WO2021246478A1 - 樹脂組成物及びその製造方法並びにパターン形成用組成物の製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物及びその製造方法並びにパターン形成用組成物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021246478A1 WO2021246478A1 PCT/JP2021/021166 JP2021021166W WO2021246478A1 WO 2021246478 A1 WO2021246478 A1 WO 2021246478A1 JP 2021021166 W JP2021021166 W JP 2021021166W WO 2021246478 A1 WO2021246478 A1 WO 2021246478A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/22—Polybenzoxazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin composition, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a pattern-forming composition.
- a resin having a polymerizable group has been synthesized in an organic solvent to obtain a synthetic reaction solution containing the resin having a polymerizable group.
- the resin is used in the form of a powdery, granular or pellet-shaped resin composition containing the resin and the organic solvent by removing a part of the organic solvent from the synthetic reaction solution by drying.
- a method of redissolving the resin composition in a solvent may be performed.
- Patent Document 1 includes a reflector, a lead frame embedded in the reflector, a recess, and a base in which a part of the lead frame is exposed on the bottom surface of the recess.
- the reflector is a silica powder having an average particle size of 9 to 25 ⁇ m and a proportion of particles having a particle size of 6 ⁇ m or less of 25 to 40% by volume.
- Patent Document 2 describes a temperature-sensitive color-changing resin composition comprising a microcapsule containing a reversible heat-coloring material, an ultraviolet absorber, and an antioxidant in a resin.
- a powdery, granular or pellet-shaped resin composition containing a resin having a polymerizable group improvement in filterability when redissolved in a solvent is required.
- a pattern-forming composition prepared by redissolving the above resin composition it is required to be able to form a finer pattern.
- the ability of the pattern-forming composition to form a finer pattern is also referred to as "excellent in pattern-forming property".
- the present invention relates to a resin composition having excellent filterability when redissolved in a solvent and excellent pattern forming property when a pattern forming composition is prepared by redissolving, a method for producing the same, and a pattern forming composition.
- the purpose is to provide a manufacturing method.
- the content of the agent is 0.1% by mass to 10,000% by mass with respect to the content of the above resin.
- ⁇ 3> The resin composition according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the total content of the resin, the antioxidant, and the organic solvent with respect to the total mass of the resin composition is 95% by mass or more. thing.
- ⁇ 4> The resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the resin contains a polyimide precursor.
- ⁇ 5> The resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the resin contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2) or (3).
- Equation (2) Equation (3)
- a 1 and A 2 independently represent an oxygen atom or NH
- R 111 represents a divalent organic group
- R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group
- R 113 and R 114 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 121 represents a divalent organic group
- R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group
- R 123 and R 124 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. .. ⁇ 6>
- the antioxidant is at least selected from the group consisting of phenol-based compounds, alcohol-based compounds, aldehyde-based compounds, amine-based compounds, nitroso-based compounds, phosphorus-based compounds, sulfur-based compounds, and ketone-based compounds.
- the organic solvent is a hydrocarbon compound, an alcohol compound, a carboxylic acid, a ketone compound, an ester compound, an ether compound, a nitrile compound, an amide compound, an amine compound, a sulfone compound and a sulfoxide compound.
- a method for producing a resin composition which comprises an addition step of adding the antioxidant to the production composition containing the organic solvent and the resin.
- ⁇ 13> The method for producing a resin composition according to ⁇ 11> or ⁇ 12>, which comprises a re-settling step of re-settling the resin after the addition step.
- ⁇ 14> The method for producing a resin composition according to ⁇ 13>, wherein after the reprecipitation step, a drying step of removing the organic solvent is performed.
- a method for producing a pattern-forming composition which comprises a mixing step of mixing the resin composition according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10> with a solvent.
- ⁇ 16> The method for producing a pattern-forming composition according to ⁇ 15>, wherein the photosensitive agent is further mixed in the above mixing step.
- a resin composition excellent in filterability when redissolved in a solvent and pattern forming property when a pattern forming composition is prepared by redissolving, a method for producing the same, and a pattern forming composition is provided.
- the present invention is not limited to the specified embodiments.
- the numerical range represented by the symbol "-" means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value, respectively.
- the term "process” means not only an independent process but also a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes as long as the intended action of the process can be achieved.
- the notation not describing substitution and non-substitution also includes a group having a substituent (atomic group) as well as a group having no substituent (atomic group).
- the "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- exposure includes not only exposure using light but also exposure using particle beams such as electron beams and ion beams, unless otherwise specified. Examples of the light used for exposure include the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays typified by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light), X-rays, active rays such as electron beams, or radiation.
- (meth) acrylate means both “acrylate” and “methacrylate”, or either
- (meth) acrylic means both “acrylic” and “methacrylic", or.
- Any, and “(meth) acryloyl” means both “acryloyl” and “methacrylic”, or either.
- Me in the structural formula represents a methyl group
- Et represents an ethyl group
- Bu represents a butyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group.
- the total solid content means the total mass of all the components of the composition excluding the solvent.
- the solid content concentration is the mass percentage of other components excluding the solvent with respect to the total mass of the composition.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) are defined as polystyrene-equivalent values according to gel permeation chromatography (GPC measurement) unless otherwise specified.
- GPC measurement gel permeation chromatography
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) for example, HLC-8220GPC (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) is used, and guard columns HZ-L, TSKgel Super HZM-M, and TSKgel are used as columns. It can be obtained by using Super HZ4000, TSKgel Super HZ3000, and TSKgel Super HZ2000 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation).
- the direction in which the layers are stacked on the base material is referred to as "upper", or if there is a photosensitive layer, the direction from the base material to the photosensitive layer is referred to as “upper”.
- the opposite direction is referred to as "down”.
- the composition may contain, as each component contained in the composition, two or more compounds corresponding to the component.
- the content of each component in the composition means the total content of all the compounds corresponding to the component.
- the temperature is 23 ° C.
- the atmospheric pressure is 101,325 Pa (1 atm)
- the relative humidity is 50% RH.
- a combination of preferred embodiments is a more preferred embodiment.
- the resin composition of the present invention is at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and a polybenzoxazole precursor, and is a resin having a polymerizable group (hereinafter, also referred to as "specific resin”). ), Contains an antioxidant and an organic solvent, and the content of the antioxidant is 0.1% by mass to 10,000% by mass with respect to the content of the resin, and is in the form of powder. It is in the form of granules or pellets.
- the resin composition of the present invention is excellent in filterability when redissolved in a solvent and pattern-forming property when a pattern-forming composition is prepared.
- the mechanism by which the above effect is obtained is unknown, but it is presumed as follows.
- a powdery, granular or pellet-like composition containing a resin having a polymerizable group and an organic solvent
- the peroxide, powder, granule or pellet contained in the organic solvent is produced or stored.
- the polymerization of the polymerizable group contained in the resin having a polymerizable group may proceed due to the peroxide or the like generated from the powder or the pellet.
- the polymerization proceeds in the powdery, granular or pelletized composition, and therefore, when the powdery, granular or pelletized composition is redissolved in the solvent, filtration occurs. In some cases, the sex was reduced.
- the polyimide precursor or the polybenzoxazole precursor (particularly, the polyimide precursor) has low solubility in a solvent, and if the resin polymerization proceeds as described above, the composition after re-dissolution The filterability may be significantly reduced. Therefore, as a result of diligent studies by the present inventors, the filterability is improved by containing the antioxidant in the composition at a content of 0.1% by mass or more with respect to the content of the specific resin. I found. It is presumed that this is because if the antioxidant is 0.1% by mass or more, the polymerization of the above-mentioned polymerizable group is suppressed.
- the content of the antioxidant is set to 10,000 mass ppm or less with respect to the content of the resin. It has been found that even when a composition for pattern formation is prepared, the pattern forming property is excellent. It is presumed that this is because the content of the antioxidant is set within the above range to prevent the polymerization in the pattern-forming composition from being excessively suppressed.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not describe or suggest that the resin composition in the form of powder, granules or pellets contains the antioxidant in a specific content.
- the fact that the resin composition is in the form of powder means that the resin composition is fine solid particles and the average value of the length in the major axis direction is less than 30 ⁇ m.
- the fact that the resin composition is in the form of granules means that the resin composition is fine solid particles and the average value of the length in the major axis direction is 30 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less.
- the particulate resins may come into contact with each other to form an aggregate to form larger particles, or an aggregate containing the particulate resin may be formed.
- the fact that the resin composition is in the form of pellets means that the resin composition is molded in the form of a lump.
- the size of the pellet is not particularly limited, and the size may be determined according to the use of the resin composition.
- the components contained in the curable resin composition of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the resin composition of the present invention is at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor and a polybenzoxazole precursor, and contains a resin having a polymerizable group (specific resin).
- the polyimide precursor and the polybenzoxazole precursor are cyclized by, for example, heating or chemical treatment to become polyimide and polybenzoxazole, respectively. Since polyimide or polybenzoxazole is excellent in heat resistance, insulating property, etc., a pattern-forming composition obtained by redissolving the resin composition of the present invention in a solvent by containing a specific resin in the resin composition of the present invention.
- the thing can be applied to various uses.
- the application is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a semiconductor device for mounting as a material for an insulating film or a sealing material, or a protective film. It can also be used as a base film or a coverlay for a flexible substrate.
- Examples of the polymerizable group include known polymerizable groups such as a radically polymerizable group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group, and a radically polymerizable group is preferable.
- a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferable.
- Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a group having a vinyl group which may be substituted and directly bonded to an aromatic ring such as a vinyl group, an allyl group and a vinylphenyl group, a (meth) acrylamide group and a (meth) group. Examples thereof include an acryloyloxy group, and a (meth) acryloyloxy group is preferable.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains a polyimide precursor as a specific resin.
- the resin of the present invention preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the formula (2) or the formula (3) described later, and more preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the formula (2).
- the polyimide precursor used in the present invention is not particularly specified, such as its type, but preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (2). Further, the polyimide precursor used in the present invention has a polymerizable group. The polymerizable group may be contained in the repeating unit represented by the following formula (2), may be contained in another repeating unit, or may be contained at the end of the polyimide precursor. .. One of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is an embodiment in which the polymerizable group is contained in the repeating unit represented by the following formula (2).
- R 111 , R 113 or R 114 in the following formula (2) is a polymerizable group
- the embodiment in which at least one of R 113 or R 114 is a polymerizable group is more preferable.
- R 113 and R 114 are polymerizable groups is more preferable.
- Equation (2) In formula (2), A 1 and A 2 independently represent an oxygen atom or NH, R 111 represents a divalent organic group, R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group, and R 113. And R 114 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- a 1 and A 2 in the formula (2) independently represent an oxygen atom or NH, and an oxygen atom is preferable.
- R 111 in the formula (2) represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include a linear or branched aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group and a group containing an aromatic group, and a linear or branched aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a carbon number of carbon atoms are exemplified.
- a cyclic aliphatic group having 6 to 20, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group composed of a combination thereof is preferable, and a group containing an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- a group represented by —L—Ar— is exemplified.
- Ar is an aromatic group independently
- L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S—. , -SO 2- or NHCO-, or a group consisting of a combination of two or more of the above.
- R 111 is preferably derived from diamine.
- the diamine used for producing the polyimide precursor include linear or branched aliphatic, cyclic aliphatic or aromatic diamines. Only one kind of diamine may be used, or two or more kinds of diamines may be used. Specifically, a linear or branched aliphatic group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclic aliphatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group consisting of a combination thereof.
- the diamine containing the above is preferable, and the diamine containing a group consisting of an aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- aromatic groups include:
- diamine examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,6-diaminohexane; 1,2- or 1 , 3-Diaminocyclopentane, 1,2-, 1,3- or 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,2-,1,3- or 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, bis- (4-) Aminocyclohexyl) methane, bis- (3-aminocyclohexyl) methane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethylcyclohexylmethane and isophoronediamine; m- or p-phenylenediamine, diaminotoluene, 4,4'- Or 3,3'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl;
- diamines (DA-1) to (DA-18) described in paragraphs 0030 to 0031 of International Publication No. 2017/038598 are also preferable.
- diamines can also be preferably used.
- a diamine having two or more alkylene glycol units in the main chain described in paragraphs 0032 to 0034 of International Publication No. 2017/038598 is also preferably used.
- R 111 is preferably represented by ⁇ Ar—L—Ar— from the viewpoint of the flexibility of the obtained organic film.
- Ar is an aromatic group independently, and L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S—. , -SO 2- or NHCO-, or a group consisting of a combination of two or more of the above.
- Ar is a phenylene group is preferably, L is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom are carbon atoms and optionally 1 or substituted by 2, -O -, - CO - , - S- or SO 2 - are preferred.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group here is preferably an alkylene group.
- R 111 is preferably a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (51) or formula (61).
- a divalent organic group represented by the formula (61) is more preferable.
- Equation (51) In formula (51), R 50 to R 57 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least one of R 50 to R 57 is a fluorine atom, a methyl group or a trifluoro. It is a methyl group.
- the monovalent organic group of R 50 to R 57 includes an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms) and 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms). Examples thereof include an alkyl fluoride group.
- R 58 and R 59 are independently fluorine atoms or trifluoromethyl groups, respectively.
- Examples of the diamine compound giving the structure of the formula (51) or (61) include 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine, 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-. Examples thereof include bis (fluoro) -4,4'-diaminobiphenyl and 4,4'-diaminooctafluorobiphenyl. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- R 111 may have a structure containing a polymerizable group.
- R 111 may have a structure derived from a diamine compound having a polymerizable group.
- the diamine compound having a polymerizable group is not particularly limited, but is preferably a compound containing an aromatic ring structure, and is a compound having a structure in which a structure containing an amino group and a polymerizable group is directly linked to the aromatic ring structure. Is more preferable.
- a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, a cyclic ether group, a methylol group or a group containing an alkoxymethyl group is preferable, and a vinyl group, a (meth) allyl group, a (meth) acrylamide group and a (meth) acryloxy are preferable.
- a group, a maleimide group, a vinylphenyl group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group is more preferable, and a (meth) acryloxy group, a (meth) acrylamide group, an epoxy group, a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group is further preferable.
- R 115 in the formula (2) represents a tetravalent organic group.
- a tetravalent organic group containing an aromatic ring is preferable, and a group represented by the following formula (5) or formula (6) is more preferable.
- * independently represents a binding site with another structure.
- R 112 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be single-bonded or substituted with a fluorine atom, —O—, —CO—, —S—, —SO.
- NHCO- and preferably a group selected from a combination thereof, a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, -O-, -CO. More preferably, it is a group selected from-, -S- and SO 2- , -CH 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -C (CH 3 ) 2-, -O-, -CO. -, - and more preferably a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of - S-, and SO 2.
- R 115 include tetracarboxylic acid residues remaining after removal of the anhydride group from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Only one type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably represented by the following formula (O).
- R 115 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- a preferred range of R 115 has the same meaning as R 115 in formula (2), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride examples include pyromellitic acid dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-.
- PMDA pyromellitic acid dianhydride
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (DAA-1) to (DAA-5) described in paragraph 0038 of International Publication No. 2017/038598 are also mentioned as preferable examples.
- R 111 and R 115 has an OH group. More specifically, as R 111 , a residue of a bisaminophenol derivative can be mentioned.
- R 113 and R 114 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and it is preferable that at least one of R 113 and R 114 contains a polymerizable group, and both contain a polymerizable group. preferable.
- a radically polymerizable group is preferable because it is a group capable of undergoing a cross-linking reaction by the action of heat, radicals and the like.
- the polymerizable group in the specific resin include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, an alkoxymethyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, an acyloxymethyl group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, a blocked isocyanate group, and a methylol.
- examples include a group and an amino group.
- the radically polymerizable group of the polyimide precursor or the like a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferable.
- Examples of the group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a vinyl group, a (meth) allyl group, a group represented by the following formula (III) and the like, and a group represented by the following formula (III) is preferable.
- R200 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a hydrogen atom is preferable.
- * represents a binding site with another structure.
- R 201 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, -CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2- or a polyalkyleneoxy group. Examples of suitable R 201 are ethylene group, propylene group, trimethylene group, tetramethylene group, 1,2-butandyl group, 1,3-butanjiyl group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, dodecamethylene group.
- the polyalkyleneoxy group means a group in which two or more alkyleneoxy groups are directly bonded.
- the alkylene group in the plurality of alkyleneoxy groups contained in the polyalkyleneoxy group may be the same or different.
- the sequence of the alkyleneoxy groups in the polyalkyleneoxy group may be a random sequence or a sequence having a block. It may be an array having a pattern such as alternating.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group (including the carbon number of the substituent when the alkylene group has a substituent) is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, and 2 to 6. Is more preferable, 2 to 5 is more preferable, 2 to 4 is more preferable, 2 or 3 is particularly preferable, and 2 is most preferable. Further, the alkylene group may have a substituent.
- Preferred substituents include alkyl groups, aryl groups, halogen atoms and the like.
- the number of alkyleneoxy groups contained in the polyalkyleneoxy group is preferably 2 to 20, more preferably 2 to 10, and even more preferably 2 to 6.
- the polyalkyleneoxy group includes a polyethyleneoxy group, a polypropyleneoxy group, a polytrimethylethyleneoxy group, a polytetramethyleneoxy group, or a plurality of ethyleneoxy groups and a plurality of propylenes from the viewpoint of solvent solubility and solvent resistance.
- a group bonded to an oxy group is preferable, a polyethyleneoxy group or a polypropyleneoxy group is more preferable, and a polyethyleneoxy group is further preferable.
- the ethyleneoxy groups and the propyleneoxy groups may be randomly arranged or may be arranged by forming a block. , Alternate or the like may be arranged in a pattern. The preferred embodiment of the number of repetitions of the ethyleneoxy group and the like in these groups is as described above.
- R 113 and R 114 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group include an aromatic group and an aralkyl group in which an acidic group is bonded to one, two or three carbons constituting the aryl group, preferably one.
- Specific examples thereof include an aromatic group having an acidic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms and an aralkyl group having an acidic group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms. More specifically, a phenyl group having an acidic group and a benzyl group having an acidic group can be mentioned.
- the acidic group is preferably an OH group. It is also more preferable that R 113 or R 114 is a hydrogen atom, 2-hydroxybenzyl, 3-hydroxybenzyl and 4-hydroxybenzyl.
- R 113 or R 114 is preferably a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group preferably contains a linear or branched alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, or an aromatic group, and an alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group is more preferable.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- linear or branched alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a tetradecyl group and an octadecyl group.
- Isobutyl group isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, 1-ethylpentyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group 2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy group, 2- (2- (2) -Ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy group, 2- (2- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy group, and 2- (2- (2- (2- (2-ethoxyethoxy) ethoxy) ) Ethoxy group is mentioned.
- the cyclic alkyl group may be a monocyclic cyclic alkyl group or a polycyclic cyclic alkyl group.
- Examples of the cyclic alkyl group of the monocycle include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group and a cyclooctyl group.
- Examples of the polycyclic cyclic alkyl group include an adamantyl group, a norbornyl group, a bornyl group, a phenyl group, a decahydronaphthyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a camphoroyl group, a dicyclohexyl group and a pinenyl group. Can be mentioned. Of these, the cyclohexyl group is most preferable from the viewpoint of achieving high sensitivity. Further, as the alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group, a linear alkyl group substituted with an aromatic group described later is preferable.
- aromatic group examples include substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, naphthalene ring, pentalene ring, inden ring, azulene ring, heptalene ring, indacene ring, perylene ring, pentacene ring, acenaphthene ring, phenanthrene ring, and anthracene.
- the benzene ring is most preferred.
- R 113 is a hydrogen atom or R 114 is a hydrogen atom
- R 113 is a hydrogen atom
- R 114 is a hydrogen atom
- the polyimide precursor forms a salt with a tertiary amine compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the tertiary amine compound having such an ethylenically unsaturated bond include N, N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate.
- the polyimide precursor has a fluorine atom in the structural unit.
- the fluorine atom content in the polyimide precursor is preferably 10% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the polyimide precursor may be copolymerized with an aliphatic group having a siloxane structure.
- the diamine component include bis (3-aminopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane and bis (p-aminophenyl) octamethylpentasiloxane.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (2) is preferably the repeating unit represented by the formula (2-A). That is, it is preferable that at least one of the polyimide precursors and the like used in the present invention is a precursor having a repeating unit represented by the formula (2-A). With such a structure, the width of the exposure latitude can be further widened. Equation (2-A) In formula (2-A), A 1 and A 2 represent oxygen atoms, R 111 and R 112 each independently represent a divalent organic group, and R 113 and R 114 each independently. Representing a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group , at least one of R 113 and R 114 is a group containing a polymerizable group, and it is preferable that both are polymerizable groups.
- a 1, A 2, R 111 , R 113 and R 114 each independently have the same meaning as A 1, A 2, R 111 , R 113 and R 114 in formula (2), and preferred ranges are also the same .
- R 112 has the same meaning as R 112 in formula (5), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- the polyimide precursor may contain one kind of repeating structural unit represented by the formula (2), but may also contain two or more kinds. Further, it may contain a structural isomer of a repeating unit represented by the formula (2). Needless to say, the polyimide precursor may contain other types of repeating structural units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (2).
- polyimide precursor in the present invention a polyimide precursor in which 50 mol% or more, more 70 mol% or more, particularly 90 mol% or more of all repeating units is a repeating unit represented by the formula (2) is used. Illustrated.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyimide precursor is preferably 18,000 to 30,000, more preferably 20,000 to 27,000, and even more preferably 22,000 to 25,000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 7,200 to 14,000, more preferably 8,000 to 12,000, and even more preferably 9,200 to 11,200.
- the degree of dispersion of the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 2.7 or more, and further preferably 2.8 or more.
- the upper limit of the dispersity of the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor is not particularly determined, but for example, 4.5 or less is preferable, 4.0 or less is more preferable, 3.8 or less is further preferable, and 3.2 or less is further preferable. Preferably, 3.1 or less is even more preferable, 3.0 or less is even more preferable, and 2.95 or less is particularly preferable.
- the degree of molecular weight dispersion is a value calculated by weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor used in the present invention is not particularly defined for its structure and the like, but preferably contains a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3). Further, the polybenzoxazole precursor used in the present invention has a polymerizable group. The polymerizable group may be contained in a repeating unit represented by the following formula (3), may be contained in another repeating unit, or may be contained at the terminal of a polybenzoxazole precursor. May be good.
- One of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is an embodiment in which the polymerizable group is contained in the repeating unit represented by the following formula (3).
- R 123 or R 124 in the following formula (3) is a polymerizable group
- R 123 and R 124 are polymerizable groups is further preferable.
- Equation (3) In formula (3), R 121 represents a divalent organic group, R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group, and R 123 and R 124 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. show.
- R 123 and R 124 are synonymous with R 113 in the formula (2), respectively, and the preferable range is also the same. That is, at least one is preferably a polymerizable group.
- R 121 represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group a group containing at least one of an aliphatic group and an aromatic group is preferable.
- the aliphatic group a linear aliphatic group is preferable.
- R 121 is preferably a dicarboxylic acid residue. Only one type of dicarboxylic acid residue may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- a dicarboxylic acid residue a dicarboxylic acid containing an aliphatic group and a dicarboxylic acid residue containing an aromatic group are preferable, and a dicarboxylic acid residue containing an aromatic group is more preferable.
- a dicarboxylic acid containing an aliphatic group a dicarboxylic acid containing a linear or branched (preferably straight chain) aliphatic group is preferable, and a linear or branched (preferably straight chain) aliphatic group and two -COOH are preferable.
- a dicarboxylic acid consisting of is more preferable.
- the carbon number of the linear or branched (preferably linear) aliphatic group is preferably 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 25, still more preferably 3 to 20, and 4 to 20. It is more preferably 15, and particularly preferably 5 to 10.
- the linear aliphatic group is preferably an alkylene group.
- dicarboxylic acid containing a linear aliphatic group examples include malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, ethylmalonic acid, isopropylmalonic acid, di-n-butylmalonic acid, succinic acid, tetrafluorosuccinic acid, methylsuccinic acid, 2, 2-dimethylsuccinic acid, 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid, dimethylmethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, hexafluoroglutaric acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, 3-methylglutaric acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, 3,3-Didimethylglutaric acid, 3-ethyl-3-methylglutaric acid, adipic acid, octafluoroadipic acid, 3-methyladipic acid, pimelic acid, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpimeric acid, sverin Acid, dodecafluorosveric acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, s
- Z is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 6).
- dicarboxylic acid containing an aromatic group a dicarboxylic acid having the following aromatic groups is preferable, and a dicarboxylic acid consisting of only the following aromatic groups and two -COOH is more preferable.
- A is -CH 2- , -O-, -S-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -NHCO-, -C (CF 3 ) 2- , and -C (CH 3 ) 2- Represents a divalent group selected from the group consisting of, and * represents a binding site with another structure independently.
- dicarboxylic acid containing an aromatic group examples include 4,4'-carbonyldibenzoic acid, 4,4'-dicarboxydiphenyl ether, and terephthalic acid.
- R 122 represents a tetravalent organic group.
- the tetravalent organic group has the same meaning as R 115 in the above formula (2), and the preferable range is also the same.
- R 122 is also preferably a group derived from a bisaminophenol derivative, and examples of the group derived from a bisaminophenol derivative include, for example, 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 4,4'.
- bisaminophenol derivatives having the following aromatic groups are preferable.
- X 1 represents -O-, -S-, -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -CH 2- , -SO 2- , -NHCO-, and * and # represent other structures, respectively.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent, preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. Further, it is also preferable that R 122 has a structure represented by the above formula.
- any two of the four * and # in total are the bonding sites with the nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded, and preferably R 122 in another 2 Exemplary ethynylphenylbiadamantane derivatives (3) is a binding site to the oxygen atom bonding, two * is a bond sites with an oxygen atom R 122 are attached in the formula (3) , And two # are the bonding sites with the nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded, or two * are the bonding sites with the nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded.
- the site is a site and the two #s are the bonding sites with the oxygen atom to which the R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded, and the two * are the oxygen to which the R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded. It is more preferable that it is a bond site with an atom and the two #s are bond sites with a nitrogen atom to which R 122 in the formula (3) is bonded.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkylene, a substituted alkylene, -O-, -S-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -NHCO-, a single bond, or the following formula (A-). It is an organic group selected from the group of sc).
- R 2 is any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, and a cyclic alkyl group, and may be the same or different.
- R 3 is any of a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, and a cyclic alkyl group, and may be the same or different.
- phenolic hydroxy original ortho i.e., to have also substituent R 3 is believed to closer the distance of the carbonyl carbon and hydroxy original amide bond, It is particularly preferable in that the effect of increasing the cyclization rate when cured at a low temperature is further enhanced.
- R 2 is an alkyl group and R 3 is an alkyl group has high transparency to i-rays and a high cyclization rate when cured at a low temperature. The effect can be maintained, which is preferable.
- R 1 is an alkylene or a substituted alkylene.
- the alkylene and the substituted alkylene according to R 1 include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, among which -CH 2- and -CH (CH 3 ).
- -, -C (CH 3 ) 2 has sufficient solubility in a solvent while maintaining the effects of high transparency to i-rays and high cyclization rate when cured at low temperature. It is more preferable in that an excellent polybenzoxazole precursor can be obtained.
- the polybenzoxazole precursor may contain other types of repeating structural units in addition to the repeating unit of the above formula (3). It is preferable to include a diamine residue represented by the following formula (SL) as another type of repeating structural unit in that the occurrence of warpage due to ring closure can be suppressed.
- SL diamine residue represented by the following formula
- Z has an a structure and a b structure
- R 1s is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 2s is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- at least one of R 3s, R 4s , R 5s , and R 6s is an aromatic group
- the rest are hydrogen atoms or organic groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different.
- the polymerization of the a structure and the b structure may be block polymerization or random polymerization.
- the mol% of the Z portion is 5 to 95 mol% for the a structure, 95 to 5 mol% for the b structure, and 100 mol% for a + b.
- preferred Z includes those in which R 5s and R 6s in the b structure are phenyl groups.
- the molecular weight of the structure represented by the formula (SL) is preferably 400 to 4,000, more preferably 500 to 3,000.
- the tetracarboxylic acid residue remaining after removal of the anhydride group from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is used as the repeating structural unit. It is also preferable to include it. Examples of such a tetracarboxylic acid residue include the example of R 115 in the formula (2).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polybenzoxazole precursor is preferably 18,000 to 30,000, more preferably 20,000 to 29,000, and further, when used in a composition described later, for example. It is preferably 22,000 to 28,000.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 7,200 to 14,000, more preferably 8,000 to 12,000, and even more preferably 9,200 to 11,200.
- the degree of dispersion of the molecular weight of the polybenzoxazole precursor is preferably 1.4 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, still more preferably 1.6 or more.
- the upper limit of the dispersity of the molecular weight of the polybenzoxazole precursor is not particularly determined, but for example, 2.6 or less is preferable, 2.5 or less is more preferable, 2.4 or less is further preferable, and 2.3 or less. Is more preferable, and 2.2 or less is even more preferable.
- a polyimide precursor or the like is used as an end-capping agent such as an acid anhydride, a monocarboxylic acid, a monoacid chloride compound, or a monoactive ester compound. It is preferable to seal the end of the resin. It is more preferable to use monoamine as the terminal encapsulant, and preferred compounds of monoamine are aniline, 2-ethynylaniline, 3-ethynylaniline, 4-ethynylaniline, 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline, 1-.
- the content of the specific resin in the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 85% by mass or more, and 90% by mass or more with respect to the total solid content of the resin composition. Is even more preferable. Further, the content of the resin in the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, more preferably 99% by mass or less, and 98% by mass, based on the total solid content of the resin composition. It is more preferably% or less, and even more preferably 97% by mass or less.
- the composition of the present invention may contain only one type of specific resin, or may contain two or more types. When two or more kinds are contained, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains an antioxidant.
- the content of the antioxidant is 0.1 mass ppm to 10,000 mass ppm, preferably 10 to 1,000 mass ppm, and 50 to 500 mass ppm with respect to the content of the resin. It is more preferable to have.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain one type of antioxidant alone or two or more types. When two or more kinds are contained, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
- the redox potential of the antioxidant is preferably 0.91 V or less, more preferably 0.65 V or less, and 0.45 V or less. Is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the redox potential is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 2.00 V or higher.
- the redox potential is measured by the method described in Examples described later. When the redox potential is within the above range, it is considered that the above-mentioned peroxide has excellent reducing property and the filterability when redissolved in a solvent is improved.
- antioxidant at least one selected from the group consisting of phenol-based compounds, alcohol-based compounds, aldehyde-based compounds, amine-based compounds, nitroso-based compounds, phosphorus-based compounds, sulfur-based compounds, and ketone-based compounds. Compounds are preferred.
- phenolic compound examples include hydroquinone, o-methoxyphenol, p-methoxyphenol, 2,6-di-methoxyphenol, pyrogallol and the like.
- alcohol compounds examples include ascorbic acid and glucose.
- aldehyde compound examples include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, p-methoxybenzaldehyde and the like.
- Examples of the amine compound include 2-methoxyaniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 4-hydroxyaniline, p-phenylenediamine and the like.
- nitroso compound examples include 4-nitrosoanisole and 4-nitrosodimethylaniline.
- Examples of the phosphorus compound include triethylphosphine and triphenylphosphine.
- sulfur-based compound examples include thiophenol, 4-hydroxythiophenol, cysteine and the like.
- Examples of the ketone compound include 3-bromo- ⁇ -rapacon and the like.
- a phenol-based compound having an unsaturated degree of 1 or more or an alcohol-based compound having an unsaturated degree of 1 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of filterability when redissolved in a solvent.
- the degree of unsaturation is a number represented by (2C + 2-H-X + N) / 2, where C is the number of carbon atoms, H is the number of hydrogen atoms, X is the number of halogen atoms, and N is the number of nitrogen atoms. Is.
- the degree of unsaturation is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 2 to 4.
- the resin composition of the present invention contains an organic solvent.
- the content of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably more than 0 and 10% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1 to 8% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the resin composition. It is more preferably 1 to 6% by mass or less.
- the organic solvent is 10% by mass or less (preferably 8% by mass or less, more preferably 6% by mass or less)
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain one type of organic solvent alone, or may contain two or more types of organic solvent. When two or more kinds are contained, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
- the organic solvent consists of a group consisting of hydrocarbon compounds, alcohol compounds, carboxylic acids, ketone compounds, ester compounds, ether compounds, nitrile compounds, amide compounds, amine compounds, sulfone compounds and sulfoxide compounds. It is preferable to contain at least one selected species.
- hydrocarbon compound examples include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene and anisole, and cyclic terpenes such as limonene.
- Examples of the alcohol compound include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and the like.
- carboxylic acid examples include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and the like.
- ketone compound examples include methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone and the like.
- Ester compounds include ethyl acetate, -n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl formate, isoamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone.
- alkylalkyloxyacetate eg, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl alkyloxyacetate (eg, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, butyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.)
- 3-Alkyloxypropionate alkyl esters eg, methyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, etc. (eg, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, 3-).
- 2-alkyloxypropionate alkyl esters eg, methyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 2-alkyloxypropionate, propyl 2-alkyloxypropionate
- Etc. eg, methyl 2-methoxypropionate, ethyl 2-methoxypropionate, propyl 2-methoxy
- Methyl acid and ethyl 2-alkyloxy-2-methylpropionate eg, methyl 2-methoxy-2-methylpropionate, ethyl 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropionate, etc.
- ether compounds include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol.
- examples thereof include monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, and propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate.
- nitrile compound examples include acetonitrile, propionitrile, benzonitrile and the like.
- amide compound examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide and the like.
- amine-based compounds include monomethanolamine, dimethanolamine, trimethanolamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dimethylamine and the like.
- sulfone compound examples include sulfolane and the like.
- Examples of the sulfoxide compound include dimethyl sulfoxide and the like.
- the resin composition of the present invention preferably contains an amide compound, an ether compound, a ketone compound, or an ester compound, and is preferably a lactam compound, a cyclic ether compound, a cyclic ketone compound, or a cyclic ketone compound. , It is more preferable to contain a lactone-based solvent.
- the resin composition of the present invention may further contain a specific resin, an antioxidant, and other components other than the organic solvent.
- the resin composition of the present invention may also be in an embodiment that does not substantially contain other components.
- the total content of the specific resin, the antioxidant, and the organic solvent with respect to the total mass of the resin composition is preferably 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 95% by mass or more.
- Examples of other components include nitrogen-containing compounds and compounds having a polymerizable group.
- the nitrogen-containing compound include a compound containing a urea structure, a compound containing a carbodiimide structure, and a compound containing an isourea structure.
- the nitrogen-containing compound includes a compound represented by the following formula (1-1), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2), a compound represented by the following formula (1-3), and the like. Can be mentioned.
- R 11 and R 12 are independently aliphatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- R 31 and R 32 each independently have a substituent. It represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- R 33 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 11 and R 12 are independently unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or primary amine salt structures and secondary amine salts as substituents.
- An aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms having at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a structure, a tertiary amino group, a tertiary amine salt structure, and a quaternary ammonium group is preferable.
- An unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms in R 11 and R 12 an unsubstituted saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms is preferable, and an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups are more preferable, and ethyl groups, isopropyl groups, t-butyl groups or cyclohexyl groups are more preferable.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently have 2 to 2 carbon atoms having at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, a thiol group, and an alkylthio group. It may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 7. The aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms may have two or more of the substituents, but an embodiment having only one substituent is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- R 21 and R 22 have an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an amino group or a quaternary ammonium group as a substituent and have 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 1 to 7 is preferable, and an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms in R 21 and R 22 or the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms having the substituent is preferable.
- the embodiments are the same as those shown in the description of R 11 and R 12, respectively.
- R 31 and R 32 have an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an amino group or a quaternary ammonium group as a substituent and have 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 1 to 7 is preferable, and an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms in R 31 and R 32 , or the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms having the substituent is preferable.
- the embodiments are the same as those shown in the description of R 11 and R 12, respectively.
- R 33 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and is an unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. It is more preferable that it is an unsubstituted saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and more preferably it is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 33 a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group or a t-butyl group is preferable, and an ethyl group is more preferable.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain a compound having a polymerizable group as another component.
- the polymerizable group include groups similar to the polymerizable group in the above-mentioned specific resin, and preferred embodiments are also the same.
- the compound having a polymerizable group may be contained, for example, as an unreacted component among the raw materials for introducing the polymerizable group into the above-mentioned polyimide or polybenzoxazole.
- a compound having a polymerizable group and a hydroxy group is preferable, and hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, and glycerinji (meth).
- the content of the other components is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be 0% by mass.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain other components alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are used in combination, the total amount is preferably within the above range.
- the method for producing a resin composition of the present invention includes an addition step of adding the antioxidant to the production composition containing the organic solvent and the specific resin.
- the amount of the antioxidant added may be such that the content of the antioxidant in the resin composition is within the above range.
- the method for producing a resin composition of the present invention preferably includes a synthesis step of reacting a raw material in a solvent to obtain a reaction solution containing a specific resin.
- the synthesis step may be carried out by a known method.
- the specific resin is a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor
- known methods can be used without particular limitation.
- a method of halogenating a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid derivative with a halogenating agent and then reacting with a diamine to obtain a specific resin can be mentioned. It is also preferable to synthesize using a non-halogen catalyst without using the above-mentioned halogenating agent.
- a non-halogen catalyst a known amidation catalyst containing no halogen atom can be used without particular limitation.
- a boroxin compound, an N-hydroxy compound, a tertiary amine, a phosphoric acid ester, or an amine can be used. Examples thereof include carbodiimide compounds such as salts and urea compounds.
- carbodiimide compound examples include N, N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide, N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and the like.
- the solvent used in the above synthesis step can be appropriately determined depending on the raw material, and examples thereof include pyridine, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), N-methylpyrrolidone and N-ethylpyrrolidone. Further, the organic solvent in the above-mentioned resin composition may be used. It is also preferable to remove the precipitates generated in the reaction solution by filtration in the synthesis step.
- the above reaction solution may be used as the above-mentioned production composition, but the specific resin solution after the reprecipitation / redissolution step described later is used as the above-mentioned production composition. Is preferable. That is, as one of the preferred embodiments of the method for producing a resin composition of the present invention, a specific resin solution obtained by a reprecipitation / redissolving step including a synthesis step and a reprecipitation / redissolution step is used as the production composition. An embodiment in which the addition step is performed using the above can be mentioned.
- the method for producing a resin composition of the present invention comprises a reprecipitation / redissolution step in which the specific resin in the reaction solution is reprecipitated, the reprecipitated specific resin is redissolved in the organic solvent, and a specific resin solution is obtained. It is preferable to include it.
- a reprecipitation method a reaction solution containing a specific resin such as a polyimide precursor and the above solvent is supplied to a poor solvent such as water or alcohol (a solvent having a low solubility of the specific resin). Can sink.
- the reprecipitated specific resin can be obtained by, for example, a method such as filtration.
- the organic solvent used for redissolution may be any good solvent for the resin (solvent having high solubility of the specific resin), and is preferably the organic solvent described in the above resin composition.
- Conditions such as the temperature at the time of re-precipitation or re-dissolution are not particularly limited, and known methods may be followed.
- the reprecipitation step can be performed by the same method as the reprecipitation in the reprecipitation redissolution step described above.
- the re-settled specific resin can be obtained by a method such as filtration. That is, by the reprecipitation step, the specific resin is obtained in a form containing a small amount of the organic solvent.
- the drying conditions are not particularly limited, but for example, it can be dried at 25 to 45 ° C. for 1 hour to 7 days under reduced pressure.
- the drying means is not particularly limited, and for example, a known vacuum dryer can be used.
- the degree of drying is not particularly limited as long as it is dry in which at least a part of the organic solvent is removed, and the content of the organic solvent is within the above range with respect to the total mass of the resin composition. It is preferable to dry it.
- the method for producing a pattern-forming composition of the present invention preferably includes a mixing step of mixing the resin composition of the present invention with a solvent.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used. Further, in the method for producing a pattern-forming composition of the present invention, it is preferable to further mix the photosensitive agent in the above mixing step. Further, in the method for producing a pattern-forming composition of the present invention, other components may be further mixed in the above mixing step.
- the content of the specific resin in the pattern-forming composition of the present invention is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and 40% by mass or more with respect to the total solid content of the resin composition.
- the resin content in the composition of the present invention is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, more preferably 99% by mass or less, and 98% by mass or less, based on the total solid content of the composition. It is more preferably 97% by mass or less, and even more preferably 95% by mass or less.
- the pattern-forming composition of the present invention may contain only one type of the specific resin, or may contain two or more types of the specific resin. When two or more kinds are contained, it is preferable that the total amount is within the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition contains two or more kinds of specific resins
- a resin composition containing two or more kinds of specific resins may be used, or a resin composition containing a specific resin and another specific resin are contained. It may be used in combination with a resin composition.
- the filter hole diameter is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of productivity, 5 ⁇ m or less is preferable, 3 ⁇ m or less is more preferable, and 1 ⁇ m or less is further preferable.
- the filter material is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or nylon.
- the filter may be one that has been pre-cleaned with an organic solvent. In the filter filtration step, a plurality of types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel for use.
- filters having different pore diameters or materials may be used in combination.
- various materials may be filtered a plurality of times.
- circulation filtration may be used.
- you may pressurize and perform filtration.
- the pressurizing pressure is preferably 0.05 MPa or more and 0.3 MPa or less.
- 0.01 MPa or more and 1.0 MPa or less is preferable, 0.03 MPa or more and 0.9 MPa or less is more preferable, and 0.05 MPa or more and 0.7 MPa or less is further preferable.
- impurities may be removed using an adsorbent.
- Filter filtration and impurity removal treatment using an adsorbent may be combined.
- a known adsorbent can be used. Examples thereof include inorganic adsorbents such as silica gel and zeolite, and organic adsorbents such as activated carbon.
- the solvent, the photosensitive agent, and other components contained in the pattern-forming composition obtained by the method for producing the pattern-forming composition of the present invention will be described as the components contained in the pattern-forming composition.
- a pattern-forming composition can be obtained by mixing these components as necessary.
- the pattern-forming composition of the present invention preferably contains a solvent.
- a solvent a known solvent can be arbitrarily used.
- the solvent is preferably an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent include compounds such as esters, ethers, ketones, cyclic hydrocarbons, sulfoxides, amides, ureas and alcohols.
- esters include ethyl acetate, -n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, amyl formate, isoamyl acetate, butyl propionate, isopropyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- alkyl oxyacetate eg, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl alkyloxyacetate (eg, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, butyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, etc.) Ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.)
- alkyl oxyacetate eg, methyl alkyloxyacetate, ethyl alkyloxyacetate, butyl alkyloxyacetate (eg, methyl methoxyacetate, ethyl methoxyacetate, butyl methoxyacetate, methyl ethoxyacetate, etc.) Ethyl ethoxyacetate, etc.)
- 3-alkyloxypropionate alkyl esters eg, methyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, ethyl 3-alkyloxypropionate, etc.
- ethers include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol.
- Suitable examples include monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, and propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate.
- ketones for example, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 3-methylcyclohexanone, levoglucosenone, dihydrolevoglucosenone and the like are preferable.
- cyclic hydrocarbons for example, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene and anisole, and cyclic terpenes such as limonene are preferable.
- sulfoxides for example, dimethyl sulfoxide is preferable.
- N, N, N', N'-tetramethylurea, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and the like are preferable.
- Alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, polypropylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, Examples thereof include ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, methylphenyl carbinol, n-amyl alcohol, methyl amyl alcohol, and diacetone alcohol.
- the solvent is preferably a mixture of two or more types from the viewpoint of improving the properties of the coated surface.
- the mixed solvent to be mixed is preferable.
- the combined use of dimethyl sulfoxide and ⁇ -butyrolactone is particularly preferred.
- a combination of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl lactate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethyl lactate, diacetone alcohol and ethyl lactate, cyclopentanone and ⁇ -butyrolactone is also preferable.
- the solvent content is preferably such that the total solid content concentration of the pattern-forming composition is 5 to 80% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 75% by mass. It is preferable that the amount is 10 to 70% by mass, more preferably 40 to 70% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 70% by mass.
- the solvent content may be adjusted according to the desired thickness of the coating film and the coating method.
- the solvent may be contained in only one kind, or may be contained in two or more kinds. When two or more kinds of solvents are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains a photosensitive agent.
- a photosensitive agent a photopolymerization initiator is preferable.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator as the photosensitive agent.
- the photopolymerization initiator is preferably a photoradical polymerization initiator.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from known photoradical polymerization initiators.
- a photoradical polymerization initiator having photosensitivity to light rays in the ultraviolet region to the visible region is preferable.
- it may be an active agent that causes some action with a photoexcited sensitizer and generates an active radical.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator the oxime compound described later is preferable.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator contains at least one compound having a molar extinction coefficient of at least about 50 L ⁇ mol -1 ⁇ cm -1 within the range of about 300 to 800 nm (preferably 330 to 500 nm). Is preferable.
- the molar extinction coefficient of a compound can be measured using a known method. For example, it is preferable to measure at a concentration of 0.01 g / L using an ethyl acetate solvent with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (Cary-5 spectrophotometer manufactured by Varian).
- a known compound can be arbitrarily used as the photoradical polymerization initiator.
- halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives for example, compounds having a triazine skeleton, compounds having an oxadiazole skeleton, compounds having a trihalomethyl group, etc.
- acylphosphine compounds such as acylphosphine oxide, hexaarylbiimidazoles, oxime derivatives and the like.
- Oxime compounds, organic peroxides, thio compounds, ketone compounds, aromatic onium salts, ketooxime ethers, aminoacetophenone compounds, hydroxyacetophenones, azo compounds, azido compounds, metallocene compounds, organic boron compounds, iron arene complexes, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the description in paragraphs 0165 to 0182 of JP-A-2016-027357 and paragraphs 0138 to 0151 of International Publication No. 2015/199219 can be referred to, and the contents thereof are incorporated in the present specification.
- ketone compound for example, the compound described in paragraph 0087 of JP-A-2015-087611 is exemplified, and the content thereof is incorporated in the present specification.
- KayaCure DETX manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. is also preferably used.
- a hydroxyacetophenone compound, an aminoacetophenone compound, and an acylphosphine compound can be preferably used as the photoradical polymerization initiator. More specifically, for example, the aminoacetophenone-based initiator described in JP-A No. 10-291969 and the acylphosphine oxide-based initiator described in Japanese Patent No. 4225898 can be used.
- IRGACURE 184 (IRGACURE is a registered trademark)
- DAROCUR 1173 As the hydroxyacetophenone-based initiator, IRGACURE 184 (IRGACURE is a registered trademark), DAROCUR 1173, IRGACURE 500, IRGACURE-2959, and IRGACURE 127 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- aminoacetophenone-based initiator commercially available products IRGACURE 907, IRGACURE 369, and IRGACURE 379 (trade names: all manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- the compound described in JP-A-2009-191179 in which the absorption maximum wavelength is matched with a wavelength light source such as 365 nm or 405 nm, can also be used.
- acylphosphine-based initiator examples include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide. Further, commercially available products such as IRGACURE-819 and IRGACURE-TPO (trade names: both manufactured by BASF) can be used.
- metallocene compound examples include IRGACURE-784 and IRGACURE-784EG (both manufactured by BASF).
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is more preferably an oxime compound.
- the oxime compound By using the oxime compound, it becomes possible to improve the exposure latitude more effectively.
- the oxime compound is particularly preferable because it has a wide exposure latitude (exposure margin) and also acts as a photocuring accelerator.
- the compound described in JP-A-2001-233842 the compound described in JP-A-2000-080068, and the compound described in JP-A-2006-342166 can be used.
- Preferred oxime compounds include, for example, compounds having the following structures, 3-benzoyloxyiminobutane-2-one, 3-acetoxyiminovtan-2-one, 3-propionyloxyiminobutane-2-one, 2-acetoxy. Iminopentan-3-one, 2-acetoxyimimino-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 2-benzoyloxyimino-1-phenylpropane-1-one, 3- (4-toluenesulfonyloxy) iminobutane-2-one , And 2-ethoxycarbonyloxyimino-1-phenylpropan-1-one and the like.
- an oxime compound (oxime-based photopolymerization initiator) as the photoradical polymerization initiator.
- IRGACURE OXE 01 IRGACURE OXE 02, IRGACURE OXE 03, IRGACURE OXE 04 (above, manufactured by BASF), ADEKA PTOMER N-1919 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, JP-A-2012-014052).
- a radical polymerization initiator 2) is also preferably used.
- TR-PBG-304 manufactured by Changzhou Powerful Electronics New Materials Co., Ltd.
- ADEKA ARCULDS NCI-831 and ADEKA ARCULDS NCI-930 manufactured by ADEKA Corporation
- DFI-091 manufactured by Daito Chemix Co., Ltd.
- an oxime compound having the following structure can also be used.
- an oxime compound having a fluorene ring can also be used.
- Specific examples of the oxime compound having a fluorene ring include the compound described in JP-A-2014-137466 and the compound described in Japanese Patent No. 06636081.
- an oxime compound having a skeleton in which at least one benzene ring of the carbazole ring is a naphthalene ring can also be used.
- Specific examples of such an oxime compound include the compounds described in International Publication No. 2013/083505.
- an oxime compound having a fluorine atom includes the compounds described in JP-A-2010-262028, the compounds 24, 36-40 described in paragraph 0345 of JP-A-2014-500852, and JP-A-2013. Examples thereof include the compound (C-3) described in paragraph 0101 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 164471.
- Examples of the most preferable oxime compound include an oxime compound having a specific substituent shown in JP-A-2007-269779 and an oxime compound having a thioaryl group shown in JP-A-2009-191061.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator includes a trihalomethyltriazine compound, a benzyldimethylketal compound, an ⁇ -hydroxyketone compound, an ⁇ -aminoketone compound, an acylphosphine compound, a phosphine oxide compound, a metallocene compound, an oxime compound, and a triaryl.
- a trihalomethyltriazine compound Selected from the group consisting of imidazole dimer, onium salt compound, benzothiazole compound, benzophenone compound, acetophenone compound and its derivative, cyclopentadiene-benzene-iron complex and its salt, halomethyloxadiazole compound, 3-aryl substituted coumarin compound.
- Compounds are preferred.
- photoradical polymerization initiators are trihalomethyltriazine compounds, ⁇ -aminoketone compounds, acylphosphine compounds, phosphine oxide compounds, metallocene compounds, oxime compounds, triarylimidazole dimers, onium salt compounds, benzophenone compounds and acetophenone compounds.
- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of a trihalomethyltriazine compound, an ⁇ -aminoketone compound, an oxime compound, a triarylimidazole dimer, and a benzophenone compound is more preferable, a metallocene compound or an oxime compound is further preferable, and an oxime compound is further preferable. Is even more preferable.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator is N, N'-tetraalkyl-4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 2-benzyl such as benzophenone, N, N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminobenzophenone (Michler ketone).
- -Aromatic ketones such as -2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1,2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholino-propanol-1, alkylanthraquinone, etc.
- benzoin ether compounds such as benzoin alkyl ether
- benzoin compounds such as benzoin and alkyl benzoin
- benzyl derivatives such as benzyl dimethyl ketal.
- a compound represented by the following formula (I) can also be used.
- R I00 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, and the like.
- R I01 is a group represented by formula (II), the same as R I00
- the groups, R I02 to R I 04, are independently alkyls having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or halogens, respectively.
- R I05 to R I07 are the same as R I 02 to R I 04 of the above formula (I).
- the compounds described in paragraphs 0048 to 0055 of International Publication No. 2015/125469 can also be used.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. It is more preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, and even more preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass. Only one type of photopolymerization initiator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more kinds of photopolymerization initiators are contained, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition contains a photoacid generator as a photosensitive agent.
- a photoacid generator for example, acid is generated in the exposed part of the photosensitive film, the solubility of the exposed part in the developing solution (for example, an alkaline aqueous solution) is increased, and the exposed part is removed by the developing solution.
- a positive pattern can be obtained.
- the pattern-forming composition contains a photoacid generator and a cross-linking agent other than the radical cross-linking agent described later, for example, the cross-linking reaction of the cross-linking agent is promoted by the acid generated in the exposed portion. It is also possible to make the exposed portion more difficult to be removed by the developing solution than the non-exposed portion. According to such an embodiment, a negative pattern can be obtained.
- the photoacid generator is not particularly limited as long as it generates an acid by exposure, but is an onium salt compound such as a quinonediazide compound, a diazonium salt, a phosphonium salt, a sulfonium salt, or an iodonium salt, an imide sulfonate, and an oxime.
- onium salt compound such as a quinonediazide compound, a diazonium salt, a phosphonium salt, a sulfonium salt, or an iodonium salt, an imide sulfonate, and an oxime.
- examples thereof include sulfonate compounds such as sulfonate, diazodisulfone, disulfone, and o-nitrobenzylsulfonate.
- the quinone-diazide compound includes a polyhydroxy compound in which quinone-diazide sulfonic acid is ester-bonded, a polyamino compound in which quinone-diazide sulfonic acid is conjugated with a sulfonamide, and a polyhydroxypolyamino compound in which quinone-diazide sulfonic acid is ester-bonded and a sulfonamide bond.
- Examples include those bonded by at least one of the above. In the present invention, for example, it is preferable that 50 mol% or more of all the functional groups of these polyhydroxy compounds and polyamino compounds are substituted with quinonediazide.
- the quinone diazide either a 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group or a 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group is preferably used.
- the 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound has absorption in the i-line region of a mercury lamp and is suitable for i-line exposure.
- the 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound has absorption extending to the g-line region of a mercury lamp and is suitable for g-line exposure.
- a naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound having a 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group and a 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl group may be contained in the same molecule, or a 4-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound and a 5-naphthoquinone diazidosulfonyl ester compound may be contained. It may be contained.
- the naphthoquinone diazide compound can be synthesized by an esterification reaction between a compound having a phenolic hydroxy group and a quinone diazido sulfonic acid compound, and can be synthesized by a known method. By using these naphthoquinone diazide compounds, the resolution, sensitivity, and residual film ratio are further improved.
- Examples of the naphthoquinone diazide compound include 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-5-sulfonic acid or 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazide-4-sulfonic acid, and salts or ester compounds of these compounds. Be done.
- Examples of the onium salt compound or the sulfonate compound include the compounds described in paragraphs 0064 to 0122 of JP-A-2008-013646.
- the photoacid generator is also preferably a compound containing an oxime sulfonate group (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “oxime sulfonate compound”).
- oxime sulfonate compound is not particularly limited as long as it has an oxime sulfonate group, but the following formula (OS-1), the formula (OS-103) described later, the formula (OS-104), or the formula (OS-). It is preferably the oxime sulfonate compound represented by 105).
- X 3 is an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, or a halogen atom. If X 3 there are a plurality, each be the same or may be different. Alkyl group and an alkoxyl group represented by X 3 may have a substituent.
- the halogen atom in the X 3, a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom is preferable.
- m3 represents an integer of 0 to 3, and 0 or 1 is preferable. When m3 is 2 or 3, a plurality of X 3 may be the same or different.
- R 34 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group, which is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl halide group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and carbon. It is preferably an alkoxyl group of numbers 1 to 5, a phenyl group which may be substituted with W, a naphthyl group which may be substituted with W, or an anthranyl group which may be substituted with W.
- W is a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkyl halide group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl halide having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- oxime sulfonate compound represented by the formula (OS-1) are described in paragraphs 0064 to 0068 of JP2011-200969A and paragraph numbers 0158 to 0167 of JP2015-194674A. The following compounds are exemplified and their contents are incorporated herein.
- R s1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group
- R s6 which represents a group or a halogen atom and may be present in a plurality, independently represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, a sulfonic acid group, an aminosulfonyl group or an alkoxysulfonyl group
- Xs represents O or S.
- ns represents 1 or 2
- ms represents an integer from 0 to 6.
- an alkyl group represented by R s1 preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- an aryl group preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- a heteroaryl group preferably numbers 4 to 30
- R s1 preferably 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- aryl group preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- heteroaryl group preferably numbers 4 to 30
- T may have a substituent T.
- R s2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms). , Hydrogen atom or alkyl group is more preferable.
- the Rs2 that may be present in two or more in the compound, one or two are preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom, and one is more preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom. It is particularly preferable that one is an alkyl group and the rest is a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group or aryl group represented by R s2 may have a substituent T.
- Xs represents O or S, and is preferably O.
- the ring containing Xs as a ring member is a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.
- ns represents 1 or 2, and when Xs is O, ns is preferably 1, and when Xs is S, ns is. It is preferably 2.
- the alkyl group represented by R s6 preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- the alkyloxy group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- ms represents an integer of 0 to 6, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and 0. Is particularly preferable.
- the compound represented by the above formula (OS-103) is particularly preferably a compound represented by the following formula (OS-106), formula (OS-110) or formula (OS-111).
- the compound represented by the formula (OS-104) is particularly preferably a compound represented by the following formula (OS-107), and the compound represented by the above formula (OS-105) is a compound represented by the following formula (OS-105). -108) or a compound represented by the formula (OS-109) is particularly preferable.
- R t1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group
- R t7 represents a hydrogen atom or a bromine atom
- R t8 represents a hydrogen atom and the number of carbon atoms. 1 to 8 alkyl groups, halogen atoms, chloromethyl groups, bromomethyl groups, bromoethyl groups, methoxymethyl groups, phenyl groups or chlorophenyl groups
- R t9 represents hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, methyl groups or methoxy groups
- R t2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R t7 represents a hydrogen atom or a bromine atom, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R t8 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a chloromethyl group, a bromomethyl group, a bromoethyl group, a methoxymethyl group, and a phenyl group.
- it represents a chlorophenyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a phenyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is more preferable to have a methyl group, and it is particularly preferable to have a methyl group.
- R t9 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R t2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the three-dimensional structure (E, Z) of the oxime may be either one or a mixture.
- Specific examples of the oxime sulfonate compound represented by the above formulas (OS-103) to (OS-105) include paragraph numbers 008 to 0995 of JP2011-209692 and paragraphs of JP-A-2015-194674.
- the compounds of Nos. 0168 to 0194 are exemplified and their contents are incorporated herein.
- oxime sulfonate compound containing at least one oxime sulfonate group include compounds represented by the following formulas (OS-101) and (OS-102).
- Ru9 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfo group, a cyano group, and the like. Represents an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- R u9 is a cyano group or an aryl group is more preferable, and the embodiment in which R u9 is a cyano group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group is further preferable.
- Ru2a represents an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- Xu is -O-, -S-, -NH- , -NR u5-, -CH 2- , -CR u6 H- or CR u6 R u7.
- R u5 to R u7 each independently represent an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- Ru1 to Ru4 are independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxyl group, amino group, alkoxycarbonyl group and alkylcarbonyl group, respectively. , Arylcarbonyl group, amide group, sulfo group, cyano group or aryl group. 2 in turn, each may be bonded to each other to form a ring of the R u1 ⁇ R u4. At this time, the ring may be condensed to form a fused ring together with the benzene ring.
- R u1 ⁇ R u4 a hydrogen atom, preferably a halogen atom or an alkyl group, also aspects to form the at least two aryl groups bonded to each other of R u1 ⁇ R u4 preferred.
- Ru1 to Ru4 are hydrogen atoms. Any of the above-mentioned substituents may further have a substituent.
- the compound represented by the above formula (OS-101) is more preferably a compound represented by the formula (OS-102).
- the three-dimensional structure (E, Z, etc.) of the oxime and the benzothiazole ring may be either one or a mixture.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (OS-101) include the compounds described in paragraph numbers 0102 to 0106 of JP-A-2011-20969 and paragraph numbers 0195 to 0207 of JP-A-2015-194674. And these contents are incorporated herein.
- b-9, b-16, b-31, and b-33 are preferable.
- a commercially available product may be used as the photoacid generator.
- Commercially available products include WPAG-145, WPAG-149, WPAG-170, WPAG-199, WPAG-336, WPAG-376, WPAG-370, WPAG-443, WPAG-469, WPAG-638, and WPAG-690 (any of which).
- Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Omnicat 250, Omnicat 270 (all manufactured by IGM Resins BV), Irgacure 250, Irgacure 270, Irgacure 290 (all manufactured by BASF), MBZ-101 (all manufactured by BASF). (Made by Midori Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and the like.
- an organic halogenated compound can also be applied.
- the organic halogenated compound include Wakabayashi et al., “Bull Chem. Soc Japan” 42, 2924 (1969), US Pat. No. 3,905,815, Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-4605, JP-A. 48-36281, JP-A-55-3207, JP-A-60-239736, JP-A-61-169835, JP-A-61-169837, JP-A-62-58241, JP-A-62- 212401, JP-A-63-70243, JP-A-63-298339, M.D. P.
- S-triazine compounds S-triazine compounds
- an organic borate compound can also be applied.
- the organic borate compound include JP-A-62-143044, JP-A-62-150242, JP-A-9-188685, JP-A-9-188686, JP-A-9-188710, and JP-A-2000. -131837, JP-A-2002-107916, Japanese Patent No. 2764769, Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-310808, etc., and Kunz, Martin "Rad Tech'98. Proceeding Compound 19-22, 1998, Chicago", etc.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-175553 Organic Boron Iodonium Complex
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-188710 Organic Boron Phosphorium Complex
- JP-A-7-128785 JP-A.
- Specific examples thereof include organic boron transition metal coordination complexes of JP-A-7-140589, JP-A-7-306527, and JP-A-7-292014.
- a disulfone compound can also be applied as a photoacid generator.
- examples of the disulfone compound include compounds described in JP-A-61-166544, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-132318, and diazodisulfone compounds.
- onium salt compound examples include S. I. Schlesinger, Photogr. Sci. Eng. , 18,387 (1974), T.I. S. The diazonium salt described in Bal et al, Polymer, 21, 423 (1980), the ammonium salt described in US Pat. No. 4,069,055, JP-A-4-365049, etc., US Pat. No. 4,069, Phosphonium salts described in 055 and 4,069,056, European Patents 104 and 143, US Patents 339,049, 410 and 201, JP-A-2. -150848, Iodonium salt described in JP-A-2-296514, European Patent Nos.
- onium salts examples include onium salts represented by the following general formulas (RI-I) to (RI-III).
- Ar11 represents an aryl group having 20 or less carbon atoms which may have 1 to 6 substituents, and preferred substituents are an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Z11 - represents a monovalent anion, a halogen ion, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonate ion, sulfinate ion, thiosulfonate ion, sulfate ion, surface stability
- Perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonic acid ion, sulfinate ion are preferable.
- Ar21 and Ar22 each represent an aryl group having 20 or less carbon atoms which may independently have 1 to 6 substituents, and a preferable substituent is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Alkylamino group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms dialkylamino group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkylamide group or arylamide group with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, carbonyl group, carboxyl group, cyano group, sulfonyl group, 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- Examples thereof include a thioalkyl group of 1 to 12 and a thioaryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Z21 - represents a monovalent anion, a halogen ion, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonate ion, sulfinate ion, thiosulfonate ion, sulfate ion, stability, reaction From the viewpoint of sex, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonic acid ion, sulfinate ion and carboxylate ion are preferable.
- R31, R32, and R33 each represent an aryl group or an alkyl group having 20 or less carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group, which may independently have 1 to 6 substituents, and are preferable. From the viewpoint of reactivity and stability, an aryl group is desirable.
- Preferred substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples thereof include a group, a cyano group, a sulfonyl group, a thioalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a thioaryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Z31 - represents a monovalent anion, a halogen ion, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonate ion, sulfinate ion, thiosulfonate ion, sulfate ion, stability, reaction From the viewpoint of sex, perchlorate ion, hexafluorophosphate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, sulfonic acid ion, sulfinate ion and carboxylate ion are preferable.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. It is more preferably 2 to 15% by mass. Only one type of photoacid generator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more photoacid generators are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition may contain a photobase generator as the photosensitive agent.
- a photobase generator as the photosensitive agent.
- the cross-linking reaction of the cross-linking agent is promoted by promoting the cyclization of the specific resin by the base generated in the exposed portion. It is also possible to make the exposed portion more difficult to be removed by the developing solution than the non-exposed portion due to such an action. According to such an aspect, a negative type relief pattern can be obtained.
- the photobase generator is not particularly limited as long as it generates a base by exposure, and known ones can be used.
- M. Shirai, and M. Tsunooka Prog. Polym. Sci. , 21, 1 (1996); Masahiro Kakuoka, Polymer Processing, 46, 2 (1997); C.I. Kutal, Code. Chem. Rev. , 211,353 (2001); Y. Kaneko, A. Sarker, and D. Neckers, Chem. Mother. , 11, 170 (1999); H. Tachi, M. et al. Shirai, and M. Tsunooka, J.M. Photopolym. Sci. Technol. , 13, 153 (2000); Winkle, and K. Graziano, J.M.
- Ionic compounds whose base components are neutralized by forming salts and nonionic compounds whose base components are latent by urethane bonds or oxime bonds such as carbamate derivatives, oxime ester derivatives, and acyl compounds.
- carbamate derivatives, amide derivatives, imide derivatives, ⁇ -cobalt complexes, imidazole derivatives, cinnamic acid amide derivatives, oxime derivatives and the like are more preferable examples of the photobase generator.
- the basic substance generated from the photobase generator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compounds having an amino group, particularly monoamines, polyamines such as diamines, and amidines. From the viewpoint of the imidization rate, it is preferable that the basic substance has a large pKa in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) of the conjugate acid.
- the pKa is preferably 1 or more, and more preferably 3 or more.
- the upper limit of the above pKa is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 or less.
- pKa represents the logarithm of the reciprocal of the first dissociation constant of acid
- pKa represents the logarithm of the reciprocal of the first dissociation constant of acid
- the photobase generator is preferably a photobase generator that does not contain a salt in the structure, and the nitrogen atom of the base portion generated in the photobase generator is preferable. It is preferable that there is no charge on the top.
- the photobase generator it is preferable that the generated base is latent using a covalent bond, and the mechanism of base generation is such that the covalent bond between the nitrogen atom of the generated base portion and the adjacent atom is cleaved. It is preferable that the base is generated.
- the photobase generator does not contain a salt in the structure, the photobase generator can be neutralized, so that the solvent solubility is better and the pot life is improved.
- the amine generated from the photobase generator used in the present invention is preferably a primary amine or a secondary amine.
- the photobase generator is preferably a photobase generator containing a salt in the structure.
- the base generated as described above is latent using a covalent bond, and the generated base has an amide bond, a carbamate bond, and an oxime bond. It is preferably latent using.
- the photobase generator according to the present invention include a photobase generator having a cinnamon acid amide structure as disclosed in JP-A-2009-080452 and International Publication No. 2009/123122, JP-A-2006-189591.
- Examples thereof include a photobase generator having an oxime structure, but the present invention is not limited to these, and other known photobase generator structures can be used.
- the photobase generator the compounds described in paragraphs 0185 to 0188, 0199 to 0200 and 0202 of JP2012-093746, and the compounds described in paragraphs 0022 to 0069 of JP2013-194205.
- Examples thereof include the compounds described in paragraphs 0026 to 0074 of JP2013-204319A, and the compounds described in paragraph number 0052 of International Publication No. 2010/064631.
- a commercially available product may be used as the photobase generator.
- Commercially available products include WPBG-266, WPBG-300, WPGB-345, WPGB-140, WPBG-165, WPBG-207, WPBG-018, WPGB-015, WPBG-041, WPGB-172, WPGB-174, WPBG. -166, WPGB-158, WPGB-025, WPGB-168, WPGB-167, WPBG-082 (all manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), A2502, B5085, N0528, N1052, O0396, O0447, O0448 ( (Made by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. It is more preferably 2 to 15% by mass. Only one type of photobase generator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more photobase generators are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition may contain a thermal polymerization initiator, and in particular, a thermal radical polymerization initiator may be contained.
- the thermal radical polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals by heat energy to initiate or accelerate the polymerization reaction of a polymerizable compound. By adding the thermal radical polymerization initiator, the polymerization reaction of the resin and the cross-linking agent can be promoted in the heating step for obtaining the cured product, so that the solvent resistance can be further improved.
- thermal radical polymerization initiator examples include the compounds described in paragraphs 0074 to 0118 of JP-A-2008-063554.
- the content thereof is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. More preferably, it is 5 to 15% by mass. Only one type of thermal polymerization initiator may be contained, or two or more types may be contained. When two or more kinds of thermal polymerization initiators are contained, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition may contain a thermoacid generator.
- the thermoacid generator generates an acid by heating and promotes a cross-linking reaction of at least one compound selected from a compound having a hydroxymethyl group, an alkoxymethyl group or an acyloxymethyl group, an epoxy compound, an oxetane compound and a benzoxazine compound. It has the effect of making it.
- the thermal decomposition start temperature of the thermal acid generator is preferably 50 ° C. to 270 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. Further, no acid is generated during drying (pre-baking: about 70 to 140 ° C.) after applying the pattern-forming composition to the substrate, and final heating (cure: about 100 to 400) after patterning in subsequent exposure and development. It is preferable to select an agent that generates an acid at (° C.)) as the thermal acid generator because it can suppress a decrease in sensitivity during development.
- the thermal decomposition start temperature is determined as the peak temperature of the exothermic peak, which is the lowest temperature when the thermal acid generator is heated to 500 ° C. at 5 ° C./min in a pressure-resistant capsule. Examples of the device used for measuring the thermal decomposition start temperature include Q2000 (manufactured by TA Instruments).
- the acid generated from the thermal acid generator is preferably a strong acid, for example, aryl sulfonic acid such as p-toluene sulfonic acid and benzene sulfonic acid, alkyl sulfonic acid such as methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid and butane sulfonic acid, or trifluoromethane.
- aryl sulfonic acid such as p-toluene sulfonic acid and benzene sulfonic acid
- alkyl sulfonic acid such as methane sulfonic acid, ethane sulfonic acid and butane sulfonic acid
- haloalkyl sulfonic acid such as sulfonic acid is preferable.
- thermoacid generator include those described in paragraph 0055 of JP2013-072935.
- those that generate an alkyl sulfonic acid having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl sulfonic acid having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are more preferable from the viewpoint that there is little residue in the organic film and it is difficult to deteriorate the physical properties of the organic film.
- thermoacid generator the compound described in paragraph 0059 of JP2013-167742A is also preferable as the thermoacid generator.
- the content of the thermoacid generator is preferably 0.01 part by mass or more, more preferably 0.1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific resin.
- the content of the thermoacid generator is preferably 0.01 part by mass or more, more preferably 0.1 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the specific resin.
- the pattern-forming composition may further contain an onium salt.
- an onium salt when the pattern-forming composition contains a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor as the specific resin, it is preferable to contain an onium salt.
- the type of onium salt and the like are not particularly specified, but ammonium salt, iminium salt, sulfonium salt, iodonium salt or phosphonium salt are preferably mentioned.
- an ammonium salt or an iminium salt is preferable from the viewpoint of high thermal stability, and a sulfonium salt, an iodonium salt or a phosphonium salt is preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with a polymer.
- the onium salt is a salt of a cation and an anion having an onium structure, and the cation and the anion may or may not be bonded via a covalent bond. .. That is, the onium salt may be an intramolecular salt having a cation part and an anion part in the same molecular structure, or a cation molecule and an anion molecule, which are different molecules, are ionically bonded. It may be an intermolecular salt, but it is preferably an intermolecular salt. Further, in the pattern-forming composition, the cation portion or the cation molecule and the anion portion or the anion molecule may be bonded or dissociated by an ionic bond.
- an ammonium cation, a pyridinium cation, a sulfonium cation, an iodonium cation or a phosphonium cation is preferable, and at least one cation selected from the group consisting of a tetraalkylammonium cation, a sulfonium cation and an iodonium cation is more preferable.
- the onium salt used in the present invention may be a thermal base generator described later.
- the thermal base generator refers to a compound that generates a base by heating, and examples thereof include a compound that generates a base when heated to 40 ° C. or higher.
- Examples of the onium salt include the onium salt described in paragraphs 0122 to 0138 of International Publication No. 2018/043262.
- onium salts used in the field of polyimide precursors can be used without particular limitation.
- the content of the onium salt is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, further preferably 0.85% by mass or more, and even more preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, further preferably 20% by mass or less, further preferably 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, or 4% by mass or less.
- the onium salt one kind or two or more kinds can be used. When two or more kinds are used, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition may further contain a thermal base generator.
- a thermal base generator when the pattern-forming composition contains a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor as the specific resin, it is preferable to include a thermal base generator.
- the other thermobase generator may be a compound corresponding to the above-mentioned onium salt, or may be a thermobase generator other than the above-mentioned onium salt.
- the thermobase generator other than the above-mentioned onium salt include nonionic thermobase generators.
- the nonionic thermal base generator include compounds represented by the formula (B1) or the formula (B2).
- Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 are independently organic groups, halogen atoms or hydrogen atoms having no tertiary amine structure. However, Rb 1 and Rb 2 do not become hydrogen atoms at the same time. Further, none of Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 has a carboxy group.
- the tertiary amine structure refers to a structure in which all three bonds of a trivalent nitrogen atom are covalently bonded to a hydrocarbon-based carbon atom. Therefore, this does not apply when the bonded carbon atom is a carbon atom forming a carbonyl group, that is, when an amide group is formed together with a nitrogen atom.
- Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 contains a cyclic structure, and it is more preferable that at least two of them contain a cyclic structure.
- the cyclic structure may be either a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring, and a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring in which two monocyclic rings are condensed is preferable.
- the single ring is preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring, and preferably a 6-membered ring.
- a cyclohexane ring and a benzene ring are preferable, and a cyclohexane ring is more preferable.
- Rb 1 and Rb 2 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms), and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms).
- 2-18 is more preferred, 3-12 is more preferred
- ⁇ 25 is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable, and 7 to 12 is even more preferable).
- Rb 1 and Rb 2 may be coupled to each other to form a ring.
- Rb 1 and Rb 2 are particularly linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups which may have substituents (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12). It is more preferably a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent (preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms) and having a substituent.
- substituents preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12
- It is more preferably a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent (preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms) and having a substituent.
- cyclohexyl groups are more preferred.
- Rb 3 examples include an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms) and an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, 6 to 18 carbon atoms). ⁇ 10 is more preferable), an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, 7 to 19 carbon atoms are more preferable).
- 7 to 12 are more preferable), an arylalkenyl group (preferably 8 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 20 carbon atoms, still more preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms), an alkoxyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, 2 to 2 to 24).
- 18 is more preferred, 3 to 12 are more preferred), aryloxy groups (6 to 22 carbon atoms are preferred, 6 to 18 are more preferred, 6 to 12 are even more preferred), or arylalkyloxy groups (7 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred).
- 23 is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable, and 7 to 12 is even more preferable).
- a cycloalkyl group (preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkenyl group, and an arylalkyloxy group are preferable.
- Rb 3 may further have a substituent as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
- the compound represented by the formula (B1) is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (B1-1) or the following formula (B1-2).
- Rb 11 and Rb 12 , and Rb 31 and Rb 32 are the same as Rb 1 and Rb 2 in the formula (B1), respectively.
- Rb 13 has an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms) and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms, 3 to 12 carbon atoms). Is more preferable), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms), an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 19 carbon atoms). 7 to 12 is more preferable), and a substituent may be provided as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited.
- Rb 13 is preferably an arylalkyl group.
- Rb 33 and Rb 34 independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms).
- Rb 33 and Rb 34 independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms).
- 2 to 8 are more preferable, 2 to 3 are more preferable
- aryl groups (6 to 22 carbon atoms are preferable, 6 to 18 are more preferable, 6 to 10 are more preferable
- 23 is preferable, 7 to 19 is more preferable, and 7 to 11 is even more preferable), and a hydrogen atom is preferable.
- Rb 35 has an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms) and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 3 to 10 carbon atoms). 8 is more preferred), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 12), an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 19 carbon atoms). , 7-12 is more preferable), and an aryl group is preferable.
- the compound represented by the formula (B1-1) is also preferable.
- Rb 11 and Rb 12 have the same meanings as Rb 11 and Rb 12 in the formula (B1-1).
- Rb 15 and Rb 16 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms), and an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 6 carbon atoms). More preferably, 2 to 3 are more preferable), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, still more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms), and an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, 7).
- Rb 17 is an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 24 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, further preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms), an alkenyl group (preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 3 to 8 carbon atoms). Is more preferable), an aryl group (preferably 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, further preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms), and an arylalkyl group (preferably 7 to 23 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 19 carbon atoms). 7 to 12 is more preferable), and an aryl group is particularly preferable.
- the molecular weight of the nonionic thermal base generator is preferably 800 or less, more preferably 600 or less, and even more preferably 500 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 200 or more, and even more preferably 300 or more.
- thermo base generators or specific examples of thermal base generators other than the above-mentioned onium salts include the following compounds.
- the content of the other thermal base generator is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition.
- the lower limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, further preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 30% by mass or less, further preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the thermal base generator one kind or two or more kinds can be used. When two or more kinds are used, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains a cross-linking agent.
- the cross-linking agent include radical cross-linking agents and other cross-linking agents.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably further contains a radical cross-linking agent.
- the radical cross-linking agent is a compound having a radically polymerizable group.
- a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond is preferable.
- the group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond include a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as a vinyl group, an allyl group, a vinylphenyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group.
- the (meth) acryloyl group is preferable as the group containing the ethylenically unsaturated bond, and the (meth) acryloyl group is more preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- the radical cross-linking agent may be a compound having one or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds, but is more preferably a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
- the compound having two ethylenically unsaturated bonds is preferably a compound having two groups containing the ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains a compound having three or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds as a radical cross-linking agent.
- the compound having 3 or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds a compound having 3 to 15 ethylenically unsaturated bonds is preferable, and a compound having 3 to 10 ethylenically unsaturated bonds is more preferable, and 3 to 6 compounds are more preferable.
- the compound having is more preferable.
- the compound having 3 or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds is preferably a compound having 3 or more groups containing the ethylenically unsaturated bond, and more preferably a compound having 3 to 15 ethylenically unsaturated bonds.
- a compound having 3 to 10 is more preferable, and a compound having 3 to 6 is particularly preferable.
- the pattern-forming composition contains a compound having two ethylenically unsaturated bonds and a compound having three or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds. ..
- the molecular weight of the radical cross-linking agent is preferably 2,000 or less, more preferably 1,500 or less, and even more preferably 900 or less.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight of the radical cross-linking agent is preferably 100 or more.
- radical cross-linking agent examples include unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, etc.), esters thereof, and amides, and are preferable.
- an addition reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a nucleophilic substituent such as a hydroxy group, an amino group or a sulfanyl group with a monofunctional or polyfunctional isocyanate group or an epoxy group, or a monofunctional or polyfunctional group.
- a dehydration condensation reaction product with a functional carboxylic acid is also preferably used.
- an addition reaction product of an unsaturated carboxylic acid ester or amide having a polyelectron substituent such as an isocyanate group or an epoxy group with monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols, amines and thiols, and a halogeno group.
- Substitution reaction products of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or amides having a desorbing substituent such as tosyloxy group and monofunctional or polyfunctional alcohols, amines and thiols are also suitable.
- radical cross-linking agent a compound having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher under normal pressure is also preferable.
- examples are polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethyl ethanetri (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol.
- a compound obtained by adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to a functional alcohol and then (meth) acrylated, is described in JP-A-48-041708, JP-A-50-006034, and JP-A-51-0379193.
- Examples thereof include polyfunctional acrylates and methacrylates such as epoxy acrylates which are reaction products with acids, and mixtures thereof.
- the compounds described in paragraphs 0254 to 0257 of JP-A-2008-292970 are also suitable.
- a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate obtained by reacting a polyfunctional carboxylic acid with a cyclic ether group such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate and a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond can also be mentioned.
- a preferable radical cross-linking agent other than the above it has a fluorene ring and has an ethylenically unsaturated bond, which is described in JP-A-2010-160418, JP-A-2010-129825, Patent No. 4364216 and the like.
- Compounds having two or more groups and cardo resins can also be used.
- the compound described in JP-A No. 10-062986 together with specific examples as the formulas (1) and (2), which is obtained by adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to a polyfunctional alcohol and then (meth) acrylated, is also available. It can be used as a radical cross-linking agent.
- dipentaerythritol triacrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-330; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-320; Nihon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) ), A-TMMT: Shin Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate (commercially available KAYARAD D-310; Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) ) Acrylate (commercially available KAYARAD DPHA; manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., A-DPH; manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and these (meth) acryloyl groups are mediated by ethylene glycol residues or propylene glycol residues. A structure that is bonded together is preferable.
- SR-494 which is a tetrafunctional acrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains manufactured by Sartmer
- SR-209 manufactured by Sartmer which is a bifunctional methacrylate having four ethyleneoxy chains.
- DPCA-60 a hexafunctional acrylate having 6 pentyleneoxy chains manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- TPA-330 a trifunctional acrylate having 3 isobutyleneoxy chains
- urethane oligomer UAS-10 are examples of the radical cross-linking agent.
- UAB-140 (manufactured by Nippon Paper Co., Ltd.), NK Ester M-40G, NK Ester 4G, NK Ester M-9300, NK Ester A-9300, UA-7200 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), DPHA-40H (Japan) Chemicals (manufactured by Kayaku Co., Ltd.), UA-306H, UA-306T, UA-306I, AH-600, T-600, AI-600 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), Blemmer PME400 (manufactured by Nichiyu Co., Ltd.), etc. Can be mentioned.
- radical cross-linking agent examples include urethane acrylates as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-041708, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 51-037193, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-0322293, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 02-016765.
- Urethane compounds having an ethylene oxide-based skeleton described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-049860, Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-017654, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-039417, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-039418 are also suitable.
- radical cross-linking agent compounds having an amino structure or a sulfide structure in the molecule, which are described in JP-A-63-277653, JP-A-63-260909, and JP-A-01-105238, are used. You can also do it.
- the radical cross-linking agent may be a radical cross-linking agent having an acid group such as a carboxy group or a phosphoric acid group.
- the radical cross-linking agent having an acid group is preferably an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and an acid group is obtained by reacting an unreacted hydroxy group of the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound with a non-aromatic carboxylic acid anhydride.
- the radical cross-linking agent provided with the above is more preferable.
- the aliphatic polyhydroxy compound is pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol. Is a compound.
- examples of commercially available products include M-510 and M-520 as polybasic acid-modified acrylic oligomers manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.
- the acid value of the radical cross-linking agent having an acid group is preferably 0.1 to 40 mgKOH / g, and particularly preferably 5 to 30 mgKOH / g.
- the acid value of the radical cross-linking agent is within the above range, it is excellent in manufacturable handling and further excellent in developability. Moreover, the polymerizability is good.
- the acid value of the radical cross-linking agent having an acid group is preferably 0.1 to 300 mgKOH / g, and particularly preferably 1 to 100 mgKOH / g. The acid value is measured according to the description of JIS K 0070: 1992.
- bifunctional methacrylate or acrylate as the pattern-forming composition.
- Specific compounds include triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, PEG200 diacrylate, PEG200 dimethacrylate, PEG600 diacrylate, PEG600 dimethacrylate, and polytetraethylene.
- Glycoglycyl diacrylate polytetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6 hexanediol Dimethacrylate, dimethyrol-tricyclodecanediacrylate, dimethyrol-tricyclodecanedimethacrylate, EO adduct diacrylate of bisphenol A, EO adux glycol dimethacrylate of bisphenol A, PO adduct diacrylate of bisphenol A, PO of bisphenol A Additives dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropyl methacrylate, isocyanuric acid EO-modified diacrylate, isocyanuric acid-modified dimethacrylate, other bifunctional acrylates having a ure
- a monofunctional radical cross-linking agent can be preferably used as the radical cross-linking agent.
- the monofunctional radical cross-linking agent include n-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carbitol (meth) acrylate, and cyclohexyl (meth).
- N-vinyl compounds such as acrylic acid derivatives, N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam, and allyl compounds such as allylglycidyl ether, diallyl phthalate and triallyl trimellitate are preferably used.
- the monofunctional radical cross-linking agent a compound having a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher under normal pressure is also preferable in order to suppress volatilization before exposure.
- the content thereof is preferably more than 0% by mass and 60% by mass or less with respect to the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition.
- the lower limit is more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 50% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the radical cross-linking agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are used in combination, the total amount is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains another cross-linking agent different from the above-mentioned radical cross-linking agent.
- the other cross-linking agent refers to a cross-linking agent other than the above-mentioned radical cross-linking agent, and is exposed to the above-mentioned photosensitive agent to form a pattern with another compound in the pattern-forming composition or a reaction product thereof.
- a compound having a plurality of groups in the molecule that promotes a reaction for forming a covalent bond is preferable, and a reaction for forming a covalent bond with another compound in the pattern-forming composition or a reaction product thereof.
- a compound having a plurality of groups in the molecule promoted by the action of an acid or a base is preferable.
- the acid or base is preferably an acid or base generated from a photoacid generator or a photobase generator which is a photosensitizer in the exposure step.
- a compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group is preferable, and at least one group selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group is preferable.
- a compound having a structure directly bonded to a nitrogen atom is more preferable.
- an amino group-containing compound such as melamine, glycoluril, urea, alkylene urea, or benzoguanamine is reacted with formaldehyde or formaldehyde and alcohol, and the hydrogen atom of the amino group is changed to a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group.
- examples thereof include compounds having a substituted structure.
- the method for producing these compounds is not particularly limited, and any compound having the same structure as the compound produced by the above method may be used. Further, it may be an oligomer formed by self-condensing the methylol groups of these compounds.
- the cross-linking agent using melamine is a melamine-based cross-linking agent
- the cross-linking agent using glycoluril, urea or alkylene urea is a urea-based cross-linking agent
- the cross-linking agent using alkylene urea is an alkylene urea-based cross-linking agent.
- a cross-linking agent using an agent or benzoguanamine is called a benzoguanamine-based cross-linking agent.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a urea-based cross-linking agent and a melamine-based cross-linking agent, and is preferably a glycoluril-based cross-linking agent and a melamine-based cross-linking agent described later. It is more preferable to contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of.
- melamine-based cross-linking agent examples include hexamethoxymethyl melamine, hexaethoxymethyl melamine, hexapropoxymethyl melamine, hexabutoxybutyl melamine and the like.
- urea-based cross-linking agent examples include monohydroxymethylated glycol uryl, dihydroxymethylated glycol uryl, trihydroxymethylated glycol uryl, tetrahydroxymethylated glycol uryl, monomethoxymethylated glycol uryl, and dimethoxymethylated glycol uryl.
- Glycol-uryl-based cross-linking agent such as bismethoxymethylurea, bisethoxymethylurea, bispropoxymethylurea, and bisbutoxymethylurea, Monohydroxymethylated ethylene urea or dihydroxymethylated ethylene urea, monomethoxymethylated ethylene urea, dimethoxymethylated ethylene urea, monoethoxymethylated ethylene urea, diethoxymethylated ethylene urea, monopropoxymethylated ethylene urea, dipropoxymethyl Ethyleneurea-based cross-linking agents such as ethyleneurea, monobutoxymethylated, or dibutoxymethylated ethyleneurea, Monohydroxymethylated propylene urea, dihydroxymethylated propylene urea, monomethoxymethylated propylene urea, dimethoxymethylated propylene urea, monodiethoxymethylated propylene urea, diethoxymethylated propylene urea, monopropoxymethylated propy
- benzoguanamine-based cross-linking agent examples include monohydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, dihydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, trihydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetrahydroxymethylated benzoguanamine, monomethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, and trimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine.
- Tetramethoxymethylated benzoguanamine Tetramethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, monomethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, trimethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetraethoxymethylated benzoguanamine, monopropoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dipropoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tripropoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetrapropoxy Examples thereof include methylated benzoguanamine, monobutoxymethylated benzoguanamine, dibutoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tributoxymethylated benzoguanamine, tetrabutoxymethylated benzoguanamine and the like.
- the compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group at least one selected from the group consisting of a methylol group and an alkoxymethyl group on an aromatic ring (preferably a benzene ring).
- Compounds to which the group of the species is directly bonded are also preferably used. Specific examples of such compounds include benzenedimethanol, bis (hydroxymethyl) cresol, bis (hydroxymethyl) dimethoxybenzene, bis (hydroxymethyl) diphenyl ether, bis (hydroxymethyl) benzophenone, and hydroxymethylphenyl hydroxymethylbenzoate.
- suitable commercially available products include 46DMOC, 46DMOEP (all manufactured by Asahi Organic Materials Industry Co., Ltd.), DML-PC, DML-PEP, DML-OC, and DML-OEP.
- the pattern-forming composition contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an epoxy compound, an oxetane compound, and a benzoxazine compound as another cross-linking agent.
- Epoxy compound compound having an epoxy group
- the epoxy compound is preferably a compound having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- the epoxy group undergoes a cross-linking reaction at 200 ° C. or lower, and the dehydration reaction derived from the cross-linking does not occur, so that film shrinkage is unlikely to occur. Therefore, the inclusion of the epoxy compound is effective in suppressing low-temperature curing and warpage of the pattern-forming composition.
- the epoxy compound preferably contains a polyethylene oxide group.
- the polyethylene oxide group means that the number of repeating units of ethylene oxide is 2 or more, and the number of repeating units is preferably 2 to 15.
- epoxy compounds include bisphenol A type epoxy resin; bisphenol F type epoxy resin; propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, butylene glycol diglycidyl ether, hexamethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, the contained silicone.
- oxetane compound compound having an oxetanyl group
- examples of the oxetane compound include compounds having two or more oxetane rings in one molecule, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, 1,4-bis ⁇ [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxy] methyl ⁇ benzene, and the like.
- examples thereof include 3-ethyl-3- (2-ethylhexylmethyl) oxetane, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl] ester, and the like.
- the Aron Oxetane series manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. (for example, OXT-121, OXT-221, OXT-191, OXT-223) can be preferably used, and these can be used alone. Alternatively, two or more types may be mixed.
- Benzoxazine compound (compound having a benzoxazolyl group) Since the benzoxazine compound is a cross-linking reaction derived from the cycloaddition reaction, degassing does not occur during curing, and heat shrinkage is further reduced to suppress the occurrence of warpage, which is preferable.
- benzoxazine compound are BA type benzoxazine, Bm type benzoxazine, Pd type benzoxazine, FA type benzoxazine (above, trade name, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), poly.
- examples thereof include a benzoxazine adduct of a hydroxystyrene resin and a phenol novolac type dihydrobenzoxazine compound. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the other cross-linking agent is preferably 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, and 0.5 by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. It is more preferably to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 10% by mass.
- the other cross-linking agent may be contained in only one kind, or may be contained in two or more kinds. When two or more other cross-linking agents are contained, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition further comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a sulfonamide structure and a compound having a thiourea structure. It is preferable to include it.
- the sulfonamide structure is a structure represented by the following formula (S-1).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group
- R may be bonded to another structure to form a ring structure
- * may independently form a binding site with another structure. show.
- the R is preferably the same group as R 2 in the following formula (S-2).
- the compound having a sulfonamide structure may be a compound having two or more sulfonamide structures, but is preferably a compound having one sulfonamide structure.
- the compound having a sulfonamide structure is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (S-2).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and two or more of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are bonded to each other. It may form a ring structure. It is preferable that R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently monovalent organic groups.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 include a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an aryl ether group, and a carboxy group.
- examples thereof include a carbonyl group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, or a group in which two or more of these are combined.
- the alkyl group an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an isopropyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group and the like.
- a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and the like.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group and the like.
- As the alkoxysilyl group an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxysilyl group include a methoxysilyl group, an ethoxysilyl group, a propoxysilyl group and a butoxysilyl group.
- aryl group an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the aryl group may have a substituent such as an alkyl group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group and the like.
- heterocyclic group examples include a triazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an isoxazole ring, an isothiazole ring, a tetrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring and a pyrimididin ring.
- R 1 is an aryl group and R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups are preferable.
- Examples of compounds having a sulfonamide structure include benzenesulfonamide, dimethylbenzenesulfonamide, N-butylbenzenesulfonamide, sulfanylamide, o-toluenesulfonamide, p-toluenesulfonamide, hydroxynaphthalenesulfonamide, naphthalene-1.
- the thiourea structure is a structure represented by the following formula (T-1).
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and R 4 and R 5 may be bonded to form a ring structure, where R 4 is. * it is may form a ring structure and other structures that bind, R 5 may form a ring structure and other structures that bind *, * is independently other Represents the site of connection with the structure of.
- R 4 and R 5 are independently hydrogen atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 include a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an aryl ether group, a carboxy group, and a carbonyl group.
- examples thereof include an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, or a group in which two or more of these are combined.
- the alkyl group an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an isopropyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group and the like.
- a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and a cycloalkyl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and the like.
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group and the like.
- As the alkoxysilyl group an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Examples of the alkoxysilyl group include a methoxysilyl group, an ethoxysilyl group, a propoxysilyl group and a butoxysilyl group.
- aryl group an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms is preferable, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the aryl group may have a substituent such as an alkyl group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, a naphthyl group and the like.
- heterocyclic group examples include a triazole ring, a pyrrole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an isoxazole ring, an isothiazole ring, a tetrazole ring, a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring and a pyrimididin ring.
- the compound having a thiourea structure may be a compound having two or more thiourea structures, but a compound having one thiourea structure is preferable.
- the compound having a thiourea structure is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (T-2).
- R 4 to R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and at least two of R 4 to R 7 are bonded to each other to form a ring structure. You may.
- R 4 and R 5 have the same meanings as R 4 and R 5 in formula (T-1), a preferable embodiment thereof is also the same.
- R 6 and R 7 are independently monovalent organic groups.
- the preferred embodiment of the monovalent organic group in R 6 and R 7 is the same as the preferred embodiment of the monovalent organic group in R 4 and R 5 in the formula (T-1). ..
- Examples of compounds having a thiourea structure include N-acetylthiourea, N-allyl thiourea, N-allyl-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl) thiourea, 1-adamantyl thiourea, N-benzoylthiourea, N, N'-.
- Diphenylthiourea 1-benzyl-phenylthiourea, 1,3-dibutylthiourea, 1,3-diisopropylthiourea, 1,3-dicyclohexylthiourea, 1- (3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl) -3-methylthiourea, trimethyl Examples thereof include thiourea, tetramethylthiourea, N, N-diphenylthiourea, ethylenethiourea (2-imidazolinthione), carbimazole, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiohydrantin.
- the total content of the compound having a sulfonamide structure and the compound having a thiourea structure is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the pattern-forming composition. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.2 to 3% by mass.
- the pattern-forming composition may contain only one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a sulfonamide structure and a compound having a thiourea structure, or may contain two or more compounds. When only one kind is contained, the content of the compound is preferably in the above range, and when two or more kinds are contained, the total amount thereof is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably further contains a migration inhibitor.
- a migration inhibitor By including the migration inhibitor, it is possible to effectively suppress the movement of metal ions derived from the metal layer (metal wiring) into the photosensitive film.
- the migration inhibitor is not particularly limited, but has a heterocyclic ring (pyran ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, isooxazole ring, isothiazole ring, tetrazole ring, etc.
- a heterocyclic ring pyran ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, triazole ring, oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyrazole ring, isooxazole ring, isothiazole ring, tetrazole ring, etc.
- an ion trap agent that traps anions such as halogen ions can also be used.
- Examples of other migration inhibitors include the rust preventive agent described in paragraph 0094 of JP2013-015701, the compound described in paragraphs 0073 to 0076 of JP2009-283711, and JP-A-2011-059656.
- the compound described in paragraph 0052, the compound described in paragraphs 0114, 0116 and 0118 of JP2012-194520A, the compound described in paragraph 0166 of International Publication No. 2015/199219 and the like can be used.
- the migration inhibitor include the following compounds.
- the content of the migration inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition, and is 0. It is more preferably 0.05 to 2.0% by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by mass.
- the migration inhibitor may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more types of migration inhibitors, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains a polymerization inhibitor.
- polymerization inhibitor examples include hydroquinone, o-methoxyphenol, methoxyhydroquinone, p-methoxyphenol, di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, pyrogallol, p-tert-butylcatechol (t-butylcatechol), 1, 4-benzoquinone, diphenyl-p-benzoquinone, 4,4'-thiobis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), N-nitroso- N-phenylhydroxyamine aluminum salt, phenothiazine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, N-phenylnaphthylamine, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine tetraacetic acid, glycol etherdiamine tetraacetic acid, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 -Methylphenol,
- the content of the polymerization inhibitor is 0.01 to 20.0% by mass, 0.01 to 20.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. It is preferably ⁇ 5% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 3% by mass, and even more preferably 0.05 to 2.5% by mass.
- the polymerization inhibitor may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more types of polymerization inhibitors, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains a metal adhesiveness improving agent for improving the adhesiveness with a metal material used for electrodes, wiring, and the like.
- the metal adhesiveness improving agent include a silane coupling agent, an aluminum-based adhesive aid, a titanium-based adhesive aid, a compound having a sulfonamide structure and a compound having a thiourea structure, a phosphoric acid derivative compound, a ⁇ -ketoester compound, an amino compound and the like. And so on.
- silane coupling agent examples include the compound described in paragraph 0167 of International Publication No. 2015/199219, the compound described in paragraphs 0062 to 0073 of JP-A-2014-191002, paragraph of International Publication No. 2011/080992.
- Examples include the compounds described in paragraph 0055.
- Et represents an ethyl group.
- silane coupling agents examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 3-glycid.
- Aluminum-based adhesive aid examples include aluminum tris (ethyl acetoacetate), aluminum tris (acetyl acetonate), ethyl acetoacetate aluminum diisopropylate, and the like.
- the compounds described in paragraphs 0046 to 0049 of JP2014-186186A and the sulfide compounds described in paragraphs 0032 to 0043 of JP2013-072935 can also be used. ..
- the content of the metal adhesive improving agent is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, and further preferably 0. It is in the range of 5 to 5 parts by mass.
- the metal adhesiveness improving agent may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total is in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably contains a metal adhesiveness improving agent for improving the adhesiveness with a metal material used for electrodes, wiring, and the like.
- a metal adhesiveness improving agent for improving the adhesiveness with a metal material used for electrodes, wiring, and the like.
- the metal adhesiveness improving agent the compounds described in paragraphs 0046 to 0049 of JP2014-186186A and the sulfide compounds described in paragraphs 0032 to 0043 of JP2013-072935 can also be used.
- the content of the metal adhesion improver is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, and further, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heterocycle-containing polymer precursor. It is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 parts by mass.
- the metal adhesiveness improving agent may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total is in the above range.
- the pattern-forming composition is, if necessary, various additives such as a sensitizer, a chain transfer agent, a surfactant, a higher fatty acid derivative, an inorganic particle, and a curing agent, as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- various additives such as a sensitizer, a chain transfer agent, a surfactant, a higher fatty acid derivative, an inorganic particle, and a curing agent, as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- Curing catalyst, filler, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, anti-aggregation agent and the like can be blended.
- the total blending amount is preferably 3% by mass or less of the solid content of the pattern-forming composition.
- the pattern-forming composition may contain a sensitizer.
- the sensitizer absorbs specific active radiation and becomes an electronically excited state.
- the sensitizer in the electronically excited state comes into contact with the thermal curing accelerator, the thermal radical polymerization initiator, the photoradical polymerization initiator, and the like, and acts such as electron transfer, energy transfer, and heat generation occur.
- the thermal curing accelerator, the thermal radical polymerization initiator, and the photoradical polymerization initiator undergo a chemical change and decompose to generate a radical, an acid, or a base.
- sensitizer examples include Michler's ketone, 4,4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 2,5-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal) cyclopentane, and 2,6-bis (4'-diethylaminobenzal).
- a sensitizing dye may be used as the sensitizer.
- the description in paragraphs 0161 to 0163 of JP-A-2016-027355 can be referred to, and the content thereof is incorporated in the present specification.
- the content of the sensitizer is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. It is more preferably 15% by mass, and even more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass.
- the sensitizer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the pattern-forming composition may contain a chain transfer agent.
- Chain transfer agents are defined, for example, in the Polymer Dictionary, Third Edition (edited by the Society of Polymer Science, 2005), pp. 683-684.
- As the chain transfer agent for example, a group of compounds having SH, PH, SiH, and GeH in the molecule is used. They can donate hydrogen to low-activity radicals to generate radicals, or they can be oxidized and then deprotonated to generate radicals.
- thiol compounds can be preferably used.
- the content of the chain transfer agent is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition, preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass. Parts are more preferable, and 1 to 5 parts by mass are further preferable.
- the chain transfer agent may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more types of chain transfer agents, the total is preferably in the above range.
- a surfactant may be added to the pattern-forming composition from the viewpoint of further improving the coatability.
- various types of surfactants such as a fluorine-based surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and a silicone-based surfactant can be used.
- the following surfactants are also preferable.
- the parentheses indicating the repeating unit of the main chain indicate the content (mol%) of each repeating unit
- the parentheses indicating the repeating unit of the side chain indicate the number of repetitions of each repeating unit.
- the surfactant the compound described in paragraphs 0159 to 0165 of International Publication No.
- fluorine-based surfactant a fluorine-containing polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain can also be used as the fluorine-based surfactant.
- Specific examples thereof include compounds described in paragraphs 0050 to 0090 and paragraphs 0289 to 0295 of JP2010-164965, such as Megafuck RS-101, RS-102, RS-718K manufactured by DIC Corporation. Can be mentioned.
- the fluorine content in the fluorine-based surfactant is preferably 3 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and particularly preferably 7 to 25% by mass.
- a fluorine-based surfactant having a fluorine content within this range is effective in terms of uniformity in the thickness of the coating film and liquid saving, and has good solubility in the composition.
- silicone-based surfactant examples include Torre Silicone DC3PA, Torre Silicone SH7PA, Torre Silicone DC11PA, Torre Silicone SH21PA, Torre Silicone SH28PA, Torre Silicone SH29PA, Torre Silicone SH30PA, Torre Silicone SH8400 (all, Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.). ), TSF-4440, TSF-4300, TSF-4445, TSF-4460, TSF-4452 (all manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials), KP341, KF6001, KF6002 (all manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) ), BYK307, BYK323, BYK330 (all manufactured by Big Chemie Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- hydrocarbon-based surfactant examples include Pionin A-76, New Calgen FS-3PG, Pionin B-709, Pionin B-811-N, Pionin D-1004, Pionin D-3104, Pionin D-3605, and Pionin.
- Nonionic surfactants include glycerol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane and their ethoxylates and propoxylates (eg, glycerol propoxylate, glycerol ethoxylate, etc.), polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers, etc.
- organosiloxane polymer KP341 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- (meth) acrylic acid-based (co) polymer Polyflow No. 75, No. 77, No. 90, No. 95 manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- W001 manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.
- anion-type surfactant examples include W004, W005, W017 (manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.), Sandet BL (manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and the like.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.001 to 2.0% by mass, based on the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition. It is preferably 0.005 to 1.0% by mass.
- the surfactant may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more types of surfactant, the total is preferably in the above range.
- a higher fatty acid derivative such as behenic acid or behenic acid amide is added in order to prevent polymerization inhibition due to oxygen, and the surface of the pattern-forming composition is dried in the process of drying after application. It may be unevenly distributed in.
- the content of the higher fatty acid derivative is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the pattern-forming composition.
- the higher fatty acid derivative may be only one kind or two or more kinds. When there are two or more higher fatty acid derivatives, the total is preferably in the above range.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain inorganic particles.
- specific examples of the inorganic particles include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, silica, kaolin, talc, titanium dioxide, alumina, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, molybdenum sulfide, and glass.
- the average particle size of the inorganic particles is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.02 to 1.5 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.03 to 1.0 ⁇ m, and 0.04 to 0.5 ⁇ m. Especially preferable.
- the composition of the present invention may contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- an ultraviolet absorber such as salicylate-based, benzophenone-based, benzotriazole-based, substituted acrylonitrile-based, or triazine-based can be used.
- salicylate-based ultraviolet absorbers include phenylsalicylate, p-octylphenyl salicylate, pt-butylphenyl salicylate and the like
- benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-.
- Methoxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, 2,2', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2- Hydroxyl-4-octoxybenzophenone and the like can be mentioned.
- benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers include 2- (2'-hydroxy-3', 5'-di-tert-butylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole and 2- (2'-hydroxy-3).
- Examples of the substituted acrylonitrile-based ultraviolet absorber include ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, and the like.
- the triazine-based ultraviolet absorber 2- [4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) )-1,3,5-Triazine, 2- [4-[(2-Hydroxy-3-tridecyloxypropyl) oxy] -2-hydroxyphenyl] -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) Mono (hydroxyphenyl) triazine compounds such as -1,3,5-triazine, 2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazin
- the various ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the composition of the present invention may or may not contain an ultraviolet absorber, but when it is contained, the content of the ultraviolet absorber is 0.001% by mass with respect to the total solid content mass of the composition of the present invention. It is preferably 1% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less.
- the resin composition of the present embodiment may contain an organic titanium compound. Since the resin composition contains an organic titanium compound, a resin layer having excellent chemical resistance can be formed even when cured at a low temperature.
- Examples of the organic titanium compound that can be used include those in which an organic group is bonded to a titanium atom via a covalent bond or an ionic bond.
- Specific examples of the organic titanium compound are shown in I) to VII) below:
- I) Titanium chelate compound Among them, a titanium chelate compound having two or more alkoxy groups is more preferable because the negative photosensitive resin composition has good storage stability and a good curing pattern can be obtained.
- Specific examples are titanium bis (triethanolamine) diisopropoxiside, titanium di (n-butoxide) bis (2,4-pentanegenate, titanium diisopropoxiside bis (2,4-pentanegeonate)).
- Titanium Alkoxy Titanium Compounds For example, Titanium Tetra (n-Butoxide), Titanium Tetraethoxide, Titanium Tetra (2-ethylhexoxyside), Titanium Tetraisobutoxide, Titanium Tetraisopropoxyside, Titanium Tetramethoxide , Titanium Tetramethoxypropoxyside, Titanium Tetramethylphenoxide, Titanium Tetra (n-Noniloxide), Titanium Tetra (n-Propoxide), Titanium Tetrasteeryloxyside, Titanium Tetrakiss [Bis ⁇ 2,2- (Aryloxymethyl) Butokiside ⁇ ] etc.
- Titanosen compounds for example, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium trimethoxide, bis ( ⁇ 5-2,4-cyclopentadiene-1-yl) bis (2,6-difluorophenyl) titanium, bis ( ⁇ 5-2, 2). 4-Cyclopentadiene-1-yl) bis (2,6-difluoro-3- (1H-pyrrole-1-yl) phenyl) titanium and the like.
- Monoalkoxytitanium compound For example, titaniumtris (dioctylphosphate) isopropoxyside, titaniumtris (dodecylbenzenesulfonate) isopropoxyside and the like.
- Titanium oxide compound For example, titanium oxide bis (pentangionate), titanium oxide bis (tetramethylheptandionate), phthalocyanine titanium oxide and the like.
- the organic titanium compound at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned I) titanium chelate compound, II) tetraalkoxytitanium compound, and III) titanosen compound has better chemical resistance. It is preferable from the viewpoint of playing.
- -Pyrrole-1-yl) phenyl) titanium is preferred.
- the blending amount thereof is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the precursor of the cyclized resin. ..
- the blending amount is 0.05 parts by mass or more, good heat resistance and chemical resistance are exhibited in the obtained curing pattern, while when it is 10 parts by mass or less, the storage stability of the composition is excellent.
- the composition of the present invention may contain an antioxidant.
- an antioxidant By containing an antioxidant as an additive, it is possible to improve the elongation characteristics of the film after curing and the adhesion with a metal material.
- the antioxidant include a phenol compound, a phosphite ester compound, a thioether compound and the like.
- the phenol compound any phenol compound known as a phenolic antioxidant can be used.
- Preferred phenolic compounds include hindered phenolic compounds. A compound having a substituent at a site (ortho position) adjacent to the phenolic hydroxy group is preferable.
- a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms is preferable.
- a compound having a phenol group and a phosphite ester group in the same molecule is also preferable.
- a phosphorus-based antioxidant can also be preferably used.
- antioxidants include, for example, Adekastab AO-20, Adekastab AO-30, Adekastab AO-40, Adekastab AO-50, Adekastab AO-50F, Adekastab AO-60, Adekastab AO-60G, and Adekastab AO-80. , ADEKA STAB AO-330 (above, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) and the like. Further, as the antioxidant, the compounds described in paragraphs 0023 to 0048 of Japanese Patent No. 6268967 can also be used. In addition, the composition of the present invention may contain a latent antioxidant, if necessary.
- the latent antioxidant is a compound in which the site that functions as an antioxidant is protected by a protecting group, and is heated at 100 to 250 ° C. or at 80 to 200 ° C. in the presence of an acid / base catalyst. This includes compounds in which the protecting group is desorbed and functions as an antioxidant.
- Examples of the latent antioxidant include compounds described in International Publication No. 2014/021023, International Publication No. 2017/030005, and JP-A-2017-008219.
- Examples of commercially available products of latent antioxidants include ADEKA ARKULS GPA-5001 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation).
- preferred antioxidants include 2,2-thiobis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 2,6-di-t-butylphenol and compounds represented by the general formula (3).
- R5 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- R6 represents an alkylene group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- R7 represents a 1- to tetravalent organic group containing at least one of an alkylene group having 2 or more carbon atoms, an O atom, and an N atom
- k represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- the compound represented by the general formula (3) suppresses oxidative deterioration of the aliphatic group and the phenolic hydroxyl group of the resin.
- metal oxidation can be suppressed by the rust preventive action on the metal material.
- k is more preferably an integer of 2 to 4.
- R7 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an arylether group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, and-.
- R7 include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl ether group, an alkylsilyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an aryl group, an arylether group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, an allyl group, a vinyl group, a heterocyclic group, and-.
- Examples thereof include O-, -NH-, -NHNH-, and combinations thereof, and may further have a substituent.
- alkyl ether and -NH- from the viewpoint of solubility in a developing solution and metal adhesion, and -NH- is more preferable from the viewpoint of interaction with a resin and metal adhesion due to metal complex formation. preferable.
- Examples of the compound represented by the following general formula (3) include the following, but the compound is not limited to the following structure.
- the amount of the antioxidant added is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass with respect to the resin.
- the addition amount is less than 0.1 part by mass, it is difficult to obtain the effect of improving the elongation property after reliability and the adhesion to the metal material, and when the addition amount is more than 10 parts by mass, it is due to the interaction with the photosensitizer. , There is a risk of reducing the sensitivity of the resin composition.
- Only one kind of antioxidant may be used, or two or more kinds may be used. When two or more kinds are used, it is preferable that the total amount thereof is within the above range.
- the water content of the pattern-forming composition is preferably less than 5% by mass, more preferably less than 1% by mass, still more preferably less than 0.6% by mass, from the viewpoint of the properties of the coated surface.
- Examples of the method for maintaining the water content include adjusting the humidity under storage conditions and reducing the porosity of the storage container.
- the metal content of the pattern-forming composition is preferably less than 5 mass ppm (parts per million), more preferably less than 1 mass ppm, still more preferably less than 0.5 mass ppm, from the viewpoint of insulating properties.
- the metal include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, chromium, nickel and the like. When a plurality of metals are contained, it is preferable that the total of these metals is in the above range.
- a pattern-forming composition is configured in which a raw material having a low metal content is selected as a raw material constituting the pattern-forming composition. Examples thereof include a method of filtering the raw material to be subjected to a filter, a method of lining the inside of the apparatus with polytetrafluoroethylene or the like, and performing distillation under conditions in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible.
- the pattern-forming composition preferably has a halogen atom content of less than 500 mass ppm, more preferably less than 300 mass ppm, and less than 200 mass ppm from the viewpoint of wiring corrosiveness. More preferred. Among them, those existing in the state of halogen ions are preferably less than 5 mass ppm, more preferably less than 1 mass ppm, and even more preferably less than 0.5 mass ppm.
- the halogen atom include a chlorine atom and a bromine atom. It is preferable that the total amount of chlorine atom and bromine atom, or chlorine ion and bromine ion is in the above range, respectively.
- ion exchange treatment and the like are preferably mentioned.
- a conventionally known storage container can be used as the storage container for the pattern-forming composition.
- a multi-layer bottle having the inner wall of the container composed of 6 types and 6 layers of resin and 7 types of resin are used as the storage container. It is also preferable to use a bottle having a layered structure. Examples of such a container include the container described in JP-A-2015-123351.
- the pattern-forming composition is preferably used for forming an interlayer insulating film for the rewiring layer. In addition, it can also be used for forming an insulating film of a semiconductor device, forming a stress buffer film, and the like.
- a resin composition or a comparative composition was produced according to the following production method.
- the types and contents of the specific resin, acid value inhibitor, other inclusions (other components) contained in the obtained resin composition or comparative composition, and the oxidation-reduction potential of the antioxidant will be described later. Listed in the table.
- the redox potential of the antioxidant was measured by the following method. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed using the WaveNano potentiometer (Pine Research Instrumentation). The following materials were used as the reference electrode, counter electrode, and working electrode.
- Reference electrode in a freshly prepared solution of 5 mmol / L silver nitrate in anhydrous acetonitrile, including the use of an acetonitrile solution of silver / silver nitrate (0.1 mol / L tetraalkylammonium tetrafluoroborate as electrolyte).
- Silver wire soaked in)
- Counter electrode Platinum wire
- Working electrode Platinum disc (diameter 1.6 mm)
- the oxidation potential of each antioxidant was measured using a solution of each antioxidant in a THF (THF) solution (5 mmol / L).
- THF THF
- As the supporting electrolyte 1 mol / L tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) was used.
- Reduction scans were measured with 0.1 mol / L TBAP acetonitrile solution relative to the THF solution (5 mmol / L) of each antioxidant. Typically, 3 cycles (6 divisions) were performed at a sweep rate of 20 mV / sec. The energy level was modified with an offset of 4.7 V to convert to vacuum level.
- a voltamogram was measured for each antioxidant solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (THF) (5 mmol / L), and the redox potential was determined as the half-wave potential obtained from the voltamogram. Further, in the table, the description of "-" means that the corresponding component is not contained.
- Example 1 21.2 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride (ODPA), 18.0 g of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), 23.9 g of pyridine, 0.10 g of water and 250 ml of diglyme. was mixed and stirred at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 4 hours to produce a diester of ODPA and HEMA. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. and 17.0 g of SOCL 2 was added over 60 minutes while keeping the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C.
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate
- This polymer A-1 had a weight average molecular weight of 26,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-1 is presumed to be the structure represented by the following formula (A-1).
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- the resulting reaction was added to 3 liters of ethyl alcohol to produce a crude polymer.
- the crude polymer was collected by filtration, dissolved in 1.5 liters of tetrahydrofuran, and then 0.3 g of p-methoxyphenol was mixed to obtain a crude polymer solution.
- the resulting crude polymer solution was added dropwise to 28 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes.
- the polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery resin composition.
- This polymer A-2 had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Example 3 14.9 g of pyromellitic anhydride, 18.0 g of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 23.9 g of pyridine, 0.10 g of water and 250 ml of diglyme were mixed and mixed at 60 ° C. Stirring at temperature for 4 hours produced a diester of pyromellitic acid anhydride and HEMA. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. and 17.0 g of SOCL 2 was added over 60 minutes while keeping the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C.
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- This polymer A-3 had a weight average molecular weight of 21,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-3 is presumed to be the structure represented by the following formula (A-3).
- Example 4 147.1 g of 2,2'-biphthalic anhydride was placed in a 2 liter volume separable flask, and 134.0 g of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 400 ml of ⁇ -butyrolactone were added. A reaction mixture was obtained by adding 79.1 g of pyridine while stirring at room temperature. After the exotherm by the reaction was completed, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and allowed to stand for another 16 hours. Next, under ice-cooling, a solution prepared by dissolving 206.3 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in 180 ml of ⁇ -butyrolactone was added to the reaction mixture over 40 minutes with stirring.
- DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- the crude polymer was collected by filtration, dissolved in 1.5 liters of tetrahydrofuran, and then 0.3 g of p-methoxyphenol was mixed to obtain a crude polymer solution.
- the resulting crude polymer solution was added dropwise to 28 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes.
- the polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery resin composition.
- This polymer A-4 had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20,500.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-4 is presumed to be a structure represented by the following formula (A-4).
- Example 5 22.0 g of 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 18.0 g of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), 23.9 g of pyridine and 0.10 g of water.
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate
- 250 ml of digrim was mixed and stirred at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 4 hours to produce a diester of 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and HEMA.
- the reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. and 17.0 g of SOCL 2 was added over 60 minutes while keeping the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C.
- This polymer A-5 had a weight average molecular weight of 22,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-5 is presumed to be the structure represented by the following formula (A-5).
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate
- This polymer A-6 had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-6 is presumed to be the structure represented by the following formula (A-6).
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- This polymer A-7 had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-7 is presumed to be the structure represented by the following formula (A-7).
- Example 8 > 21.2 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride (ODPA), 18.0 g of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), 23.9 g of pyridine, 0.10 g of water and 250 ml of diglyme. was mixed and stirred at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 4 hours to produce a diester of ODPA and HEMA. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. and 17.0 g of SOCL 2 was added over 60 minutes while keeping the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C.
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate
- This polymer A-8 had a weight average molecular weight of 25,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-8 is presumed to be the structure represented by the following formula (A-8).
- Example 9 > 21.2 g of 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride (ODPA), 18.0 g of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), 23.9 g of pyridine, 0.10 g of water and 250 ml of diglyme. was mixed and stirred at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 4 hours to produce a diester of ODPA and HEMA. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 10 ° C. and 17.0 g of SOCL 2 was added over 60 minutes while keeping the temperature at ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ° C.
- ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate
- This polymer A-9 had a weight average molecular weight of 20,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-9 is presumed to be the structure represented by the following formula (A-9).
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- This polymer A-10 had a weight average molecular weight of 22,000.
- the structure of the obtained polymer A-10 is presumed to be a structure represented by the following formula (A-10).
- Example 11 The powdery resin compositions synthesized in Examples 2 and 4 were mixed in the same amount to obtain a powdery resin composition containing two kinds of resins, an antioxidant and a solvent.
- Example 12 A crude polymer was obtained by the same operation as in Example 8. The crude polymer was dissolved in 380 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone and 0.5 g of p-methoxyphenol and 0.5 g of ascorbic acid were mixed. The resulting solution was added to 3 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. The polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery resin composition. This polymer A-8 had a weight average molecular weight of 25,000. The structure of the obtained polymer A-8 is presumed to be the structure represented by the above formula (A-8).
- Example 13 A crude polymer was obtained by the same operation as in Example 2. After dissolving the crude polymer in 1.5 liters of tetrahydrofuran, 0.3 g of p-methoxyphenol and 7.5 g of diethanolamine were mixed to obtain a crude polymer solution. The resulting crude polymer solution was added dropwise to 28 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. The polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery resin composition. This polymer A-2 had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20,000. The structure of the obtained polymer A-2 is presumed to be the structure represented by the above formula (A-2).
- Example 14 The crude polymer was synthesized by the same procedure as in Example 1. The crude polymer was dissolved in 380 ml of tetrahydrofuran and mixed with 0.1 g of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol. The resulting solution was added to 3 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. The polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery resin composition.
- Example 15 The crude polymer was synthesized by the same procedure as in Example 1. The crude polymer was dissolved in 500 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone and mixed with 0.05 g of p-methoxyphenol. The resulting solution was added to 2 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. The polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery comparative composition.
- Example 1 The crude polymer was synthesized by the same procedure as in Example 1. The crude polymer was dissolved in 380 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The resulting solution was added to 3 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. The polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery comparative composition.
- Example 2 The crude polymer was synthesized by the same procedure as in Example 1. The crude polymer was dissolved in 380 ml of tetrahydrofuran and mixed with 5.0 g of hydroquinone. The resulting solution was added to 3 liters of water to precipitate the polymer and the water-polymer mixture was stirred at a rate of 5000 rpm for 15 minutes. The polymer was filtered off again and dried under reduced pressure at 45 ° C. for 3 days to give a powdery comparative composition.
- composition of photosensitive resin composition 32 parts by mass of the resin composition or comparative composition prepared in each Example or Comparative Example
- Photoradical polymerization initiator IRGACURE OXE 01 (manufactured by BASF) 1.2 parts by mass Radical polymerizable compound: The following compound (in parentheses) Subscripts represent the number of repetitions) 5.6 parts by mass Polymerization inhibitor: 0.08 parts by mass of p-benzoquinone (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
- Migration inhibitor 0.12 parts by mass of the following compound
- Metal adhesion improver 0.6 parts by mass of the following compound (Et represents an ethyl group)
- Base generator 0.4 parts by mass of the following compound (Et represents an ethyl group)
- Solvent ⁇ -butyrolactone (manufactured by Sanwa Yuka Industry Co., Ltd.) 45 parts by mass and dimethyl sulfoxide (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Each photosensitive resin composition was pressure-filtered at a pressure of 0.3 MPa through a filter having a pore width of 0.8 ⁇ m, and then applied onto a silicon wafer by a spin coating method.
- the silicon wafer coated with the photosensitive resin composition layer was dried on a hot plate at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a photosensitive resin composition layer having a uniform film thickness of 10 ⁇ m on the silicon wafer.
- the photosensitive resin composition layer on the silicon wafer was exposed using a stepper (Nikon NSR 2005 i9C).
- the exposure is performed by i-line, and a 1: 1 line-and-space pattern is formed from 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m in 1 ⁇ m increments at each exposure energy of 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800 mJ / cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm.
- the resin layer was obtained by exposure using the photomask.
- the resin layer obtained above was negatively developed with cyclopentanone for 60 seconds and rinsed with propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA).
- PMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- the smallest line width was used as the index value. Evaluation was performed according to the following evaluation criteria using the above index values, and the evaluation results are described in the "Pattern formation" column of the table. The smaller the line width of the obtained resin layer (pattern), the larger the difference in solubility between the light-irradiated portion and the light-non-irradiated portion in the developing solution, which is a preferable result.
- the measurement limit is 5 ⁇ m.
- the resin composition of the present invention is excellent in filterability when redissolved in a solvent and pattern formation property when a pattern-forming composition is prepared by redissolution.
- the comparative composition according to Comparative Example 1 does not contain an antioxidant. It can be seen that in such a composition, the filterability is lowered after being dissolved in the solvent.
- the comparative composition according to Comparative Example 2 contains an antioxidant in an amount exceeding 10,000 mass ppm with respect to the content of the specific resin. It can be seen that when a pattern-forming composition (photosensitive resin composition) is prepared using such a composition, the pattern-forming property is lowered.
- Example 101 The photosensitive resin composition used in Example 1 was applied in a layered manner on the surface of the copper thin layer of the resin substrate having the copper thin layer formed on the surface by a spin coating method, and dried at 100 ° C. for 4 minutes. After forming a curable resin composition layer having a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m, exposure was performed using a stepper (NSR1505 i6, manufactured by Nikon Corporation). Exposure was performed via a mask (a binary mask with a pattern of 1: 1 line and space and a line width of 10 ⁇ m) at a wavelength of 365 nm. After the exposure, it was heated at 100 ° C. for 4 minutes.
- NSR1505 i6 a binary mask with a pattern of 1: 1 line and space and a line width of 10 ⁇ m
- the temperature was raised at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere, and after reaching 230 ° C., the temperature was maintained at 230 ° C. for 3 hours to form an interlayer insulating film for the rewiring layer.
- the interlayer insulating film for the rewiring layer was excellent in insulating property. Moreover, when a semiconductor device was manufactured using these interlayer insulating films for the rewiring layer, it was confirmed that the semiconductor device operated without any problem.
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Abstract
Description
上記樹脂は、乾燥により上記合成反応液から上記有機溶剤の一部を除去し、上記樹脂及び上記有機溶剤を含む、粉体状、粒体状又はペレット状の樹脂組成物の形態で用いられる場合がある。
例えば、上記樹脂を含むパターン形成用組成物等の組成物を調製する場合には、上記樹脂組成物を溶剤に再溶解する方法が行われる場合がある。
特許文献2には、可逆的熱変色性色材を内包させたマイクロカプセル、紫外線吸収剤及び酸化防止剤を、樹脂に含有させてなる感温変色樹脂組成物が記載されている。
また、上記樹脂組成物を再溶解して調製されたパターン形成用組成物においては、より微細なパターンを形成できることが求められている。
本発明において、パターン形成用組成物がより微細なパターンを形成できることを「パターン形成性に優れる」ともいう。
<1> ポリイミド前駆体、及び、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の樹脂であって、重合性基を有する樹脂、酸化防止剤、及び、有機溶剤を含み
上記酸化防止剤の含有量が、上記樹脂の含有量に対して、0.1質量ppm~10,000質量ppmであり、
粉体状、粒体状又はペレット状である
樹脂組成物。
<2> 上記有機溶剤の含有量が、樹脂組成物の全質量に対して、0を超え10質量%以下である、<1>に記載の樹脂組成物。
<3> 上記樹脂組成物の全質量に対する、上記樹脂、上記酸化防止剤、及び、上記有機溶剤の合計含有量が、95質量%以上である、<1>又は<2>に記載の樹脂組成物。
<4> 上記樹脂が、ポリイミド前駆体を含む、<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物。
<5> 上記樹脂が、下記式(2)または(3)で表される繰返し単位を含む、<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物。
式(2)
式(3)
式(2)中、A1およびA2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子またはNHを表し、R111は2価の有機基を表し、R115は、4価の有機基を表し、R113およびR114は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または1価の有機基を表し、
式(3)中、R121は、2価の有機基を表し、R122は、4価の有機基を表し、R123およびR124はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子または1価の有機基を表す。
<6> 上記重合性基が、ラジカル重合性基である、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物。
<7> 上記酸化防止剤の酸化還元電位が、0.91V以下である、<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物。
<8> 上記酸化防止剤が、フェノール系化合物、アルコール系化合物、アルデヒド系化合物、アミン系化合物、ニトロソ系化合物、リン系化合物、イオウ系化合物、および、ケトン系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、<1>~<7>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物。
<9> 上記酸化防止剤が、不飽和度が1以上のフェノール系化合物、又は、不飽和度が1以上のアルコール系化合物である、<1>~<8>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物。
<10> 上記有機溶剤が、炭化水素化合物、アルコール系化合物、カルボン酸、ケトン系化合物、エステル系化合物、エーテル系化合物、ニトリル系化合物、アミド系化合物、アミン系化合物、スルホン系化合物及びスルホキシド系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む、<1>~<9>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物。
<11> <1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物を製造する方法であって、
上記有機溶剤、及び、上記樹脂を含む製造用組成物に対して、上記酸化防止剤を添加する添加工程を含む、樹脂組成物の製造方法。
<12> 溶剤中で原料を反応させて上記樹脂を含む反応液を得る合成工程、及び、
上記反応液中の上記樹脂を再沈し、上記再沈された上記樹脂を上記有機溶剤に再溶解し、樹脂溶液を得る再沈再溶解工程を含み、
上記樹脂溶液を、上記製造用組成物として用いて上記添加工程を行う、<11>に記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法。
<13> 上記添加工程後に、上記樹脂を再沈する再沈工程を含む、<11>又は<12>に記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法。
<14> 上記再沈工程後に、上記有機溶剤を除去する乾燥工程を行う、<13>に記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法。
<15> <1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の樹脂組成物と、溶剤とを混合する混合工程を含む
パターン形成用組成物の製造方法。
<16> 上記混合工程において、感光剤を更に混合する、<15>に記載のパターン形成用組成物の製造方法。
本明細書において「~」という記号を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、その工程の所期の作用が達成できる限りにおいて、他の工程と明確に区別できない工程も含む意味である。
本明細書における基(原子団)の表記において、置換及び無置換を記していない表記は、置換基を有しない基(原子団)と共に置換基を有する基(原子団)をも包含する。例えば、「アルキル基」とは、置換基を有しないアルキル基(無置換アルキル基)のみならず、置換基を有するアルキル基(置換アルキル基)をも包含する。
本明細書において「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、光を用いた露光のみならず、電子線、イオンビーム等の粒子線を用いた露光も含む。また、露光に用いられる光としては、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線(EUV光)、X線、電子線等の活性光線又は放射線が挙げられる。
本明細書において、「(メタ)アクリレート」は、「アクリレート」及び「メタクリレート」の両方、又は、いずれかを意味し、「(メタ)アクリル」は、「アクリル」及び「メタクリル」の両方、又は、いずれかを意味し、「(メタ)アクリロイル」は、「アクリロイル」及び「メタクリロイル」の両方、又は、いずれかを意味する。
本明細書において、構造式中のMeはメチル基を表し、Etはエチル基を表し、Buはブチル基を表し、Phはフェニル基を表す。
本明細書において、全固形分とは、組成物の全成分から溶剤を除いた成分の総質量をいう。また本明細書において、固形分濃度とは、組成物の総質量に対する、溶剤を除く他の成分の質量百分率である。
本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)及び数平均分子量(Mn)は、特に述べない限り、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC測定)に従い、ポリスチレン換算値として定義される。本明細書において、重量平均分子量(Mw)及び数平均分子量(Mn)は、例えば、HLC-8220GPC(東ソー(株)製)を用い、カラムとしてガードカラムHZ-L、TSKgel Super HZM-M、TSKgel Super HZ4000、TSKgel Super HZ3000、TSKgel Super HZ2000(東ソー(株)製)を用いることによって求めることができる。それらの分子量は特に述べない限り、溶離液としてTHF(テトラヒドロフラン)を用いて測定したものとする。また、GPC測定における検出は特に述べない限り、UV線(紫外線)の波長254nm検出器を使用したものとする。
本明細書において、積層体を構成する各層の位置関係について、「上」又は「下」と記載したときには、注目している複数の層のうち基準となる層の上側又は下側に他の層があればよい。すなわち、基準となる層と上記他の層の間に、更に第3の層や要素が介在していてもよく、基準となる層と上記他の層は接している必要はない。また、特に断らない限り、基材に対し層が積み重なっていく方向を「上」と称し、又は、感光層がある場合には、基材から感光層へ向かう方向を「上」と称し、その反対方向を「下」と称する。なお、このような上下方向の設定は、本明細書中における便宜のためであり、実際の態様においては、本明細書における「上」方向は、鉛直上向きと異なることもありうる。
本明細書において、特段の記載がない限り、組成物は、組成物に含まれる各成分として、その成分に該当する2種以上の化合物を含んでもよい。また、特段の記載がない限り、組成物における各成分の含有量とは、その成分に該当する全ての化合物の合計含有量を意味する。
本明細書において、特に述べない限り、温度は23℃、気圧は101,325Pa(1気圧)、相対湿度は50%RHである。
本明細書において、好ましい態様の組み合わせは、より好ましい態様である。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、ポリイミド前駆体、及び、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の樹脂であって、重合性基を有する樹脂(以下、「特定樹脂」ともいう。)、酸化防止剤、及び、有機溶剤を含み、上記酸化防止剤の含有量が、上記樹脂の含有量に対して、0.1質量ppm~10,000質量ppmであり、粉体状、粒体状又はペレット状である。
上記効果が得られるメカニズムは不明であるが、下記のように推測される。
このように、粉体状、粒体状又はペレット状の組成物において重合が進行してしまうため、上記粉体状、粒体状又はペレット状の組成物を溶剤に再溶解した場合に、ろ過性が低下してしまう場合があった。
特に、ポリイミド前駆体、又は、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体(特に、ポリイミド前駆体)は溶剤への溶解性が低く、上述のように樹脂の重合が進行してしまうと、再溶解後の組成物のろ過性が大きく低下してしまう場合がある。
そこで、本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、上記組成物に酸化防止剤を上記特定樹脂の含有量に対して0.1質量ppm以上の含有量で含有させることにより、ろ過性が向上することを見出した。
これは、酸化防止剤が0.1質量ppm以上であれば、上述の重合性基の重合が抑制されるためであると推測される。
また、上記酸化防止剤の含有量を、上記樹脂の含有量に対して10,000質量ppm以下とすることにより、上記粉体状、粒体状又はペレット状の組成物を溶剤に溶解してパターン形成用組成物を調製した場合であっても、パターン形成性に優れることを見出した。
これは、上記酸化防止剤の含有量を上記範囲内とすることにより、パターン形成用組成物における重合が過度に抑制されることが防がれるためであると推測される。
また、本発明において、樹脂組成物が粒体状であるとは、樹脂組成物が微細な固体粒子であり、その長径方向における長さの平均値が30μm以上1mm以下であることをいう。
また、上記粒子状である樹脂同士が接触して集合体となり、より大きな粒子が形成されていてもよいし、上記粒子状である樹脂を含む塊である集合体が形成されていてもよい。
また、樹脂組成物がペレット状であるとは、樹脂組成物が塊状に成型されたものであることをいう。ペレットの大きさは特に限定されず、樹脂組成物の用途に応じて大きさを決定すればよい。
以下、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物に含まれる成分について詳細に説明する。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、ポリイミド前駆体、及び、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の樹脂であって、重合性基を有する樹脂(特定樹脂)を含む。
上記ポリイミド前駆体、上記ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、例えば加熱又は化学処理により環化され、それぞれポリイミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾールとなる。
ポリイミド又はポリベンゾオキサゾールは、耐熱性及び絶縁性等に優れるため、本発明の樹脂組成物が特定樹脂を含むことにより、本発明の樹脂組成物を溶剤に再溶解して得られるパターン形成用組成物を様々な用途に適用することができる。
上記用途としては特に限定されないが、実装用の半導体デバイスを例に挙げると、絶縁膜や封止材の材料、又は、保護膜としての利用が挙げられる。また、フレキシブル基板のベースフィルムやカバーレイなどとしても用いることができる。
上記ラジカル重合性基としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基が好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基としては、ビニル基、アリル基、ビニルフェニル基等の芳香環に直接結合した、置換されていてもよいビニル基を有する基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基等が挙げられ、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基が好ましい。
また、本発明の樹脂は、後述する式(2)又は式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましく、式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが更に好ましい。
本発明で用いられるポリイミド前駆体は、その種類等特に定めるものではないが、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことが好ましい。
また、本発明で用いられるポリイミド前駆体は、重合性基を有する。
重合性基は、下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位に含まれていてもよいし、他の繰り返し単位に含まれていてもよいし、ポリイミド前駆体の末端に含まれていてもよい。
本発明の好ましい態様の一つは、重合性基が下記式(2)で表される繰り返し単位に含まれる態様である。具体的には、下記式(2)中のR111、R113又はR114の少なくとも1つが重合性基である態様が好ましく、R113又はR114の少なくとも1つが重合性基である態様がより好ましく、R113及びR114が重合性基である態様が更に好ましい。
式(2)
式(2)中、A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子又はNHを表し、R111は、2価の有機基を表し、R115は、4価の有機基を表し、R113及びR114は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
式(2)におけるR111は、2価の有機基を表す。2価の有機基としては、直鎖又は分岐の脂肪族基、環状の脂肪族基及び芳香族基を含む基が例示され、炭素数2~20の直鎖又は分岐の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の環状の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の芳香族基、又は、これらの組み合わせからなる基が好ましく、炭素数6~20の芳香族基を含む基がより好ましい。本発明の特に好ましい実施形態として、-Ar-L-Ar-で表される基であることが例示される。但し、Arは、それぞれ独立に、芳香族基であり、Lは、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-又はNHCO-、あるいは、上記の2つ以上の組み合わせからなる基である。これらの好ましい範囲は、上述のとおりである。
具体的には、炭素数2~20の直鎖又は分岐の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の環状の脂肪族基、炭素数6~20の芳香族基、又は、これらの組み合わせからなる基を含むジアミンであることが好ましく、炭素数6~20の芳香族基からなる基を含むジアミンであることがより好ましい。芳香族基の例としては、下記が挙げられる。
式中、*は他の構造との結合部位を表す。
式(51)
式(51)中、R50~R57は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子又は1価の有機基であり、R50~R57の少なくとも1つは、フッ素原子、メチル基又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
R50~R57の1価の有機基としては、炭素数1~10(好ましくは炭素数1~6)の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~10(好ましくは炭素数1~6)のフッ化アルキル基等が挙げられる。
式(61)中、R58及びR59は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
式(51)又は(61)の構造を与えるジアミン化合物としては、2,2’-ジメチルベンジジン、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(フルオロ)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノオクタフルオロビフェニル等が挙げられる。これらは1種で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
例えば、R111は重合性基を有するジアミン化合物に由来する構造とすることもできる。
重合性基を有するジアミン化合物は、特に限定されないが、芳香環構造を含む化合物であることが好ましく、芳香環構造に、アミノ基及び重合性基を含む構造が直結した構造を有する化合物であることがより好ましい。
重合性基としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基、環状エーテル基、メチロール基又はアルコキシメチル基を含む基が好ましく、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、(メタ)アクリロキシ基、マレイミド基、ビニルフェニル基、エポキシ基、オキセタニル基、メチロール基又はアルコキシメチル基がより好ましく、(メタ)アクリロキシ基、(メタ)アクリルアミド基、エポキシ基、メチロール基又はアルコキシメチル基が更に好ましい。
式(5)又は式(6)中、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
式(5)中、R112は、単結合、又は、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、-O-、-CO-、-S-、-SO2-、及びNHCO-、ならびに、これらの組み合わせから選択される基であることが好ましく、単結合、フッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~3のアルキレン基、-O-、-CO-、-S-及びSO2-から選択される基であることがより好ましく、-CH2-、-C(CF3)2-、-C(CH3)2-、-O-、-CO-、-S-及びSO2-からなる群から選択される2価の基であることが更に好ましい。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記式(O)で表されることが好ましい。
式(O)中、R115は、4価の有機基を表す。R115の好ましい範囲は式(2)におけるR115と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する基としては、ビニル基、(メタ)アリル基、下記式(III)で表される基などが挙げられ、下記式(III)で表される基が好ましい。
式(III)において、*は他の構造との結合部位を表す。
式(III)において、R201は、炭素数2~12のアルキレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-又はポリアルキレンオキシ基を表す。
好適なR201の例は、エチレン基、プロピレン基、トリメチレン基、テトラメチレン基、1,2-ブタンジイル基、1,3-ブタンジイル基、ペンタメチレン基、ヘキサメチレン基、オクタメチレン基、ドデカメチレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-、ポリアルキレンオキシ基が挙げられ、エチレン基、プロピレン基、トリメチレン基、-CH2CH(OH)CH2-、ポリアルキレンオキシ基がより好ましく、ポリアルキレンオキシ基が更に好ましい。
本発明において、ポリアルキレンオキシ基とは、アルキレンオキシ基が2以上直接結合した基をいう。ポリアルキレンオキシ基に含まれる複数のアルキレンオキシ基におけるアルキレン基は、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい。
ポリアルキレンオキシ基が、アルキレン基が異なる複数種のアルキレンオキシ基を含む場合、ポリアルキレンオキシ基におけるアルキレンオキシ基の配列は、ランダムな配列であってもよいし、ブロックを有する配列であってもよいし、交互等のパターンを有する配列であってもよい。
上記アルキレン基の炭素数(アルキレン基が置換基を有する場合、置換基の炭素数を含む)は、2以上であることが好ましく、2~10であることがより好ましく、2~6であることがより好ましく、2~5であることが更に好ましく、2~4であることが一層好ましく、2又は3であることが特に好ましく、2であることが最も好ましい。
また、上記アルキレン基は、置換基を有していてもよい。好ましい置換基としては、アルキル基、アリール基、ハロゲン原子等が挙げられる。
また、ポリアルキレンオキシ基に含まれるアルキレンオキシ基の数(ポリアルキレンオキシ基の繰り返し数)は、2~20が好ましく、2~10がより好ましく、2~6が更に好ましい。
ポリアルキレンオキシ基としては、溶剤溶解性及び耐溶剤性の観点からは、ポリエチレンオキシ基、ポリプロピレンオキシ基、ポリトリメチレンオキシ基、ポリテトラメチレンオキシ基、又は、複数のエチレンオキシ基と複数のプロピレンオキシ基とが結合した基が好ましく、ポリエチレンオキシ基又はポリプロピレンオキシ基がより好ましく、ポリエチレンオキシ基が更に好ましい。上記複数のエチレンオキシ基と複数のプロピレンオキシ基とが結合した基において、エチレンオキシ基とプロピレンオキシ基とはランダムに配列していてもよいし、ブロックを形成して配列していてもよいし、交互等のパターン状に配列していてもよい。これらの基におけるエチレンオキシ基等の繰り返し数の好ましい態様は上述の通りである。
R113又はR114が、水素原子、2-ヒドロキシベンジル、3-ヒドロキシベンジル及び4-ヒドロキシベンジルであることもより好ましい。
アルキル基の炭素数は1~30が好ましい。アルキル基は直鎖、分岐、環状のいずれであってもよい。直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、オクタデシル基、イソプロピル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、1-エチルペンチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基2-(2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基、2-(2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基、2-(2-(2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基、及び2-(2-(2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ基が挙げられる。環状のアルキル基は、単環の環状のアルキル基であってもよく、多環の環状のアルキル基であってもよい。単環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基及びシクロオクチル基が挙げられる。多環の環状のアルキル基としては、例えば、アダマンチル基、ノルボルニル基、ボルニル基、カンフェニル基、デカヒドロナフチル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、カンホロイル基、ジシクロヘキシル基及びピネニル基が挙げられる。中でも、高感度化との両立の観点から、シクロヘキシル基が最も好ましい。また、芳香族基で置換されたアルキル基としては、後述する芳香族基で置換された直鎖アルキル基が好ましい。
芳香族基としては、具体的には、置換又は無置換のベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ペンタレン環、インデン環、アズレン環、ヘプタレン環、インダセン環、ペリレン環、ペンタセン環、アセナフテン環、フェナントレン環、アントラセン環、ナフタセン環、クリセン環、トリフェニレン環、フルオレン環、ビフェニル環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピリジン環、ピラジン環、ピリミジン環、ピリダジン環、インドリジン環、インドール環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、イソベンゾフラン環、キノリジン環、キノリン環、フタラジン環、ナフチリジン環、キノキサリン環、キノキサゾリン環、イソキノリン環、カルバゾール環、フェナントリジン環、アクリジン環、フェナントロリン環、チアントレン環、クロメン環、キサンテン環、フェノキサチイン環、フェノチアジン環又はフェナジン環である。ベンゼン環が最も好ましい。
式(2-A)
式(2-A)中、A1及びA2は、酸素原子を表し、R111及びR112は、それぞれ独立に、2価の有機基を表し、R113及びR114は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R113及びR114の少なくとも一方は、重合性基を含む基であり、両方が重合性基であることが好ましい。
R112は、式(5)におけるR112と同義であり、好ましい範囲も同様である。
上記ポリイミド前駆体の分子量の分散度は、2.5以上が好ましく、2.7以上がより好ましく、2.8以上であることが更に好ましい。ポリイミド前駆体の分子量の分散度の上限値は特に定めるものではないが、例えば、4.5以下が好ましく、4.0以下がより好ましく、3.8以下が更に好ましく、3.2以下が一層好ましく、3.1以下がより一層好ましく、3.0以下が更に一層好ましく、2.95以下が特に好ましい。
本明細書において、分子量の分散度とは、重量平均分子量/数平均分子量により算出される値である。
本発明で用いるポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、その構造等について特に定めるものではないが、好ましくは下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位を含む。
また、本発明で用いられるポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体は、重合性基を有する。
重合性基は、下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位に含まれていてもよいし、他の繰り返し単位に含まれていてもよいし、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体の末端に含まれていてもよい。
本発明の好ましい態様の一つは、重合性基が下記式(3)で表される繰り返し単位に含まれる態様である。具体的には、下記式(3)中のR123又はR124の少なくとも1つが重合性基である態様がより好ましく、R123及びR124が重合性基である態様が更に好ましい。
式(3)
式(3)中、R121は、2価の有機基を表し、R122は、4価の有機基を表し、R123及びR124は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。
式(3)において、R121は、2価の有機基を表す。2価の有機基としては、脂肪族基及び芳香族基の少なくとも一方を含む基が好ましい。脂肪族基としては、直鎖の脂肪族基が好ましい。R121は、ジカルボン酸残基が好ましい。ジカルボン酸残基は、1種のみ用いてもよいし、2種以上用いてもよい。
脂肪族基を含むジカルボン酸としては、直鎖又は分岐(好ましくは直鎖)の脂肪族基を含むジカルボン酸が好ましく、直鎖又は分岐(好ましくは直鎖)の脂肪族基と2つの-COOHからなるジカルボン酸がより好ましい。直鎖又は分岐(好ましくは直鎖)の脂肪族基の炭素数は、2~30であることが好ましく、2~25であることがより好ましく、3~20であることが更に好ましく、4~15であることが一層好ましく、5~10であることが特に好ましい。直鎖の脂肪族基はアルキレン基であることが好ましい。
直鎖の脂肪族基を含むジカルボン酸としては、マロン酸、ジメチルマロン酸、エチルマロン酸、イソプロピルマロン酸、ジ-n-ブチルマロン酸、スクシン酸、テトラフルオロスクシン酸、メチルスクシン酸、2,2-ジメチルスクシン酸、2,3-ジメチルスクシン酸、ジメチルメチルスクシン酸、グルタル酸、ヘキサフルオログルタル酸、2-メチルグルタル酸、3-メチルグルタル酸、2,2-ジメチルグルタル酸、3,3-ジメチルグルタル酸、3-エチル-3-メチルグルタル酸、アジピン酸、オクタフルオロアジピン酸、3-メチルアジピン酸、ピメリン酸、2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピメリン酸、スベリン酸、ドデカフルオロスベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ヘキサデカフルオロセバシン酸、1,9-ノナン二酸、ドデカン二酸、トリデカン二酸、テトラデカン二酸、ペンタデカン二酸、ヘキサデカン二酸、ヘプタデカン二酸、オクタデカン二酸、ノナデカン二酸、エイコサン二酸、ヘンエイコサン二酸、ドコサン二酸、トリコサン二酸、テトラコサン二酸、ペンタコサン二酸、ヘキサコサン二酸、ヘプタコサン二酸、オクタコサン二酸、ノナコサン二酸、トリアコンタン二酸、ヘントリアコンタン二酸、ドトリアコンタン二酸、ジグリコール酸、更に下記式で表されるジカルボン酸等が挙げられる。
式中、Aは-CH2-、-O-、-S-、-SO2-、-CO-、-NHCO-、-C(CF3)2-、及び、-C(CH3)2-からなる群から選択される2価の基を表し、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
R122は、また、ビスアミノフェノール誘導体由来の基であることが好ましく、ビスアミノフェノール誘導体由来の基としては、例えば、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシビフェニル、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルスルホン、ビス-(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス-(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス-(4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、ビス-(4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス-(4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジアミノ-4,4’-ジヒドロキシジフェニルエーテル、1,4-ジアミノ-2,5-ジヒドロキシベンゼン、1,3-ジアミノ-2,4-ジヒドロキシベンゼン、1,3-ジアミノ-4,6-ジヒドロキシベンゼンなどが挙げられる。これらのビスアミノフェノールは、単独にて、あるいは混合して使用してもよい。
式中、X1は、-O-、-S-、-C(CF3)2-、-CH2-、-SO2-、-NHCO-を表し、*及び#はそれぞれ、他の構造との結合部位を表す。Rは水素原子又は1価の置換基を表し、水素原子又は炭化水素基が好ましく、水素原子又はアルキル基がより好ましい。また、R122は、上記式により表される構造であることも好ましい。R122が、上記式により表される構造である場合、計4つの*及び#のうち、いずれか2つが式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、別の2つが式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であることが好ましく、2つの*が式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、2つの#が式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であるか、又は、2つの*が式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、2つの#が式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であることがより好ましく、2つの*が式(3)中のR122が結合する酸素原子との結合部位であり、かつ、2つの#が式(3)中のR122が結合する窒素原子との結合部位であることが更に好ましい。
閉環に伴う反りの発生を抑制できる点で、下記式(SL)で表されるジアミン残基を他の種類の繰り返し構造単位として含むことが好ましい。
式(SL)中、Zは、a構造とb構造を有し、R1sは、水素原子又は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、R2sは炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、R3s、R4s、R5s、R6sのうち少なくとも1つは芳香族基で、残りは水素原子又は炭素数1~30の有機基で、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。a構造及びb構造の重合は、ブロック重合でもランダム重合でもよい。Z部分のモル%は、a構造は5~95モル%、b構造は95~5モル%であり、a+bは100モル%である。
上記ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体の分子量の分散度は、1.4以上であることが好ましく、1.5以上がより好ましく、1.6以上であることが更に好ましい。ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体の分子量の分散度の上限値は特に定めるものではないが、例えば、2.6以下が好ましく、2.5以下がより好ましく、2.4以下が更に好ましく、2.3以下が一層好ましく、2.2以下がより一層好ましい。
ポリイミド前駆体等の製造方法に際し、組成物の保存安定性をより向上させるため、酸無水物、モノカルボン酸、モノ酸クロリド化合物、モノ活性エステル化合物などの末端封止剤で、ポリイミド前駆体等の末端を封止することが好ましい。末端封止剤としては、モノアミンを用いることがより好ましく、モノアミンの好ましい化合物としては、アニリン、2-エチニルアニリン、3-エチニルアニリン、4-エチニルアニリン、5-アミノ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、1-ヒドロキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、1-ヒドロキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、1-ヒドロキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、1-ヒドロキシ-4-アミノナフタレン、2-ヒドロキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、2-ヒドロキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、2-ヒドロキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、1-カルボキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、1-カルボキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、1-カルボキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、2-カルボキシ-7-アミノナフタレン、2-カルボキシ-6-アミノナフタレン、2-カルボキシ-5-アミノナフタレン、2-アミノ安息香酸、3-アミノ安息香酸、4-アミノ安息香酸、4-アミノサリチル酸、5-アミノサリチル酸、6-アミノサリチル酸、2-アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、3-アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、4-アミノベンゼンスルホン酸、3-アミノ-4,6-ジヒドロキシピリミジン、2-アミノフェノール、3-アミノフェノール、4-アミノフェノール、2-アミノチオフェノール、3-アミノチオフェノール、4-アミノチオフェノール、4-アミノスチレンなどが挙げられる。これらを2種以上用いてもよく、複数の末端封止剤を反応させることにより、複数の異なる末端基を導入してもよい。
本発明の樹脂組成物における特定樹脂の含有量は、樹脂組成物の全固形分に対し80質量%以上であることが好ましく、85質量%以上であることがより好ましく、90質量%以上であることが更に好ましい。また、本発明の樹脂組成物における樹脂の含有量は、樹脂組成物の全固形分に対し、99.5質量%以下であることが好ましく、99質量%以下であることがより好ましく、98質量%以下であることが更に好ましく、97質量%以下であることが一層好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、特定樹脂を1種のみ含んでいてもよいし、2種以上含んでいてもよい。2種以上含む場合、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、酸化防止剤を含む。
酸化防止剤の含有量は、上記樹脂の含有量に対して、0.1質量ppm~10,000質量ppmであり、10~1,000質量ppmであることが好ましく、50~500質量ppmであることがより好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、酸化防止剤を1種単独で含んでもよいし、2種以上含んでもよい。2種以上含む場合、その合計量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
また、上記酸化還元電位の下限は、特に限定されないが、-2.00V以上であることが好ましい。
上記酸化還元電位は、後述する実施例に記載の方法により測定される。
酸化還元電位が上記範囲内であれば、上述の過酸化物の還元性に優れ、溶剤に再溶解した場合のろ過性が向上すると考えられる。
不飽和度とは、(2C+2-H-X+N)/2で表される数であり、Cは炭素原子の数、Hは水素原子の数、Xはハロゲン原子の数、Nは窒素原子の数である。
上記不飽和度は、1~5であることが好ましく、2~4であることがより好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は有機溶剤を含む。
有機溶剤の含有量は、特に限定されないが、樹脂組成物の全質量に対して、0を超え10質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.1~8質量%以下であることがより好ましく、1~6質量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
有機溶剤が10質量%以下(好ましくは8質量%以下、より好ましくは6質量%以下)であれば、樹脂組成物内で、有機溶剤が存在する部分と存在しない部分とで酸化防止剤の存在が偏ることが抑制され、再溶解後のろ過性がより向上しやすいと考えられる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は有機溶剤を1種単独で含んでもよいし、2種以上含んでもよい。2種以上含む場合、その合計量が上記範囲内となることが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、特定樹脂、酸化防止剤、及び、有機溶剤以外のその他の成分を更に含んでもよい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、その他の成分を実質的に含まない態様とすることもできる。
具体的には、樹脂組成物の全質量に対する、特定樹脂、酸化防止剤、及び、有機溶剤の合計含有量が90質量%以上であることが好ましく、95質量%以上であることがより好ましい。
含窒素化合物としては、ウレア構造を含む化合物、カルボジイミド構造を含む化合物、又は、イソウレア構造を含む化合物が好ましく挙げられる。
具体的には、含窒素化合物としては、下記式(1-1)で表される化合物、下記式(1-2)で表される化合物、下記式(1-3)で表される化合物等が挙げられる。
式(1-1)、式(1-2)又は式(1-3)中、R11及びR12はそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基を表し、R21及びR22はそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基を表し、R31及びR32はそれぞれ独立に、置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基を表し、R33は置換基を有してもよい炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基を表す。
式(1-1)中、R11及びR12はそれぞれ独立に、無置換の炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基、又は、置換基として第一級アミン塩構造、第二級アミン塩構造、第三級アミノ基、第三級アミン塩構造、及び、第四級アンモニウム基よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の置換基を有する炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、無置換の炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基がより好ましい。
R11及びR12における無置換の炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、無置換の炭素数1~7の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、無置換の炭素数2~7の飽和脂肪族炭化水素基がより好ましく、エチル基、イソプロピル基、t-ブチル基又はシクロへキシル基がより好ましい。
上記炭素数2~7の脂肪族炭化水素基は、上記置換基を2以上有してもよいが、上記置換基を1つのみ有する態様も、本発明の好ましい態様の1つである。
式(1-2)中、R21及びR22は、無置換の炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基、又は、置換基としてアミノ基又は第四級アンモニウム基を有する炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基が好ましく、無置換の炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基がより好ましい。
式(1-2)中、R21及びR22における上記無置換の炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基、又は、上記置換基を有する炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基の好ましい態様は、それぞれ、R11及びR12の説明において示したものと同様である。
式(1-3)中、R31及びR32における上記無置換の炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基、又は、上記置換基を有する炭素数1~7の脂肪族炭化水素基の好ましい態様は、それぞれ、R11及びR12の説明において示したものと同様である。
式(1-3)中、R33としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基又はt-ブチル基が好ましく、エチル基がより好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、その他の成分として、重合性基を有する化合物を含んでもよい。
重合性基としては、上述の特定樹脂における重合性基と同様の基が挙げられ、好ましい態様も同様である。
重合性基を有する化合物は、例えば、上述のポリイミド又はポリベンゾオキサゾールに重合性基を導入する際の原料のうち、未反応の成分として含まれる場合がある。
重合性基を有する化合物としては、重合性基及びヒドロキシ基を有する化合物が好ましく、ヒドロキシメチル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンジ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
その他の成分の含有量は、特に限定されないが、10質量%以下であることが好ましく、5質量%以下であることが更に好ましい。
下限は特に限定されず、0質量%であってもよい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、その他の成分を1種単独で含有してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。2種以上併用する場合は、その合計量が上記範囲内であることが好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物の製造方法は、上記有機溶剤、及び、上記特定樹脂を含む製造用組成物に対して、上記酸化防止剤を添加する添加工程を含む。
上記酸化防止剤の添加量は、樹脂組成物中の酸化防止剤の含有量が上述の範囲内となる量であればよい。
上記合成工程は、公知の方法により行われればよい。
例えば、特定樹脂がポリイミド前駆体又はポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体である場合、ジカルボン酸又はジカルボン酸誘導体とジアミンとを反応させて特定樹脂を得る工程であることが好ましい。
合成条件等は公知の方法を特に限定なく用いることができる。
例えば、ジカルボン酸又はジカルボン酸誘導体を、ハロゲン化剤を用いてハロゲン化させた後、ジアミンと反応させて特定樹脂を得る方法が挙げられる。
また、上記ハロゲン化剤を用いず、非ハロゲン系触媒を用いて合成することも好ましい。上記非ハロゲン系触媒としては、ハロゲン原子を含まない公知のアミド化触媒を特に制限なく使用することが可能であるが、例えば、ボロキシン化合物、N-ヒドロキシ化合物、3級アミン、リン酸エステル、アミン塩、ウレア化合物等、カルボジイミド化合物が挙げられる。上記カルボジイミド化合物としては、N,N’-ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド、N,N’-ジシクロへキシルカルボジイミド等が挙げられる。
上記合成工程において用いられる溶剤としては、原料に応じて適宜定めることができるが、ピリジン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(ジグリム)、N-メチルピロリドン及びN-エチルピロリドンが例示される。また、上述の樹脂組成物における有機溶剤を用いてもよい。
また、合成工程において、反応液に生じる析出物をろ過により取り除くことも好ましい。
本発明の樹脂組成物の製造方法は、上記反応液を上述の製造用組成物として用いてもよいが、後述の再沈再溶解工程後の特定樹脂溶液を上述の製造用組成物として用いることが好ましい。
すなわち、本発明の樹脂組成物の製造方法の好ましい態様の一つとして、合成工程及び再沈再溶解工程を含み、再沈再溶解工程により得られた特定樹脂溶液を、前記製造用組成物として用いて前記添加工程を行う態様が挙げられる。
再沈方法としては、具体的には、ポリイミド前駆体等の特定樹脂及び上記溶剤を含む反応液を、水、アルコール等の貧溶媒(特定樹脂の溶解度が低い溶媒)に供給することによって、再沈することができる。
再沈された特定樹脂は、例えばろ過等の方法により得ることができる。
再溶解に用いられる有機溶剤は、樹脂に対する良溶媒(特定樹脂の溶解度が高い溶媒)であればよく、上記樹脂組成物において説明した有機溶剤であることが好ましい。
再沈時、又は、再溶解時の温度等の条件は特に限定されず、公知の方法に従えばよい。
上記再沈工程は、上述の再沈再溶解工程における再沈と同様の方法により行うことができる。
再沈工程において、再沈された特定樹脂は、例えばろ過等の方法により得ることができる。すなわち、上記再沈工程により、特定樹脂が上記有機溶剤をわずかに含む形態で得られる。
乾燥条件は特に限定されないが、例えば、減圧下で25~45℃、1時間~7日間の乾燥とすることができる。
乾燥手段は特に限定されず、例えば、公知の減圧乾燥機を用いることができる。
乾燥の度合いは、特に限定されないが、上記有機溶剤の少なくとも一部が除去される乾燥であればよく、上記有機溶剤の含有量が、樹脂組成物の全質量に対して上述の範囲内となるよう乾燥することが好ましい。
本発明のパターン形成用組成物の製造方法は、本発明の樹脂組成物と、溶剤とを混合する混合工程を含むことが好ましい。混合方法は特に限定はなく、従来公知の方法で行うことができる。
また、本発明のパターン形成用組成物の製造方法は、上記混合工程において、感光剤を更に混合することが好ましい。
また、本発明のパターン形成用組成物の製造方法は、上記混合工程において、さらに他の成分を混合してもよい。
本発明のパターン形成用組成物における特定樹脂の含有量は、樹脂組成物の全固形分に対し20質量%以上であることが好ましく、30質量%以上であることがより好ましく、40質量%以上であることが更に好ましく、50質量%以上であることが一層好ましい。また、本発明の組成物における樹脂の含有量は、組成物の全固形分に対し、99.5質量%以下であることが好ましく、99質量%以下であることがより好ましく、98質量%以下であることが更に好ましく、97質量%以下であることが一層好ましく、95質量%以下であることがより一層好ましい。
本発明のパターン形成用組成物は、特定樹脂を1種のみ含んでいてもよいし、2種以上含んでいてもよい。2種以上含む場合、合計量が上記範囲となることが好ましい。
また、パターン形成用組成物が特定樹脂を2種以上含む場合、特定樹脂を2種以上含む樹脂組成物を用いてもよいし、ある特定樹脂を含む樹脂組成物と、別の特定樹脂を含む樹脂組成物とを併用してもよい。
フィルターを用いたろ過の他、吸着材を用いた不純物の除去処理を行ってもよい。フィルターろ過と吸着材を用いた不純物除去処理とを組み合わせてもよい。吸着材としては、公知の吸着材を用いることができる。例えば、シリカゲル、ゼオライトなどの無機系吸着材、活性炭などの有機系吸着材が挙げられる。
以下、本発明のパターン形成用組成物の製造方法により得られるパターン形成用組成物に含まれる、溶剤、感光剤、及び他の成分について、パターン形成用組成物に含まれる成分として説明する。本発明のパターン形成用組成物の製造方法においては、必要に応じてこれらの成分を混合することにより、パターン形成用組成物が得られる。
本発明のパターン形成用組成物は、溶剤を含有することが好ましい。溶剤は、公知の溶剤を任意に使用できる。溶剤は有機溶剤が好ましい。有機溶剤としては、エステル類、エーテル類、ケトン類、環式炭化水素類、スルホキシド類、アミド類、ウレア類、アルコール類などの化合物が挙げられる。
パターン形成用組成物は、感光剤を含むことが好ましい。
感光剤としては、光重合開始剤が好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、感光剤として、光重合開始剤を含むことが好ましい。
光重合開始剤は、光ラジカル重合開始剤であることが好ましい。光ラジカル重合開始剤としては、特に制限はなく、公知の光ラジカル重合開始剤の中から適宜選択することができる。例えば、紫外線領域から可視領域の光線に対して感光性を有する光ラジカル重合開始剤が好ましい。また、光励起された増感剤と何らかの作用を生じ、活性ラジカルを生成する活性剤であってもよい。
また、上記光ラジカル重合開始剤としては、後述のオキシム化合物が好ましい。
また、パターン形成用組成物は、感光剤として、光酸発生剤を含むことも好ましい。
光酸発生剤を含有することで、例えば、感光膜の露光部に酸が発生して、上記露光部の現像液(例えば、アルカリ水溶液)に対する溶解性が増大し、露光部が現像液により除去されるポジ型のパターンを得ることができる。
また、パターン形成用組成物が、光酸発生剤と、後述するラジカル架橋剤以外の架橋剤とを含有することにより、例えば、露光部に発生した酸により上記架橋剤の架橋反応が促進され、露光部が非露光部よりも現像液により除去されにくくなる態様とすることもできる。このような態様によれば、ネガ型のパターンを得ることができる。
上記ナフトキノンジアジド化合物としては、例えば、1,2-ナフトキノン-2-ジアジド-5-スルホン酸又は1,2-ナフトキノン-2-ジアジド-4-スルホン酸、これらの化合物の塩又はエステル化合物等が挙げられる。
オキシムスルホネート化合物は、オキシムスルホネート基を有していれば特に制限はないが、下記式(OS-1)、後述する式(OS-103)、式(OS-104)、又は、式(OS-105)で表されるオキシムスルホネート化合物であることが好ましい。
式(OS-1)中、m3は、0~3の整数を表し、0又は1が好ましい。m3が2又は3であるとき、複数のX3は同一でも異なっていてもよい。
式(OS-1)中、R34は、アルキル基又はアリール基を表し、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルコキシル基、炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルキル基、炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルコキシル基、Wで置換されていてもよいフェニル基、Wで置換されていてもよいナフチル基又はWで置換されていてもよいアントラニル基であることが好ましい。Wは、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のアルコキシル基、炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルキル基又は炭素数1~5のハロゲン化アルコキシル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基、炭素数6~20のハロゲン化アリール基を表す。
式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)中、Rs1で表されるアルキル基(炭素数1~30が好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~30が好ましい)又はヘテロアリール基(炭素数4~30が好ましい)は、置換基Tを有していてもよい。
式(OS-103)、式(OS-104)、又は、式(OS-105)中、XsはO又はSを表し、Oであることが好ましい。上記式(OS-103)~(OS-105)において、Xsを環員として含む環は、5員環又は6員環である。
式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)中、Rs6で表されるアルキル基(炭素数1~30が好ましい)及びアルキルオキシ基(炭素数1~30が好ましい)は、置換基を有していてもよい。
式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)中、msは0~6の整数を表し、0~2の整数であることが好ましく、0又は1であることがより好ましく、0であることが特に好ましい。
式(OS-106)~式(OS-111)中、Rt7は、水素原子又は臭素原子を表し、水素原子であることが好ましい。
Rt2は、水素原子又はメチル基を表し、水素原子であることが好ましい。
また、上記オキシムスルホネート化合物において、オキシムの立体構造(E,Z)については、いずれか一方であっても、混合物であってもよい。
上記式(OS-103)~式(OS-105)で表されるオキシムスルホネート化合物の具体例としては、特開2011-209692号公報の段落番号0088~0095、特開2015-194674号公報の段落番号0168~0194に記載の化合物が例示され、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
式(OS-101)又は式(OS-102)中、Ru2aは、アルキル基又はアリール基を表す。
式(OS-101)又は式(OS-102)中、Xuは、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-NRu5-、-CH2-、-CRu6H-又はCRu6Ru7-を表し、Ru5~Ru7はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基又はアリール基を表す。
また、上記オキシムスルホネート化合物において、オキシムやベンゾチアゾール環の立体構造(E,Z等)についてはそれぞれ、いずれか一方であっても、混合物であってもよい。
式(OS-101)で表される化合物の具体例としては、特開2011-209692号公報の段落番号0102~0106、特開2015-194674号公報の段落番号0195~0207に記載の化合物が例示され、これらの内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
上記化合物の中でも、b-9、b-16、b-31、b-33が好ましい。
より好適には、すくなくとも一つのモノ、ジ、又はトリハロゲン置換メチル基がs-トリアジン環に結合したs-トリアジン誘導体、具体的には、例えば、2,4,6-トリス(モノクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(ジクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-メチル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2―n-プロピル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(α,α,β-トリクロロエチル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-フェニル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-メトキシフェニル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(3,4-エポキシフェニル)-4、6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-クロロフェニル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-〔1-(p-メトキシフェニル)-2,4-ブタジエニル〕-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-スチリル-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-メトキシスチリル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-i-プロピルオキシスチリル)-4、6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(p-トリル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-(4-ナトキシナフチル)-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-フェニルチオ-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-ベンジルチオ-4,6-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(ジブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン、2,4,6-トリス(トリブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-メチル-4,6-ビス(トリブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン、2-メトキシ-4,6-ビス(トリブロモメチル)-s-トリアジン等が挙げられる。
式(RI-I)中、Ar11は置換基を1~6有していても良い炭素数20以下のアリール基を表し、好ましい置換基としては炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数1~12のアルケニル基、炭素数1~12のアルキニル基、炭素数1~12のアリール基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアリーロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミド基又はアリールアミド基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、スルホニル基、炭素数1~12のチオアルキル基、炭素数1~12のチオアリール基が挙げられる。Z11-は1価の陰イオンを表し、ハロゲンイオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、チオスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオンであり、安定性の面から過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオンが好ましい。式(RI-II)中、Ar21、Ar22は各々独立に置換基を1~6有していても良い炭素数20以下のアリール基を表し、好ましい置換基としては炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数1~12のアルケニル基、炭素数1~12のアルキニル基、炭素数1~12のアリール基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアリーロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミド基又はアリールアミド基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、スルホニル基、炭素数1~12のチオアルキル基、炭素数1~12のチオアリール基が挙げられる。Z21-は1価の陰イオンを表し、ハロゲンイオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、チオスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオンであり、安定性、反応性の面から過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、カルボン酸イオンが好ましい。式(RI-III)中、R31、R32、R33は各々独立に置換基を1~6有していても良い炭素数20以下のアリール基又はアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基を表し、好ましくは反応性、安定性の面から、アリール基であることが望ましい。好ましい置換基としては炭素数1~12のアルキル基、炭素数1~12のアルケニル基、炭素数1~12のアルキニル基、炭素数1~12のアリール基、炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~12のアリーロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のジアルキルアミノ基、炭素数1~12のアルキルアミド基又はアリールアミド基、カルボニル基、カルボキシル基、シアノ基、スルホニル基、炭素数1~12のチオアルキル基、炭素数1~12のチオアリール基が挙げられる。Z31-は1価の陰イオンを表し、ハロゲンイオン、過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、チオスルホン酸イオン、硫酸イオンであり、安定性、反応性の面から過塩素酸イオン、ヘキサフルオロホスフェートイオン、テトラフルオロボレートイオン、スルホン酸イオン、スルフィン酸イオン、カルボン酸イオンが好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、感光剤として、光塩基発生剤を含んでもよい。
パターン形成用組成物が、光塩基発生剤と、後述する架橋剤とを含有することにより、例えば、露光部に発生した塩基により特定樹脂の環化が促進される、架橋剤の架橋反応が促進される等の作用により、露光部が非露光部よりも現像液により除去されにくくなる態様とすることもできる。このような態様によれば、ネガ型のレリーフパターンを得ることができる。
例えば、M.Shirai,and M.Tsunooka, Prog.Polym.Sci.,21,1(1996);角岡正弘,高分子加工,46,2(1997);C.Kutal,Coord.Chem.Rev.,211,353(2001);Y.Kaneko,A.Sarker, and D.Neckers,Chem.Mater.,11,170(1999);H.Tachi,M.Shirai, and M.Tsunooka,J.Photopolym.Sci.Technol.,13,153(2000);M.Winkle, and K.Graziano,J.Photopolym.Sci.Technol.,3,419(1990);M.Tsunooka,H.Tachi, and S.Yoshitaka,J.Photopolym.Sci.Technol.,9,13(1996);K.Suyama,H.Araki,M.Shirai,J.Photopolym.Sci.Technol.,19,81(2006)に記載されているように、遷移金属化合物錯体や、アンモニウム塩などの構造を有するものや、アミジン部分がカルボン酸と塩形成することで潜在化されたもののように、塩基成分が塩を形成することにより中和されたイオン性の化合物や、カルバメート誘導体、オキシムエステル誘導体、アシル化合物などのウレタン結合やオキシム結合などにより塩基成分が潜在化された非イオン性の化合物を挙げることができる。
本発明では、光塩基発生剤として、カルバメート誘導体、アミド誘導体、イミド誘導体、αコバルト錯体類、イミダゾール誘導体、桂皮酸アミド誘導体、オキシム誘導体等がより好ましい例として挙げられる。
イミド化率の観点からは、上記塩基性物質は、共役酸のDMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド)中のpKaが大きいものであることが好ましい。上記pKaは、1以上であることが好ましく、3以上であることがより好ましい。上記pKaの上限は特に限定されないが、20以下であることが好ましい。
ここで、上記pKaとは、酸の第一解離定数の逆数の対数を表し、Determination of Organic Structures by Physical Methods(著者:Brown, H. C., McDaniel, D. H., Hafliger, O., Nachod, F. C.; 編纂:Braude, E. A., Nachod, F. C.; Academic Press, New York, 1955)や、Data for Biochemical Research(著者:Dawson, R.M.C.et al; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959)に記載の値を参照することができる。これらの文献に記載の無い化合物については、ACD/pKa(ACD/Labs製)のソフトを用いて構造式より算出した値をpKaとして用いることとする。
また、パターンの耐薬品性の観点からは、光塩基発生剤としては、構造中に塩を含む光塩基発生剤であることが好ましい。
本発明に係る光塩基発生剤としては、例えば、特開2009-080452号公報及び国際公開第2009/123122号で開示されたような桂皮酸アミド構造を有する光塩基発生剤、特開2006-189591号公報及び特開2008-247747号公報で開示されたようなカルバメート構造を有する光塩基発生剤、特開2007-249013号公報及び特開2008-003581号公報で開示されたようなオキシム構造、カルバモイルオキシム構造を有する光塩基発生剤等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されず、その他にも公知の光塩基発生剤の構造を用いることができる。
パターン形成用組成物は、熱重合開始剤を含んでもよく、特に熱ラジカル重合開始剤を含んでもよい。熱ラジカル重合開始剤は、熱のエネルギーによってラジカルを発生し、重合性を有する化合物の重合反応を開始又は促進させる化合物である。熱ラジカル重合開始剤を添加することによって、硬化物を得るための加熱工程において、樹脂及び架橋剤の重合反応を進行させることもできるので、より耐溶剤性を向上できる。
パターン形成用組成物は、熱酸発生剤を含んでもよい。
熱酸発生剤は、加熱により酸を発生し、ヒドロキシメチル基、アルコキシメチル基又はアシルオキシメチル基を有する化合物、エポキシ化合物、オキセタン化合物及びベンゾオキサジン化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物の架橋反応を促進させる効果がある。
熱分解開始温度は、熱酸発生剤を耐圧カプセル中5℃/分で500℃まで加熱した場合に、最も温度が低い発熱ピークのピーク温度として求められる。
熱分解開始温度を測定する際に用いられる機器としては、Q2000(TAインスツルメント社製)等が挙げられる。
パターン形成用組成物は、オニウム塩を更に含んでもよい。
特に、パターン形成用組成物が特定樹脂としてポリイミド前駆体又はポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を含む場合、オニウム塩を含むことが好ましい。
オニウム塩の種類等は特に定めるものではないが、アンモニウム塩、イミニウム塩、スルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩又はホスホニウム塩が好ましく挙げられる。
これらの中でも、熱安定性が高い観点からはアンモニウム塩又はイミニウム塩が好ましく、ポリマーとの相溶性の観点からはスルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩又はホスホニウム塩が好ましい。
すなわち、オニウム塩は、同一の分子構造内に、カチオン部と、アニオン部と、を有する分子内塩であってもよいし、それぞれ別分子であるカチオン分子と、アニオン分子と、がイオン結合した分子間塩であってもよいが、分子間塩であることが好ましい。また、パターン形成用組成物において、上記カチオン部又はカチオン分子と、上記アニオン部又はアニオン分子と、はイオン結合により結合されていてもよいし、解離していてもよい。
オニウム塩におけるカチオンとしては、アンモニウムカチオン、ピリジニウムカチオン、スルホニウムカチオン、ヨードニウムカチオン又はホスホニウムカチオンが好ましく、テトラアルキルアンモニウムカチオン、スルホニウムカチオン及びヨードニウムカチオンよりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のカチオンがより好ましい。
熱塩基発生剤とは、加熱により塩基を発生する化合物をいい、例えば、40℃以上に加熱すると塩基を発生する化合物等が挙げられる。
オニウム塩としては、例えば、国際公開第2018/043262号の段落0122~0138に記載のオニウム塩等が挙げられる。また、その他、ポリイミド前駆体の分野で使用されるオニウム塩を、特に制限なく使用することが可能である。
オニウム塩は、1種又は2種以上を用いることができる。2種以上を用いる場合は、合計量が上記範囲であることが好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、熱塩基発生剤を更に含んでもよい。
特に、パターン形成用組成物が特定樹脂としてポリイミド前駆体又はポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体を含む場合、熱塩基発生剤を含むことが好ましい。
他の熱塩基発生剤は、上述のオニウム塩に該当する化合物であってもよいし、上述のオニウム塩以外の熱塩基発生剤であってもよい。
上述のオニウム塩以外の熱塩基発生剤としては、ノニオン系熱塩基発生剤が挙げられる。
ノニオン系熱塩基発生剤としては、式(B1)又は式(B2)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
Rb13はアルキル基(炭素数1~24が好ましく、2~18がより好ましく、3~12が更に好ましい)、アルケニル基(炭素数2~24が好ましく、2~18がより好ましく、3~12が更に好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~22が好ましく、6~18がより好ましく、6~12が更に好ましい)、アリールアルキル基(炭素数7~23が好ましく、7~19がより好ましく、7~12が更に好ましい)であり、本発明の効果を奏する範囲で置換基を有していてもよい。中でも、Rb13はアリールアルキル基が好ましい。
Rb15及びRb16は水素原子、アルキル基(炭素数1~12が好ましく、1~6がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい)、アルケニル基(炭素数2~12が好ましく、2~6がより好ましく、2~3が更に好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~22が好ましく、6~18がより好ましく、6~10が更に好ましい)、アリールアルキル基(炭素数7~23が好ましく、7~19がより好ましく、7~11が更に好ましい)であり、水素原子又はメチル基が好ましい。
Rb17はアルキル基(炭素数1~24が好ましく、1~12がより好ましく、3~8が更に好ましい)、アルケニル基(炭素数2~12が好ましく、2~10がより好ましく、3~8が更に好ましい)、アリール基(炭素数6~22が好ましく、6~18がより好ましく、6~12が更に好ましい)、アリールアルキル基(炭素数7~23が好ましく、7~19がより好ましく、7~12が更に好ましい)であり、中でもアリール基が好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、架橋剤を含むことが好ましい。
架橋剤としては、ラジカル架橋剤、又は、他の架橋剤が挙げられる。
パターン形成用組成物は、ラジカル架橋剤を更に含むことが好ましい。
ラジカル架橋剤は、ラジカル重合性基を有する化合物である。ラジカル重合性基としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基が好ましい。上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基としては、ビニル基、アリル基、ビニルフェニル基、(メタ)アクリロイル基などのエチレン性不飽和結合を有する基が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基としては、(メタ)アクリロイル基が好ましく、反応性の観点からは、(メタ)アクリロキシ基がより好ましい。
エチレン性不飽和結合を2個有する化合物は、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基を2個有する化合物であることが好ましい。
また、得られるパターンの膜強度の観点からは、パターン形成用組成物は、ラジカル架橋剤として、エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物としては、エチレン性不飽和結合を3~15個有する化合物が好ましく、エチレン性不飽和結合を3~10個有する化合物がより好ましく、3~6個有する化合物が更に好ましい。
また、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物は、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を含む基を3個以上有する化合物であることが好ましく、3~15個有する化合物であることがより好ましく、3~10個有する化合物であることが更に好ましく、3~6個有する化合物であることが特に好ましい。
また、得られるパターンの膜強度の観点からは、パターン形成用組成物は、エチレン性不飽和結合を2個有する化合物と、上記エチレン性不飽和結合を3個以上有する化合物とを含むことも好ましい。
また、パターンの弾性率制御に伴う反り抑制の観点から、ラジカル架橋剤として、単官能ラジカル架橋剤を好ましく用いることができる。単官能ラジカル架橋剤としては、n-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ブトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、カルビトール(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ベンジル(メタ)アクリレート、フェノキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリプロピレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体、N-ビニルピロリドン、N-ビニルカプロラクタム等のN-ビニル化合物類、アリルグリシジルエーテル、ジアリルフタレート、トリアリルトリメリテート等のアリル化合物類等が好ましく用いられる。単官能ラジカル架橋剤としては、露光前の揮発を抑制するため、常圧下で100℃以上の沸点を持つ化合物も好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、上述したラジカル架橋剤とは異なる、他の架橋剤を含むことが好ましい。
本発明において、他の架橋剤とは、上述したラジカル架橋剤以外の架橋剤をいい、上述の感光剤の感光により、パターン形成用組成物中の他の化合物又はその反応生成物との間で共有結合を形成する反応が促進される基を分子内に複数個有する化合物であることが好ましく、パターン形成用組成物中の他の化合物又はその反応生成物との間で共有結合を形成する反応が酸又は塩基の作用によって促進される基を分子内に複数個有する化合物が好ましい。
上記酸又は塩基は、露光工程において、感光剤である光酸発生剤又は光塩基発生剤から発生する酸又は塩基であることが好ましい。
他の架橋剤としては、メチロール基及びアルコキシメチル基よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の基を有する化合物が好ましく、メチロール基及びアルコキシメチル基よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の基が窒素原子に直接結合した構造を有する化合物がより好ましい。
他の架橋剤としては、例えば、メラミン、グリコールウリル、尿素、アルキレン尿素、ベンゾグアナミンなどのアミノ基含有化合物にホルムアルデヒド又はホルムアルデヒドとアルコールを反応させ、上記アミノ基の水素原子をメチロール基又はアルコキシメチル基で置換した構造を有する化合物が挙げられる。これらの化合物の製造方法は特に限定されず、上記方法により製造された化合物と同様の構造を有する化合物であればよい。また、これらの化合物のメチロール基同士が自己縮合してなるオリゴマーであってもよい。
上記のアミノ基含有化合物として、メラミンを用いた架橋剤をメラミン系架橋剤、グリコールウリル、尿素又はアルキレン尿素を用いた架橋剤を尿素系架橋剤、アルキレン尿素を用いた架橋剤をアルキレン尿素系架橋剤、ベンゾグアナミンを用いた架橋剤をベンゾグアナミン系架橋剤という。
これらの中でも、パターン形成用組成物は、尿素系架橋剤及びメラミン系架橋剤よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むことが好ましく、後述するグリコールウリル系架橋剤及びメラミン系架橋剤よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含むことがより好ましい。
ビスメトキシメチル尿素、ビスエトキシメチル尿素、ビスプロポキシメチル尿素、ビスブトキシメチル尿素等の尿素系架橋剤、
モノヒドロキシメチル化エチレン尿素又はジヒドロキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノメトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、ジメトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノエトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、ジエトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノプロポキシメチル化エチレン尿素、ジプロポキシメチル化エチレン尿素、モノブトキシメチル化エチレン尿素、又は、ジブトキシメチル化エチレン尿素などのエチレン尿素系架橋剤、
モノヒドロキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジヒドロキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノメトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジメトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノジエトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジエトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノプロポキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、ジプロポキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、モノブトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素、又は、ジブトキシメチル化プロピレン尿素などのプロピレン尿素系架橋剤、
1,3-ジ(メトキシメチル)4,5-ジヒドロキシ-2-イミダゾリジノン、1,3-ジ(メトキシメチル)-4,5-ジメトキシ-2-イミダゾリジノンなどが挙げられる。
このような化合物の具体例としては、ベンゼンジメタノール、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)クレゾール、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ジメトキシベンゼン、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ジフェニルエーテル、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ベンゾフェノン、ヒドロキシメチル安息香酸ヒドロキシメチルフェニル、ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ビフェニル、ジメチルビス(ヒドロキシメチル)ビフェニル、ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゼン、ビス(メトキシメチル)クレゾール、ビス(メトキシメチル)ジメトキシベンゼン、ビス(メトキシメチル)ジフェニルエーテル、ビス(メトキシメチル)ベンゾフェノン、メトキシメチル安息香酸メトキシメチルフェニル、ビス(メトキシメチル)ビフェニル、ジメチルビス(メトキシメチル)ビフェニル、4,4’,4’’-エチリデントリス[2,6-ビス(メトキシメチル)フェノール]、5,5’-[2,2,2‐トリフルオロ‐1‐(トリフルオロメチル)エチリデン]ビス[2‐ヒドロキシ‐1,3‐ベンゼンジメタノール]、3,3’,5,5’-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)-1,1’-ビフェニル-4,4’-ジオール等が挙げられる。
エポキシ化合物としては、一分子中にエポキシ基を2以上有する化合物であることが好ましい。エポキシ基は、200℃以下で架橋反応し、かつ、架橋に由来する脱水反応が起こらないため膜収縮が起きにくい。このため、エポキシ化合物を含有することは、パターン形成用組成物の低温硬化及び反りの抑制に効果的である。
オキセタン化合物としては、一分子中にオキセタン環を2つ以上有する化合物、3-エチル-3-ヒドロキシメチルオキセタン、1,4-ビス{[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メトキシ]メチル}ベンゼン、3-エチル-3-(2-エチルヘキシルメチル)オキセタン、1,4-ベンゼンジカルボン酸-ビス[(3-エチル-3-オキセタニル)メチル]エステル等を挙げることができる。具体的な例としては、東亞合成(株)製のアロンオキセタンシリーズ(例えば、OXT-121、OXT-221、OXT-191、OXT-223)が好適に使用することができ、これらは単独で、又は2種以上混合してもよい。
ベンゾオキサジン化合物は、開環付加反応に由来する架橋反応のため、硬化時に脱ガスが発生せず、更に熱収縮を小さくして反りの発生が抑えられることから好ましい。
得られるパターンの基材への密着性を向上する観点からは、パターン形成用組成物は、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を更に含むことが好ましい。
スルホンアミド構造とは、下記式(S-1)で表される構造である。
式(S-1)中、Rは水素原子又は有機基を表し、Rは他の構造と結合して環構造を形成してもよく、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
上記Rは、下記式(S-2)におけるR2と同様の基であることが好ましい。
スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物は、スルホンアミド構造を2以上有する化合物であってもよいが、スルホンアミド構造を1つ有する化合物であることが好ましい。
式(S-2)中、R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R1、R2及びR3のうち2つ以上が互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい。
R1、R2及びR3はそれぞれ独立に、1価の有機基であることが好ましい。
R1、R2及びR3の例としては、水素原子、又は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルエーテル基、アルキルシリル基、アルコキシシリル基、アリール基、アリールエーテル基、カルボキシ基、カルボニル基、アリル基、ビニル基、複素環基、若しくはこれらを2以上組み合わせた基などが挙げられる。
上記アルキル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~6のアルキル基がより好ましい。上記アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソプロピル基、2-エチルへキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキル基としては、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数6~10のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシ基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基が好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシ基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基及びペントキシ基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシシリル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシシリル基が好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルコキシシリル基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシシリル基としては、メトキシシリル基、エトキシシリル基、プロポキシシリル基及びブトキシシリル基等が挙げられる。
上記アリール基としては、炭素数6~20のアリール基が好ましく、炭素数6~12のアリール基がより好ましい。上記アリール基は、アルキル基等の置換基を有していてもよい。上記アリール基としては、フェニル基、トリル基、キシリル基及びナフチル基等が挙げられる。
上記複素環基としては、トリアゾール環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペリジン、ピペラジン環、モルホリン環、ジヒドロピラン環、テトラヒドロピラン基、トリアジン環等の複素環構造から水素原子を1つ除いた基などが挙げられる。
チオウレア構造とは、下記式(T-1)で表される構造である。
式(T-1)中、R4及びR5はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R4及びR5は結合して環構造を形成してもよく、R4は*が結合する他の構造と結合して環構造を形成してもよく、R5は*が結合する他の構造と結合して環構造を形成してもよく、*はそれぞれ独立に、他の構造との結合部位を表す。
R4及びR5の例としては、水素原子、又は、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルエーテル基、アルキルシリル基、アルコキシシリル基、アリール基、アリールエーテル基、カルボキシ基、カルボニル基、アリル基、ビニル基、複素環基、若しくは、これらを2以上組み合わせた基などが挙げられる。
上記アルキル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~6のアルキル基がより好ましい。上記アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、イソプロピル基、2-エチルへキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキル基としては、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数6~10のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシ基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシ基が好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシ基としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、ブトキシ基及びペントキシ基等が挙げられる。
上記アルコキシシリル基としては、炭素数1~10のアルコキシシリル基が好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルコキシシリル基がより好ましい。上記アルコキシシリル基としては、メトキシシリル基、エトキシシリル基、プロポキシシリル基及びブトキシシリル基等が挙げられる。
上記アリール基としては、炭素数6~20のアリール基が好ましく、炭素数6~12のアリール基がより好ましい。上記アリール基は、アルキル基等の置換基を有していてもよい。上記アリール基としては、フェニル基、トリル基、キシリル基及びナフチル基等が挙げられる。
上記複素環基としては、トリアゾール環、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、イソチアゾール環、テトラゾール環、ピリジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジジン環、ピラジン環、ピペリジン環、ピペリジン、ピペラジン環、モルホリン環、ジヒドロピラン環、テトラヒドロピラン基、トリアジン環等の複素環構造から水素原子を1つ除いた基などが挙げられる。
チオウレア構造を有する化合物は、チオウレア構造を2以上有する化合物であってもよいが、チオウレア構造を1つ有する化合物であることが好ましい。
式(T-2)中、R4~R7はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、R4~R7のうち少なくとも2つは互いに結合して環構造を形成していてもよい。
式(T-2)中、R6及びR7はそれぞれ独立に、1価の有機基であることが好ましい。
式(T-2)中、R6及びR7における1価の有機基の好ましい態様は、式(T-1)中のR4及びR5における1価の有機基の好ましい態様と同様である。
パターン形成用組成物の全質量に対する、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物の合計含有量は、0.05~10質量%であることが好ましく、0.1~5質量%であることがより好ましく、0.2~3質量%であることが更に好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物よりなる群から選ばれる化合物を、1種のみ含んでもよいし、2種以上を含んでもよい。1種のみ含む場合にはその化合物の含有量が、2種以上を含む場合にはその合計量が、上記の範囲となることが好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、更にマイグレーション抑制剤を含むことが好ましい。マイグレーション抑制剤を含むことにより、金属層(金属配線)由来の金属イオンが感光膜内へ移動することを効果的に抑制可能となる。
パターン形成用組成物は、重合禁止剤を含むことが好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、電極や配線などに用いられる金属材料との接着性を向上させるための金属接着性改良剤を含んでいることが好ましい。金属接着性改良剤としては、シランカップリング剤、アルミニウム系接着助剤、チタン系接着助剤、スルホンアミド構造を有する化合物及びチオウレア構造を有する化合物、リン酸誘導体化合物、βケトエステル化合物、アミノ化合物等などが挙げられる。
他のシランカップリング剤としては、例えば、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、p-スチリルトリメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-トリエトキシシリル-N-(1,3-ジメチル-ブチリデン)プロピルアミン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、トリス-(トリメトキシシリルプロピル)イソシアヌレー、3-ウレイドプロピルトリアルコキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルコハク酸無水物が挙げられる。これらは1種単独または2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
アルミニウム系接着助剤としては、例えば、アルミニウムトリス(エチルアセトアセテート)、アルミニウムトリス(アセチルアセトネート)、エチルアセトアセテートアルミニウムジイソプロピレート等を挙げることができる。
パターン形成用組成物は、電極や配線などに用いられる金属材料との接着性を向上させるための金属接着性改良剤を含んでいることが好ましい。金属接着性改良剤としては、特開2014-186186号公報の段落0046~0049に記載の化合物、特開2013-072935号公報の段落0032~0043に記載のスルフィド系化合物を用いることもできる。
パターン形成用組成物は、本発明の効果が得られる範囲で、必要に応じて、各種の添加物、例えば、増感剤、連鎖移動剤、界面活性剤、高級脂肪酸誘導体、無機粒子、硬化剤、硬化触媒、充填剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、凝集防止剤等を配合することができる。これらの添加剤を配合する場合、その合計配合量はパターン形成用組成物の固形分の3質量%以下とすることが好ましい。
パターン形成用組成物は、増感剤を含んでいてもよい。増感剤は、特定の活性放射線を吸収して電子励起状態となる。電子励起状態となった増感剤は、熱硬化促進剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、光ラジカル重合開始剤などと接触して、電子移動、エネルギー移動、発熱などの作用が生じる。これにより、熱硬化促進剤、熱ラジカル重合開始剤、光ラジカル重合開始剤は化学変化を起こして分解し、ラジカル、酸又は塩基を生成する。
増感剤としては、例えば、ミヒラーズケトン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン、2,5-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロペンタン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)シクロヘキサノン、2,6-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)-4-メチルシクロヘキサノン、4,4’-ビス(ジメチルアミノ)カルコン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)カルコン、p-ジメチルアミノシンナミリデンインダノン、p-ジメチルアミノベンジリデンインダノン、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビフェニレン)-ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)ベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノフェニルビニレン)イソナフトチアゾール、1,3-ビス(4’-ジメチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、1,3-ビス(4’-ジエチルアミノベンザル)アセトン、3,3’-カルボニル-ビス(7-ジエチルアミノクマリン)、3-アセチル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-ベンジロキシカルボニル-7-ジメチルアミノクマリン、3-メトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、3-エトキシカルボニル-7-ジエチルアミノクマリン、N-フェニル-N’-エチルエタノールアミン、N-フェニルジエタノールアミン、N-p-トリルジエタノールアミン、N-フェニルエタノールアミン、4-モルホリノベンゾフェノン、ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、ジエチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、2-メルカプトベンズイミダゾール、1-フェニル-5-メルカプトテトラゾール、2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズオキサゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ベンズチアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノスチリル)ナフト(1,2-d)チアゾール、2-(p-ジメチルアミノベンゾイル)スチレン、ジフェニルアセトアミド、ベンズアニリド、N-メチルアセトアニリド、3’,4’-ジメチルアセトアニリド等が挙げられる。
増感剤としては、増感色素を用いてもよい。
増感色素の詳細については、特開2016-027357号公報の段落0161~0163の記載を参酌でき、この内容は本明細書に組み込まれる。
パターン形成用組成物は、連鎖移動剤を含有してもよい。連鎖移動剤は、例えば高分子辞典第三版(高分子学会編、2005年)683-684頁に定義されている。連鎖移動剤としては、例えば、分子内にSH、PH、SiH、及びGeHを有する化合物群が用いられる。これらは、低活性のラジカルに水素を供与して、ラジカルを生成するか、若しくは、酸化された後、脱プロトンすることによりラジカルを生成しうる。特に、チオール化合物を好ましく用いることができる。
パターン形成用組成物には、塗布性をより向上させる観点から、界面活性剤を添加してもよい。界面活性剤としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、ノニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、アニオン系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤などの各種類の界面活性剤を使用できる。また、下記界面活性剤も好ましい。下記式中、主鎖の繰返し単位を示す括弧は各繰返し単位の含有量(モル%)を、側鎖の繰返し単位を示す括弧は各繰返し単位の繰り返し数をそれぞれ表す。
また、界面活性剤は、国際公開第2015/199219号の段落0159~0165に記載の化合物を用いることもできる。
フッ素系界面活性剤は、エチレン性不飽和基を側鎖に有する含フッ素重合体をフッ素系界面活性剤として用いることもできる。具体例としては、特開2010-164965号公報の段落0050~0090および段落0289~0295に記載された化合物、例えばDIC(株)製のメガファックRS-101、RS-102、RS-718K等が挙げられる。
パターン形成用組成物は、酸素に起因する重合阻害を防止するために、ベヘン酸やベヘン酸アミドのような高級脂肪酸誘導体を添加して、塗布後の乾燥の過程でパターン形成用組成物の表面に偏在させてもよい。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、無機粒子を含んでもよい。無機粒子として、具体的には、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、シリカ、カオリン、タルク、二酸化チタン、アルミナ、硫酸バリウム、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化リチウム、ゼオライト、硫化モリブデン、ガラス等を含むことができる。
上記平均粒子径の無機粒子を含有させることによって、硬化膜の機械特性と露光光の散乱抑制を両立することができる。
本発明の組成物は、紫外線吸収剤を含んでいてもよい。紫外線吸収剤としては、サリシレート系、ベンゾフェノン系、ベンゾトリアゾール系、置換アクリロニトリル系、トリアジン系などの紫外線吸収剤を使用することができる。
サリシレート系紫外線吸収剤の例としては、フェニルサリシレート、p-オクチルフェニルサリシレート、p-t-ブチルフェニルサリシレートなどが挙げられ、ベンゾフェノン系紫外線吸収剤の例としては、2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジメトキシベンゾフェノン、2,2’,4,4’-テトラヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン、2,4-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-オクトキシベンゾフェノンなどが挙げられる。また、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤の例としては、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’,5’-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-tert-ブチル-5’-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-tert-アミル-5’-イソブチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-イソブチル-5’-メチルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’-イソブチル-5’-プロピルフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’,5’-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-[2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチル)フェニル]ベンゾトリアゾールなどが挙げられる。
本発明の組成物は、紫外線吸収剤を含んでも含まなくてもよいが、含む場合、紫外線吸収剤の含有量は、本発明の組成物の全固形分質量に対して、0.001質量%以上1質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.01質量%以上0.1質量%以下であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態の樹脂組成物は、有機チタン化合物を含有してもよい。樹脂組成物が有機チタン化合物を含有することにより、低温で硬化した場合であっても耐薬品性に優れる樹脂層を形成できる。
有機チタン化合物の具体例を、以下のI)~VII)に示す:
I)チタンキレート化合物:中でも、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の保存安定性がよく、良好な硬化パターンが得られることから、アルコキシ基を2個以上有するチタンキレート化合物がより好ましい。具体的な例は、チタニウムビス(トリエタノールアミン)ジイソプロポキサイド、チタニウムジ(n-ブトキサイド)ビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(2,4-ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、チタニウムジイソプロポキサイドビス(エチルアセトアセテート)等である。
II)テトラアルコキシチタン化合物:例えば、チタニウムテトラ(n-ブトキサイド)、チタニウムテトラエトキサイド、チタニウムテトラ(2-エチルヘキソキサイド)、チタニウムテトライソブトキサイド、チタニウムテトライソプロポキサイド、チタニウムテトラメトキサイド、チタニウムテトラメトキシプロポキサイド、チタニウムテトラメチルフェノキサイド、チタニウムテトラ(n-ノニロキサイド)、チタニウムテトラ(n-プロポキサイド)、チタニウムテトラステアリロキサイド、チタニウムテトラキス[ビス{2,2-(アリロキシメチル)ブトキサイド}]等である。
III)チタノセン化合物:例えば、ペンタメチルシクロペンタジエニルチタニウムトリメトキサイド、ビス(η5-2,4-シクロペンタジエン-1-イル)ビス(2,6-ジフルオロフェニル)チタニウム、ビス(η5-2,4-シクロペンタジエン-1-イル)ビス(2,6-ジフルオロ-3-(1H-ピロール-1-イル)フェニル)チタニウム等である。
IV)モノアルコキシチタン化合物:例えば、チタニウムトリス(ジオクチルホスフェート)イソプロポキサイド、チタニウムトリス(ドデシルベンゼンスルホネート)イソプロポキサイド等である。
V)チタニウムオキサイド化合物:例えば、チタニウムオキサイドビス(ペンタンジオネート)、チタニウムオキサイドビス(テトラメチルヘプタンジオネート)、フタロシアニンチタニウムオキサイド等である。
VI)チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート化合物:例えば、チタニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート等である。
VII)チタネートカップリング剤:例えば、イソプロピルトリドデシルベンゼンスルホニルチタネート等である。
本発明の組成物は、酸化防止剤を含んでいてもよい。添加剤として酸化防止剤を含有することで、硬化後の膜の伸度特性や、金属材料との密着性を向上させることができる。酸化防止剤としては、フェノール化合物、亜リン酸エステル化合物、チオエーテル化合物などが挙げられる。フェノール化合物としては、フェノール系酸化防止剤として知られる任意のフェノール化合物を使用することができる。好ましいフェノール化合物としては、ヒンダードフェノール化合物が挙げられる。フェノール性ヒドロキシ基に隣接する部位(オルト位)に置換基を有する化合物が好ましい。前述の置換基としては炭素数1~22の置換又は無置換のアルキル基が好ましい。また、酸化防止剤は、同一分子内にフェノール基と亜リン酸エステル基を有する化合物も好ましい。また、酸化防止剤は、リン系酸化防止剤も好適に使用することができる。リン系酸化防止剤としてはトリス[2-[[2,4,8,10-テトラキス(1,1-ジメチルエチル)ジベンゾ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサホスフェピン-6-イル]オキシ]エチル]アミン、トリス[2-[(4,6,9,11-テトラ-tert-ブチルジベンゾ[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキサホスフェピン-2-イル)オキシ]エチル]アミン、亜リン酸エチルビス(2,4-ジ-tert-ブチル-6-メチルフェニル)などが挙げられる。酸化防止剤の市販品としては、例えば、アデカスタブ AO-20、アデカスタブ AO-30、アデカスタブ AO-40、アデカスタブ AO-50、アデカスタブ AO-50F、アデカスタブ AO-60、アデカスタブ AO-60G、アデカスタブ AO-80、アデカスタブ AO-330(以上、(株)ADEKA製)などが挙げられる。また、酸化防止剤は、特許第6268967号公報の段落番号0023~0048に記載された化合物を使用することもできる。また、本発明の組成物は、必要に応じて、潜在酸化防止剤を含有してもよい。潜在酸化防止剤としては、酸化防止剤として機能する部位が保護基で保護された化合物であって、100~250℃で加熱するか、又は酸/塩基触媒存在下で80~200℃で加熱することにより保護基が脱離して酸化防止剤として機能する化合物が挙げられる。潜在酸化防止剤としては、国際公開第2014/021023号、国際公開第2017/030005号、特開2017-008219号公報に記載された化合物が挙げられる。潜在酸化防止剤の市販品としては、アデカアークルズGPA-5001((株)ADEKA製)等が挙げられる。好ましい酸化防止剤の例としては、2,2-チオビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェノールおよび一般式(3)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
パターン形成用組成物の水分含有量は、塗布面性状の観点から、5質量%未満が好ましく、1質量%未満がより好ましく、0.6質量%未満が更に好ましい。水分の含有量を維持する方法としては、保管条件における湿度の調整、収容容器の空隙率低減などが挙げられる。
ハロゲン原子の含有量を調節する方法としては、イオン交換処理などが好ましく挙げられる。
パターン形成用組成物は、再配線層用層間絶縁膜の形成に用いられることが好ましい。
また、その他、半導体デバイスの絶縁膜の形成、又は、ストレスバッファ膜の形成等にも用いることができる。
各実施例又は比較例において、以下の製造方法に従い、樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物を製造した。
得られた樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物に含まれる、特定樹脂、酸価防止剤、他含有物(その他の成分)の種類及び含有量、並びに、酸化防止剤の酸化還元電位は、後述の表に記載した。
酸化防止剤の酸化還元電位は、以下の方法により測定した。
WaveNanoポテンショスタット(Pine Research Instrumentation)を用いてサイクリックボルタンメトリー測定を行った。参照電極、カウンター電極、及び作用電極としては、以下の材料を用いた。
・参照電極:銀/硝酸銀(電解質としては0.1mol/Lテトラアルキルアンモニウムテトラフルオロホウ酸塩のアセトニトリル溶液を使用することを含む無水アセトニトリル中の5mmol/Lの硝酸銀の新たに調製された溶液中に浸された銀線)、
・カウンター電極:白金線
・作用電極:白金ディスク(直径1.6mm)
各酸化防止剤の酸化電位は、各酸化防止剤のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)溶液(5mmol/L)溶液を用いて測定した。支持電解質としては1mol/Lの過塩素酸テトラブチルアンモニウム(TBAP)を使用した。
還元スキャンは、各酸化防止剤のTHF溶液(5mmol/L)に対して0.1mol/LのTBAPのアセトニトリル溶液により測定された。
典型的には、3サイクル(6区分)が20mV/秒の掃引速度で実施された。エネルギー準位は、真空準位に変換するために4.7Vのオフセットにより修正された。
以上の方法により、各酸化防止剤のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)溶液(5mmol/L)溶液についてボルタモグラムを測定し、これより得られる半波電位として酸化還元電位を求めた。
また、表中、「-」の記載は、該当する成分を含有しないことを意味している。
21.2gの4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、ODPAとHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに12.6gの4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのN-メチルピロリドンに溶解させ、ハイドロキノン0.05gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-1は、重量平均分子量26,000であった。得られたポリマーA-1の構造は、下記式(A-1)で表される構造であると推定される。
4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)155.1gを2リットル容量のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)134.0g及びγ-ブチロラクトン400mlを加えた。室温下で撹拌しながら、ピリジン79.1gを加えることにより、反応混合物を得た。反応による発熱の終了後、室温まで放冷し、更に16時間静置した。次に、氷冷下において、反応混合物に、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)206.3gをγ-ブチロラクトン180mlに溶解した溶液を、撹拌しながら40分かけて加えた。続いて、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン148.7gをγ-ブチロラクトン350mlに懸濁した懸濁液を、撹拌しながら60分かけて加えた。更に室温で2時間撹拌した後、エチルアルコール30mlを加えて1時間撹拌した。その後、γ-ブチロラクトン400mlを加えた。反応混合物に生じた沈殿物を、ろ過により取り除き、反応液を得た。得られた反応液を3リットルのエチルアルコールに加えて、粗ポリマーを生成した。粗ポリマーを濾取し、テトラヒドロフラン1.5リットルに溶解後、p-メトキシフェノール0.3gを混合し粗ポリマー溶液を得た。得られた粗ポリマー溶液を28リットルの水に滴下してポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-2は、重量平均分子量(Mw)20,000であった。得られたポリマーA-2の構造は、下記式(A-2)で表される構造であると推定される。
14.9gのピロメリット酸無水物と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、ピロメリット酸無水物とHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに20.2gの2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジンを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのシクロヘキサノンに溶解させ、4-メトキシアニリン0.1gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-3は、重量平均分子量21,000であった。得られたポリマーA-3の構造は、下記式(A-3)で表される構造であると推定される。
2,2’-ビフタル酸無水物147.1gを2リットル容量のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)134.0g及びγ-ブチロラクトン400mlを加えた。室温下で撹拌しながら、ピリジン79.1gを加えることにより、反応混合物を得た。反応による発熱の終了後、室温まで放冷し、更に16時間静置した。次に、氷冷下において、反応混合物に、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)206.3gをγ-ブチロラクトン180mlに溶解した溶液を、撹拌しながら40分かけて加えた。続いて、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル93.0gをγ-ブチロラクトン350mlに懸濁した懸濁液を、撹拌しながら60分かけて加えた。更に室温で2時間撹拌した後、エチルアルコール30mlを加えて1時間撹拌した。その後、γ-ブチロラクトン400mlを加えた。反応混合物に生じた沈殿物を、ろ過により取り除き、反応液を得た。得られた反応液を3リットルのエチルアルコールに加えて、粗ポリマーを生成した。粗ポリマーを濾取し、テトラヒドロフラン1.5リットルに溶解後、p-メトキシフェノール0.3gを混合し粗ポリマー溶液を得た。得られた粗ポリマー溶液を28リットルの水に滴下してポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-4は、重量平均分子量(Mw)20,500であった。得られたポリマーA-4の構造は、下記式(A-4)で表される構造であると推定される。
22.0gの3,3’, 4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物とHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに12.6gの4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのジメチルアセトアミドに溶解させ、トリフェニルホスフィン0.05gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-5は、重量平均分子量22,000であった。得られたポリマーA-5の構造は、下記式(A-5)で表される構造であると推定される。
21.2gの4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、ODPAとHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに6.8gの1,4-フェニレンジアミンを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、システイン0.3gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、得た粉体を乾式ペレット成形機に投入し圧砕押し出し方式にてペレット状に成型し、ペレット状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-6は、重量平均分子量20,000であった。得られたポリマーA-6の構造は、下記式(A-6)で表される構造であると推定される。
30.4gの4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物とHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに12.6gの4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのγ-ブチロラクトンに溶解させ、4-ニトロソアニソール0.05gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、得た粉体を乾式ペレット成形機に投入し圧砕押し出し方式にてペレット状に成型し、ペレット状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-7は、重量平均分子量20,000であった。得られたポリマーA-7の構造は、下記式(A-7)で表される構造であると推定される。
21.2gの4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、ODPAとHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに15.6gの4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホンを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのN-メチルピロリドンに溶解させ、3-ブロモーβ―ラパコン1.0gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-8は、重量平均分子量25,000であった。得られたポリマーA-8の構造は、下記式(A-8)で表される構造であると推定される。
21.2gの4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物(ODPA)と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、ODPAとHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに21.0gの2,2’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパンを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのシクロヘキサノンに溶解させ、アスコルビン酸0.5gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、得た粉体を乾式ペレット成形機に投入し圧砕押し出し方式にてペレット状に成型し、ペレット状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-9は、重量平均分子量20,000であった。得られたポリマーA-9の構造は、下記式(A-9)で表される構造であると推定される。
14.9gのピロメリット酸無水物と、18.0gの2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(HEMA)と、23.9gのピリジンと、0.10gの水と、250mlのジグリムとを混合し、60℃の温度で4時間撹拌して、ピロメリット酸無水物とHEMAとのジエステルを製造した。次いで、反応混合物を-10℃に冷却し、温度を-10±5℃に保ちながら17.0gのSOCl2を60分かけて加えた。50mlのN-メチルピロリドンで希釈した後、100mlのN-メチルピロリドンに12.6gの4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテルを溶解させた溶液を-10±5℃で60分かけて反応混合物に滴下して、混合物を2時間撹拌した。次いで、3リットルの水の中で粗ポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。固体である粗ポリマーを濾別して380mlのシクロペンタノンに溶解させ、p-メトキシベンズアルデヒド0.03gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粒体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-10は、重量平均分子量22,000であった。得られたポリマーA-10の構造は、下記式(A-10)で表される構造であると推定される。
実施例2および4で合成した粉体状の樹脂組成物を同量混合し、2種の樹脂と酸化防止剤、溶剤が含まれる粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。
実施例8と同様の操作で粗ポリマーを得た。粗ポリマーを380mlのN-メチルピロリドンに溶解させ、p-メトキシフェノール0.5gとアスコルビン酸0.5gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-8は、重量平均分子量25,000であった。得られたポリマーA-8の構造は、上述の式(A-8)で表される構造であると推定される。
実施例2と同様の操作で粗ポリマーを得た。粗ポリマーをテトラヒドロフラン1.5リットルに溶解後、p-メトキシフェノール0.3gとジエタノールアミン7.5gを混合し粗ポリマー溶液を得た。得られた粗ポリマー溶液を28リットルの水に滴下してポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。このポリマーA-2は、重量平均分子量(Mw)20,000であった。得られたポリマーA-2の構造は、上述の式(A-2)で表される構造であると推定される。
実施例1と同様の手順で粗ポリマーを合成した。粗ポリマーを380mlのテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール0.1gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の樹脂組成物を得た。
実施例1と同様の手順で粗ポリマーを合成した。粗ポリマーを500mlのN-メチルピロリドンに溶解させ、p-メトキシフェノール0.05gを混合した。得られた溶液を2リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の比較用組成物を得た。
実施例1と同様の手順で粗ポリマーを合成した。粗ポリマーを380mlのテトラヒドロフランに溶解させた。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の比較用組成物を得た。
実施例1と同様の手順で粗ポリマーを合成した。粗ポリマーを380mlのテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、ハイドロキノン5.0gを混合した。得られた溶液を3リットルの水に加えてポリマーを沈殿させ、水-ポリマー混合物を5000rpmの速度で15分間撹拌した。ポリマーを再び濾別して、減圧下で、45℃で3日間乾燥し、粉体状の比較用組成物を得た。
<感光性樹脂組成物の調製>
各実施例又は比較例において、下記記載の成分を混合し、均一な溶液として、感光性樹脂組成物(塗布液)を調製した。
各実施例又は比較例において調製した樹脂組成物又は比較用組成物 32質量部
光ラジカル重合開始剤:IRGACURE OXE 01(BASF社製)を1.2質量部
ラジカル重合性化合物:下記化合物(括弧の添え字は繰り返し数を表す)を5.6質量部
重合禁止剤 :p-ベンゾキノン(東京化成工業(株)製)を0.08質量部
マイグレーション抑制剤:下記化合物を0.12質量部
金属接着性改良剤:下記化合物(Etはエチル基を表す)を0.6質量部
塩基発生剤:下記化合物(Etはエチル基を表す)を0.4質量部
溶剤:γ-ブチロラクトン(三和油化工業(株)製)45質量部とジメチルスルホキシド(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製)15質量部
各感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのポリテトラフルオロエチレン製フィルターを通して0.3MPaの圧力で90分間加圧ろ過した。ろ過終了時の組成物質量と測定時間からろ過速度(min/g)を求め、下記評価基準に従い評価した。評価結果は、表の「ろ過性」の欄に記載した。数値が小さいほどろ過性が好ましい結果であるといえる。
〔評価基準〕
A:4.0min/g以上5.0min/g未満であった。
B:5.0min/g以上6.0min/g未満であった。
C:6.0min/g以上7.0min/g未満であった。
D:7.0min/g以上8.0min/g未満であった。
E:8.0min/g以上であった。
各感光性樹脂組成物を、細孔の幅が0.8μmのフィルターを通して0.3MPaの圧力で加圧ろ過した後、シリコンウェハ上にスピンコート法により塗布した。感光性樹脂組成物層が塗布されたシリコンウェハをホットプレート上で、100℃で5分間乾燥し、シリコンウェハ上に10μmの均一な膜厚の感光性樹脂組成物層を形成した。シリコンウェハ上の感光性樹脂組成物層を、ステッパー(Nikon NSR 2005 i9C)を用いて露光した。露光はi線で行い、波長365nmにおいて、200、300、400、500、600、700、800mJ/cm2の各露光エネルギーで、5μmから25μmまで1μm刻みの1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンが形成されたフォトマスクを使用して、露光を行って樹脂層を得た。
上記で得られた樹脂層を、シクロペンタノンで60秒間ネガ型現像し、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート(PGMEA)を用いてリンスした。上記7種それぞれの露光エネルギーにおいて、上記パターン状の樹脂層の1:1ラインアンドスペースパターンが形成される最小の線幅を走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定した。上記7つの最小の線幅のうち、最も小さい線幅を指標値とした。
上記指標値を用いて、下記評価基準に従って評価を行い、評価結果を表の「パターン形成性」の欄に記載した。
得られた樹脂層(パターン)の線幅が小さければ小さいほど光照射部と光非照射部との現像液に対する溶解性の差が大きくなっていることを表し、好ましい結果となる。測定限界は5μmである。
〔評価基準〕
A:上記指標値が5μm以上6μm未満であった。
B:上記指標値が6μm以上7.5μm未満であった。
C:上記指標値が7.5μm以上10μm未満であった。
D:上記指標値が10μmを超えた。
比較例1に係る比較用組成物は、酸化防止剤を含まない。このような組成物においては、溶剤に溶解した後にろ過性が低下することがわかる。
比較例2に係る比較用組成物は、酸化防止剤を特定樹脂の含有量に対して、10,000質量ppmを超える量で含む。このような組成物を用いてパターン形成用組成物(感光性樹脂組成物)を調製した場合においては、パターン形成性が低下することがわかる。
実施例1において使用した感光性樹脂組成物を、表面に銅薄層が形成された樹脂基材の銅薄層の表面にスピンコート法により層状に適用して、100℃で4分間乾燥し、膜厚20μmの硬化性樹脂組成物層を形成した後、ステッパー((株)ニコン製、NSR1505 i6)を用いて露光した。露光はマスク(パターンが1:1ラインアンドスペースであり、線幅が10μmであるバイナリマスク)を介して、波長365nmで行った。露光後、100℃で4分間加熱した。上記加熱後、シクロヘキサノンで2分間現像し、PGMEAで30秒間リンスし、層のパターンを得た。
次いで、窒素雰囲気下で、10℃/分の昇温速度で昇温し、230℃に達した後、230℃で3時間維持して、再配線層用層間絶縁膜を形成した。この再配線層用層間絶縁膜は、絶縁性に優れていた。
また、これらの再配線層用層間絶縁膜を使用して半導体デバイスを製造したところ、問題なく動作することを確認した。
Claims (16)
- ポリイミド前駆体、及び、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の樹脂であって、重合性基を有する樹脂、酸化防止剤、及び、有機溶剤を含み
前記酸化防止剤の含有量が、前記樹脂の含有量に対して、0.1質量ppm~10,000質量ppmであり、
粉体状、粒体状又はペレット状である
樹脂組成物。 - 前記有機溶剤の含有量が、樹脂組成物の全質量に対して、0を超え10質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂組成物の全質量に対する、前記樹脂、前記酸化防止剤、及び、前記有機溶剤の合計含有量が、95質量%以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記樹脂が、ポリイミド前駆体を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記重合性基が、ラジカル重合性基である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記酸化防止剤の酸化還元電位が、0.91V以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記酸化防止剤が、フェノール系化合物、アルコール系化合物、アルデヒド系化合物、アミン系化合物、ニトロソ系化合物、リン系化合物、イオウ系化合物、および、ケトン系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の化合物を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記酸化防止剤が、不飽和度が1以上のフェノール系化合物、又は、不飽和度が1以上のアルコール系化合物である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 前記有機溶剤が、炭化水素化合物、アルコール系化合物、カルボン酸、ケトン系化合物、エステル系化合物、エーテル系化合物、ニトリル系化合物、アミド系化合物、アミン系化合物、スルホン系化合物及びスルホキシド系化合物よりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物を製造する方法であって、
前記有機溶剤、及び、前記樹脂を含む製造用組成物に対して、前記酸化防止剤を添加する添加工程を含む、樹脂組成物の製造方法。 - 溶剤中で原料を反応させて前記樹脂を含む反応液を得る合成工程、及び、
前記反応液中の前記樹脂を再沈し、前記再沈された前記樹脂を前記有機溶剤に再溶解し、樹脂溶液を得る再沈再溶解工程を含み、
前記樹脂溶液を、前記製造用組成物として用いて前記添加工程を行う、請求項11に記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法。 - 前記添加工程後に、前記樹脂を再沈する再沈工程を含む、請求項11又は12に記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法。
- 前記再沈工程後に、前記有機溶剤を除去する乾燥工程を行う、請求項13に記載の樹脂組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物と、溶剤とを混合する混合工程を含む
パターン形成用組成物の製造方法。 - 前記混合工程において、感光剤を更に混合する、請求項15に記載のパターン形成用組成物の製造方法。
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