WO2020027325A1 - 無針注射器 - Google Patents
無針注射器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020027325A1 WO2020027325A1 PCT/JP2019/030523 JP2019030523W WO2020027325A1 WO 2020027325 A1 WO2020027325 A1 WO 2020027325A1 JP 2019030523 W JP2019030523 W JP 2019030523W WO 2020027325 A1 WO2020027325 A1 WO 2020027325A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- injection
- injection target
- nozzle
- syringe
- nozzle portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/30—Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/178—Syringes
- A61M5/31—Details
- A61M5/315—Pistons; Piston-rods; Guiding, blocking or restricting the movement of the rod or piston; Appliances on the rod for facilitating dosing ; Dosing mechanisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/42—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for desensitising skin, for protruding skin to facilitate piercing, or for locating point where body is to be pierced
- A61M5/425—Protruding skin to facilitate piercing, e.g. vacuum cylinders, vein immobilising means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/46—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for controlling depth of insertion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a needle-free injector for injecting a substance to be injected into a region to be injected without passing through an injection needle.
- Needleless syringes are widely known in which an injection solution is ejected without passing through an injection needle to inject an object.
- a cylindrical skirt is formed on the distal end side, and an injection tube is disposed in a compartment defined by the skirt.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in such a needleless syringe, a fluid drug is injected into a patient through a port in a state where the port of an injection tube is pressed against the patient's skin and the syringe is positioned. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 in a needleless syringe in which an injection tube is arranged in the compartment defined by the skirt as described above, a suction pump is used by a suction pump while the open end of the skirt is pressed against the patient's skin. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a drug injection device provided with a needle tube having a needle tip capable of puncturing a living body, wherein the adjusting portion provided with the needle tip of the needle tube is in contact with the skin when the needle tube is punctured into the living body. It is disclosed that a cylindrical stable portion is provided. In this technique, for example, the distance from the portion in contact with the skin to the adjustment portion in the stable portion is set to be in a range of 4 mm to 15 mm. This prevents blister formation in the diseased part from being hindered by the stable part.
- a needleless syringe is provided with a nozzle portion having an injection port for emitting an injection target substance.
- an appropriate contact state is formed between the injection target area and the nozzle portion in order to accurately deliver the injection target substance emitted from the injection port to the target site of the injection target area, That condition must be maintained during the injection of the injection target substance into the target site.
- the contact state between the injection target region and the nozzle portion that enables accurate delivery of the injection target substance to the target site of the injection target region may be hereinafter referred to as a “desired contact state”. is there.
- the contact state between the injection target area and the nozzle unit may change due to a user's technique difference or the like. Therefore, simply pressing the nozzle portion against the surface of the injection target region by the user may make it difficult to form a desired contact state.
- the adjusting section and the stabilizing section are configured to define the position of the needle tip of the needle tube pierced into the skin. It cannot be applied to a needleless syringe as it is.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a needle-free injector that can appropriately form and maintain a desired contact state between an injection target region and a nozzle portion.
- the needleless syringe of the present invention includes a nozzle portion and a pressing portion, and a predetermined gap is formed between the nozzle portion and the pressing portion.
- the needle-free injector of the present invention is configured such that the inner diameter (b) of the portion of the pressing portion that comes into contact with the injection target region at the tip portion contacts the injection target region at the tip portion of the nozzle portion.
- the ratio (b / a) defined by dividing by the width (a) of the portion is configured to belong to the range of 1.5 or more and 5.0 or less, and the injection target area is pressed by the pressing portion.
- the predetermined gap accommodates a part of the injection target area. With such a configuration, a desired contact state between the injection target region and the nozzle portion can be appropriately formed and maintained.
- the needle-free injector of the present invention ejects the injection target substance in a state where the injection target area is pressed without passing through the injection needle, thereby injecting the injection target substance into the injection target area.
- a needle syringe provided in a housing of the needleless syringe, for accommodating the target substance for injection, and provided in the housing for ejecting the target substance for injection stored in the storage part.
- a driving unit that generates injection energy, and a nozzle unit that is provided to project from a predetermined end that is a predetermined end of the housing on the side of the housing unit, and that is provided with the injection energy generated by the driving unit.
- An injection port for injecting the injection target substance into the injection target area is formed, and when the injection target substance is injected from the injection port, the tip portion contacts the injection target area.
- a pressing portion that protrudes from the predetermined end and is provided in a cylindrical shape so as to surround the nozzle portion and form a predetermined gap between the nozzle portion and the nozzle portion.
- a pressing portion configured such that a tip portion comes into contact with the injection target region when the injection target substance is ejected from the ejection port.
- the nozzle portion is formed such that a width (a) of a portion of the tip portion that comes into contact with the injection target region belongs to a range of 3.5 mm or more and 5.5 mm or less.
- the syringe is obtained by dividing an inner diameter (b) of a portion of the tip portion of the pressing portion that contacts the injection target region by a width (a) of a portion of the tip portion of the nozzle portion that contacts the injection target region.
- the defined ratio (b / a) is configured to belong to the range of 1.5 or more and 5.0 or less, and when the injection target area is pressed by the pressing portion, the predetermined gap is set. Is configured to accommodate a part of the injection target area.
- the nozzle portion is provided so as to protrude from a predetermined end of the housing and be surrounded by a pressing portion that presses the injection target region. Therefore, when the injection target region is pressed by the pressing portion provided in the needleless syringe of the present invention, the region surrounded by the pressing portion in the injection target region enters a predetermined gap so as to rise toward the syringe. Is pressed against the tip of the nozzle. Then, when the injection target region and the nozzle portion are brought into contact with each other in this way, a desired contact state between the injection target region and the nozzle portion is easily formed and maintained.
- the ratio (b / a) is smaller than 1.5, the predetermined gap is narrowed, so that it is difficult to secure a space for the injection target area to be deformed as described above. Also, if the ratio (b / a) is larger than 5.0, the pressing by the pressing portion on the injection target region is easily affected by the shape of the injection target region, and the pressing is not uniform. Can occur. As a result, if the desired contact state between the injection target area and the nozzle part is not formed and maintained when the injection target substance is injected into the injection target area, the injection target substance can be accurately removed. It may not be possible to reach the target site in the injection target area.
- the inner diameter (b) of the tip portion of the pressing portion that comes into contact with the injection target region is determined by the width (a) of the tip portion of the nozzle portion that comes into contact with the injection target region.
- the ratio (b / a) defined by the division is in the range of 1.5 or more and 5.0 or less.
- (b / a) is 2.0 or more and 4.5 or less.
- the said width in a nozzle part is a width
- the swelling of the injection target area can be satisfactorily expressed in the predetermined gap, and the predetermined gap can appropriately accommodate the injection target area deformed so as to swell.
- the width (a) is set to be 3.5 mm or more and 5.5 mm or less, so that the tip surface of the nozzle portion and the injection target area are stably contacted. It becomes possible.
- a desired contact state can be formed between the injection target region and the nozzle portion. Furthermore, a desired contact state can be formed and maintained even with the injection target region having an inclination.
- such a desired contact state can be stably formed. This is because, in the above-described deformation mode of the injection target region, the influence of the geometrical shape of the pressing portion and the nozzle portion becomes dominant, and thus the contact between the injection target region and the nozzle portion due to a user's technique difference or the like. This is because a situation in which the state changes hardly occurs. Further, in the needleless syringe, since the injection target region accommodated in the predetermined gap surrounds the nozzle portion, the nozzle portion is fixed, so that the desired region formed between the injection target region and the nozzle portion is formed. The contact state is easily maintained.
- a desired contact state can be suitably formed and maintained between the injection target region and the nozzle portion, and administration of the injection target substance to the target site of the injection target region can be performed.
- the pressing portion may have a tapered shape in which the distance between the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface gradually decreases toward the distal end along the axial direction. According to this, by concentrating the load on the injection target region by the pressing portion, a part of the injection target region is easily accommodated in the predetermined gap, and the pressed state is easily maintained stably. A desired contact state can be stably formed and maintained between the target region and the nozzle portion.
- the nozzle portion may be formed so that the width thereof gradually decreases toward the tip end. According to such a configuration, when the injection target region is pressed by the pressing portion and the injection target region is deformed as described above, the deformed injection target region and the tip end portion of the nozzle unit are more likely to be in close contact with each other. Then, the injection target region surrounds the distal end portion of the nozzle portion and closely adheres to the distal end portion, and the nozzle portion is easily fixed by the injection target region. As a result, a desired contact state between the injection target area and the nozzle portion is easily maintained.
- a desired contact state can be suitably formed and maintained between the injection target region and the nozzle portion.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure showing the schematic structure of the syringe concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure for explaining the contact state between the injection object field and the tip of the nozzle part when the injection solution is injected into the injection field of the object. It is a figure showing the contact state between the skin of a living body and the tip of a nozzle part when the skin of a living body is pressed by a rim, and a desired contact state is formed between the skin and the nozzle part.
- FIG. It is a figure showing the contact state of the skin of a living body, and the tip part of a nozzle part when the skin of a living body is pressed by the rim, when the clearance gap composition ratio is smaller than 1.5.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a contact state between the skin of the living body and the tip of the nozzle portion when the skin of the living body is pressed by the rim in Modification Example 1. It is a figure showing the schematic structure of the syringe concerning modification 2 of the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure in modification 2 showing the state of contact between the skin of a living body and the tip of a nozzle part when the skin of a living body is pressed by a rim.
- syringe 1 a needleless needleless syringe 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “syringe 1”) will be described as an example of a syringe according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
- the configurations of the following embodiments are exemplifications, and the present invention is not limited to the configurations of these embodiments.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the syringe 1
- FIGS. 1B and 1C are views of the syringe 1 as viewed from the distal end side.
- injection liquid the injection target substance to be injected into the injection target region of the target object by the syringe 1
- injection liquid the injection target substance to be injected into the injection target region of the target object by the syringe 1
- injection liquid the injection target substance to be injected into the injection target region of the target object by the syringe 1
- injection liquid injection target substance to be injected into the injection target region of the target object by the syringe 1
- Injectable substances the components to be delivered to the skin structure may or may not be dissolved.Injectable substances can also be injected from the outlet into the skin structure by applying pressure. If there is, the specific form is not questionable, and various forms such as liquid, gel, powder and the like can be adopted.
- the syringe 1 has a housing 2 including a distal housing 3, a proximal housing 4, and a syringe 5, and the syringe 5 is disposed between the distal housing 3 and the proximal housing 4.
- the housing 2 is configured by fixing these with screws and integrating them.
- the distal end housing 3, the proximal end housing 4, and the syringe part 5 can be connected by a known method other than screws.
- a hole 40 which is an internal space extending in the axial direction is formed inside the proximal housing 4.
- the syringe section 5 has a storage chamber (storage section) 50 for storing the injection liquid ML therein.
- the syringe part 5 is screwed and attached to the base end housing 4, and in the mounted state, the hole 40 in the base end housing 4 and the accommodation chamber 50 in the syringe part 5 are continuous spaces.
- the injection liquid ML is stored in the storage chamber 50 in a liquid-tight manner by the plunger 7, and the plunger 7 is exposed to the hole 40 side.
- the plunger 7 is arranged so as to be slidable in the accommodation chamber 50, and further slides to pressurize the injection liquid ML, thereby injecting the injection liquid from the injection port.
- the plunger 7 is formed of a rubber member whose surface is thinly coated with silicone oil so that the plunger 7 can smoothly slide in the storage chamber 50.
- the surface of the plunger 7 may be subjected to fluorine processing.
- a metal piston 6 is disposed in the hole 40 in the base end housing 4, and the piston 6 is slidably held in the hole 40.
- the piston 6 is formed in a substantially axial shape extending along the axial direction of the hole 40, and has a first end 6 a that contacts a plunger 7 disposed on the syringe section 5, and an opposite side to the first end 6 a. And a second end 6b that defines a combustion chamber 41 described later.
- a combustion product generated by combustion of an ignition charge which will be described later, is sealed in the combustion chamber 41, and the piston 6 can slide smoothly in the hole 40.
- An O-ring 6c is arranged.
- the initiator 20 is arranged on the base end side housing 4 on the side opposite to the side where the syringe part 5 is attached. As shown in FIG. 1A, the initiator 20 is provided at a proximal end of the housing 2. Then, the combustion chamber 41 formed at one end of the hole 40 by the initiator 20 is closed. Here, the space defined by the initiator 20 and the second end 6 b of the piston 6 in the hole 40 becomes the combustion chamber 41. When a voltage is applied to the initiator 20, the ignition charge of the initiator 20 burns. Then, combustion products generated by the combustion of the ignition charge flow into the combustion chamber 41, and the pressure in the combustion chamber 41 increases. In this way, injection energy for injecting the injection liquid ML stored in the storage chamber 50 is generated. Note that the initiator 20 serves as a driving unit that generates the injection energy.
- the explosive used in the syringe 1 is preferably an explosive containing zirconium and potassium perchlorate (ZPP), an explosive containing titanium hydride and potassium perchlorate (THPP), titanium and potassium perchlorate.
- ZPP zirconium and potassium perchlorate
- THPP titanium hydride and potassium perchlorate
- Explosive containing TiPP explosive containing aluminum and potassium perchlorate (APP), explosive containing aluminum and bismuth oxide (ABO), explosive containing aluminum and molybdenum oxide (AMO), explosive containing aluminum and copper oxide (ACO) ), An explosive containing aluminum and iron oxide (AFO), or an explosive consisting of a combination of a plurality of these explosives.
- a gas generating agent that generates gas by burning by a combustion product generated by the combustion of the ignition charge is arranged in the combustion chamber 41. You may. If a gas generating agent is disposed in the combustion chamber 41, as an example, a single-base smokeless explosive composed of 98% by mass of nitrocellulose, 0.8% by mass of diphenylamine, and 1.2% by mass of potassium sulfate is exemplified. It is also possible to use various gas generating agents used in gas generators for airbags and gas generators for seatbelt pretensioners.
- the predetermined gas generated at the time of combustion contains a gas component even at room temperature, so that the rate of decrease in the generated pressure is small.
- the combustion completion time during the combustion of the gas generating agent is longer than that of the igniting charge, but the size, size, shape, and particularly the surface shape of the gas generating agent when arranged in the combustion chamber 41 is reduced.
- the pressure generated in the combustion chamber 41 can be appropriately adjusted.
- the distal end side housing 3 is further screwed and attached to the syringe portion 5.
- the distal housing 3 is attached to the syringe section 5 with the gasket 3a interposed therebetween.
- the nozzle 8 and the rim 9 are formed integrally with the distal housing 3.
- the nozzle portion 8 and the rim 9 (pressing portion) are provided so as to protrude from a predetermined end portion 2a which is a predetermined end portion on the front end side (the accommodation chamber 50 side) of the housing 2.
- the nozzle portion 8 and the rim 9 may be provided as separate components from the distal end housing 3.
- the protruding directions of the nozzle portion 8 and the rim 9 are parallel to the axial direction of the housing 2, but need not necessarily be parallel to the axis, and may be slightly inclined.
- the nozzle portion 8 has a main body 8a whose diameter is smaller than that of the syringe portion 5 of the distal end side housing 3.
- the main body 8a has a proximal end portion 82a whose diameter gradually decreases from the predetermined end portion 2a toward the distal end along the axial direction, a distal end portion 81a formed on the distal end side with respect to the proximal end portion 82a, including.
- the diameter of the distal end portion 81a of the main body 8a is represented as D1.
- an injection port 8b is formed at a distal end portion 81a of the main body 8a.
- the injection liquid ML pressurized by the plunger 7 flows through a flow path formed in the distal end housing 3 and is injected from the injection port 8b.
- the piston 6 slides toward the distal end side of the syringe 1.
- the plunger 7 presses the injection liquid ML stored in the storage chamber 50.
- the injection liquid ML flows through the flow path formed in the distal housing 3 and is injected from the injection port 8b toward the injection target area.
- a plurality of injection ports 8b may be formed at the distal end portion 81a of the main body 8a, or one injection port 8b may be formed.
- a flow path corresponding to each injection port is formed in the main body 8a of the nozzle unit 8 so that the injection liquid ML is sent to each injection port as evenly as possible. Is done.
- the injection ports are arranged at equal intervals around the central axis of the syringe 1.
- a rim 9 is formed around the nozzle portion 8 in the distal end side housing 3.
- the rim 9 is formed in a cylindrical shape protruding from the predetermined end 2a, and has an inner diameter represented as d2 as shown in FIG.
- the distance between the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the rim 9 is constant without changing along the axial direction.
- the rim 9 is annular in a continuous shape in the circumferential direction, but may be formed in a plurality of independent arc shapes as long as the effects of the present invention described later are obtained. However, also in this case, the length of the arc is set to be longer than the distance between adjacent arcs.
- a predetermined gap 10 is formed between the rim 9 and the nozzle portion 8.
- the gap 10 is provided between the rim 9 and the nozzle portion 8 as described above, and the injection target area is injected by the rim 9 when the injection liquid ML is injected into the injection target area of the target object. Is pressed, a part of the injection target region enters the gap 10 at this time. In other words, the gap 10 accommodates a part of the injection target area.
- the rim 9 serves as a pressing portion that presses the injection target area.
- the surface on the distal end side of the rim 9 (that is, the surface that presses the injection target region as described later) and the distal end surface of the distal end portion 8a of the nozzle portion 8 (that is, the surface that comes into contact with the injection target region at the time of injection) ) Is a positional relationship located on the same plane in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the housing 2, that is, a flush positional relationship.
- the positional relationship between the surface on the distal end side of the rim 9 and the surface on the distal end side of the distal end portion 8a of the nozzle portion 8 is not limited to the above-described positional relationship.
- the term “level positional relationship” in the disclosure of the present application also includes a positional relationship in which there is a deviation of a processing tolerance or an assembly tolerance of a part, which is common knowledge in the art. That is, if the deviation between the surface on the distal end side of the rim 9 and the surface on the distal end side of the distal end portion 8a of the nozzle portion 8 is approximately the same as the tolerance in the syringe 1, it can be treated as a flush positional relationship. . This will be described in detail below.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a contact state between the injection target region and the tip portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 when the injection liquid ML is injected into the injection target region of the target object.
- injection of the injection liquid ML is performed in a state where the injection target area is pressed by the rim 9.
- FIG. 2A shows a state in which the surface of the injection target area and the tip of the rim 9 are in contact (a state in which no load is applied to the injection target area), and
- FIG. 2) shows a state in which the injection target area is further pressed by the rim 9 from the state shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2C illustrates a state in which the initiator 20 is operated in the state illustrated in FIG. 2B and the injection of the injection liquid ML is completed.
- the injection target area in contact with the rim 9 is pushed down, and a part of the injection target area enters the gap 10.
- the nozzle portion 8 is not arranged inside the rim 9 of the cylindrical body, the injection target region tends to bulge in an arc-shaped section inside the rim 9.
- the injection target area rises in a dome shape inside the rim 9.
- the injection target region that is going to bulge in an arc toward the syringe 1 inside the rim 9 is the tip of the nozzle portion 8. While being pressed against the portion 81a, the injection target area existing inside the rim 9 enters the gap 10. In the syringe 1 of the present invention, the injection target area is brought into contact with the nozzle portion 8 in this manner. In the state shown in FIG.
- the gap 10 suitably accommodates the injection target area existing in the area surrounded by the inner peripheral edge of the rim 9 having the inner diameter d2, and the injection target area and the nozzle It is assumed that a desired contact state to be described later is formed with the portion 8.
- the injection liquid ML when the injection liquid ML is injected into the injection target region of the target object, the injection liquid ML is injected from the injection port 8b in a state where the injection target region is in contact with the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8. Is injected. At this time, if an appropriate contact state is formed between the injection target area and the nozzle portion 8 and the appropriate contact state is not maintained during injection of the injection liquid ML, the injection liquid ML can be accurately injected. It may not be possible to reach the target part of the area.
- the width of the portion of the tip portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 that comes into contact with the injection target region belongs to a range of 3.5 mm or more and 5.5 mm or less.
- the nozzle portion 8 is formed. Note that these values (3.5 mm, 5.5 mm) are target values in manufacturing, and in consideration of dimensional tolerance, the diameter D1 of the tip portion 81a is slightly smaller than 3.5 mm or slightly larger than 5.5 mm. Sometimes it gets bigger.
- the range of 3.5 mm or more and 5.5 mm or less in the present invention does not exclude such a case (for example, a case where the diameter D1 is 3.4 mm or 5.6 mm due to manufacturing variation).
- the syringe 1 according to the present invention is defined by dividing the inner diameter of the tip of the rim 9 in contact with the injection target area, that is, the inner diameter d2 of the rim 9 by the diameter D1 of the tip 81a of the nozzle 8. (Hereinafter, also referred to as a “gap constituent ratio”) in a range of 1.5 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the contact between the injection target area and the nozzle portion 8 that enables accurate delivery of the injection liquid ML to the target site of the injection target area can be performed in a state where the state (hereinafter, may be referred to as “desired contact state”) is appropriately formed and maintained. This will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows a contact state between the skin of the living body and the tip portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 when the skin of the living body is pressed by the rim 9.
- the diameter D1 of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 belongs to the range of 3.5 mm or more and 5.5 mm or less, and the gap configuration ratio is 1.5 or more and 5 mm or less. It is assumed that it belongs to a range of 0.0 or less.
- the contact area between the distal end surface of the nozzle portion 8 and the skin becomes relatively small.
- the contact state between the skin and the nozzle unit 8 is likely to change in accordance with the user's procedure or the like in the process of being performed. More specifically, when the diameter D1 of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 is smaller than 3.5 mm, the distal end surface of the nozzle portion 8 hardly comes into contact with the skin as a surface, and the contact state between the skin and the nozzle portion 8 is reduced. It is difficult to maintain stable.
- the injection target region accommodated in the gap 10 presses the outer peripheral surface of the tip portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8, but when the diameter D1 of the tip portion 81a is smaller than 3.5 mm, It becomes difficult to uniformly press the outer peripheral surface of the tip portion 81a. Therefore, the contact state between the skin and the nozzle portion 8 is stably maintained by setting the diameter D1 of the tip portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 to 3.5 mm or more.
- a vial adapter (a product conforming to ISO 594) can be fitted, and a drug can be sucked up from a vial bottle, which is more practical.
- the diameter D1 is excessively large. That is, if the diameter D1 of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 is larger than 5.5 mm, when the skin is pressed by the rim 9, the skin and the nozzle portion 8 are brought into contact with each other, There is a possibility that the formation is hindered by the nozzle unit 8. In addition, when the diameter D1 of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 increases, the inner diameter d2 of the rim 9 also increases accordingly, making it difficult for the rim 9 to uniformly press the skin.
- the diameter D1 of the tip portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 is stably maintained.
- the diameter is 4.5 mm or less, it can be fitted with a vial adapter (ISO 594 compliant product), and the medicine can be sucked up from the vial bottle, which is more practical. This will be described below together with the description of the gap composition ratio.
- FIG. 4A shows the biological skin and the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 when the biological skin is pressed by the rim 9 when the gap configuration ratio is smaller than 1.5 (for example, 1.2). It is a figure which illustrates the contact state with.
- the gap composition ratio is smaller than 1.5, the gap 10 is narrowed as shown in FIG. 4A, so that it is difficult to secure a space inside the rim 9 for deforming the skin so as to rise.
- the above-mentioned deformation of the skin inside the rim 9 is inhibited, so that a desired contact state between the skin and the nozzle portion 8 cannot be formed.
- FIG. 4B shows the skin of the living body and the tip of the nozzle portion 8 when the skin of the living body is pressed by the rim 9 when the gap configuration ratio is larger than 5.0 (for example, 5.5). It is a figure which illustrates the contact state with part 81a. If the gap configuration ratio is larger than 5.0, the inner diameter d2 of the rim 9 becomes relatively large, so that it is difficult for the rim 9 to uniformly press the skin. This is because, in this case, the skin is pressed by the rim 9 over a relatively wide area, and the skin is easily affected by a predetermined shape of the living body. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the gap configuration ratio is smaller than 1.5 or larger than 5.0, a desired contact state between the injection target area and the nozzle unit 8 cannot be formed. Then, even when the inner diameter d2 of the rim 9 is increased as the diameter D1 of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 is increased, the skin is less likely to be uniformly pressed by the rim 9 as described above. Therefore, a desired contact state between the injection target area and the nozzle portion 8 cannot be formed.
- the gap 10 is relatively widened by setting the gap composition ratio to 1.5 or more, and the space for deforming the skin so that the skin rises inside the rim 9. Is secured. Further, by setting the gap composition ratio to 5.0 or less, the skin is easily pressed uniformly by the rim 9, and the swelling of the skin in the gap 10 can be favorably expressed. According to the above, it is possible to appropriately accommodate the injection target region that is deformed so that the gap 10 is raised by the pressing by the rim 9.
- the gap configuration ratio is 2.0 or more and 4.5 or less.
- the diameter D1 of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 is 3.5 mm or more and 5.5 mm or less, it is possible to make the distal end surface of the nozzle portion 8 and the skin come into stable contact.
- the diameter D1 is not less than 4.0 mm and not more than 4.5 mm.
- such a desired contact state can be stably formed. This is because, in the deformation mode of the injection target area inside the rim 9, the influence of the above-described geometric shape of the rim 9 and the tip portion 81 a of the nozzle portion 8 becomes dominant, and the injection is caused due to a difference in the user's technique or the like. This is because a situation in which the contact state between the target area and the nozzle unit 8 changes is less likely to occur.
- the injection target area accommodated in the gap 10 surrounds the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 and presses the outer peripheral surface of the distal end portion 81a. Then, since the nozzle portion 8 is fixed by such an injection target region, a desired contact state is easily maintained.
- a desired contact state between the injection target region and the nozzle portion 8 can be appropriately formed and maintained.
- the injection of the injection liquid ML to the target site in the injection target region can be performed accurately, stably, and reproducibly.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of the syringe 1 according to the present modification
- FIGS. 5B and 5C are views of the syringe 1 according to the present modification as viewed from the distal end side.
- the rim 9 has the tapered portion 9a.
- a tapered portion 9a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical rim 9, and the distance between the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the rim 9 is gradually increased along the axial direction toward the distal end side by the tapered portion 9a. It is gradually reduced.
- a tapered portion may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical rim 9 so that the distance between the inner peripheral surface and the outer peripheral surface of the rim 9 gradually decreases toward the distal end along the axial direction. .
- the inner diameter of the distal end surface of the rim 9 is represented as d2 '.
- the diameter is defined by dividing the inner diameter of the tip of the rim 9 in contact with the injection target area, that is, the inner diameter d2 'of the tip of the rim 9 by the diameter D1 of the tip 81a of the nozzle 8.
- the gap composition ratio is in the range of 1.5 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the contact state between the skin of the living body and the tip portion 81a of the nozzle 8 when the skin of the living body is pressed by the rim 9 is shown in the example shown in FIG.
- the rim 9 bites relatively deeply into the skin. This is because, when the pressing force is the same, the load applied to the skin surface by the distal end surface of the rim 9 concentrates as the distal end portion of the rim 9 becomes thinner (the area of the distal end surface of the rim 9 becomes smaller). Then, even when the skin is pressed in this way, the skin deformed so as to swell by the pressing is appropriately accommodated in the gap 10, and a desired contact state is formed between the skin and the nozzle portion 8.
- a desired contact state can be stably formed and maintained between the injection target region and the nozzle portion 8. This is because the rim 9 bites relatively deeply into the injection target region, so that the pressed state of the rim 9 against the injection target region is easily maintained stably. According to this, for example, even if the syringe 1 is tilted or the like during the injection operation, the injection target region deformed as described above inside the rim 9 can be changed in a good manner after the deformation. Can be fixed.
- FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the syringe 1 according to this modification
- FIGS. 7B and 7C are views of the syringe 1 according to this modification as viewed from the distal end side.
- the main body 8a of the nozzle portion 8 has a base end portion 82a whose diameter gradually decreases from the predetermined end portion 2a toward the distal end along the axial direction, A tip portion 81a formed closer to the tip end than the end portion 82a and having a diameter that does not change over the entire length.
- the main body 8a of the nozzle portion 8 is formed at the same base end 82a as the syringe 1 according to the above-described embodiment, and at the more distal end side than the base end 82a. And a tip portion 811a whose diameter gradually decreases toward the tip side along the axial direction.
- the diameter of the distal end surface of the distal end portion 811a of the nozzle portion 8 is represented as D1 '.
- a desired contact state between the injection target area and the nozzle portion 8 can be suitably formed and maintained. This will be described with reference to FIG.
- the contact state between the skin of the living body and the tip 811a of the nozzle portion 8 when the skin of the living body is pressed by the rim 9 is shown in the example shown in FIG.
- the distal end portion 811a of the nozzle portion 8 can easily bite into the skin. Then, the nozzle portion 8 is easily fixed by the injection target region surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the distal end portion 811a, and a desired contact state between the injection target region and the nozzle portion 8 is easily maintained.
- the syringe 1 was operated in a state where the accommodating chamber 50 of the syringe 1 was filled with 100 ⁇ L of black ink and the abdomen of the pig was pressed by the rim 9 of the syringe 1. Then, after the entire amount of black ink was discharged from the ejection port 8b of the nozzle unit 8 by the operation of the syringe 1, the syringe 1 was separated from the skin surface and the affected part surface was observed. Further, the skin of the affected part was cut out and the affected part cross section was observed.
- the diameter D1 of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 is set to 3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, and 5.5 mm belonging to the range of 3.5 mm to 5.5 mm.
- the inner diameter d2 of the rim 9 is 8.5 mm
- d2 / D1 1.9
- d2 / D1 1.5.
- Table 1 shows the experimental results of observing the affected part surface and affected part cross section when the gap configuration ratio d2 / D1 was 1.2, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, and 6.0.
- the “leakage” in the experimental results indicates the presence or absence of the phenomenon that the black ink discharged from the syringe 1 leaks out of the skin without being administered to the pig skin. Is determined.
- the “administration depth” indicates a site where the ink discharged from the syringe 1 reaches the living body of the pig, and the administration depth is determined by observing the cross section of the affected part.
- the entire amount of the ink discharged from the syringe 1 was injected into the pig skin.
- Observation of the affected part surface confirmed that slight leakage occurred. This is because, as described in the above description of FIG. 4B, the swelling of the skin is less likely to appear in the gap 10, and the desired contact state between the skin and the nozzle unit 8 has not been formed. It is thought that this is the cause.
- observation of the cross section of the affected part confirmed that the black ink was distributed from intradermal to subcutaneous in the pig body.
- the experimental conditions and experimental results of the second administration experiment to the pig living body using the syringe 1 according to the present invention are shown below.
- the syringe 1 was operated in a state where the storage chamber 50 of the syringe 1 was filled with 100 ⁇ L of black ink and the abdomen of the pig was pressed by the rim 9 of the syringe 1. .
- the injection performance of the syringe 1 was confirmed by changing the positional relationship between the distal end surface of the rim 9 and the distal end surface of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 in the direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the housing 2.
- a pattern in which the distal end surface of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle distal end portion 8 is located 0.5 mm behind the distal end surface of the rim 9 (the protrusion of the distal end portion 81a is ⁇ 0) .5 mm pattern)
- a pattern in which the tip surface of the tip portion 81a of the nozzle tip portion 8 and the tip surface of the rim 9 are flush with each other (a pattern in which the protrusion of the tip portion 81a is 0 mm)
- the nozzle tip portion for each pressing force, a pattern in which the distal end surface of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle distal end portion 8 is located 0.5 mm behind the distal end surface of the rim 9 (the protrusion of the distal end portion 81a is ⁇ 0) .5 mm pattern)
- a pattern in which the tip surface of the tip portion 81a of the nozzle tip portion 8 and the tip surface of the rim 9 are flush with each other (a
- a pattern in which the distal end surface of the distal end portion 81a of the portion 8 is located 0.5 mm ahead of the distal end surface of the rim 9 (a pattern in which the protrusion of the distal end portion 81a is 0.5 mm) was prepared.
- the injection rate When a drug is administered to pig skin, the percentage of the value obtained by dividing the weight of the drug injected into the skin by the weight of the drug actually discharged into or out of the syringe is defined as the injection rate.
- the injection rate was 93% or more.
- the injection is smaller than in the case of flush injection. The rate dropped slightly. Therefore, in the syringe 1, the injection rate can be improved by setting the distal end surface of the distal end portion 81a of the nozzle portion 8 and the distal end surface of the rim 9 to be in the same positional relationship.
- syringe 1 for example, in the field of regenerative medicine for humans, a person skilled in the art can appropriately determine according to the site to be transplanted and the purpose of recellularization as shown in JP-A-2008-206477.
- Cells such as endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow cells, preosteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, skin cells, muscle cells, liver cells, kidney cells, intestinal cells, stem cells, and other fields of regenerative medicine It is possible to inject with the syringe 1 any cells considered in. More specifically, a liquid (cell suspension) containing the above cells is stored in the storage chamber 50, and by pressurizing the liquid, predetermined cells are injected and transplanted into a site to be transplanted.
- the syringe 1 according to the present invention can be used for delivery of DNA and the like as described in JP-T-2007-525192.
- the use of the syringe 1 according to the present invention is more preferable than the case of using a needle for delivery because the influence on cells, scaffold tissues, scaffolds, and the like can be suppressed.
- the syringe 1 according to the present invention is suitably used for delivering various genes, tumor suppressor cells, lipid envelopes, and the like, and for administering antigen genes to enhance immunity against pathogens.
- the field of various disease treatments fields described in JP-T-2008-508681, JP-T-2010-503616, etc.
- immuno-medicine field fields described in JP-T-2005-523679, etc.
- the syringe 1 can be used, and the usable field is not limited intentionally.
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Abstract
Description
図1(a)は注射器1の断面図であり、図1(b),(c)は注射器1を、先端側から見た図である。なお、本願の以降の記載においては、注射器1によって対象物の注射対象領域に注射される注射目的物質を「注射液」と総称する。しかし、これには注射される物質の内容や形態を限定する意図は無い。注射目的物質では、皮膚構造体に届けるべき成分が溶解していても溶解していなくてもよく、また注射目的物質も、加圧することで射出口から皮膚構造体に対して射出され得るものであれば、その具体的な形態は不問であり、液体、ゲル状、粉末状等様々な形態が採用できる。
次に、上述した実施形態の変形例1について、図5及び図6に基づいて説明する。なお、本変形例において、上述した実施形態と実質的に同一の構成については、その詳細な説明を省略する。図5(a)は本変形例に係る注射器1の断面図であり、図5(b),(c)は本変形例に係る注射器1を、先端側から見た図である。
次に、上述した実施形態の変形例2について、図7及び図8に基づいて説明する。なお、本変形例において、上述した実施形態と実質的に同一の構成については、その詳細な説明を省略する。図7(a)は本変形例に係る注射器1の断面図であり、図7(b),(c)は本変形例に係る注射器1を、先端側から見た図である。
(押圧力について)
ブタの腹部の皮膚に対するリム9による押圧力が4~6Nとなるようにした。
(ノズル部8の先端部81aの径D1について)
上述したように、ノズル部8の先端部81aの径D1が3.5mmよりも小さいと、皮膚とノズル部8との接触状態が安定して維持され難くなり、径D1が5.5mmよりも大きいと、皮膚における水泡形成がノズル部8によって阻害されてしまう虞がある。そのため、ノズル部8の先端部81aの径D1を、3.5mm~5.5mmの範囲に属する3.5mm、4.5mm、および5.5mmとした。
ここで、リム9の内径d2を8.5mmとすると、D1=3.5mmの場合にd2/D1=2.4、D1=4.5mmの場合にd2/D1=1.9、D1=5.5mmの場合にd2/D1=1.5となる。
また、リム9の内径d2を11.5mmとすると、D1=3.5mmの場合にd2/D1=3.3、D1=4.5mmの場合にd2/D1=2.6、D1=5.5mmの場合にd2/D1=2.1となる。
更に、リム9の内径d2を14.5mmとすると、D1=3.5mmの場合にd2/D1=4.1、D1=4.5mmの場合にd2/D1=3.2、D1=5.5mmの場合にd2/D1=2.6となる。
以下の表1に、隙間構成比率d2/D1を、1.2、1.5、3.0、5.0、6.0とした場合に患部表面及び患部断面を観察した実験結果を示す。なお、実験結果における「液漏れ」は、注射器1から吐出された墨汁がブタの皮膚内に投与されずに皮膚外に漏れ出す事象の有無を表しており、患部表面の観察によって液漏れの有無が判断される。また、「投与深さ」は、注射器1から吐出された墨汁のブタ生体内における到達部位を表しており、患部断面の観察によって投与深さが判断される。
患部表面の観察によって、僅かに液漏れが生じていることが確認された。これは、上記の図4Aの説明で述べたように、リム9の内側において皮膚が盛り上がるように変形するための空間が確保され難くなることにより、皮膚とノズル部8との間での所望の接触状態の形成がなされていないことが原因であると考えられる。また、皮膚内部に注入された墨汁については、患部断面の観察によって、ブタ生体内において墨汁が皮内から皮下にかけて分布していることが確認された。
(d2/D1=1.5、3.0、5.0の場合)
患部表面の観察によって、液漏れが無いことが確認された。つまり、注射器1から吐出された墨汁は、全量がブタの皮膚内部に注入された。また、患部断面の観察によって、ブタ生体内において墨汁が皮内から皮下にかけて分布していることが確認された。
(d2/D1=6.0の場合)
患部表面の観察によって、僅かに液漏れが生じていることが確認された。これは、上記の図4Bの説明で述べたように、隙間10内に皮膚の盛り上がりが現れにくくなったことにより、皮膚とノズル部8との間での所望の接触状態の形成がなされていないことが原因であると考えられる。また、皮膚内部に注入された墨汁については、患部断面の観察によって、ブタ生体内において墨汁が皮内から皮下にかけて分布していることが確認された。
ブタの腹部の皮膚に対するリム9による押圧力が4~6Nとなるようにした。
(D1及びd2/D1について)
いずれの実験においても、D1は3.5mm以上で且つ5.5mm以下の範囲に含まれ、d2/D1は1.5以上で5.0以下の範囲に含まれる。
(ノズル部8の先端部81aの先端面とリム9の先端面との位置関係について)
ノズル部8の先端部81aの先端面とリム9の先端面の位置関係が異なる3つのパターンを用意した。具体的には、各押圧力に対して、ノズル先端部8の先端部81aの先端面がリム9の先端面より0.5mm後方に位置しているパターン(先端部81aの出代が-0.5mmのパターン)と、ノズル先端部8の先端部81aの先端面とリム9の先端面とが面一に位置しているパターン(先端部81aの出代が0mmのパターン)と、ノズル先端部8の先端部81aの先端面がリム9の先端面より0.5mm前方に位置しているパターン(先端部81aの出代が0.5mmのパターン)と、を用意した。
本発明に係る注射器1によれば、例えば、ヒトに対する再生医療の分野において、特開2008-206477号公報に示すように、移植される部位及び再細胞化の目的に応じて当業者が適宜決定し得る細胞、例えば、内皮細胞、内皮前駆細胞、骨髄細胞、前骨芽細胞、軟骨細胞、繊維芽細胞、皮膚細胞、筋肉細胞、肝臓細胞、腎臓細胞、腸管細胞、幹細胞、その他再生医療の分野で考慮されるあらゆる細胞を、注射器1により注射することが可能である。より具体的には、上記細胞を含む液(細胞懸濁液)を、収容室50に収容し、それに対して加圧することで、移植される部位に所定の細胞を注射、移植する。
2・・・・ハウジング
3・・・・先端側ハウジング
4・・・・基端側ハウジング
5・・・・シリンジ部
6・・・・ピストン
7・・・・プランジャ
8・・・・ノズル部
8a・・・本体
81a・・先端部
8b・・・射出口
9・・・・リム
10・・・・隙間
20・・・・イニシエータ
50・・・・収容室
Claims (4)
- 注射針を介することなく、注射対象領域を押圧した状態で注射目的物質を射出することによって、該注射目的物質を該注射対象領域に注射する無針注射器であって、
前記無針注射器のハウジングに設けられた、前記注射目的物質を収容する収容部と、
前記ハウジングに設けられ、前記収容部に収容された前記注射目的物質を射出するための射出エネルギーを発生させる駆動部と、
前記ハウジングの前記収容部の側の所定の端部である所定端部から突出して設けられたノズル部であって、前記駆動部により発生された射出エネルギーが付与された前記注射目的物質を前記注射対象領域に向かって射出する射出口が形成され、該射出口から該注射目的物質が射出されるときに、先端部が該注射対象領域と接触するように構成されたノズル部と、
前記ノズル部を囲むとともに該ノズル部との間に所定の隙間が形成されるように、前記所定端部から突出して円筒状に設けられた押圧部であって、前記射出口から前記注射目的物質が射出されるときに、先端部が前記注射対象領域と接触するように構成された押圧部と、
を備え、
前記ノズル部は、その先端部における前記注射対象領域と接触する部分の幅(a)が、3.5mm以上で且つ5.5mm以下の範囲に属するように形成され、
前記押圧部の先端部における前記注射対象領域と接触する部分の内径(b)を、前記ノズル部の先端部における前記注射対象領域と接触する部分の幅(a)で除することにより定義される比率(b/a)が、1.5以上で且つ5.0以下の範囲に属するように構成されるとともに、
前記注射対象領域が前記押圧部によって押圧されると、前記所定の隙間が該注射対象領域の一部を収容するように構成される、
無針注射器。 - 前記押圧部は、その内周面と外周面との間隔が、軸方向に沿って先端側に向かうに従って徐々に小さくなるテーパ形状を有する、
請求項1に記載の無針注射器。 - 前記ノズル部は、その幅が、先端部に向かうに従って徐々に小さくなるように形成される、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の無針注射器。 - 前記ノズル部の先端面は、前記押圧部の先端面に対して、前記ハウジングの軸方向に垂直な方向において同一平面上に位置するように形成される、
請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の無針注射器。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020534776A JP7377204B2 (ja) | 2018-08-03 | 2019-08-02 | 無針注射器 |
| EP19843108.2A EP3831430B1 (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2019-08-02 | Needleless injector |
| CN201980051585.0A CN112533655B (zh) | 2018-08-03 | 2019-08-02 | 无针注射器 |
| US17/263,310 US12115352B2 (en) | 2018-08-03 | 2019-08-02 | Needleless injector |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018-146758 | 2018-08-03 | ||
| JP2018146758 | 2018-08-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2019/030523 Ceased WO2020027325A1 (ja) | 2018-08-03 | 2019-08-02 | 無針注射器 |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US12115352B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3831430B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7377204B2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2020027325A1 (ja) |
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| CN114588409B (zh) * | 2022-03-02 | 2023-12-08 | 苏州肯美特设备集成股份有限公司 | 一种低压无针注射装置 |
| CN117504053B (zh) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-11-29 | 江苏乐聚医药科技有限公司 | 用于无针注射器的药管和包括该药管的无针注射器 |
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- 2019-08-02 WO PCT/JP2019/030523 patent/WO2020027325A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-08-02 CN CN201980051585.0A patent/CN112533655B/zh active Active
- 2019-08-02 US US17/263,310 patent/US12115352B2/en active Active
- 2019-08-02 EP EP19843108.2A patent/EP3831430B1/en active Active
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| JPWO2022186145A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-09-09 | ||
| WO2022186145A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-09-09 | 株式会社ダイセル | 無針注射器に適用される補助具、補助具付き無針注射器、及び皮内への注射方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3831430A4 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
| EP3831430B1 (en) | 2025-07-23 |
| CN112533655B (zh) | 2023-08-22 |
| US12115352B2 (en) | 2024-10-15 |
| JP7377204B2 (ja) | 2023-11-09 |
| US20210162131A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
| JPWO2020027325A1 (ja) | 2021-08-02 |
| CN112533655A (zh) | 2021-03-19 |
| EP3831430A1 (en) | 2021-06-09 |
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