as light sources for ultraviolet irradiation, and mercury lamps, metal halide lamps and ultraviolet fluorescent lamps are widely known.
- UV-LED light emitting diode
- UV-LD laser diode
- the light source for ultraviolet irradiation is preferably a metal halide lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a medium-pressure mercury lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, or a UV-LED.
- the step of obtaining the insulating layer it is preferable to repeat the step of applying the insulating ink and irradiating the active energy ray twice or more in order to obtain the insulating layer having a desired thickness.
- the thickness of the insulating layer is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 5000 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m.
- the method of applying the conductive ink on the insulating layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known methods such as a coating method, an inkjet recording method, and a dipping method. Above all, it is preferable to apply the conductive ink by using an inkjet recording method from the viewpoint that the thickness of the conductive ink film formed by applying a small amount of droplets once can be reduced.
- the details of the inkjet recording method are as described above.
- the temperature of the base material when the conductive ink is applied is preferably 20 ° C to 120 ° C, more preferably 40 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the conductive ink After applying the conductive ink on the insulating layer, it is preferable to cure the conductive ink using heat or light.
- the firing temperature is 250 ° C. or lower and the firing time is 1 minute to 120 minutes.
- the firing temperature and firing time are within the above ranges, damage to the base material is suppressed.
- the firing temperature is more preferably 80 ° C to 250 ° C, and even more preferably 100 ° C to 200 ° C. Further, the firing time is more preferably 1 minute to 60 minutes.
- the firing method is not particularly limited, and can be usually performed by a known method.
- the time from the time when the application of the conductive ink is completed to the time when the firing is started is 60 seconds or less.
- the lower limit of the time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 20 seconds.
- the conductivity is improved.
- the "time when the application of the conductive ink is completed" means the time when all the ink droplets of the conductive ink land on the insulating layer.
- examples of light include ultraviolet rays and infrared rays. It was
- the peak wavelength of ultraviolet rays is preferably 200 nm to 405 nm, more preferably 250 nm to 400 nm, and even more preferably 300 nm to 400 nm.
- the exposure amount in the irradiation of light is preferably 100 mJ / cm 2 to 10000 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 500 mJ / cm 2 to 7500 mJ / cm 2 .
- the step of obtaining the conductive layer in order to obtain a conductive layer having a desired thickness, it is preferable to repeat the step of applying the conductive ink twice or more, and the step of applying the conductive ink and curing the conductive ink twice or more. It is more preferable to repeat. Further, by repeating the step of applying the conductive ink two or more times, the conductive layer becomes dense and the conductivity is improved.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the thickness of the conductive layer to the thickness of the insulating layer is less than 0.5. ..
- the ratio of the thickness of the conductive layer to the thickness of the insulating layer is less than 0.5. ..
- the above ratio is more preferably less than 0.2 from the viewpoint of further improving the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer.
- the lower limit of the above ratio is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.01.
- the laminate of the present disclosure includes a base material, an insulating layer provided on the base material, and a conductive layer provided on the insulating layer.
- the insulating layer is a cured product of the insulating ink of the present disclosure.
- the conductive layer is a cured product of the conductive ink of the present disclosure.
- the laminate manufactured by using the ink set of the present disclosure is excellent in conductivity.
- Insulating ink 2 to insulation ink 22 Insulating ink except that the types and contents of polymerization initiators, sensitizers, polymerizable monomers (monofunctional polymerizable monomers and polyfunctional polymerizable monomers), and other components have been changed to those shown in Table 1. Insulating ink 2 to insulating ink 22 were prepared in the same manner as in 1.
- -TPO 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (product name "Omnirad TPO H", manufactured by IGM Resins B.V.)
- 4-PBZ 4-Phenylbenzophenone (product name "Omnirad 4-PBZ", manufactured by IGM)
- -Monofunctional polymerizable monomer- -CTFA Cyclic trimethylolpropaneformal acrylate (product name "SR-531", manufactured by Sartmer)
- -EOEOEA 2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acrylate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- -IBOA Isobornyl acrylate (product name "SR506", manufactured by Sartmer)
- -Polyfunctional polymerizable monomer- ⁇ HDDA 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- -NPGDA Neopentyl glycol diacrylate (product name "SR-248", manufactured by Sartmer)
- -EOTMPTA Trimethylolpropane EO-added triacrylate (product name "SR-415", manufactured by Sartmer)
- -Surfactant- TR2010 Polymerizable silicone surfactant (product name "TEGORAD2010", manufactured by Evonik Industries, Ltd.)
- Table 1 shows the types and contents (mass%) of each component contained in the insulating ink 1 to the insulating ink 22.
- the insulating ink 21 contains 20.0% by mass of the chain transfer agent and 1.0% by mass of the polymerization inhibitor.
- ⁇ Preparation of conductive ink 1> To a 300 mL three-necked flask, 25.1 g of 1-propanol, 20 g of silver acetate, and 5 g of formic acid were added, and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. The silver halide precipitate formed was decanted three times with 1-propanol and washed. To the precipitate, 14.4 g of 1-propylamine and 25.1 g of 1-propanol were added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Next, 10 g of water was added and further stirred to obtain a solution containing a silver complex. This solution was filtered using a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 ⁇ m to obtain conductive ink 1.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- ⁇ Preparation of conductive ink 2> To a 300 mL three-necked flask, 46 g of water, 20.0 g of silver acetate, 20 g of ethylenediamine, and 20 g of amylamine were added, and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. 4 g of formic acid was added to the obtained solution, and the mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a solution containing a silver complex. This solution was filtered using a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 ⁇ m to obtain conductive ink 2.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the conductive ink 3 was obtained in the same manner as the conductive ink 1 except that the type and amount of the complexing agent and the type and amount of the solvent were changed to those shown in Table 2.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- ⁇ Preparation of conductive ink 9> To a 200 mL three-necked flask, 25.0 g of silver neodecanoate, 35 g of xylene, and 30.0 g of terpineol were added and dissolved. Next, 10 g of tert-octylamine was added and stirred to obtain a solution containing a silver complex. The reaction was carried out at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain a uniform solution. This solution was filtered using a PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 ⁇ m to obtain a conductive ink 9.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the conductive ink 10 was obtained in the same manner as the conductive ink 9 except that the tert-octylamine in the conductive ink 9 was changed to amylamine.
- the conductive ink 11 was obtained in the same manner as the conductive ink 9 except that 1 g of tert-octylamine in the conductive ink 9 was changed to 0.5 g of amylamine and 0.5 g of octylamine.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the conductive ink 13 was obtained in the same manner as the conductive ink 3 except that the amount of the complexing agent and the amount of the reducing agent were changed to those shown in Table 2.
- a solution a in which 6.8 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (weight average molecular weight 3000, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 100 mL of water was prepared.
- a solution b in which 50.00 g of silver nitrate was dissolved in 200 mL of water was prepared.
- 78.71 g of an 85 mass% N, N-diethylhydroxylamine aqueous solution was added dropwise at room temperature to a mixture obtained by mixing and stirring solution a and solution b, and further, 6.8 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to 1000 mL of water.
- the solution dissolved in was slowly added dropwise at room temperature.
- the obtained suspension is passed through an ultrafiltration unit (Vivaflow 50 manufactured by Sartorius Stedim, molecular weight cut off: 100,000, number of units: 4) and purified until about 5 L of exudate is discharged from the ultrafiltration unit. Purified by passing water through. The supply of purified water was stopped and concentrated to obtain 30 g of silver particle dispersion liquid 1.
- the solid content in this dispersion is 50% by mass, and the silver content in the solid is measured by TG-DTA (differential thermal weight simultaneous measurement) (Hitachi High-Tech, Inc., model: STA7000 series). As a result, it was 96.0% by mass.
- the obtained silver particle dispersion 1 was diluted 20-fold with ion-exchanged water and measured using a particle size analyzer FPAR-1000 (manufactured by Otsuka Denshi Co., Ltd.) to determine the volume average particle size of the silver particles. rice field.
- the volumetric particle size of the silver particle dispersion 1 was 60 nm.
- To 10 g of the silver particle dispersion, 2 g of 2-propanol and 0.1 g of Orphine E-1010 (manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as a surfactant are added, and water is added so that the silver concentration becomes 40% by mass, and conductivity is obtained.
- Ink 14 was obtained.
- Table 2 shows the types and contents (mass%) of each component contained in the conductive inks 1 to 14.
- the form of the metal compound contained in the conductive ink is a metal complex, a metal salt, or a metal particle.
- the type of metal salt before forming the complex and the type of complexing agent are also described.
- Example 1 -Preparation of laminated body sample 1-
- a polyethylene terephthalate film product name "Viewful UV TP-100", manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd.
- the insulating ink 1 was filled in an ink cartridge (for 10 picolitres) for an inkjet recording device (product name "DMP-2850", manufactured by FUJIFILM DIMATIX).
- the image recording conditions were a resolution of 1270 dpi (dots per inch) and a droplet volume of 10 picolitres per dot.
- an ultraviolet lamp type irradiator product name "UV Spot Cure OmniCure S2000", manufactured by LumenDynamics
- the operation of exposing while recording an image on the substrate was repeated, and the images were laminated four times to record a solid image having a width of 10 cm, a length of 5 cm, and a thickness of 100 ⁇ m to form an insulating layer.
- the conductive ink 1 was filled in an ink cartridge (for 10 picolitres) for an inkjet recording device (product name "DMP-2850", manufactured by FUJIFILM DIMATIX).
- the image recording conditions were a resolution of 1270 dpi (dots per inch) and a droplet amount of 6 picolitres per dot.
- the base material on which the insulating layer was formed was preheated to 50 ° C.
- a solid image was recorded on a substrate at 50 ° C. so as to overlap the solid image. After 10 seconds had passed from the time when the last ink droplet landed on the substrate, the solid image was heated at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes using a hot plate. This operation was repeated four times to obtain a laminated body sample 1 in which a conductive layer having a metallic luster and a thickness of 1.0 ⁇ m was formed on the insulating layer.
- Examples 2 to 7, Examples 9 to 32, Comparative Example 1 The laminated body sample 1 and the laminated body sample 2 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types of the insulating ink and the conductive ink were changed to those shown in Table 3.
- Example 8 and Comparative Example 2 Except for changing the types of insulating ink and conductive ink to those shown in Table 3 and changing the heating temperature of the solid image recorded using the conductive ink from 120 ° C to 150 ° C, the same as in Example 1.
- the laminated body sample 1 and the laminated body sample 2 were prepared in the same manner.
- ⁇ Conductivity> For the conductive layer in the laminated body sample 1, a resistivity meter (trade name "Lorester GP", manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytec Co., Ltd.) was used, and the surface resistivity [ ⁇ / ⁇ ] was measured at room temperature (23 ° C) by the 4-terminal method. It was measured.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. Rank 2 or higher is a level at which there is no practical problem. 5: The surface resistivity is less than 100 m ⁇ / ⁇ . 4: The surface resistivity is 100 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more and less than 250 m ⁇ / ⁇ . 3: The surface resistivity is 250 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more and less than 500 m ⁇ / ⁇ . 2: The surface resistivity is 500 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more and less than 1 ⁇ / ⁇ . 1: The surface resistivity is 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or more.
- Adhesion A ⁇ Adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer
- Adhesion A ⁇ Adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer
- the obtained tape piece was placed on the conductive layer of the laminated body sample 1, and a region having a width of 12 mm and a length of 25 mm at the center of the tape piece was attached with a finger and rubbed firmly with a fingertip. After attaching the tape piece, the end of the tape piece was grasped and peeled off at an angle as close to 60 ° as possible in 0.5 seconds to 1.0 seconds. The presence or absence of deposits on the peeled tape piece and the presence or absence of peeling of the conductive layer in the laminated body sample 1 were visually observed.
- the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation criteria are as follows. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
- Adhesion B ⁇ Adhesion between the base material and the insulating layer (“Adhesion B” in the table)>
- Adhesion B Adhesion B
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. 5: No deposits were observed on the tape piece, and no peeling was observed between the base material and the insulating layer. 4: Some deposits were observed on the tape piece, but no peeling was observed between the base material and the insulating layer. 3: Some deposits are observed on the tape piece, and peeling between the base material and the insulating layer is observed, but it is within a practically acceptable range.
- 1 Adhesion is observed on the tape piece, and the space between the base material and the insulating layer is almost peeled off, and the base material is visually recognized.
- ⁇ Homogeneity of conductive layer (uniformity" in the table)>
- a resistivity meter (trade name "Lorester GP", manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) was used, and the surface resistivity [ ⁇ / ⁇ ] was set to room temperature (23 ° C) by the 4-terminal method. Measured below.
- the surface resistivity was measured at any eight points of the conductive layer, and the standard deviation was calculated. When the standard deviation was 150 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more, the surface of the conductive layer was visually observed to determine the presence or absence of unevenness.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. Rank 2 or higher is a level at which there is no practical problem.
- the standard deviation is less than 50 m ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the standard deviation is 50 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more and less than 150 m ⁇ / ⁇ .
- 3 The standard deviation is 150 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more, and unevenness cannot be confirmed on the surface.
- the standard deviation is 150 m ⁇ / ⁇ or more, and unevenness can be confirmed on the surface.
- the conductive layer is not uniform and it is difficult to measure the surface resistivity.
- Table 3 shows the types of insulating inks, the types and contents of polymerization initiators contained in insulating inks, the content of N-vinyl compounds contained in insulating inks, and the polyfunctional ratios.
- the polyfunctional ratio means the ratio of the polyfunctional polymerizable monomer to the polymerizable monomer contained in the insulating ink.
- the conductive ink the type of the conductive ink and the contact angle on the insulating layer are described.
- ratio of the mass of the polymerization initiator to the total mass of the carboxylic acid and the amine means the ratio of the mass of the polymerization initiator contained in the insulating ink to the total mass of the carboxylic acid and the amine in the conductive ink. ..
- the insulating ink contains at least one polymerization initiator and polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of an oxime compound, an alkylphenone compound, and a titanosen compound. Since the conductive ink contains at least one of a metal complex and a metal salt, it has been found that a laminate having excellent conductivity can be obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 since the insulating ink does not contain at least one polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of an oxime compound, an alkylphenone compound, and a titanocene compound, the obtained laminate is inferior in conductivity. It turned out.
- Comparative Example 2 it was found that the obtained laminate was inferior in conductivity because the conductive ink did not contain at least one of the metal complex and the metal salt.
- Example 7 since the insulating ink contains an alkylphenone compound as a polymerization initiator, the obtained laminate has conductivity and adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer as compared with Examples 17 and 18. It turned out to be excellent.
- Example 7 Example 15 and Example 16, since the insulating ink contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone compound and a benzylketal alkylphenone compound as a polymerization initiator, Example 19 It was found that the obtained laminate was excellent in conductivity.
- Example 7 the content of at least one polymerization initiator selected from the group consisting of the oxime compound, the alkylphenone compound, and the titanosen compound is 2% by mass to 10% by mass, and the above content is 10% by mass. It was found that the obtained laminate was excellent in conductivity and adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer as compared with Example 26, which was more than%. Further, in Example 7, as compared with Example 25 in which the content is less than 2% by mass, the obtained laminate has conductivity, adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer, and insulation with the base material. It was found that the adhesion with the layer was excellent.
- Example 7 the ratio of the polyfunctional polymerizable monomer to the polymerizable monomer is 50% by mass or less, and the obtained laminate has a base material and an insulating layer as compared with Examples 28 and 29. It was found that the adhesion was excellent.
- Example 7 the insulating ink contains an N-vinyl compound, and as compared with Example 30, the obtained laminate has conductivity, adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer, and a base material. It was found that the adhesion with the insulating layer was excellent.
- Example 7 the contact angle of the conductive ink on the insulating layer was 60 ° or less, and it was found that the obtained laminate had high uniformity of the conductive layer as compared with Example 31.
- Example 1 the ratio of the mass of the polymerization initiator contained in the insulating ink to the total mass of the carboxylic acid and the amine in the conductive ink is 0.06 to 0.5, and the above ratio is less than 0.06. It was found that the obtained laminate was excellent in adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer as compared with Example 13.
- Example 1 the ratio of the mass of the polymerization initiator contained in the insulating ink to the total mass of the carboxylic acid and the amine in the conductive ink is 0.06 to 0.5, and the above ratio is more than 0.5. It was found that the obtained laminate was excellent in conductivity as compared with Example 14.
- the conductive ink was cured by using heat in the production of the laminated body sample 1, but an example in which the conductive ink was cured by using light is shown below.
- Example 33 Preparation of laminated sample 3- An insulating layer was formed on the substrate by using the insulating ink 1 in the same manner as in the preparation of the laminated body sample 1.
- the conductive ink 3 was filled in an ink cartridge (for 10 picolitres) for an inkjet recording device (product name "DMP-2850", manufactured by FUJIFILM DIMATIX).
- the image recording conditions were a resolution of 1270 dpi (dots per inch) and a droplet amount of 10 picolitres per dot.
- the base material on which the insulating layer was formed was preheated to 50 ° C. A solid image was recorded on a substrate at 50 ° C. so as to overlap the solid image.
- the conductive ink 3 was filled in an ink cartridge (for 10 picolitres) for an inkjet recording device (product name "DMP-2850", manufactured by FUJIFILM DIMATIX).
- the image recording conditions were a resolution of 1270 dpi (dots per inch) and a droplet volume of 10 picolitres per dot.
- An ultraviolet lamp type irradiator (product name "UV Spot Cure OmniCure S2000", manufactured by LumenDynamics) was prepared next to the inkjet head, and the illuminance was adjusted to 10 W / cm 2 .
- the base material on which the insulating ink layer was formed was preheated to 50 ° C. A solid image was recorded on a substrate at 50 ° C.
- the conductivity, the adhesion between the insulating layer and the conductive layer, the adhesion between the base material and the insulating layer, and the uniformity of the conductive layer were evaluated.
- the evaluation method is the same as above.
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明の他の実施形態によれば、導電性に優れる積層体及び積層体の製造方法が提供される。
<1>オキシム化合物、アルキルフェノン化合物、及びチタノセン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の重合開始剤及び重合性モノマーを含む絶縁インクと、金属錯体及び金属塩のうち少なくとも一方を含む導電インクと、を含有するインクセット。
<2>重合開始剤は、アルキルフェノン化合物である、<1>に記載のインクセット。
<3>重合開始剤は、α-アミノアルキルフェノン化合物及びベンジルケタールアルキルフェノン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、<1>又は<2>に記載のインクセット。
<4>重合開始剤の含有量は、絶縁インクの全量に対して2質量%~10質量%である<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセット。
<5>重合性モノマーに占める多官能重合性モノマーの割合が50質量%以下である、<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセット。
<6>絶縁インクは、N-ビニル化合物を含む、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセット。
<7>絶縁インクによって形成される絶縁層上における導電インクの接触角は60°以下である、<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセット。
<8>金属錯体は、アンモニウムカルバメート系化合物、アンモニウムカーボネート系化合物、アミン、及び炭素数8~20のカルボン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に由来する構造を有する金属錯体であり、金属塩は、金属カルボン酸塩である、<1>~<7>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセット。
<9>絶縁インクと導電インクを同質量としたとき、導電インク中におけるカルボン酸とアミンの合計質量に対する、絶縁インクに含まれる重合開始剤の質量の比率が0.06~0.5である、<1>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセット。
<10>プリント基板に用いられる、<1>~<9>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセット。
<11><1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセットが用いられ、基材上に、絶縁インクを付与して絶縁層を得る工程と、絶縁層上に、導電インクを付与して導電層を得る工程と、を含む積層体の製造方法。
<12>絶縁層の厚さに対する導電層の厚さの比率を0.5未満とする、<11>に記載の積層体の製造方法。
<13>導電層を得る工程では、導電インクを付与した後、熱又は光を用いて、導電インクを硬化させる、<11>又は<12>に記載の積層体の製造方法。
<14>導電層を得る工程では、導電インクを付与する工程を2回以上繰り返す、<11>~<13>のいずれか1つに記載の積層体の製造方法。
<15><1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載のインクセットが用いられ、基材と、基材上に設けられた絶縁インクの硬化物である絶縁層と、絶縁層上に設けられた導電インクの硬化物である導電層と、を含む積層体。
また、本発明の他の実施形態によれば、導電性に優れる積層体及び積層体の製造方法が提供される。
本明細書に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、ある数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、他の段階的な記載の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値に置き換えてもよい。また、本明細書に記載されている数値範囲において、ある数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。
本明細書において、2以上の好ましい態様の組み合わせは、より好ましい態様である。
本明細書において、「工程」という語は、独立した工程だけでなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であっても、その工程の所期の目的が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本開示のインクセットは、オキシム化合物、アルキルフェノン化合物、及びチタノセン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の重合開始剤及び重合性モノマーを含む絶縁インクと、金属錯体及び金属塩のうち少なくとも一方を含む導電インクと、を含有する。本開示のインクセットを用いることにより、導電性に優れる積層体を得ることができる。この理由は、以下のように推定される。
本開示のインクセットにおいて、絶縁インクは、オキシム化合物、アルキルフェノン化合物、及びチタノセン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の重合開始剤及び重合性モノマーを含む。
絶縁インクは、オキシム化合物、アルキルフェノン化合物、及びチタノセン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の重合開始剤を含む。
絶縁インクは、少なくとも1種の重合性モノマーを含む。
単官能重合性モノマーは、重合性基を1つ有するモノマーであれば特に限定されない。単官能重合性モノマーは、硬化性の観点から、単官能のラジカル重合性モノマーであることが好ましく、単官能エチレン性不飽和モノマーであることがより好ましい。
多官能重合性化合物は、重合性基を2つ以上有するモノマーであれば特に限定されない。多官能重合性化合物は、硬化性の観点から、多官能のラジカル重合性モノマーであることが好ましく、多官能エチレン性不飽和モノマーであることがより好ましい。
絶縁インクは、少なくとも1種の増感剤を含有してもよい。
絶縁性保護層形成用インクは、少なくとも1種の連鎖移動剤を含有してもよい。
連鎖移動剤は、光重合反応の反応性を向上させる観点から、多官能チオールであることが好ましい。
エチレングリコールビス(メルカプトアセテート)、ポリエチレングリコールビス(メルカプトアセテート)、プロピレングリコールビス(メルカプトアセテート)、グリセリントリス(メルカプトアセテート)、トリメチロールエタントリス(メルカプトアセテート)、トリメチロールプロパントリス(メルカプトアセテート)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(メルカプトアセテート)、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサキス(メルカプトアセテート)等の多価アルコールのポリ(メルカプトアセテート);
エチレングリコールビス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)、ポリエチレングリコールビス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)、プロピレングリコールビス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)、グリセリントリス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)、トリメチロールエタントリス(メルカプトプロピオネート)、トリメチロールプロパントリス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサキス(3-メルカプトプロピオネート)等の多価アルコールのポリ(3-メルカプトプロピオネート);及び、
1,4-ビス(3-メルカプトブチリルオキシ)ブタン、1,3,5-トリス(3-メルカプトブチルオキシエチル)-1,3,5-トリアジン-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-トリオン、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(3-メルカプトブチレート)等のポリ(メルカプトブチレート)が挙げられる。
絶縁インクは、少なくとも1種の界面活性剤を含有してもよい。
絶縁インクは、少なくとも1種の有機溶剤を含有してもよい。
エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジエチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等の(ポリ)アルキレングリコールジアルキルエーテル類;
ジエチレングリコールアセテート等の(ポリ)アルキレングリコールアセテート類;
エチレングリコールジアセテート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート等の(ポリ)アルキレングリコールジアセテート類;
エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等の(ポリ)アルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルアセテート類、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン等のケトン類;
γ-ブチロラクトン等のラクトン類;
酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸3-メトキシブチル(MBA)、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル等のエステル類;
テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン等の環状エーテル類;及び
ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド類が挙げられる。
絶縁インクは、必要に応じて、共増感剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、褪色防止剤、塩基性化合物等の添加剤を含有してもよい。
絶縁インクのpHは、インクジェット記録方式を用いて付与する場合に吐出安定性を向上させる観点から、7~10であることが好ましく、7.5~9.5であることがより好ましい。pHは、pH計を用いて25℃で測定され、例えば、東亜DKK社製のpHメーター(型番「HM-31」)を用いて測定される。
本開示のインクセットにおいて、導電インクは、金属錯体及び金属塩のうち少なくとも一方を含む。
金属錯体を構成する金属としては、例えば、銀、銅、金、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、タングステン、モリブデン、亜鉛、ニッケル、鉄、白金、スズ、銅、及び鉛が挙げられる。中でも、導電性の観点から、金属錯体を構成する金属は、銀、金、白金、ニッケル、パラジウム及び銅からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましく、銀を含むことがより好ましい。
金属塩を構成する金属としては、例えば、銀、銅、金、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、タングステン、モリブデン、亜鉛、ニッケル、鉄、白金、スズ、銅、及び鉛が挙げられる。中でも、導電性の観点から、金属錯体を構成する金属は、銀、金、白金、ニッケル、パラジウム及び銅からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましく、銀を含むことがより好ましい。
導電インクは、溶媒を含有することが好ましい。溶媒は、金属錯体、金属塩等の導電インクに含まれる成分を溶解することができれば特に限定されない。溶媒は、製造容易性の観点から、沸点が30℃~300℃であることが好ましく、50℃~200℃であることがより好ましく、50℃~150℃であることがより好ましい。
金属塩インクに含まれる溶媒は、1種のみであってもよく、2種以上であってもよい。
芳香族炭化水素としては、例えば、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、プロピルベンゼン、イソプロピルベンゼン、ブチルベンゼン、イソブチルベンゼン、t-ブチルベンゼン、トリメチルベンゼン、ペンチルベンゼン、ヘキシルベンゼン、テトラリン、ベンジルアルコール、フェノール、クレゾール、安息香酸メチル、安息香酸エチル、安息香酸プロピル、及び安息香酸ブチルが挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素における芳香族環の数は、他成分との相溶性の観点から、1つ又は2つが好ましく、1つがより好ましい。
芳香族炭化水素の沸点は、製造容易性の観点から、50℃~300℃であることが好ましく、60℃~250℃であることがより好ましく、80℃~200℃であることがより好ましい。
芳香族炭化水素以外の炭化水素としては、炭素数6~20の直鎖状炭化水素、炭素数6~20の分枝状炭化水素、炭素数6~20の脂環式炭化水素が挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素以外の炭化水素としては、例えば、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、ノナン、デカン、ウンデカン、ドデカン、トリデカン、テトラデカン、ペンタデカン、ヘキサデカン、オクタデカン、ノナデカン、デカリン、シクロヘキサン、シクロヘプタン、シクロオクタン、シクロノナン、シクロデカン、デセン、テルペン系化合物及びイコサンが挙げられる。
芳香族炭化水素以外の炭化水素は不飽和結合を含むことが好ましい。
不飽和結合を含む芳香族炭化水素以外の炭化水素としては、テルペン系化合物が挙げられる。
テルペン系化合物は、テルペン系化合物を構成するイソプレン単位の数に応じ、例えば、ヘミテルペン、モノテルペン、セスキテルペン、ジテルペン、セステルテルペン、トリテルペン、セスクアルテルペン、及びテトラテルペンに分類される。
溶媒としてのテルペン系化合物は、上記のいずれでもよいが、モノテルペンが好ましい。
モノテルペンとしては、例えば、ピネン(α-ピネン、β-ピネン)、テルピネオール(α-テルピネオール、β-テルピネオール、γ-テルピネオール)、ミルセン、カンフェン、リモネン(d-リモネン、l-リモネン、ジペンテン)、オシメン(α-オシメン、β-オシメン)、アロオシメン、フェランドレン(α-フェランドレン、β-フェランドレン)、テルピネン(α-テルピネン、γ-テルピネン)、テルピノーレン(α-テルピノーレン、β-テルピノーレン、γ-テルピノーレン、δ-テルピノーレン)、1,8-シネオール、1,4-シネオール、サビネン、パラメンタジエン、カレン(δ-3-カレン)が挙げられる。
モノテルペンとしては、環式モノテルペンが好ましく、ピネン、テルピネオール、又はカレンがより好ましい。
導電インクは、還元剤を含有していてもよい。導電インクに還元剤が含まれていると、金属錯体及び金属塩のうち少なくとも一方から金属への還元が促進される。
導電インクは、樹脂を含有していてもよい。導電インクに樹脂が含まれていると、導電インクの基材への密着性が向上する。
導電インクは、本開示の効果を損なわない範囲で、さらに、無機塩、有機塩、シリカ等の無機酸化物;表面調整剤、湿潤剤、架橋剤、酸化防止剤、防錆剤、耐熱安定剤、界面活性剤、可塑剤、硬化剤、増粘剤、シランカップリング剤等の添加剤を含有してもよい。導電インク中、添加剤の合計含有量は、導電インクの全量に対して、20質量%以下であることが好ましい。
導電インクのpHは、インクジェット記録方式を用いて付与する場合に吐出安定性を向上させる観点から、7~11.5であることが好ましく、7.5~11であることがより好ましい。pHは、pH計を用いて25℃で測定され、例えば、東亜DKK社製のpHメーター(型番「HM-31」)を用いて測定される。
まず、基材上に絶縁インクを付与し、活性エネルギー線を照射して絶縁層を形成する。形成された絶縁層上に導電インクを滴下し、接触角計を用いて25℃で測定される。接触角は、例えば、接触角計(製品名「Drop master 500」、協和界面科学社製」)を用いて測定される。
本開示のインクセットは、プリント基板に用いられることが好ましい。すなわち、本開示のインクセットは、プリント基板用インクセットであることが好ましい。
本開示の積層体の製造方法は、基材上に、本開示の絶縁インクを付与して絶縁層を得る工程と、絶縁層上に、本開示の導電インクを付与して導電層を得る工程と、を含む。
基材の材質は特に限定されず、目的に応じて選択することができる。具体的には、基材の材質としては、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンナフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、アクリル樹脂、AS樹脂(アクリロニトリルスチレン樹脂)、ABS樹脂(アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体)、トリアセチルセルロース、ポリアミド、ポリアセタール、ポリフェニレンスルファイド、ポリスルホン、エポキシ樹脂、ガラスエポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、尿素樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ポリ乳酸、等の合成樹脂;銅、鋼、アルミニウム、シリコン、ソーダガラス、無アルカリガラス、酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)等の無機材料;及び、原紙、アート紙、コート紙、キャストコート紙、レジンコート紙、合成紙等の紙類が挙げられる。また、基材は1層であってもよく、2層以上であってもよい。基材が2層以上である場合、材質の異なる2種以上の基材を積層させてもよい。
絶縁層上に、導電インクを付与する方法は特に限定されず、例えば、塗布法、インクジェット記録方式、浸漬法等の公知の方法が挙げられる。中でも、少量を打滴して1回の付与によって形成される導電インク膜の厚さを薄くできる観点から、インクジェット記録方式を用いて、導電インクを付与することが好ましい。インクジェット記録方式の詳細は上記のとおりである。
本開示の積層体は、基材と、基材上に設けられた絶縁層と、絶縁層上に設けられた導電層と、を含む。絶縁層は、本開示の絶縁インクの硬化物である。導電層は、本開示の導電インクの硬化物である。本開示のインクセットを用いて製造される積層体は、導電性に優れる。
下記成分を混合し、混合物を、ミキサー(製品名「L4R」、シルバーソン社製)を用いて、25℃で5000回転/分の条件で20分間撹拌し、絶縁インクを得た。
・Omni.379:2-(ジメチルアミノ)-2-(4-メチルベンジル)-1-(4-モルホリノフェニル)-ブタン-1-オン(製品名「Omnirad 379」、IGM Resins B.V.社製)…4.0質量%
・ITX:2-イソプロピルチオキサントン(製品名「SPEEDCURE ITX」、LAMBSON社製)…2.0質量%
・PEA:フェノキシエチルアクリレート(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)…49.0質量%
・NVC:N-ビニルカプロラクタム(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)…22.0質量%
・TMPTA:トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)…23.0質量%
重合開始剤、増感剤、重合性モノマー(単官能重合性モノマー及び多官能重合性モノマー)、及び他の成分の種類及び含有量を表1に記載のものに変更したこと以外は、絶縁インク1と同様の方法で、絶縁インク2~絶縁インク22を調製した。
・Omni.907:2-メチル-1-[4-(メチルチオ)フェニル]-2-モルホリノプロパン-1-オン(製品名「Omnirad 907」、IGM Resins B.V.社製)
・Omni.651:2,2-ジメトキシ-2-フェニルアセトフェノン(製品名「Omnirad 651」、IGM Resins B.V.社製)
・OXE01:1-[4-(フェニルチオ)フェニル]-1,2-オクタンジオン-2-(O-ベンゾイルオキシム)(製品名「Irgacure OXE01」、BASFジャバン社製)
・Irg.784:ジ‐η(5)‐シクロペンタジエニルビス[2,6‐ジフルオロ‐3‐(ピロール‐1‐イル)フェニル]チタン(IV)(製品名「Irgacure 784」、BASF社製)
・Omni.127:2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-2,2’-ジメチル-1,1’-[メチレンビス(4,1-フェニレン)]ビス(プロパン-1-オン)(製品名「Omnirad 127、IGM Resins B.V.社製)
・TPO:2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイルジフェニルホスフィンオキシド(製品名「Omnirad TPO H」、IGM Resins B.V.社製)
・4-PBZ:4-フェニルベンゾフェノン(製品名「Omnirad 4-PBZ」、IGM社製)
・CTFA:環状トリメチロールプロパンホルマールアクリレート(製品名「SR-531」、サートマー社製)
・EOEOEA:アクリル酸2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチル(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)
・IBOA:イソボルニルアクリレート(製品名「SR506」、サートマー社製)
・HDDA:1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)
・NPGDA:ネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート(製品名「SR-248」、サートマー社製)
・EOTMPTA:トリメチロールプロパンEO付加トリアクリレート(製品名「SR-415」、サートマー社製)
・TR2010:重合性シリコーン界面活性剤(製品名「TEGORAD2010」、エボニック社製)
・ペンタエリスリトール テトラキス(3-メルカプトブチレート)製品名「カレンズ MT-PE1」
・MEHQ:p-メトキシフェノール(富士フイルム和光純薬社製)
300mLの3口フラスコに、1-プロパノール25.1g、酢酸銀20g、及びギ酸5gを加え、20分間撹拌した。生成した銀塩の沈殿物を、1-プロパノールを用いて3回デカンテーションを行い、洗浄した。沈殿物に、1-プロピルアミン14.4g、及び1-プロパノール25.1gを加え、30分間撹拌した。次に、水10gを加え、さらに撹拌し、銀錯体を含む溶液を得た。この溶液を、孔径0.45μmのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)製メンブレンフィルターを使用してろ過し、導電インク1を得た。
300mLの3口フラスコに、水46g、酢酸銀20.0g、エチレンジアミン20g、及びアミルアミン20gを加え、20分間撹拌した。得られた溶液にギ酸4gを加え、さらに30分間撹拌し銀錯体を含む溶液を得た。この溶液を、孔径0.45μmのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)製メンブレンフィルターを使用してろ過し、導電インク2を得た。
導電インク1において、錯化剤の種類及び量、並びに、溶媒の種類及び量を表2に記載のものに変更したこと以外は、導電インク1と同様の方法で、導電インク3を得た。
脱水シュウ酸30gを350mLの水に溶解させ、シュウ酸水溶液を準備した。また、硝酸銀30gを120mLの水に溶解させ、硝酸銀水溶液を準備した。硝酸銀水溶液をシュウ酸水溶液に攪拌しながら滴下した。反応終了後、沈殿物であるシュウ酸銀を単離した。200mLの3口フラスコに、単離したシュウ酸銀18g及びエタノール36.50gを加えた。氷浴中、得られた懸濁液に36gのイソプロパノールアミンを10分かけて滴下した。オクチルアミン12.5gを加え、室温で2時間攪拌し、銀錯体を含む溶液を得た。上記錯体溶液98.8gにポリビニルピロリドン1.2gを加えた。この溶液を、孔径0.45μmのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)製メンブレンフィルターを使用してろ過し、導電インク4を得た。
導電インク4において、錯体を形成する前の金属塩の種類及び含有量、溶媒の種類及び含有量、並びに、還元剤の種類を表2に記載のものに変更したこと以外は、導電インク4と同様の方法で、導電インク5~導電インク7を得た。
200mLの3口フラスコに、ネオデカン酸銀40gを加えた。次に、トリメチルベンゼン30.0g、及びテルピネオール30.0gを加え、撹拌し、銀塩を含む溶液を得た。この溶液を、孔径0.45μmのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)製メンブレンフィルターを使用してろ過し、導電インク8を得た。
200mLの3口フラスコに、ネオデカン酸銀25.0g、キシレン35g、及びテルピネオール30.0gを加え、溶解させた。次に、tert-オクチルアミン10gを加え撹拌し、銀錯体を含む溶液を得た。常温で2時間反応させ、均一な溶液を得た。この溶液を、孔径0.45μmのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)製メンブレンフィルターを使用してろ過し、導電インク9を得た。
導電インク9におけるtert-オクチルアミンをアミルアミンに変更したこと以外は、導電インク9と同様の方法で、導電インク10を得た。
導電インク9におけるtert-オクチルアミン1gをアミルアミン0.5gとオクチルアミン0.5gに変更したこと以外は、導電インク9と同様の方法で、導電インク11を得た。
200mLの3口フラスコに、イソブチルアンモニウムカーボネート26.14g、及びイソプロピルアルコール64.0gを加え、溶解させた。次に、酸化銀9.0gを加え、常温で2時間反応させ、均一な溶液を得た。さらに、2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロピルアミン1.29gを加え、撹拌し、銀錯体を含む溶液を得た。この溶液を、孔径0.45μmのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)製メンブレンフィルターを使用してろ過し、導電インク12を得た。
導電インク3において、錯化剤の量、及び、還元剤の量を表2に記載のものに変更したこと以外は、導電インク3と同様の方法で、導電インク13を得た。
分散剤としてポリビニルピロリドン(重量平均分子量3000、シグマアルドリッチ社製)6.8gを水100mLに溶解させた溶液aを調製した。別途、硝酸銀50.00gを水200mLに溶解させた溶液bを調製した。溶液aと溶液bとを混合し、攪拌して得られた混合液に、85質量%N,N-ジエチルヒドロキシルアミン水溶液78.71gを室温で滴下し、さらに、ポリビニルピロリドン6.8gを水1000mLに溶解させた溶液を室温でゆっくり滴下した。得られた懸濁液を限外濾過ユニット(ザルトリウス・ステディム社製ビバフロー50、分画分子量:10万、ユニット数:4個)に通し、限外濾過ユニットから約5Lの滲出液が出るまで精製水を通過させて精製した。精製水の供給を止め、濃縮し、銀粒子分散液1を30g得た。この分散液中の固形分の含有量は50質量%であり、固形分中の銀の含有量をTG-DTA(示差熱熱重量同時測定)(日立ハイテク社製、モデル:STA7000シリーズ)により測定したところ、96.0質量%であった。得られた銀粒子分散液1を、イオン交換水を用いて20倍に希釈し、粒径アナライザーFPAR-1000(大塚電子社製)を用いて測定を行い、銀粒子の体積平均粒子径を求めた。銀粒子分散液1の体積粒径は60nmであった。
銀粒子分散液10gに2-プロパノール2g、界面活性剤としてオルフィンE-1010(日信化学工業社製)0.1gを添加し、銀濃度が40質量%になるように水を添加し、導電インク14を得た。
-錯化剤-
PA:1-プロピルアミン
EDA:エチレンジアミン
EA:エチルアミン
iPrOHA:イソプロパノールアミン
AA:アミルアミン
EtOHA:エタノールアミン
OA:オクチルアミン
2HMPA:2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチルプロピルアミン
tOA:t-オクチルアミン
IBAC:イソブチルアンモニウムカーボネート
-溶媒-
1PrOH:1-プロパノール
H2O:水
MeOH:メタノール
EtOH:エタノール
IPA:イソプロパノール
TO:テルピネオール
TMB:トリメチルベンゼン
XL:キシレン
-還元剤-
FA:ギ酸
-樹脂-
PVP:ポリビニルピロリドン
-積層体サンプル1の作製-
基材として、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(製品名「ビューフルUV TP-100」、きもと社製)を準備した。絶縁インク1を、インクジェット記録装置(製品名「DMP-2850」、FUJIFILM DIMATIX社製)用インクカートリッジ(10ピコリットル用)に充填した。画像記録条件は、解像度を1270dpi(dots per inch)、打滴量を1ドット当たり10ピコリットルとした。インクジェットヘッドの横に、紫外線ランプ式照射器(製品名「UVスポットキュア OmniCure S2000」、LumenDynamics社製)を準備した。基材上に画像を記録しながら露光するという操作を繰り返し行い、4回積層し、幅10cm、長さ5cm、厚さ100μmのベタ画像を記録し、絶縁層を形成した。
基材として、プリント基板を用いたこと以外は積層体サンプル1の作製方法と同様の方法で、絶縁インク1を用いて、基材上に幅2.5cm、長さ2.5cm、厚さ100μmのベタ画像を記録した。また、積層体サンプル1の作製方法と同様の方法で、導電インク1を用いて、絶縁層上に、金属光沢のある厚さ1.0μmの導電層が形成された積層体サンプル2を得た。
絶縁インク及び導電インクの種類を表3に記載のものに変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、積層体サンプル1及び積層体サンプル2を作製した。
絶縁インク及び導電インクの種類を表3に記載のものに変更し、かつ、導電インクを用いて記録されたベタ画像の加熱温度を120℃から150℃に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、積層体サンプル1及び積層体サンプル2を作製した。
積層体サンプル1を作製した際に、絶縁層上に導電インクを滴下し、接触角計(製品名「Drop master 500」、協和界面科学社製」)を用いて測定した。
積層体サンプル1における導電層について、抵抗率計(商品名「ロレスターGP」、三菱化学アナリテック社製)を用い、表面抵抗率[Ω/□]を4端子法により室温(23℃)下で測定した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。ランク2以上は、実用上問題ないレベルである。
5:表面抵抗率が100mΩ/□未満である。
4:表面抵抗率が100mΩ/□以上250mΩ/□未満である。
3:表面抵抗率が250mΩ/□以上500mΩ/□未満である。
2:表面抵抗率が500mΩ/□以上1Ω/□未満である。
1:表面抵抗率が1Ω/□以上である。
積層体サンプル1を作製後、25℃で1時間放置した。1時間経過後、積層体サンプル1の導電層上にセロテープ(登録商標、No.405、ニチバン社製、幅12mm、以下、単に「テープ」ともいう。)のテープ片を貼り付けた。次に、テープ片を画像から剥離することにより、絶縁層と導電層との密着性を評価した。
テープの貼り付け及び剥離は、具体的には、下記の方法により行った。
一定の速度でテープを取り出し、約75mmの長さにカットし、テープ片を得た。
得られたテープ片を積層体サンプル1の導電層上に重ね、テープ片の中央部の幅12mm、長さ25mmの領域を指で貼り付け、指先でしっかりこすった。
テープ片を貼り付けた後、テープ片の端をつかみ、できるだけ60°に近い角度で0.5秒~1.0秒で剥離した。
剥離したテープ片における付着物の有無と、積層体サンプル1における導電層の剥がれの有無と、を目視で観察した。下記評価基準に従い、絶縁層と導電層との密着性を評価した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。評価結果を表3に示す。
5:テープ片に付着物が認められず、導電層の剥がれも認められない。
4:テープ片に若干の付着物が認められたが、導電層の剥がれは認められない。
3:テープ片に若干の付着物が認められ、導電層に若干の剥がれが認められるが、実用上許容できる範囲内である。
2:テープ片に付着物が認められ、導電層に剥がれも認められ、実用上許容できる範囲を超えている。
1:テープ片に付着物が認められ、導電層がほとんど剥がれ、絶縁層が視認される。
積層体サンプル2を用いて、絶縁層と導電層との密着性の評価方法と同様の方法で、基材と絶縁層との密着性の評価を行った。評価基準は以下のとおりである。評価結果を表3に示す。
5:テープ片に付着物が認められず、基材と絶縁層との間における剥がれも認められない。
4:テープ片に若干の付着物が認められたが、基材と絶縁層との間における剥がれは認められない。
3:テープ片に若干の付着物が認められ、基材と絶縁層との間における剥がれが認められるが、実用上許容できる範囲内である。
2:テープ片に付着物が認められ、基材と絶縁層との間における剥がれも認められ、実用上許容できる範囲を超えている。
1:テープ片に付着物が認められ、基材と絶縁層との間がほとんど剥がれ、基材が視認される。
積層体サンプル1における導電性インク膜について、抵抗率計(商品名「ロレスターGP」、三菱化学アナリテック社製)を用い、表面抵抗率[Ω/□]を4端子法により室温(23℃)下で測定した。導電層の任意の8箇所において、表面抵抗率を測定し、標準偏差を算出した。また、標準偏差が150mΩ/□以上である場合には、導電層の表面を目視で観察し、ムラの有無を判定した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。ランク2以上は、実用上問題ないレベルである。
5:標準偏差が50mΩ/□未満である。
4:標準偏差が50mΩ/□以上150mΩ/□未満である。
3:標準偏差が150mΩ/□以上であり、表面にムラが確認できない。
2:標準偏差は150mΩ/□以上であり、表面にムラが確認できる。
1:導電層が均一でなく、表面抵抗率を測定するのが困難である。
-積層体サンプル3の作製-
積層体サンプル1の作製と同様の方法で、絶縁インク1を用いて、基材上に絶縁層を形成した。
積層体サンプル1の作製と同様の方法で、絶縁インク1を用いて、基材上に絶縁層を形成した。
Claims (15)
- オキシム化合物、アルキルフェノン化合物、及びチタノセン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の重合開始剤及び重合性モノマーを含む絶縁インクと、
金属錯体及び金属塩のうち少なくとも一方を含む導電インクと、を含有するインクセット。 - 前記重合開始剤は、アルキルフェノン化合物である、請求項1に記載のインクセット。
- 前記重合開始剤は、α-アミノアルキルフェノン化合物及びベンジルケタールアルキルフェノン化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のインクセット。
- 前記重合開始剤の含有量は、前記絶縁インクの全量に対して2質量%~10質量%である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のインクセット。
- 前記重合性モノマーに占める多官能重合性モノマーの割合が50質量%以下である、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のインクセット。
- 前記絶縁インクは、N-ビニル化合物を含む、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のインクセット。
- 前記絶縁インクによって形成される絶縁層上における前記導電インクの接触角は60°以下である、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のインクセット。
- 前記金属錯体は、アンモニウムカルバメート系化合物、アンモニウムカーボネート系化合物、アミン、及び炭素数8~20のカルボン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種に由来する構造を有する金属錯体であり、
前記金属塩は、金属カルボン酸塩である、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のインクセット。 - 前記絶縁インクと前記導電インクを同質量としたとき、
前記導電インク中におけるカルボン酸とアミンの合計質量に対する、前記絶縁インクに含まれる前記重合開始剤の質量の比率が0.06~0.5である、請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載のインクセット。 - プリント基板に用いられる、請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載のインクセット。
- 請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のインクセットが用いられ、
基材上に、前記絶縁インクを付与して絶縁層を得る工程と、
前記絶縁層上に、前記導電インクを付与して導電層を得る工程と、を含む積層体の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁層の厚さに対する前記導電層の厚さの比率を0.5未満とする、請求項11に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記導電層を得る工程では、前記導電インクを付与した後、熱又は光を用いて、前記導電インクを硬化させる、請求項11又は請求項12に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 前記導電層を得る工程では、前記導電インクを付与する工程を2回以上繰り返す、請求項11~請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の積層体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のインクセットが用いられ、
基材と、
前記基材上に設けられた前記絶縁インクの硬化物である絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層上に設けられた前記導電インクの硬化物である導電層と、を含む積層体。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2022070593A1 (ja) | 2022-04-07 |
| EP4223846A1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
| US20230250307A1 (en) | 2023-08-10 |
| EP4223846A4 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
| CN116601246B (zh) | 2024-09-17 |
| JP7558291B2 (ja) | 2024-09-30 |
| CN116601246A (zh) | 2023-08-15 |
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