WO2021131655A1 - 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 - Google Patents
感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021131655A1 WO2021131655A1 PCT/JP2020/045551 JP2020045551W WO2021131655A1 WO 2021131655 A1 WO2021131655 A1 WO 2021131655A1 JP 2020045551 W JP2020045551 W JP 2020045551W WO 2021131655 A1 WO2021131655 A1 WO 2021131655A1
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- 0 C**(C)C1*NC1 Chemical compound C**(C)C1*NC1 0.000 description 12
- RSAJRACVNVVWPQ-WUBHUQEYSA-N CC(COC(CN1CCCCC1)=O)c1ccc([C@@H](C)[S+](c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1 Chemical compound CC(COC(CN1CCCCC1)=O)c1ccc([C@@H](C)[S+](c2ccccc2)c2ccccc2)cc1 RSAJRACVNVVWPQ-WUBHUQEYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- lithography method In the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices such as ICs (Integrated Circuits, integrated circuits) and LSIs (Large Scale Integrated Circuits, large-scale integrated circuits), fine processing by lithography using a photosensitive composition is performed.
- the lithography method include a method of forming a resist film with a photosensitive composition, exposing the obtained film, and then developing the film.
- EB Electro Beam
- EUV Extreme ultimate
- Patent Document 1 discloses a resin having a monocyclic structure containing a sulfonyl group, a photoacid generator, and a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a basic compound, which is basic.
- a basic compound or an ammonium salt compound whose basicity is lowered by irradiation with active light or radiation is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes a chemically amplified type containing a resin having a sulfonyl group, a photoacid generator, and a compound which is a component which is relatively basic to an acid and whose basicity is lowered by irradiation with radiation.
- the resist material is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 contains a resin having a polycyclic structure containing a sulfonyl group, a photoacid generator, and a chemically amplified compound containing a compound that is sensitive to high energy rays or heat and generates a sulfonic acid having a specific nitrogen-containing group.
- the resist material is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a composition containing a resin having a monocyclic structure containing a sulfonyl group, a photoacid generator, and an acid diffusion control agent. As an acid diffusion control agent, a weak acid is exposed to light by exposure. It is stated that the generated photodisintegrant base may be used.
- compositions described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 have the LWR performance and composition when a pattern is formed after being stored for a long period of time (for example, 180 days) after being produced. It has been newly found that the defect suppressing performance of the pattern formed when the leaving time is provided after the application of the object is insufficient.
- the present invention is a sensitive light beam that is excellent in LWR performance even when stored for a long period of time in a pattern formed by using EUV light, and can suppress the occurrence of pattern defects even when a leaving time is provided after application. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sex or radiation sensitive resin composition. Another object of the present invention is to provide a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using the above-mentioned sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- n a1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group.
- n a1 represents an integer of 2 or more, the plurality of R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other. * Represents the bond position.
- X a1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom.
- n a1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group.
- the plurality of R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other.
- RC1 represents a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- R C1, and L C1 is substituted by a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- RC2 represents a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- R C2 and L C2 is substituted by a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- a C31, and A C32 each independently represents a -SO 2 -R PC1 or -CO-R PC2,.
- R PC1 and R PC2 represent an organic group.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- RC01 , RC02 , and RC03 each independently represent an organic group.
- R C04, and R C05 are each independently represents an aryl group, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group.
- the compound (B) that generates acid by irradiation with active light or radiation and the ionic compound (C) are the same compound and generate acid by irradiation with active light or radiation, and the active light or radiation. It is a compound whose acid scavenging property is lowered by being decomposed by the irradiation of
- MD1 + and MD2 + each independently represent an organic cation.
- L D represents a divalent organic group.
- a D1 -, and B D1 - each independently represents an acid anion group.
- L D, A D1 -, and B D1 - at least one of is substituted by a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- the pKa of the group is lower than the pKa of the group represented by BD1 H.
- the process of exposing the resist film and A pattern forming method comprising a step of developing the exposed resist film using a developing solution to form a pattern.
- a pattern having excellent LWR performance can be obtained even when stored for a long period of time, and even when a leaving time after application occurs, the pattern is defective. It is possible to provide a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition capable of suppressing the generation. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using the above-mentioned sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- the numerical range represented by using "-" in the present specification means a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the bonding direction of the divalent group described in the present specification is not limited unless otherwise specified.
- Y when Y is -COO- in the compound represented by the general formula "XYZ", Y may be -CO-O-, and is -O-CO-. You may. Moreover, the said compound may be "X-CO-O-Z" or "X-O-CO-Z".
- (meth) acrylic is a general term including acrylic and methacryl, and means “at least one of acrylic and methacrylic”.
- (meth) acrylic acid means “at least one of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid”.
- the term “active light” or “radiation” refers to, for example, the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays typified by an excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV light: Extreme Ultraviolet), X-rays, and electron beams (EB). : Electron Beam) and the like.
- the term “light” means active light or radiation.
- the term “exposure” as used herein refers to not only exposure to the emission line spectrum of a mercury lamp, far ultraviolet rays typified by excimer lasers, extreme ultraviolet rays, X-rays, EUV light, etc., but also electron beams, and the term “exposure”. It also includes drawing with particle beams such as ion beams.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), and dispersity (also referred to as molecular weight distribution) (Mw / Mn) of the resin are GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) apparatus (HLC-8120GPC manufactured by Toso).
- GPC measurement (solvent: tetrahydrofuran, flow rate (sample injection amount): 10 ⁇ L, column: TSK gel Multipoly HXL-M manufactured by Toso Co., Ltd., column temperature: 40 ° C., flow velocity: 1.0 mL / min, detector: differential refractometer detection It is defined as a polystyrene conversion value by a device (Refractive Index Detector).
- 1 ⁇ is 1 x 10-10 m.
- the acid dissociation constant (pKa) represents pKa in an aqueous solution, and specifically, using the following software package 1, a value based on a database of Hammett's substituent constants and known literature values is used. , It is a value obtained by calculation. All pKa values described herein indicate values calculated using this software package.
- pKa can also be obtained by the molecular orbital calculation method.
- a specific method for this there is a method of calculating H + dissociation free energy in a solvent based on a thermodynamic cycle.
- water is usually used as the solvent, and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) is used when pKa cannot be obtained with water.
- the calculation method of H + dissociation free energy can be calculated by, for example, DFT (density functional theory), but various other methods have been reported in the literature and are not limited thereto.
- DFT density functional theory
- There are a plurality of software that can perform DFT and examples thereof include Gaussian16.
- pKa in the present specification refers to a value obtained by calculation based on a database of Hammett's substituent constants and publicly known literature values using software package 1, and pKa is calculated by this method. If it cannot be calculated, the value obtained by Gaussian 16 based on DFT (density functional theory) shall be adopted.
- the notation that does not describe substitution or non-substituent includes a group having a substituent as well as a group having no substituent.
- the "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- the "organic group” in the present specification means a group containing at least one carbon atom.
- the type of the substituent, the position of the substituent, and the number of the substituents when "may have a substituent” are not particularly limited.
- the number of substituents may be, for example, one, two, three, or more.
- the substituent include a monovalent non-metal atomic group excluding a hydrogen atom, and for example, the following substituent T can be selected.
- the substituent T includes a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom; an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and a tert-butoxy group; an aryloxy group such as a phenoxy group and a p-tolyloxy group; Alkoxycarbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl group, butoxycarbonyl group and phenoxycarbonyl group; acyloxy groups such as acetoxy group, propionyloxy group and benzoyloxy group; acetyl group, benzoyl group, isobutyryl group, acryloyl group, methacryloyl group and metoxalyl group and the like.
- a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom
- an alkoxy group such
- Acrylic groups alkylsulfanyl groups such as methylsulfanyl group and tert-butylsulfanyl group; arylsulfanyl groups such as phenylsulfanyl group and p-tolylsulfonyl group; alkyl groups; cycloalkyl groups; aryl groups; heteroaryl groups; hydroxyl groups; Carboxy group; formyl group; sulfo group; cyano group; alkylaminocarbonyl group; arylaminocarbonyl group; sulfonamide group; silyl group; amino group; monoalkylamino group; dialkylamino group; arylamino group; Can be mentioned.
- the actinic or radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “resist composition”) will be described.
- the resist composition of the present invention may be a positive type resist composition or a negative type resist composition. Further, it may be a resist composition for alkaline development or a resist composition for organic solvent development.
- the composition of the present invention is typically a chemically amplified resist composition.
- the resist composition of the present invention comprises a resin (A) containing a repeating unit (a1) having a structure represented by the general formula (1) described later, and a compound (B) that generates an acid by irradiation with active light or radiation. ) And a compound whose acid scavenging property is lowered by decomposition by irradiation with active light or radiation, which has an anionic acid scavenging group, does not have a nonionic acid scavenging group, and is fluorine. It contains an ionic compound (C) containing an atom in the anion portion.
- the compound (B) that generates an acid by irradiation with active light or radiation and the ionic compound (C) may be the same compound.
- a compound whose basicity is reduced by decomposition by irradiation with active light or radiation which has been conventionally used as an acid diffusion control agent, in the formation of a resist pattern using EUV (wavelength 13.5 nm) for the purpose of forming a fine pattern.
- EUV wavelength 13.5 nm
- the acid diffusion control agents in the resist composition aggregate with each other, and the LWR performance in the obtained pattern is obtained. Will worsen and increase defects.
- an acid trapping group that enhances aggregation such as an amino group
- an ionic compound having an ionic acid trapping group and containing a fluorine atom in the anion portion is used. This makes it possible to weaken the interaction between the acid diffusion regulators.
- a resin having a monocyclic cyclic structure containing a sulfonyl group (-SO 2-) as a ring member is used.
- the degree of freedom of the cyclic structure containing the sulfonyl group is low, so that the interaction with the acid diffusion regulator is too weak and contributes to the dispersion of the acid diffusion regulator. do not.
- the resist composition contains the resin (A).
- the resin (A) is typically an acid-degradable resin, which is a resin in which the polarity is increased by the action of an acid, the solubility in an alkaline developer is increased, and the solubility in an organic solvent is decreased.
- the resin (A) has a group that decomposes by the action of an acid to generate a polar group (in other words, a structure in which the polar group is protected by a leaving group that is eliminated by the action of an acid).
- a group (structure) is also called an acid-degradable group.
- a resin having an acid-degradable group (that is, a resin having a repeating unit having an acid-degradable group) has an increased polarity due to the action of an acid, an increase in solubility in an alkaline developer, and a decrease in solubility in an organic solvent.
- the resin (A) has a repeating unit (a1) having a structure represented by the following general formula (1).
- n a1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group.
- n a1 represents an integer of 2 or more, the plurality of R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other. * Represents the bond position.
- na1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- n a1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 3 to 5.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group.
- R 1 to R 4 represent an alkyl group
- examples of the alkyl group include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- substituent when the alkyl group has a substituent include the substituent described in the Substituent T, which is preferably a halogen atom and more preferably a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the halogen atom when R 1 to R 4 represent a halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- Each of R 1 to R 4 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyl group, and is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a hydroxyl group. It is more preferably a hydroxyl group and even more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the repeating unit (a1) is preferably a repeating unit (a1-2) represented by the following general formula (1-2).
- X a1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom.
- n a1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- R 1 to R 4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, or a hydroxyl group.
- the plurality of R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other.
- X a1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom.
- examples of the alkyl group include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- substituent when the alkyl group has a substituent include the substituent described in the Substituent T, which is preferably a halogen atom and more preferably a fluorine atom.
- halogen atom when X a1 represents a halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- X a1 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a fluorine-substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a fluorine atom. It is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a fluorine atom.
- the hydrocarbon group includes a chain alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a chain alkaneylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and a chain alkaneylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples include chain alkylylene groups.
- Examples of the chain alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, an n-butylene group, an n-pentylene group and the like, and a methylene group, an ethylene group or an n-propylene group.
- a methylene group or an ethylene group is more preferable, and a methylene group is further preferable.
- chain alkenylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms include a vinyl group, an n-propenylene group, a 1-butenyl group, a 2-butenyl group and the like.
- chain alkynylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms include an ethynylene group, an n-propinylene group, a 1-butynylene group, a 2-butynylene group and the like.
- Examples of the substituent when the divalent chain hydrocarbon group has a substituent include the substituent described in the Substituent T, which is preferably a halogen atom and more preferably a fluorine atom. ..
- n a1, and R 1 ⁇ R 4 has the same meaning as n a1, and R 1 ⁇ R 4 in the general formula (1), and preferred examples are also the same.
- repeating unit corresponding to the repeating unit (a1) will be illustrated, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the repeating unit (a1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the repeating unit (a1) is preferably 5 to 70% by mass, more preferably 5 to 50% by mass, and 5 to 30% by mass with respect to all the repeating units of the resin (A). % Is more preferable.
- the resin (A) preferably further has a repeating unit (a2) having an acid group.
- the acid group of the repeating unit (a2) is preferably at least one group selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a fluorinated alkyl alcohol group, preferably a phenolic hydroxyl group. , Or a fluorinated alkyl alcohol group is more preferable.
- a repeating unit having a phenolic hydroxyl group As the repeating unit having a phenolic hydroxyl group, a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (B2) is preferable.
- X represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the substituent of the alkyl group is preferably a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom.
- the alkyl group has a substituent, it is preferable that the alkyl group has only a hydroxyl group and / or a halogen atom as the substituent.
- the alkyl group is preferably -CH 3.
- X 4 represents a single bond, -COO-, or -CONR 64-
- R 64 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably having a number of carbon atoms). Represents 1 to 5).
- the carbonyl carbon in -COO- is preferably directly attached to the main chain of the repeating unit.
- L 4 represents a single bond or an alkylene group (which may be linear or branched, preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms).
- Ar 4 represents an (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group.
- the aromatic ring group is an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as a benzene ring group, a naphthalene ring group, and an anthracene ring group, or a thiophene ring group, a furan ring group, a pyrrole ring group, a benzothiophene ring group, and a benzofuran.
- Aromatic ring groups containing heterocycles such as a ring group, a benzopyrol ring group, a triazine ring group, an imidazole ring group, a benzoimidazole ring group, a triazole ring group, a thiazazole ring group, and a thiazole ring group are preferable, and a benzene ring group is preferable. More preferred.
- n represents an integer from 1 to 5.
- the (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group may further have a substituent.
- Examples of the substituent that the above-mentioned alkyl group of R 64 , alkylene group of L 4 and Ar 4 (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group can have include a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom) and a methoxy group. Examples thereof include an alkoxy group such as an ethoxy group, a hydroxyethoxy group, a propoxy group, a hydroxypropoxy group, and a butoxy group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group; and the like. Further , examples of the substituent that the (n + 1) -valent aromatic ring group of Ar 4 can have include an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms).
- a 1 or 2.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- a represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- a -Repeating unit having a fluorinated alkyl alcohol group As the repeating unit having a fluorinated alkyl alcohol group, a repeating unit having a hexafluoroisopropanol group is preferable, and it is more preferably a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (A6). preferable.
- X Q6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group (preferably a methyl group).
- RQ6 represents an alkylene group (linear or branched chain, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms), a non-aromatic ring group, an aromatic ring group, or a group composed of a combination of two or more of these. ..
- Examples of the non-aromatic ring group include a monocyclic hydrocarbon ring group and a polycyclic hydrocarbon ring group.
- Examples of the monocyclic hydrocarbon ring group include a cycloalkane ring group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms (preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkene ring group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the polycyclic hydrocarbon ring group include a ring-assembled hydrocarbon ring group and a crosslinked ring-type hydrocarbon ring group.
- Examples of the crosslinked cyclic hydrocarbon ring include a bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, a tricyclic hydrocarbon ring, a tetracyclic hydrocarbon ring and the like.
- the crosslinked cyclic hydrocarbon ring may be a condensed ring in which a plurality of 5- to 8-membered cycloalkane rings are condensed.
- the crosslinked cyclic hydrocarbon ring group is preferably a norbornane ring group, an adamantane ring group, a bicyclooctane ring group, or a tricyclo [5, 2, 1, 02, 6] decane ring group.
- the aromatic ring group preferably has an aromatic ring group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a benzene ring group, a naphthalene ring group, an anthracene ring group, or a biphenylene ring group.
- alkylene group, the non-aromatic ring group, and the aromatic ring group do not have a substituent other than ⁇ ( ⁇ C (CF 3 ) 2 OH) q6.
- q6 represents an integer from 1 to 5.
- repeating unit corresponding to the repeating unit having a fluorinated alkyl alcohol group will be exemplified, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 50% by mass, or 5 to 50% by mass, based on all the repeating units of the resin (A). 40% by mass is more preferable.
- the repeating unit (a2) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resin (A) may further contain a repeating unit having an acid-degradable group (also referred to as “repeating unit (a3)”).
- the acid-degradable group preferably has a structure in which the polar group is protected by a group (leaving group) that is eliminated by the action of an acid.
- the polar group include a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonamide group, a sulfonylimide group, a (alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, and (alkylsulfonyl) (alkylcarbonyl).
- Imid group bis (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, bis (alkylcarbonyl) imide group, bis (alkylsulfonyl) methylene group, bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide group, tris (alkylcarbonyl) methylene group, and tris (alkylsulfonyl)
- acidic groups such as methylene groups (typically, groups dissociating in a 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution), alcoholic hydroxyl groups and the like.
- the alcoholic hydroxyl group is a hydroxyl group bonded to a hydrocarbon group and refers to a hydroxyl group other than the hydroxyl group directly bonded on the aromatic ring (phenolic hydroxyl group), and the ⁇ -position of the hydroxyl group is electron attraction such as a fluorine atom. Excludes aliphatic alcohols substituted with sex groups (eg, hexafluoroisopropanol groups, etc.).
- the alcoholic hydroxyl group is preferably a hydroxyl group having a pKa (acid dissociation constant) of 12 or more and 20 or less.
- a carboxyl group a phenolic hydroxyl group, a fluorinated alcohol group (preferably a hexafluoroisopropanol group), or a sulfonic acid group is preferable.
- Examples of the group desorbed by the action of an acid include groups represented by the formulas (Y1) to (Y4).
- Equation (Y1): -C (Rx 1 ) (Rx 2 ) (Rx 3 ) Equation (Y2): -C ( O) OC (Rx 1 ) (Rx 2 ) (Rx 3 ) Equation (Y3): -C (R 36 ) (R 37 ) (OR 38 )
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 are independently alkyl groups (linear or branched chain), cycloalkyl groups (monocyclic or polycyclic), or aryl groups (monocyclic or polycyclic), respectively. Represents monocyclic or polycyclic). Among them, Rx 1 to Rx 3 preferably independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group, and Rx 1 to Rx 3 each independently represent a linear alkyl group. Is more preferable. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be combined to form a monocyclic or polycyclic ring.
- the alkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group. Further, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a t-butyl group is preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a cyclopentyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group, and a norbornyl group. , Tetracyclodecanyl group, tetracyclododecanyl group, and polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as adamantyl group are preferable.
- the aryl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group.
- the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and aryl group may have a substituent.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include a cyclopentyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group, and a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, and a tetracyclododeca.
- a polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as an nyl group and an adamantyl group is preferable, and a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring has a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom or a hetero atom such as a carbonyl group. It may be replaced.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by bonding two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may have a substituent.
- R 36 to R 38 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 37 and R 38 may be combined with each other to form a ring.
- the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group and the like. It is also preferable that R 36 is a hydrogen atom.
- L 1 and L 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group in which these are combined (for example, a group in which an alkyl group and an aryl group are combined).
- .. M represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Q is an alkyl group that may contain a hetero atom, a cycloalkyl group that may contain a hetero atom, an aryl group that may contain a hetero atom, an amino group, an ammonium group, a mercapto group, a cyano group, and an aldehyde.
- the alkyl group and the cycloalkyl group for example, one of the methylene groups may be replaced with a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom or a group having a hetero atom such as a carbonyl group.
- one of L 1 and L 2 is a hydrogen atom and the other is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or a group in which an alkylene group and an aryl group are combined.
- L 2 is preferably a secondary or tertiary alkyl group, and more preferably a tertiary alkyl group.
- the secondary alkyl group include an isopropyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a norbornyl group
- examples of the tertiary alkyl group include a tert-butyl group and an adamantan group.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- activation energy are high, so that in addition to ensuring the film strength, fog can be suppressed.
- Ar represents an aromatic ring group.
- Rn represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- Rn and Ar may be combined with each other to form a non-aromatic ring.
- Ar is more preferably an aryl group.
- the resin (A) preferably has an acetal structure.
- the acid-degradable group preferably has an acetal structure.
- the acetal structure is a structure in which polar groups such as a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a fluorinated alcohol group are protected by a group represented by the above formula (Y3).
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (A) is preferable.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group
- R 1 to R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent
- R 4 represents a group that is decomposed and eliminated by the action of an acid.
- L 1 represents a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group include -CO- , -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , a hydrocarbon group (for example, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, an alkaneylene group, an arylene group, etc.).
- a linking group in which a plurality of these are linked can be mentioned.
- the L 1, -CO- an arylene group.
- a phenylene group is preferable.
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is not particularly limited, but 1 to 10 is preferable, and 1 to 3 is more preferable.
- R 1 to R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent.
- the monovalent substituent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and a halogen atom.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited, but 1 to 10 is preferable, and 1 to 3 is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the number of carbon atoms of this cycloalkyl group is preferably 3 to 8.
- the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- R 4 represents a group (leaving group) that is eliminated by the action of an acid.
- examples of the leaving group include groups represented by the above formulas (Y1) to (Y4), and groups represented by the above formula (Y3) are preferable.
- the substituents include, for example, an alkyl group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group. (2 to 6 carbon atoms) and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- a repeating unit having an acid-degradable group a repeating unit represented by the general formula (AI) is also preferable.
- Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- T represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Rx 1 to Rx 3 independently represent an alkyl group (linear or branched chain) or a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic). However, when all of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are alkyl groups (linear or branched chain), it is preferable that at least two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 are methyl groups. Two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 may be bonded to form a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic).
- the alkyl group for example, include groups represented by methyl group or -CH 2 -R 11.
- R 11 represents a halogen atom (fluorine atom or the like), a hydroxyl group or a monovalent organic group, and examples thereof include an alkyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms and an acyl group having 5 or less carbon atoms and having 3 or less carbon atoms.
- Alkyl groups are preferred, and methyl groups are more preferred.
- Xa 1 a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a hydroxymethyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the divalent linking group of T include an alkylene group, an aromatic ring group, an -COO-Rt- group, an -O-Rt- group and the like.
- Rt represents an alkylene group or a cycloalkylene group.
- T is preferably a single bond or a -COO-Rt- group.
- Rt is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and is preferably a -CH 2- group,- (CH 2 ) 2- group, or- (CH 2 ) 3- Groups are more preferred.
- Examples of the alkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, and a t-butyl group. preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group of Rx 1 to Rx 3 include a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group, or a norbornyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- the polycyclic cycloalkyl group of is preferred.
- a cyclopentyl group and a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclohexyl group are preferable, and in addition, a norbornyl group and a tetracyclodecanyl group are used.
- Tetracyclododecanyl group, and polycyclic cycloalkyl group such as adamantyl group are preferable.
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group formed by combining two of Rx 1 to Rx 3 is, for example, a group in which one of the methylene groups constituting the ring has a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom or a hetero atom such as a carbonyl group. It may be replaced.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (AI) for example, it is preferable that Rx 1 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, and Rx 2 and Rx 3 are bonded to form the above-mentioned cycloalkyl group.
- the substituents include, for example, an alkyl group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group (1 to 4 carbon atoms), a carboxyl group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group. (2 to 6 carbon atoms) and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 8 or less.
- the repeating unit represented by the general formula (AI) is preferably an acid-degradable (meth) acrylic acid tertiary alkyl ester-based repeating unit (Xa 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and T is a single bond. It is a repeating unit that represents.
- the resin (A) may contain a repeating unit having an acid-degradable group alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the repeating unit having an acid-degradable group contained in the resin (A) is based on all the repeating units of the resin (A). It is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, still more preferably 25 to 75% by mass.
- the resin (A) may further contain a repeating unit (also referred to as “repeating unit (a4)”) having a polar group different from that of the repeating units (a1) to (a3).
- a repeating unit also referred to as “repeating unit (a4)
- Examples of the polar group contained in the repeating unit (a4) include an ester group, a sulfonate group, a sulfonamide group, a carbonate group, a carbamate group, an alcoholic hydroxyl group (excluding the fluorinated alkyl alcohol group in the repeating unit (a2) described above), and a sulfoxide. It is preferably at least one group selected from the group consisting of a group, a sulfonyl group, a ketone group, an imide group, an amide group, a sulfonimide group, a cyano group, a nitro group, and an ether group, preferably a lactone group, a sulton group, and the like.
- the repeating unit (a4) preferably has a lactone structure or a sultone structure, and particularly preferably has a lactone structure.
- the lactone structure or sultone structure may have a lactone ring or a sultone ring, and a lactone structure having a 5- to 7-membered lactone ring or a sultone structure having a 5- to 7-membered sultone ring is preferable.
- a lactone structure in which a 5- to 7-membered ring lactone ring is fused with another ring to form a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure is also preferable.
- a sultone structure in which another ring is fused to a 5- to 7-membered sultone ring in the form of forming a bicyclo structure or a spiro structure is also preferable.
- the resin (A) has a lactone structure represented by any of the following general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-22), or any of the following general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3). It is preferable to include a repeating unit having a sultone structure represented by. Further, the lactone structure or the sultone structure may be directly bonded to the main chain. Among them, the general formula (LC1-1), the general formula (LC1-4), the general formula (LC1-5), the general formula (LC1-8), the general formula (LC1-16), and the general formula (LC1-21). Alternatively, a lactone structure represented by the general formula (LC1-22) or a sultone structure represented by the general formula (SL1-1) is preferable.
- the lactone structure or sultone structure may or may not have a substituent (Rb 2).
- substituent (Rb 2 ) include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and a carboxy group.
- a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group or the like is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a cyano group is more preferable.
- n 2 represents an integer from 0 to 4. When n 2 is 2 or more, the plurality of substituents (Rb 2 ) may be the same or different. Further, a plurality of existing substituents (Rb 2 ) may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- a repeating unit having a lactone structure or a sultone structure a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (LS1) is preferable.
- a LS represents an ester bond (-COO- group represented by) or an amide bond (a group represented by -CONH-).
- t is the number of repetitions of the structure represented by ⁇ R LS2 ⁇ R LS3 ⁇ , represents an integer of 0 to 5, is preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0.
- (-R LS2- R LS3- ) t is a single bond.
- R LS2 represents an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or a combination thereof. When there are a plurality of R LS2s , the plurality of R LS2s may be the same or different from each other.
- the alkylene group or cycloalkylene group of RLS2 may have a substituent.
- RLS3 represents a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urethane bond, or a urea bond.
- the plurality of R LS3s may be the same or different from each other.
- R LS3 is preferably an ether bond or an ester bond, and more preferably an ester bond.
- RLS4 represents a monovalent organic group having a lactone structure or a sultone structure.
- the lactone structure in any of the above-mentioned structures represented by the general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-22) and the structures represented by the general formulas (SL1-1) to (SL1-3).
- it is preferably a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from one carbon atom constituting the sultone structure. It is preferable that the carbon atom from which one hydrogen atom is removed is not a carbon atom constituting a substituent (Rb 2).
- RLS1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group (preferably a methyl group).
- a monomer corresponding to a repeating unit having at least one selected from the group consisting of a lactone structure and a sultone structure will be illustrated.
- the methyl group attached to the vinyl group may be replaced with a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.
- the repeating unit (a4) it is also preferable that the repeating unit has a carbonate group.
- the carbonate group in the repeating unit having a carbonate group is preferably contained in the cyclic carbonate group.
- the repeating unit having a carbonate group is preferably a repeating unit represented by the general formula (A4).
- RA 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent organic group (preferably a methyl group).
- n represents an integer of 0 or more (preferably 0 to 3).
- RA 2 represents a substituent. when n is 2 or more, R A 2 existing in plural, may each be the same or different.
- A represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group is an alkylene group (preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a divalent linking group having a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, an ether group, an ester group, a carbonyl group, and a carboxylic acid. A group or a divalent group in which these are combined is preferable.
- Z represents an atomic group forming a monocyclic or polycyclic ring with a group represented by —O—CO—O— in the formula.
- the monocyclic or polycyclic ring formed by Z together with the group represented by —O—CO—O— in the formula is preferably a 5-membered cyclic carbonate group, and is represented by the following general formula (CC1-1).
- the cyclic carbonate structure is more preferable. That is, it is preferable that A in the general formula (A4) is bonded to a group formed by extracting one hydrogen atom from the ring member atom of the cyclic carbonic acid ester structure represented by the following general formula (CC1-1). ..
- the cyclic carbonate structure portion in the general formula (CC1-1) may have a substituent (Rb2).
- Preferred substituents (Rb2) include, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and a carboxylic acid. Examples thereof include an acid group, a halogen atom (preferably a fluorine atom), a hydroxyl group, and a cyano group.
- n3 represents an integer of 0 or 1.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a polar group other than the above-mentioned lactone group, sultone group, or carbonate group.
- a repeating unit having a polar group other than the above-mentioned lactone group, sultone group, or carbonate group a repeating unit having an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with the above-mentioned polar group is preferable.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon structure substituted with a polar group is preferably a cyclohexyl group, an adamantyl group, or a norbornane group.
- the resin (A) has the repeating unit described in paragraphs [0370] to [0433] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1 as the repeating unit (a4).
- the type of the repeating unit (a4) contained in the resin (A) may be one type or two or more types.
- the content of the repeating unit (a4) contained in the resin (A) (if there are a plurality of repeating units (a4), the total content thereof) is the resin. It is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 45% by mass, still more preferably 10 to 30% by mass, based on all the repeating units in (A).
- the resin (A) may further contain a repeating unit (a5) represented by the following formula (D).
- cylic represents a group forming a main chain with a cyclic structure.
- the number of constituent atoms of the ring is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (D) include the following repeating units.
- R is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a halogen atom, and the like.
- the ester group (-OCOR “or -COOR”: R "is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkyl group) or a carboxylic acid group.
- the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, the aralkyl group, and the alkenyl group may each have a substituent. Further, the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the group represented by R may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- R' is independently an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a halogen atom and an ester group.
- R is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkyl group
- the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, the aralkyl group, and the alkenyl group may each have a substituent.
- the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the group represented by R' may be replaced with a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- m represents an integer greater than or equal to 0. The upper limit of m is not particularly limited, but it is often 2 or less, and more often 1 or less.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 50% by mass with respect to all the repeating units of the resin (A). 3 to 40% by mass is more preferable, and 5 to 30% by mass is further preferable.
- the resin (A) may further contain a repeating unit (a6) represented by the following formula (E).
- Re independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group.
- the organic group include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group and the like, which may have a substituent.
- Cylic is a cyclic group containing a carbon atom in the main chain. The number of atoms contained in the cyclic group is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the repeating unit represented by the formula (E) include the following repeating units.
- R is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and an alkenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, and a halogen. It represents an atom, an ester group (-OCOR “or -COOR”: R "is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkyl group), or a carboxylic acid group.
- the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, the aralkyl group, and the alkenyl group may each have a substituent.
- the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the group represented by R may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- R' is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, and an alkenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a halogen atom, and an ester.
- the alkyl group, the cycloalkyl group, the aryl group, the aralkyl group, and the alkenyl group may each have a substituent.
- the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the group represented by R' may be replaced with a fluorine atom or an iodine atom.
- m represents an integer greater than or equal to 0. The upper limit of m is not particularly limited, but it is often 2 or less, and more often 1 or less.
- the formula (E-2), the formula (E-4), the formula (E-6), the formula (E-8), and the formula (E-12) the two Rs are bonded to each other to form a ring. You may be doing it.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 3 to 40% by mass, based on all the repeating units of the resin (A).
- the mass% is more preferable, and 5 to 30% by mass is further preferable.
- the resin (A) may contain a repeating unit other than the above as the other repeating unit as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired.
- the resin (A) may have a repeating unit having a photoacid generating group. Good.
- the repeating unit having a photoacid generating group is not particularly limited, but is preferably a repeating unit represented by the general formula (A7) (repeating unit (a7)).
- the two Xfs independently represent an alkyl group (preferably CF 3 ) substituted with a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or at least one fluorine atom. Of the two Xfs, at least one is preferably a non-hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group preferably has only a fluorine atom as a substituent.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group, and when there are a plurality of them, R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the substituent of the alkyl group is preferably a fluorine atom. When the alkyl group has a substituent, it is preferable that the alkyl group has only a fluorine atom as the substituent.
- L represents a divalent linking group, and when a plurality of L are present, L may be the same or different.
- the divalent linking group of L is -COO-, -CO- , -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, alkaneylene group, and a plurality of these. Examples thereof include linked linking groups, and linking groups having a total carbon number of 12 or less are preferable.
- x represents an integer of 1 to 20
- y represents an integer of 0 to 10
- z represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- X 7 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen atom.
- alkyl group in which X 7 represents an alkyl group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an i-propyl group, or an n-propyl group. Is preferable, a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable, and a methyl group is further preferable.
- substituent when the alkyl group has a substituent include the substituent described in the Substituent T.
- halogen atom when X 7 represents a halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- M + represents a cation.
- M + for example, the same cation as M + in the general formula (PA-1) described later can be used.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass, and 1 to 1 to 25% by mass, based on all the repeating units of the resin (A). 15% by mass is more preferable.
- the repeating unit (a7) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resin (A) can be synthesized according to a conventional method (for example, radical polymerization).
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin (A) is preferably 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably 3,000 to 20,000, and even more preferably 4,500 to 15,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the resin (A) is set to 1,000 to 200,000, deterioration of heat resistance and dry etching resistance can be prevented, and further, deterioration of developability and high viscosity can be prevented. It is possible to prevent the film property from deteriorating.
- the dispersity (molecular weight distribution) of the resin (A) is usually 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1.2 to 3.0, and even more preferably 1.2 to 2.0.
- the content of the resin (A) is preferably 50 to 99.9% by mass, more preferably 60 to 99.0% by mass, based on the total solid content. Further, the resin (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition may contain a compound that generates an acid by irradiation with active light or radiation (also referred to as a photoacid generator or a photoacid generator (B)).
- the photoacid generator is a compound that generates an acid upon exposure (preferably exposure to EUV light).
- the photoacid generator may be in the form of a low molecular weight compound or may be incorporated in a part of the polymer. Further, the form of the low molecular weight compound and the form incorporated in a part of the polymer may be used in combination.
- the photoacid generator is in the form of a low molecular weight compound
- the molecular weight is preferably 3000 or less, more preferably 2000 or less, still more preferably 1000 or less.
- the photoacid generator is in the form of being incorporated in a part of the polymer, it may be incorporated in a part of the resin (A) or may be incorporated in a resin different from the resin (A).
- the photoacid generator is preferably in the form of a low molecular weight compound.
- the photoacid generator is not particularly limited, and among them, a compound that generates an organic acid by irradiation with EUV light is preferable, and a photoacid generator having a fluorine atom or an iodine atom in the molecule is more preferable.
- the organic acid include sulfonic acid (aliphatic sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acid, camphor sulfonic acid, etc.), carboxylic acid (aliphatic carboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, aralkylcarboxylic acid, etc.), carbonyl. Examples thereof include sulfonylimide acid, bis (alkylsulfonyl) imide acid, and tris (alkylsulfonyl) methidoic acid.
- the strength of the acid generated by the photoacid generator (B) is not particularly limited, but for example, the pKa of the generated acid is preferably -12.000 to 1.00, preferably ⁇ 7.00 to 0. .50 is more preferable, and -5.00 to 0.00 is even more preferable.
- the volume of the acid generated from the photoacid generator is not particularly limited, and suppress the diffusion of the non-exposed portion of the acid generated by exposure, from the viewpoint of improving the resolution, 240 ⁇ 3 or more are preferred, 305 ⁇ 3 The above is more preferable, 350 ⁇ 3 or more is further preferable, and 400 ⁇ 3 or more is particularly preferable.
- the volume of the acid generated by the photoacid generator is preferably 1500 ⁇ 3 or less, 1000 ⁇ 3, more preferably less, 700 ⁇ 3 or less is more preferable.
- the above volume value is obtained using "WinMOPAC" manufactured by Fujitsu Limited.
- volume value In calculating the volume value, first, the chemical structure of the acid according to each example is input, and then each acid is calculated by molecular mechanics using the MM (Molecular Mechanics) 3 method with this structure as the initial structure. The most stable conformations of the above can be determined, and then the molecular orbital calculation using the PM (Parameterized Model number) 3 method can be performed on these most stable conformations to calculate the "accessible volume" of each acid.
- MM Molecular Mechanics
- the structure of the acid generated by the photoacid generator is not particularly limited, but it is between the acid generated by the photoacid generator and the resin (A) in terms of suppressing the diffusion of the acid and improving the resolution. It is preferable that the interaction is strong. From this point, when the acid generated by the photoacid generator is an organic acid, for example, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a carbonylsulfonylimide acid group, a bissulfonylimide acid group, a trissulfonylmethidoic acid group, etc. It is preferable to have a polar group in addition to the organic acid group of.
- Examples of the polar group include an ether group, an ester group, an amide group, an acyl group, a sulfo group, a sulfonyloxy group, a sulfonamide group, a thioether group, a thioester group, a urea group, a carbonate group, a carbamate group, a hydroxyl group, and a mercapto.
- the group is mentioned.
- the number of polar groups contained in the generated acid is not particularly limited, and is preferably 1 or more, and more preferably 2 or more. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing excessive development, the number of polar groups is preferably less than 6, and more preferably less than 4.
- the photoacid generator is preferably a photoacid generator that generates the acids exemplified below.
- the calculated value of the volume is added to a part of the example (unit: ⁇ 3 ).
- the photoacid generator is preferably a photoacid generator having anions and cations because the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the photoacid generator preferably has a fluorine atom in the cation portion.
- the photoacid generator preferably contains a compound represented by the general formula (PA-1).
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently, -SO 2 -R P, or represents -CO-R P.
- R P represents an organic group.
- R P present two in the general formula (PA-1) may be the same or different.
- R P is a group represented by the general formula (RF) is preferred.
- LRF represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- the divalent linking group include -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , and an alkylene group (linear or branched chain). It may be preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a cycloalkylene group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkaneylene group (linear or branched chain, preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and these.
- a divalent linking group obtained by combining a plurality of the above can be mentioned.
- the alkylene group (including an alkylene group that can be contained in a divalent linking group in which a plurality of them are combined) is a perfluoroalkylene group.
- the divalent linking group is preferably -alkylene group-COO- or -alkylene group-SO 2- .
- the alkylene group is preferably present on the N- side.
- R RF represents a cycloalkyl group or an alkyl group.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the cycloalkyl group preferably has 3 to 15 carbon atoms, and more preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a norbornyl group, a decalynyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- the substituent that the cycloalkyl group may have is preferably an alkyl group (linear or branched chain, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms). It is also preferable that the cycloalkyl group has no other substituent.
- One or more of the carbon atoms which are ring member atoms of the cycloalkyl group may be replaced with carbonyl carbon atoms and / or heteroatoms.
- the carbon atom (-CH ⁇ ) bonded to LRF in the cycloalkyl group may be replaced with the nitrogen atom (-N ⁇ ).
- R RF is an alkyl group
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the substituent that the alkyl group may have is preferably a cycloalkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a cyano group.
- the alkyl group does not have a substituent other than these.
- the cycloalkyl group as the substituent include, for example, the cycloalkyl group described in the case where R RF is a cycloalkyl group.
- the alkyl group may or may not be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the alkyl group has a fluorine atom as the substituent, it is also preferable that a part or all of the alkyl group is a perfluoromethyl group.
- M + represents a cation.
- the M + cation is preferably an organic cation.
- the organic cations are preferably cations represented by the general formula (ZaI) (cations (ZaI)) or cations represented by the general formula (ZaII) (cations (ZaII)) independently.
- R 201 , R 202 , and R 203 each independently represent an organic group.
- the carbon number of the organic group as R 201 , R 202 , and R 203 is usually 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20.
- two of R 201 to R 203 may be bonded to form a ring structure, and the ring may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group, or a carbonyl group.
- the two of the group formed by bonding of the R 201 ⁇ R 203 for example, an alkylene group (e.g., butylene, pentylene), and, -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 - Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the cation in the general formula (ZaI) include a cation (ZaI-1), a cation (ZaI-2), and a cation represented by the general formula (ZaI-3b) (cation (ZaI-3b)), which will be described later.
- a cation represented by the general formula (ZaI-4b) (cation (ZaI-4b)) can be mentioned.
- the cation (ZaI-1) is an aryl sulfonium cation in which at least one of R 201 to R 203 of the above general formula (ZaI) is an aryl group.
- the aryl sulfonium cation all of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group, or a part of R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group and the rest may be an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
- R 201 to R 203 may be an aryl group, and the remaining two of R 201 to R 203 may be bonded to form a ring structure, and an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and the like may be formed in the ring. It may contain an ester group, an amide group, or a carbonyl group.
- a group formed by bonding two of R 201 to R 203 for example, one or more methylene groups are substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group, and / or a carbonyl group.
- alkylene group e.g., butylene group, pentylene group, or -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -
- aryl sulfonium cation examples include a triaryl sulfonium cation, a diarylalkyl sulfonium cation, an aryl dialkyl sulfonium cation, a diarylcycloalkyl sulfonium cation, and an aryl dicycloalkyl sulfonium cation.
- the aryl group contained in the arylsulfonium cation is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group may be an aryl group having a heterocyclic structure having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or the like. Examples of the heterocyclic structure include pyrrole residues, furan residues, thiophene residues, indole residues, benzofuran residues, benzothiophene residues and the like.
- the aryl sulfonium cation has two or more aryl groups, the two or more aryl groups may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group or cycloalkyl group that the arylsulfonium cation has as needed is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms.
- a cycloalkyl group of 15 is preferable, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a t-butyl group, a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- the aryl group, alkyl group, and substituent that the cycloalkyl group may have of R 201 to R 203 are independently an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (for example, carbon number of carbon atoms). 3 to 15), aryl groups (for example, 6 to 14 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), cycloalkyl alkoxy groups (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, or phenylthio groups. preferable.
- the above-mentioned substituent may further have a substituent when possible. For example, even if the above-mentioned alkyl group has a halogen atom as a substituent and is an alkyl halide group such as a trifluoromethyl group. Good.
- the cation (ZaI-2) is a cation in which R 201 to R 203 in the formula (ZaI) independently represent an organic group having no aromatic ring.
- the aromatic ring also includes an aromatic ring containing a hetero atom.
- the organic group having no aromatic ring as R 201 to R 203 generally has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 201 to R 203 are each independently preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an allyl group, or a vinyl group, and are linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl groups, 2-oxocycloalkyl groups, or An alkoxycarbonylmethyl group is more preferred, and a linear or branched 2-oxoalkyl group is even more preferred.
- Examples of the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R 201 to R 203 include a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a branched chain alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group). Groups, butyl groups, and pentyl groups), and cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, cyclopentyl groups, cyclohexyl groups, and norbornyl groups) can be mentioned.
- R 201 to R 203 may be further substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group (for example, 1 to 5 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- the cation (ZaI-3b) is a cation represented by the following general formula (ZaI-3b).
- R 1c to R 5c independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, a cycloalkylcarbonyloxy group, a halogen atom, and a hydroxyl group.
- R 6c and R 7c independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (t-butyl group, etc.), a cycloalkyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or an aryl group.
- R x and R y independently represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a 2-oxoalkyl group, a 2-oxocycloalkyl group, an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an allyl group, or a vinyl group, respectively.
- R 1c to R 5c , R 5c and R 6c , R 6c and R 7c , R 5c and R x , and R x and R y may be combined to form a ring, respectively.
- This ring may independently contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a ketone group, an ester bond, or an amide bond.
- Examples of the ring include an aromatic or non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring, an aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle, and a polycyclic condensed ring formed by combining two or more of these rings.
- the ring includes a 3- to 10-membered ring, preferably a 4- to 8-membered ring, and more preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- Examples of the group formed by combining any two or more of R 1c to R 5c , R 6c and R 7c , and R x and R y include an alkylene group such as a butylene group and a pentylene group. ..
- the methylene group in the alkylene group may be substituted with a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom.
- the group formed by bonding R 5c and R 6c , and R 5c and R x is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group.
- Examples of the alkylene group include a methylene group and an ethylene group.
- the cation (ZaI-4b) is a cation represented by the following general formula (ZaI-4b).
- l represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- r represents an integer from 0 to 8.
- R 13 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or a group having a cycloalkyl group (the cycloalkyl group itself may be used, and a group containing a cycloalkyl group as a part). May be). These groups may have substituents.
- R 14 is a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a cycloalkylsulfonyl group, or a group having a cycloalkyl group (the cycloalkyl group itself may be a cycloalkyl group). It may be a group containing a group as a part). These groups may have substituents. When a plurality of R 14 are present, each independently represents the above group such as a hydroxyl group.
- R 15 independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a naphthyl group. These groups may have substituents.
- R 15 Bonded to two R 15 each other may form a ring.
- an oxygen atom or may contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen atom.
- two R 15 is an alkylene group, preferably bonded together to form a ring structure.
- the alkyl groups of R 13 , R 14 and R 15 are linear or branched chain.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group is more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-butyl group, a t-butyl group or the like.
- R 204 and R 205 each independently represent an aryl group, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 and R 205 is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, and more preferably a phenyl group.
- the aryl group of R 204 and R 205 may be an aryl group having a heterocycle having an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or the like.
- Examples of the skeleton of the aryl group having a heterocycle include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene.
- the alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups of R 204 and R 205 are linear alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or branched chain alkyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group).
- a group or a pentyl group) or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 204 and R 205 may each independently have a substituent.
- substituents that the aryl group, alkyl group, and cycloalkyl group of R 204 and R 205 may have include an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms) and a cycloalkyl group (for example, 3 carbon atoms). ⁇ 15), aryl groups (for example, 6 to 15 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenylthio groups and the like.
- the photoacid generator preferably contains a compound represented by the general formula (PB).
- PB general formula (PB)
- a resist film can be constant each occurrence ratio of the structure. Therefore, the present inventors presume that even when the resist film is exposed, the amount and diffusion of the acid generated in the resist film tends to be uniform, and the width of the pattern obtained after development is stable.
- M 1 + and M 2 + each independently represents an organic cation.
- M 1 + and M 2 + organic cation each independently, an organic cation listed in the description of the M + of the general formula (PA-1) can be used as well.
- L represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, an alkylene group (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched), and a cycloalkylene group (preferably. 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and a divalent linking group obtained by combining a plurality of these groups can be mentioned.
- One or more of the methylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring of the cycloalkylene group may be replaced with a carbonyl carbon and / or a hetero atom (oxygen atom or the like).
- These divalent linking groups also preferably have a group selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -SO-, and -SO 2-.
- L is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (L). * A-LA-LB-LC-LD-LE- * B (L)
- * A represents the connection position with A ⁇ in the general formula (PB).
- * B represents the connection position with B ⁇ in the general formula (PB).
- LA represents ⁇ (C (R LA1 ) (R LA2 )) XA ⁇ .
- the XA represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- R LA1 and R LA2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the substituents of R LA1 and R LA2 are independently preferably a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, more preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, and further preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoromethyl group.
- the R LA1s in which XA are present may be the same or different.
- the R LA2 having XA may be the same or different from each other.
- -(C (R LA1 ) (R LA2 ))- is preferably -CH 2- , -CHF-, -CH (CF 3 )-, or -CF 2- .
- the general formula (PB) in A - and a direct bond to - (C (R LA1) ( R LA2)) - is, -CH 2 -, - CHF - , - CH (CF 3) -, or - CF 2 -is preferable.
- Formula (PB) in A - and a direct bond to - (C (R LA1) ( R LA2)) - other than the - (C (R LA1) ( R LA2)) - are each independently, -CH 2 -, -CHF-, or -CF 2 --is preferable.
- LB represents a single bond, an ester group (-COO-), or a sulfonyl group (-SO 2- ).
- LC represents a single bond, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or a group composed of a combination thereof (such as "-alkylene group-cycloalkylene group-").
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 2, further preferably 1, and the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkylene group is preferably 3 to 15, more preferably 5 to 10.
- the cycloalkylene group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkylene group include a norbornanediyl group and an adamantandiyl group.
- the substituent that the cycloalkylene group may have is preferably an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
- One or more of the methylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring of the cycloalkylene group may be replaced with a carbonyl carbon and / or a hetero atom (oxygen atom or the like).
- the alkylene group portion is preferably present on the LB side.
- the LC is preferably a single bond or a cycloalkylene group.
- LD represents a single bond, an ether group (-O-), a carbonyl group (-CO-), or an ester group (-COO-).
- LE is a single bond or - (C (R LE1) ( R LE2))
- XE - represents a.
- XE- represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 3.
- R LE1 and R LE2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. When the number of XEs is 2 or more, the R LE1s having XEs may be the same or different from each other. When the number of XEs is 2 or more, the R LE2s having XEs may be the same or different from each other.
- -(C (R LE1 ) (R LE2 ))- is preferably -CH 2-.
- L when LB, LC, and LD are single bonds, it is preferable that LE is also a single bond.
- a ⁇ represents an acid anion group.
- An acid anion group is a group having an anion atom.
- a ⁇ is preferably a group represented by any of the general formulas (A-1) to (A-2).
- RA represents an organic group.
- RA is preferably an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the substituent that the alkyl group may have is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group having a fluorine atom as a substituent may or may not be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- B ⁇ represents an acid anion group.
- B ⁇ is preferably a group represented by any of the general formulas (B-1) to (B-4).
- B ⁇ is preferably a group represented by any of the general formulas (B-1) to (B-3), and a group represented by any of the general formulas (B-1) to (B-2) is preferable. More preferred.
- R B represents an organic group.
- R B is a cycloalkyl group or an alkyl group. If R B is a cycloalkyl group, the carbon number of the cycloalkyl group is preferably 3 to 15, and more preferably 5-10.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a norbornyl group and an adamantyl group.
- the substituent that the cycloalkyl group may have is preferably an alkyl group (linear or branched chain, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
- R B is an alkyl group
- the alkyl group may be either linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the substituent that the alkyl group may have is preferably a cycloalkyl group, a fluorine atom, or a cyano group. Examples of the cycloalkyl group as the substituent, R B is a cycloalkyl group as described in the case a cycloalkyl group as well.
- the alkyl group may or may not be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- the alkyl group has a fluorine atom as the substituent, it is also preferable that a part or all of the alkyl group is a perfluoromethyl group.
- the pKa of the group represented by HA is BH. It is lower than the pKa of the represented group. More specifically, HA-L-BH when obtained an acid dissociation constant for the compound represented by the "HA-L-BH” is - a pKa at which the "A -L-BH""HA and in the pKa of a group represented by "further” a - a pKa of the group represented by "BH a pKa at which the '" - -L-BH "is” a - -L-B.
- PKa of the group represented by HA” and “pKa of the group represented by BH” are obtained by using “Software Package 1” or “Gaussian 16”, respectively.
- the pKa of the group represented by HA is preferably -12.00 to 1.00, more preferably -7.00 to 0.50, and even more preferably -5.00 to 0.00.
- the pKa of the group represented by HB is preferably -4.00 to 14.00, more preferably -2.00 to 12.00, and even more preferably -1.00 to 5.00.
- the difference between the pKa of the group represented by HB and the pKa of the group represented by HA (“pKa of the group represented by HB”-“pKa of the group represented by HA”) is 0.10 to 20. It is preferably .00, more preferably 0.50 to 17.00, and even more preferably 2.00 to 15.00.
- the compound represented by the general formula (PB) is preferably an ionic compound (D) represented by the general formula (PD) described later.
- photoacid generators As the resist composition, other photoacid generators other than those described above may be used.
- Other photoacid generators for example, "M + Z - (M + represents a cation and Z - represents an anion)” include compounds represented by (onium salt).
- M + Z - in a compound represented by, M + represents a cation, include the same cations as the cation in formula (PA-1).
- Z - "M + Z" - represents an anion
- the ability of causing a nucleophilic reaction is extremely low anion preferred.
- the anion include sulfonic acid anions (aliphatic sulfonic acid anions such as fluoroalkyl sulfonic acid anions, aromatic sulfonic acid anions, camphor sulfonic acid anions, etc.) and carboxylic acid anions (aliphatic carboxylic acid anions, aromatics, etc.).
- the aliphatic moiety in the aliphatic sulfonic acid anion and the aliphatic carboxylic acid anion may be an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, and may be a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. , A cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the aromatic ring group in the aromatic sulfonic acid anion and the aromatic carboxylic acid anion is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the substituents that the alkyl group, cycloalkyl group, and aryl group mentioned above can have include halogen atoms such as nitro group and fluorine atom, carboxylic acid group, hydroxyl group, amino group, cyano group, and alkoxy group.
- cycloalkyl group (preferably 3 to 15 carbon atoms), aryl group (preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms), alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms), acyl group (Preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms), alkoxycarbonyloxy group (preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms), alkylthio group (preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms), alkylsulfonyl group (preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms), alkyl Iminosulfonyl group (preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms), aryloxysulfonyl group (preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms), alkylaryloxysulfonyl group (preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms), cycloalkylaryloxysulfonyl group (preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms). 10 to 20 carbon atoms), alkyloxyalkyloxy groups (preferably 5 to 20 carbon atoms), and cycloalkyl
- the aralkyl group in the aralkyl carboxylic acid anion is preferably an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a naphthylmethyl group, a naphthylethyl group, and a naphthylbutyl group.
- the alkyl group in the tris (alkylsulfonyl) methideanion is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- substituent of these alkyl groups include a halogen atom, an alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyloxysulfonyl group, an aryloxysulfonyl group, and a cycloalkylaryloxysulfonyl group.
- an alkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom is preferable.
- non-nucleophilic anions e.g., fluorinated phosphorus (e.g., PF 6 -), fluorinated boron (e.g., BF 4 -), and fluorinated antimony (e.g., SbF 6 -) and the like.
- fluorinated phosphorus e.g., PF 6 -
- fluorinated boron e.g., BF 4 -
- fluorinated antimony e.g., SbF 6 -
- the non-nucleophilic anion is an aliphatic sulfonic acid anion in which at least the ⁇ position of the sulfonic acid is substituted with a fluorine atom, an aromatic sulfonic acid anion in which a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom is substituted, or an alkyl group in which fluorine is used.
- Atomically substituted tris (alkylsulfonyl) methideanions are preferred.
- perfluoroaliphatic sulfonic acid anion preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms
- benzenesulfonic acid anion having a fluorine atom is more preferable
- nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid anion, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid anion, pentafluorobenzenesulfone acid anions or 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzenesulfonic acid anions are even more preferred.
- the pKa of the generated acid is -1 or less in order to improve the sensitivity.
- an anion represented by the following general formula (AN1) is also preferable.
- Xf independently represents a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with at least one fluorine atom.
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group, and when a plurality of them are present, R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different, respectively.
- L represents a divalent linking group, and when there are a plurality of L, L may be the same or different.
- A represents a cyclic organic group.
- x represents an integer of 1 to 20
- y represents an integer of 0 to 10
- z represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- the general formula (AN1) will be described in more detail.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group in the alkyl group substituted with the fluorine atom of Xf is preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 4.
- the alkyl group substituted with the fluorine atom of Xf is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group.
- Xf is preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Xf is, for example, a fluorine atom, CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , C 3 F 7 , C 4 F 9 , CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 C 2 F 5 , CH 2 CH 2 C.
- fluorine atom or CF. 3 is preferable.
- both Xfs are fluorine atoms.
- the alkyl groups of R 1 and R 2 may have a substituent (preferably a fluorine atom), and the number of carbon atoms in the substituent is preferably 1 to 4.
- the substituent is preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl groups having substituents for R 1 and R 2 include, for example, CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , C 3 F 7 , C 4 F 9 , C 5 F 11 , C 6 F 13 , C 7 F 15 , C.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably a fluorine atom or CF 3.
- x is preferably an integer of 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to 5.
- y is preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably 0.
- z is preferably an integer of 0 to 5, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3.
- the divalent linking group of L include -COO-, -CO- , -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2- , alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, alkaneylene group, and these.
- Examples thereof include a linking group in which a plurality of the above groups are linked, and a linking group having a total carbon number of 12 or less is preferable. Among them, -COO-, -CO-, or -O- is preferable, and -COO- is more preferable.
- the cyclic organic group of A is not particularly limited as long as it has a cyclic structure, and has an alicyclic group, an aromatic ring group, and a heterocyclic group (not only those having aromaticity but also aromaticity). (Including those that do not), etc.
- the alicyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, and a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group is preferable, and in addition, a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, and a tetracyclo Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a decanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group are preferable.
- a monocyclic cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cyclooctyl group is preferable, and in addition, a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, and a tetracyclo Polycyclic cycloalkyl groups such as a decanyl group,
- alicyclic groups having a bulky structure having 7 or more carbon atoms such as a norbornyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclodecanyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, and an adamantyl group, are used in the post-exposure heating step. It is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the diffusivity in the membrane and improving the MEEF (Mask Error Enhancement Factor).
- the aromatic ring group include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a phenanthrene ring, an anthracene ring and the like.
- heterocyclic group examples include groups derived from a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a benzofuran ring, a benzothiophene ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a dibenzothiophene ring, a pyridine ring and the like. Of these, a group derived from a furan ring, a thiophene ring, or a pyridine ring is preferable.
- examples of the cyclic organic group include a lactone structure, and specific examples thereof include lactone structures represented by the above-mentioned general formulas (LC1-1) to (LC1-22).
- the cyclic organic group may have a substituent.
- the substituent may be an alkyl group (linear or branched chain, and may contain a cyclic structure, preferably having 1 to 12 carbon atoms) or a cycloalkyl group (monocyclic or polycyclic). It may be a spiro ring when it is a polycycle. It preferably has 3 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group (preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms), a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group, and an amide.
- Examples thereof include a group, a urethane group, a ureido group, a thioether group, a sulfonamide group, and a sulfonic acid ester group.
- the carbon constituting the cyclic organic group may be a carbonyl carbon.
- the photoacid generator may be a betaine compound having a cation portion and an anion portion and having a structure in which both are covalently linked.
- Examples of the photoacid generator include paragraphs [0368] to [0377] of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-41328 and paragraphs [0240] to [0262] of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-228681 (corresponding US Patent Application Publication No. [0339]) of the specification of 2015/004533 can be incorporated, and these contents are incorporated in the specification of the present application.
- the following compound is mentioned as a preferable specific example. In the following compounds, anions and cations can be optionally exchanged, if possible.
- the content of the photoacid generator in the resist composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or more, preferably 9% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the composition, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. More preferably, 15% by mass or more is further preferable.
- the content is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the photoacid generator may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition is a compound (C) which is decomposed by irradiation with active light or radiation to reduce the acid trapping property as an acid diffusion control agent, has an anionic acid trapping group, and is a nonionic acid.
- ionic compound also referred to as an ionic compound (C), a photodegradable quencher, or a photodegradable quencher (C)
- C an ionic compound
- the ionic compound (C) acts as a quencher that traps the acid generated from the photoacid generator (B) or the like during exposure and suppresses the reaction of the resin (A) in the unexposed portion due to the excess generated acid. ..
- the ionic compound (C) is a compound that generates an acid that is relatively weak acid with respect to the acid generated from the photoacid generator (B). That is, the ionic compound (C) is a compound that generates an acid having a higher pKa than the acid generated from the photoacid generator (B). Difference between pKa of acid generated from ionic compound (C) and pKa of acid generated from photoacid generator (B) (from pKa of acid generated from ionic compound (C) to photoacid generator (B) The value obtained by subtracting the pKa of the acid generated from) is preferably 1.00 or more, preferably 1.00 to 10.00, more preferably 1.00 to 5.00, and 1.00 to 3.00. More preferred.
- the pKa of the acid generated from the ionic compound (C) varies depending on the type of the photoacid generator (B) used, but is preferably -4.00 to 14.00, for example, -2.00 to 14.00. 12.00 is more preferable, and ⁇ 1.00 to 5.00 is even more preferable.
- the ionic compound (C) contains a fluorine atom in the anion portion. This makes it possible to weaken the interaction between the acid diffusion control agents and suppress aggregation. Further, the acid trapping group contained in the ionic compound (C) is anionic and does not have a nonionic acid trapping group that enhances aggregation like an amino group. This makes it possible to further suppress aggregation.
- Examples of the ionic compound (C) include the compounds listed as the photoacid generator (B) (preferably the compounds represented by the general formula (PA-1), the compounds represented by the general formula (PB), and the like. M + Z - among the onium salts) represented, without a non-ionic acid scavenging base, and a compound containing a fluorine atom in the anion portion, the photoacid generator (B) used It can be selected and used so as to be a compound that generates an acid that is relatively weak with respect to the generated acid.
- the photoacid generator (B) preferably the compounds represented by the general formula (PA-1), the compounds represented by the general formula (PB), and the like.
- M + Z - among the onium salts represented, without a non-ionic acid scavenging base, and a compound containing a fluorine atom in the anion portion
- the photoacid generator (B) used It can be selected and used so as to be a compound that generates an acid that is relatively weak
- the ionic compound (C) is essential to contain a fluorine atom in the anion portion, but it is also preferable to further contain a fluorine atom in the cation portion.
- the ionic compound (C) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formulas (C1) to (C3).
- RC1 represents a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- R C1, and L C1 is substituted by a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- RC1 represents a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- RC1 represents a cycloalkyl group
- the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable, and the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a norbornyl group, a decalynyl group, and an adamantyl group, and an adamantyl group is preferable.
- RC1 represents an aryl group
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the substituent when RC1 has a substituent include a fluorine atom, a group having a fluorine atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom other than the fluorine atom, and the like.
- a fluorine atom a fluorine-substituted alkyl group or a fluorine-substituted cycloalkyl group is preferable.
- As the fluorine-substituted alkyl group an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable.
- a trifluoromethyl group examples thereof include a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a nonafluorobutyl group and the like, and a trifluoromethyl group is preferable.
- a fluorocycloalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Specific examples thereof include a cyclohexyl fluoride group, a cyclopentyl fluoride group, an adamantyl fluoride group, and the like, and a cyclohexyl fluoride group is preferable.
- the alkyl group examples include a chain-like or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the halogen atom other than the fluorine atom examples include a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- RC1 is preferably a polycyclic cycloalkyl group or an aryl group substituted with a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the alkylene group in which LC1 represents an alkylene group include a chain-shaped or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, an i-propylene group, an n-butylene group, an n-pentylene group and the like.
- An ethylene group, an n-propylene group, or an n-butylene group is preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkylene group in which LC1 represents a cycloalkylene group include a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a cycloheptylene group, a norbonylene group, and the like, and an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and a norbonylene group. Groups are preferred.
- Examples of the substituent when LC1 has a substituent include the substituent when RC1 has a substituent.
- the LC1 is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group, and more preferably a single bond or an n-butylene group.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- M C + is preferably a cation represented by the following general formula (Zci) or the general formula (ZcII).
- RC01 , RC02 , and RC03 each independently represent an organic group.
- R C04, and R C05 are each independently represents an aryl group, an alkyl group, or a cycloalkyl group.
- RC01 , RC02 , and RC03 each independently represent an organic group.
- R C01, carbon number of the organic group as R C02, and R C03 is usually 1-30, 1-20 preferable. It is also possible to form the two members ring structure of R C01 ⁇ R C03, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ester group, an amide group, or may contain a carbonyl group.
- the two of the group formed by bonding of the R C01 ⁇ R C03 for example, an alkylene group (e.g., butylene, pentylene), and, -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 - Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the cation in the general formula (ZcI) include the cation (ZaI-1) and the cation (ZaI-2) in the photoacid generator (B) described above, and the cation (cation) represented by the general formula (ZaI-3b). (ZaI-3b)) and a cation represented by the general formula (ZaI-4b) (cation (ZaI-4b)).
- R C04, and R C05 are each independently, an aryl group, an alkyl group, or represents a cycloalkyl group.
- Aryl group R C04, and R C05 are phenyl group, or a naphthyl group are preferred, the phenyl group is more preferable.
- Aryl group R C04, and R C05 represents an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or may be an aryl group having a hetero ring having a sulfur atom and the like. Examples of the skeleton of the aryl group having a heterocycle include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, benzofuran, and benzothiophene.
- R C04, and the alkyl group and cycloalkyl group of R C05 represents a linear alkyl group or branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, A butyl group or a pentyl group) or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms (for example, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, or a norbornyl group) is preferable.
- a linear alkyl group or branched alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms e.g., 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, A butyl group or a pentyl group
- a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms for example, a cyclopentyl
- Aryl group, alkyl group of R C04, and R C05 and cycloalkyl groups are each independently, it may have a substituent.
- R C04, and aryl group, alkyl group of R C05 and, as the substituent which may have a cycloalkyl group for example, an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), a cycloalkyl group (e.g., carbon atoms 3 to 15), aryl groups (for example, 6 to 15 carbon atoms), alkoxy groups (for example, 1 to 15 carbon atoms), halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenylthio groups and the like.
- RC2 represents a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- R C2 and L C2 is substituted by a fluorine atom or a fluorine atom.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- RC2 represents a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group.
- RC2 represents a cycloalkyl group
- the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable, and the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a norbornyl group, a decalynyl group, and an adamantyl group, and an adamantyl group is preferable.
- RC2 represents an aryl group
- the aryl group preferably has 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferable.
- R C1 in the general formula (C1) can be mentioned substituents when having a substituent.
- RC2 is preferably a polycyclic cycloalkyl group, a polycyclic cycloalkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom, or an aryl group substituted with a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom, preferably adamantyl. More preferably, it is a phenyl group substituted with a group or a fluorine atom or a group having a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the alkylene group in which LC2 represents an alkylene group include a chain-shaped or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, an i-propylene group, an n-butylene group, an n-pentylene group and the like.
- An ethylene group, an n-propylene group, or an n-butylene group is preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkylene group in which LC2 represents a cycloalkylene group include a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a cycloheptylene group, a norbonylene group, and the like, and an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and a norbonylene group. Groups are preferred.
- Examples of the substituent when LC2 has a substituent include the substituent when RC2 has a substituent.
- the LC2 is preferably a single bond.
- R C2 represents a cycloalkyl group
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- M C + is preferably a cation represented by the general formula (Zci) or the general formula (ZcII).
- a C31, and A C32 each independently represents a -SO 2 -R PC1 or -CO-R PC2,.
- R PC1 and R PC2 represent an organic group.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- a C31 and A C32 each independently represents a -SO 2 -R PC1 or -CO-R PC2,.
- R PC1 and R PC2 represent an organic group.
- R PC1, and R PC2, respectively, -L C31 -R C31, and is preferably represented by -L C32 -R C32.
- RC31 and RC32 independently represent an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group, respectively.
- RC31 or RC32 represents an alkyl group
- a chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group and the like, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- RC31 or RC32 represents a cycloalkyl group
- the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable, and the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclohexyl group, a norbornyl group, a decalynyl group, and an adamantyl group, and a cyclohexyl group or an adamantyl group is preferable.
- One or more of the carbon atoms which are ring-membered atoms of the cycloalkyl group may be replaced with carbonyl carbon atoms.
- R C31 or the R C32 has a substituent
- R C1 in the general formula (C1) can be mentioned substituents when having a substituent.
- R C31, and R C32 are each independently an alkyl group, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group substituted with a group having a fluorine atom, or is preferably a cycloalkyl group, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a cyclohexyl group , Or an adamantyl group is more preferable.
- LC31 and LC32 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- examples of the alkylene group include a chain-like or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- examples of the chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, an i-propylene group, an n-butylene group, an n-pentylene group and the like.
- An ethylene group, an n-propylene group, or an n-butylene group is preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkylene group when LC31 or LC32 represent a cycloalkylene group include a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a cycloheptylene group, a norbonylene group, and the like, and an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and a norbonylene group. Groups are preferred.
- L C31, and L C32 is independently a single bond, is preferably an alkylene group, or a fluorine-substituted alkylene group.
- M C + represents an organic cation.
- M C + is preferably a cation represented by the general formula (Zci) or the general formula (ZcII).
- the ionic compound (C) is also preferably represented by the general formula (PD) described later.
- the content of the ionic compound (C) in the resist composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or more, preferably 9% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the above is more preferable, and 15% by mass or more is further preferable.
- the content is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the ionic compound (C) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ⁇ A compound that generates acid by irradiation with active light or radiation and decomposes by irradiation with active light or radiation to reduce acid capture has an anionic acid capture group, and has nonionic acid capture.
- the photoacid generator (B) and the ionic compound (C) may be the same compound.
- the compound in this case is a compound that generates an acid by irradiation with active light or radiation and decomposes by irradiation with active light or radiation to reduce acid capture, and has an anionic acid capture group and is not.
- An ionic compound (D) that does not have an ionic acid trapping group and contains a fluorine atom in the anion portion (ionic compound (D), photoacid generator-linked quencher, or photoacid generator. It is also called a connected quencher (D)).
- the ionic compound (D) is a compound having a structure having a function corresponding to the photoacid generator (B) and a structure having a function corresponding to the ionic compound (C).
- the ionic compound (C) is a compound that generates an acid that is relatively weak acid with respect to the acid generated from the photoacid generator (B). That is, the ionic compound (C) is a compound that generates an acid having a higher pKa than the acid generated from the photoacid generator (B).
- the structure has a function corresponding to the ionic compound (C) in the ionic compound (D). It is assumed that the pKa of the acid generated from is larger than the pKa of the acid generated from the structure having a function corresponding to the photoacid generator (B).
- the ionic compound (D) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (PD).
- MD1 + and MD2 + each independently represent an organic cation.
- L D represents a divalent organic group.
- a D1 -, and B D1 - each independently represents an acid anion group.
- the pKa of the group is lower than the pKa of the group represented by BD1 H.
- Compound represented by the general formula (PD) is a photoacid generator structure that has a function corresponding to (B) - and ( "M D1 + A D1 -" portion corresponding to) the ionic compound (C) structure having a function equivalent - to include both the ( “-B D1 M D2 +” portion corresponding to) in the molecule, a resist film can be constant each occurrence ratio of the structure. Therefore, the present inventors presume that even when the resist film is exposed, the amount and diffusion of the acid generated in the resist film tends to be uniform, and the width of the pattern obtained after development is stable.
- MD1 + and MD2 + each independently represent an organic cation.
- M D1 + and M D2 + organic cation each independently, is preferably a cation represented by the general formula (Zci) or the general formula (ZcII).
- L D represents a divalent organic group.
- the divalent organic group include -COO-, -CONH-, -CO-, an alkylene group (preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched), and a cycloalkylene group (preferably. 3 to 15 carbon atoms), an alkenylene group (preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms), and a divalent linking group obtained by combining a plurality of these groups can be mentioned.
- One or more of the methylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring of the cycloalkylene group may be replaced with a carbonyl carbon and / or an oxygen atom.
- These divalent linking groups also preferably have a group selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -SO-, and -SO 2-.
- L D is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (LD). * A D- L D A-L D B-L D C-L D D D D E- * BD (LD)
- L D A is, - (C (R D LA1 ) (R D LA2))
- XA D - represents a.
- the XA D represents an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, 1 to 3 more preferred.
- RD LA1 and RD LA2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the substituents of RD LA1 and RD LA2 are independently preferably a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, more preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group, and further preferably a fluorine atom or a perfluoromethyl group.
- R D LA1 to XA D number may each be the same or different. If XA D is 2 or more, R D LA2 to XA D number exists, may each be the same or different.
- -(C ( RD LA1 ) ( RD LA2 ))- is preferably -CH 2- , -CHF-, -CH (CF 3 )-, or -CF 2- .
- the general formula A D1 in (PD) - and a direct bond to - (C (R D LA1) (R D LA2)) - is, -CH 2 -, - CHF - , - CH (CF 3) -, Alternatively, -CF 2 -is preferable.
- Formula (PD) in the A D1 - directly bonded to - (C (R D LA1) (R D LA2)) - other than the - (C (R D LA1) (R D LA2)) - are each independently
- -CH 2- , -CHF-, or -CF 2 -- is preferable.
- L D B represents a single bond, ester (-COO-), or a sulfonyl group - represents a (-SO 2).
- L D C represents a single bond, an alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, or, formed by combining these groups represents a (such as "- alkylene - - cycloalkylene group").
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched.
- the carbon number of the alkylene group is preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 2, further preferably 1, and the number of carbon atoms of the cycloalkylene group is preferably 3 to 15, more preferably 5 to 10.
- the cycloalkylene group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkylene group include a norbornanediyl group and an adamantandiyl group.
- the substituent that the cycloalkylene group may have is preferably an alkyl group (which may be linear or branched, preferably having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
- One or more of the methylene groups constituting the cycloalkane ring of the cycloalkylene group may be replaced with a carbonyl carbon and / or a hetero atom (oxygen atom or the like).
- L D C is, "- alkylene - cycloalkylene group -"
- For the alkylene moiety is preferably present in L D B side. If L D B is a single bond, L D C represents a single bond or a cycloalkylene group.
- L D D represents a single bond, represents a an ether group (-O-), a carbonyl group (-CO-), or an ester group (-COO-).
- L D E represents a single bond or - (C (R D LE1) (R D LE2)) XE D - represents a. It said - (C (R D LE1) (R D LE2)) XE D - XE D in is an integer of 1 or more, preferably 1 to 10, 1 to 3 more preferred.
- RD LE1 and RD LE2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. If XE D is 2 or more, R D LE1 to XE D number exists, may each be the same or different. If XE D is 2 or more, R D LE2 to XE D number exists, may each be the same or different.
- -(C ( RD LE1 ) ( RD LE2 ))- is preferably -CH 2-.
- a D1 - represents an acid anion group.
- An acid anion group is a group having an anion atom.
- a D1 - is specifically the general formula (AD-1) ⁇ is preferably a group represented by any one of (AD-2).
- RAD represents an organic group.
- the RAD is preferably an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the substituent that the alkyl group may have is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group having a fluorine atom as a substituent may or may not be a perfluoroalkyl group.
- B D1 - represents a group represented by any one of formulas (BD-1) ⁇ (BD -4).
- B D1 - the general formula (BD-1) ⁇ (BD -3) group is preferably represented by any one of the general formulas (BD-1) ⁇ (BD -2) a group represented by any one of Is more preferable.
- Each R BD independently represents an organic group.
- the RBD is preferably an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group.
- RBD represents an alkyl group, a chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group and the like, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.
- RBD represents a cycloalkyl group
- the cycloalkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable, and the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- the cycloalkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopentyl group, a norbornyl group, a decalynyl group, and an adamantyl group.
- the aryl group preferably has an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group, and a phenyl group is preferable.
- R C1 in the general formula (C1) can be mentioned substituents when having a substituent.
- Examples of the alkylene group in which LBD represents an alkylene group include a chain-shaped or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the chain or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, an i-propylene group, an n-butylene group, an n-pentylene group and the like.
- An ethylene group, an n-propylene group, or an n-butylene group is preferable.
- Examples of the cycloalkylene group when LBD represents a cycloalkylene group include a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a cyclopentylene group, a cycloheptylene group, a norbonylene group, and the like, and an adamantylene group, a cyclohexylene group, and a norbonylene group. Groups are preferred.
- Examples of the substituent when the L BD has a substituent include a substituent when the R BD has a substituent.
- HA D1 -L D -B D1 in the case of seeking the acid dissociation constant for the compound represented by H, "HA D1 -L D -B D1 H” is "A D1 - -L D - the pKa at which the B D1 H “as” pKa of the group represented by HA D1 ", further," a D1 - -L D -B D1 H "is” a D1 - -L D -B D1 - " Let pKa at the time of becoming "pKa of the group represented by BD1 H".
- PKa of the group represented by B D1 H and "pKa of the group represented by HA D1", respectively, as described above, determined using "Software Package 1" or "Gaussian16".
- the pKa of the group represented by HA D1 is preferably -12.00 to 1.00, more preferably -7.00 to 0.50, and even more preferably -5.00 to 0.00.
- PKa of the group represented by B D1 H is preferably -4.00 ⁇ 14.00, and more preferably from -2.00 ⁇ 12.00, more preferably -1.00 to 5.00.
- the difference between the pKa of the groups represented by pKa and HA D1 of the groups represented by B D1 H is , 0.10 to 20.00, more preferably 0.50 to 17.00, and even more preferably 2.00 to 15.00.
- the content of the ionic compound (D) in the resist composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% by mass or more, preferably 9% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition, in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the above is more preferable, and 15% by mass or more is further preferable.
- the content is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 35% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the ionic compound (D) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition of the present invention preferably contains at least one of a photoacid generator (B) and an ionic compound (C) in addition to the ionic compound (D).
- a photoacid generator (B) and an ionic compound (C) in addition to the ionic compound (D).
- Specific examples of the content form of the compound corresponding to the photoacid generator (B) or the ionic compound (C) in the resist composition of the present invention include the following aspects.
- the ionic compound (D) needs to function as the ionic compound (C), and in this case, from the structure having a function corresponding to the ionic compound (C) in the ionic compound (D).
- the pKa of the generated acid is larger than the pKa of the acid generated from the photoacid generator (B).
- the ionic compound (D) needs to function as a photoacid generator (B), and in this case, the pKa of the acid generated from the ionic compound (C) is the ionic compound (D). It is larger than the pKa of the acid generated from the structure having the function corresponding to the photoacid generator (B) in the above.
- the ionic compound (D) may function as a photoacid generator (B) or as an ionic compound (C).
- the pKa of the acid generated from the ionic compound (C) has a structure corresponding to the photoacid generator (B) in the ionic compound (D). It is larger than the pKa of the generated acid.
- the pKa of the acid generated from the structure having the function corresponding to the ionic compound (C) in the ionic compound (D) is generated from the photoacid generator (B). It is larger than the pKa of the acid.
- the resist composition contains acid diffusion control agents (other acid diffusion control agents (E), acid diffusion control agents) other than the ionic compound (C) and the ionic compound (D) as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. E)) may be further included.
- the acid diffusion control agent acts as a quencher for trapping the acid generated from the photoacid generator, and plays a role of controlling the acid diffusion phenomenon in the resist film.
- the acid diffusion control agent (E) may be, for example, a basic compound.
- the basic compound is preferably a compound having a structure represented by the following general formulas (A) to (E).
- R 200 , R 201 and R 202 may be the same or different, and may be the same or different, and may be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms), or a cycloalkyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms). Represents an aryl group (preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms), and R 201 and R 202 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the alkyl group having a substituent is preferably an aminoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyanoalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 203 , R 204 , R 205 and R 206 may be the same or different and represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is more preferable that the alkyl groups in the general formula (A) and the general formula (E) are unsubstituted.
- guanidine aminopyrrolidin, pyrazole, pyrazoline, piperazine, aminomorpholine, aminoalkylmorpholin (alkyl group portion may be linear or branched chain, partly replaced with ether group and / or ester group.
- the total number of all atoms other than the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group portion is preferably 1 to 17), or piperidine or the like is preferred.
- a compound having an imidazole structure, a diazabicyclo structure, an onium hydroxide structure, an onium carboxylate structure, a trialkylamine structure, an aniline structure, or a pyridine structure, an alkylamine derivative having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond, or a hydroxyl group and / Or an aniline derivative having an ether bond or the like is more preferable.
- Examples of the compound having an imidazole structure include imidazole, 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole, and benzimidazole.
- Compounds having a diazabicyclo structure include, for example, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,0] nona-5-ene, and 1,8-diazabicyclo [ 5,4,0] Undeca-7-en and the like.
- Examples of the compound having an onium hydroxide structure include triarylsulfonium hydroxide, phenacylsulfonium hydroxide, and sulfonium hydroxide having a 2-oxoalkyl group.
- triphenylsulfonium hydroxide tris (t-butylphenyl) sulfonium hydroxide, bis (t-butylphenyl) iodonium hydroxide, phenacylthiophenium hydroxide, and 2-oxopropylthiophenium hydroxydo.
- Examples of the compound having an onium carboxylate structure include those in which the anion portion of the compound having an onium hydroxide structure is carboxylated, and examples thereof include acetate, adamantane-1-carboxylate, and perfluoroalkyl carboxylate. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the compound having a trialkylamine structure include tri (n-butyl) amine and tri (n-octyl) amine.
- Examples of the aniline compound include 2,6-diisopropylaniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, N, N-dibutylaniline, N, N-dihexylaniline and the like.
- Examples of alkylamine derivatives having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond include ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tris (methoxyethoxyethyl) amine, and (HO-C 2 H 4- OC 2 H 4 ). 2N (-C 3 H 6 -O-CH 3 ) and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the aniline derivative having a hydroxyl group and / or an ether bond include N, N-bis (hydroxyethyl) aniline and the like.
- Preferred examples of the basic compound include an amine compound having a phenoxy group and an ammonium salt compound having a phenoxy group.
- amine compound for example, primary, secondary, and tertiary amine compounds can be used, and an amine compound in which at least one alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom is preferable.
- the amine compound is more preferably a tertiary amine compound.
- the amine compound has a cycloalkyl group (preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms) in addition to the alkyl group as long as at least one alkyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms) is bonded to the nitrogen atom.
- the amine compound preferably has an oxyalkylene group.
- the number of oxyalkylene groups is preferably 1 or more in the molecule, more preferably 3 to 9, and even more preferably 4 to 6.
- an oxyethylene group (-CH 2 CH 2 O-) or an oxypropylene group (-CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O- or CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-) is preferable, and an oxyethylene group. Is more preferable.
- ammonium salt compound examples include primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary ammonium salt compounds, and an ammonium salt compound in which at least one alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom is preferable.
- the ammonium salt compound has a cycloalkyl group (preferably 3 to 20 carbon atoms) or an aryl group in addition to the alkyl group as long as at least one alkyl group (preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms) is bonded to the nitrogen atom. (Preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms) may be bonded to the nitrogen atom.
- the ammonium salt compound preferably has an oxyalkylene group.
- the number of oxyalkylene groups is preferably 1 or more in the molecule, more preferably 3 to 9, and even more preferably 4 to 6.
- an oxyethylene group (-CH 2 CH 2 O-) or an oxypropylene group (-CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O- or -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-) is preferable.
- Oxyethylene groups are more preferred.
- the anion of the ammonium salt compound include a halogen atom, a sulfonate, a borate, and a phosphate, and among them, a halogen atom or a sulfonate is preferable.
- the halogen atom is preferably a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.
- the sulfonate is preferably an organic sulfonate having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the organic sulfonate include an alkyl sulfonate having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an aryl sulfonate.
- the alkyl group of the alkyl sulfonate may have a substituent, and examples of the substituent include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, and an aromatic ring group.
- alkyl sulphonate examples include methane sulphonate, ethane sulphonate, butane sulphonate, hexane sulphonate, octane sulphonate, benzyl sulphonate, trifluoromethane sulphonate, pentafluoroethane sulphonate, and nonafluorobutane sulphonate.
- aryl group of the aryl sulfonate examples include a benzene ring group, a naphthalene ring group, and an anthracene ring group.
- the substituents that the benzene ring group, the naphthalene ring group, and the anthracene ring group can have are a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. preferable.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkyl group and cycloalkyl group include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group and t-butyl group. Examples thereof include an n-hexyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- substituents include an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group and the like.
- the amine compound having a phenoxy group and the ammonium salt compound having a phenoxy group are those having a phenoxy group at the terminal opposite to the nitrogen atom of the alkyl group of the amine compound or the ammonium salt compound.
- the substituent of the phenoxy group include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a sulfonic acid ester group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an acyloxy group, and the like. Examples thereof include an aryloxy group.
- the substituent of the substituent may be any of 2 to 6 positions.
- the number of substituents may be any of 1 to 5.
- oxyalkylene group between the phenoxy group and the nitrogen atom.
- the number of oxyalkylene groups is preferably 1 or more in the molecule, more preferably 3 to 9, and even more preferably 4 to 6.
- an oxyethylene group (-CH 2 CH 2 O-) or an oxypropylene group (-CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O- or -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O-) is preferable, and oxyethylene. Groups are more preferred.
- the amine compound having a phenoxy group is prepared by heating a primary or secondary amine having a phenoxy group and a haloalkyl ether to react, and then adding a strong base (for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and tetraalkylammonium) to the reaction system. Etc.) is added, and the reaction product is further extracted with an organic solvent (for example, ethyl acetate, chloroform, etc.). Alternatively, it is obtained by heating and reacting a primary or secondary amine with a haloalkyl ether having a phenoxy group at the terminal, adding an aqueous solution of a strong base to the reaction system, and further extracting the reaction product with an organic solvent. ..
- a strong base for example, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and tetraalkylammonium
- the resist composition has a proton-accepting functional group as an acid diffusion control agent, and is decomposed by irradiation with active light or radiation to reduce or eliminate the proton-accepting property, or to change from the proton-accepting property to acidic.
- a compound that generates a changed compound and does not correspond to the above-mentioned ionic compound (C) and ionic compound (D) (hereinafter, also referred to as compound (PA)) may be contained.
- the proton-accepting functional group is a group capable of electrostatically interacting with a proton or a functional group having an electron, for example, a functional group having a macrocyclic structure such as a cyclic polyether, or a functional group having a macrocyclic structure. It means a functional group having a nitrogen atom with an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ -conjugation.
- the nitrogen atom having an unshared electron pair that does not contribute to ⁇ conjugation is, for example, a nitrogen atom having a partial structure shown in the following general formula.
- Preferred partial structures of the proton acceptor functional group include, for example, a crown ether structure, an aza crown ether structure, a primary to tertiary amine structure, a pyridine structure, an imidazole structure, a pyrazine structure and the like.
- the compound (PA) is decomposed by irradiation with active light or radiation to reduce or eliminate the proton acceptor property, or generate a compound in which the proton acceptor property is changed to acidic.
- the decrease or disappearance of the proton acceptor property or the change from the proton acceptor property to the acidity is a change in the proton acceptor property due to the addition of a proton to the proton acceptor property functional group.
- a low molecular weight compound having a nitrogen atom and a group desorbed by the action of an acid can also be used as an acid diffusion control agent.
- the low molecular weight compound is preferably an amine derivative having a group eliminated by the action of an acid on a nitrogen atom.
- the group eliminated by the action of the acid is preferably an acetal group, a carbonate group, a carbamate group, a tertiary ester group, a tertiary hydroxyl group, or a hemiaminol ether group, and a carbamate group or a hemiaminol ether group is more preferable. preferable.
- the molecular weight of the low molecular weight compound is preferably 100 to 1000, more preferably 100 to 700, and even more preferably 100 to 500.
- the low molecular weight compound may have a carbamate group having a protecting group on the nitrogen atom.
- the content of the acid diffusion control agent (E) is preferably 0.001 to 20.0% by mass with respect to the total solid content of the resist composition. It is more preferably 0.01 to 5.0% by mass, and further preferably not containing the acid diffusion control agent (E).
- the acid diffusion control agent (E) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the acid diffusion control agent (E) include the compounds (amine compounds, amide group-containing compounds, urea compounds, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles) described in paragraphs [0140] to [0144] of JP2013-11833A. Compounds, etc.) can also be mentioned.
- the resist composition may contain a hydrophobic resin different from the resin (A) in addition to the resin (A).
- Hydrophobic resins are preferably designed to be unevenly distributed on the surface of the resist film, but unlike surfactants, they do not necessarily have to have hydrophilic groups in the molecule and are a uniform mixture of polar and non-polar substances. It does not have to contribute to.
- the effects of adding the hydrophobic resin include controlling the static and dynamic contact angles of the resist film surface with respect to water, and suppressing outgas.
- Hydrophobic resin from the viewpoint of uneven distribution in the film surface layer, "fluorine atom”, “silicon atom”, and has any one or more "CH 3 partial structure contained in the side chain portion of the resin” It is preferable to have two or more kinds. Further, the hydrophobic resin preferably has a hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms. These groups may be contained in the main chain of the resin or may be substituted in the side chain.
- the fluorine atoms and / or silicon atoms in the hydrophobic resin may be contained in the main chain of the resin and may be contained in the side chains. You may.
- the partial structure having a fluorine atom is preferably an alkyl group having a fluorine atom, a cycloalkyl group having a fluorine atom, or an aryl group having a fluorine atom.
- the alkyl group having a fluorine atom (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms) is a linear or branched alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom. Further, it may have a substituent other than a fluorine atom.
- the cycloalkyl group having a fluorine atom is a monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom, and may further have a substituent other than the fluorine atom.
- the aryl group having a fluorine atom include those in which at least one hydrogen atom of an aryl group such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom, and further have a substituent other than the fluorine atom. May be.
- Examples of the repeating unit having a fluorine atom or a silicon atom include the repeating unit exemplified in paragraph [0519] of US2012 / 0251948A1.
- the hydrophobic resin may preferably contain a CH 3 partial structure side chain moiety.
- CH 3 partial structure contained in the side chain portion in the hydrophobic resin an ethyl group, and is intended to include CH 3 partial structure a propyl group has.
- the methyl group directly bonded to the main chain of the hydrophobic resin (for example, the ⁇ -methyl group of the repeating unit having a methacrylic acid structure) contributes to the uneven distribution of the surface of the hydrophobic resin due to the influence of the main chain. small Therefore, not included in the CH 3 partial structures in the present invention.
- the resins described in JP2011-24801A, JP2010-175859, and JP2012-032544 can also be preferably used.
- the content of the hydrophobic resin is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 15% by mass, based on the total solid content of the resist composition. ..
- the resist composition may contain a solvent.
- Solvents consist of (M1) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether carboxylate, and (M2) propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, lactic acid ester, acetate ester, alkoxypropionic acid ester, chain ketone, cyclic ketone, lactone, and alkylene carbonate. It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group.
- the solvent may further contain components other than the components (M1) and (M2).
- the present inventors have found that when such a solvent and the above-mentioned resin are used in combination, the coatability of the composition is improved and a pattern having a small number of development defects can be formed. Although the reason is not always clear, these solvents have a good balance of solubility, boiling point and viscosity of the above-mentioned resin, so that uneven film thickness of the composition film and generation of precipitates in spin coating can be suppressed. The present inventors believe that this is due to.
- the component (M1) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA: propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate), propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, preferably propylene glycol.
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- PGMEA Monomethyl ether acetate
- the component (M2) is preferably the following solvent.
- propylene glycol monoalkyl ether propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) and propylene glycol monoethyl ether (PGEE) are preferable.
- the lactate ester is preferably ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, or propyl lactate.
- the acetic acid ester is preferably methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, propyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, butyl formate, propyl formate, or 3-methoxybutyl acetate.
- alkoxypropionate ester is preferably methyl 3-methoxypropionate (MMP) or ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (EEP).
- Chain ketones are 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, acetone, 2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, 1-hexanone, 2-hexanone, diisobutyl ketone, phenylacetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone.
- Acetoneacetone, acetonylacetone, ionone, diacetonyl alcohol, acetylcarbinol, acetophenone, methylnaphthyl ketone, or methyl amyl ketone is preferred.
- the cyclic ketone is preferably methylcyclohexanone, isophorone, cyclopentanone, or cyclohexanone.
- the lactone is preferably ⁇ -butyrolactone.
- the alkylene carbonate is preferably propylene carbonate.
- the component (M2) is more preferably propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), ethyl lactate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl amyl ketone, cyclohexanone, butyl acetate, pentyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, or propylene carbonate.
- PGME propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- ethyl lactate ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate
- methyl amyl ketone cyclohexanone
- butyl acetate pentyl acetate
- ⁇ -butyrolactone propylene carbonate
- an ester solvent having 7 or more carbon atoms (preferably 7 to 14, more preferably 7 to 12 and even more preferably 7 to 10) and having a heteroatom number of 2 or less.
- ester solvent having 7 or more carbon atoms and 2 or less heteroatomic atoms examples include amyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 1-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, pentyl propionate, hexyl propionate, butyl propionate, and iso.
- Examples thereof include isobutyl butyrate, heptyl propionate, butyl butanoate and the like, and isoamyl acetate is preferable.
- the component (M2) is preferably a solvent having a flash point (hereinafter, also referred to as fp) of 37 ° C. or higher.
- Such components (M2) include propylene glycol monomethyl ether (fp: 47 ° C.), ethyl lactate (fp: 53 ° C.), ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate (fp: 49 ° C.), and methylamyl ketone (fp: 42 ° C.).
- Cyclohexanone (fp: 44 ° C), pentyl acetate (fp: 45 ° C), methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (fp: 45 ° C), ⁇ -butyrolactone (fp: 101 ° C), or propylene carbonate (fp: 132 ° C).
- °C is preferable.
- propylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethyl lactate, pentyl acetate, or cyclohexanone is more preferable, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether or ethyl lactate is even more preferable.
- the "flash point” means a value described in the reagent catalog of Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. or Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd.
- the solvent preferably contains the component (M1). It is more preferable that the solvent is substantially composed of only the component (M1) or is a mixed solvent of the component (M1) and other components. In the latter case, the solvent more preferably contains both the component (M1) and the component (M2).
- the mass ratio (M1 / M2) of the component (M1) to the component (M2) is preferably "100/0" to "0/10", more preferably “100/0” to "15/85", and ""100/0” to “40/60” are more preferable, and "100/0" to "60/40” are particularly preferable. That is, when the solvent contains both the component (M1) and the component (M2), the mass ratio of the component (M1) to the component (M2) is preferably 15/85 or more, more preferably 40/60 or more. 60/40 or more is more preferable. When such a configuration is adopted, the number of development defects can be further reduced.
- the mass ratio of the component (M1) to the component (M2) is, for example, 99/1 or less.
- the solvent may further contain components other than the components (M1) and (M2).
- the content of the components other than the components (M1) and (M2) is preferably 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the solvent.
- the content of the solvent in the resist composition is preferably set so that the solid content concentration is 0.5 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 20% by mass. By doing so, the coatability of the resist composition can be further improved.
- the solid content means all components other than the solvent.
- the solid content concentration is the mass percentage of the mass of other components excluding the solvent with respect to the total mass of the resist composition.
- the “total solid content” refers to the total mass of the components of the resist composition excluding the solvent.
- the "solid content” is a component excluding the solvent as described above, and may be, for example, a solid or a liquid at 25 ° C.
- the resist composition may contain a surfactant.
- a surfactant is included, a pattern having better adhesion and fewer development defects can be formed.
- the surfactant is preferably a fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactant. Fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactants include, for example, the surfactants described in paragraph [0276] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425.
- Ftop EF301 or EF303 (manufactured by Shin-Akita Kasei Co., Ltd.); Florard FC430, 431, and 4430 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.); Megafuck F171, F173, F176, F189, F113, F110, F177, F120, and R08 (manufactured by DIC Co., Ltd.); Surflon S-382, SC101, 102, 103, 104, 105 or 106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.); Troysol S-366 (manufactured by Troy Chemical Co., Ltd.) ); GF-300 or GF-150 (manufactured by Toa Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.), Surflon S-393 (manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.); Ftop EF121, EF122A, EF122B, RF122C, EF125M, EF135M, EF
- the surfactant is a fluoroaliphatic compound produced by a telomerization method (also referred to as a telomer method) or an oligomerization method (also referred to as an oligomer method). May be synthesized using. Specifically, a polymer having a fluoroaliphatic group derived from this fluoroaliphatic compound may be used as a surfactant. This fluoroaliphatic compound can be synthesized, for example, by the method described in JP-A-2002-090991. In addition, surfactants other than the fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactants described in paragraph [0280] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0248425 may be used.
- surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.0001 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 1% by mass, based on the total solid content of the composition.
- the resist composition comprises a dissolution inhibitory compound, a dye, a plasticizer, a photosensitizer, a light absorber, and / or a compound that promotes solubility in a developing solution (for example, a phenol compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less, or a carboxylic acid group. (Alicyclic or aliphatic compound) containing the above may be further contained.
- the resist composition may further contain a dissolution inhibitory compound.
- a dissolution inhibitory compound is a compound having a molecular weight of 3000 or less, which is decomposed by the action of an acid and its solubility in an organic developer is reduced.
- the composition of the present invention relates to a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition whose properties change in response to irradiation with active light or radiation. More specifically, the composition of the present invention comprises a semiconductor manufacturing process such as an IC (Integrated Circuit), a circuit board manufacturing such as a liquid crystal or a thermal head, a molding structure for imprinting, another photofabrication step, or a photofabrication step. It relates to a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition used for producing a flat plate printing plate or an acid-curable composition.
- the pattern formed in the present invention can be used in an etching step, an ion implantation step, a bump electrode forming step, a rewiring forming step, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), and the like.
- the present invention also relates to an actinic or radiation sensitive film (also referred to as a "resist film”) formed by the actinic or radiation sensitive composition of the present invention.
- a film is formed, for example, by applying the composition of the present invention onto a support such as a substrate.
- the thickness of this film is preferably 0.02 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- As a method of coating on the substrate it is applied on the substrate by an appropriate coating method such as spin coating, roll coating, flow coating, dip coating, spray coating, doctor coating, etc., but spin coating is preferable, and the number of rotations thereof is high. 1000-3000 rpm (rotations per minute) is preferable.
- the coating film is prebaked at 60 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 20 minutes, preferably 80 to 120 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes to form a thin film.
- a silicon wafer can be used, and examples of the material to be the outermost layer include Si, SiO 2 , SiN, SiON, TiN, WSi, BPSG, SOG, organic antireflection film and the like can be mentioned.
- Step 1 Forming a resist film on a substrate using a resist composition
- Step 2 Exposing the resist film (preferably with EUV light)
- Step 3 Using a developing solution to expose the exposed resist film Steps of developing and forming a pattern The procedure of each of the above steps will be described in detail below.
- Step 1 is a step of forming a resist film on the substrate using the resist composition.
- the definition of the resist composition is as described above.
- Examples of the method of forming a resist film on a substrate using a resist composition include a method of applying a resist composition on a substrate. It is preferable to filter the resist composition as necessary before coating.
- the pore size of the filter is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- the filter is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon.
- the resist composition can be applied onto a substrate (eg, silicon, silicon dioxide coating) such as that used in the manufacture of integrated circuit elements by an appropriate coating method such as a spinner or coater.
- the coating method is preferably spin coating using a spinner.
- the rotation speed at the time of spin coating using a spinner is preferably 1000 to 3000 rpm.
- the substrate may be dried to form a resist film. If necessary, various undercoat films (inorganic film, organic film, antireflection film) may be formed under the resist film.
- drying method examples include a method of heating and drying.
- the heating can be carried out by a means provided in a normal exposure machine and / or a developing machine, and may be carried out by using a hot plate or the like.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 80 to 140 ° C, and even more preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 30 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 60 to 800 seconds, still more preferably 60 to 600 seconds.
- the film thickness of the resist film is not particularly limited, but 10 to 65 nm is preferable, and 15 to 50 nm is more preferable, from the viewpoint of being able to form a fine pattern with higher accuracy.
- a top coat may be formed on the upper layer of the resist film by using the top coat composition. It is preferable that the topcoat composition is not mixed with the resist film and can be uniformly applied to the upper layer of the resist film. Further, it is preferable to dry the resist film before forming the top coat. Next, the topcoat composition can be applied onto the obtained resist film by the same means as in the method for forming the resist film, and further dried to form a topcoat.
- the film thickness of the top coat is preferably 10 to 200 nm, more preferably 20 to 100 nm, and even more preferably 40 to 80 nm.
- the top coat is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known top coat can be formed by a conventionally known method.
- the top coat is based on the description in paragraphs [0072] to [0082] of JP-A-2014-059543. Can be formed.
- the basic compound that can be contained in the top coat include basic compounds that may be contained in the resist composition described later.
- the top coat preferably contains a compound containing at least one group or bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, a thioether bond, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, a carbonyl bond, and an ester bond.
- Step 2 is a step of exposing the resist film (preferably with EUV light).
- Examples of the exposure method include a method of irradiating the formed resist film with EUV light through a predetermined mask.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 150 ° C, more preferably 80 to 140 ° C, and even more preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 10 to 1000 seconds, more preferably 10 to 180 seconds, and even more preferably 30 to 120 seconds.
- the heating can be carried out by means provided in a normal exposure machine and / or a developing machine, and may be carried out by using a hot plate or the like. This process is also called post-exposure baking.
- Step 3 is a step of developing the exposed resist film using a developing solution to form a pattern.
- the developer may be an alkaline developer or a developer containing an organic solvent (hereinafter, also referred to as an organic developer).
- Examples of the developing method include a method of immersing the substrate in a tank filled with a developing solution for a certain period of time (dip method), and a method of raising the developing solution on the surface of the substrate by surface tension and allowing it to stand still for a certain period of time (paddle method). ), A method of spraying the developer on the surface of the substrate (spray method), and a method of continuously discharging the developer while scanning the developer discharge nozzle on the substrate rotating at a constant speed (dynamic discharge method). ). Further, after the step of performing the development, a step of stopping the development may be carried out while substituting with another solvent.
- the development time is not particularly limited as long as the resin in the unexposed portion is sufficiently dissolved, and is preferably 10 to 300 seconds, more preferably 20 to 120 seconds.
- the temperature of the developing solution is preferably 0 to 50 ° C, more preferably 15 to 35 ° C.
- alkaline aqueous solution containing alkali is not particularly limited, and for example, a quaternary ammonium salt typified by tetramethylammonium hydroxide, an inorganic alkali, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a tertiary amine, an alcohol amine, a cyclic amine, or the like can be used.
- Examples include alkaline aqueous solutions containing.
- the alkaline developer is preferably an aqueous solution of a quaternary ammonium salt typified by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH).
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- An appropriate amount of alcohols, surfactants and the like may be added to the alkaline developer.
- the alkali concentration of the alkaline developer is usually 0.1 to 20% by mass.
- the pH of the alkaline developer is usually 10.0 to 15.0.
- the organic developer is a developer containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, an ether solvent, and a hydrocarbon solvent. It is preferable to have it.
- ketone solvent examples include 1-octanone, 2-octanone, 1-nonanone, 2-nonanone, acetone, 2-heptanone (methylamyl ketone), 4-heptanone, 1-hexanone, 2-hexanone, and diisobutyl ketone.
- Examples thereof include cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, acetylacetone, acetonylacetone, ionone, diacetonyl alcohol, acetylcarbinol, acetophenone, methylnaphthylketone, isophorone, and propylene carbonate.
- ester solvent examples include methyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, pentyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol monoethyl.
- examples thereof include butyl, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, and butyl propionate.
- the alcohol solvent for example, the solvents disclosed in paragraphs [0715] to [0718] of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0070167A1 can be used. ..
- a plurality of the above solvents may be mixed, or may be mixed with a solvent other than the above or water.
- the water content of the developer as a whole is preferably less than 50% by mass, more preferably less than 20% by mass, further preferably less than 10% by mass, and particularly preferably substantially free of water.
- the content of the organic solvent in the organic developer is preferably 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the developing solution. The following is more preferable, and 95% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less is particularly preferable.
- the pattern forming method preferably includes a step of washing with a rinsing liquid after the step 3.
- Examples of the rinsing solution used in the rinsing step after the step of developing with an alkaline developer include pure water. An appropriate amount of surfactant may be added to pure water. An appropriate amount of surfactant may be added to the rinse solution.
- the rinse solution used in the rinse step after the development step using the organic developer is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the resist pattern, and a solution containing a general organic solvent can be used.
- a rinsing solution a rinsing solution containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, and an ether solvent is used. Is preferable.
- the hydrocarbon solvent, the ketone solvent, the ester solvent, the alcohol solvent, the amide solvent, and the ether solvent include those similar to those described in the developing solution containing an organic solvent.
- the method of the rinsing process is not particularly limited, for example, a method of continuously discharging the rinsing liquid onto a substrate rotating at a constant speed (rotary coating method), or immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the rinsing liquid for a certain period of time. Examples thereof include a method (dip method) and a method of spraying a rinse liquid on the substrate surface (spray method).
- the pattern forming method of the present invention may include a heating step (Post Bake) after the rinsing step. In this step, the developing solution and the rinsing solution remaining between the patterns and inside the patterns are removed by baking. In addition, this step has the effect of smoothing the resist pattern and improving the surface roughness of the pattern.
- the heating step after the rinsing step is usually performed at 40 to 250 ° C. (preferably 90 to 200 ° C.) for 10 seconds to 3 minutes (preferably 30 seconds to 120 seconds).
- the substrate may be etched using the formed pattern as a mask. That is, the pattern formed in step 3 may be used as a mask to process the substrate (or the underlayer film and the substrate) to form the pattern on the substrate.
- the processing method of the substrate (or the underlayer film and the substrate) is not particularly limited, but the substrate (or the underlayer film and the substrate) is dry-etched using the pattern formed in step 3 as a mask to obtain the substrate.
- the method of forming the pattern is preferable.
- the dry etching may be one-step etching or multi-step etching. When the etching is an etching consisting of a plurality of stages, the etching of each stage may be the same process or different processes.
- etching any known method can be used for etching, and various conditions and the like are appropriately determined according to the type and application of the substrate.
- the Bulletin of the International Society of Optical Engineering (Proc. Of SPIE) Vol. Etching can be performed according to 6924, 692420 (2008), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-267112, and the like. It is also possible to follow the method described in "Chapter 4 Etching" of "Semiconductor Process Textbook 4th Edition 2007 Published Publisher: SEMI Japan". Of these, oxygen plasma etching is preferable for dry etching.
- the resist composition and various materials used in the pattern forming method of the present invention are made of metal or the like. It is preferable that it does not contain impurities.
- the content of impurities contained in these materials is preferably 1 mass ppm or less, more preferably 10 mass ppt or less, further preferably 100 mass ppt or less, particularly preferably 10 mass ppt or less, and most preferably 1 mass ppt or less.
- examples of the metal impurities include Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, Al, Li, Cr, Ni, Sn, Ag, As, Au, Ba, Cd, Co, Pb, Ti, V, etc. W, Zn and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the method for removing impurities such as metals from various materials include filtration using a filter.
- the filter pore size is preferably less than 100 nm, more preferably 10 nm or less, and even more preferably 5 nm or less.
- the filter is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, or nylon.
- the filter may be composed of a composite material in which the above filter material and an ion exchange medium are combined.
- a filter that has been pre-cleaned with an organic solvent may be used.
- Filter In the filtration step, a plurality of types of filters may be connected in series or in parallel. When a plurality of types of filters are used, filters having different pore diameters and / or materials may be used in combination.
- various materials may be filtered a plurality of times, and the step of filtering the various materials a plurality of times may be a circulation filtration step.
- the step of filtering the various materials a plurality of times may be a circulation filtration step.
- a polyethylene filter having a pore diameter of 50 nm, a nylon filter having a pore diameter of 10 nm, and a polyethylene filter having a pore diameter of 3 nm in a permutation and perform circulation filtration 10 times or more.
- the resist composition is 0.1 MPa or less, preferably 0.05 MPa or less, and more preferably 0.01 MPa or less.
- the resist composition is filtered through a filter and then filled in a clean container.
- the resist composition filled in the container is preferably stored in a refrigerator. As a result, performance deterioration over time is suppressed.
- the shorter the time from the completion of filling the composition into the container to the start of refrigerated storage is preferably, generally within 24 hours, preferably within 16 hours, more preferably within 12 hours, and 10 Within hours is even more preferred.
- the storage temperature is preferably 0 to 15 ° C, more preferably 0 to 10 ° C, and even more preferably 0 to 5 ° C.
- a method of reducing impurities such as metals contained in various materials for example, a method of selecting a raw material having a low metal content as a raw material constituting various materials, and a filter filtration of the raw materials constituting various materials are performed. Examples thereof include a method of performing the distillation and a method of performing distillation under conditions in which contamination is suppressed as much as possible by lining the inside of the apparatus with Teflon (registered trademark).
- impurities may be removed by an adsorbent, or filter filtration and an adsorbent may be used in combination.
- a known adsorbent can be used, and for example, an inorganic adsorbent such as silica gel and zeolite, and an organic adsorbent such as activated carbon can be used.
- an inorganic adsorbent such as silica gel and zeolite
- an organic adsorbent such as activated carbon
- Conductive compounds are added to organic treatment liquids such as rinse liquids to prevent damage to chemical liquid piping and various parts (filters, O-rings, tubes, etc.) due to static electricity charging and subsequent electrostatic discharge. You may.
- the conductive compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol.
- the amount to be added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, in terms of maintaining preferable development characteristics or rinsing characteristics.
- Examples of the chemical solution piping include various piping coated with SUS (stainless steel), antistatic polyethylene, polypropylene, or fluororesin (polytetrafluoroethylene, perflooloalkoxy resin, etc.). Can be used.
- antistatic treated polyethylene, polypropylene, or fluororesin polytetrafluoroethylene, perflooloalkoxy resin, etc.
- a method for improving the surface roughness of the pattern may be applied to the pattern formed by the method of the present invention.
- Examples of the method for improving the surface roughness of the pattern include a method of treating the pattern with a plasma of a hydrogen-containing gas disclosed in International Publication No. 2014/002808.
- the aspect ratio obtained by dividing the pattern height by the line width is preferably 2.5 or less, more preferably 2.1 or less, still more preferably 1.7 or less. ..
- the pattern to be formed is a trench pattern or a contact hole pattern
- the aspect ratio obtained by dividing the pattern height by the trench width or the hole diameter is preferably 4.0 or less, preferably 3.5. The following is more preferable, and 3.0 or less is further preferable.
- the pattern forming method of the present invention can also be used for guide pattern forming in DSA (Directed Self-Assembly) (see, for example, ACS Nano Vol. 4 No. 8 Page 4815-4823).
- DSA Directed Self-Assembly
- the pattern formed by the above method can be used as, for example, the core material (core) of the spacer process disclosed in JP-A-3-270227 and JP2013-164509.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electronic device including the above-mentioned pattern forming method, and an electronic device manufactured by this manufacturing method.
- the electronic device of the present invention is suitably mounted on an electric electronic device (home appliance, OA (Office Automation), media-related device, optical device, communication device, etc.).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Mw / Mn) of the resins A-1 to A-19 and A'-1 to A'-3 were measured by GPC (solvent: tetrahydrofuran (THF)).
- the composition ratio (mass ratio) of the resin was measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
- the resins A'-1 to A'-3 are not the resins (A), they are listed in the resin (A) in Table 1 for convenience.
- reaction solution was stirred at 80 ° C. for another 2 hours.
- the obtained reaction solution was allowed to cool, reprecipitated with a large amount of methanol / water (mass ratio 9: 1), filtered, and the obtained solid was vacuum dried to obtain 83 g of resin A-1. ..
- the weight average molecular weight of the obtained resin A-1 determined from GPC was 6500, and the dispersity (Mw / Mn) was 1.52. 13
- the composition ratio measured by C-NMR was 20/50/10/20 by weight.
- Photoacid generator ⁇ Photoacid generator (B)> The structures of the photoacid generators (B) (Compounds B-1 to B-9) shown in Table 3 are shown below.
- Photodisintegration quencher ⁇ Photodisintegrating quencher (C)>
- the structures of the photodisintegrating quenchers (C) (Compounds C-1 to C-12, and C'-1) shown in Table 3 are shown below. Although compound C'-1 is not a photodisintegrating quencher (C), it is described for convenience.
- the resins (F) (resins F-1 to F-6) shown in Table 3 are shown below.
- Table 2 shows the composition ratio (mass ratio; corresponding in order from the left), weight average molecular weight (Mw), and dispersity (Mw / Mn) of each repeating unit shown later.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Mw / Mn) of the resins F-1 to F-6 were measured by GPC (solvent carrier: tetrahydrofuran (THF)) (in terms of polystyrene).
- the composition ratio (mass ratio) of the resin was measured by 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance).
- H-1 Megafuck F176 (manufactured by DIC Corporation, fluorine-based surfactant)
- H-2 Megafuck R08 (manufactured by DIC Corporation, fluorine and silicon-based surfactant)
- H-3 PF656 (manufactured by OMNOVA, fluorine-based surfactant)
- G-1 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA)
- G-2 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)
- G-3 Propylene glycol monoethyl ether (PGEE)
- G-4 Cyclohexanone
- G-5 Cyclopentanone
- G-6 2-Heptanone
- G-7 Ethyl lactate
- G-8 ⁇ -Butyrolactone
- G-9 Propylene carbonate
- the underlayer film forming composition AL412 (manufactured by Brewer Science) was applied onto a silicon wafer having a diameter of 12 inches and baked at 205 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a base film having a film thickness of 20 nm.
- the resist composition shown in Table 2 was applied thereto and baked at 100 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a resist film having a film thickness of 30 nm.
- a pattern obtained for a silicon wafer having a obtained resist film using an EUV exposure apparatus Micro Exposure Tool, NA0.3, Quadrupole, outer sigma 0.68, inner sigma 0.36, manufactured by Exitech).
- Pattern irradiation was performed so that the average line width of the above was 20 nm.
- the resist film after exposure was baked at 90 ° C. for 60 seconds, developed with n-butyl acetate for 30 seconds, and spin-dried to obtain a negative pattern.
- the LWR (nm) before aging is preferably 5.0 nm or less, 4.7 nm or less, 4.4 nm or less, 4.1 nm or less, 3.8 nm or less, 3.5 nm or 3.2 nm or less in this order.
- LWR performance after aging nm>
- the pattern obtained by the above method was observed from the upper part of the pattern using a length-measuring scanning electron microscope (SEM (Hitachi, Ltd. S-9380II)).
- SEM length-measuring scanning electron microscope
- the line width of the pattern was observed at 250 points, and the measurement variation was evaluated by 3 ⁇ and used as LWR (nm).
- the smaller the LWR value the better the LWR performance after aging.
- a pattern was formed using the resist composition after preparation and then stored in a dark room at room temperature (25 ° C.) for 180 days for evaluation.
- the LWR (nm) after aging is preferably 5.0 nm or less, 4.7 nm or less, 4.4 nm or less, 4.1 nm or less, 3.8 nm or less, 3.5 nm or 3.2 nm or less in this order.
- ⁇ Defect evaluation before leaving (defect suppression)> The pattern obtained by the above method was evaluated using UVVision5 (manufactured by AMAT) and SEMVisionG4 (manufactured by AMAT) by counting the number of defects per silicon wafer and according to the following evaluation criteria. The smaller the number of defects, the better the defect suppression property.
- defect inhibitory property a resist film was formed using the resist composition immediately after preparation, and EUV exposure was performed immediately after coating and baking to form a pattern.
- A Number of defects is 50 or less
- B Number of defects is more than 50 and 100 or less
- C Number of defects is more than 100 and 200 or less
- D Number of defects is more than 200 and 300 or less
- E Number of defects is more than 300 and 400 or less
- F Number of defects is more than 400 and less than 500
- G Number of defects is more than 500 and less than 600
- H Number of defects is more than 600 and 700
- I Number of defects is more than 700 and less than 800
- J Number of defects is more than 800 and less than 900
- K Number of defects is more than 900 and less than 1000
- L Number of defects is more than 1000 1100 or less
- M Number of defects is more than 1100 and 1200 or less
- N Number of defects is more than 1200 and 1300 or less
- O Number of defects is more than 1300 and 1400 or less
- the resist composition of the present invention is excellent in LWR performance after aging and defect performance (defect inhibitory property) after leaving when a pattern is formed by organic solvent development.
- the resist compositions of Comparative Examples had insufficient performance.
- the underlayer film forming composition AL412 (manufactured by Brewer Science) was applied onto a silicon wafer having a diameter of 12 inches and baked at 205 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a base film having a film thickness of 20 nm.
- the resist composition shown in Table 4 was applied thereto and baked at 100 ° C. for 60 seconds to form a resist film having a film thickness of 30 nm.
- a pattern obtained for a silicon wafer having a obtained resist film using an EUV exposure apparatus Micro Exposure Tool, NA0.3, Quadrupole, outer sigma 0.68, inner sigma 0.36, manufactured by Exitech).
- Pattern irradiation was performed so that the average line width of the above was 20 nm.
- the resist film after exposure was baked at 90 ° C. for 60 seconds, developed with an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (2.38% by mass) for 30 seconds, and then rinsed with pure water for 30 seconds. Then, this was spin-dried to obtain a positive pattern. Using the obtained positive pattern, the LWR performance before and after aging and the defect suppression property before and after leaving were evaluated in the same manner as described above.
- the resist composition of the present invention is excellent in LWR performance after aging and defect performance (defect suppression property) after aging even when a pattern is formed by alkaline development.
- the resist compositions of Comparative Examples had insufficient performance.
- a pattern having excellent LWR performance can be obtained even when stored for a long period of time, and even when a leaving time after application occurs, the pattern is defective. It is possible to provide a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition capable of suppressing the generation. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film using the above-mentioned sensitive light-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and a method for manufacturing an electronic device.
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Abstract
Description
リソグラフィーの方法として、感光性組成物によりレジスト膜を形成した後、得られた膜を露光して、その後、現像する方法が挙げられる。特に、近年、露光の際に、ArFエキシマレーザーに加えて、EB(Electron Beam)、EUV(Extreme ultraviolet)光を用いる検討がなされており、EUV露光に適した感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物の開発がなされている。
特許文献2には、スルホニル基を有する樹脂、光酸発生剤、及び、酸に対して相対的に塩基性を有する成分であって、放射線の照射により塩基性が低下する化合物を含む化学増幅型レジスト材料が開示されている。
特許文献3には、スルホニル基を含む多環構造を有する樹脂、光酸発生剤、及び高エネルギー線又は熱に感応し、特定の含窒素基を有するスルホン酸を発生する化合物を含む化学増幅型レジスト材料が開示されている。
特許文献4には、スルホニル基を含む単環構造を有する樹脂、光酸発生剤、及び、酸拡散制御剤を含む組成物が開示されており、酸拡散制御剤として、露光により感光し弱酸を発生する光崩壊性塩基を用いてもよい旨が記載されている。
また、本発明は、上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いる感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
(A)下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する繰り返し単位(a1)を含有する樹脂と、
(B)活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物と、
(C)活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して酸捕捉性が低下する化合物であって、アニオン性酸捕捉性基を有し、非イオン性の酸捕捉性基を有さず、且つ、フッ素原子をアニオン部に含有するイオン性化合物と、を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
na1は1以上の整数を表す。
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又は水酸基を表す。na1が2以上の整数を表す場合、複数のR1及びR2は、それぞれ同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
*は結合位置を表す。
上記繰り返し単位(a1)が、下記一般式(1-2)で表される繰り返し単位(a1-2)である、[1]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
Xa1は水素原子、アルキル基、又はハロゲン原子を表す。
Aa1は単結合、2価の鎖状炭化水素基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
na1は1以上の整数を表す。
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又は水酸基を表す。na1が2以上の整数を表す場合、複数のR1及びR2は、それぞれ同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
上記樹脂(A)が、さらに酸基を有する繰り返し単位(a2)を含有する、[1]又は[2]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[4]
上記繰り返し単位(a2)中の酸基が、フェノール性水酸基又はフッ化アルキルアルコール基である、[3]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記イオン性化合物(C)が、下記一般式(C1)~(C3)のいずれかで表される化合物である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
RC1は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
LC1は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
但し、RC1、及びLC1の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
RC2は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
LC2は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
但し、RC2、及びLC2の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
AC31、及びAC32は、それぞれ独立に、-SO2-RPC1、又は-CO-RPC2を表す。
RPC1、及びRPC2は、有機基を表す。
但し、AC31、及びAC32の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
上記一般式(C1)~(C3)中のMC +が、下記一般式(ZcI)又は一般式(ZcII)で表されるカチオンである、[5]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
RC01、RC02、及びRC03は、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表す。
RC04、及びRC05は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基、アルキル基、又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
上記活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(B)と、上記イオン性化合物(C)が、同一の化合物であって、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生し、活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して酸捕捉性が低下する化合物であり、アニオン性酸捕捉性基を有し、非イオン性の酸捕捉性基を有さず、且つ、フッ素原子をアニオン部に含有するイオン性化合物(D)である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記イオン性化合物(D)が、下記一般式(PD)で表される化合物である[7]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
MD1 +、及びMD2 +は、それぞれ独立に、有機カチオンを表す。
LDは、2価の有機基を表す。
AD1 -、及びBD1 -は、それぞれ独立に、酸アニオン基を表す。
LD、AD1 -、及びBD1 -の少なくともいずれかは、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
但し、一般式(PD)で表される化合物のMD1 +及びMD2 +がそれぞれ水素原子で置換されたHAD1-LD-BD1Hで表される化合物において、HAD1で表される基のpKaは、BD1Hで表される基のpKaよりも低い。
上記イオン性化合物(D)以外に、上記活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(B)及び上記イオン性化合物(C)の少なくとも一方を含有する、[7]又は[8]に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[10]
上記イオン性化合物(C)が、カチオン部にフッ素原子を有する、[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
上記活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(B)が、カチオン部にフッ素原子を有する、[1]~[10]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
[12]
[1]~[11]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜。
[1]~[11]のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程と、
上記レジスト膜を露光する工程と、
現像液を用いて、上記露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程と、を有するパターン形成方法。
[14]
[13]に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
また、本発明によれば、上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いる感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法を提供できる。
なお、本明細書において「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書中における「露光」とは、特に断らない限り、水銀灯の輝線スペクトル、エキシマレーザーに代表される遠紫外線、極紫外線、X線、及びEUV光等による露光のみならず、電子線、及びイオンビーム等の粒子線による描画も含む。
H+解離自由エネルギーの計算方法については、例えばDFT(密度汎関数法)により計算できるが、他にも様々な手法が文献等で報告されており、これに制限されるものではない。なお、DFTを実施できるソフトウェアは複数存在するが、例えば、Gaussian16が挙げられる。
置換基Tとしては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子及びヨウ素原子等のハロゲン原子;メトキシ基、エトキシ基及びtert-ブトキシ基等のアルコキシ基;フェノキシ基及びp-トリルオキシ基等のアリールオキシ基;メトキシカルボニル基、ブトキシカルボニル基及びフェノキシカルボニル基等のアルコキシカルボニル基;アセトキシ基、プロピオニルオキシ基及びベンゾイルオキシ基等のアシルオキシ基;アセチル基、ベンゾイル基、イソブチリル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基及びメトキサリル基等のアシル基;メチルスルファニル基及びtert-ブチルスルファニル基等のアルキルスルファニル基;フェニルスルファニル基及びp-トリルスルファニル基等のアリールスルファニル基;アルキル基;シクロアルキル基;アリール基;ヘテロアリール基;水酸基;カルボキシ基;ホルミル基;スルホ基;シアノ基;アルキルアミノカルボニル基;アリールアミノカルボニル基;スルホンアミド基;シリル基;アミノ基;モノアルキルアミノ基;ジアルキルアミノ基;アリールアミノ基;並びにこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
本発明の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物(以下、「レジスト組成物」とも言う)について説明する。
本発明のレジスト組成物は、ポジ型のレジスト組成物であっても、ネガ型のレジスト組成物であってもよい。また、アルカリ現像用のレジスト組成物であっても、有機溶剤現像用のレジスト組成物であってもよい。本発明の組成物は、典型的には、化学増幅型のレジスト組成物である。
なお、本発明のレジスト組成物において、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(B)と、イオン性化合物(C)は同一の化合物であってもよい。
微細なパターン形成を目的としたEUV(波長13.5nm)を用いたレジストパターンの形成において、酸拡散制御剤として従来用いられてきた活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して塩基性が低下する化合物は、親水的なオニウム塩構造や、アミノ基等の酸捕捉基を有するため、酸拡散制御剤同士での相互作用が強い。そのため、レジスト組成物を調液した後に長い保存期間を設ける、又はレジスト組成物の塗布後に引き置き時間を設けると、レジスト組成物中の酸拡散制御剤同士が凝集し、得られるパターンにおけるLWR性能の悪化や欠陥の増加を招く。
さらに、本発明では、スルホニル基(-SO2-)を環員として含む単環型の環状構造を有する樹脂を用いている。酸拡散制御剤と適度な相互作用性を有する、スルホニル基を環員として含む単環型の環状構造を含む樹脂を用いることで、酸拡散制御剤の分散性を高めることが可能となる。スルホニル基を鎖状基中に含む場合は、スルホニル基を含む鎖状基の自由度が高いため、酸拡散制御剤との相互作用が強くなりすぎ、スルホニル基周辺に酸拡散制御剤が偏在してしまう。また、スルホニル基を多環型の環状構造中に含む場合は、スルホニル基を含む環状構造の自由度が低いため、酸拡散制御剤との相互作用が弱すぎ、酸拡散制御剤の分散に寄与しない。
このように、酸拡散制御剤の凝集を抑制することによって、レジスト組成物を長期間保存した場合でもLWR性能に優れるパターンを得られ、引き置き時間が生じた場合においてもパターンの欠陥発生を抑制できるものと推察される。
以下、レジスト組成物が含み得る成分について詳述する。
レジスト組成物は、樹脂(A)を含む。
樹脂(A)は、典型的には、酸分解性樹脂であり、酸の作用により極性が増大してアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大し、有機溶剤に対する溶解度が減少する樹脂である。
樹脂(A)は、酸の作用により分解して極性基を生じる基(言い換えると、酸の作用により脱離する脱離基で極性基が保護された構造)を有する。このような基(構造)を酸分解性基とも言う。酸分解性基を有する樹脂(つまり、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位を有する樹脂)は、酸の作用により極性が増大してアルカリ現像液に対する溶解度が増大し、有機溶剤に対する溶解度が減少する。
樹脂(A)は、下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する繰り返し単位(a1)を有する。
na1は1以上の整数を表す。
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又は水酸基を表す。na1が2以上の整数を表す場合、複数のR1及びR2は、それぞれ同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
*は結合位置を表す。
na1は、1~5の整数であることが好ましく、3~5の整数であることがより好ましい。
上記アルキル基が置換基を有する場合の置換基としては、上記置換基Tに記載の置換基が挙げられ、ハロゲン原子であることが好ましく、フッ素原子であることがより好ましい。
Xa1は水素原子、アルキル基、又はハロゲン原子を表す。
Aa1は単結合、2価の鎖状炭化水素基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
na1は1以上の整数を表す。
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又は水酸基を表す。na1が2以上の整数を表す場合、複数のR1及びR2は、それぞれ同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
Xa1は水素原子、アルキル基、又はハロゲン原子を表す。
上記アルキル基が置換基を有する場合の置換基としては、上記置換基Tに記載の置換基が挙げられ、ハロゲン原子であることが好ましく、フッ素原子であることがより好ましい。
上記炭素数1~18の鎖状アルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、n-ブチレン基、n-ペンチレン基等が挙げられ、メチレン基、エチレン基、又はn-プロピレン基が好ましく、メチレン基、又はエチレン基がより好ましく、メチレン基がさらに好ましい。
上記炭素数2~18の鎖状アルケニレン基としては、ビニル基、n-プロペニレン基、1-ブテニル基、2-ブテニル基等が挙げられる。
上記炭素数2~18の鎖状アルキニレン基としては、エチニレン基、n-プロピニレン基、1-ブチニレン基、2-ブチニレン基等が挙げられる。
樹脂(A)は、さらに、酸基を有する繰り返し単位(a2)を有することが好ましい。
フェノール性水酸基を有する繰り返し単位としては、下記の一般式(B2)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましい。
上記アルキル基の置換基は水酸基又はハロゲン原子が好ましい。上記アルキル基が置換基を有する場合、置換基として水酸基及び/又はハロゲン原子のみを有するのが好ましい。上記アルキル基は-CH3が好ましい。
フッ化アルキルアルコール基を有する繰り返し単位としては、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基を有する繰り返し単位が好ましく、下記一般式(A6)で表される繰り返し単位であることがより好ましい。
XQ6は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1価の有機基(好ましくはメチル基)を表す。
RQ6は、アルキレン基(直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状。好ましくは炭素数1~5)、非芳香族性環基、又は、芳香環基、又はこれらの2つ以上を組み合わせてなる基を表す。
単環式炭化水素環基としては、例えば、炭素数3~12(好ましくは炭素数3~7)のシクロアルカン環基、及び、炭素数3~12のシクロアルケン環基が挙げられる。
多環式炭化水素環基としては、例えば、環集合炭化水素環基及び架橋環式炭化水素環基が挙げられる。
架橋環式炭化水素環としては、例えば、2環式炭化水素環、3環式炭化水素環、及び、4環式炭化水素環等が挙げられる。また、架橋環式炭化水素環は、5~8員シクロアルカン環が複数個縮合した縮合環でもよい。
架橋環式炭化水素環基は、ノルボルナン環基、アダマンタン環基、ビシクロオクタン環基、又は、トリシクロ[5、2、1、02,6]デカン環基が好ましい。
繰り返し単位(a2)は1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。
樹脂(A)は、酸分解性基を有する繰り返し単位(「繰り返し単位(a3)」ともいう。)を更に含んでいてもよい。
極性基としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ素化アルコール基、スルホン酸基、スルホンアミド基、スルホニルイミド基、(アルキルスルホニル)(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、(アルキルスルホニル)(アルキルカルボニル)イミド基、ビス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、ビス(アルキルカルボニル)イミド基、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)メチレン基、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミド基、トリス(アルキルカルボニル)メチレン基、及び、トリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチレン基等の酸性基(典型的には、2.38質量%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液中で解離する基)、並びに、アルコール性水酸基等が挙げられる。
式(Y1):-C(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y2):-C(=O)OC(Rx1)(Rx2)(Rx3)
式(Y3):-C(R36)(R37)(OR38)
式(Y4):-C(Rn)(H)(Ar)
なかでも、Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表すことが好ましく、Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、直鎖状のアルキル基を表すことがより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して、単環又は多環を形成してもよい。
Rx1~Rx3のアルキル基としては、特に限定されないが、炭素数1~20のアルキル基が挙げられ、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、及び、t-ブチル基等の炭素数1~4のアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、特に限定されないが、炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基が挙げられ、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、並びに、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のアリール基は、炭素数6~14のアリール基が好ましく、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基、及びアントリル基等が挙げられる。
アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基は、置換基を有していてもよい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、置換基を有していてもよい。
Mは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。
Qは、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいシクロアルキル基、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよいアリール基、アミノ基、アンモニウム基、メルカプト基、シアノ基、アルデヒド基、又は、これらを組み合わせた基(例えば、アルキル基とシクロアルキル基とを組み合わせた基)を表す。
アルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、例えば、メチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
なお、L1及びL2のうち一方は水素原子であり、他方はアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、又は、アルキレン基とアリール基とを組み合わせた基であることが好ましい。
Q、M、及び、L1の少なくとも2つが結合して環(好ましくは、5員若しくは6員環)を形成してもよい。
パターンの微細化の点では、L2が2級又は3級アルキル基であることが好ましく、3級アルキル基であることがより好ましい。2級アルキル基としては、イソプロピル基、シクロヘキシル基又はノルボルニル基が挙げられ、3級アルキル基としては、tert-ブチル基又はアダマンタン基を挙げることができる。これらの態様では、Tg(ガラス転移温度)や活性化エネルギーが高くなるため、膜強度の担保に加え、かぶりの抑制ができる。
酸分解性基は、アセタール構造を有することが好ましい。アセタール構造は、例えば、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基、フッ素化アルコール基などの極性基が、上記式(Y3)で表される基で保護された構造である。
L1は、2価の連結基を表す。2価の連結基としては、-CO-、-O-、-S―、-SO-、―SO2-、炭化水素基(例えば、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、アリーレン基等)、及び、これらの複数が連結した連結基等が挙げられる。中でも、L1としては、-CO-、アリーレン基が好ましい。
アリーレン基としては、フェニレン基が好ましい。
アルキレン基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキレン基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
アルキル基は、直鎖状であっても、分岐鎖状であってもよい。アルキル基の炭素数は特に制限されないが、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
シクロアルキル基は、単環型であってもよく、多環型であってもよい。このシクロアルキル基の炭素数は、好ましくは3~8とする。
ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、及びヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
中でも、脱離基としては、上記式(Y1)~(Y4)で表される基が挙げられ、上記式(Y3)で表される基が好ましい。
Xa1は、水素原子、又は、アルキル基を表す。
Tは、単結合、又は、2価の連結基を表す。
Rx1~Rx3は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基(直鎖状、又は、分岐鎖状)、又は、シクロアルキル基(単環、又は、多環)を表す。ただし、Rx1~Rx3の全てがアルキル基(直鎖状、又は、分岐鎖状)である場合、Rx1~Rx3のうち少なくとも2つはメチル基であることが好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して、シクロアルキル基(単環若しくは多環)を形成してもよい。
Tは、単結合又は-COO-Rt-基が好ましい。Tが-COO-Rt-基を表す場合、Rtは、炭素数1~5のアルキレン基が好ましく、-CH2-基、-(CH2)2-基、又は、-(CH2)3-基がより好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3のシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基、又は、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基としては、シクロペンチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、その他にも、ノルボルニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。中でも、炭素数5~6の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。
Rx1~Rx3の2つが結合して形成されるシクロアルキル基は、例えば、環を構成するメチレン基の1つが、酸素原子等のヘテロ原子、又は、カルボニル基等のヘテロ原子を有する基で置き換わっていてもよい。
一般式(AI)で表される繰り返し単位は、例えば、Rx1がメチル基又はエチル基であり、Rx2とRx3とが結合して上述のシクロアルキル基を形成している態様が好ましい。
樹脂(A)は、繰り返し単位(a1)~(a3)とは別の極性基を有する繰り返し単位(「繰り返し単位(a4)」ともいう。)を更に含んでいてもよい。
すなわち、繰り返し単位(a4)は、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を有することが好ましく、ラクトン構造を有することが特に好ましい。
ビシクロ構造又はスピロ構造を形成する形で5~7員環ラクトン環に他の環が縮環しているラクトン構造も好ましい。ビシクロ構造又はスピロ構造を形成する形で5~7員環スルトン環に他の環が縮環しているスルトン構造も好ましい。
なかでも、一般式(LC1-1)、一般式(LC1-4)、一般式(LC1-5)、一般式(LC1-8)、一般式(LC1-16)、一般式(LC1-21)、若しくは、一般式(LC1-22)で表されるラクトン構造、又は一般式(SL1-1)で表されるスルトン構造が好ましい。
ALSは、エステル結合(-COO-で表される基)又はアミド結合(-CONH-で表される基)を表す。
RLS2のアルキレン基又はシクロアルキレン基は置換基を有してもよい。
中でもRLS3は、エーテル結合又はエステル結合が好ましく、エステル結合がより好ましい。
なかでも、前述の一般式(LC1-1)~(LC1-22)で表される構造、及び一般式(SL1-1)~(SL1-3)で表される構造のいずれかにおいて、ラクトン構造又はスルトン構造を構成する炭素原子1つから、水素原子を1つ除いてなる基であることが好ましい。なお、上記水素原子を1つ除かれる炭素原子は、置換基(Rb2)を構成する炭素原子ではないことが好ましい。
下記の例示において、ビニル基に結合するメチル基は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、又は1価の有機基に置き換えられてもよい。
カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位におけるカーボネート基は、環状炭酸エステル基に含まれているのが好ましい。
カーボネート基を有する繰り返し単位は、一般式(A4)で表される繰り返し単位が好ましい。
RA 1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子又は1価の有機基(好ましくはメチル基)を表す。
nは、0以上(好ましくは0~3)の整数を表す。
RA 2は、置換基を表す。nが2以上の場合、複数存在するRA 2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Aは、単結合又は2価の連結基を表す。上記2価の連結基は、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~4)、単環又は多環の脂環炭化水素構造を有する2価の連結基、エーテル基、エステル基、カルボニル基、カルボン酸基、又はこれらを組み合わせた2価の基が好ましい。
Zは、式中の-O-CO-O-で表される基と共に単環又は多環を形成する原子団を表す。
Zが式中の-O-CO-O-で表される基と共に形成する単環又は多環は、5員環の環状炭酸エステル基が好ましく、下記一般式(CC1-1)で表される環状炭酸エステル構造がより好ましい。
つまり、一般式(A4)中のAは、下記一般式(CC1-1)で表される環状炭酸エステル構造の環員原子から水素原子を1つ引き抜いてなる基と結合しているのが好ましい。
その他、樹脂(A)は、下記の式(D)で表される繰り返し単位(a5)を更に含んでいてもよい。
mは0以上の整数を表す。mの上限は特に制限されないが、2以下の場合が多く、1以下の場合がより多い。
「cylic」は、主鎖の炭素原子を含む環状基である。環状基に含まれる原子数は特に制限されない。
R’は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、及び、アルケニル基、水酸基、アルコキシ基、アシロキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、ハロゲン原子、エステル基(-OCOR’’又は-COOR’’:R’’は炭素数1~20のアルキル基又はフッ素化アルキル基)、又は、カルボン酸基を表す。なお、上記アルキル基、上記シクロアルキル基、上記アリール基、上記アラルキル基、及び、上記アルケニル基は、それぞれ、置換機を有してもよい。また、R’で表される基中の炭素原子に結合している水素原子は、フッ素原子又はヨウ素原子で置換されていてもよい。
mは0以上の整数を表す。mの上限は特に制限されないが、2以下の場合が多く、1以下の場合がより多い。
また、式(E-2)、式(E-4)、式(E-6)、式(E-8)、及び式(E-12)中、2つのRは互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。
上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましい。上記アルキル基は、置換基としてフッ素原子のみを有するのが好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましい。上記アルキル基の置換基はフッ素原子が好ましい。上記アルキル基が置換基を有する場合、置換基としてフッ素原子のみを有するのが好ましい。
Lの2価の連結基は、-COO-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、及び、これらの複数が連結した連結基等が挙げられ、総炭素数12以下の連結基が好ましい。
X7がアルキル基を表す場合のアルキル基としては、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の炭素数1~12のアルキル基が挙げられ、メチル基、エチル基、i‐プロピル基、又はn-プロピル基が好ましく、メチル基、又はエチル基がより好ましく、メチル基がさらに好ましい。
上記アルキル基が置換基を有する場合の置換基としては、上記置換基Tに記載の置換基が挙げられる。
X7がハロゲン原子を表す場合のハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、又はヨウ素原子が挙げられ、フッ素原子であることが好ましい。
繰り返し単位(a7)は1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。
GPC法によりポリスチレン換算値として、樹脂(A)の重量平均分子量は、1,000~200,000が好ましく、3,000~20,000がより好ましく、4,500~15,000が更に好ましい。樹脂(A)の重量平均分子量を、1,000~200,000とすれば、耐熱性及びドライエッチング耐性の劣化を防ぐことができ、更に、現像性の劣化、及び、粘度が高くなって製膜性が劣化することを防げる。
樹脂(A)の分散度(分子量分布)は、通常1~5であり、1~3が好ましく、1.2~3.0がより好ましく、1.2~2.0が更に好ましい。分散度が小さいものほど、解像度、及び、レジスト形状が優れ、更に、レジストパターンの側壁がスムーズであり、ラフネス性に優れる。
レジスト組成物は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(光酸発生剤、又は光酸発生剤(B)ともいう)を含んでいてもよい。光酸発生剤は、露光(好ましくはEUV光の露光)により酸を発生する化合物である。
光酸発生剤は、低分子化合物の形態であってもよく、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態であってもよい。また、低分子化合物の形態と重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態を併用してもよい。
光酸発生剤が、低分子化合物の形態である場合、分子量は3000以下が好ましく、2000以下がより好ましく、1000以下が更に好ましい。
光酸発生剤が、重合体の一部に組み込まれた形態である場合、樹脂(A)の一部に組み込まれてもよく、樹脂(A)とは異なる樹脂に組み込まれてもよい。
本発明において、光酸発生剤が、低分子化合物の形態であるのが好ましい。
光酸発生剤は特に限定されず、中でも、EUV光の照射により、有機酸を発生する化合物が好ましく、分子中にフッ素原子又はヨウ素原子を有する光酸発生剤がより好ましい。
上記有機酸として、例えば、スルホン酸(脂肪族スルホン酸、芳香族スルホン酸、及び、カンファースルホン酸等)、カルボン酸(脂肪族カルボン酸、芳香族カルボン酸、及び、アラルキルカルボン酸等)、カルボニルスルホニルイミド酸、ビス(アルキルスルホニル)イミド酸、及び、トリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチド酸等が挙げられる。
上記体積の値は、富士通株式会社製の「WinMOPAC」を用いて求める。上記体積の値の計算にあたっては、まず、各例に係る酸の化学構造を入力し、次に、この構造を初期構造としてMM(Molecular Mechanics)3法を用いた分子力場計算により、各酸の最安定立体配座を決定し、その後、これら最安定立体配座についてPM(Parameterized Model number)3法を用いた分子軌道計算を行って、各酸の「accessible volume」を計算できる。
極性基としては、例えば、エーテル基、エステル基、アミド基、アシル基、スルホ基、スルホニルオキシ基、スルホンアミド基、チオエーテル基、チオエステル基、ウレア基、カーボネート基、カーバメート基、水酸基、及び、メルカプト基が挙げられる。
発生する酸が有する極性基の数は特に制限されず、1個以上であるのが好ましく、2個以上であるのがより好ましい。ただし、過剰な現像を抑制する点から、極性基の数は、6個未満であるのが好ましく、4個未満であるのがより好ましい。
光酸発生剤は、一般式(PA-1)で表される化合物を含むのが好ましい。
一般式(PA-1)中に2つ存在するRPは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
一般式(PA-1)中に2つ存在するRPの炭素数は、それぞれ独立に、1~25が好ましく、1~15がより好ましい。
一般式(PA-1)中に2つ存在するRPの水素原子を除く原子の数は、それぞれ独立に、2~30が好ましく、4~20がより好ましい。
RPは、一般式(RF)で表される基が好ましい。
-LRF-RRF (RF)
上記2価の連結基としては、例えば、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~6)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、アルケニレン基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数2~6)、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基等が挙げられる。
またこれらの2価の連結基が可能な場合に有し得る置換基は、ハロゲン原子が好ましく、フッ素原子がより好ましい。例えば、上記アルキレン基(複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基に含まれ得るアルキレン基も含む)がパーフルオロアルキレン基になっているのも好ましい。
上記2価の連結基は、-アルキレン基-COO-又は-アルキレン基-SO2-が好ましい。-アルキレン基-COO-及び-アルキレン基-SO2-は、アルキレン基がN-側に存在するのが好ましい。
RRFがシクロアルキル基である場合、上記シクロアルキル基は単環でも多環でもよい。
上記シクロアルキル基の炭素数は、3~15が好ましく、5~10がより好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、及び、デカリニル基、アダマンチル基が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキル基が有してもよい置換基は、アルキル基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~5)が好ましい。上記シクロアルキル基はこれ以外の置換基を有さないのも好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基の環員原子である炭素原子のうちの1個以上が、カルボニル炭素原子及び/又はヘテロ原子で置き換わっていてもよい。例えば、シクロアルキル基中の、LRFと結合する炭素原子(-CH<)が窒素原子(-N<)で置き換わってもよい。
RRFがアルキル基である場合、上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基が有してもよい置換基は、シクロアルキル基、フッ素原子、又はシアノ基が好ましい。上記アルキル基はこれら以外の置換基を有さないのも好ましい。
上記置換基としてのシクロアルキル基の例としては、例えば、RRFがシクロアルキル基である場合において説明したシクロアルキル基が同様に挙げられる。
上記アルキル基が、上記置換基としてのフッ素原子を有する場合、上記アルキル基は、パーフルオロアルキル基となっていてもよいし、ならなくてもよい。上記アルキル基が、上記置換基としてのフッ素原子を有する場合、上記アルキル基の一部又は全部がパーフルオロメチル基であるのも好ましい。
M+のカチオンは、有機カチオンが好ましい。
上記有機カチオンは、それぞれ独立に、一般式(ZaI)で表されるカチオン(カチオン(ZaI))又は一般式(ZaII)で表されるカチオン(カチオン(ZaII))が好ましい。
R201、R202、及びR203は、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表す。
R201、R202、及びR203としての有機基の炭素数は、通常1~30であり、1~20が好ましい。また、R201~R203のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又は、カルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基)、及び、-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-が挙げられる。
カチオン(ZaI-1)は、上記一般式(ZaI)のR201~R203の少なくとも1つがアリール基である、アリールスルホニウムカチオンである。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンは、R201~R203の全てがアリール基でもよいし、R201~R203の一部がアリール基であり、残りがアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基であってもよい。
また、R201~R203のうちの1つがアリール基であり、R201~R203のうちの残りの2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又は、カルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。R201~R203のうちの2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、1つ以上のメチレン基が酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、及び/又はカルボニル基で置換されていてもよいアルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基、又は-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-)が挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンとしては、例えば、トリアリールスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、アリールジアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、ジアリールシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオン、及び、アリールジシクロアルキルスルホニウムカチオンが挙げられる。
アリールスルホニウムカチオンが必要に応じて有しているアルキル基又はシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~15の直鎖状アルキル基、炭素数3~15の分岐鎖状アルキル基、又は、炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、n-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
上記置換基は可能な場合は更に置換基を有していてもよく、例えば、上記アルキル基が置換基としてハロゲン原子を有して、トリフルオロメチル基等のハロゲン化アルキル基となっていてもよい。
カチオン(ZaI-2)は、式(ZaI)におけるR201~R203が、それぞれ独立に、芳香環を有さない有機基を表すカチオンである。ここで芳香環とは、ヘテロ原子を含む芳香族環も包含する。
R201~R203としての芳香環を有さない有機基は、一般的に炭素数1~30であり、炭素数1~20が好ましい。
R201~R203は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリル基、又はビニル基が好ましく、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、又は、アルコキシカルボニルメチル基がより好ましく、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の2-オキソアルキル基が更に好ましい。
R201~R203は、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシ基(例えば炭素数1~5)、水酸基、シアノ基、又は、ニトロ基によって更に置換されていてもよい。
カチオン(ZaI-3b)は、下記一般式(ZaI-3b)で表されるカチオンである。
R1c~R5cは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニルオキシ基、シクロアルキルカルボニルオキシ基、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、アルキルチオ基、又は、アリールチオ基を表す。
R6c及びR7cは、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基(t-ブチル基等)、シクロアルキル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、又は、アリール基を表す。
Rx及びRyは、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、2-オキソアルキル基、2-オキソシクロアルキル基、アルコキシカルボニルアルキル基、アリル基、又は、ビニル基を表す。
上記環としては、例えば、芳香族又は非芳香族の炭化水素環、芳香族又は非芳香族のヘテロ環、及びこれらの環が2つ以上組み合わされてなる多環縮合環が挙げられる。環は、3~10員環が挙げられ、4~8員環が好ましく、5又は6員環がより好ましい。
R5cとR6c、及び、R5cとRxが結合して形成する基は、単結合又はアルキレン基が好ましい。アルキレン基としては、例えば、メチレン基及びエチレン基等が挙げられる。
lは0~2の整数を表す。
rは0~8の整数を表す。
R13は、水素原子、フッ素原子、水酸基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、又は、シクロアルキル基を有する基(シクロアルキル基そのものであってもよく、シクロアルキル基を一部に含む基であってもよい)を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。
R14は、水酸基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルカルボニル基、アルキルスルホニル基、シクロアルキルスルホニル基、又は、シクロアルキル基を有する基(シクロアルキル基そのものであってもよく、シクロアルキル基を一部に含む基であってもよい)を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。R14は、複数存在する場合はそれぞれ独立して、水酸基等の上記基を表す。
R15は、それぞれ独立して、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、又は、ナフチル基を表す。これらの基は置換基を有してもよい。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。2つのR15が互いに結合して環を形成するとき、環骨格内に、酸素原子、又は、窒素原子等のヘテロ原子を含んでもよい。一態様において、2つのR15がアルキレン基であり、互いに結合して環構造を形成するのが好ましい。
R204及びR205のアリール基は、フェニル基、又は、ナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。R204及びR205のアリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、又は、硫黄原子等を有するヘテロ環を有するアリール基であってもよい。ヘテロ環を有するアリール基の骨格としては、例えば、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、及び、ベンゾチオフェン等が挙げられる。
R204及びR205のアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~10の直鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数3~10の分岐鎖状アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、又はペンチル基)、又は、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基(例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、又はノルボルニル基)が好ましい。
光酸発生剤は、一般式(PB)で表される化合物を含むのも好ましい。
M1 +A--L-B- M2 +(PB)
そのため、レジスト膜が露光された際にも、レジスト膜中で生じる酸の量及び拡散が均一になりやすく、現像後に得られるパターンの幅が安定する、と本発明者らは推測している。
M1 +及びM2 +の有機カチオンは、それぞれ独立に、一般式(PA-1)のM+についての説明の中で挙げた有機カチオンが同様に使用できる。
上記2価の有機基としては、例えば、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6。直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、アルケニレン基(好ましくは炭素数2~6)、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキレン基のシクロアルカン環を構成するメチレン基の1個以上が、カルボニル炭素及び/又はヘテロ原子(酸素原子等)で置き換わっていてもよい。
これらの2価の連結基は、更に、-O-、-S-、-SO-、及び、-SO2-からなる群から選択される基を有するのも好ましい。
*A-LA-LB-LC-LD-LE-*B (L)
上記XAは、1以上の整数を表し、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
RLA1及びRLA2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
RLA1及びRLA2の置換基は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子又はフルオロアルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子又はパーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子又はパーフルオロメチル基が更に好ましい。
XAが2以上の場合、XA個存在するRLA1は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
XAが2以上の場合、XA個存在するRLA2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-は、-CH2-、-CHF-、-CH(CF3)-、又は、-CF2-が好ましい。
中でも、一般式(PB)中のA-と直接結合する-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-は、-CH2-、-CHF-、-CH(CF3)-、又は、-CF2-が好ましい。
一般式(PB)中のA-と直接結合する-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-以外の-(C(RLA1)(RLA2))-は、それぞれ独立に、-CH2-、-CHF-、又は、-CF2-が好ましい。
上記アルキレン基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキレン基の炭素数は、1~5が好ましく、1~2がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい上記シクロアルキレン基の炭素数は、3~15が好ましく、5~10がより好ましい。
上記シクロアルキレン基は単環でも多環でもよい。
上記シクロアルキレン基としては、例えば、ノルボルナンジイル基、及びアダマンタンジイル基が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキレン基が有してもよい置換基は、アルキル基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~5)が好ましい。
上記シクロアルキレン基のシクロアルカン環を構成するメチレン基の1個以上が、カルボニル炭素及び/又はヘテロ原子(酸素原子等)で置き換わっていてもよい。
LCが、「-アルキレン基-シクロアルキレン基-」の場合、アルキレン基部分は、LB側に存在するのが好ましい。
LBが単結合の場合、LCは、単結合又はシクロアルキレン基が好ましい。
上記-(C(RLE1)(RLE2))XE-におけるXEは、1以上の整数を表し、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
RLE1及びRLE2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
XEが2以上の場合、XE個存在するRLE1は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
XEが2以上の場合、XE個存在するRLE2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
中でも、-(C(RLE1)(RLE2))-は、-CH2-が好ましい。一般式(L)中、LB、LC、及びLDが単結合の場合、LEも単結合であるのが好ましい。
酸アニオン基は、アニオン原子を有する基である。
A-は、具体的には、一般式(A-1)~(A-2)のいずれかで表される基であるのが好ましい。
一般式(A-2)中、RAは、有機基を表す。
RAは、アルキル基が好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基が有してもよい置換基は、フッ素原子が好ましい。
置換基としてフッ素原子を有する上記アルキル基は、パーフルオロアルキル基となっていてもよいし、ならなくてもよい。
B-は、具体的には、一般式(B-1)~(B-4)のいずれかで表される基であるのが好ましい。
B-は、一般式(B-1)~(B-3)のいずれかで表される基が好ましく、一般式(B-1)~(B-2)のいずれかで表される基がより好ましい。
一般式(B-1)~(B-4)中、RBは、有機基を表す。
RBは、シクロアルキル基又はアルキル基が好ましい。
RBがシクロアルキル基である場合、上記シクロアルキル基の炭素数は、3~15が好ましく、5~10がより好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基は単環でも多環でもよい。
上記シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、及び、アダマンチル基が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキル基が有してもよい置換基は、アルキル基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~5)が好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基の環員原子である炭素原子のうちの1個以上が、カルボニル炭素原子で置き換わっていてもよい。
RBがアルキル基である場合、上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基が有してもよい置換基は、シクロアルキル基、フッ素原子、又は、シアノ基が好ましい。
上記置換基としてのシクロアルキル基の例としては、RBがシクロアルキル基である場合において説明したシクロアルキル基が同様に挙げられる。
上記アルキル基が、上記置換基としてのフッ素原子を有する場合、上記アルキル基は、パーフルオロアルキル基となっていてもよいし、ならなくてもよい。上記アルキル基が、上記置換基としてのフッ素原子を有する場合、上記アルキル基の一部又は全部がパーフルオロメチル基であるのも好ましい。
より具体的には、HA-L-BHで表される化合物について酸解離定数を求めた場合において、「HA-L-BH」が「A--L-BH」となる際のpKaを「HAで表される基のpKa」とし、更に、「A--L-BH」が「A--L-B-」となる際のpKaを「BHで表される基のpKa」とする。
「HAで表される基のpKa」及び「BHで表される基のpKa」は、それぞれ、「ソフトウェアパッケージ1」又は「Gaussian16」を用いて求める。
中でも、HAで表される基のpKaは、-12.00~1.00が好ましく、-7.00~0.50がより好ましく、-5.00~0.00が更に好ましい。
HBで表される基のpKaは、-4.00~14.00が好ましく、-2.00~12.00がより好ましく、-1.00~5.00が更に好ましい。
HBで表される基のpKaとHAで表される基のpKaとの差(「HBで表される基のpKa」-「HAで表される基のpKa」)は、0.10~20.00が好ましく、0.50~17.00がより好ましく、2.00~15.00が更に好ましい。
レジスト組成物は、上述した以外のその他の光酸発生剤を使用してもよい。
その他の光酸発生剤としては、例えば、「M+Z-(M+はカチオンを表しZ-はアニオンを表す)」で表される化合物(オニウム塩)が挙げられる。
「M+ Z-」で表される化合物において、Z-は、アニオンを表し、求核反応を起こす能力が著しく低いアニオンが好ましい。
上記アニオンとしては、例えば、スルホン酸アニオン(フルオロアルキルスルホン酸アニオン等の脂肪族スルホン酸アニオン、芳香族スルホン酸アニオン、及び、カンファースルホン酸アニオン等)、カルボン酸アニオン(脂肪族カルボン酸アニオン、芳香族カルボン酸アニオン、及び、アラルキルカルボン酸アニオン等)、及び、トリス(アルキルスルホニル)メチドアニオンが挙げられる。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、又は、アルキル基を表し、複数存在する場合のR1及びR2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Lは、2価の連結基を表し、複数存在する場合のLは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Aは、環状の有機基を表す。
xは1~20の整数を表し、yは0~10の整数を表し、zは0~10の整数を表す。
Xfのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基におけるアルキル基の炭素数は、1~10が好ましく、1~4がより好ましい。また、Xfのフッ素原子で置換されたアルキル基は、パーフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。
Xfは、フッ素原子又は炭素数1~4のパーフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。Xfは、例えば、フッ素原子、CF3、C2F5、C3F7、C4F9、CH2CF3、CH2CH2CF3、CH2C2F5、CH2CH2C2F5、CH2C3F7、CH2CH2C3F7、CH2C4F9、及び、CH2CH2C4F9等が挙げられ、中でも、フッ素原子、又は、CF3が好ましい。特に、双方のXfがフッ素原子であるのが好ましい。
R1及びR2は、フッ素原子又はCF3が好ましい。
yは0~4の整数が好ましく、0がより好ましい。
zは0~5の整数が好ましく、0~3の整数がより好ましい。
Lの2価の連結基としては、例えば、-COO-、-CO-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、アルケニレン基、及び、これらの複数が連結した連結基等が挙げられ、総炭素数12以下の連結基が好ましい。中でも、-COO-、-CO-、又は、-O-が好ましく、-COO-がより好ましい。
脂環基は、単環でも多環でもよく、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、及び、シクロオクチル基等の単環のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、その他にも、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の多環のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。中でも、ノルボルニル基、トリシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロデカニル基、テトラシクロドデカニル基、及び、アダマンチル基等の炭素数7以上のかさ高い構造を有する脂環基が、露光後加熱工程での膜中拡散性を抑制でき、MEEF(Mask Error Enhancement Factor)向上の点から好ましい。
芳香環基としては、例えば、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、フェナンスレン環、及び、アントラセン環等が挙げられる。
複素環基としては、例えば、フラン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾフラン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ジベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾチオフェン環、及び、ピリジン環等由来の基が挙げられる。中でも、フラン環、チオフェン環、又は、ピリジン環由来の基が好ましい。
また、好ましい具体例として以下の化合物が挙げられる。下記化合物において、可能な場合、アニオンとカチオンとは任意に交換できる。
光酸発生剤は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。
レジスト組成物は、酸拡散制御剤として、(C)活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して酸捕捉性が低下する化合物であって、アニオン性酸捕捉性基を有し、非イオン性の酸捕捉性基を有さず、且つ、フッ素原子をアニオン部に含有するイオン性化合物(イオン性化合物(C)、光崩壊性クエンチャー、又は光崩壊性クエンチャー(C)ともいう)を含む。
イオン性化合物(C)は、露光時に光酸発生剤(B)等から発生する酸をトラップし、余分な発生酸による、未露光部における樹脂(A)の反応を抑制するクエンチャーとして作用する。
イオン性化合物(C)から発生する酸のpKaと、光酸発生剤(B)から発生する酸のpKaとの差(イオン性化合物(C)から発生する酸のpKaから光酸発生剤(B)から発生する酸のpKaを引いた値)は、1.00以上が好ましく、1.00~10.00が好ましく、1.00~5.00がより好ましく、1.00~3.00が更に好ましい。
また、イオン性化合物(C)から発生する酸のpKaは、使用する光酸発生剤(B)の種類によっても異なるが、例えば、-4.00~14.00が好ましく、-2.00~12.00がより好ましく、-1.00~5.00が更に好ましい。
また、イオン性化合物(C)が有する酸捕捉性基は、アニオン性であり、アミノ基のような凝集性を高める非イオン性の酸捕捉性基を有さない。これによって、さらに凝集を抑制することが可能となる。
RC1は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
LC1は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
但し、RC1、及びLC1の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
RC1は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
RC1がシクロアルキル基を表す場合のシクロアルキル基としては、炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。シクロアルキル基は単環でも多環でもよい。
シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、デカリニル基、及びアダマンチル基が挙げられ、アダマンチル基であることが好ましい。
アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基が挙げられ、フェニル基であることが好ましい。
フッ素原子を有する基としては、フッ素置換アルキル基、又はフッ素置換シクロアルキル基が好ましい。
フッ素置換アルキル基としては、炭素数1~5のフッ化アルキル基が好ましい。具体的には、トリフルオロメチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、ノナフルオロブチル基等が挙げられ、トリフルオロメチル基であることが好ましい。
フッ素置換シクロアルキル基としては、炭素数3~15のフッ化シクロアルキル基が好ましい。具体的には、フッ化シクロヘキシル基、フッ化シクロペンチル基、フッ化アダマンチル基等が挙げられ、フッ化シクロヘキシル基であることが好ましい。
アルキル基としては、鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~5のアルキル基が挙げられる。
フッ素原子以外のハロゲン原子としては、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子が挙げられる。
LC1は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~20のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、i-プロピレン基、n-ブチレン基、n-ペンチレン基等が挙げられ、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、又はn-ブチレン基が好ましい。
炭素数3~20の単環又は多環のシクロアルキレン基としては、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、シクロペンチレン基、シクロヘプチレン基、ノルボニレン基等が挙げられ、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、ノルボニレン基が好ましい。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
MC +は、下記一般式(ZcI)又は一般式(ZcII)で表されるカチオンであることが好ましい。
RC01、RC02、及びRC03は、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表す。
RC04、及びRC05は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基、アルキル基、又はシクロアルキル基を表す。
RC01、RC02、及びRC03は、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表す。
RC01、RC02、及びRC03としての有機基の炭素数は、通常1~30であり、1~20が好ましい。また、RC01~RC03のうち2つが結合して環構造を形成してもよく、環内に酸素原子、硫黄原子、エステル基、アミド基、又は、カルボニル基を含んでいてもよい。RC01~RC03の内の2つが結合して形成する基としては、例えば、アルキレン基(例えば、ブチレン基、ペンチレン基)、及び、-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-が挙げられる。
RC04、及びRC05は、それぞれ独立に、アリール基、アルキル基、又は、シクロアルキル基を表す。
RC04、及びRC05のアリール基は、フェニル基、又は、ナフチル基が好ましく、フェニル基がより好ましい。RC04、及びRC05のアリール基は、酸素原子、窒素原子、又は、硫黄原子等を有するヘテロ環を有するアリール基であってもよい。ヘテロ環を有するアリール基の骨格としては、例えば、ピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、ベンゾフラン、及び、ベンゾチオフェン等が挙げられる。
RC04、及びRC05のアルキル基及びシクロアルキル基は、炭素数1~10の直鎖状アルキル基又は炭素数3~10の分岐鎖状アルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、又はペンチル基)、又は、炭素数3~10のシクロアルキル基(例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、又はノルボルニル基)が好ましい。
RC2は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
LC2は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
但し、RC2、及びLC2の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
RC2は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
RC2がシクロアルキル基を表す場合のシクロアルキル基としては、炭素数3~15のシクロアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数5~10のシクロアルキル基がより好ましい。シクロアルキル基は単環でも多環でもよい。
シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、ノルボルニル基、デカリニル基、及びアダマンチル基が挙げられ、アダマンチル基であることが好ましい。
アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基が挙げられ、フェニル基であることが好ましい。
LC2は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~20のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、i-プロピレン基、n-ブチレン基、n-ペンチレン基等が挙げられ、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、又はn-ブチレン基が好ましい。
炭素数3~20の単環又は多環のシクロアルキレン基としては、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、シクロペンチレン基、シクロヘプチレン基、ノルボニレン基等が挙げられ、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、ノルボニレン基が好ましい。
上記RC2がシクロアルキル基を表す場合、LC2は、アルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基であることが好ましく、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されたアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基であることが好ましい。
MC +は、上記一般式(ZcI)又は上記一般式(ZcII)で表されるカチオンであることが好ましい。
AC31、及びAC32は、それぞれ独立に、-SO2-RPC1、又は-CO-RPC2を表す。
RPC1、及びRPC2は、有機基を表す。
但し、AC31、及びAC32の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
RPC1、及びRPC2は、有機基を表す。
RPC1、及びRPC2は、それぞれ、-LC31-RC31、及び-LC32-RC32で表されることが好ましい。
RC31、又はRC32がアルキル基を表す場合のアルキル基としては、鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキル基がより好ましい。
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基等が挙げられ、メチル基、又はエチル基が好ましく、メチル基がより好ましい。
シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロヘキシル基、ノルボルニル基、デカリニル基、及びアダマンチル基が挙げられ、シクロヘキシル基又はアダマンチル基であることが好ましい。
上記シクロアルキル基の環員原子である炭素原子のうちの1個以上が、カルボニル炭素原子で置き換わっていてもよい。
LC31、及びLC32は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表すことが好ましい。
鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~20のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、i-プロピレン基、n-ブチレン基、n-ペンチレン基等が挙げられ、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、又はn-ブチレン基が好ましい。
炭素数3~20の単環又は多環のシクロアルキレン基としては、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、シクロペンチレン基、シクロヘプチレン基、ノルボニレン基等が挙げられ、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、ノルボニレン基が好ましい。
MC +は、上記一般式(ZcI)又は一般式(ZcII)で表されるカチオンであることが好ましい。
イオン性化合物(C)は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。
本発明のレジスト組成物において、光酸発生剤(B)と、イオン性化合物(C)は、同一の化合物であってもよい。この場合の化合物とは、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生し、活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して酸捕捉性が低下する化合物であり、アニオン性酸捕捉性基を有し、非イオン性の酸捕捉性基を有さず、且つ、フッ素原子をアニオン部に含有するイオン性化合物(D)(イオン性化合物(D)、光酸発生剤連結型クエンチャー、又は光酸発生剤連結型クエンチャー(D)ともいう)である。言い換えると、イオン性化合物(D)は、光酸発生剤(B)に相当する機能を有する構造と、イオン性化合物(C)に相当する機能を有する構造とを持ち合せている化合物である。
イオン性化合物(D)は、下記一般式(PD)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
MD1 +、及びMD2 +は、それぞれ独立に、有機カチオンを表す。
LDは、2価の有機基を表す。
AD1 -、及びBD1 -は、それぞれ独立に、酸アニオン基を表す。
但し、一般式(PD)で表される化合物のMD1 +及びMD2 +がそれぞれ水素原子で置換されたHAD1-LD-BD1Hで表される化合物において、HAD1で表される基のpKaは、BD1Hで表される基のpKaよりも低い。
そのため、レジスト膜が露光された際にも、レジスト膜中で生じる酸の量及び拡散が均一になりやすく、現像後に得られるパターンの幅が安定する、と本発明者らは推測している。
MD1 +及びMD2 +の有機カチオンは、それぞれ独立に、上記一般式(ZcI)又は一般式(ZcII)で表されるカチオンであることが好ましい。
上記2価の有機基としては、例えば、-COO-、-CONH-、-CO-、アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~6。直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい)、シクロアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数3~15)、アルケニレン基(好ましくは炭素数2~6)、及び、これらの複数を組み合わせた2価の連結基等が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキレン基のシクロアルカン環を構成するメチレン基の1個以上が、カルボニル炭素及び/又は酸素原子で置き換わっていてもよい。
これらの2価の連結基は、更に、-O-、-S-、-SO-、及び、-SO2-からなる群から選択される基を有するのも好ましい。
*AD-LDA-LDB-LDC-LDD-LDE-*BD(LD)
一般式(LD)中、*BDは、一般式(PD)におけるBD1 -との結合位置を表す。
上記XADは、1以上の整数を表し、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
RD LA1及びRD LA2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
RD LA1及びRD LA2の置換基は、それぞれ独立に、フッ素原子又はフルオロアルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子又はパーフルオロアルキル基がより好ましく、フッ素原子又はパーフルオロメチル基が更に好ましい。
XADが2以上の場合、XAD個存在するRD LA1は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
XADが2以上の場合、XAD個存在するRD LA2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
-(C(RD LA1)(RD LA2))-は、-CH2-、-CHF-、-CH(CF3)-、又は、-CF2-が好ましい。
中でも、一般式(PD)中のAD1 -と直接結合する-(C(RD LA1)(RD LA2))-は、-CH2-、-CHF-、-CH(CF3)-、又は、-CF2-が好ましい。
一般式(PD)中のAD1 -と直接結合する-(C(RD LA1)(RD LA2))-以外の-(C(RD LA1)(RD LA2))-は、それぞれ独立に、-CH2-、-CHF-、又は、-CF2-が好ましい。
上記アルキレン基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキレン基の炭素数は、1~5が好ましく、1~2がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい上記シクロアルキレン基の炭素数は、3~15が好ましく、5~10がより好ましい。
上記シクロアルキレン基は単環でも多環でもよい。
上記シクロアルキレン基としては、例えば、ノルボルナンジイル基、及びアダマンタンジイル基が挙げられる。
上記シクロアルキレン基が有してもよい置換基は、アルキル基(直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。好ましくは炭素数1~5)が好ましい。
上記シクロアルキレン基のシクロアルカン環を構成するメチレン基の1個以上が、カルボニル炭素及び/又はヘテロ原子(酸素原子等)で置き換わっていてもよい。
LDCが、「-アルキレン基-シクロアルキレン基-」の場合、アルキレン基部分は、LDB側に存在するのが好ましい。
LDBが単結合の場合、LDCは、単結合又はシクロアルキレン基が好ましい。
上記-(C(RD LE1)(RD LE2))XE D-におけるXEDは、1以上の整数を表し、1~10が好ましく、1~3がより好ましい。
RD LE1及びRD LE2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は置換基を表す。
XEDが2以上の場合、XED個存在するRD LE1は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
XEDが2以上の場合、XED個存在するRD LE2は、それぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
中でも、-(C(RD LE1)(RD LE2))-は、-CH2-が好ましい。一般式(LD)中、LDB、LDC、及びLDDが単結合の場合、LDEも単結合であるのが好ましい。
酸アニオン基は、アニオン原子を有する基である。
AD1 -は、具体的には、一般式(AD-1)~(AD-2)のいずれかで表される基であるのが好ましい。
一般式(AD-2)中、RADは、有機基を表す。
RADは、アルキル基が好ましい。
上記アルキル基は、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよい。
上記アルキル基の炭素数は1~10が好ましく、1~5がより好ましい。
上記アルキル基が有してもよい置換基は、フッ素原子が好ましい。
置換基としてフッ素原子を有する上記アルキル基は、パーフルオロアルキル基となっていてもよいし、ならなくてもよい。
BD1 -は、一般式(BD-1)~(BD-3)のいずれかで表される基が好ましく、一般式(BD-1)~(BD-2)のいずれかで表される基がより好ましい。
RBDは、それぞれ独立に、有機基を表す。
LBDは、それぞれ独立に。単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
*は、結合位置を表す。
RBDがアルキル基を表す場合のアルキル基としては、鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~10のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキル基がより好ましい。
アルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基等が挙げられ、メチル基、又はエチル基が好ましく、メチル基がより好ましい。
シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、シクロペンチル基、ノルボルニル基、デカリニル基、及びアダマンチル基が挙げられる。
アリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、ナフチル基が挙げられ、フェニル基であることが好ましい。
鎖状又は分岐状の炭素数1~20のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、i-プロピレン基、n-ブチレン基、n-ペンチレン基等が挙げられ、メチレン基、エチレン基、n-プロピレン基、又はn-ブチレン基が好ましい。
炭素数3~20の単環又は多環のシクロアルキレン基としては、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、シクロペンチレン基、シクロヘプチレン基、ノルボニレン基等が挙げられ、アダマンチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基、ノルボニレン基が好ましい。
より具体的には、HAD1-LD-BD1Hで表される化合物について酸解離定数を求めた場合において、「HAD1-LD-BD1H」が「AD1 --LD-BD1H」となる際のpKaを「HAD1で表される基のpKa」とし、更に、「AD1 --LD-BD1H」が「AD1 --LD-BD1 -」となる際のpKaを「BD1Hで表される基のpKa」とする。
「HAD1で表される基のpKa」及び「BD1Hで表される基のpKa」は、それぞれ、上記の通り、「ソフトウェアパッケージ1」又は「Gaussian16」を用いて求める。
中でも、HAD1で表される基のpKaは、-12.00~1.00が好ましく、-7.00~0.50がより好ましく、-5.00~0.00が更に好ましい。
BD1Hで表される基のpKaは、-4.00~14.00が好ましく、-2.00~12.00がより好ましく、-1.00~5.00が更に好ましい。
BD1Hで表される基のpKaとHAD1で表される基のpKaとの差(「BD1Hで表される基のpKa」-「HAD1で表される基のpKa」)は、0.10~20.00が好ましく、0.50~17.00がより好ましく、2.00~15.00が更に好ましい。
イオン性化合物(D)は、1種単独で使用してもよく、2種以上を使用してもよい。
本発明のレジスト組成物における、光酸発生剤(B)、又はイオン性化合物(C)に相当する化合物の含有形態としては、具体的には以下の態様が挙げられる。
(ii)イオン性化合物(D)
(iii)イオン性化合物(D)+イオン性化合物(D)以外の光酸発生剤(B)
(iv)イオン性化合物(D)+イオン性化合物(D)以外のイオン性化合物(C)
(v)イオン性化合物(D)+イオン性化合物(D)以外の光酸発生剤(B)+イオン性化合物(D)以外のイオン性化合物(C)
上記(iv)において、イオン性化合物(D)は光酸発生剤(B)として機能する必要があり、この場合、イオン性化合物(C)から発生する酸のpKaが、イオン性化合物(D)における光酸発生剤(B)に相当する機能を有する構造から発生する酸のpKaよりも大きくなる。
上記(v)においては、イオン性化合物(D)は光酸発生剤(B)として機能しても、イオン性化合物(C)として機能してもよい。光酸発生剤(B)として機能する場合には、イオン性化合物(C)から発生する酸のpKaが、イオン性化合物(D)における光酸発生剤(B)に相当する機能を有する構造から発生する酸のpKaよりも大きくなる。イオン性化合物(C)として機能する場合には、イオン性化合物(D)におけるイオン性化合物(C)に相当する機能を有する構造から発生する酸のpKaが、光酸発生剤(B)から発生する酸のpKaよりも大きくなる。
レジスト組成物は、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲において、イオン性化合物(C)、イオン性化合物(D)以外の酸拡散制御剤(その他の酸拡散制御剤(E)、酸拡散制御剤(E)ともいう)を更に含んでいてもよい。酸拡散制御剤は、光酸発生剤から生じた酸をトラップするクエンチャーとして作用し、レジスト膜中における酸の拡散現象を制御する役割を果たす。
酸拡散制御剤(E)は、例えば、塩基性化合物であってもよい。
塩基性化合物は、下記一般式(A)~一般式(E)で示される構造を有する化合物が好ましい。
R203、R204、R205及びR206は、同一でも異なってもよく、炭素数1~20のアルキル基を表す。
これら一般式(A)及び一般式(E)中のアルキル基は、無置換であるのがより好ましい。
また、アミン化合物は、オキシアルキレン基を有するのが好ましい。オキシアルキレン基の数は、分子内に1以上が好ましく、3~9がより好ましく、4~6が更に好ましい。オキシアルキレン基の中でもオキシエチレン基(-CH2CH2O-)、又は、オキシプロピレン基(-CH(CH3)CH2O-若しくはCH2CH2CH2O-)が好ましく、オキシエチレン基がより好ましい。
アンモニウム塩化合物は、オキシアルキレン基を有するのが好ましい。オキシアルキレン基の数は、分子内に1以上が好ましく、3~9がより好ましく、4~6が更に好ましい。オキシアルキレン基の中でもオキシエチレン基(-CH2CH2O-)、又は、オキシプロピレン基(-CH(CH3)CH2O-、又は、-CH2CH2CH2O-)が好ましく、オキシエチレン基がより好ましい。
アンモニウム塩化合物のアニオンとしては、例えば、ハロゲン原子、スルホネート、ボレート、及び、フォスフェート等が挙げられ、中でも、ハロゲン原子、又は、スルホネートが好ましい。ハロゲン原子は、塩素原子、臭素原子、又は、ヨウ素原子が好ましい。スルホネートは、炭素数1~20の有機スルホネートが好ましい。有機スルホネートとしては、例えば、炭素数1~20のアルキルスルホネート、及び、アリールスルホネートが挙げられる。アルキルスルホネートのアルキル基は置換基を有していてもよく、置換基としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、アルコキシ基、アシル基、及び、芳香環基等が挙げられる。アルキルスルホネートとしては、例えば、メタンスルホネート、エタンスルホネート、ブタンスルホネート、ヘキサンスルホネート、オクタンスルホネート、ベンジルスルホネート、トリフルオロメタンスルホネート、ペンタフルオロエタンスルホネート、及び、ノナフルオロブタンスルホネート等が挙げられる。アリールスルホネートのアリール基としてはベンゼン環基、ナフタレン環基、及び、アントラセン環基が挙げられる。ベンゼン環基、ナフタレン環基、及び、アントラセン環基が有し得る置換基は、炭素数1~6の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基、又は、炭素数3~6のシクロアルキル基が好ましい。直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基、及び、シクロアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ヘキシル基、及び、シクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。他の置換基としては、例えば、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アシル基、及び、アシルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
フェノキシ基の置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、カルボン酸基、カルボン酸エステル基、スルホン酸エステル基、アリール基、アラルキル基、アシルオキシ基、及び、アリールオキシ基等が挙げられる。置換基の置換位は、2~6位のいずれであってもよい。置換基の数は、1~5のいずれであってもよい。
レジスト組成物は、酸拡散制御剤として、プロトンアクセプター性官能基を有し、かつ、活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解してプロトンアクセプター性が低下若しくは消失、又はプロトンアクセプター性から酸性に変化した化合物を発生する化合物であって、上記イオン性化合物(C)及びイオン性化合物(D)に該当しない化合物(以下、化合物(PA)ともいう)を含んでいてもよい。
酸の作用により脱離する基は、アセタール基、カルボネート基、カルバメート基、3級エステル基、3級水酸基、又は、ヘミアミナールエーテル基が好ましく、カルバメート基、又は、ヘミアミナールエーテル基がより好ましい。
低分子化合物の分子量は、100~1000が好ましく、100~700がより好ましく、100~500が更に好ましい。
低分子化合物は、窒素原子上に保護基を有するカルバメート基を有してもよい。
酸拡散制御剤(E)は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を使用してもよい。
レジスト組成物は、上記樹脂(A)とは別に、樹脂(A)とは異なる疎水性樹脂を含んでいてもよい。
疎水性樹脂はレジスト膜の表面に偏在するように設計されるのが好ましいが、界面活性剤とは異なり、必ずしも分子内に親水基を有する必要はなく、極性物質及び非極性物質の均一な混合に寄与しなくてもよい。
疎水性樹脂の添加による効果として、水に対するレジスト膜表面の静的及び動的な接触角の制御、並びに、アウトガスの抑制等が挙げられる。
フッ素原子を有するアルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~10、より好ましくは炭素数1~4)は、少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換された直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基であり、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子を有するシクロアルキル基は、少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換された単環又は多環のシクロアルキル基であり、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子を有するアリール基としては、例えば、フェニル基、及び、ナフチル基等のアリール基の少なくとも1つの水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたものが挙げられ、更にフッ素原子以外の置換基を有していてもよい。
フッ素原子又は珪素原子を有する繰り返し単位としては、例えば、US2012/0251948A1の段落[0519]に例示された繰り返し単位が挙げられる。
ここで、疎水性樹脂中の側鎖部分が有するCH3部分構造は、エチル基、及び、プロピル基等が有するCH3部分構造を含むものである。
一方、疎水性樹脂の主鎖に直接結合しているメチル基(例えば、メタクリル酸構造を有する繰り返し単位のα-メチル基)は、主鎖の影響により疎水性樹脂の表面偏在化への寄与が小さいため、本発明におけるCH3部分構造には含めない。
レジスト組成物は、溶剤を含んでいてもよい。
溶剤は、(M1)プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルカルボキシレート、並びに、(M2)プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル、乳酸エステル、酢酸エステル、アルコキシプロピオン酸エステル、鎖状ケトン、環状ケトン、ラクトン、及び、アルキレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つの少なくとも一方を含んでいるのが好ましい。なお、この溶剤は、成分(M1)及び(M2)以外の成分を更に含んでいてもよい。
プロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテルは、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)、及び、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(PGEE)が好ましい。
乳酸エステルは、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、又は、乳酸プロピルが好ましい。
酢酸エステルは、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、酢酸イソブチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸イソアミル、蟻酸メチル、蟻酸エチル、蟻酸ブチル、蟻酸プロピル、又は、酢酸3-メトキシブチルが好ましい。
また、酪酸ブチルも好ましい。
アルコキシプロピオン酸エステルは、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル(MMP)、又は、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル(EEP)が好ましい。
鎖状ケトンは、1-オクタノン、2-オクタノン、1-ノナノン、2-ノナノン、アセトン、2-ヘプタノン、4-ヘプタノン、1-ヘキサノン、2-ヘキサノン、ジイソブチルケトン、フェニルアセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、アセチルアセトン、アセトニルアセトン、イオノン、ジアセトニルアルコール、アセチルカービノール、アセトフェノン、メチルナフチルケトン、又は、メチルアミルケトンが好ましい。
環状ケトンは、メチルシクロヘキサノン、イソホロン、シクロペンタノン、又は、シクロヘキサノンが好ましい。
ラクトンは、γ-ブチロラクトンが好ましい。
アルキレンカーボネートは、プロピレンカーボネートが好ましい。
このような成分(M2)は、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(fp:47℃)、乳酸エチル(fp:53℃)、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル(fp:49℃)、メチルアミルケトン(fp:42℃)、シクロヘキサノン(fp:44℃)、酢酸ペンチル(fp:45℃)、2-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸メチル(fp:45℃)、γ-ブチロラクトン(fp:101℃)、又は、プロピレンカーボネート(fp:132℃)が好ましい。これらのうち、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、乳酸エチル、酢酸ペンチル、又は、シクロヘキサノンがより好ましく、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、又は、乳酸エチルが更に好ましい。
なお、ここで「引火点」とは、東京化成工業株式会社又はシグマアルドリッチ社の試薬カタログに記載されている値を意味している。
つまり、溶剤は、成分(M1)と成分(M2)との双方を含む場合、成分(M2)に対する成分(M1)の質量比は、15/85以上が好ましく、40/60以上がより好ましく、60/40以上が更に好ましい。このような構成を採用すると、現像欠陥数を更に減少させられる。
なお、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。
固形分濃度とは、レジスト組成物の総質量に対する、溶剤を除く他の成分の質量の質量百分率である。
「全固形分」とは、レジスト組成物の全組成から溶剤を除いた成分の総質量をいう。また、「固形分」とは、上述のように、溶剤を除いた成分であり、例えば、25℃において固体であっても、液体であってもよい。
レジスト組成物は、界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。界面活性剤を含むと、密着性により優れ、現像欠陥のより少ないパターンを形成できる。
界面活性剤は、フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤が好ましい。フッ素系及び/又はシリコン系界面活性剤としては、例えば、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の段落[0276]に記載の界面活性剤が挙げられる。また、エフトップEF301、又は、EF303(新秋田化成(株)製);フロラードFC430、431、及び、4430(住友スリーエム(株)製);メガファックF171、F173、F176、F189、F113、F110、F177、F120、及び、R08(DIC(株)製);サーフロンS-382、SC101、102、103、104、105又は106(旭硝子(株)製);トロイゾルS-366(トロイケミカル(株)製);GF-300又はGF-150(東亜合成化学(株)製)、サーフロンS-393(セイミケミカル(株)製);エフトップEF121、EF122A、EF122B、RF122C、EF125M、EF135M、EF351、EF352、EF801、EF802又はEF601((株)ジェムコ製);PF636、PF656、PF6320、及び、PF6520(OMNOVA社製);KH-20(旭化成(株)製);FTX-204G、208G、218G、230G、204D、208D、212D、218D、及び、222D((株)ネオス製)を用いてもよい。なお、ポリシロキサンポリマーKP-341(信越化学工業(株)製)も、シリコン系界面活性剤として使用できる。
また、米国特許出願公開第2008/0248425号明細書の段落[0280]に記載されているフッ素系及び/又はシリコン系以外の界面活性剤を使用してもよい。
レジスト組成物は、溶解阻止化合物、染料、可塑剤、光増感剤、光吸収剤、及び/又は、現像液に対する溶解性を促進させる化合物(例えば、分子量1000以下のフェノール化合物、又はカルボン酸基を含んだ脂環族若しくは脂肪族化合物)を更に含んでいてもよい。
本発明の組成物は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により反応して性質が変化する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。更に詳しくは、本発明の組成物は、IC(Integrated Circuit)等の半導体製造工程、液晶若しくはサーマルヘッド等の回路基板の製造、インプリント用モールド構造体の作製、その他のフォトファブリケーション工程、又は平版印刷版、若しくは酸硬化性組成物の製造に使用される感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。本発明において形成されるパターンは、エッチング工程、イオンインプランテーション工程、バンプ電極形成工程、再配線形成工程、及びMEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)等において使用できる。
本発明は、本発明の感活性光線又は感放射線性組成物により形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜(「レジスト膜」ともいう)にも関する。このような膜は、例えば、本発明の組成物が基板等の支持体上に塗布されることにより形成される。この膜の厚みは、0.02~0.1μmが好ましい。
基板上に塗布する方法としては、スピンコート、ロールコート、フローコート、ディップコート、スプレーコート、ドクターコート等の適当な塗布方法により基板上に塗布されるが、スピン塗布が好ましく、その回転数は1000~3000rpm(rotations per minute)が好ましい。塗布膜は60~150℃で1~20分間、好ましくは80~120℃で1~10分間プリベークして薄膜を形成する。
被加工基板及びその最表層を構成する材料は、例えば、半導体用ウエハの場合、シリコンウエハを用いることができ、最表層となる材料の例としては、Si、SiO2、SiN、SiON、TiN、WSi、BPSG、SOG、有機反射防止膜等が挙げられる。
上記レジスト組成物を用いたパターン形成方法の手順は特に制限されないが、以下の工程を有するのが好ましい。
工程1:レジスト組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程
工程2:レジスト膜を(好ましくはEUV光で)露光する工程
工程3:現像液を用いて、露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程
以下、上記それぞれの工程の手順について詳述する。
工程1は、レジスト組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程である。レジスト組成物の定義は、上述の通りである。
なお、塗布前にレジスト組成物を必要に応じてフィルター濾過するのが好ましい。フィルターのポアサイズは、0.1μm以下が好ましく、0.05μm以下がより好ましく、0.03μm以下が更に好ましい。また、フィルターは、ポリテトラフロロエチレン製、ポリエチレン製、又は、ナイロン製が好ましい。
レジスト組成物の塗布後、基板を乾燥し、レジスト膜を形成してもよい。なお、必要により、レジスト膜の下層に、各種下地膜(無機膜、有機膜、反射防止膜)を形成してもよい。
トップコート組成物は、レジスト膜と混合せず、更にレジスト膜上層に均一に塗布できるのが好ましい。
また、トップコートの形成前にレジスト膜を乾燥させるのが好ましい。次いで、得られたレジスト膜上に、上記レジスト膜の形成方法と同様の手段によりトップコート組成物を塗布し、更に乾燥して、トップコートを形成できる。
トップコートの膜厚は、10~200nmが好ましく、20~100nmがより好ましく、40~80nmが更に好ましい。
トップコートについては、特に限定されず、従来公知のトップコートを、従来公知の方法によって形成でき、例えば、特開2014-059543号公報の段落[0072]~[0082]の記載に基づいてトップコートを形成できる。
例えば、特開2013-61648号公報に記載されたような塩基性化合物を含むトップコートを、レジスト膜上に形成するのが好ましい。トップコートが含み得る塩基性化合物の具体的な例は、後述するレジスト組成物が含んでいてもよい塩基性化合物が挙げられる。
また、トップコートは、エーテル結合、チオエーテル結合、水酸基、チオール基、カルボニル結合、及び、エステル結合からなる群より選択される基又は結合を少なくとも一つ含む化合物を含むのが好ましい。
工程2は、レジスト膜を(好ましくはEUV光で)露光する工程である。
露光の方法としては、例えば、形成したレジスト膜に所定のマスクを通してEUV光を照射する方法が挙げられる。
加熱温度は80~150℃が好ましく、80~140℃がより好ましく、80~130℃が更に好ましい。
加熱時間は10~1000秒が好ましく、10~180秒がより好ましく、30~120秒が更に好ましい。
加熱は通常の露光機及び/又は現像機に備わっている手段で実施でき、ホットプレート等を用いて行ってもよい。
この工程は露光後ベークともいう。
工程3は、現像液を用いて、露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程である。
現像液は、アルカリ現像液であっても、有機溶剤を含有する現像液(以下、有機系現像液ともいう)であってもよい。
また、現像を行う工程の後に、他の溶剤に置換しながら、現像を停止する工程を実施してもよい。
現像時間は未露光部の樹脂が十分に溶解する時間であれば特に制限はなく、10~300秒が好ましく、20~120秒がより好ましい。
現像液の温度は0~50℃が好ましく、15~35℃がより好ましい。
有機系現像液に対する有機溶剤の含有量は、現像液の全量に対して、50質量%以上100質量%以下が好ましく、80質量%以上100質量%以下がより好ましく、90質量%以上100質量%以下が更に好ましく、95質量%以上100質量%以下が特に好ましい。
上記パターン形成方法は、工程3の後に、リンス液を用いて洗浄する工程を含むのが好ましい。
炭化水素系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤、及びエーテル系溶剤の例としては、有機溶剤を含む現像液において説明したものと同様のものが挙げられる。
また、本発明のパターン形成方法は、リンス工程の後に加熱工程(Post Bake)を含んでいてもよい。本工程により、ベークによりパターン間及びパターン内部に残留した現像液及びリンス液が除去される。また、本工程により、レジストパターンがなまされ、パターンの表面荒れが改善される効果もある。リンス工程の後の加熱工程は、通常40~250℃(好ましくは90~200℃)で、通常10秒間~3分間(好ましくは30秒間~120秒間)行う。
基板(または、下層膜及び基板)の加工方法は特に限定されないが、工程3で形成されたパターンをマスクとして、基板(または、下層膜及び基板)に対してドライエッチングを行うことにより、基板にパターンを形成する方法が好ましい。
ドライエッチングは、1段のエッチングであっても、複数段からなるエッチングであってもよい。エッチングが複数段からなるエッチングである場合、各段のエッチングは同一の処理であっても異なる処理であってもよい。
エッチングは、公知の方法をいずれも使用でき、各種条件等は、基板の種類又は用途等に応じて、適宜、決定される。例えば、国際光工学会紀要(Proc.of SPIE)Vol.6924,692420(2008)、特開2009-267112号公報等に準じて、エッチングを実施できる。また、「半導体プロセス教本 第4版 2007年刊行発行人:SEMIジャパン」の「第4章エッチング」に記載の方法に準ずることもできる。
中でも、ドライエッチングは、酸素プラズマエッチングが好ましい。
レジスト組成物の製造においては、例えば、樹脂、及び、光酸発生剤等の各成分を溶剤に溶解させた後、素材が異なる複数のフィルターを用いて循環濾過を行うのが好ましい。例えば、孔径50nmのポリエチレン製フィルター、孔径10nmのナイロン製フィルター、孔径3nmのポリエチレン製フィルターを順列に接続し、10回以上循環濾過を行うのが好ましい。フィルター間の圧力差は小さい程好ましく、一般的には0.1MPa以下であり、0.05MPa以下が好ましく、0.01MPa以下がより好ましい。フィルターと充填ノズルの間の圧力差も小さい程好ましく、一般的には0.5MPa以下であり、0.2MPa以下が好ましく、0.1MPa以下がより好ましい。
レジスト組成物の製造装置の内部は、窒素等の不活性ガスによってガス置換を行うのが好ましい。これにより、酸素等の活性ガスのレジスト組成物中への溶解を抑制できる。
レジスト組成物はフィルターによって濾過された後、清浄な容器に充填される。容器に充填されたレジスト組成物は、冷蔵保存されるのが好ましい。これにより、経時による性能劣化が抑制される。組成物の容器への充填が完了してから、冷蔵保存を開始するまでの時間は短い程好ましく、一般的には24時間以内であり、16時間以内が好ましく、12時間以内がより好ましく、10時間以内が更に好ましい。保存温度は0~15℃が好ましく、0~10℃がより好ましく、0~5℃が更に好ましい。
薬液配管としては、例えば、SUS(ステンレス鋼)、又は、帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、若しくは、フッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、又は、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂等)で被膜された各種配管を使用できる。フィルター及びO-リングに関しても同様に、帯電防止処理の施されたポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、又は、フッ素樹脂(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、又は、パーフロオロアルコキシ樹脂等)を使用できる。
形成されるパターンがトレンチ(溝)パターン状又はコンタクトホールパターン状である場合、パターン高さをトレンチ幅又はホール径で割った値で求められるアスペクト比が、4.0以下が好ましく、3.5以下がより好ましく、3.0以下が更に好ましい。
本発明の電子デバイスは、電気電子機器(家電、OA(Office Automation)、メディア関連機器、光学用機器及び通信機器等)に、好適に、搭載されるものである。
〔樹脂(A)〕
表3に示される樹脂A(樹脂A-1~A-19、A’-1~A’-3)を以下に示す。
樹脂A-1~A-19、A’-1~A’-3は、後述する樹脂A-1の合成方法(合成例1)に準じて合成したものを用いた。表1に、後掲に示される各繰り返し単位の組成比(質量%比;左から順に対応)、重量平均分子量(Mw)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)を示す。
なお、樹脂A-1~A-19、A’-1~A’-3の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した。また、樹脂の組成比(質量%比)は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
なお、樹脂A’-1~A’-3は、樹脂(A)ではないが、便宜上、表1の樹脂(A)に記載した。
シクロヘキサノン(226g)を窒素気流下にて80℃に加熱した。この液を攪拌しながら、下記式M-1で表されるモノマー(20g)、下記式M-2で表されるモノマー(50g)、下記式M-3で表されるモノマー(10g)、下記式M-4で表されるモノマー(20g)、シクロヘキサノン(420g)、及び2,2’-アゾビスイソ酪酸ジメチル〔V-601、和光純薬工業(株)製〕(12.42g)の混合溶液を6時間かけて滴下し、反応液を得た。滴下終了後、反応液を80℃にて更に2時間攪拌した。得られた反応液を放冷後、多量のメタノール/水(質量比9:1)で再沈殿した後、ろ過し、得られた固体を真空乾燥することで、樹脂A-1を83g得た。
<光酸発生剤(B)>
表3に示される光酸発生剤(B)(化合物B-1~B-9)の構造を以下に示す。
<光崩壊性クエンチャー(C)>
表3に示される光崩壊性クエンチャー(C)(化合物C-1~C-12、及びC’-1)の構造を以下に示す。
なお、化合物C’-1は、光崩壊性クエンチャー(C)ではないが、便宜上記載した。
<光酸発生剤連結型光崩壊性クエンチャー(D)>
表3に示される光酸発生剤連結型光崩壊性クエンチャー(D)(化合物D-1~D-5)の構造を以下に示す。
表3に示される酸拡散制御剤(E)(化合物E-1~E-6)の構造を以下に示す。
表3に示される樹脂(F)(樹脂F-1~F-6)を以下に示す。
樹脂F-1~F-6は、前述する樹脂A-1の合成方法(合成例1)に準じて合成したものを用いた。表2に、後掲に示される各繰り返し単位の組成比(質量%比;左から順に対応)、重量平均分子量(Mw)、及び分散度(Mw/Mn)を示す。
なお、樹脂F-1~F-6の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分散度(Mw/Mn)はGPC(溶剤キャリア:テトラヒドロフラン(THF))により測定した(ポリスチレン換算量である)。また、樹脂の組成比(質量%比)は、13C-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)により測定した。
表3に示される界面活性剤を以下に示す。
H-1:メガファックF176(DIC(株)製、フッ素系界面活性剤)
H-2:メガファックR08(DIC(株)製、フッ素及びシリコン系界面活性剤)
H-3:PF656(OMNOVA社製、フッ素系界面活性剤)
表3に示される溶剤を以下に示す。
G-1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)
G-2:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)
G-3:プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル(PGEE)
G-4:シクロヘキサノン
G-5:シクロペンタノン
G-6:2-ヘプタノン
G-7:乳酸エチル
G-8:γ-ブチロラクトン
G-9:プロピレンカーボネート
表3に示す各成分を固形分濃度が2.0質量%になるように混合した。次いで、得られた混合液を、最初に孔径50nmのポリエチレン製フィルター、次に孔径10nmのナイロン製フィルター、最後に孔径5nmのポリエチレン製フィルターの順番で通液させて濾過して、レジスト組成物(Re-1~Re-30、Re’-1~Re’-6)を調製した。
なお、固形分とは、溶剤以外の全ての成分を意味する。得られたレジスト組成物を、実施例及び比較例で使用した。
また、表中、「量」欄は、各成分の、レジスト組成物中の全固形分に対する含有量(質量%)を示す。
〔EUV露光、有機溶剤現像〕
直径12インチのシリコンウエハ上に下層膜形成用組成物AL412(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚20nmの下地膜を形成した。その上に、表2に示すレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚30nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
EUV露光装置(Exitech社製、Micro Exposure Tool、NA0.3、Quadrupol、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用いて、得られたレジスト膜を有するシリコンウエハに対して、得られるパターンの平均ライン幅が20nmになるようにパターン照射を行った。なお、レクチルとしては、ラインサイズ=20nmであり、且つ、ライン:スペース=1:1であるマスクを用いた。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、酢酸n-ブチルで30秒間現像し、これをスピン乾燥してネガ型のパターンを得た。
<経時前のラインウィズスラフネス(経時前LWR性能、nm)>
上述の方法で得られたパターンを測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM((株)日立製作所S-9380II))を使用してパターン上部から観察した。パターンの線幅を250箇所で観測し、その測定ばらつきを3σで評価し、LWR(nm)とした。LWRの値が小さいほど経時前LWR性能が良好である。
なお、経時前LWR性能の評価においては、調製直後のレジスト組成物を用いてパターンを形成して評価に供した。
また経時前LWR(nm)は、5.0nm以下、4.7nm以下、4.4nm以下、4.1nm以下、3.8nm以下、3.5nm、3.2nm以下の順で好ましい。
上述の方法で得られたパターンを測長走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM((株)日立製作所S-9380II))を使用してパターン上部から観察した。パターンの線幅を250箇所で観測し、その測定ばらつきを3σで評価し、LWR(nm)とした。LWRの値が小さいほど経時後LWR性能が良好である。
なお、経時後LWR性能の評価においては、調製してから、室温(25℃)の暗室にて180日間保存した後のレジスト組成物を用いてパターンを形成して評価に供した。
また経時後LWR(nm)は、5.0nm以下、4.7nm以下、4.4nm以下、4.1nm以下、3.8nm以下、3.5nm、3.2nm以下の順で好ましい。
上述の方法で得られたパターンを、UVision5(AMAT社製)及びSEMVisionG4(AMAT社製)を使用して、シリコンウエハ1枚当たりの欠陥数を数えて、以下の評価基準に従って、評価した。欠陥数が少ないほど欠陥抑制性が良好である。
なお、欠陥抑制性の評価においては、調製直後のレジスト組成物を用いてレジスト膜を形成し、塗布、ベーク後すぐにEUV露光を行いパターンを形成した。
「A」:欠陥数が50個以下
「B」:欠陥数が50個超100個以下
「C」:欠陥数が100個超200個以下
「D」:欠陥数が200個超300個以下
「E」:欠陥数が300個超400個以下
「F」:欠陥数が400個超500個以下
「G」:欠陥数が500個超600個以下
「H」:欠陥数が600個超700個以下
「I」:欠陥数が700個超800個以下
「J」:欠陥数が800個超900個以下
「K」:欠陥数が900個超1000個以下
「L」:欠陥数が1000個超1100個以下
「M」:欠陥数が1100個超1200個以下
「N」:欠陥数が1200個超1300個以下
「O」:欠陥数が1300個超1400個以下
上述の方法で得られたパターンを、UVision5(AMAT社製)及びSEMVisionG4(AMAT社製)を使用して、シリコンウエハ1枚当たりの欠陥数を数えて、以下の評価基準に従って、評価した。欠陥数が少ないほど欠陥抑制性が良好である。
なお、欠陥抑制性の評価においては、調製直後のレジスト組成物を用いてレジスト膜を形成し、塗布、ベーク後のレジスト膜を室温(25℃)の暗室にて48時間保存した後にEUV露光を行いパターンを形成した。
評価指標としては、上記「A」~「O」を用いた。
直径12インチのシリコンウエハ上に下層膜形成用組成物AL412(Brewer Science社製)を塗布し、205℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚20nmの下地膜を形成した。その上に、表4に示すレジスト組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間ベークして、膜厚30nmのレジスト膜を形成した。
EUV露光装置(Exitech社製、Micro Exposure Tool、NA0.3、Quadrupol、アウターシグマ0.68、インナーシグマ0.36)を用いて、得られたレジスト膜を有するシリコンウエハに対して、得られるパターンの平均ライン幅が20nmになるようにパターン照射を行った。なお、レクチルとしては、ラインサイズ=20nmであり、且つ、ライン:スペース=1:1であるマスクを用いた。
露光後のレジスト膜を90℃で60秒間ベークした後、テトラメチルアンモニウムハイドロオキサイド水溶液(2.38質量%)で30秒間現像し、次いで純水で30秒間リンスした。その後、これをスピン乾燥してポジ型のパターンを得た。
得られたポジ型のパターンを用いて、上述したのと同様に、経時前後のLWR性能及び引き置き前後の欠陥抑制性の評価を行った。
また、本発明によれば、上記感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いる感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法を提供できる。
本出願は、2019年12月27日出願の日本特許出願(特願2019-239614)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (14)
- (A)下記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する繰り返し単位(a1)を含有する樹脂と、
(B)活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物と、
(C)活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して酸捕捉性が低下する化合物であって、アニオン性酸捕捉性基を有し、非イオン性の酸捕捉性基を有さず、且つ、フッ素原子をアニオン部に含有するイオン性化合物と、を含有する感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(1)中、
na1は1以上の整数を表す。
R1~R4はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、ハロゲン原子、又は水酸基を表す。na1が2以上の整数を表す場合、複数のR1及びR2は、それぞれ同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。
*は結合位置を表す。 - 前記樹脂(A)が、さらに酸基を有する繰り返し単位(a2)を含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記繰り返し単位(a2)中の酸基が、フェノール性水酸基又はフッ化アルキルアルコール基である、請求項3に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記イオン性化合物(C)が、下記一般式(C1)~(C3)のいずれかで表される化合物である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(C1)中、
RC1は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
LC1は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
但し、RC1、及びLC1の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
一般式(C2)中、
RC2は、シクロアルキル基、又はアリール基を表す。
LC2は、単結合、アルキレン基、シクロアルキレン基、-O-、-C(=O)-、又はこれらを組み合わせてなる2価の連結基を表す。
但し、RC2、及びLC2の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。
一般式(C3)中、
AC31、及びAC32は、それぞれ独立に、-SO2-RPC1、又は-CO-RPC2を表す。
RPC1、及びRPC2は、有機基を表す。
但し、AC31、及びAC32の少なくとも一方は、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
MC +は、有機カチオンを表す。 - 前記活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(B)と、前記イオン性化合物(C)が、同一の化合物であって、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生し、活性光線又は放射線の照射により分解して酸捕捉性が低下する化合物であり、アニオン性酸捕捉性基を有し、非イオン性の酸捕捉性基を有さず、且つ、フッ素原子をアニオン部に含有するイオン性化合物(D)である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記イオン性化合物(D)が、下記一般式(PD)で表される化合物である請求項7に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
一般式(PD)中、
MD1 +、及びMD2 +は、それぞれ独立に、有機カチオンを表す。
LDは、2価の有機基を表す。
AD1 -、及びBD1 -は、それぞれ独立に、酸アニオン基を表す。
LD、AD1 -、及びBD1 -の少なくともいずれかは、フッ素原子又はフッ素原子を有する基で置換されている。
但し、一般式(PD)で表される化合物のMD1 +及びMD2 +がそれぞれ水素原子で置換されたHAD1-LD-BD1Hで表される化合物において、HAD1で表される基のpKaは、BD1Hで表される基のpKaよりも低い。 - 前記イオン性化合物(D)以外に、前記活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(B)及び前記イオン性化合物(C)の少なくとも一方を含有する、請求項7又は8に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記イオン性化合物(C)が、カチオン部にフッ素原子を有する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 前記活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物(B)が、カチオン部にフッ素原子を有する、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成された感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて、基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程と、
前記レジスト膜を露光する工程と、
現像液を用いて、前記露光されたレジスト膜を現像し、パターンを形成する工程と、を有するパターン形成方法。 - 請求項13に記載のパターン形成方法を含む、電子デバイスの製造方法。
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| EP20905953.4A EP4083081A4 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2020-12-07 | ACTINIC-SENSITIVE OR RADIATION-SENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION, ACTINIC-SENSITIVE OR RADIATION-SENSITIVE FILM, PATTERN FORMING METHOD AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE FABRICATION METHOD |
| CN202080089460.XA CN114902138B (zh) | 2019-12-27 | 2020-12-07 | 感光化射线性或感放射线性树脂组合物、感光化射线性或感放射线性膜、图案形成方法及电子器件的制造方法 |
| JP2021567173A JP7379536B2 (ja) | 2019-12-27 | 2020-12-07 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、感活性光線性又は感放射線性膜、パターン形成方法、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
| KR1020227020241A KR102770050B1 (ko) | 2019-12-27 | 2020-12-07 | 감활성광선성 또는 감방사선성 수지 조성물, 감활성광선성 또는 감방사선성막, 패턴 형성 방법, 및 전자 디바이스의 제조 방법 |
| US17/836,536 US20230004086A1 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2022-06-09 | Actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive film, pattern forming method, and method for manufacturing electronic device |
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| TW202124472A (zh) | 2021-07-01 |
| KR20220104753A (ko) | 2022-07-26 |
| CN114902138A (zh) | 2022-08-12 |
| US20230004086A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
| EP4083081A4 (en) | 2023-02-15 |
| EP4083081A1 (en) | 2022-11-02 |
| TWI864192B (zh) | 2024-12-01 |
| CN114902138B (zh) | 2025-07-01 |
| KR102770050B1 (ko) | 2025-02-20 |
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