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WO2021112744A1 - Low-chromium white iron alloy comprising rare-earth - Google Patents

Low-chromium white iron alloy comprising rare-earth Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021112744A1
WO2021112744A1 PCT/SE2020/051145 SE2020051145W WO2021112744A1 WO 2021112744 A1 WO2021112744 A1 WO 2021112744A1 SE 2020051145 W SE2020051145 W SE 2020051145W WO 2021112744 A1 WO2021112744 A1 WO 2021112744A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alloy
white iron
product
melt
rare
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2020/051145
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Henrik BORGSTRÖM
Stefan Virtanen
Hans Karlsson
Sören Johansson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bruzaholms Bruk AB
Original Assignee
Bruzaholms Bruk AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bruzaholms Bruk AB filed Critical Bruzaholms Bruk AB
Priority to EP20897173.9A priority Critical patent/EP4069878A4/en
Publication of WO2021112744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021112744A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a low-chromium white iron alloy.
  • Low-chromium white iron alloys are generally known. However, a problem is often the rather edgy carbide crystals formed within the alloy, which may increase the brittleness of the alloy product.
  • a white iron alloy comprising rare-earth (RE) element.
  • the alloy comprises RE of 0.01-0.6 wt%, Cr of 1-2 wt%, C of 2.5-4.2 wt%, Ni of 3-5 wt%, Si of 0.2-2 wt%, Mn of 0.5-1 wt%, at most 1 wt% of impurities, and a balance of Fe.
  • a method of preparing a white iron alloy comprising RE element comprises adding an RE powder to a metal melt whereby a white iron alloy melt comprising RE is formed.
  • the alloy melt comprises RE of 0.01-0.6 wt%, Cr of 1-2 wt%, C of 2.5-4.2 wt%, Ni of 3-5 wt%, Si of 0.2-2 wt%, Mn of 0.5-1 wt%, at most 1 wt% of impurities, and a balance of Fe.
  • a white iron product made from an embodiment of the alloy, or alloy melt, of the present disclosure, wherein the white iron product is or comprises any of a dispersing disc, a grinding disc, a refiner disc, an abrasion resistant plate, a mixing blade, a mixing arm or a cutting blade, preferably a refiner disc and an abrasion resistant plate.
  • the at most 1 wt% of impurities typically comprises a plurality of compounds other than those specified herein as part of the alloy or alloy melt, such as copper (Cu) resulting from using scrap metal as an iron source.
  • Each of said compounds of impurity, e.g. Cu is typically present in an amount of less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.2 wt%, less than 0.1 wt% or less than 0.05 wt% of the alloy or alloy melt.
  • RE in an amount within the range of 0.01-0.6 wt% in the alloy results in finer and more rounded carbide crystal structures. The carbide crystals are more rounded and thus prevent crack formation in the alloy product.
  • the low chromium content results mainly in M 3 C carbide formation, where M is metal such as Fe and/or Cr to form Fe 3 C and/or Cr 3 C, i.e. cementite.
  • RE is used to round off Cr 3 C carbide crystals in a white iron alloy.
  • the amount of RE in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 0.05-0.6 wt% or o.1-0.5 wt%, preferably within the range of o.2-0.4 wt% which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
  • the amount of chromium (Cr) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 1.6-2 wt%, which may be a preferred range in some embodiments.
  • the amount of carbon (C) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 3.5-4 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
  • the amount of nickel (Ni) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 3.5-4 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments. In low-chromium alloys, a relatively high amount of nickel may be advantageous.
  • the amount of silicon (Si) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 0.3-1 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
  • the amount of manganese (Mn) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 0.6-0.8 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
  • the amount of impurities is preferably at most 1 wt%.
  • the at most 1 wt% of impurities typically comprises a plurality of compounds other than those specifically specified herein as part of the alloy or alloy melt, e.g. copper (Cu) resulting from using scrap metal as an iron source.
  • Each of said compounds comprised in the at most 1 wt% of impurities, e.g. Cu is typically present in an amount of less than 0.5 wt% or less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt% or less than 0.05 wt% of the alloy or alloy melt.
  • the RE comprises or consists of cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La) and/or yttrium (Y), preferably Ce (which is easily obtainable).
  • the balance of the alloy, product or alloy melt is Fe.
  • the alloy, product or alloy melt comprises Fe within the range of 80-90 wt%.
  • RE powder is added to the metal melt to produce the alloy melt of the present disclosure.
  • the RE powder may have a particle size distribution between 0.2 and 7 mm.
  • the RE powder may have an RE content within the range of 25-40 wt%.
  • the RE powder may comprise or consist of mischmetal.
  • the alloy melt may be used for casting a product, to obtain a white iron product.
  • the casting is preferably by line forming, shell forming, hand forming or by 3D-printed moulds or cores. Line forming maybe preferred, but shell forming has been seen to give primary austenite formation which may be desirable in some embodiments.
  • the white iron product is or comprises any of a dispersing disc, a grinding disc, a refiner disc, an abrasion resistant plate, a mixing blade, a mixing arm or a cutting blade, preferably a refiner disc and an abrasion resistant plate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a low-chromium white iron alloy comprising rare-earth (RE) element. The alloy comprises RE of 0.01-0.6 wt%, Cr of 1-2 wt%, C of 2.5-4.2 wt%, Ni of 3-5 wt%, Si of 0.2-2 wt%, Mn of 0.5-1 wt%, at most 1 wt% of impurities, and a balance of Fe. The invention also relates to a white iron product made from the alloy. Further, the invention relates to a method comprising adding an RE powder to a metal melt comprising Cr, C, Ni, Si, Mn, and Fe as above, whereby a white iron alloy melt comprising RE is formed.

Description

LOW-CHROMIUM WHITE IRON ALLOY COMPRISING RARE-EARTH TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a low-chromium white iron alloy.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Low-chromium white iron alloys are generally known. However, a problem is often the rather edgy carbide crystals formed within the alloy, which may increase the brittleness of the alloy product.
SUMMARY
[0003] It is an objective of the present invention to provide an improved low- chromium white iron alloy.
[0004] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a white iron alloy comprising rare-earth (RE) element. The alloy comprises RE of 0.01-0.6 wt%, Cr of 1-2 wt%, C of 2.5-4.2 wt%, Ni of 3-5 wt%, Si of 0.2-2 wt%, Mn of 0.5-1 wt%, at most 1 wt% of impurities, and a balance of Fe.
[0005] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing a white iron alloy comprising RE element. The method comprises adding an RE powder to a metal melt whereby a white iron alloy melt comprising RE is formed. The alloy melt comprises RE of 0.01-0.6 wt%, Cr of 1-2 wt%, C of 2.5-4.2 wt%, Ni of 3-5 wt%, Si of 0.2-2 wt%, Mn of 0.5-1 wt%, at most 1 wt% of impurities, and a balance of Fe.
[0006] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a white iron product made from an embodiment of the alloy, or alloy melt, of the present disclosure, wherein the white iron product is or comprises any of a dispersing disc, a grinding disc, a refiner disc, an abrasion resistant plate, a mixing blade, a mixing arm or a cutting blade, preferably a refiner disc and an abrasion resistant plate.
[0007] The at most 1 wt% of impurities typically comprises a plurality of compounds other than those specified herein as part of the alloy or alloy melt, such as copper (Cu) resulting from using scrap metal as an iron source. Each of said compounds of impurity, e.g. Cu, is typically present in an amount of less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.2 wt%, less than 0.1 wt% or less than 0.05 wt% of the alloy or alloy melt. [0008] It has now been found by the inventors that the inclusion of RE in an amount within the range of 0.01-0.6 wt% in the alloy results in finer and more rounded carbide crystal structures. The carbide crystals are more rounded and thus prevent crack formation in the alloy product. The low chromium content results mainly in M3C carbide formation, where M is metal such as Fe and/or Cr to form Fe3C and/or Cr3C, i.e. cementite.
[0009] Different chromium carbides are formed at different chromium contents of an alloy. In steel alloys with up to about 13 wt% Cr, Cr substitutes Fe in some of the carbide phase cementite (M3C, where M is metal, here Fe or Cr), forming a Cr3C carbide phase which is desired for some applications.
[0010] Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, RE is used to round off Cr3C carbide crystals in a white iron alloy.
[0011] It is to be noted that any feature of any of the aspects may be applied to any other aspect, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the aspects may apply to any of the other aspects. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed disclosure, from the attached dependent claims as well as from the drawings.
[0012] Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] Embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter. However, other embodiments in many different forms are possible within the scope of the present disclosure. Rather, the following embodiments are provided by way of example so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0014] In some embodiments, the amount of RE in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 0.05-0.6 wt% or o.1-0.5 wt%, preferably within the range of o.2-0.4 wt% which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
[0015] In some embodiments, the amount of chromium (Cr) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 1.6-2 wt%, which may be a preferred range in some embodiments. [0016] In some embodiments, the amount of carbon (C) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 3.5-4 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
[0017] In some embodiments, the amount of nickel (Ni) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 3.5-4 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments. In low-chromium alloys, a relatively high amount of nickel may be advantageous.
[0018] In some embodiments, the amount of silicon (Si) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 0.3-1 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
[0019] In some embodiments, the amount of manganese (Mn) in the alloy, product or alloy melt is within the range of 0.6-0.8 wt%, which maybe a preferred range in some embodiments.
[0020] There is typically a small amount of inevitable impurities in the alloy, product or alloy melt, e.g. if the iron (Fe) is from scrap metal. The amount of impurities is preferably at most 1 wt%. The at most 1 wt% of impurities typically comprises a plurality of compounds other than those specifically specified herein as part of the alloy or alloy melt, e.g. copper (Cu) resulting from using scrap metal as an iron source. Each of said compounds comprised in the at most 1 wt% of impurities, e.g. Cu, is typically present in an amount of less than 0.5 wt% or less than 0.2 wt%, preferably less than 0.1 wt% or less than 0.05 wt% of the alloy or alloy melt.
[0021] In some embodiments, the RE comprises or consists of cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La) and/or yttrium (Y), preferably Ce (which is easily obtainable).
[0022] The balance of the alloy, product or alloy melt is Fe. In some embodiments, the alloy, product or alloy melt comprises Fe within the range of 80-90 wt%.
[0023] RE powder is added to the metal melt to produce the alloy melt of the present disclosure. The RE powder may have a particle size distribution between 0.2 and 7 mm. The RE powder may have an RE content within the range of 25-40 wt%. The RE powder may comprise or consist of mischmetal.
[0024] The alloy melt may be used for casting a product, to obtain a white iron product. The casting is preferably by line forming, shell forming, hand forming or by 3D-printed moulds or cores. Line forming maybe preferred, but shell forming has been seen to give primary austenite formation which may be desirable in some embodiments.
[0025] In some embodiments, the white iron product is or comprises any of a dispersing disc, a grinding disc, a refiner disc, an abrasion resistant plate, a mixing blade, a mixing arm or a cutting blade, preferably a refiner disc and an abrasion resistant plate.
[0026] The present disclosure has mainly been described above with reference to a few embodiments. However, as is readily appreciated by a person skilled in the art, other embodiments than the ones disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the present disclosure, as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A white iron alloy comprising rare-earth, RE, element, the alloy comprising:
RE: 0.01-0.6 wt%, preferably o.2-0.4 wt%,
Cr: 1-2 wt%, preferably 1.6-2 wt%,
C: 2.5~4.2 wt%, preferably 3.5-4 wt%,
Ni: 3-5 wt%, preferably 3.5-4 wt%,
Si: 0.2-2 wt%, preferably 0.3-1 wt%,
Mn: 0.5-1 wt%, preferably 0.6-0.8 wt%, at most 1 wt% of impurities, and a balance of Fe.
2. The alloy of any preceding claim, wherein the RE comprises or consists of Ce, La and/or Y, preferably Ce.
3. The alloy of any preceding claim, comprising Fe within the range of 80-90 wt%.
4. A method of preparing a white iron alloy comprising rare-earth, RE, element, the method comprising: adding an RE powder to a metal melt whereby a white iron alloy melt comprising RE is formed, the alloy melt comprising:
RE: 0.01-0.6 wt%, preferably o.2-0.4 wt%,
Cr: 1-2 wt%, preferably 1.6-2 wt%,
C: 2.5~4.2 wt%, preferably 3.5-4 wt%,
Ni: 3-5 wt%, preferably 3.5-4 wt%,
Si: 0.2-2 wt%, preferably 0.3-1 wt%,
Mn: 0.5-1 wt%, preferably 0.6-0.8 wt%, at most 1 wt% of impurities, and a balance of Fe.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the RE powder has a particle size distribution between 0.2 and 7 mm.
6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the RE powder has an RE content within the range of 25-40 wt%.
7. The method of any claim 4-6, wherein the RE powder comprises or consists of mischmetal.
8. The method of any claim 4-7, further comprising: with the alloy melt, casting a product, preferably by line forming, shell forming, hand forming or by 3D-printed moulds or cores, e.g. by line forming, to obtain a white iron product.
9. A white iron product made from the alloy of any claim 1-3.
10. The product of claim 9, wherein the product is or comprises any of a dispersing disc, a grinding disc, a refiner disc, an abrasion resistant plate, a mixing blade, a mixing arm or a cutting blade, preferably a refiner disc and an abrasion resistant plate.
PCT/SE2020/051145 2019-12-05 2020-11-30 Low-chromium white iron alloy comprising rare-earth Ceased WO2021112744A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20897173.9A EP4069878A4 (en) 2019-12-05 2020-11-30 LOW CHROMIUM WHITE IRON ALLOY WITH RARE EARTHS

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1951404A SE543605C2 (en) 2019-12-05 2019-12-05 Low-chromium white iron alloy comprising rare-earth
SE1951404-1 2019-12-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021112744A1 true WO2021112744A1 (en) 2021-06-10

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1988911A (en) * 1926-10-21 1935-01-22 Int Nickel Co Chill cast iron alloy
GB1181972A (en) * 1966-01-12 1970-02-18 Erik Arne Sabel The Manufacture of Abrasive Wear and Shock Resistant Elements
DE2140022A1 (en) * 1971-08-10 1973-02-15 Buderus Eisenwerk Cast iron - use of cerium additions to cause spheroidisation

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1988910A (en) * 1926-10-21 1935-01-22 Int Nickel Co Chill cast iron alloy
CN106119680B (en) * 2016-07-15 2018-07-27 中水淮河规划设计研究有限公司 A kind of rare earth alloy cast iron of seawater corrosion resistance
CN107574359A (en) * 2017-09-04 2018-01-12 湖北金标通用轧辊有限公司 A kind of low-alloy composite roll and its manufacture method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1988911A (en) * 1926-10-21 1935-01-22 Int Nickel Co Chill cast iron alloy
GB1181972A (en) * 1966-01-12 1970-02-18 Erik Arne Sabel The Manufacture of Abrasive Wear and Shock Resistant Elements
DE2140022A1 (en) * 1971-08-10 1973-02-15 Buderus Eisenwerk Cast iron - use of cerium additions to cause spheroidisation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP4069878A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE1951404A1 (en) 2021-04-13
SE543605C2 (en) 2021-04-13
EP4069878A4 (en) 2024-07-10
EP4069878A1 (en) 2022-10-12

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