WO2020045549A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020045549A1 WO2020045549A1 PCT/JP2019/033838 JP2019033838W WO2020045549A1 WO 2020045549 A1 WO2020045549 A1 WO 2020045549A1 JP 2019033838 W JP2019033838 W JP 2019033838W WO 2020045549 A1 WO2020045549 A1 WO 2020045549A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by using the same, and a liquid crystal display device including the obtained liquid crystal alignment film. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent capable of providing a liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment properties, excellent pretilt angle developing ability, and high reliability, and a liquid crystal display element having excellent display quality.
- a liquid crystal alignment film plays a role of aligning liquid crystal in a certain direction.
- the main liquid crystal alignment film used industrially is a polyimide precursor polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid), a polyamic acid ester, or a polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment agent made of a polyimide solution. It is produced by coating and forming a film. In the case where the liquid crystal is aligned parallel or inclined with respect to the substrate surface, a surface stretching process by rubbing is further performed after the film is formed.
- a vertical alignment (VA) method when the liquid crystal is vertically aligned with respect to the substrate (referred to as a vertical alignment (VA) method), a long-chain alkyl, a cyclic group or a combination of a cyclic group and an alkyl group (for example, see Patent Document 1), a steroid skeleton (for example, a liquid crystal alignment film in which a hydrophobic group is introduced into a side chain of polyimide, such as that described in Patent Document 2, is used.
- a voltage is applied between the substrates to tilt the liquid crystal molecules in a direction parallel to the substrate, the liquid crystal molecules need to be tilted from the normal direction of the substrate to one direction in the substrate plane. .
- a method of providing a projection on the substrate a method of providing a slit in the display electrode, or rubbing the liquid crystal molecules slightly in one direction in the substrate plane from the normal direction of the substrate ( Pretilt), and further adding a photopolymerizable compound to the liquid crystal composition in advance and using it together with a vertical alignment film of polyimide or the like, and irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell to pretilt the liquid crystal.
- a method for example, see Patent Document 3 has been proposed.
- VA liquid crystal display elements are used in TVs and on-vehicle displays because of their features such as high contrast and wide viewing angle.
- a liquid crystal display device for TV uses a backlight that generates a large amount of heat in order to obtain high brightness
- a liquid crystal display device used in an in-vehicle application for example, a car navigation system or a meter panel, is used under a high temperature environment for a long time. May be used or neglected. If the pretilt angle changes gradually under such severe conditions, problems such as the inability to obtain initial display characteristics and the occurrence of uneven display may occur.
- the voltage holding characteristics and the charge storage characteristics are also affected by the liquid crystal alignment film. When the voltage holding ratio is low, the contrast of the display screen decreases. When the charge storage with respect to the DC voltage is large. Causes a phenomenon that the display screen is burned.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment film that can be used, a liquid crystal display device having the same, and a liquid crystal alignment agent that provides the same.
- ⁇ X> A polymer having a photo-alignable group represented by the following formula (pa-1) and a thermally crosslinkable group A as the component (A), and a polymer selected from polyimide and its precursor as the component (B) Having at least one group selected from a vertical alignment group and a tertiary butoxycarbonyl group or containing a polymer and a solvent which are at least one of chemically imidized, and the following requirements Z1 and A liquid crystal aligning agent satisfying at least one of Z2: Z1:
- the polymer as the component (A) further has a thermally crosslinkable group B.
- Z2 As a component (C), a compound having two or more thermally crosslinkable groups B in the molecule is further contained.
- A is optionally a group selected from fluorine, chlorine and cyano, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl residue (optionally, Pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene substituted with a cyano group or one or more halogen atoms), Represents 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene or phenylene, R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, —COO— or —OCO—, and R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent alicyclic A divalent heterocyclic group or a divalent fused cyclic group, R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, —COO— or —OCO—, and R 4 is a linear group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- thermally crosslinkable group A and the thermally crosslinkable group B are each independently a carboxyl group, an amino group, an alkoxymethylamide group, a hydroxymethylamide group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy site-containing group, an oxetanyl group, a thiiranyl group, an isocyanate group and a block.
- the groups B may be the same as one another.
- the liquid crystal alignment is good, the pretilt angle developing ability is excellent, the change in the pretilt angle after driving for a long time is small, the display reliability is excellent, the voltage holding characteristic is high, and the charge accumulation is improved.
- a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal alignment agent that can be reduced can be provided. Further, the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention has excellent display characteristics.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a polymer having a photo-alignable group represented by the following formula (pa-1) and a thermally crosslinkable group A as a component (A), and a polyimide and a precursor thereof as a component (B)
- the polymer as the component (A) further has a thermally crosslinkable group B.
- Z2 As a component (C), a compound having two or more thermally crosslinkable groups B in the molecule is further contained.
- A is optionally a group selected from fluorine, chlorine and cyano, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl residue (optionally, Pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, 2,5-furanylene substituted with a cyano group or one or more halogen atoms), Represents 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene or phenylene, R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, —COO— or —OCO—, and R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent alicyclic A divalent heterocyclic group or a divalent fused cyclic group, R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, —COO— or —OCO—, and R 4 is a linear group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
- thermally crosslinkable group A and the thermally crosslinkable group B are each independently a carboxyl group, an amino group, an alkoxymethylamide group, a hydroxymethylamide group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy site-containing group, an oxetanyl group, a thiiranyl group, an isocyanate group and a block.
- the groups B may be the same as one another.
- two or more in a molecule means, for example, a case where two or more same types of groups are contained in a molecule, for example, two or more epoxy groups, or a combination of an epoxy group and a thiirane group.
- the meaning includes the case where a total of two or more different groups are contained in the molecule.
- “Two or more in the molecule” preferably contains two or more groups of the same type in the molecule.
- the polymer as the component (A) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has high sensitivity to light, and thus can exhibit alignment control ability even when irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays with a low exposure.
- the component (A) when the polymer as the component (A) contains the heat crosslinkable group A and further contains the heat crosslinkable group B in the component, the component (A) can be used even when the firing time of the liquid crystal aligning agent is short.
- the cross-linking reaction containing the polymer which is is possible.
- the anisotropy tends to remain (memory) in the liquid crystal alignment film, so that the liquid crystal alignment is enhanced and the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is expressed. It is possible to do.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains a polymer as the component (B), so that it is possible to improve electric characteristics such as improvement in voltage holding ratio and suppression of residual charge accumulation.
- the photo-alignable group, the thermally crosslinkable group A, and the thermally crosslinkable group B represented by the above formula (pa-1) can all be side chains in the polymer. Thus, it can be paraphrased as “side chain”.
- side chain each component of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the site having photo-alignment represented by the above formula (pa-1) in the molecule can be represented by the following formula (a-1), for example.
- the site may include, but is not limited to, a structure derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (a-1-m).
- Ia is a monovalent organic group represented by the following formula (pa-1).
- A is optionally a group selected from fluorine, chlorine, cyano, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl residue (which is Pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 2,5-thiophenylene, optionally substituted with one cyano group or one or more halogen atoms), , 5-furanylene, 1,4- or 2,6-naphthylene or phenylene, R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, —COO— or —OCO—, and R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, valent alicyclic group, a divalent heterocyclic group, or a divalent condensed cyclic group, R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a -COO- or -OCO-, R 4 is C 1 -C Contains up to 40 linear or branched alkyl or alicycl
- S a represents a spacer unit, linking groups of the left S a is the main chain of the specific polymer, optionally via a spacer To do so.
- S a can be represented for example by the structure of the following formula (Sp).
- Binding of the left of the W 1 represents a bond to M b
- the bond to the right of W 3 represents a bond to Ia
- Ma represents a polymerizable group.
- the polymerizable group include (meth) acrylate, fumarate, maleate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, norbornene, radical polymerizable groups of (meth) acrylamide and derivatives thereof, and siloxane. it can.
- (meth) acrylate, ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone, styrene, vinyl, maleimide, and acrylamide are used.
- r is an integer satisfying 1 ⁇ r ⁇ 3.
- M b is selected from a single bond, a (r + 1) -valent heterocyclic ring, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a (r + 1) -valent aromatic group, and a (r + 1) -valent alicyclic group.
- each group is unsubstituted or one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a methyl group or a methoxy group.
- the aromatic group of A 1, A 2, and M b for example, benzene, biphenyl, an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 18 carbon atoms such as naphthalene.
- the alicyclic group of A 1, A 2, and M b can be mentioned such as cyclohexane, an alicyclic hydrocarbon having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as bicyclohexane.
- the heterocyclic ring in A 1, A 2, and M b may include, for example, pyridine, piperidine, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring piperazine.
- Examples of the alkyl group for A 1 and A 2 include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the group represented by the above (pa-1) is preferably a group represented by the following (pa-1-a).
- the site may include, but is not limited to, a structure derived from a monomer represented by the following formula (pa-1-ma).
- M a , M b , and Sa have the same definitions as described above.
- Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- X a and X b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, —COO— or —OCO—.
- R 2 is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent alicyclic group, or a divalent heterocyclic group.
- R 3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, —COO— or —OCO—.
- R 4 is a monovalent organic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms including a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group.
- R 5 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, preferably a methyl group, a methoxy group or a fluorine atom.
- a is an integer of 0 to 3
- b is an integer of 0 to 4.
- (pa-1-a) or (pa-1-ma) as a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms S a, linear or branched alkylenes having 1 to 8 carbon atoms Group, for example, methylene group, ethylene group, n-propylene group, n-butylene group, t-butylene group, n-pentylene group, n-hexylene group, n-heptylene group, and n-octylene group are preferable. .
- divalent aromatic group of S a for example, 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,3,5,6 A fluoro-1,4-phenylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- a divalent alicyclic group of Sa for example, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexyl Silen etc. can be mentioned.
- S a for example, 1,4-pyridylene, 2,5-pyridylene group, 1,4-furanylene group, 1,4-piperazine, 1,4-piperidine group be able to.
- S a is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably may be from an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the divalent aromatic group for R 2 include 1,4-phenylene group, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, 2,3,5,6-tetra Examples thereof include a fluoro-1,4-phenylene group and a naphthylene group.
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic group for R 2 include trans 1,4-cyclohexylene, trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene, and the like.
- Examples of the divalent heterocyclic group for R 2 include 1,4-pyridylene, 2,5-pyridylene, 1,4-furanylene, 1,4-piperazine, and 1,4-piperidine. be able to.
- R 2 is preferably a 1,4-phenylene group, trans 1,4-cyclohexylene, trans-trans-1,4-bicyclohexylene.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms for R 4 include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a part of hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group. Or all may be substituted by a fluorine atom.
- alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-octyl -Nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-lauryl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n -Nonadecyl group, n-eicosyl group, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl group, 4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl, 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro He
- Examples of the monovalent organic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms including an alicyclic group represented by R 4 include a cholesteryl group, a cholestanyl group, an adamantyl group, the following formula (Alc-1) or (Alc-2) (wherein R 7 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and * indicates a bonding position. Examples include the groups represented.
- the thermally crosslinkable group A and the thermally crosslinkable group B are each independently a carboxyl group, an amino group, an alkoxymethylamide group, a hydroxymethylamide group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy site-containing group, an oxetanyl group, a thiiranyl group, an isocyanate group and a block.
- the groups B may be the same as one another.
- one is a carboxyl group
- the other is an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group or a thiiranyl group
- one is a hydroxy group
- the other is a hydroxy group.
- Is a blocked isocyanate group one is a phenolic hydroxy group
- the other is an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group or a thiiranyl group
- one is a carboxyl group
- the other is a blocked isocyanate group
- one is an amino group.
- the other is a blocked isocyanate group, or both are N-alkoxymethylamides.
- More preferred combinations include a carboxyl group and an epoxy group, and a hydroxy group and a blocked isocyanate group.
- a monomer having the thermally crosslinkable group A may be copolymerized.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention satisfies the requirement Z1
- both the monomer having the thermocrosslinkable group A and the monomer having the thermocrosslinkable group B are used. What is necessary is just to copolymerize.
- Examples of the monomer having a thermocrosslinkable group include, for example, Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, mono- (2- (acryloyloxy) ethyl) phthalate, mono- (2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl) phthalate, N- (carboxyphenyl) maleimide, N- (carboxyphenyl) methacryl Amides and monomers having a carboxyl group such as N- (carboxyphenyl) acrylamide;
- ⁇ Monomers having a phenolic hydroxy group such as hydroxystyrene, N- (hydroxyphenyl) methacrylamide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) acrylamide, N- (hydroxyphenyl) maleimide, and N- (hydroxyphenyl) maleimide;
- ⁇ Monomers having an amino group such as aminoethyl acrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, aminopropyl acrylate, and aminopropyl methacrylate;
- the monomer having the photo-alignment group represented by the above formula (a-1-m) and the heat-crosslinkable group A and, if necessary, the heat-crosslinkable group A in addition to the monomer having the group B, other monomers copolymerizable with these monomers can be used in combination.
- Such other monomers include acrylate compounds, methacrylate compounds, maleimide compounds, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene compounds, vinyl compounds, N-methoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl
- acrylamide compounds such as (meth) acrylamide and acrylamide, and monomers having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group and a polymerizable group.
- acrylate compound examples include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, naphthyl acrylate, anthryl acrylate, anthryl methyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, and tert-butyl.
- methacrylate compound examples include, for example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, anthryl methacrylate, anthryl methyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-triacrylate Fluoroethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 3-methoxybutyl methacrylate, 2-methyl- 2-adamantyl methacrylate , 2-propyl-2-adamantyl
- Examples of the (meth) acrylamide compound include acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, and N, N-diethylacrylamide.
- Examples of the vinyl compound include methyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl carbazole, allyl glycidyl ether, and 3-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane.
- styrene compound examples include styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, and bromostyrene.
- maleimide compound examples include maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, and the like.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle is a structure selected from the group consisting of the following formulas [Na] to [Nb] (wherein Z 2 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms). Is preferably an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon containing at least one, and preferably from 1 to 4.
- oxazole ring, thiazole ring, pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, quinoline ring, 1-pyrazoline ring, isoquinoline ring, thiadiazole ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, pyrazine ring, phenanthroline ring, quinoxaline ring, benzothiazole ring, Oxadiazole ring, acridine ring and the like can be mentioned.
- the carbon atom of the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring may have a substituent containing a hetero atom.
- a pyridine ring is exemplified.
- Examples of the monomer having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group and a polymerizable group include 2- (2-pyridylcarbonyloxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (3-pyridylcarbonyloxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, -(4-pyridylcarbonyloxy) ethyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- the other monomers used in the present invention may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the photoreactive site represented by the above formula (pa-1) to be contained in the polymer as the component (A) of the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be used in combination.
- the photoreactive site represented by the above formula (pa-1) contains 5 to 95 mol%, 10 to 60 mol%, or 15 to 50 mol% of all the repeating units of the polymer as the component (A). Is preferably performed.
- the site having a heat-crosslinkable group to be contained in the polymer of the present invention may use the heat-crosslinkable group A alone, or a combination of two or more sites including the heat-crosslinkable group A and the heat-crosslinkable group B. May be used.
- the introduced amount of the site having a heat crosslinkable group is preferably 5 to 95 mol%, 40 to 90 mol%, or 50 to 85 mol% of all the repeating units of the polymer as the component (A).
- the content of the structure derived from the other monomer is preferably 0 to 40 mol%, 0 to 30 mol%, or 0 to 20 mol% of all the repeating units of the polymer as the component (A).
- the specific polymer of the component (A) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes a monomer having a photo-alignable group represented by the above formula (pa-1) and a monomer having the above-described thermally crosslinkable group A And, if desired, by copolymerizing the above-mentioned monomer having a thermally crosslinkable group B. Further, it can be copolymerized with the above other monomers.
- the method for producing the specific polymer of the component (A) in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a general-purpose method used industrially can be used. Specifically, it can be produced by cationic polymerization, radical polymerization, or anionic polymerization utilizing a vinyl group of a monomer. Among these, radical polymerization is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of easy reaction control.
- the polymerization initiator for radical polymerization known compounds such as a radical polymerization initiator and a reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization reagent can be used.
- RAFT reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer
- the radical thermal polymerization initiator is a compound that generates a radical when heated to a temperature higher than the decomposition temperature.
- examples of such a radical thermal polymerization initiator include ketone peroxides (eg, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide), diacyl peroxides (eg, acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide), and hydroperoxides (eg, peroxides).
- radical thermal polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the radical photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that initiates radical polymerization by light irradiation.
- examples of such a radical photopolymerization initiator include known compounds such as benzophenone, Michler's ketone, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and isopropylxanthone. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the radical polymerization method is not particularly limited, and an emulsion polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a dispersion polymerization method, a precipitation polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, or the like can be used.
- the solvent used for the polymerization reaction of the specific polymer as the component (A) is not particularly limited as long as the produced polymer can be dissolved.
- Specific examples include solvents described in the section of ⁇ Solvent> below, for example, N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, dialkylimidazolidinones, lactones, carbonates, ketones, and compounds represented by the formula (Sv-1). And a compound represented by the formula (Sv-2), tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like. These solvents may be used alone or as a mixture.
- the solvent may be mixed with the above-mentioned solvent and used as long as the produced polymer does not precipitate. Further, since oxygen in the solvent causes inhibition of the polymerization reaction in radical polymerization, it is preferable to use an organic solvent which has been degassed to the extent possible.
- the polymerization temperature at the time of radical polymerization can be selected from any temperature of 30 to 150 ° C., but is preferably in the range of 50 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but the monomer concentration is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, after which an organic solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the radical polymerization initiator to the monomer when the ratio of the radical polymerization initiator to the monomer is large, the molecular weight of the obtained polymer is small, and when the ratio is small, the molecular weight of the obtained polymer is large. It is preferably 0.1 to 10 mol% based on the monomer to be polymerized.
- various monomer components, a solvent, an initiator and the like can be added.
- the reaction solution may be put into a poor solvent to precipitate the polymer.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, heptane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, ethanol, toluene, benzene, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, water and the like.
- the polymer that has been put into a poor solvent and precipitated can be collected by filtration and then dried at normal temperature or reduced pressure at normal temperature or by heating.
- the poor solvent include alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons. It is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these, because the purification efficiency is further increased.
- the molecular weight of the specific polymer of the component (A) is determined by a GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method in consideration of the strength of the obtained coating film, the workability in forming the coating film, and the uniformity of the coating film.
- the molecular weight is preferably from 2,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 100,000.
- the component (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a polymer selected from polyimide and a precursor thereof, and has at least one group selected from a vertical alignment group and a tertiary butoxycarbonyl group, The polymer is at least one of chemically imidized.
- the polymer of the component (B) is a polyimide and a precursor thereof (hereinafter, also referred to as a polyimide component), and has a surface energy close to that of the polymer as the component (A).
- An acrylic component such as the component (A) basically has low polarity and low surface energy.
- the polyimide component has a high polarity and a high surface energy.
- the difference between the surface energies of these two components is too large, the two components will not be compatible with each other and coagulation will occur, resulting in a film with irregularities, or a process margin will be reduced due to repelling or unevenness. Such a problem may occur.
- the surface energy by lowering the polarity of the polyimide component, it is possible to control the surface energy to a value that is higher than that of the acrylic component but has a smaller difference.
- a method for lowering the polarity of the polyimide component there is a method of chemically imidizing and then mixing with the component (A), or a method of introducing a side chain.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as a known tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a known diamine and then chemically imidizing the polymer, using a diamine having a side chain.
- a polyimide precursor obtained a polyimide obtained by imidizing the same, a polyimide precursor obtained by using a diamine having a tertiary butoxycarbonyloxy group, and a polyimide obtained by imidating the same.
- Such side chains and chemical imidization make it possible to bring the surface energy close to that of the acrylic polymer as the component (A).
- diamine having a side chain examples include diamines represented by formulas (2), (3), (4) and (5) described in paragraphs [0023] to [0039] of International Patent Application Publication No. WO2016 / 125870. Specific examples thereof include diamines represented by formulas [A-1] to [A-32]. Examples of the diamine having a tertiary butoxycarbonyloxy group include those represented by formulas [A-1], [A-2] and [A-3] described in paragraphs [0011] to [0034] of International Patent Application Publication No. WO2017 / 119461. Diamines having a structure and diamines exemplified as specific examples thereof are exemplified.
- the content ratio of the polymer as the component (A) to the polymer as the component (B) is such that the mass ratio of the component (A) to the component (B) is 5:95 to 95: 5. It is more preferably 10:90 to 90:10, and further preferably 20:80 to 60:40.
- ⁇ (C) component When the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention satisfies the requirement Z2, a crosslinking agent is contained as the component (C).
- a crosslinking agent having two or more thermally crosslinkable groups B is exemplified.
- crosslinking agent (C) examples include epoxy compounds, compounds having two or more amino groups, low molecular weight compounds such as methylol compounds, isocyanate compounds, phenoplast compounds, and blocked isocyanate compounds, and polymers of N-alkoxymethylacrylamide. And a polymer such as a polymer of a compound having an epoxy group and a polymer of a compound having an isocyanate group.
- epoxy compound described above examples include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1, 6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, 2,2-dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5,6-tetraglycidyl-2,4-hexanediol, N, N, N ', N ',-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine, 1,3-bis (N, N-diglycidylaminomethyl) cyclohexane, and N, N, N', N'-tetraglycidi 4,4'-diaminodiphenylme
- Examples of compounds having two or more amino groups include diamines such as alicyclic diamines, aromatic diamines, aromatic-aliphatic diamines, and aliphatic diamines.
- alicyclic diamines examples include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldicyclohexylamine, isophorone Diamines and the like can be mentioned.
- aromatic diamines examples include o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 3,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diamino -2-methoxybenzene, 2,5-diamino-p-xylene and 1,3-diamino-4-chlorobenzene.
- aromatic-aliphatic diamines include 3-aminobenzylamine, 4-aminobenzylamine, 3-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 4-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-aminophenethylamine, Aminophenethylamine, 3-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 4-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 3- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 4- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 3- (3-methylaminopropyl) Aniline, 4- (3-methylaminopropyl) aniline, 3- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 3- (4-methylaminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-methyl Aminobutyl) aniline, 3- (5-aminopentyl) aniline, 4- (5-aminopentyl) Aniline, 3- (5-aminopentyl) aniline, 4-
- aliphatic diamines examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, and 1,7-diaminoheptane 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,6-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,7 -Diamino-2,5-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-4,4-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-3-methylheptane, 1,9-diamino-5-methylheptane and the like.
- methylol compound examples include compounds such as alkoxymethylated glycoluril, alkoxymethylated benzoguanamine, and alkoxymethylated melamine.
- alkoxymethylated glycoluril examples include, for example, 1,3,4,6-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) glycoluril, 1,3,4,6-tetrakis (butoxymethyl) glycoluril, 1,3,4 1,6-Trikis (hydroxymethyl) glycoluril, 1,3-bis (hydroxymethyl) urea, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis (butoxymethyl) urea, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis (methoxymethyl) Urea, 1,3-bis (hydroxymethyl) -4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolinone, and 1,3-bis (methoxymethyl) -4,5-dimethoxy-2-imidazolinone.
- glycoluril compounds (trade names: Cymel (registered trademark) 1170, powder link (registered trademark) 1174) manufactured by Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd., and methylated urea resins (trade name: UFR (registered trademark) 65)
- Butylated urea resin (trade name: UFR (registered trademark) 300, U-VAN10S60, U-VAN10R, U-VAN11HV), urea / formaldehyde-based resin manufactured by DIC (highly condensed, trade name: becamine ( (Registered trademark) J-300S, P-955, and N).
- alkoxymethylated benzoguanamine examples include, for example, tetramethoxymethylbenzoguanamine and the like.
- Commercial products include Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd. (trade name: Cymel (registered trademark) 1123) and Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd. (trade name: Nicarack (registered trademark) BX-4000, BX-37, and BL-). 60 and BX-55H).
- alkoxymethylated melamine examples include, for example, hexamethoxymethylmelamine.
- Commercially available products include methoxymethyl type melamine compounds (trade names: Cymel (registered trademark) 300, 301, 303, and 350) and butoxymethyl type melamine compounds (trade name: Mycoat (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd.) 506, 508), a methoxymethyl type melamine compound manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- a compound obtained by condensing a melamine compound, a urea compound, a glycoluril compound and a benzoguanamine compound in which the hydrogen atom of the amino group is substituted with a methylol group or an alkoxymethyl group may be used.
- high molecular weight compounds produced from melamine compounds and benzoguanamine compounds described in US Pat. No. 6,323,310 are mentioned.
- Commercial products of the melamine compound include Cymel (registered trademark) 303 (manufactured by Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- Commercial products of the benzoguanamine compound include a commercial name of Cymel (registered trademark) 1123 ( (Mitsui Cytec Co., Ltd.).
- isocyanate compound examples include, for example, VESTANAT B1358 / 100, VESTAGON BF1540 (above, isocyanurate-type modified polyisocyanate, manufactured by Degussa Japan KK), Takenate (registered trademark) B-882N, and B-7075 ( As described above, isocyanurate-type modified polyisocyanates, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) and the like.
- phenoplast compound examples include the following compounds, but the phenoplast compound is not limited to the following compound examples.
- the compound having two or more hydroxyalkylamide groups at the molecular terminal include the following compounds and Primid XL-552 and Primid SF-4510.
- Examples of the blocked isocyanate compound include Coronate AP Stable M, Coronate 2503, 2515, 2507, 2513, 2555, Millionate MS-50 (all manufactured by Nippon Polyurethane Industry Co., Ltd.), Takenate B-830, B-815N, B-820NSU, B-842N, B-846N, B-870N, B-874N, B-882N (all manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) and the like.
- examples of the above-mentioned polymer of N-alkoxymethylacrylamide include N-hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-methoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide, N-butoxymethyl (meth) ) Polymers produced using acrylamide compounds or methacrylamide compounds substituted with a hydroxymethyl or alkoxymethyl group such as acrylamide.
- Such a polymer examples include poly (N-butoxymethylacrylamide), a copolymer of N-butoxymethylacrylamide and styrene, a copolymer of N-hydroxymethylmethacrylamide and methyl methacrylate, -A copolymer of ethoxymethyl methacrylamide and benzyl methacrylate, and a copolymer of N-butoxymethyl acrylamide, benzyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
- the weight average molecular weight of such a polymer is from 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably from 3,000 to 150,000, and even more preferably from 3,000 to 50,000.
- polymers of the compound having an epoxy group examples include polymers produced using a compound having an epoxy group such as glycidyl methacrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate, and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate.
- a compound having an epoxy group such as glycidyl methacrylate, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate, and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate.
- Such a polymer include, for example, poly (3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate), poly (glycidyl methacrylate), a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl methacrylate. Copolymers of methyl methacrylate, copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and styrene, and the like are included.
- the weight average molecular weight of such a polymer is from 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably from 3,000 to 150,000, and even more preferably from 3,000 to 50,000.
- Examples of the polymer of the above-mentioned compound having an isocyanate group include 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (Karenz MOI (registered trademark), manufactured by Showa Denko KK) and 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate (kalenz AOI (registered trademark)).
- a compound having an isocyanate group such as manufactured by Showa Denko KK, or 2- (0- [1′-methylpropylideneamino] carboxyamino) ethyl methacrylate (Karenz MOI-BM [registered trademark], Showa Denko KK )) And 2-[(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl) carbonylamino] ethyl methacrylate (Karenz MOI-BP (registered trademark), manufactured by Showa Denko KK). Polymer.
- Such a polymer include, for example, poly (2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate), poly (2- (0- [1′-methylpropylideneamino] carboxyamino) ethyl methacrylate), 2-isocyanatoethyl Examples include a copolymer of methacrylate and styrene, and a copolymer of 2-[(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl) carbonylamino] ethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate.
- the weight average molecular weight of such a polymer is from 1,000 to 200,000, more preferably from 3,000 to 150,000, and even more preferably from 3,000 to 50,000.
- crosslinking agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content is preferably from 1 to 100 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the resin as the component (A). And more preferably 1 to 80 parts by mass.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent used in the present invention is preferably prepared as a coating liquid so as to be suitable for forming a liquid crystal alignment film. That is, the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is preferably prepared as a solution in which a resin component for forming a resin film is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the resin component is the specific polymer as the component (A) and the polymer as the component (B) described above.
- the total of the content of the specific polymer as the component (A) and the content of the polymer as the component (B) is preferably from 0.5 to 20% by mass, more preferably from the whole liquid crystal aligning agent. Is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by mass.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the solvent dissolves the component (A), the component (B), and the component (C) as required.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent may be one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds. Further, even if the solvent does not dissolve the component (A) or the component (B), it can be used in combination with a solvent that dissolves the component (A) or the component (B). In this case, if the surface energy of the solvent that does not dissolve the component (A) or the component (B) is lower than the solvent that dissolves the component (A) or the component (B), the applicability of the liquid crystal alignment agent to the substrate is improved. It is preferable because it can be performed.
- N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam , Tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-ethoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazo Dialkyl imidazolidinones such as lydinone, lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone, carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and 3-methyl- 3-methoxybutanol, ethyl Ketones such as milk ketone, methyl nonyl
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- X 1 is an oxygen atom or —COO—
- X 2 is a single bond or a carbonyl group
- R 1 is an alkanediyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- n 1 is an integer of 1 to 3. When n 1 is 2 or 3, a plurality of R 1 may be the same or different.
- Z 1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- Y 3 and Y 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of Y 1 and Y 2 include a monovalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples thereof include a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group and a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkanediyl group for R 1 may be linear or branched.
- examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms for Z 1 include an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of Y 3 and Y 4 include a monovalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples of the monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the solvent represented by the formula (Sv-1) include, for example, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol-i-propyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether ( Butyl cellosolve), ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl Ether acetate, die Lenglycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monobutyl acetate
- the solvent preferably has a boiling point of 80 to 200 ° C. More preferably, the temperature is from 80 ° C. to 180 ° C.
- preferred solvents include N, N-dimethylformamide, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, propanol, isopropanol, 3-methyl-3-methoxy Butanol, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, isoamyl methyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 4-methyl-2-pentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, 2-methylcyclohexyl acetate, butyl butyrate, isoamyl buty
- the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention may contain components other than the above components (A) and (B) and optionally the above component (C).
- examples of such other components include a crosslinking catalyst, a compound that improves the uniformity of the film thickness and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal alignment agent is applied, a compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, and the like. But not limited thereto.
- a crosslinking catalyst may be added to the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention for the purpose of accelerating the reaction between the thermally crosslinkable group A and the thermally crosslinkable group B.
- a crosslinking catalyst include p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-phenolsulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid, p-xylene-2-sulfonic acid, m- Xylene-2-sulfonic acid, 4-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluoro (2-ethoxyethane) sulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobutane-1- Examples thereof include sulfonic
- Examples of the compound that generates an acid by heat include bis (tosyloxy) ethane, bis (tosyloxy) propane, bis (tosyloxy) butane, p-nitrobenzyl tosylate, o-nitrobenzyl tosylate, 1,2,3- Phenylentris (methyl sulfonate), p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid morphonium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid ethyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid propyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid butyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid butyl ester Toluenesulfonic acid isobutyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid methyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic
- Examples of the compound that improves the uniformity of the film thickness and the surface smoothness include a fluorine-based surfactant, a silicone-based surfactant, and a nonion-based surfactant.
- F-Top registered trademark
- EF303 EF352
- Megafac registered trademark
- F171, F173, R-30 manufactured by DIC
- Florard FC430, FC431 Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.
- Asahi Guard registered trademark
- Surflon registered trademark
- SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC105 manufactured by AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably from 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.01 to 1 part by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. Parts by weight.
- Specific examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include the following functional silane-containing compounds.
- the amount used is preferably from 0.1 to 30 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the polymer composition. More preferably, it is 1 part by mass to 20 parts by mass.
- a photosensitizer may be used as an additive to improve the photoreactivity of the photo-alignment group.
- Specific examples include aromatic 2-hydroxyketone (benzophenone), coumarin, ketocoumarin, carbonylbiscoumarin, acetophenone, anthraquinone, xanthone, thioxanthone, and acetophenone ketal.
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention After the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied and baked on a substrate, it may be subjected to an alignment treatment by rubbing treatment or light irradiation, or may be a liquid crystal alignment film without an alignment treatment in some vertical alignment applications. it can.
- glass such as float glass and soda glass
- a transparent substrate made of a plastic such as ketone (PEEK) resin film, polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyamide, polyimide, acryl, and triacetyl cellulose can be used.
- NESA film As the transparent conductive film provided on one surface of a substrate, NESA film (US PPG registered trademark) made of tin oxide (SnO 2), indium oxide - such as an ITO film made of tin oxide (In 2 O 3 -SnO 2) the Can be used.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but includes screen printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, inkjet, dip coating, roll coating, slit coating, spin coating, and the like. Good. After coating on the substrate by these methods, the solvent can be evaporated by a heating means such as a hot plate to form a coating film.
- the baking after the application of the liquid crystal aligning agent can be performed at any temperature of 40 to 300 ° C., preferably 40 to 250 ° C., more preferably 40 to 230 ° C.
- the thickness of the coating film formed on the substrate is preferably 5 to 1,000 nm, more preferably 10 to 500 nm or 10 to 300 nm.
- This firing can be performed in a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- rayon cloth, nylon cloth, cotton cloth and the like can be used.
- alignment treatment by light irradiation may be performed, for example, a step of forming a coating film by applying the above-described liquid crystal alignment agent on a substrate, or in a state where the coating film is not in contact with a liquid crystal layer or Irradiating the coating film with light while in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
- Examples of the light irradiated in the alignment treatment by light irradiation include ultraviolet light including visible light having a wavelength of 150 to 800 nm, and visible light. Among them, ultraviolet rays containing light having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm are preferable.
- the irradiation light may be polarized or unpolarized. It is preferable to use light containing linearly polarized light as the polarized light.
- the light irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, from an oblique direction, or a combination thereof. Irradiation with non-polarized light is preferably performed from a direction oblique to the substrate surface.
- the dose of light is preferably set to 0.1 mJ / cm 2 or more 1,000 mJ / cm less than 2, more preferably, to 1 ⁇ 500 mJ / cm 2, it is 2 ⁇ 200 mJ / cm 2 further preferable.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be manufactured by a usual method, and the manufacturing method is not particularly limited. It is preferable that the pair of substrates face each other with an appropriate gap therebetween and a spacer is disposed between the substrates for the purpose of making the thickness of the liquid crystal interposed between the substrates uniform.
- a known spacer material such as a conventional scatter-type spacer, a spacer formed from a photosensitive spacer-forming composition can be used, and irregularities formed in a layer made of a cured liquid crystal can be used. It is also possible to use it as a spacer.
- a liquid crystal sandwiching process In order to constitute a liquid crystal cell by sandwiching liquid crystal between substrates, the following two methods can be exemplified.
- a pair of substrates is opposed to each other with a gap (cell gap) therebetween so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the peripheral portions of the pair of substrates are attached to each other using a sealant, and the substrate surface and
- a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal cell by injecting and filling a liquid crystal into a cell gap defined by an appropriate sealant, and then sealing the injection hole.
- an ultraviolet-curable sealing material is applied to a predetermined location on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and a predetermined number of locations are applied to the liquid crystal alignment film surface. After the liquid crystal is dropped, the other substrate is adhered so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces and the liquid crystal is spread over the entire substrate, and then the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- ODF One Drop Fill
- the liquid crystal As the liquid crystal, a fluorine-based liquid crystal or a cyano-based liquid crystal having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy depending on the use, a liquid crystal compound or a liquid crystal composition polymerized by at least one treatment of heating and light irradiation ( Hereinafter, a polymerizable liquid crystal or a curable liquid crystal composition) may be used.
- the step of forming a coating film of the liquid crystal alignment agent may be performed by a roll-to-roll method. When performed by the roll-to-roll method, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element can be simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Then, by attaching a polarizing plate to both outer surfaces of the liquid crystal cell, a liquid crystal display device can be obtained.
- the polarizing plate used on the outside of the liquid crystal cell is composed of a polarizing plate in which a polarizing film called "H film” in which polyvinyl alcohol is stretched and oriented while absorbing iodine is sandwiched by a cellulose acetate protective film or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate and the like can be given.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention has good liquid crystal alignment properties, excellent pretilt angle developing ability, and high reliability. Further, the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of the present invention has excellent display characteristics.
- MOI-BP 2-[(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl) carbonylamino] ethyl methacrylate
- A1 Tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [A1]
- A2 Tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [A2]
- A3 Tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [A3]
- Compound A4 Tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- A5 represented by the following formula [A4]: Tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- A6 represented by the following formula [A5]: Tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [A6]
- A8 Tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [A8]
- the molecular weight of the polymer in the synthesis example was measured as follows using a room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) device (SSC-7200, manufactured by Shodex) and columns (KD-803, KD-805) manufactured by Shodex. Column temperature: 50 ° C., eluent: DMF (as an additive, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr.H 2 O) 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) 30 mmol / L, THF is 10 ml / L), flow rate: 1.0 ml / min.
- GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
- Standard samples for preparing a calibration curve TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight: about 9,000,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: about 12,000, molecular weight: 12,000, manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) 000, 1,000).
- the imidation ratio in the synthesis example was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder is put into an NMR sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard ⁇ 5 manufactured by Kusano Science Co., Ltd.), 1.0 ml of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 0.05% TMS mixture) is added, and ultrasonic waves are applied. And completely dissolved. The solution was subjected to 500 MHz proton NMR measurement using an NMR spectrometer (JNW-ECA500) manufactured by JEOL Datum. The imidation rate is determined by determining a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidation as a reference proton.
- the peak integrated value of this proton and the proton peak derived from the NH group of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm are determined. It was determined by the following equation using the integrated value.
- x is the integrated value of the proton peak derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the integrated value of the peak of the reference proton
- ⁇ is the proton of the NH group of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation ratio is 0%). This is a ratio of the number of reference protons to one.
- Imidation ratio (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- NMP 5.0 g
- BCS 6.0 g
- MP2 methacrylate polymer solution
- NNMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (E) (6.0 g), and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 20 hours to be dissolved. NMP (10.0 g) and BCS (40.0 g) were added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours to obtain a polyimide polymer solution (MP23).
- ⁇ Methacrylate polymer synthesis example 26> MA2 (3.04 g, 6.00 mmol), GMA (0.71 g, 5.00 mmol) and MAA (0.77 g, 9.00 mmol) were dissolved in NMP (18.8 g) and degassed with a diaphragm pump. After that, AIBN (0.16 g, 0.5 mmol) was added as a polymerization initiator, and the mixture was degassed again. Thereafter, the mixture was reacted at 60 ° C. for 13 hours to obtain a polymer solution.
- NMP 5.0 g
- BCS 6.0 g
- Example 1 To the polymer solution (MP2) (3.0 g) obtained in the methacrylate polymer synthesis example 2, the polymer solution (MP4) (7.0 g) obtained in the polyimide polymer synthesis example 4 was added, and D2 (0.06 g) was further added. Was added and stirred at room temperature to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (PM1).
- PM1 liquid crystal aligning agent
- liquid crystal aligning agents (PM1) to (PM22) obtained in the examples and the liquid crystal aligning agents (RPM1) to (RPM5) obtained in the comparative example were subjected to pressure filtration with a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m.
- the resulting solution was spin-coated on the ITO surface of a glass substrate with a transparent electrode made of an ITO film, dried on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 90 seconds, and baked on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- a liquid crystal alignment film was formed.
- the coating film surface was irradiated with 50 mJ / cm 2 of 313 nm linearly polarized ultraviolet light having an irradiation intensity of 4.3 mW / cm 2 at an angle of 40 ° from the normal direction of the substrate via a polarizing plate, and a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film was applied.
- I got Linearly polarized ultraviolet light was prepared by passing ultraviolet light from a high-pressure mercury lamp through a 313 nm bandpass filter and then through a 313 nm polarizing plate.
- Two substrates were prepared, and a 4 ⁇ m bead spacer was sprayed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one of the substrates, and then a sealant (XN-1500T, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was applied.
- a sealant (XN-1500T, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) was applied.
- the other substrate was bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film surfaces faced each other so that the alignment direction was 180 °, and then the sealant was thermally cured at 120 ° C for 90 minutes to produce an empty cell.
- a liquid crystal (MLC-3022, manufactured by Merck) was injected into the empty cell by a vacuum injection method to obtain a liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display element obtained above was spin-coated on the ITO electrode surface of a glass substrate with an ITO electrode made of an ITO film, dried on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 90 seconds, and the coated surface was observed.
- the coating property of the liquid crystal display element was evaluated as “poor” when unevenness or repelling occurred on the coated surface and “good” when uniform without repelling or unevenness. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.
- the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal display element prepared above was measured by the Mueller matrix method using AxoScan manufactured by Axo Metrix. Table 4 shows the evaluation results.
- VHR voltage holding ratio
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention and the liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent can be suitably used for a liquid crystal display device requiring durability, such as a vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
また、基板面に対して液晶を平行配向又は傾斜配向させる場合は、成膜した後、更にラビングによる表面延伸処理が行われている。
<X> (A)成分として下記式(pa-1)で表される光配向性基と熱架橋性基Aとを有する重合体、(B)成分としてポリイミド及びその前駆体から選ばれる重合体であって、垂直配向性基及びターシャリーブトキシカルボニル基から選ばれる少なくとも1つの基を有するか、化学的イミド化されているかの少なくとも一方である重合体及び溶媒を含有するとともに、下記要件Z1及びZ2の少なくとも一方を満たす液晶配向剤:
Z1:(A)成分である重合体が、熱架橋性基Bをさらに有する。
Z2:(C)成分として、分子内に2個以上の熱架橋性基Bを有する化合物をさらに含有する。
熱架橋性基A及び熱架橋性基Bは、それぞれ独立に、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、アルコキシメチルアミド基、ヒドロキシメチルアミド基、水酸基、エポキシ部位含有基、オキセタニル基、チイラニル基、イソシアネート基及びブロックイソシアネート基からなる群から選ばれる有機基であって、熱架橋性基Aと熱架橋性基Bとが熱により架橋反応するように選択されてなり、ただし、熱架橋性基A及び熱架橋性基Bは互いに同じでもよい。
また、本発明の方法によって製造された液晶表示素子は優れた表示特性を有する。
Z1:(A)成分である重合体が、熱架橋性基Bをさらに有する。
Z2:(C)成分として、分子内に2個以上の熱架橋性基Bを有する化合物をさらに含有する。
熱架橋性基A及び熱架橋性基Bは、それぞれ独立に、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、アルコキシメチルアミド基、ヒドロキシメチルアミド基、水酸基、エポキシ部位含有基、オキセタニル基、チイラニル基、イソシアネート基及びブロックイソシアネート基からなる群から選ばれる有機基であって、熱架橋性基Aと熱架橋性基Bとが熱により架橋反応するように選択されてなり、ただし、熱架橋性基A及び熱架橋性基Bは互いに同じでもよい。
また、(A)成分である重合体が熱架橋性基Aを含有するとともに、さらに熱架橋性基Bを成分中に含有することによって、液晶配向剤の焼成時間が短い場合でも(A)成分である重合体を含む架橋反応が可能となる。これにより、光配向性部位が光反応により異方性を発現した際に、液晶配向膜に異方性が残存(メモリー)しやすくなるため、液晶配向性を高め、且つ液晶のプレチルト角を発現することが可能となる。
以下、本発明の各構成要件、につき詳述する。
[式(pa-1)で表される光配向性基]
本発明において、分子内に上記式(pa-1)で表される光配向性を有する部位は、例えば下記式(a-1)で表すことができる。また、該部位は、下記式(a-1-m)で表されるモノマー由来の構造を挙げることができるがこれに限定されない。式中、Iaは、下記式(pa-1)で表される1価の有機基である。
Saは、例えば下記式(Sp)の構造で表すことができる。
W1の左の結合はMbへの結合を表し、
W3の右の結合はIaへの結合を表し、
W1、W2及びW3は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、二価の複素環、-(CH2)n-(式中、nは1~20を表す)、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、―COO-、-OCO-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2CF2-又は-C≡C-を表すが、これらの置換基において非隣接のCH2基の一つ以上は独立して、-O-、-CO-、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-Si(CH3)2-O-Si(CH3)2―、-NR-、-NR-CO-、-CO-NR-、-NR-CO-O-、-OCO-NR-、-NR-CO-NR-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-又は-O-CO-O-(式中、Rは独立して水素又は炭素原子数1から5の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基を表す)で置換することができ、
A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、2価のアルキル基、2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、又は2価の複素環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良い。
rは、1≦r≦3を満たす整数である。
Mbは、単結合、(r+1)価の複素環、炭素数1~10の直鎖状又は分岐状アルキル基、(r+1)価の芳香族基、(r+1)価の脂環式基から選ばれる基であり、それぞれの基は無置換であるか又は一個以上の水素原子がフッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基、メチル基又はメトキシ基によって置換されていても良い。
また、Zは酸素原子、または硫黄原子である。
Xa及びXbは、それぞれ独立して水素原子、フッ素原子、塩素原子、シアノ基又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基である。
R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-である。
R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、又は2価の複素環式基である。
R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-である。
R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基である。
R5は炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子またはシアノ基、好ましくはメチル基、メトキシ基又はフッ素原子である。
aは0~3の整数であり、bは0~4の整数である。
Saの2価の芳香族基として、例えば1,4-フェニレン基、2-フルオロ-1,4-フェニレン基、3-フルオロ-1,4-フェニレン基、2,3,5,6-テトラフルオロ-1,4-フェニレン基等を挙げることができる。
Saの2価の複素環式基として、例えば1,4-ピリジレン基、2,5-ピリジレン基、1,4-フラニレン基、1,4-ピペラジン基、1,4-ピペリジン基等を挙げることができる。
Saは、炭素数1~8のアルキレン基であることが好ましく、より好ましくは炭素数1~6のアルキレン基であり、さらに好ましくは炭素数1~4のアルキレン基であるのがよい。
R2の2価の脂環式基として、例えばトランス1,4-シクロヘキシレン、トランス-トランス-1,4-ビシクロヘキシレン等を挙げることができる。
R2の2価の複素環式基として、例えば1,4-ピリジレン基、2,5-ピリジレン基、1,4-フラニレン基、1,4-ピペラジン基、1,4-ピペリジン基等を挙げることができる。
R2は、1,4-フェニレン基、トランス1,4-シクロヘキシレン、トランス-トランス-1,4-ビシクロヘキシレンであるのがよい。
熱架橋性基A及び熱架橋性基Bは、それぞれ独立に、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、アルコキシメチルアミド基、ヒドロキシメチルアミド基、水酸基、エポキシ部位含有基、オキセタニル基、チイラニル基、イソシアネート基及びブロックイソシアネート基からなる群から選ばれる有機基であって、熱架橋性基Aと熱架橋性基Bとが熱により架橋反応するように選択されてなり、ただし、熱架橋性基A及び熱架橋性基Bは互いに同じでもよい。
アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸、モノ-(2-(アクリロイルオキシ)エチル)フタレート、モノ-(2-(メタクリロイルオキシ)エチル)フタレート、N-(カルボキシフェニル)マレイミド、N-(カルボキシフェニル)メタクリルアミド、及びN-(カルボキシフェニル)アクリルアミド等のカルボキシル基を有するモノマー;
熱架橋性基を有する部位の導入量は、(A)成分である重合体の全繰り返し単位の5~95mol%、40~90mol%、又は50~85mol%であることが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される(A)成分の特定重合体は、上記の式(pa-1)で表される光配向性基を有するモノマー、上記の熱架橋性基Aを有するモノマー、及び、所望により上記の熱架橋性基Bを有するモノマーを共重合することによって得られる。また、上記その他のモノマーと共重合することができる。
ラジカル重合の重合開始剤としては、ラジカル重合開始剤や、可逆的付加-開裂型連鎖移動(RAFT)重合試薬等の公知の化合物を使用することができる。
ラジカル重合法は、特に制限されるものでなく、乳化重合法、懸濁重合法、分散重合法、沈殿重合法、塊状重合法、溶液重合法等を用いることができる。
これら溶媒は単独で使用しても、混合して使用してもよい。さらに、生成する高分子を溶解させない溶媒であっても、生成した高分子が析出しない範囲で、上述の溶媒に混合して使用してもよい。
また、ラジカル重合において溶媒中の酸素は重合反応を阻害する原因となるので、有機溶媒は可能な程度に脱気されたものを用いることが好ましい。
上述のラジカル重合反応においては、ラジカル重合開始剤の比率がモノマーに対して多いと得られる高分子の分子量が小さくなり、少ないと得られる高分子の分子量が大きくなるので、ラジカル開始剤の比率は重合させるモノマーに対して0.1~10mol%であることが好ましい。また重合時には各種モノマー成分や溶媒、開始剤などを追加することもできる。
上述の反応により得られた反応溶液から、生成した高分子を回収する場合には、反応溶液を貧溶媒に投入して、それら重合体を沈殿させれば良い。沈殿に用いる貧溶媒としては、メタノール、アセトン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ブチルセルソルブ、ヘプタン、エタノール、トルエン、ベンゼン、ジエチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、水等を挙げることができる。貧溶媒に投入して沈殿させた重合体は、濾過して回収した後、常圧あるいは減圧下で、常温あるいは加熱して乾燥することができる。また、沈殿回収した重合体を、有機溶媒に再溶解させ、再沈殿回収する操作を2回~10回繰り返すと、重合体中の不純物を少なくすることができる。この際の貧溶媒として、例えば、アルコール類、ケトン類、炭化水素等が挙げられ、これらの中から選ばれる3種類以上の貧溶媒を用いると、より一層精製の効率が上がるので好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含まれる(B)成分は、ポリイミド及びその前駆体から選ばれる重合体であって、垂直配向性基及びターシャリーブトキシカルボニル基から選ばれる少なくとも1つの基を有するか、化学的イミド化されているかの少なくとも一方である重合体である。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤が要件Z2を満たす場合には、(C)成分として架橋剤を含有する。(C)成分としては、熱架橋性基Bを2個以上有する架橋剤が挙げられる。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤は、液晶配向膜の形成に好適となるように塗布液として調製されることが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の液晶配向剤は、樹脂被膜を形成するための樹脂成分が有機溶媒に溶解した溶液として調製されることが好ましい。ここで、その樹脂成分とは、既に説明した(A)成分である特定重合体および(B)成分である重合体である。その際、(A)成分の特定重合体の含有量と(B)成分である重合体の含有量との合計は、液晶配向剤全体に対して0.5~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは1~20質量%、さらに好ましくは1~15質量%、特に好ましくは1~10質量%であるのがよい。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤に含有する溶媒は、(A)成分、(B)成分及び必要に応じて有する(C)成分を溶解させる溶媒であれば特に限定されない。液晶配向剤に含有する溶媒は1種でも良く、2種類以上混合して使用しても良い。また、(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させる溶媒でなくとも、(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させる溶媒と併用することができる。この場合、(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させない溶媒の表面エネルギーが(A)成分や(B)成分を溶解させる溶媒よりも低いと、液晶配向剤の基板への塗布性を良くすることができるため好ましい。
Y3及びY4の炭素数1~6の1価の炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~6の1価の鎖状炭化水素基、炭素数1~6の1価の脂環式炭化水素基及び炭素数1~6の1価の芳香族炭化水素基などが挙げられる。炭素数1~6の1価の鎖状炭化水素基としては炭素数1~6のアルキル基などが挙げられる。
(Sv-2)で表される溶媒の具体例としては、例えばグリコール酸メチル、グリコール酸エチル、グリコール酸ブチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチル、乳酸イソアミル、エチル-3-エトキシプロピオネート、メチル-3-メトキシプロピオネート、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチルなどをそれぞれ挙げることができる。
沸点がこの範囲であることは、特に、前記溶媒を含む液晶配向剤が後述するプラスチック基板上に塗布される場合に好ましい。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤は、上記(A)成分、(B)成分及び必要に応じて有する上記(C)成分以外の他の成分を含有してもよい。このような他の成分としては、架橋触媒や、液晶配向剤を塗布した際の、膜厚均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物、液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物、等を挙げることができるが、これに限定されない。
本発明に用いられる液晶配向剤に、熱架橋性基Aと熱架橋性基Bとの反応を促進させる目的で、架橋触媒を添加してもよい。このような架橋触媒としては、p-トルエンスルホン酸、カンファスルホン酸、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸、p-フェノールスルホン酸、2-ナフタレンスルホン酸、メシチレンスルホン酸、p-キシレン-2-スルホン酸、m-キシレン-2-スルホン酸、4-エチルベンゼンスルホン酸、1H,1H,2H,2H-パーフルオロオクタンスルホン酸、パーフルオロ(2-エトキシエタン)スルホン酸、ペンタフルオロエタンスルホン酸、ノナフルオロブタン-1-スルホン酸、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸等のスルホン酸またはその水和物や塩等が挙げられる。熱により酸を発生する化合物としては、例えば、ビス(トシルオキシ)エタン、ビス(トシルオキシ)プロパン、ビス(トシルオキシ)ブタン、p-ニトロベンジルトシレート、o-ニトロベンジルトシレート、1,2,3-フェニレントリス(メチルスルホネート)、p-トルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウム塩、p-トルエンスルホン酸モルフォニウム塩、p-トルエンスルホン酸エチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸プロピルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸ブチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸イソブチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸メチルエステル、p-トルエンスルホン酸フェネチルエステル、シアノメチルp-トルエンスルホネート、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルp-トルエンスルホネート、2-ヒドロキシブチルp-トルエンスルホネート、N-エチル-p-トルエンスルホンアミド等が挙げられる。
膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤およびノ二オン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
具体的には、例えば、エフトップ(登録商標)301、EF303、EF352(トーケムプロダクツ社製)、メガファック(登録商標)F171、F173、R-30(DIC社製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(住友スリーエム社製)、アサヒガード(登録商標)AG710(旭硝子社製)、サーフロン(登録商標)S-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(AGCセイミケミカル社製)等が挙げられる。
これらの界面活性剤の使用割合は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分の100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01質量部~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01質量部~1質量部である。
液晶配向膜と基板との密着性を向上させる化合物の具体例としては、次に示す官能性シラン含有化合物などが挙げられる。
例えば、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、2-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-エトキシカルボニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-トリエトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、N-トリメトキシシリルプロピルトリエチレントリアミン、10-トリメトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、10-トリエトキシシリル-1,4,7-トリアザデカン、9-トリメトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、9-トリエトキシシリル-3,6-ジアザノニルアセテート、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ベンジル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-ビス(オキシエチレン)-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン等のアミノ系シラン含有化合物が挙げられる。
基板との密着性を向上させる化合物を使用する場合、その使用量は、重合体組成物に含有される樹脂成分100質量部に対して0.1質量部~30質量部であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1質量部~20質量部である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、又は一部の垂直配向用途などでは配向処理無しで液晶配向膜とすることができる。基板としては、例えばフロートガラス、ソーダガラスなどのガラス;ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリカーボネート、ポリ(脂環式オレフィン)、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)樹脂フィルム、ポリサルホン(PSF)、ポリエーテルサルホン(PES)、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、アクリル及びトリアセチルセルロースなどのプラスチックからなる透明基板を用いることができる。
基板の一面に設けられる透明導電膜としては、酸化スズ(SnO2)からなるNESA膜(米国PPG社登録商標)、酸化インジウム-酸化スズ(In2O3-SnO2)からなるITO膜などを用いることができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤の塗布方法は特に限定されないが、スクリーン印刷、フレキソ印刷、オフセット印刷、インクジェット、ディップコーティング、ロールコーティング、スリットコーティング、スピンコーティングなどがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。これらの方法により基板上に塗布した後、ホットプレートなどの加熱手段により溶媒を蒸発させて、塗膜を形成させることができる。
基板上に形成される塗膜の膜厚は、好ましくは5~1,000nmであり、より好ましくは10~500nm又は10~300nmである。この焼成はホットプレート、熱風循環炉、赤外線炉などで行うことができる。
ラビング処理には、レーヨン布、ナイロン布、コットン布などを使用することができる。
ある実施形態において光照射による配向処理を行ってもよく、例えば上記の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、前記塗膜が液晶層と接触していない状態で又は液晶層と接触した状態で前記塗膜に光照射する工程とを含んでもよい。
光の照射量は、0.1mJ/cm2以上1,000mJ/cm2未満とすることが好ましく、1~500mJ/cm2とすることがより好ましく、2~200mJ/cm2とすることがさらに好ましい。
基板間に液晶を挟持して液晶セルを構成するには、例えば以下の2つの方法を挙げることができる。第1の方法として、各液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して一対の基板を対向配置し、該一対の基板の周辺部をシール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面および適当なシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶を注入充填した後、注入孔を封止することにより、液晶セルを製造する方法を挙げることができる。
ある実施形態において、前記液晶配向剤の塗膜を形成する工程が、ロール・ツー・ロール方式によって行われてもよい。ロール・ツー・ロール方式によって行われると、液晶表示素子の製造工程を簡略化し、製造コストを削減することが可能となる。
そして、前記液晶セルの外側両面に偏光板を貼付することにより、液晶表示素子を得ることができる。
上記のようにして本発明の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜は、液晶配向性が良好であり、プレチルト角発現能にも優れ、且つ高い信頼性が得られる。また、本発明の方法によって製造された液晶表示素子は優れた表示特性を有する。
<メタクリルモノマー>
(光配向性モノマー)
「MA1」は特許文献(WO2017/115791)に記載の合成法にて合成した。
「MA2」は特許文献(WO2017/115791)に記載の合成法にて合成した。
MAA:メタクリル酸
GMA:メタクリル酸グリシジル
MOI-BP:2-[(3,5-ジメチル-1-ピラゾリル)カルボニルアミノ]エチルメタクリレート
A1:下記の式[A1]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A2:下記の式[A2]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A3:下記の式[A3]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A4:下記の式[A4]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A5:下記の式[A5]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A6:下記の式[A6]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A7:下記の式[A7]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
A8:下記の式[A8]で示されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物
B1:下記の式[B1]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B2:下記の式[B2]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B3:下記の式[B3]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B4:下記の式[B4]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B5:下記の式[B5]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B6:下記の式[B6]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B7:下記の式[B7]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B8:下記の式[B8]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B9:下記の式[B9]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B10:下記の式[B10]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B11:下記の式[B11]で示される側鎖側ジアミンモノマー
B12:下記の式[B12]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B13:下記の式[B13]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
B14:下記の式[B14]で示される側鎖ジアミンモノマー
C1:下記の式[C1]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C2:下記の式[C2]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C3:下記の式[C3]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C4:下記の式[C4]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C5:下記の式[C5]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C6:下記の式[C6]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C7:下記の式[C7]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C8:下記の式[C8]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C9:下記の式[C9]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C10:下記の式[C10]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C11:下記の式[C11]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C12:下記の式[C12]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C13:下記の式[C13]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C14:下記の式[C14]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C15:下記の式[C15]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C16:下記の式[C16]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C17:下記の式[C17]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C18:下記の式[C18]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C19:下記の式[C19]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
C20:下記の式[C20]で示されるその他ジアミンモノマー
D-1:下記の式[D1]で示される架橋剤成分
D-2:下記の式[D2]で示される架橋剤成分
D-3:下記の式[D3]で示される架橋剤成分
(重合開始剤)
AIBN:アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
(溶媒)
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
合成例におけるポリマーの分子量はセンシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200、Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)を用い以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃、溶離液:DMF(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、THFが10ml/L)、流速:1.0ml/分。
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製ポリエチレングリコール(分子量約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
合成例におけるイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)1.0mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNW-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。なお下記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基のプロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
MA1(1.65g、4.00mmol)とMAA(1.38g、16.00mmol)をNMP(18.1g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで脱気を行った後、重合開始剤としてAIBN(0.16g、0.5mmol)を加え、再び脱気を行った。この後、60℃で13時間反応させポリマー溶液を得た。
次いで、このポリマー溶液(4.0g)に、NMP(5.0g)、BCS(6.0g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、メタクリレートポリマー溶液(MP1)を得た。
このポリマーの数平均分子量は34200、重量平均分子量は116000であった。
MA1(3.30g、8.00mmol)、GMA(0.56g、4.00mmol)及びMAA(0.69g、8.00mmol)をNMP(26.8g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで脱気を行った後、重合開始剤としてAIBN(0.16g、0.5mmol)を加え、再び脱気を行った。この後、60℃で13時間反応させポリマー溶液を得た。
次いで、このポリマー溶液(4.0g)に、NMP(5.0g)、BCS(6.0g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、メタクリレートポリマー溶液(MP2)を得た。
このポリマーの数平均分子量は45000、重量平均分子量は150000であった。
MA1(2.48g、6.00mmol)、MOI-BP(3.52g、14.00mmol)をNMP(34.9g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで脱気を行った後、重合開始剤としてAIBN(0.16g、0.5mmol)を加え、再び脱気を行った。この後、60℃で13時間反応させポリマー溶液を得た。
次いで、このポリマー溶液(4.0g)に、NMP(5.0g)、BCS(6.0g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、メタクリレートポリマー溶液(MP3)を得た。
このポリマーの数平均分子量は48000、重量平均分子量は148000であった。
B1(2.28g、3.00mmol)、C2(1.22g、4.00mmol)、C7(1.45g、3.00mmol)及びA1(2.23g、6.00mmol)をNMP(27.2g)中に溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させたのち、A2(1.00g、2.00mmol)及びA4(0.87g、2.00mmol)とNMP(9.1g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸ポリマー溶液(MP4)を得た。
表1に示す組成にて、ポリマー合成例1と同様の方法を用いて、ポリアミック酸ポリマー溶液MP5~MP20を合成した。
C8(5.17g、5.00mmol)、A4(2.18g、10.00mmol)をNMP(26.6g)中に溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させたのち、C17(5.17g、5.00mmol)とNMP(9.5g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸ポリマー溶液(MP21)を得た。
C2(0.61g、2.00mmol)、C11(3.19g、8.00mmol)及びA2(2.50g、5.00mmol)をNMP(24.78g)中に溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させたのち、A1(1.96g、5.00mmol)とNMP(8.26g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸ポリマー溶液(MP22)を得た。
ポリアミック酸ポリマー溶液(MP4)(50g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(8.8g)及びピリジン(2.7g)を加え、75℃で2.5時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(700ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミドポリマー粉末(E)を得た。このポリイミドポリマーのイミド化率は71%であり、数平均分子量は13000、重量平均分子量は42000であった。
ポリマー合成例21、22で得られたポリマー溶液にて、ポリマー合成例23と同様の方法を用いて、ポリイミドポリマー溶液(MP24)、(MP25)を合成した。
MA2(3.04g、6.00mmol)、GMA(0.71g、5.00mmol)及びMAA(0.77g、9.00mmol)をNMP(18.8g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで脱気を行った後、重合開始剤としてAIBN(0.16g、0.5mmol)を加え、再び脱気を行った。この後、60℃で13時間反応させポリマー溶液を得た。
次いで、このポリマー溶液(4.0g)に、NMP(5.0g)、BCS(6.0g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、メタクリレートポリマー溶液(MP26)を得た。
このポリマーの数平均分子量は44000、重量平均分子量は143000であった。
メタクリレートポリマー合成例2で得られたポリマー溶液(MP2)(3.0g)に、ポリイミドポリマー合成例4で得られたポリマー溶液(MP4)(7.0g)を加え、更にD2(0.06g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、液晶配向処理剤(PM1)を得た。
表2に示す組成にて、実施例1と同様の方法を用いて、液晶配向処理剤(PM2)~(PM24)を得た。
メタクリレートポリマー合成例1で得られたポリマー溶液(MP1)(4.0g)に、D1(0.06g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、液晶配向処理剤(RPM1)を得た。
メタクリレートポリマー合成例1で得られたポリマー溶液(MP1)(4.0g)に、D2(0.06g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、液晶配向処理剤(RPM2)を得た。
メタクリレートポリマー合成例2で得られたポリマー溶液(MP2)(4.0g)に、D2(0.06g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、液晶配向処理剤(RPM3)を得た。
メタクリレートポリマー合成例2で得られたポリマー溶液(MP2)(3.0g)に、アミック酸ポリマー合成例21で得られたポリマー溶液(MP21)(7.0g)を加え、更にD2(0.06g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、液晶配向処理剤(RPM4)を得た。
メタクリレートポリマー合成例2で得られたポリマー溶液(MP2)(3.0g)に、アミック酸ポリマー合成例22で得られたポリマー溶液(MP22)(7.0g)を加え、更にD2(0.06g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、液晶配向処理剤(RPM5)を得た。
メタクリレートポリマー合成例26で得られたポリマー溶液(MP26)(4.0g)に、D3(0.06g)を加え、室温にて攪拌することにより、液晶配向処理剤(RPM6)を得た。
実施例で得られた液晶配向処理剤(PM1)~(PM22)及び比較例で得られた液晶配向処理剤(RPM1)~(RPM5)を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。
得られた溶液をITO膜からなる透明電極付きガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃のホットプレートで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
次いで、塗膜面に偏光板を介して、照射強度4.3mW/cm2の313nmの直線偏光紫外線を基板法線方向から40°傾斜した角度から50mJ/cm2照射し、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。直線偏光紫外線は高圧水銀ランプの紫外光に313nmのバンドパスフィルターを通した後、313nmの偏光板を通すことで調製した。
上記の基板を2枚用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に4μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(三井化学製、XN-1500T)を塗布した。次いで、もう一方の基板を、液晶配向膜面が向き合い配向方向が180°になるようにして張り合わせた後、120℃で90分シール剤を熱硬化させることで空セルを作製した。この空セルに液晶(メルク社製、MLC-3022)を減圧注入法によって注入し、液晶表示素子を得た。
上記で得られた液晶表示素子を、ITO膜からなるITO電極付きガラス基板のITO電極面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥し、塗布面を観察した。塗布面にムラやハジキが発生している場合を「不良」、ハジキやムラが無く均一な場合を「良好」として、液晶表示素子の塗布性を評価した。評価結果を表3に示す。
(液晶配向性)
上記で得られた液晶表示素子を120℃で1時間の等方相処理を行った後、偏光顕微鏡にてセル観察を行った。光抜けやドメイン発生などの配向不良が無い場合や液晶セルに電圧印加を行った際に均一な液晶の駆動が得られる場合を良好とした。評価結果を表4に示す。
上記で作製した液晶表示素子に、液晶セルのプレチルト角の測定は、Axo Metrix社製のAxoScanを用いて、ミューラーマトリックス法により測定した。評価結果を表4に示す。
VHRの評価は、上記で作製した液晶セルに、60℃の温度下で1Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、1667ms後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。
なお、電圧保持率の測定には、東陽テクニカ社製の電圧保持率測定装置VHR-1を使用した。評価結果を表4に示す。
上記で作製した液晶セルに、交流電圧6.8Vppと直流電圧1Vを48時間印加し、液晶セル内に発生している電圧(残留DC)を、直流電圧解除直後にフリッカー消去法により求めた。この値は残像特性の指標となり、この値が、±30mV以下である場合を良好とした。評価結果を表4に示す。
プレチルト角を測定した後、液晶セルに直流電圧を15V印加し、36時間後に再びチルト角を測定することで、チルト角がどれくらい変化しているかを計算した。評価結果を表4に示す。
また、表4の結果からわかるように、実施例1~24と比較例1~6との対比から、ポリメタクリレート溶液は、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド溶液とブレンドすることで、チルト角変化、VHR及び残留DCに優れる液晶配向膜が得られた。
Claims (7)
- (A)下記式(pa-1)
(式中、Aは場合によりフッ素、塩素、シアノから選択される基によるか、又は炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキル残基(これは、場合により1個のシアノ基又は1個以上のハロゲン原子で置換されてもよい)で置換されてもよい、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル、2,5-チオフェニレン、2,5-フラニレン、1,4-若しくは2,6-ナフチレン又はフェニレンを表し、R1は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R2は2価の芳香族基、2価の脂環式基、2価の複素環式基または2価の縮合環式基であり、R3は単結合、酸素原子、-COO-または-OCO-であり、R4は炭素数1~40の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基または脂環式基を含む炭素数3~40の1価の有機基であり、Dは、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は-NRd-(ここで、Rdは、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキルを表す)を表し、aは0~3の整数であり、*は結合位置を表す。)
で表される光配向性基と熱架橋性基Aとを有する重合体;
(B)ポリイミド及びその前駆体から選ばれる重合体であって、垂直配向性基及びターシャリーブトキシカルボニル基から選ばれる少なくとも1つの基を有するか、化学的イミド化されているかの少なくとも一方である重合体;及び
溶媒;
を含有する液晶配向剤であって、
該液晶配向剤は、
Z1:前記(A)重合体が熱架橋性基Bをさらに有するか、及び/又は
Z2:(C)分子内に2個以上の熱架橋性基Bを有する化合物をさらに含有する
(熱架橋性基A及び熱架橋性基Bは、それぞれ独立に、互いに同じであっても異なってもよい、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、アルコキシメチルアミド基、ヒドロキシメチルアミド基、水酸基、エポキシ部位含有基、オキセタニル基、チイラニル基、イソシアネート基及びブロックイソシアネート基からなる群から選ばれる基であって、熱架橋性基Aと熱架橋性基Bとが熱により架橋反応するように選択されてなる。)、液晶配向剤。
- (B)成分が、垂直配向性基を有する重合体である請求項1記載の液晶配向剤。
- (B)成分が、ターシャリーブトキシカルボニル基を有する重合体である請求項1記載の液晶配向剤。
- (B)成分が、化学的イミド化されている重合体である請求項1記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成された液晶配向膜。
- 請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、前記塗膜が液晶層と接触していない状態で又は液晶層と接触した状態で前記塗膜に光照射する工程と、を含む液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 請求項5に記載の液晶配向膜又は請求項6に記載の製造方法により得られた液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
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| CN114479880A (zh) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-13 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜、液晶取向膜的制造方法、液晶元件及液晶元件的制造方法 |
| JP2022071804A (ja) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-16 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、液晶素子及び液晶素子の製造方法 |
| WO2022176680A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-25 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| KR20250068687A (ko) | 2022-09-13 | 2025-05-16 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 배향제, 및 액정 표시 소자 |
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