WO2020241384A1 - 二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法、二次電池用正極の製造方法、及び、二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法、二次電池用正極の製造方法、及び、二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a slurry composition for a positive electrode for a secondary battery, a method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery, and a method for producing a secondary battery.
- Non-aqueous secondary batteries such as lithium-ion secondary batteries (hereinafter, may be simply abbreviated as "secondary batteries") are small and lightweight, have high energy density, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged. Yes, it is used for a wide range of purposes.
- the secondary battery generally includes a battery member such as an electrode (positive electrode and negative electrode) and a separator that separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode used in a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery usually includes a current collector and an electrode mixture layer (positive electrode mixture layer) formed on the current collector. Then, the positive electrode mixture layer is formed by using, for example, a slurry composition obtained by dispersing a positive electrode active material and a binder composition containing a binder in a dispersion medium.
- Patent Document 1 a polymerization unit having a nitrile group, an aromatic vinyl polymerization unit, a polymerization unit having a hydrophilic group, and a binder containing a linear alkylene polymerization unit having 4 or more carbon atoms, and A slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 exemplifies various lithium-containing composite metal oxides as the positive electrode active material contained in the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery. Then, in Patent Document 1, various attributes are actually verified by combining lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) as a positive electrode active material with a predetermined binder.
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt oxide
- the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery is required to have little change in viscosity with time, that is, to have high viscosity stability. Furthermore, it is required that the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery has a solid content that is difficult to settle even after a certain period of time has passed after the preparation, that is, has excellent settling resistance.
- the present inventors have conducted diligent studies for the purpose of solving the above problems. Then, in preparing the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery, the present inventors contain a nitrile group-containing monomer unit and a linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms, and use a predetermined method.
- the viscosity stability and viscosity stability of the slurry composition obtained by blending a polymer such that the pH of the extracted extract is 3.5 or more and less than 6.0 and a positive electrode active material satisfying a predetermined composition
- the present invention has been completed by newly discovering that the settling resistance can be improved.
- the present invention aims to advantageously solve the above problems, and the method for producing a slurry composition for a positive electrode of a secondary battery of the present invention contains an organic solvent, a positive electrode active material, and a nitrile group.
- a method for producing a slurry composition for a positive electrode of a secondary battery which comprises a polymer containing a monomer unit and a linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms, wherein the polymer is 8% by mass N-methyl-.
- the pH of the extract obtained when the 2-pyrrolidone solution is diluted 10-fold with ion-exchanged water is 3.5 or more and less than 6.0, and the positive electrode active material is represented by the following formula (I).
- M is an element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Cr, V, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zr, Zn, Si, Y, Nb, Ga, Sn, Mo, W, and combinations thereof.
- X is a halogen element, and ⁇ , ⁇ , a, b, c and d satisfy the following conditions (1) to (8). 0.90 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.5 ... (1) 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.1 ... (2) 0.55 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.9 ... (3) 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.45 ...
- the polymer having a predetermined unit and having a pH of the extract obtained according to a predetermined method having a pH of 3.5 or more and less than 6.0 and a nickel content ratio satisfying a predetermined composition By blending with a high positive electrode active material, a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode having excellent viscosity stability and sediment resistance can be obtained.
- the polymer contains a monomer unit means "a structural unit derived from a monomer is contained in the polymer obtained by using the monomer".
- containing a linear alkylene structural unit means that the polymer is composed only of a linear alkylene structure represented by the general formula: -C n H 2n- [where n is an integer of 4 or more]. Means that it contains repeating units.
- the presence / absence and content ratio of the monomer unit and the structural unit in the polymer can be determined or measured by, for example, 1 H-NMR. Then, the pH of the extract of the polymer can be measured according to the method described in Examples. Further, the composition of the positive electrode active material can be analyzed using an ICP (Inductively coupled plasma) emission spectroscopic analyzer.
- ICP Inductively coupled plasma
- the iodine value of the polymer is preferably 3 g / 100 g or more and 60 g / 100 g or less.
- the resistance of the obtained secondary battery can be reduced.
- the iodine value of the polymer can be measured according to JIS K6235 (2006).
- the polymer further contains an aromatic vinyl monomer unit.
- the polymer contains an aromatic vinyl monomer unit, a slurry composition for a positive electrode of a secondary battery having further excellent viscosity stability can be obtained.
- the polymer further contains a hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit. If the polymer contains a hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit, a slurry composition for a positive electrode of a secondary battery having further excellent sediment resistance can be obtained.
- the present invention also aims to advantageously solve the above problems, and the method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention follows the method for producing a slurry composition for a positive electrode for a secondary battery described above.
- the slurry composition manufacturing step for manufacturing the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the next battery and the slurry composition obtained in the slurry composition manufacturing step are applied to at least one surface of the current collector and dried to dry the positive electrode mixture layer. It is characterized by including a step of forming the above. According to the manufacturing method including such a step, it is possible to efficiently manufacture a positive electrode for a secondary battery capable of exhibiting excellent battery characteristics in the secondary battery.
- the present invention aims to advantageously solve the above problems, and the method for manufacturing a secondary battery of the present invention is to manufacture a secondary battery containing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolytic solution.
- the method is characterized by including a step of manufacturing the positive electrode according to the method described above. According to such a method for manufacturing a secondary battery, a secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics can be efficiently manufactured.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a method for producing a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode, which is excellent in viscosity stability and sediment resistance. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery capable of forming a secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics.
- the method for producing a slurry composition for a positive electrode of a secondary battery of the present invention is used when producing a slurry composition used in the production of a secondary battery. Then, the method for producing a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode of the present invention can be carried out within the method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention. Further, the method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention can be carried out within the method for manufacturing a secondary battery of the present invention.
- the method for producing a slurry composition for a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention includes an organic solvent, a high nickel-based positive electrode active material having a high nickel content and satisfying a predetermined composition described later, a nitrile group-containing monomer unit, and a nitrile group-containing monomer unit.
- This is a method for producing a slurry composition for use.
- the extract of the polymer is obtained by diluting the polymer 10 times with ion-exchanged water as an 8 mass% N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution.
- a conductive material and other components can be optionally used in producing the slurry composition.
- the predetermined polymer is mainly a component that can function to enhance the sedimentation resistance and viscosity stability of the slurry composition.
- the polymer has solubility in an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone which may be contained in the slurry composition.
- the polymer may function as a binder.
- “the polymer functions as a binder” means that in the positive electrode mixture layer formed by using the slurry composition, the polymer is a positive electrode mixture of components such as a positive electrode active material and a conductive material. It means that it functions to hold the material layer so that it does not come off.
- the polymer needs to contain a nitrile group-containing monomer unit and a linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms. Further, the polymer preferably contains at least one of an aromatic vinyl monomer unit and a hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit, and more preferably contains both. The polymer may optionally contain other monomer units as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Further, the polymer is a hydrogenated weight obtained by hydrogenating a polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing at least a nitrile group-containing monomer and a conjugated diene monomer by a known method. It is preferably coalesced.
- the nitrile group-containing monomer unit is a repeating unit derived from the nitrile group-containing monomer. Since the polymer contains a nitrile group-containing monomer unit, it is highly soluble in an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the viscosity of the obtained slurry composition can be satisfactorily increased. it can.
- examples of the nitrile group-containing monomer capable of forming the nitrile group-containing monomer unit include ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer.
- the ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is an ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated compound having a nitrile group, and for example, acrylonitrile; ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile, Examples thereof include ⁇ -halogenoacrylonitrile such as ⁇ -bromoacrylonitrile; ⁇ -alkylacrylonitrile such as methacrylonitrile and ⁇ -ethylacrylonitrile; Among these, as the nitrile group-containing monomer, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile are preferable, and acrylonitrile is more preferable. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in the polymer is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, and more preferably 20% by mass when all the repeating units in the polymer are 100% by mass. It is more preferably mass% or more, preferably 45 mass% or less, more preferably 40 mass% or less, still more preferably 35 mass% or less.
- the solubility of the polymer in an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is appropriately increased, and the slurry composition It is possible to appropriately increase the viscosity. Further, if the content ratio of the nitrile group-containing monomer unit in the polymer is not more than the above upper limit value, the sedimentation resistance of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced.
- Linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms A linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “alkylene structural unit”) is represented by the general formula: -C n H 2n- [where n is an integer of 4 or more]. It is a repeating unit composed only of a linear alkylene structure. Since the polymer has a linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms, the sedimentation resistance of the obtained slurry composition can be enhanced.
- the method for introducing the linear alkylene structural unit into the polymer is not particularly limited, but for example, the following method (1) or (2): (1) A method of converting a conjugated diene monomer unit into a linear alkylene structural unit by preparing a polymer from a monomer composition containing a conjugated diene monomer and hydrogenating the polymer (2). ) A method of preparing a polymer from a monomer composition containing a 1-olefin monomer such as 1-butene and 1-hexene can be mentioned. These conjugated diene monomers and 1-olefin monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, the method (1) is preferable because the polymer can be easily produced.
- conjugated diene monomer examples include conjugated diene such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, and 1,3-pentadiene.
- conjugated diene such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, and 1,3-pentadiene.
- examples include compounds. Of these, 1,3-butadiene is preferable. That is, the linear alkylene structural unit is preferably a structural unit obtained by hydrogenating a conjugated diene monomer unit (conjugated diene hydride unit), and is a structural unit obtained by hydrogenating 1,3-butadiene units. It is more preferably (1,3-butadiene hydride unit). Then, hydrogenation can be carried out by using a known method as described later.
- the content ratio of the linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms in the polymer is 100% by mass when all the repeating units (total of the structural unit and the monomer unit) in the polymer are 100% by mass, It is preferably 0% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, further preferably 25% by mass or more, preferably 65% by mass or less, and more preferably 55% by mass or less. It is preferably 45% by mass or less, and more preferably 45% by mass or less.
- the solubility of the polymer in an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is appropriately increased, and the viscosity of the slurry composition is appropriate. It becomes possible to increase to. As a result, it is possible to satisfactorily form a positive electrode by using the obtained slurry composition, and it is possible to increase the initial efficiency of the secondary battery provided with such a positive electrode.
- the hydrogenated polymer when the polymer is a hydrogenated polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer composition containing a conjugated diene and hydrogenating the polymer, the hydrogenated polymer may be used. It may include linear alkylene structural units and units derived from other conjugated diene (eg, including unhydrogenated conjugated diene units). In this case, the total content ratio of the linear alkylene structural unit and other units derived from the conjugated diene in the hydrogenated polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as "content ratio of the unit derived from the conjugated diene") is ".
- the content ratio of the linear alkylene structural unit is preferably within the range of the above-mentioned suitable content ratio.
- the aromatic vinyl monomer unit is a repeating unit derived from the aromatic vinyl monomer. If the polymer contains an aromatic vinyl monomer unit, the viscosity stability of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced.
- examples of the monomer capable of forming an aromatic vinyl polymerization unit include aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and vinyltoluene.
- aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and vinyltoluene.
- styrene is preferable because it has good copolymerizability with other monomers and has relatively small side reactions such as branching, chaining, and intermolecular cross-linking of the polymer.
- the content ratio of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the polymer is preferably 15% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and 55% by mass, when all the repeating units in the polymer are 100% by mass. % Or less is preferable, 45% by mass or less is more preferable, and 40% by mass or less is further preferable.
- the content ratio of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the polymer is at least the above lower limit value, the viscosity stability of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced. Further, if the content ratio of the aromatic vinyl monomer unit in the polymer is not more than the above upper limit value, the sedimentation resistance of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced.
- the hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit is a monomer unit derived from a monomer containing a hydrophilic group such as an acidic group and a hydroxyl group.
- a hydrophilic group such as an acidic group and a hydroxyl group.
- the acidic group include a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, and a phosphoric acid group.
- the various monomers that can be used to form the above-mentioned nitrile group-containing monomer unit, aromatic vinyl monomer unit, and linear alkylene structural unit include carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, and phosphoric acids. It does not contain hydrophilic groups such as groups and hydroxyl groups.
- the sedimentation resistance of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced. If the slurry composition has excellent sedimentation resistance, it is possible to form a homogeneous positive electrode mixture layer having a good conductive network by using such a slurry composition, and the resistance of the obtained secondary battery is reduced. can do.
- Examples of the monomer having a carboxylic acid group include monocarboxylic acid and its derivative, dicarboxylic acid and its acid anhydride, and their derivatives.
- Examples of the monocarboxylic acid include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid.
- Examples of the monocarboxylic acid derivative include 2-ethylacrylic acid, isocrotonic acid, ⁇ -acetoxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -trans-aryloxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloro- ⁇ -E-methoxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -diaminoacrylic acid and the like.
- Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid.
- dicarboxylic acid derivative examples include methyl maleic acid, dimethyl maleic acid, phenyl maleic acid, chloromaleic acid, dichloromaleic acid, fluoromaleic acid, methylallyl maleate, diphenyl maleate, nonyl maleate, decyl maleate, and dodecyl maleate. , Octadecil maleate, fluoroalkyl maleate and the like.
- acid anhydride of the dicarboxylic acid include maleic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methyl maleic anhydride, and dimethyl maleic anhydride.
- an acid anhydride that produces a carboxyl group by hydrolysis can also be used.
- monoesters and diesters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenic unsaturated polyvalent carboxylic acids such as monobutyl itaconate and dibutyl itaconate.
- Examples of the monomer having a sulfonic acid group include vinyl sulfonic acid, methyl vinyl sulfonic acid, (meth) allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, ethyl (meth) acrylic acid-2-sulfonate, and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl. Examples thereof include propanesulfonic acid and 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid. In the present invention, "(meth) allyl” means allyl and / or methallyl.
- Examples of the monomer having a phosphoric acid group include -2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, methyl-2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phosphate, ethyl phosphate- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl and the like. ..
- "(meth) acryloyl” means acryloyl and / or methacryloyl.
- Examples of the monomer having a hydroxyl group include ethylenically unsaturated alcohols such as (meth) allyl alcohol, 3-butene-1-ol, and 5-hexene-1-ol; 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and -2 acrylate.
- ethylenically unsaturated alcohols such as (meth) allyl alcohol, 3-butene-1-ol, and 5-hexene-1-ol
- 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and -2 acrylate examples include ethylenically unsaturated alcohols such as (meth) allyl alcohol, 3-butene-1-ol, and 5-hexene-1-ol; 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and -2 acrylate.
- the content ratio of the hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit of the polymer is preferably 15% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, when all the repeating units in the polymer are 100% by mass. More preferably, it is more preferably 4.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and further preferably 1.0% by mass or more.
- the content ratio of the hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit in the polymer is not more than the above upper limit value, the viscosity stability of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced. Further, when the content ratio of the hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit in the polymer is not more than the above upper limit value, the adhesion of the positive electrode mixture layer formed by using the obtained slurry composition to the current collector is enhanced.
- the resistance of the obtained secondary battery can be reduced. Further, when the content ratio of the hydrophilic group-containing monomer unit in the polymer is at least the above lower limit value, the sedimentation resistance of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced. If the slurry composition has excellent sediment resistance, a homogeneous positive electrode mixture layer having a good conductive network can be formed by using such a slurry composition, and the resistance of the obtained secondary battery can be obtained. Can be reduced.
- the polymer requires that the pH of the extract obtained by a predetermined method is 3.5 or more and less than 6.0. Further, the pH of the extract of the polymer is preferably 4.0 or more, more preferably 4.2 or more, preferably 5.5 or less, and preferably 5.0 or less. More preferably, it is 4.8 or less.
- the pH of the extract is at least the above lower limit, the sedimentation resistance of the obtained slurry composition can be further enhanced. Further, if the pH of the extract satisfies the condition on the upper limit side, it is possible to suppress that the obtained slurry composition tends to thicken with the lapse of time after preparation, and the viscosity of the slurry composition can be suppressed. Stability can be increased.
- the pH of the polymer extract can be adjusted by changing the treatment conditions when preparing the polymer. Specifically, as will be described later, the pH of the extract can be adjusted by adding a pH adjuster, a buffer solution, or the like to the reaction solution when preparing the polymer.
- the iodine value of the polymer is preferably 60 g / 100 g or less, more preferably 40 g / 100 g or less, and even more preferably 20 g / 100 g or less. According to the polymer having an iodine value of not more than the above upper limit value, the resistance of the secondary battery obtained by using the slurry composition can be reduced.
- the iodine value of the polymer can be, for example, 3 g / 100 g or more.
- the iodine value of the polymer can be adjusted by changing the conditions at the time of the hydrogenation reaction.
- the method for preparing the above-mentioned polymer is not particularly limited, but for example, the above-mentioned monomer composition containing the monomer is polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator, an arbitrary additive, or the like to obtain a polymer. After obtaining the polymer, it can be prepared by hydrogenating (hydrogenating) the obtained polymer. Further, a pH adjuster and a buffer solution may be added to the reaction solution containing the hydrogenated polymer. By adding a pH adjuster and a buffer solution to the reaction solution, the pH of the polymer extract can be adjusted to a desired value. The type of pH adjuster and buffer solution can be appropriately selected depending on the composition of the monomer composition used when preparing the polymer, the target extract pH, and the like.
- the content ratio of each monomer in the monomer composition used for preparing the polymer can be determined according to the content ratio of each repeating unit in the polymer.
- the polymerization mode is not particularly limited, and any method such as a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a massive polymerization method, and an emulsion polymerization method can be used.
- the hydrogenation method of the polymer is not particularly limited, and is a general method using a catalyst, that is, an oil layer hydrogenation method, an aqueous layer direct hydrogenation method, and an aqueous layer indirect hydrogenation method (for example, International Publication No. 1). 2013/080989 etc.) and the like can be used.
- ⁇ Positive electrode active material As the positive electrode active material, it is necessary to use a material having a composition represented by the following formula (I). Li ⁇ Ni a Co b Mn c M d O 2- ( ⁇ / 2) X ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (I)
- M is composed of Mg, Al, Cr, V, Ti, Cr, Fe, Zr, Zn, Si, Y, Nb, Ga, Sn, Mo, W, and a combination thereof. It is an element selected from the group. Among them, as M, any of Al, Mg, Zr, and Ti is preferable.
- X is a halogen element. Among them, as X, any one of F, Cl, Br, and I is preferable, and F is more preferable.
- the above condition (1) is preferably 0.95 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1.2, and more preferably ⁇ is 1.
- the above condition (2) is preferably 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.05, and more preferably ⁇ is 0.
- the above condition (3) is 0.6 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.8.
- the above condition (4) is 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.3.
- the above condition (5) is 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.3.
- the above condition (6) is preferably 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.05, and more preferably 0.
- the above condition (7) is 0.2 ⁇ b + c + d ⁇ 0.4.
- Li (Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ) O 2 and Li (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ) O 2 can be preferably used.
- the blending amount and particle size of the positive electrode active material are not particularly limited, and can be the same as those of the conventionally used positive electrode active material.
- Organic solvent examples include ketones such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone and cyclohexanone, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methyl.
- ketones such as acetone, ethyl methyl ketone and cyclohexanone
- esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate
- ethers such as diethyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methyl.
- amide-based polar organic solvents such as -2-pyrrolidone (NMP), aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, orthodichlorobenzene and paradichlorobenzene.
- the above-mentioned predetermined polymer is excellent in solubility in various organic solvents as listed above.
- One type of these organic solvents may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- the organic solvent it is preferable to use an organic solvent containing at least NMP, and from the viewpoint of handleability, it is more preferable to use NMP alone.
- the conductive material is a component that can be blended to promote electrical contact between the electrode active materials in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- a carbon material is preferable, and more specifically, a conductive carbon material such as carbon black (for example, acetylene black, Ketjen black (registered trademark), furnace black, etc.), graphite, carbon fiber, carbon flakes, etc. ;
- Various metal fibers, foils and the like can be preferably used.
- the conductive material more preferably contains carbon fibers, further preferably contains carbon ultrashort fibers such as carbon nanotubes and vapor-grown carbon fibers, and particularly preferably contains carbon nanotubes. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the BET specific surface area of the conductive material is preferably 20 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 50 m 2 / g or more, further preferably 100 m 2 / g or more, and preferably 2000 m 2 / g or less, more preferably. Is 1500 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 700 m 2 / g or less.
- the BET specific surface area of the conductive material refers to the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area measured by the BET method, and can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the slurry composition contains components such as a binder which is a polymer having a composition different from that of the above polymer, and known additives as described in Japanese Patent No. 6044773. May be.
- a binder which is a polymer having a composition different from that of the above polymer
- known additives as described in Japanese Patent No. 6044773. May be.
- one of these components may be used alone, or two or more of these components may be used in combination at any ratio.
- examples of the binder which is a polymer having a composition different from that of the above polymer, include fluorine-containing polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile, and polymethylmethacrylate.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the binder does not contain at least one of a nitrile group-containing monomer unit and a linear alkylene structural unit having 4 or more carbon atoms, or an extract obtained from the binder according to a predetermined method. It differs from the above polymers in that the pH can be less than 3.5 or more than 6.0.
- the binder holds the positive electrode active material, the conductive material, and other components so as not to separate from the positive electrode mixture layer, and also holds the positive electrode mixture layer. It is a component that can enable adhesion between battery members via.
- the amount of the predetermined polymer to be blended in the slurry composition is preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.10 parts by mass or more, and further more preferably 0.15 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. It is preferably 2.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1.0 part by mass or less, still more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less. If the blending amount of the polymer satisfies the above lower limit threshold value, the viscosity stability in the slurry composition can be further enhanced. Further, by further increasing the viscosity stability of the slurry composition, the initial efficiency of the obtained secondary battery can be increased and the resistance can be reduced. Further, when the compounding amount of the polymer is not more than the above upper limit value, the resistance of the secondary battery including the positive electrode formed from the slurry composition can be reduced.
- the blending amount of the conductive material in the slurry composition is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 3.0 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. This is because a good conductive path can be formed in the positive electrode mixture layer as long as the blending amount of the conductive material is within such a range, and the resistance of the secondary battery can be further reduced.
- the blending amount of the binder which is a polymer having a composition different from that of the predetermined polymer, is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1.0 parts by mass or more, per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material. 5.5 parts by mass or more is further preferable, 5.0 parts by mass or less is preferable, 4.0 parts by mass or less is more preferable, and 3.0 parts by mass or less is further preferable.
- the blending amount of the binder is not less than the above lower limit value, the adhesion between the positive electrode mixture layer formed by using the slurry composition and the current collector can be enhanced. Further, when the blending amount of the binder is not more than the above upper limit value, the resistance of the obtained secondary battery can be further reduced.
- the slurry composition described above is not particularly limited, and can be prepared, for example, by mixing each of the above components with an organic solvent and dissolving or dispersing each of the above components in the organic solvent.
- a method for dissolving or dispersing each component in an organic solvent for example, a mixer such as a ball mill, a sand mill, a bead mill, a pigment disperser, a grinder, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, a planetary mixer, or a fill mix.
- a mixer such as a ball mill, a sand mill, a bead mill, a pigment disperser, a grinder, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, a planetary mixer, or a fill mix.
- Each of the above components may be mixed all at once or may be mixed step by step.
- the organic solvent used in the mixing step the organic solvent contained in the polymer solution obtained at the time of preparing the polymer may be used.
- the method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention includes a slurry composition manufacturing step for manufacturing a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode according to the method for manufacturing a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode of the present invention, and a slurry composition manufacturing method. This includes a step of applying the slurry composition obtained in the step to at least one surface of the current collector and drying it to form a positive electrode mixture layer.
- the positive electrode obtained according to the method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention includes a current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer arranged on at least one surface of the current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains at least a positive electrode active material and a polymer, and optionally contains other components such as a binder and a conductive material.
- Each component contained in the positive electrode mixture layer was contained in the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery obtained according to the above-mentioned production method, and a suitable abundance ratio of each component was obtained. Is the same as the preferred abundance ratio of each component in the slurry composition.
- the positive electrode for the secondary battery obtained according to the manufacturing method of the present invention is manufactured by using the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery obtained according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, and therefore the positive electrode is used. Therefore, a secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics can be formed.
- the method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention comprises a slurry composition manufacturing step of manufacturing a slurry composition according to the above-mentioned manufacturing method of the present invention, and a slurry composition obtained in the steps. Is applied to at least one side of the current collector (coating step) and the slurry composition applied to at least one side of the current collector is dried to form a positive mixture layer on at least one side of the current collector. Includes a step (drying step).
- the method of applying the slurry composition to at least one side of the current collector is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Specifically, as the coating method, a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a brush coating method and the like can be used. At this time, it is necessary to apply the slurry composition to at least one side of the current collector, and if necessary, it may be applied to both sides of the current collector.
- the thickness of the slurry film on the current collector after application and before drying can be appropriately set according to the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer obtained by drying.
- the current collector to which the slurry composition is applied a material having electrical conductivity and which is electrochemically durable is used.
- a current collector made of iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, gold, platinum or the like can be used.
- aluminum foil is particularly preferable as the current collector used for the positive electrode.
- one kind of the said material may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination at an arbitrary ratio.
- the method for drying the slurry composition on the current collector is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used, for example, a drying method using warm air, hot air, low humidity air, a vacuum drying method, infrared rays, an electron beam, or the like. A drying method by irradiation can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be pressure-treated by using a die press or a roll press.
- the pressurizing treatment By the pressurizing treatment, the density of the positive electrode mixture layer can be effectively increased, and the adhesion between the positive electrode mixture layer and the current collector can be improved.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains a curable polymer, it is preferable to cure the polymer after the formation of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the method for manufacturing a secondary battery of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and a separator, and the positive electrode is the above-described method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention. Includes the process of manufacturing according to.
- the secondary battery obtained according to the manufacturing method of the present invention is provided with the positive electrode for the secondary battery obtained according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, and thus has excellent battery characteristics.
- the secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to the following example.
- a known negative electrode can be used.
- the negative electrode for example, a negative electrode made of a thin plate of metallic lithium or a negative electrode formed by forming a negative electrode mixture layer on a current collector can be used.
- a metal material such as iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, gold, and platinum can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer a layer containing a negative electrode active material and a binder can be used. Further, the binder is not particularly limited, and any known material can be used.
- an organic electrolytic solution in which a supporting electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent is usually used.
- a lithium salt is used as the supporting electrolyte of the lithium ion secondary battery.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li, C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, CF 3 COOLi, (CF 3 CO) 2 NLi. , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) NLi and the like.
- LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , CF 3 SO 3 Li are preferable, and LiPF 6 is particularly preferable because they are easily dissolved in a solvent and show a high degree of dissociation.
- One type of electrolyte may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination at any ratio. Normally, the more the supporting electrolyte with a higher degree of dissociation is used, the higher the lithium ion conductivity tends to be. Therefore, the lithium ion conductivity can be adjusted by the type of the supporting electrolyte.
- the concentration of the supporting electrolyte (25 ° C.) in the electrolytic solution can be, for example, 0.5 mol / L or more and 2.0 mol / L or less.
- the organic solvent used in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the supporting electrolyte, and for example, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propylene carbonate (PC), and the like.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- Carbonates such as butylene carbonate (BC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC); esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and methyl formate; ethers such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran; sulfur-containing compounds such as sulfolane and dimethylsulfoxide. kind; etc. are preferably used. Further, a mixed solution of these solvents may be used.
- the dielectric constant is high and the stable potential region is wide, it is preferable to use carbonates, and it is preferable to use a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
- additives such as vinylene carbonate (VC), fluoroethylene carbonate, and ethyl methyl sulfone can be added to the electrolytic solution.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a known separator such as an organic separator.
- the organic separator is a porous member made of an organic material, and examples thereof include a microporous membrane or a non-woven fabric containing a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and an aromatic polyamide resin.
- a positive electrode is manufactured according to the above-described method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention, and then the obtained positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated from each other. It is possible to put the batteries in a battery container by stacking them, winding or folding them according to the shape of the battery, and injecting an electrolytic solution into the battery container to seal the battery. In order to prevent the internal pressure rise, overcharge / discharge, and the like inside the secondary battery, an overcurrent prevention element such as a fuse and a PTC element, an expanded metal, a lead plate, and the like may be provided, if necessary.
- the shape of the secondary battery may be, for example, a coin type, a button type, a sheet type, a cylindrical type, a square type, a flat type, or the like.
- ⁇ pH of polymer extract> The NMP solution of polymer A prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was adjusted to have a solid content concentration of 8.0%. 90 g of ion-exchanged water is added to 10 g of the NMP solution of polymer A, stirred and squeezed with a spoon, and the liquid contained in the solidified polymer A is extracted and extracted in the ion-exchanged aqueous phase. I got the liquid. The pH of the extract was measured at 25 ° C. according to JIS Z8802 (2011).
- ⁇ Iodine value of polymer> The precursor (particulate polymer) of polymer A prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples and 100 g of an aqueous dispersion of polymer A were coagulated with 1 L of methanol and then vacuum dried at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 12 hours. .. Then, the iodine value of the obtained dry polymer was measured according to JIS K6235 (2006). ⁇ Mass% of each monomer unit of polymer> 100 g of an aqueous dispersion of a precursor (particulate polymer) of polymer A prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was coagulated with 1 L of methanol and then vacuum dried at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the obtained dry polymer was dissolved in deuterated chloroform to prepare a 1% by mass solution, which was prepared by 1 H-NMR using a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (Bruker, "AVANCE III 600"). The content ratio of the polymer unit was identified.
- composition analysis of positive electrode active material The composition of the positive electrode active material used in Examples and Comparative Examples was analyzed using an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer (“ICPS-7500” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- a uniform positive electrode can be produced.
- a secondary battery provided with such a positive electrode has high initial efficiency and low resistance.
- a B-type viscometer was used to measure each viscosity. The ratio of the increase in the viscosity value 2 weeks after the preparation to the viscosity value 1 hour after the preparation was determined, and the viscosity change rate V (%) was calculated. The lower the value of the viscosity change rate V (%), the more difficult it is for the slurry composition to thicken over time, that is, the more excellent the viscosity stability is. Then, by using a slurry composition having excellent viscosity stability, a uniform positive electrode can be produced, the initial efficiency of the secondary battery provided with such a positive electrode can be increased, and the resistance can be reduced.
- Resistance value is less than 0.5 ⁇
- B Resistance value is 0.5 ⁇ or more and less than 1 ⁇
- C Resistance value is 1 ⁇ or more
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of polymer A>
- 180 parts of ion-exchanged water 25 parts of an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate having a concentration of 10%, 21 parts of acrylonitrile as a nitrile group-containing monomer, 36 parts of styrene as an aromatic vinyl monomer, and a hydrophilic group.
- methacrylic acid as a containing monomer and two parts of t-dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent were charged in this order.
- the residual monomer was removed at a water temperature of 80 ° C. to obtain an aqueous dispersion of a precursor (particulate polymer) of the polymer A.
- a precursor particle polymer
- the iodine value and the mass% of each monomer unit were measured according to the above.
- the water dispersion and the palladium catalyst (equal mass to the 1% palladium acetate solution) were placed in the autoclave so that the palladium content with respect to the solid content mass contained in the aqueous dispersion of the obtained precursor was 5,000 ppm.
- a solution mixed with ion-exchanged water) was added, and a hydrogenation reaction was carried out at a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa and a temperature of 50 ° C.
- the iodine value of the obtained polymer A was measured according to the above. The results are shown in Table 1. Further, as a result of comparing the iodine value of the polymer A and the iodine value of the precursor (particulate polymer) of the polymer A measured above, the iodine value of the polymer A is higher than the iodine value of the particulate polymer. It was confirmed that the polymer A contained a hydrogenated butadiene unit, that is, a linear alkylene structural unit having 4 carbon atoms.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the amount of NMP added was measured by a single cylindrical rotational viscometer according to the viscosity of the obtained slurry composition for positive electrode (JIS Z8803: 1991. Temperature: 25 ° C., rotation speed: 60 rpm) was 4000 to 5000 mPa. It was adjusted so as to be within the range of s.
- ⁇ Manufacturing of negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery A mixture of 90 parts of spherical artificial graphite (volume average particle size: 12 ⁇ m) and 10 parts of SiO X (volume average particle size: 10 ⁇ m) as a negative electrode active material, 1 part of a styrene butadiene polymer as a binder, and thickening. A part of carboxymethyl cellulose as an agent and an appropriate amount of water as a dispersion medium were stirred with a planetary mixer to prepare a slurry composition for a negative electrode. Next, a copper foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was prepared as a current collector.
- the slurry composition for the negative electrode was applied to both sides of the copper foil so that the applied amount after drying was 10 mg / cm 2 , respectively, and dried at 60 ° C. for 20 minutes and at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes. Then, it was heat-treated at 150 degreeC for 2 hours, and the negative electrode raw material was obtained.
- This negative electrode raw material was rolled by a roll press to prepare a sheet-shaped negative electrode composed of a negative electrode mixture layer (both sides) having a density of 1.8 g / cm 3 and copper foil. Then, the sheet-shaped negative electrode was cut into a width of 5.0 cm and a length of 52 cm to obtain a negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode were wound with the separator interposed therebetween using a core having a diameter of 20 mm to obtain a wound body. Then, the obtained wound body was compressed from one direction at a speed of 10 mm / sec until the thickness became 4.5 mm.
- the wound wound body after compression had an elliptical shape in a plan view, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (major axis / minor axis) was 7.7.
- the lithium ion secondary battery had a pouch shape of a predetermined size capable of accommodating the wound body, and the nominal capacity of the battery was 700 mAh.
- the initial efficiency and resistance of the obtained lithium ion secondary battery were evaluated according to the above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Same as in Example 1 except that the positive electrode active material used when preparing the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery was changed to Li (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ) O 2 which is a ternary active material having a layered structure. Various operations, measurements, and evaluations were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 Example 1 except that the conductive material used when preparing the slurry composition was changed to 2 parts of acetylene black (manufactured by Denka, Denka Black (registered trademark), powder, BET specific surface area: 70 m 2 / g). Various operations, measurements, and evaluations similar to the above were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 When the polymer A was prepared, the pH of the extract of the polymer A was adjusted as shown in Table 1, except that the amount of the buffer solution added was adjusted in the same manner as in Example 1. Manipulation, measurement, and evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 Various operations, measurements, and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending amount of the polymer A was changed as shown in Table 1 when the slurry composition was prepared. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 When preparing the polymer A, the conditions of the hydrogenation reaction (palladium content with respect to the solid content mass contained in the aqueous dispersion of the precursor of the polymer A) were changed to change the iodine value of the polymer A. Various operations, measurements, and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the results were as shown in Table 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 This was carried out except that the blending amount of various monomers used when preparing the polymer A was changed so that the occupancy ratio (mass%) of each unit in the obtained polymer A was changed as shown in Table 1.
- Various operations, measurements, and evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 13 Various operations, measurements, and evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the binder to be blended when preparing the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery was changed to polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The results are shown in Table 1.
- H-BD is a hydrogenated butadiene monomer unit (a linear alkylene structural unit having 4 carbon atoms).
- BD is a 1,3-butadiene monomer unit
- AN is an acrylonitrile monomer unit
- ST is a styrene monomer unit
- MAA is a methacrylic acid monomer unit
- NMC811 contains Li (Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ) O 2
- NMC622 contains Li (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 ) O 2 .
- MWCNT is a multi-walled carbon nanotube
- AB is acetylene black
- NMP is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- the slurry composition according to the method for producing a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode which contains an organic solvent, a predetermined polymer in which the pH of the extract is within a predetermined range, and a positive electrode active material satisfying a predetermined composition. It can be seen that in Examples 1 to 13 in which the products were prepared, the slurry composition for the positive electrode of the secondary battery having excellent viscosity stability and sediment resistance could be provided.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a method for producing a slurry composition for a secondary battery positive electrode, which is excellent in viscosity stability and sediment resistance. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a positive electrode for a secondary battery capable of forming a secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
具体的には、例えば特許文献1では、ニトリル基を有する重合単位、芳香族ビニル重合単位、親水性基を有する重合単位、及び炭素数4以上の直鎖アルキレン重合単位を含有するバインダー、並びに、正極活物質を含有する二次電池正極用スラリー組成物が開示されている。特許文献1では、かかる二次電池正極用スラリー組成物に含有される正極活物質として、種々のリチウム含有複合金属酸化物を例示している。そして、特許文献1では、実際に、正極活物質としてコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)を所定のバインダーと組み合わせて、種々の属性を検証している。
また、本発明は、電池特性に優れる二次電池を形成可能な二次電池用正極の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
そして、本発明は、電池特性に優れる二次電池の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
LiαNiaCobMncMdO2-(β/2)Xβ・・・(I)
ここで、前記式(I)中、
Mは、Mg、Al、Cr、V、Ti、Cr、Fe、Zr、Zn、Si、Y、Nb、Ga、Sn、Mo、W、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される元素であり、Xは、ハロゲン元素であり、α、β、a、b、c及びdは、下記条件(1)~(8)を満たす。
0.90≦α≦1.5・・・(1)
0≦β≦0.1・・・(2)
0.55≦a≦0.9・・・(3)
0≦b≦0.45・・・(4)
0≦c≦0.45・・・(5)
0≦d≦0.1・・・(6)
0.1≦b+c+d≦0.45・・・(7)
a+b+c+d=1・・・(8)
ことを特徴とする。
このように、所定の単位を有し、且つ、所定の方法に従って得られる抽出液のpHが3.5以上6.0未満であるような重合体と、所定の組成を満たす、ニッケル含有比率の高い正極活物質とを配合することで、粘度安定性及び耐沈降性に優れる二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を得ることができる。なお、重合体が「単量体単位を含有する」とは、「その単量体を用いて得た重合体中に単量体由来の構造単位が含まれている」ことを意味する。また、「直鎖アルキレン構造単位を含有する」とは、重合体中に一般式:-CnH2n-[但し、nは4以上の整数]で表わされる直鎖アルキレン構造のみで構成される繰り返し単位が含まれていることを意味する。さらにまた、重合体における単量体単位及び構造単位の含有の有無、及び含有割合は、例えば、1H-NMRにより判定又は測定することができる。そして、重合体の抽出液のpHは、実施例に記載した方法に従って測定することができる。さらに、正極活物質の組成は、ICP(Inductively coupled plasma)発光分光分析装置を用いて分析することができる。
なお、本発明において、重合体のヨウ素価は、JIS K6235(2006)に準拠して測定することができる。
また、本発明によれば、電池特性に優れる二次電池を形成可能な二次電池用正極の製造方法を提供することができる。
そして、本発明によれば、電池特性に優れる二次電池の製造方法を提供することができる。
ここで、本発明の二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法は、二次電池の製造時に用いるスラリー組成物を製造する際に用いられる。そして、本発明の二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法は、本発明の二次電池用正極の製造方法内で実施されうる。さらに、本発明の二次電池用正極の製造方法は、本発明二次電池の製造方法内で実施されうる。
本発明の二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法は、有機溶媒と、後述する所定の組成を満たす、ニッケル含有比率の高いハイニッケル系の正極活物質と、ニトリル基含有単量体単位及び炭素数4以上の直鎖アルキレン構造単位を含有する重合体であって、所定の方法で得た抽出液のpHが3.5以上6.0未満である重合体と、を含む二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法である。ここで、上記重合体の抽出液は、重合体を8質量%N-メチル-2-ピロリドン溶液として、イオン交換水により10倍希釈することにより得られる。
上記所定の重合体は、主として、スラリー組成物の耐沈降性及び粘度安定性を高めるように機能し得る成分である。重合体は、スラリー組成物に含まれうる、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン等の有機溶媒に対して溶解性を有する。重合体の少なくとも一部が、スラリー組成物中にて溶解状態で存在することで、スラリー組成物中にて、固形分が凝集又は沈降することを抑制することができる。加えて、重合体は、結着材としての機能を奏しても良い。ここで、重合体が「結着材としての機能を奏する」とは、スラリー組成物を使用して形成した正極合材層において、重合体が、正極活物質及び導電材等の成分が正極合材層から脱離しないように保持するように機能することを意味する。
ニトリル基含有単量体単位は、ニトリル基含有単量体由来の繰り返し単位である。そして、重合体は、ニトリル基含有単量体単位を含有しているので、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン等の有機溶媒に対する溶解性が高く、得られるスラリー組成物の粘度を良好に高めることができる。
これらは、単独で、又は、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
炭素数4以上の直鎖アルキレン構造単位(以下、単に「アルキレン構造単位」とも称することがある。)は、一般式:-CnH2n-[但し、nは4以上の整数]で表わされる直鎖アルキレン構造のみで構成される繰り返し単位である。そして、重合体は、炭素数4以上の直鎖アルキレン構造単位を有しているので、得られるスラリー組成物の耐沈降性を高めることができる。
(1)共役ジエン単量体を含む単量体組成物から重合体を調製し、当該重合体に水素添加することで、共役ジエン単量体単位を直鎖アルキレン構造単位に変換する方法
(2)1-ブテン、1-ヘキセンなどの1-オレフィン単量体を含む単量体組成物から重合体を調製する方法
が挙げられる。これらの共役ジエン単量体や1-オレフィン単量体は、それぞれ、単独で、又は、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
これらの中でも、(1)の方法が重合体の製造が容易であり好ましい。
芳香族ビニル単量体単位は、芳香族ビニル単量体由来の繰り返し単位である。そして、重合体が芳香族ビニル単量体単位を含んでいれば、得られるスラリー組成物の粘度安定性を一層高めることができる。
親水性基含有単量体単位は、酸性基及び水酸基等の親水性基を含んでなる単量体由来の単量体単位である。酸性基としては、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、及びリン酸基などが挙げられる。なお、上述したニトリル基含有単量体単位、芳香族ビニル単量体単位、及び直鎖アルキレン構造単位を形成するために用い得る各種単量体には、カルボン酸基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基及び水酸基等の親水性基は含まれない。重合体が親水性基含有単量体単位を含有していれば、得られるスラリー組成物の耐沈降性を一層高めることができる。スラリー組成物が耐沈降性に優れていれば、かかるスラリー組成物を用いることで、良好な導電ネットワークを有する均質な正極合材層を形成することができ、得られる二次電池の抵抗を低減することができる。
モノカルボン酸としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸などが挙げられる。
モノカルボン酸誘導体としては、2-エチルアクリル酸、イソクロトン酸、α-アセトキシアクリル酸、β-trans-アリールオキシアクリル酸、α-クロロ-β-E-メトキシアクリル酸、β-ジアミノアクリル酸などが挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸としては、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸などが挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸誘導体としては、メチルマレイン酸、ジメチルマレイン酸、フェニルマレイン酸、クロロマレイン酸、ジクロロマレイン酸、フルオロマレイン酸や、マレイン酸メチルアリル、マレイン酸ジフェニル、マレイン酸ノニル、マレイン酸デシル、マレイン酸ドデシル、マレイン酸オクタデシル、マレイン酸フルオロアルキルなどのマレイン酸エステルが挙げられる。
ジカルボン酸の酸無水物としては、無水マレイン酸、アクリル酸無水物、メチル無水マレイン酸、ジメチル無水マレイン酸などが挙げられる。
また、カルボン酸基を有する化合物としては、加水分解によりカルボキシル基を生成する酸無水物も使用できる。
その他、マレイン酸モノエチル、マレイン酸ジエチル、マレイン酸モノブチル、マレイン酸ジブチル、フマル酸モノエチル、フマル酸ジエチル、フマル酸モノブチル、フマル酸ジブチル、フマル酸モノシクロヘキシル、フマル酸ジシクロヘキシル、イタコン酸モノエチル、イタコン酸ジエチル、イタコン酸モノブチル、イタコン酸ジブチルなどのα,β-エチレン性不飽和多価カルボン酸のモノエステル及びジエステルも挙げられる。
なお、本発明において「(メタ)アリル」とは、アリル及び/又はメタリルを意味する。
なお、本発明において「(メタ)アクリロイル」とは、アクリロイル及び/又はメタクリロイルを意味する。
また、重合体は、所定の方法で得た抽出液のpHが、3.5以上6.0未満であることを必要とする。さらに、重合体の抽出液のpHが、4.0以上であることが好ましく、4.2以上であることがより好ましく、5.5以下であることが好ましく、5.0以下であることがより好ましく、4.8以下であることがさらに好ましい。抽出液のpHが上記下限値以上であれば、得られるスラリー組成物の耐沈降性を一層高めることができる。また、抽出液のpHが上記上限値側の条件を満たしていれば、得られるスラリー組成物が調製後の時間経過に伴い増粘し易くなることを抑制することができ、スラリー組成物の粘度安定性を高めることができる。なお、重合体の抽出液のpHは、重合体を調製する際の処理条件を変更することによって、調節することができる。具体的には、後述するように、重合体を調製する際に、反応液中にpH調整剤及び緩衝液等を添加することによって、抽出液のpHを調節することができる。
また、重合体は、ヨウ素価が60g/100g以下であることが好ましく、40g/100g以下であることがより好ましく、20g/100g以下であることが更に好ましい。ヨウ素価が上記上限値以下である重合体によれば、スラリー組成物を用いて得られる二次電池の抵抗を低減することができる。ここで、重合体のヨウ素価は、例えば、3g/100g以上でありうる。また、重合体のヨウ素価は、重合体が水添重合体である場合には、水素添加反応時の条件を変更することにより、調節することができる。
なお、上述した重合体の調製方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、上述した単量体を含む単量体組成物を、重合開始剤及び任意の添加剤等の存在下において重合して重合体を得た後、得られた重合体を水素化(水素添加)することで調製することができる。さらに、水素化した重合体を含有する反応液に対して、pH調整剤及び緩衝液を添加しても良い。反応液に対して、pH調整剤及び緩衝液を添加することで、重合体の抽出液のpHを所望の値に調節することができる。pH調整剤及び緩衝液の種類は、重合体を調製する際に用いる単量体組成物の組成、及び目的とする抽出液pH等に応じて、適宜選択することができる。
そして、重合様式は、特に制限なく、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、塊状重合法、乳化重合法などのいずれの方法も用いることができる。
更に、重合体の水素化方法は、特に制限なく、触媒を用いる一般的な方法である、油層水素化法、水層直接水素化法、及び、水層間接水素化法(例えば、国際公開第2013/080989号等参照)等を使用することができる。
正極活物質としては、下式(I)により表される組成を有するものを用いることを必要とする。
LiαNiaCobMncMdO2-(β/2)Xβ・・・(I)
Xは、ハロゲン元素である。中でも、Xとしては、F、Cl、Br、及びIの何れかが好ましく、Fがより好ましい。
0.90≦α≦1.5・・・(1)
0≦β≦0.1・・・(2)
0.55≦a≦0.9・・・(3)
0≦b≦0.45・・・(4)
0≦c≦0.45・・・(5)
0≦d≦0.1・・・(6)
0.1≦b+c+d≦0.45・・・(7)
a+b+c+d=1・・・(8)
また、上記条件(2)が0≦β≦0.05であることが好ましく、βが0であることがより好ましい。
また、上記条件(3)が0.6≦a≦0.8であることが好ましい。
また、上記条件(4)が、0<b≦0.3であることが好ましい。
また、上記条件(5)が、0<c≦0.3であることが好ましい。
また、上記条件(6)が0≦d≦0.05であることが好ましく、dが0であることがより好ましい。
また、上記条件(7)が0.2≦b+c+d≦0.4であることが好ましい。
なお、正極活物質の配合量や粒径は、特に限定されることなく、従来使用されている正極活物質と同様とすることができる。
有機溶媒としては、例えば、アセトン、エチルメチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類、ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル類、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)などのアミド系極性有機溶媒、トルエン、キシレン、クロロベンゼン、オルトジクロロベンゼン、パラジクロロベンゼンなどの芳香族炭化水素類などが挙げられる。上記所定の重合体は、上記列挙したような各種の有機溶媒に対する溶解性に優れる。これらの有機溶媒は、1種類を単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。中でも、有機溶媒としては、少なくともNMPを含む有機溶媒を用いることが好ましく、取り扱い性の観点からは、NMPを単独で用いることがより好ましい。
導電材は、正極合材層における電極活物質同士の電気的接触を促進するために配合されうる成分である。導電材としては、炭素材料が好ましく、より具体的には、カーボンブラック(例えば、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック(登録商標)、ファーネスブラックなど)、グラファイト、炭素繊維、カーボンフレーク等の導電性炭素材料;各種金属のファイバー、箔などを好適に用いることができる。中でも、導電材が炭素繊維を含むことがより好ましく、カーボンナノチューブや気相成長炭素繊維のような炭素超短繊維を含むことが更に好ましく、カーボンナノチューブを含むことが特に好ましい。
これらは一種単独で、又は、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
スラリー組成物は、上記成分の他に、上記重合体とは組成の異なる重合体である結着材、及び、特許第6044773号公報に記載されたような既知の添加剤等の成分を含有していてもよい。また、これらの成分は、1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。
スラリー組成物中における上記所定の重合体の配合量が、正極活物質100質量部当たり、0.05質量部以上が好ましく、0.10質量部以上がより好ましく、0.15質量部以上が更に好ましく、2.0質量部以下が好ましく、1.0質量部以下がより好ましく、0.5質量部以下が更に好ましい。重合体の配合量が上記下限閾値を満たす量であれば、スラリー組成物中の粘度安定性を一層高めることができる。さらに、スラリー組成物の粘度安定性一層高めることにより、得られる二次電池の初期効率を高めるとともに、抵抗を低減することができる。また、重合体の配合量が上記上限値以下であれば、スラリー組成物より形成した正極を備える二次電池の抵抗を低減することができる。
スラリー組成物中における導電材の配合量は、正極活物質100質量部当たり、0.5質量部以上3.0質量部以下であることが好ましい。導電材の配合量がかかる範囲内であれば、正極合材層中において良好な導電パスを形成することができ、二次電池の抵抗を一層低減することができるからである。
上記所定の重合体とは組成の異なる重合体である結着材の配合量は、正極活物質100質量部当たり、0.5質量部以上が好ましく、1.0質量部以上がより好ましく、1.5質量部以上が更に好ましく、5.0質量部以下が好ましく、4.0質量部以下がより好ましく、3.0質量部以下が更に好ましい。結着材の配合量が上記下限値以上であれば、スラリー組成物を用いて形成した正極合材層と集電体との間の密着性を高めることができる。また、結着材の配合量が上記上限値以下であれば、得られる二次電池の抵抗を一層低減することができる。
上述したスラリー組成物は、特に限定されることなく、例えば、上記各成分と有機溶媒とを混合して、有機溶媒中に上記各成分を溶解又は分散させることにより調製することができる。各成分を有機溶媒中に溶解又は分散させるための方法としては、例えば、ボールミル、サンドミル、ビーズミル、顔料分散機、らい潰機、超音波分散機、ホモジナイザー、プラネタリーミキサー、フィルミックスなどの混合機を用いた方法が挙げられる。上記各成分は、一括して混合しても良いし、段階的に混合しても良い。なお、混合工程にて用いる有機溶媒としては、重合体の調製時に得られた重合体溶液に含まれている有機溶媒を使用してもよい。
本発明の二次電池用正極の製造方法は、本発明の二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法に従って二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を製造するスラリー組成物製造工程と、スラリー組成物製造工程にて得られたスラリー組成物を、集電体の少なくとも片面に塗布し、乾燥して正極合材層を形成する工程とを含む。そして、本発明の二次電池用正極の製造方法に従って得られた正極は、集電体と、集電体の少なくとも片面上に配置された正極合材層とを備えている。かかる正極合材層には、少なくとも、正極活物質及び重合体が含まれており、任意で、結着材及び導電材等のその他の成分が含まれている。なお、正極合材層中に含まれている各成分は、上記の製造方法に従って得られた二次電池正極用スラリー組成物中に含まれていたものであり、それら各成分の好適な存在比は、スラリー組成物中の各成分の好適な存在比と同じである。
そして、本発明の製造方法に従って得られた二次電池用正極は、本発明の製造方法に従って得られた二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を使用して製造されているので、当該正極を用いることで、電池特性に優れる二次電池を形成することができる。
上記スラリー組成物を集電体の少なくとも片面に塗布する方法としては、特に限定されず公知の方法を用いることができる。具体的には、塗布方法としては、ドクターブレード法、ディップ法、リバースロール法、ダイレクトロール法、グラビア法、エクストルージョン法、ハケ塗り法などを用いることができる。この際、スラリー組成物を集電体の少なくとも片面に塗布することを必要とし、必要に応じて、集電体の両面に塗布してもよい。塗布後乾燥前の集電体上のスラリー膜の厚みは、乾燥して得られる正極合材層の厚みに応じて適宜に設定しうる。
集電体上のスラリー組成物を乾燥する方法としては、特に限定されず公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば温風、熱風、低湿風による乾燥法、真空乾燥法、赤外線や電子線などの照射による乾燥法が挙げられる。このように集電体上のスラリー組成物を乾燥することで、集電体上に正極合材層を形成し、集電体と正極合材層とを備える二次電池用正極を得ることができる。
本発明の二次電池の製造方法は、正極と、負極と、電解液と、セパレータとを備える二次電池の製造方法であり、正極を、上述した本発明の二次電池用正極の製造方法に従って製造する工程を含む。そして、本発明の製造方法に従って得られた二次電池は、本発明の製造方法に従って得られた二次電池用正極を備えているので、電池特性に優れる。
なお、以下では、一例として二次電池がリチウムイオン二次電池である場合について説明するが、本発明は下記の一例に限定されるものではない。
負極としては、既知の負極を用いることができる。具体的には、負極としては、例えば、金属リチウムの薄板よりなる負極や、負極合材層を集電体上に形成してなる負極を用いることができる。
なお、集電体としては、鉄、銅、アルミニウム、ニッケル、ステンレス鋼、チタン、タンタル、金、白金等の金属材料からなるものを用いることができる。また、負極合材層としては、負極活物質と結着材とを含む層を用いることができる。更に、結着材としては、特に限定されず、任意の既知の材料を用いうる。
電解液としては、通常、有機溶媒に支持電解質を溶解した有機電解液が用いられる。リチウムイオン二次電池の支持電解質としては、例えば、リチウム塩が用いられる。リチウム塩としては、例えば、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、LiClO4、CF3SO3Li、C4F9SO3Li、CF3COOLi、(CF3CO)2NLi、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)NLiなどが挙げられる。なかでも、溶媒に溶けやすく高い解離度を示すので、LiPF6、LiClO4、CF3SO3Liが好ましく、LiPF6が特に好ましい。なお、電解質は1種類を単独で用いてもよく、2種類以上を任意の比率で組み合わせて用いてもよい。通常は、解離度の高い支持電解質を用いるほどリチウムイオン伝導度が高くなる傾向があるので、支持電解質の種類によりリチウムイオン伝導度を調節することができる。そして、電解液中の支持電解質の濃度(25℃)は、例えば、0.5mol/L以上2.0mol/L以下でありうる。
セパレータとしては、特に限定されないが、有機セパレータなどの既知のセパレータが挙げられる。有機セパレータは、有機材料からなる多孔性部材であり、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂、芳香族ポリアミド樹脂などを含む微多孔膜又は不織布などが挙げられる。
そして、実施例及び比較例において、各種評価及び測定は、以下の方法で実施した。
実施例、比較例で調製した重合体AのNMP溶液を固形分濃度8.0%になる様に調整した。重合体AのNMP溶液10gに対し、イオン交換水を90g投入し、薬さじで撹拌及び圧搾し、イオン交換水相中にて、凝固した重合体Aに内包されている液を抽出し、抽出液を得た。抽出液のpHを、25℃にて、JIS Z8802(2011)に準じて測定した。
<重合体のヨウ素価>
実施例、比較例で調製した重合体Aの前駆体(粒子状重合体)、及び、重合体Aの水分散液100gを、メタノール1Lで凝固させた後、温度60℃で12時間真空乾燥した。そして、得られた乾燥重合体のヨウ素価を、JIS K6235(2006)に従って測定した。
<重合体の各単量体単位の質量%>
実施例、比較例で調製した重合体Aの前駆体(粒子状重合体)の水分散液100gを、メタノール1Lで凝固させた後、温度60℃で12時間真空乾燥した。そして、得られた乾燥重合体を重水素化クロロホルムに溶解し、1質量%溶液とした物を、核磁気共鳴装置(Bruker社製、「AVANCE III 600」)を用い1H-NMRにより各単量体単位の含有比率を同定した。
ICP発光分光分析装置(島津製作所製、「ICPS-7500」)を用いて、実施例、比較例で用いた正極活物質の組成を分析した。
導電材のBET比表面積の値は、「BELSORP(登録商標)-max」(日本ベル(株)製)を用いて測定した。
実施例、比較例で調製したスラリー組成物について、調製1分後及び調製24時間後に、それぞれ上澄みを採取し測定試料とした。各測定試料について、固形分濃度の値を得て、調製1分後の値に対する、調製24時間後の値の割合を求め、固形分濃度維持率S(%)を算出した。得られた固形分濃度維持率Sの値が大きい程、調製24時間後の時点であっても上澄み部分に含まれる固形分量、即ち沈降していない固形分量が多いことを意味する。従って、固形分濃度維持率Sの値が大きいほど、スラリー組成物が沈降しにくく、耐沈降性に優れるということを意味する。耐沈降性に優れるスラリー組成物を用いることで、均一な正極が作成できる。そして、かかる正極を備える二次電池は、初期効率が高く、且つ、抵抗が低い。
A:Sが97%以上100%以下
B:Sが91%以上97%未満
C:Sが85%以上91%未満
D:Sが85%未満
<スラリー組成物の粘度安定性>
実施例、比較例で調製したスラリー組成物について、調製1時間後の粘度の値、及び調製2週間後の粘度の値をそれぞれ測定した。各粘度の測定には、B型粘度計を使用した。調製1時間後の粘度の値に対する、調製2週間後の粘度の値の増加量の割合を求め、粘度変化率V(%)を算出した。粘度変化率V(%)の値が低いほど、スラリー組成物が経時的に増粘し難い、即ち、粘度安定性に優れるということを意味する。そして、粘度安定性に優れるスラリー組成物を用いることで、均一な正極が作成でき、かかる正極を備える二次電池の初期効率を高めることができ、抵抗を低減することができる。
A:Vが40%未満
B:Vが40%以上80%未満
C:Vが80%以上120%未満
D:Vが120%以上200%未満
E:Vが200%以上
実施例、比較例で作製した二次電池について、25℃環境下で、0.2Cで4.2Vまで充電し、3.0Vまで放電する操作を3回繰り返した。その後、1Cで電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで充電し、1Cで電池電圧が3.0Vになるまで放電した際の、充電量に対する放電量の割合を評価した。
A:充放電効率が97%以上
B:充放電効率が95%以上97%未満
C:充放電効率が93%以上95%未満
D:充放電効率が93%未満
<二次電池の抵抗>
実施例、比較例で作成した二次電池を、25℃環境下、0.2Cで電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流充電した後、4.2Vで充電電流が0.02Cになるまで定電圧充電を行った。続いて、0.2Cで電池電圧が3.87V(SOC:50%)になるまで定電流放電を行った後、0.2C、0.5C、1.0C、2.0C、2.5C、3.0Cにてそれぞれ30秒放電後の電圧変化を測定した。各放電流及び測定した電圧変化をプロットし、その傾きを抵抗値(Ω)とした。算出した抵抗値を、以下の基準で評価した。抵抗値が小さいほど、二次電池は電池特性に優れる。
A:抵抗値が0.5Ω未満
B:抵抗値が0.5Ω以上1Ω未満
C:抵抗値が1Ω以上
<重合体Aの調製>
反応器に、イオン交換水180部、濃度10%のドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム水溶液25部、ニトリル基含有単量体としてのアクリロニトリル21部、芳香族ビニル単量体としてのスチレン36部、親水性基含有単量体としてのメタクリル酸4部、及び連鎖移動剤としてのt-ドデシルメルカプタン2部を順に仕込んだ。次いで、内部の気体を窒素で3回置換した後、炭素数4以上の直鎖アルキレン構造単位を重合体Aに導入し得る共役ジエン単量体としての1,3-ブタジエン39部を仕込んだ。そして、反応器を10℃に保ち、重合開始剤としてのクメンハイドロパーオキサイド0.1部、還元剤、及びキレート剤を、それぞれ適量を仕込み、撹拌しながら重合反応を継続し、重合転化率が85%になった時点で、重合停止剤としての、濃度10%のハイドロキノン水溶液0.1部を加えて重合反応を停止した。次いで、水温80℃で残留単量体を除去し、重合体Aの前駆体(粒子状重合体)の水分散液を得た。得られた粒子状重合体について、上記に従って、ヨウ素価及び各単量体単位の質量%を測定した。
得られた前駆体の水分散液に含有される固形分質量に対するパラジウム含有量が5,000ppmになるように、オートクレーブ中に、水分散液とパラジウム触媒(1%酢酸パラジウムアセトン溶液と等質量のイオン交換水を混合した溶液)を添加して、水素圧3MPa、温度50℃で6時間水素添加反応を行い、反応液を得た。得られた反応液のpHが4になる様に、緩衝液としての、1%硫酸水溶液及び1%塩化カリウム水溶液をそれぞれ用いて調整し、目的の重合体Aの水分散液を得た。得られた重合体Aについて、ヨウ素価を上記に従って測定した。結果を表1に示す。また、重合体Aのヨウ素価、及び上記で測定した重合体Aの前駆体(粒子状重合体)のヨウ素価を比較した結果、重合体Aのヨウ素価の方が粒子状重合体のヨウ素価よりも低いことから、重合体Aに水素化されたブタジエン単位、即ち、炭素数4の直鎖アルキレン構造単位が含まれることを確認した。
上記重合体Aの水分散液と、有機溶媒としての適量のNMPとを混合した。次いで、得られた混合液中に含まれる水を、減圧下で全て蒸発させて、重合体AのNMP溶液を得た。かかる重合体AのNMP溶液を用いて、上記に従って抽出液のpHを測定した。結果を表1に示す。
所定の組成を満たす正極活物質としての、Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2100部と、導電材としての多層カーボンナノチューブ(BET比表面積:160m2/g)1部と、重合体Aを0.2部と、結着材としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)を固形分換算で2部と、有機溶媒としてのNMPとを添加し、プラネタリーミキサーにて撹拌(60rpm、30分)して正極用スラリー組成物を調製した。なお、NMPの添加量は、得られる正極用スラリー組成物の粘度(JIS Z8803:1991に準じて単一円筒形回転粘度計により測定。温度:25℃、回転数:60rpm)が4000~5000mPa・sの範囲内となるように調整した。
集電体として、厚さ20μmのアルミ箔を準備した。上記正極用スラリー組成物を、コンマコーターでアルミ箔上に乾燥後の目付量が20mg/cm2になるように塗布し、90℃で20分、120℃で20分間乾燥後、60℃で10時間加熱処理して正極原反を得た。この正極原反をロールプレスで圧延し、密度が3.2g/cm3の正極合材層と、アルミ箔とからなるシート状正極を作製した。なお、シート状正極の厚みは70μmであった。このシート状正極を幅4.8cm、長さ50cmに切断して、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極とした。
負極活物質としての球状人造黒鉛(体積平均粒子径:12μm)90部及びSiOX(体積平均粒子径:10μm)10部の混合物と、結着材としてのスチレンブタジエン重合体1部と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース1部と、分散媒としての適量の水とをプラネタリーミキサーにて撹拌し、負極用スラリー組成物を調製した。
次に、集電体として、厚さ15μmの銅箔を準備した。上記負極用スラリー組成物を銅箔の両面に乾燥後の塗布量がそれぞれ10mg/cm2になるように塗布し、60℃で20分、120℃で20分間乾燥した。その後、150℃で2時間加熱処理して、負極原反を得た。この負極原反をロールプレスで圧延し、密度が1.8g/cm3の負極合材層(両面)と、銅箔とからなるシート状負極を作製した。そして、シート状負極を幅5.0cm、長さ52cmに切断して、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極とした。
単層のポリプロピレン製セパレータ(セルガード社製、製品名「セルガード2500」、厚さ15μmのポリプロピレン製の微多孔膜)を、120cm×5.5cmに切り抜いた。
上記正極と上記負極とを、上記セパレータを介在させて直径20mmの芯を用いて捲回し、捲回体を得た。そして、得られた捲回体を、10mm/秒の速度で厚さ4.5mmになるまで一方向から圧縮した。なお、圧縮後の捲回体は平面視楕円形をしており、その長径と短径との比(長径/短径)は7.7であった。
また、電解液(組成:濃度1.0mol/LのLiPF6溶液(溶媒は、エチレンカーボネート/エチルメチルカーボネート=3/7(質量比)の混合溶媒にフルオロエチレンカーボネート5質量%を添加した混合溶液であり、添加剤としてビニレンカーボネート2体積%を添加))を準備した。
その後、圧縮した捲回体をアルミ製ラミネートケース内に3.2gの非水電解液とともに収容した。そして、負極の所定の箇所にニッケルリード線を接続し、正極の所定の箇所にアルミニウムリード線を接続したのち、ケースの開口部を熱で封口し、リチウムイオン二次電池を得た。このリチウムイオン二次電池は、上記捲回体を収容し得る所定のサイズのパウチ形であり、電池の公称容量は700mAhであった。得られたリチウムイオン二次電池について、上記に従って初期効率及び抵抗を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を調製する際に、用いる正極活物質を、層状構造を有する三元系活物質Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の各種操作、測定、及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
スラリー組成物を調製する際に用いる導電材をアセチレンブラック(デンカ社製、デンカブラック(登録商標)、粉状品、BET比表面積:70m2/g)2部に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の各種操作、測定、及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
重合体Aを調製する際に、重合体Aの抽出液のpHが、それぞれ、表1に示す通りとなるように緩衝液の添加量を調節した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各種操作、測定、及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
スラリー組成物の調製の際に、重合体Aの配合量を、それぞれ表1に示す通りに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各種操作、測定、及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
重合体Aを調製する際に、水素添加反応の条件(重合体Aの前駆体の水分散液に含有される固形分質量に対するパラジウム含有量)を変更して、重合体Aのヨウ素価が、表1に示す通りとなるようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各種操作、測定、及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
重合体Aを調製する際に用いる各種単量体の配合量を、得られる重合体Aにおける各単位の占有比率(質量%)が、表1に示す通りになる様に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各種操作、測定、及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を調製する際に配合する結着材を、ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各種操作、測定、及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
重合体Aを調製する際に、重合体Aの抽出液のpHが、それぞれ、表1に示す通りとなるように緩衝液の添加量を調節した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、各種操作を行った。しかし、比較例1では、得られたスラリー組成物が粘度安定性に著しく劣っていたため、正極合材層を形成することができず、比較例3でも、正極合材層を形成し得るような二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を調製することができず、二次電池を用いた評価を実施することができなかった。
比較例2については、上記以外は実施例1と同様にして、各種測定及び評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
「H-BD」は、水素化されたブタジエン単量体単位(炭素数4の直鎖アルキレン構造単位)を、
「BD」は、1,3-ブタジエン単量体単位を、
「AN」は、アクリロニトリル単量体単位を、
「ST」は、スチレン単量体単位を、
「MAA」は、メタクリル酸単量体単位を、
「NMC811」は、Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2を、
「NMC622」は、Li(Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2)O2を、
「MWCNT」は、多層カーボンナノチューブを、
「AB」は、アセチレンブラックを、
「NMP」は、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを、
「PVdF」は、ポリフッ化ビニリデンを、
「PAN」は、ポリアクリロニトリルを、
それぞれ示す。
また、本発明によれば、電池特性に優れる二次電池を形成可能な二次電池用正極の製造方法を提供することができる。
そして、本発明によれば、電池特性に優れる二次電池の製造方法を提供することができる。
Claims (6)
- 有機溶媒と、正極活物質と、ニトリル基含有単量体単位及び炭素数4以上の直鎖アルキレン構造単位を含有する重合体と、を含む二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法であって、
前記重合体を8質量%N-メチル-2-ピロリドン溶液として、イオン交換水により10倍希釈した場合に得られる抽出液のpHが、3.5以上6.0未満であり、且つ、
前記正極活物質が下式(I)により表される組成を有する、製造方法。
LiαNiaCobMncMdO2-(β/2)Xβ・・・(I)
ここで、前記式(I)中、
Mは、Mg、Al、Cr、V、Ti、Cr、Fe、Zr、Zn、Si、Y、Nb、Ga、Sn、Mo、W、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される元素であり、
Xは、ハロゲン元素であり、
α、β、a、b、c及びdは、下記条件(1)~(8)を満たす。
0.90≦α≦1.5・・・(1)
0≦β≦0.1・・・(2)
0.55≦a≦0.9・・・(3)
0≦b≦0.45・・・(4)
0≦c≦0.45・・・(5)
0≦d≦0.1・・・(6)
0.1≦b+c+d≦0.45・・・(7)
a+b+c+d=1・・・(8) - 前記重合体のヨウ素価が3g/100g以上60g/100g以下である、請求項1に記載の二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法。
- 前記重合体が、芳香族ビニル単量体単位を更に含む、請求項1又は2に記載の二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法。
- 前記重合体が、親水性基含有単量体単位を更に含む、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4の何れかに記載の方法に従って二次電池正極用スラリー組成物を製造するスラリー組成物製造工程と、前記スラリー組成物製造工程にて得られたスラリー組成物を、集電体の少なくとも片面に塗布し、乾燥して正極合材層を形成する工程とを含む、
二次電池用正極の製造方法。 - 正極、負極、セパレータ、及び、電解液を含む二次電池の製造方法であって、
請求項5に記載の方法に従って前記正極を製造する工程を含む、二次電池の製造方法。
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| KR1020217037716A KR102913862B1 (ko) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-19 | 이차 전지 정극용 슬러리 조성물의 제조 방법, 이차 전지용 정극의 제조 방법, 및 이차 전지의 제조 방법 |
| EP20814266.1A EP3978444A4 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-19 | SUSPENSION COMPOSITION PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SECONDARY BATTERY POSITIVE ELECTRODES, POSITIVE ELECTRODE PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES AND SECONDARY BATTERY PRODUCTION METHOD |
| US17/595,943 US11811065B2 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-19 | Method of producing slurry composition for secondary battery positive electrode, method of producing positive electrode for secondary battery, and method of producing secondary battery |
| JP2021522254A JP7687204B2 (ja) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-05-19 | 二次電池正極用スラリー組成物の製造方法、二次電池用正極の製造方法、及び、二次電池の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP4369449A4 (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2025-10-08 | Lg Energy Solution Ltd | LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY |
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| EP3978444A4 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
| KR20220015387A (ko) | 2022-02-08 |
| US11811065B2 (en) | 2023-11-07 |
| JP7687204B2 (ja) | 2025-06-03 |
| US20220231297A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 |
| CN113785421A (zh) | 2021-12-10 |
| EP3978444A1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
| CN113785421B (zh) | 2025-09-19 |
| JPWO2020241384A1 (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
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