WO2020040089A1 - 液晶配向剤、その製造方法、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、その製造方法、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020040089A1 WO2020040089A1 PCT/JP2019/032286 JP2019032286W WO2020040089A1 WO 2020040089 A1 WO2020040089 A1 WO 2020040089A1 JP 2019032286 W JP2019032286 W JP 2019032286W WO 2020040089 A1 WO2020040089 A1 WO 2020040089A1
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- liquid crystal
- crystal alignment
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- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Nc1ccccc1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/1064—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a method for producing the same, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained therefrom, and a liquid crystal display device including the obtained liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal display element used for a liquid crystal television, a liquid crystal display, or the like usually has a liquid crystal alignment film for controlling an alignment state of liquid crystal provided in the element.
- the most widely used liquid crystal alignment film in the industry is to coat the surface of a film made of polyamic acid and / or polyimide obtained by imidizing the same with a cloth of cotton, nylon, polyester or the like. It is manufactured by performing a process of rubbing in a direction, a so-called rubbing process.
- Rubbing treatment is a simple and industrially useful method with excellent productivity.
- a photo-alignment method for imparting liquid crystal alignment ability by irradiating polarized ultraviolet light is known.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment by the photo-alignment method those using a photoisomerization reaction, those using a photocrosslinking reaction, those using a photolysis reaction, and the like have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 proposes using a polyimide film having an alicyclic structure such as a cyclobutane ring in a main chain for a photo-alignment method.
- the obtained liquid crystal alignment film can be expected to improve the contrast and the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display element of the IPS drive system or the FFS drive system (fringe field switching) as compared with the rubbing method. It is attracting attention as a promising liquid crystal alignment treatment method.
- the liquid crystal alignment film used for the IPS drive type or FFS drive type liquid crystal display element has not only basic characteristics such as excellent liquid crystal alignment and electrical characteristics but also an alignment regulating force for suppressing an afterimage generated by long-term driving.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the photo-alignment method has a problem that the alignment control force is weaker than the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the rubbing treatment. Then, in the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by utilizing the photodecomposition reaction, the low molecular weight component generated by photolysis is considered to be a cause of lowering the alignment regulating force, and the low molecular weight component is removed by heat treatment or washing treatment.
- Patent Document 2 A method has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- the irradiation amount of light is a factor that affects the energy cost and the production speed.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent provides good afterimage characteristics, the afterimage characteristics become insufficient when the light irradiation amount is reduced.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining good afterimage characteristics even when the light irradiation amount in the alignment treatment by the optical alignment method is reduced, and obtaining a stable liquid crystal aligning ability of good quality, and its production. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained therefrom, and a liquid crystal display device provided with the obtained liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyimide which is an imidized product of a polyimide precursor obtained from a polycondensation reaction of a diamine component containing a second diamine.
- X 1 is a structure represented by the following formula (X1-1) or (Xl-2).
- R 3 to R 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Other groups are examples of substituenta hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Other groups are examples of substituent groups.
- a 1 is an alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a group in which at least one of —CH 2 — of the alkylene is replaced with —O— or —S— under non-continuous conditions.
- a 2 is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a thiol group, a monovalent organic group of the nitro group, phosphoric acid group, or a C 1 ⁇ 20, a is an integer of 0 ⁇ 4, A 2 A2 may be the same or different when there exist two or more.
- b and c are each independently an integer of 1 or 2
- d is an integer of 0 or 1.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention makes it possible to greatly reduce the amount of light irradiation, and to obtain a liquid crystal aligning film having good afterimage characteristics. Further, the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention has a high yield in manufacturing a liquid crystal panel, and can reduce an afterimage due to AC driving generated in a liquid crystal display element of an IPS drive system or an FFS drive system. A liquid crystal display device of the IPS drive system or the FFS drive system having excellent afterimage characteristics can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention comprises a tetracarboxylic acid component containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a specific structure or a derivative thereof (hereinafter, also referred to as a tetracarboxylic acid component) and a diamine having two specific structures. It is characterized by containing a polyimide (hereinafter, also referred to as a specific polymer), which is an imidized product of a polyimide precursor obtained from a polycondensation reaction with a contained diamine component (hereinafter, also referred to as a diamine component).
- a polyimide hereinafter, also referred to as a specific polymer
- the specific polymer used in the present invention is a polyimide which is an imidized product of a polyimide precursor having a specific structure.
- the polyimide precursor is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyimide precursor that forms an imide ring by heating or chemically imidizing with a catalyst.
- a polyamic acid or a polyamic acid ester is preferable from the viewpoint that imidization by heating or chemical imidization easily proceeds.
- the imidation ratio of the polyimide is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 100%, more preferably 50 to 100%, and further preferably 50 to 80%.
- each component as a raw material for obtaining the specific polymer will be described in detail.
- tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used in the polymerization of the specific polymer used in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention includes not only tetracarboxylic dianhydride, but also derivatives thereof such as tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic dihalide, and tetracarboxylic acid. Dialkyl esters or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalides can also be used.
- the above tetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative is preferably represented by the following formula (1).
- X 1 is a structure represented by the following formula (X1-1) or (Xl-2).
- R 3 to R 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a fluorine atom. It is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group.
- at least one of R 3 to R 6 is a group other than a hydrogen atom in the above definition.
- X 1 is preferably the above formula (X1-1), more preferably at least one selected from the following formulas (X1-1-1) to (X1-1-5), The following formula (X1-1-1) is particularly preferred.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the formula (1) or a derivative thereof may be used as a mixture of two or more.
- the use ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride or its derivative represented by the above formula (1) is preferably at least 50 mol%, more preferably at least 70 mol%, based on 1 mol of all the tetracarboxylic acid components used in the specific polymer. Is more preferable, and 80 mol% or more is further preferable.
- the tetracarboxylic acid component used for the polymerization of the specific polymer according to the present invention may be represented by the following formula (2) in addition to the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (1) or a derivative thereof. It is more preferable to contain a tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof, from the viewpoints of suppression of luminescent spots due to decomposition products and liquid crystal alignment.
- X 2 is selected from the following formulas (X2-1) to (X2-6).
- X 2 is preferably the above formula (X2-1), (X2-5) or (X2-6), and particularly preferably the formula (X2-1).
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides represented by the formula (2) and derivatives thereof may be used as a mixture of two or more.
- the use ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula (2) or a derivative thereof is preferably 1 to 30 mol%, preferably 10 to 30 mol%, per 1 mol of all the tetracarboxylic acid components used in the specific polymer. 30% is more preferable, and 10 to 20% is further preferable.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component used for the polymerization of the specific polymer according to the present invention may contain a tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the above formulas (1) and (2) and a derivative thereof.
- the diamine component used in the polymerization of the specific polymer used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes at least one first diamine selected from diamines represented by the following formula (3) and a first diamine represented by the following formula (4). And at least one second diamine selected from the diamines represented.
- a 1 is a group in which at least one of alkylene having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or —CH 2 — possessed by the alkylene is replaced by —O— or —S— under non-continuous conditions.
- a 2 is each independently a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a thiol group, a nitro group, a phosphate group, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a is an integer of 0 to 4, and when two or more A 2 are present, A 2 may be the same or different.
- b and c are each independently an integer of 1 or 2 and d is 0 or 1.
- the first diamine represented by the formula (3) may be used as a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the content of the first diamine represented by the formula (3) is preferably 40 to 90 mol%, more preferably 40 to 75 mol%, based on all diamine components used in the specific polymer.
- the second diamine represented by the formula (4) is shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the second diamine represented by the formula (4) may be used as a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the content of the second diamine represented by the formula (4) is preferably from 10 to 40 mol%, more preferably from 20 to 40 mol%, based on all diamine components used in the specific polymer.
- the diamine component used for the polymerization of the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain a diamine other than the first diamine and the second diamine (hereinafter, also referred to as other diamines). .
- the specific polymer component tends to be unevenly distributed near the surface layer of the liquid crystal alignment film when a polymer other than the specific polymer is contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention. It is preferable to use at least one of the diamines represented by the following formula (5) as the other diamine.
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group having the structure of the following formula (6).
- D represents a protecting group which is eliminated by heating and is replaced by a hydrogen atom
- * represents a connection point with another structure.
- the preferred structure of D includes a t-butoxycarbonyl group.
- Boc in the following structure represents a t-butoxycarbonyl group.
- the preferable content is 5 to 30 mol% of the diamine represented by the formula (5) based on all diamine components used for the specific polymer.
- the polyamic acid ester and the polyamic acid which are the polyimide precursors used in the present invention, and the polyimide which is an imidized product of these polyimide precursors can be synthesized by a known method.
- One example is the method described in WO2013 / 157586.
- the molecular weight of the specific polymer is not particularly limited as long as a good coating film can be formed.
- the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter, also referred to as Mw) is preferably from 2,000 to 500,000, and more preferably from 5, 000 to 300,000, more preferably 10,000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight (hereinafter, also referred to as Mn) is preferably from 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably from 2,500 to 150,000, and still more preferably from 5,000 to 50,000.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a composition containing the above specific polymer and an organic solvent, and may contain two or more kinds of specific polymers having different structures. Further, the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may contain a polymer other than the specific polymer (hereinafter, also referred to as a second polymer) and various additives.
- the ratio of the second polymer to all the polymer components is preferably 5% by mass or more, for example, 5 to 95% by mass.
- polyamic acid polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or its derivative, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, poly (meth) Acrylate and the like
- a polyamic acid hereinafter, also referred to as a second polyamic acid
- a polyamic acid obtained from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component is preferable as the second polymer.
- Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component for obtaining the second polyamic acid include a compound represented by the following formula (7).
- A is a tetravalent organic group, preferably a tetravalent organic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component for obtaining the second polyamic acid may be one kind of tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or two or more kinds of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be used in combination.
- Examples of the diamine component for obtaining the second polyamic acid include a diamine represented by the formula (3), a diamine represented by the formula (4), and other diamines exemplified above. . From the viewpoint of improving the relaxation rate of accumulated charge, it is preferable to use at least one of the diamines represented by the following formula (8). As the diamine component for obtaining the second polyamic acid, two or more diamines may be used in combination.
- Y 2 is a divalent organic group having a nitrogen atom bonded to an aromatic group or having a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle. Preferred structures of Y 2 are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the molecular weight of the second polyamic acid is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 2,000 to 500,000, preferably 5,000 to 300,000, more preferably 10,000 to 100,000 in Mw. Further, Mn is 1,000 to 250,000, preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and more preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the content (concentration) of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed, but from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film. It is preferably at least 1% by mass, and more preferably at most 10% by mass from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution. A particularly preferred concentration of the polymer is 2 to 8% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, Examples thereof include 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, and 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, even if the solvent alone cannot dissolve the polymer component uniformly, it may be mixed with the above organic solvent as long as the polymer is not precipitated.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain a solvent for improving the uniformity of the coating when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to the substrate, in addition to the organic solvent for dissolving the polymer component.
- a solvent a solvent having a lower surface tension than the above-mentioned organic solvent is generally used.
- Specific examples thereof include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, and 1-butoxy-2-propanol.
- 1-phenoxy-2-propanol propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether-2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-monoethyl ether-2-acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, dipropylene glycol , 2- (2-ethoxypropoxy) propanol, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n-propyl lactate, n-butyl lactate, isobutyl lactate Glycol ester and the like.
- solvents may be used in combination of two or more.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes a dielectric or conductive substance for changing electric properties such as a dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal alignment film, and a purpose of improving adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate.
- An accelerator or the like may be added.
- Step (A) a step of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention onto a substrate.
- Step (B) a step of heating the applied liquid crystal aligning agent at a temperature at which thermal imidization does not substantially proceed to obtain a film.
- Step (C) a step of irradiating the film obtained in step (B) with polarized ultraviolet light.
- Step (D) a step of baking the film obtained in step (C) at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and higher than that of step (B).
- the substrate on which the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a substrate having high transparency, and a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used together with a glass substrate and a silicon nitride substrate.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is formed in terms of simplification of the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used. In this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used for the electrode.
- the method of applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but a method of performing screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an inkjet method, or the like is generally used.
- Other coating methods include a dip method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, a spray method and the like, and these may be used according to the purpose.
- Step (B) is a step of heating the liquid crystal aligning agent applied on the substrate under the condition that thermal imidization does not substantially proceed to form a film.
- the solvent is evaporated by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven, or an IR (infrared) type oven to form a film.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven, or an IR (infrared) type oven to form a film.
- any temperature and time can be selected as long as the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be removed under the condition that thermal imidization does not substantially proceed.
- heating at 50 to 150 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes is preferable to sufficiently remove the contained solvent, and heating at 50 to 120 ° C. for 1 to 5 minutes is more preferable.
- Step (C) is a step of irradiating polarized ultraviolet light to the film obtained in step (B).
- the ultraviolet rays those having a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm are preferable, and those having a wavelength of 200 to 300 nm are more preferable.
- the substrate coated with the liquid crystal alignment agent may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays while being heated at 50 to 250 ° C.
- the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet ray is, for example, 1 to 2,000 mJ / cm 2 , preferably 10 to 1,000 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 100 to 600 mJ / cm 2 .
- the polarized ultraviolet light has a higher extinction ratio because higher anisotropy can be imparted thereto.
- the extinction ratio of the linearly polarized ultraviolet light is preferably 10: 1 or more, and more preferably 20: 1 or more.
- Step (D) is a step of baking the film irradiated with the ultraviolet light in step (C). Specifically, this is a step of firing at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and higher than the temperature heated in step (B).
- the firing temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is 100 ° C. or higher and higher than the heating temperature in step (B), but is preferably 150 to 300 ° C., more preferably 150 to 250 ° C., and further preferably 200 to 250 ° C. .
- the firing time is preferably from 5 to 120 minutes, more preferably from 5 to 60 minutes, even more preferably from 5 to 30 minutes. If the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is too small, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be reduced. Therefore, the thickness is preferably from 5 to 300 nm, more preferably from 10 to 200 nm.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is suitable as a liquid crystal alignment film of a liquid crystal display device of a lateral electric field type such as an IPS type or an FFS type, and is particularly useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of an FFS type liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display element is manufactured by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention, manufacturing a liquid crystal cell by a known method, and using the liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure As an example of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal cell, a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure will be described as an example. Note that an active matrix liquid crystal display element in which a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion forming an image display may be used.
- a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion forming an image display
- a transparent glass substrate is prepared, and a common electrode is provided on one substrate, and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
- These electrodes can be, for example, ITO electrodes, and are patterned so that a desired image can be displayed.
- an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrode and the segment electrodes.
- the insulating film can be, for example, a SiO 2 —TiO 2 film formed by a sol-gel method.
- a liquid crystal alignment film is formed on each substrate, and the other substrate is superimposed on one substrate so that the surfaces of the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the periphery is bonded with a sealant.
- a spacer is mixed in the sealant in order to control the gap between the substrates.
- spacers for controlling the gap between the substrates are sprayed on the in-plane portion where the sealant is not provided.
- Part of the sealant is provided with an opening through which liquid crystal can be filled from the outside.
- a liquid crystal material is injected into a space surrounded by the two substrates and the sealant through an opening provided in the sealant, and then the opening is sealed with an adhesive.
- a vacuum injection method may be used, or a method utilizing a capillary phenomenon in the atmosphere may be used.
- the liquid crystal material either a positive liquid crystal material or a negative liquid crystal material may be used.
- a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, a pair of polarizing plates is attached to surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention an afterimage due to long-term AC driving generated in a liquid crystal display device of an IPS drive system or an FFS drive system can be suppressed, and the brightness generated by the remaining low molecular weight compound can be suppressed. It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film which has no problems such as points and can be manufactured in a smaller number of steps than in the related art.
- GPC apparatus manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101), column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805), column temperature: 50 ° C., eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (lithium bromide-water as an additive) 30 mmol / L of hydrate (LiBr.H 2 O), 30 mmol / L of phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystals (o-phosphoric acid), 10 ml / L of tetrahydrofuran (THF), flow rate: 1.0 ml / min.
- Standard sample TSK standard polyethylene oxide (Mw: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol manufactured by Polymer Laboratory (peak top molecular weight (Mp): about 12) 4,000, 4,000, 1,000).
- Mw about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000
- Mp peak top molecular weight
- the solution was subjected to proton NMR measurement at 500 MHz using an NMR measuring device (JNW-ECA500) (manufactured by JEOL Datum).
- JNW-ECA500 JNW-ECA500
- the imidation ratio is determined by determining a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after imidation as a reference proton.
- the liquid crystal cell for the fringe field switching (FFS) mode has a FOP (Finger on Plate) electrode layer formed on the surface, which includes a planar common electrode, an insulating layer, and a comb-shaped pixel electrode.
- FOP Finger on Plate
- the above-mentioned pixel electrode has a comb-like shape in which a plurality of electrode elements having a width of 3 ⁇ m and having a central portion bent at an inner angle of 160 ° are arranged in parallel at intervals of 6 ⁇ m, and one pixel includes: A first region and a second region are provided on a line connecting the bent portions of the plurality of electrode elements.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the first glass substrate is subjected to an alignment process so that the direction that equally divides the internal angle of the pixel bent portion is orthogonal to the liquid crystal alignment direction, and the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the second glass substrate is formed.
- the film is subjected to an alignment treatment such that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the first substrate and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the second substrate match.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent filtered through a filter having a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m was applied to each surface of the above-mentioned pair of glass substrates by spin coating, and dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes. After that, the coating film surface is irradiated with a predetermined amount of ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm, which is linearly polarized light having an extinction ratio of 26: 1, through a polarizing plate, and then baked in a hot air circulating oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes. A substrate with an alignment film was obtained.
- a sealant was printed on one of the pair of glass substrates provided with a liquid crystal alignment film, the other substrate was bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film surfaces faced, and the sealant was cured to produce an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck
- a liquid crystal cell is installed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, the backlight is turned on, and the liquid crystal cell is set so that the transmitted light intensity in the first region of the pixel is minimized.
- the rotation angle required when the liquid crystal cell was rotated such that the transmitted light intensity in the second region of the pixel was minimized was determined. It can be said that the residual image characteristics by the long-term AC driving are better as the value of the rotation angle is smaller.
- the value of the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell was 0.1 ° or less, it was evaluated as “good”.
- a polyimide resin powder was obtained.
- 3.60 g of the obtained polyimide resin powder was placed in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask, 26.4 g of NMP was added so that the solid content concentration became 12%, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved at 70 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a polyimide solution (A-1-).
- PI polyimide solution (see Table 2 below).
- the concentration (%) under the imidization conditions represents the concentration of the polymer in the solution in the imidization reaction.
- Example 1 50 ml of a triglyceride solution (4.0 g) of the 12% by mass polyimide acid solution (A-1-PI) obtained in Synthesis Example 8 and 4.8 g of a 15% by mass polyamic acid solution (B-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 6 were mixed.
- a triglyceride solution (4.0 g) of the 12% by mass polyimide acid solution (A-1-PI) obtained in Synthesis Example 8 and 4.8 g of a 15% by mass polyamic acid solution (B-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 6 were mixed.
- 3.24 g of NMP, 3.96 g of GBL, and 4.00 g of BCS were added and mixed at 25 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (1) (see Table 3 below). No abnormality such as turbidity or precipitation was observed in this liquid crystal aligning agent, and it was confirmed that the solution was a uniform solution.
- a / B indicates the mass% ratio of the polyimide solution / polyamic acid
- Liquid crystal alignment agents (2) to (8) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyamic acid solution and the polyimide solution shown in Table 3 below were used. No abnormalities such as turbidity and precipitation were observed in these liquid crystal aligning agents, and it was confirmed that the liquid crystal aligning agents were uniform solutions.
- Example 11 The afterimage characteristics were evaluated in accordance with the above-mentioned "afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive". That is, after the liquid crystal aligning agent (1) obtained in Example 1 was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m, the prepared electrode-coated substrate and a 4 ⁇ m-high columnar column having an ITO film formed on the back surface were prepared. It was applied to a glass substrate having a spacer by spin coating. After drying on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes, the coated surface was irradiated with a linearly polarized ultraviolet ray having an extinction ratio of 26: 1 at a wavelength of 254 nm through a polarizing plate.
- Baking was performed for 30 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- a pair of the obtained two substrates was used as a set, a sealant was printed on the substrates, and another substrate was bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment films faced each other so that the alignment direction was 0 °.
- the agent was cured to produce an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck
- the value (°) of the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell after the long-term AC driving is as shown in Table 4 below, that is, the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell when the irradiation amount of the ultraviolet rays is 0.2 J / cm 2. Was 0.09 °. In each case, since the angle was 0.1 ° or less from the minimum value of ⁇ , good liquid crystal alignment was obtained by using the liquid crystal aligning agent (1).
- Example 12 to 16 and Comparative Example 11 In Examples 12 to 16 and Comparative Example 11 in place of the liquid crystal aligning agent (1), an FFS-driven liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the liquid crystal aligning agents shown in Table 4 below were used. It was manufactured and an afterimage was evaluated by long-term AC driving. Table 4 shows the value of the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell after the long-term AC driving for each of Examples 12 to 16 and Comparative Example 11.
- the angle ⁇ (deg.) was less than 0.2 J / cm 2 in order to give an angle ⁇ (deg.) Of 0.1 ° or less. Is best. Since it has good afterimage characteristics, it is excellent in shortening the production time of the liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is useful for forming a liquid crystal alignment film in a wide range of liquid crystal display devices such as an IPS drive system and an FFS drive system.
- liquid crystal display devices such as an IPS drive system and an FFS drive system.
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Abstract
Description
下記式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物若しくはその誘導体を含有するテトラカルボン酸成分と、下記式(3)で表される第1のジアミン及び下記式(4)で表される第2のジアミンを含有するジアミン成分と、の重縮合反応から得られるポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドを含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
本発明に用いられる特定重合体は、特定構造を有するポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドである。ポリイミド前駆体としては、加熱又は触媒による化学イミド化によって、イミド環を形成するポリイミド前駆体であれば、特に限定されない。加熱によるイミド化、又は化学イミド化が進行しやすいという観点から、ポリイミド前駆体としては、ポリアミック酸、又はポリアミック酸エステルが好ましい。
以下、上記特定重合体を得るための原料となる各成分について詳述する。
本発明の液晶配向剤で使用する特定重合体の重合に用いられるテトラカルボン酸成分としては、テトラカルボン酸二無水物だけでなく、その誘導体であるテトラカルボン酸、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドなどを用いることもできる。
本発明に記載の特定重合体の重合に用いられるテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分は、上記式(1)及び(2)以外のテトラカルボン酸二無水物及びその誘導体を含有していてもよい。
本発明の液晶配向剤で使用する特定重合体の重合に用いられるジアミン成分は、下記式(3)で表されるジアミンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の第1のジアミンと、下記式(4)で表されるジアミンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の第2のジアミンとを含む。
m-フェニレンジアミン、4-(2-(メチルアミノ)エチル)アニリン、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、1,4-ジアミノナフタレン、1,5-ジアミノナフタレン、2,6-ジアミノナフタレン、2,7-ジアミノナフタレン、2,2’-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン、2,2’-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)プロパン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェネチル)ウレア、など。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸エステル、ポリアミック酸、及びこれらポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドは、公知の方法で合成できる。その一例としては、WO2013/157586に記載される方法が挙げられる。
特定重合体の分子量は、良好な塗膜が形成できる限りにおいて特に限定されないが、例えば、重量平均分子量(以下、Mwともいう。)で2,000~500,000が好ましく、より好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、さらに好ましくは、10,000~100,000である。また、数平均分子量(以下、Mnともいう。)は、好ましくは、1,000~250,000であり、より好ましくは、2,500~150,000であり、さらに好ましくは、5,000~50,000である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記の特定重合体と有機溶媒とを含有する組成物であり、異なる構造の特定重合体を2種以上含有していてもよい。また、本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合体以外の重合体(以下、第2の重合体とも言う。)や各種の添加剤を含有していてもよい。
特に、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とジアミン成分とから得られるポリアミック酸(以下、第2のポリアミック酸とも言う。)は第2の重合体として好ましい。
また、蓄積電荷の緩和速度の向上という観点から、下記式(8)で表されるジアミンの少なくとも1種を用いることが好ましい。第2のポリアミック酸を得るためのジアミン成分は、2種類以上のジアミンが併用されていてもよい。
本発明の液晶配向剤を用いた液晶配向膜の製造方法は特に限定されないが、以下に示す(A)~(D)の工程によって製造することで、本発明の液晶配向剤が有する優れた特性をより効果的に発揮することができる。
工程(A):本発明の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程。
工程(B):塗布した液晶配向剤を熱イミド化が実質的に進行しない温度で加熱して膜を得る工程。
工程(C):工程(B)で得られた膜に偏光された紫外線を照射する工程。
工程(D):工程(C)で得られた膜を、100℃以上、且つ、工程(B)よりも高い温度で焼成する工程。
<工程(A)>
本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、窒化珪素基板とともに、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板等を用いることもできる。その際、液晶を駆動させるためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いると、プロセスの簡素化の点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハーなどの不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウムなどの光を反射する材料も使用できる。
液晶配向剤の塗布方法は、特に限定されないが、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷又はインクジェット法などで行う方法が一般的である。その他の塗布方法としては、ディップ法、ロールコータ法、スリットコータ法、スピンナー法、スプレー法などがあり、目的に応じてこれらを用いてもよい。
工程(B)は、基板上に塗布した液晶配向剤を、熱イミド化が実質的に進行しない条件で加熱し、膜を形成する工程である。液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布した後は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブン、IR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段により、溶媒を蒸発させて膜とする。この工程では、熱イミド化が実質的に進行しない条件で液晶配向剤が含有する有機溶媒を除去できれば、任意の温度と時間を選択することができる。通常は、含有される溶媒を十分に除去するために50~150℃で1~10分加熱することが好ましく、50~120℃で1~5分加熱することがより好ましい。
工程(C)は、工程(B)で得られた膜に偏光された紫外線を照射する工程である。紫外線としては、200~400nmの波長を有するものが好ましく、なかでも、200~300nmの波長を有するものがより好ましい。液晶配向性を改善するために、液晶配向剤が塗膜された基板を50~250℃で加熱しながら、紫外線を照射してもよい。紫外線の照射量としては、例えば1~2,000mJ/cm2であり、好ましくは10~1,000mJ/cm2であり、より好ましくは100~600mJ/cm2である。また、偏光された紫外線は消光比が高いほど、より高い異方性が付与できるため好ましい。具体的には、直線に偏光された紫外線の消光比は、10:1以上が好ましく、20:1以上がより好ましい。
工程(D)は、工程(C)で紫外線を照射した膜を焼成する工程である。具体的には、100℃以上、かつ、工程(B)で加熱した温度よりも高い温度で焼成する工程である。焼成温度は、100℃以上、かつ、工程(B)での加熱温度よりも高ければ、特に限定されないが、150~300℃が好ましく、150~250℃がより好ましく、200~250℃がさらに好ましい。焼成時間は、5~120分が好ましく、より好ましくは5~60分、更に好ましくは、5~30分である。焼成後の液晶配向膜の厚みは、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
なお、以下における化合物の略号及び各特性の測定方法は、次のとおりである。また、下記における数値及び単位は、特に言及しない限り、いずれも、質量基準である。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、 GBL:γ―ブチロラクトン、
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ、
E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
[分子量]
GPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置を使用して測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として、Mn及びMwを算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製(GPC-101)、カラム:Shodex社製(KD803、KD805の直列)、カラム温度:50℃、溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)、流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(Mw:約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(ピークトップ分子量(Mp):約12,000、4,000、1,000)。測定は、ピークが重なるのを避けるため、900,000、100,000、12,000、1,000の4種類を混合したサンプル、及び150,000、30,000、4,000の3種類を混合したサンプルの2サンプルを別々に測定した。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式中、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値であり、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値であり、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
フリンジフィールドスィッチング(Fringe Field Switching:FFS)モード用の液晶セルは、面形状の共通電極-絶縁層-櫛歯形状の画素電極からなるFOP(Finger on Plate)電極層が表面に形成されている第1のガラス基板と、表面に高さ4μmの柱状スペーサーを有し裏面に帯電防止の為のITO膜が形成されている第2のガラス基板とを、一組とした。上記の画素電極は、中央部分が内角160°で屈曲した幅3μmの電極要素が6μmの間隔を開けて平行になるように複数配列された櫛歯形状を有しており、1つの画素は、複数の電極要素の屈曲部を結ぶ線を境に第1領域と第2領域を有している。
なお、第1のガラス基板に形成する液晶配向膜は、画素屈曲部の内角を等分する方向と液晶の配向方向とが直交するように配向処理し、第2のガラス基板に形成する液晶配向膜は、液晶セルを作製した時に第1の基板上の液晶の配向方向と第2の基板上の液晶の配向方向とが一致するように配向処理する。
次に、上記一組の液晶配向膜付きガラス基板の一方にシール剤を印刷し、もう一方の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合うように貼り合わせ、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-3019(メルク社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、FFS駆動液晶セルを得た。その後、得られた液晶セルを120℃で1時間加熱し、一晩放置してから残像特性の評価を実施した。
上記で作製したFFS駆動液晶セルに対し、60℃の恒温環境下、周波数60Hzで±5Vの交流電圧を120時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間をショートさせた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。
上記の処理を行った液晶セルに関して、電圧無印加状態における、画素の第1領域の液晶の配向方向と第2領域の液晶の配向方向とのずれを角度として算出した。
具体的には、偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に液晶セルを設置し、バックライトを点灯させ、画素の第1領域の透過光強度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルの配置角度を調整し、次に画素の第2領域の透過光強度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルを回転させたときに要する回転角度を求めた。
長期交流駆動による残像特性は、この回転角度の値が小さいほど良好であると言える。液晶セルの角度Δの値が0.1°以下の場合には「良好」と評価した。
<合成例1>
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの300mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を5.86g(24.0mmol)、DA-2を1.73g(16.0mmol)、DA-3を7.02g(24.0mmol)及びDA-5を3.80g(16.0mmol)を量り取り、NMPを205.7g加えて、窒素を送りながら撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらCA-1を14.88g(66.4mmol)、及びCA-2を3.00g(12.0mmol)添加し、40℃で24時間撹拌してポリアミック酸溶液(A-1)(粘度:445mPa・s)を得た。ポリアミック酸のMnは11200であり、Mwは33900であった。
下記表1に示す、ジアミン成分、テトラカルボン酸成分、合成例1と同様の操作を実施することにより、下記表1に示すポリアミック酸溶液(A-2)~(A-5)、(B-1)~(B-2)を得た。また、得られたポリアミック酸の粘度、Mn、Mwを、下記表1に示す。
なお、合成例1~7で得られるポリアミック酸溶液におけるポリアミック酸の濃度はいずれも、15質量%であった。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの300mL四つ口フラスコに得られたポリアミック酸溶液(A-1)を100g量り取り、NMPを50g加え、30分撹拌した。得られたポリアミック酸溶液に、無水酢酸を16.78g、ピリジンを5.20g加えて、50℃で3時間加熱し、化学イミド化を行った。得られた反応液を600mlのメタノールに撹拌しながら投入し、析出した沈殿物をろ取し、同様の操作を2回実施することで樹脂粉末を洗浄した後、60℃で12時間乾燥することで、ポリイミド樹脂粉末を得た。このポリイミド樹脂粉末のイミド化率は71%であり、Mn=12600、Mw=33900であった。得られたポリイミド樹脂粉末3.60gを100ml三角フラスコに取り、固形分濃度が12%になるようにNMPを26.4g加え、70℃で24時間撹拌し溶解させてポリイミド溶液(A-1-PI)を得た(下記表2参照)。
なお、表2中、イミド化条件における濃度(%)は、イミド化反応における溶液中の重合体濃度を表す。
下記表2に示す、無水酢酸及びピリジンを使用し、かつ、ポリアミック酸溶液(A-1)の代わりに、それぞれ、ポリアミック酸溶液(A-2)~(A-5)を用いたほかは合成例8と同様に化学イミド化を実施することのより、ポリイミド溶液(A-2-PI)~(A-5-PI)を得た。また、得られたポリイミドのイミド化率、及びMn/Mwを下記表2に示す。
合成例8で得られた12質量%のポリイミド酸溶液(A-1―PI)4.0g、合成例6で得られた15質量%のポリアミック酸溶液(B-1)4.8gを50ml三角フラスコに取り、NMP3.24g、GBL3.96g、BCS4.00gを加え、25℃にて8時間混合して、液晶配向剤(1)を得た(下記の表3参照)。この液晶配向剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
なお、表3中、A/Bは、ポリイミド溶液/ポリアミック酸溶液の質量%比率を示し、また、固形分比率(質量%)は、液晶配向剤中における重合体の含有比率を示す。
下記表3のポリアミック酸溶液、及びポリイミド溶液を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様に実施することにより、液晶配向剤(2)~(8)を得た。これらの液晶配向剤は、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
上記した[長期交流駆動による残像評価]に従って残像特性を評価した。すなわち、実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(1)を孔径1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、準備された上記電極付き基板と裏面にITO膜が成膜されている高さ4μmの柱状スペーサーを有するガラス基板に、スピンコート塗布にて塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた後、この塗膜面に偏光板を介して消光比26:1の直線偏光した波長254nmの紫外線を照射した後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
得られた上記2枚の基板を一組とし、基板上にシール剤を印刷し、もう1枚の基板を、液晶配向膜面が向き合い配向方向が0°になるようにして張り合わせた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-3019(メルク社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、FFS駆動液晶セルを得た。その後、得られた液晶セルを120℃で1時間加熱し、一晩放置して、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。
長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値(°)は、下記の表4に示すとおりである、すなわち、上記紫外線の照射量が、0.2J/cm2での液晶セルの角度Δの値は、0.09°であった。いずれも、角度Δの最小値から0.1°以下であることから、液晶配向剤(1)によれば良好な液晶配向性が得られた。
液晶配向剤(1)の代わりに、実施例12~16及び比較例11では、下記表4に示した液晶配向剤を用いた以外は、実施例11と全く同様の方法でFFS駆動液晶セルを作製し、長期交流駆動による残像評価を実施した。
実施例12~16及び比較例11のそれぞれについて、長期交流駆動後におけるこの液晶セルの角度Δの値を表4に示す。
なお、2018年8月20日に出願された日本特許出願2018-154227号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (13)
- 下記式(1)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物若しくはその誘導体を含有するテトラカルボン酸成分と、下記式(3)で表される第1のジアミン及び下記式(4)で表される第2のジアミンを含有するジアミン成分と、の重縮合反応から得られるポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドを含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(但し、X1は下記式(X1-1)又は(X1-2)で表される構造である。)
(但し、R3~R12は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基、フッ素原子を含有する炭素数1~6の1価の有機基、又はフェニル基であり、R3~R6の少なくとも一つは上記定義中の水素原子以外の基である。)
(但し、A1は炭素数2~10のアルキレン、又は、前記アルキレンが有する-CH2-の少なくとも一つを連続しない条件で-O-又は-S-で置き換えた基である。A2は、ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシル基、アミノ基、チオール基、ニトロ基、リン酸基、又は炭素数1~20の1価の有機基であり、aは0~4の整数であり、A2が複数存在する場合、A2は同一でも異なってもよい。b及びcはそれぞれ独立して1又は2の整数であり、dは0又は1の整数である。)
- 前記式(3)で表される第1のジアミンが、前記ジアミン成分に対して、40~90モル%含有される請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(4)で表される第2のジアミンが、前記ジアミン成分に対して、10~40モル%含有される請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(2)で表されるテトラカルボン酸二無水物若しくはその誘導体が、テトラカルボン酸成分に対して、1~30モル%含有される請求項7に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項9に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記の工程(A)、工程(B)、工程(C)及び工程(D)を有する液晶配向膜の製造方法。
工程(A):請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程。
工程(B):塗布した液晶配向剤を熱イミド化が実質的に進行しない条件で加熱して膜を得る工程。
工程(C):工程(B)で得られた膜に偏光された紫外線を照射する工程。
工程(D):工程(C)で得られた膜を100℃以上で、且つ工程(B)よりも高い温度で焼成する工程。 - 前記工程(B)において、50℃~150℃で加熱する請求項11に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(D)において、前記膜を150~300℃で焼成する請求項11又は12に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
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| CN113930248A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-14 | 奇美实业股份有限公司 | 液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件 |
| CN113930247A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-14 | 奇美实业股份有限公司 | 液晶配向剂、液晶配向膜及液晶显示元件 |
| CN115968453A (zh) * | 2020-04-15 | 2023-04-14 | 日产化学株式会社 | 液晶取向剂、液晶取向膜以及液晶显示元件 |
| WO2024122359A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-13 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
| WO2025079520A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-10 | 2025-04-17 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
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| WO2024122359A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-09 | 2024-06-13 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 |
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