WO2019123716A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019123716A1 WO2019123716A1 PCT/JP2018/030807 JP2018030807W WO2019123716A1 WO 2019123716 A1 WO2019123716 A1 WO 2019123716A1 JP 2018030807 W JP2018030807 W JP 2018030807W WO 2019123716 A1 WO2019123716 A1 WO 2019123716A1
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- Prior art keywords
- switching element
- semiconductor
- voltage
- control unit
- smoothing capacitor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
- H02P2201/09—Boost converter, i.e. DC-DC step up converter increasing the voltage between the supply and the inverter driving the motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present application relates to a power converter.
- switching elements S1 and S2 and diodes D1 and D2 are arranged in series, and resistors R4, R3, R2 and R1 are respectively connected to switching elements S1 and S2 and diodes D1 and D2. They are arranged in parallel to each other.
- the switching elements S1 and S2 are resistors for voltage balance which adjust the voltage applied to the diodes D1 and D2.
- the voltage balancing resistors R1 to R4 are the voltage balances of the switching elements S1 and S2 and the diodes D1 and D2.
- a power conversion device that performs the following control is disclosed.
- the overvoltage detector outputs a trip signal of the inverter when the DC voltage of the smoothing capacitor exceeds a preset overvoltage value.
- the DC voltage monitor measures the time when the DC voltage of the smoothing capacitor becomes equal to or higher than the overvoltage threshold, and outputs an alarm when a predetermined time or more has elapsed. Measures for reducing the voltage by manual operation such as opening the condenser of the system are performed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the overvoltage of each semiconductor element can be suppressed when the input voltage is reduced to zero or greatly and the power conversion device is stopped.
- the voltage reduction measures by manual operation such as opening of the capacitor are taken. It took time to take action, and it was not possible to eliminate the overvoltage promptly.
- the bus voltage may rise due to the regenerative power from the load, and the voltage of the smoothing capacitor connected to the bus voltage may rise. Due to the voltage increase of the smoothing capacitor, an excessive voltage may be applied to each semiconductor element in the power conversion device.
- the withstand voltage of the semiconductor element of the boost converter is generally lower than the withstand voltage of the semiconductor element of the inverter.
- the present application discloses a technique for solving the problems as described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a power conversion device capable of quickly suppressing an overvoltage of a semiconductor element in the power conversion device during operation of the power conversion device. I assume.
- the power converter disclosed in the present application is A boost converter for boosting the output voltage from the DC power supply unit, a smoothing capacitor for smoothing the output voltage of the boost converter, an inverter for converting the voltage of the smoothing capacitor to an alternating voltage, and the boost converter and the inverter
- the boost converter is A reactor whose first end is connected to the DC power supply unit;
- Four semiconductor elements, ie, a first semiconductor element, a second semiconductor element, a first semiconductor switching element, and a second semiconductor switching element, each controlling conduction and interruption of current, are connected in series between positive and negative terminals of the smoothing capacitor, A leg portion in which a second end of the reactor is connected to a connection point between the second semiconductor element and the first semiconductor switching element;
- An intermediate capacitor connected between a connection point of the first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element, and a connection point of the first semiconductor switching element and the second semiconductor switching element;
- the control unit Controlling the on / off of the first semiconductor switching device and the second semiconductor switching device in the normal
- a power converter can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a first embodiment.
- 2 is an internal configuration diagram of a control unit according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the input and the output of the gate block unit according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a waveform diagram showing an operation of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing voltages of respective parts of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the voltage of each part in the power converter device by a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a first
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an internal configuration diagram of a control unit according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the input and the output of the gate block unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is an internal configuration diagram of a control unit according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the input and the output of the gate block unit according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including the power conversion device 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an internal configuration diagram of the control unit 50 in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between inputs and outputs of the gate block units 56, 57, 58 of the control unit 50 shown in FIG.
- the power conversion device 100 is provided between the DC power supply unit 1 and the AC motor 40, converts a DC voltage from the DC power supply unit 1, and drives the AC motor 40.
- Power conversion device 100 includes a multilevel boost circuit 20 as a boost converter for boosting the output voltage from DC power supply unit 1, a smoothing capacitor 30 for smoothing the output voltage of multilevel boost circuit 20, and a smoothing capacitor 30. It includes an inverter 35 which converts the smoothed voltage into an AC voltage and outputs it to the AC motor 40, and a control unit 50 which controls the multi-level booster circuit 20 and the inverter 35.
- the power conversion system of the present embodiment is configured by power conversion device 100 configured as described above, DC power supply unit 1, and AC motor 40.
- Multi-level boost circuit 20 of power conversion device 100 includes reactor 2, leg portion 8 connected between positive and negative terminals of smoothing capacitor 30, intermediate capacitor 7, and balance resistors 10 and 11.
- the leg portion 8 of the multi-level booster circuit 20 controls the conduction and interruption of the current from the side connected to the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor 30, respectively, the first diode 3 as a first semiconductor element and the second semiconductor element 4 semiconductor elements arranged in the order of a second diode 4 as a first semiconductor switching element, a first switching element 5 as a first semiconductor switching element, and a second switching element 6 as a second semiconductor switching element are connected in series .
- the first diode 3 and the second diode 4 are arranged such that current flows from the intermediate node n, which is a connection point between the second diode 4 and the first switching element 5, toward the positive output terminal of the multilevel booster circuit 20. Be done.
- the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 are arranged such that current flows from the intermediate node n toward the negative output end of the multilevel booster circuit 20.
- An output end as the second end of reactor 2 is connected to intermediate node n, and an input end as the first end of reactor 2 is connected to DC power supply unit 1.
- the positive terminal of the intermediate capacitor 7 is connected to the connection point between the first diode 3 and the second diode 4, and the negative terminal of the intermediate capacitor 7 is connected between the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6.
- the balance resistor 10 is connected in parallel to the first diode 3, and the balance resistor 11 is connected in parallel to the second switching element 6.
- the balance resistors 10 and 11 are connected to only the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 among the four semiconductor elements included in the leg portion 8.
- the balance resistors 10 and 11 are provided for the purpose of stabilizing the ratio of the applied voltage distributed to each semiconductor element of the leg portion 8.
- Power converter 100 further includes voltage detection means 30A for detecting voltage Vdc of smoothing capacitor 30.
- the detected smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc is input to the control unit 50.
- the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 used in the leg portion 8 of the multi-level booster circuit 20 may be IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) or MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). It can be configured with a semiconductor element.
- the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 may have diodes in antiparallel.
- the semiconductor elements (the first diode 3, the second diode 4, the first switching element 5, and the second switching element 6) of the leg portion 8 are made of silicon (Si), SiC (silicon carbide), GaN, and the like. It is needless to say that the semiconductor can be made of a semiconductor such as (gallium nitride).
- the first diode 3 and the second diode 4 may have a switching function, and may be configured with semiconductor elements such as IGBTs or MOSFETs having diodes connected in reverse parallel, but the present embodiment.
- semiconductor elements such as IGBTs or MOSFETs having diodes connected in reverse parallel, but the present embodiment.
- the AC motor 40 may be either an induction machine or a synchronous machine.
- the multilevel booster circuit 20 has a function of boosting the voltage of the smoothing capacitor 30, and causes the intermediate capacitor 7 to generate a DC voltage which is a voltage equal to or less than the voltage of the smoothing capacitor 30. That is, the multi-level booster circuit 20 is characterized in that the output voltage level is multi-level three levels. When the voltage Vm of the intermediate capacitor 7 is controlled to 1/2 Vdc which is half of the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc, the multilevel booster circuit 20 can output three levels of 0, 1/2 Vdc, and Vdc. Such a multilevel booster circuit is characterized in that the switching loss of the switching element can be reduced and the carrier ripple current of the reactor can be reduced, so that the efficiency is high.
- the control unit 50 includes a comparator 51, a latch unit 52, gate block units 56, 57, 58, and gate signal generation units 53, 54, 55.
- the control unit 50 can be configured with an analog circuit, or can be configured using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a microcomputer, or the like.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field-programmable gate array
- microcomputer or the like.
- the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc detected by the voltage detection means 30A is input to the positive side of the comparator 51, and the comparison signal Vdcref as a reference voltage value is input to the negative side of the comparator 51.
- the comparison signal Vdcref inputs a voltage serving as a reference for stopping the inverter 35.
- As a design value of the comparison signal Vdcref it is preferable to set the comparison signal Vdcref ⁇ 400 V in the AC 200 V inverter and to set the comparison signal V dcref 800 800 V in the AC 400 V inverter.
- the comparator 51 compares the input smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc with the comparison signal Vdcref, and outputs “0” when the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc ⁇ the comparison signal Vdcref, and the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc ⁇ the comparison signal Vdcref If it is, output "1". That is, the comparator 51 outputs “1” only when the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage exceeding the reference voltage value, and outputs “0” otherwise normal. Thus, the comparator 51 has an abnormality determination function of detecting an overvoltage of the smoothing capacitor 30.
- the output result of the comparator 51 is output to the latch unit 52.
- the comparator 51 is formed by an analog circuit, it is generally designed by a comparator. Needless to say, it is also possible to design with an ASIC or an FPGA.
- the latch unit 52 is provided to hold “1” which is an abnormal signal until the release signal S1 is input when the comparator 51 detects an overvoltage.
- the latch unit 52 can be configured by an RS flip flop having input terminals of R (reset) and S (set) when designing with a logic circuit.
- the output of the comparator 51 may be input to the set input terminal of the latch unit 52, and the release signal S1 may be input to the reset input terminal.
- the release signal S1 may be externally input by the operator, for example, or may be generated in the control unit 50.
- the output of the comparator 51 is inverted by an inverter and then delayed by a delay unit by a predetermined period.
- the latch unit 52 sets the output to “0” in the normal state after a predetermined period has elapsed since the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes lower than the reference voltage value.
- the control unit 50 is prevented from alternately repeating the protection operation and the normal operation at the time of an abnormality to be described later frequently, thereby damaging the device. It can prevent.
- the gate signal generation unit 53 generates a gate signal G3a for the switching element 36 that the inverter 35 has.
- the gate signal generation units 54 and 55 respectively generate gate signals G1a and G2a for the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 that the multilevel booster circuit 20 has.
- the gate block units 56, 57, 58 will be described.
- the gate signals G1, G2, G3 of the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 which the multilevel booster circuit 20 has and the switching element 36 which the inverter 35 has. are set to "0" and can be configured by a logic circuit.
- the gate block unit 56 receives the output of the latch unit 52 and the gate signal G3a.
- the gate block unit 57 receives the output of the latch unit 52 and the gate signal G1a.
- the gate block unit 58 receives the output of the latch unit 52 and the gate signal G2a.
- the output signals (gate signals G1, G2, G3) of the gate block units 56, 57, 58 are determined by the logic shown in FIG. That is, the control unit 50 outputs "1" from the gate block units 56, 57, 58 only when the gate signals G1a, G2a, G3a are "1" and the output of the latch unit 52 is "0" at the normal time.
- the gate signals G1, G2, and G3 are output, and in the case of an abnormality, the protection mode is activated in which the gate signals G1, G2, and G3 of "0" are output.
- the control unit 50 when the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc is normally lower than the reference voltage value, the control unit 50 operates in the normal mode to control the on / off of the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 of the multilevel booster circuit 20. And causes the multi-level booster circuit 20 to output a multi-level voltage. Furthermore, the control unit 50 controls the on / off of the switching element 36 of the inverter 35 to generate an alternating voltage. On the other hand, when it is abnormal that the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes higher than the reference voltage value, the control unit 50 operates in the protection mode and turns off the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 of the multilevel boost circuit 20. At the same time, the switching operation of each switching element 36 of the inverter 35 is stopped and gate blocking is performed.
- gate block portions 56, 57, 58 for outputting the gate signal G1 of the first switching element 5, the gate signal G2 of the second switching element 6, and the gate signal G3 for the inverter 35 are shown.
- the configuration provided is shown.
- six gate block portions are required. Therefore, if gate blocks for the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 of the multilevel booster circuit 20 are included, a total of eight gate block parts are required.
- FIG. 2 in order to prevent the drawing from being complicated, illustration of a part of gate block portions is omitted.
- FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing the operation of power conversion device 100 immediately after operating the protection mode while power conversion device 100 is in operation.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing voltages of respective portions in power conversion device 100 operating the protection mode.
- FIG. 4 three waveforms are shown, which are the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc, the current of the AC motor 40, and the rotation speed of the AC motor 40 in order from the top. It is assumed that the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc rises and becomes an overvoltage due to some abnormality during the operation of the power conversion device 100. Then, it is assumed that control unit 50 of power conversion device 100 detects a voltage rise of smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc, and operates the protection mode. By activating the protection mode, the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 of the multilevel booster circuit 20 are fixed in the OFF state at time 5.5 seconds, and the inverter 35 is gate-blocked and stopped. Do.
- the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc was taken from the result of FIG.
- the changing speed of the intermediate capacitor voltage Vm is sufficiently slower than the changing of the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc, and the voltage before the stop of the inverter does not change, so the voltage before the stop is set to 425V.
- the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 of the leg portion 8 of the multilevel booster circuit 20 are fixed in the off state. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the applied voltage of the first diode and the second switching element 6 of the leg portion 8 of the multilevel booster circuit 20 pulls the intermediate capacitor voltage Vm (425 V) from the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc (1030 V). Divided by 2 gives a value of 302.5V. The voltage applied to the second diode 4 and the first switching element 5 is 212.5 V obtained by dividing the intermediate capacitor voltage Vm (425 V) by 2.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing voltages of respective parts of the power conversion device in the case of this comparative example.
- the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 are not fixed in the off state when the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc is in an abnormal state as an overvoltage, as shown in FIG. 5, the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6
- the applied voltage of each semiconductor element of the leg portion 8 of the multi-level booster circuit 20 differs depending on the on / off state of the gate signals G1 and G2 of FIG.
- the control unit 50 of the power conversion device 100 of the present embodiment operates the protection mode when the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage during the operation of the power conversion device 100. Then, the control unit 50 fixes the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 of the multilevel booster circuit 20 in the OFF state and stops the inverter 35 in this protection mode. Stopping the inverter 35 may increase the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc in some cases, but even in this case, it is possible to prevent an excessive voltage from being applied to each semiconductor element in the multilevel booster circuit 20. As described above, the control unit 50 can stop the power conversion device 100 while suppressing the overvoltage of each semiconductor element in the multilevel boost circuit 20 when the power conversion device 100 is abnormal.
- the semiconductor element corresponding to the part shown by (*) in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 indicates the semiconductor element to which the voltage applied to the leg portion 8 is distributed.
- the applied voltage is not evenly distributed if there is a variation in impedance among the respective semiconductor elements. Even in such a case, it is possible to evenly distribute the applied voltage by connecting a resistor whose impedance is sufficiently smaller than that of the semiconductor element in parallel with the semiconductor element. In power converter 100 of the present embodiment, it is sufficient to balance applied voltages distributed to first diode 3 and second switching element 6 of leg portion 8.
- the first diode 3, the second diode 4, the first switching element 5, and the second switching element constituting the leg portion 8 only the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 are provided.
- the balance resistors 10 and 11 are connected in parallel, respectively. Further, the balance resistances 10 and 11 are taken into consideration after the impedances of the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 are off so that the voltages applied to the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 become equal. The resistance value of each is determined.
- the impedances of the first diode 3, the second diode 4, the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 in the off state are set to the same value in all the semiconductor elements. Calculated. Moreover, the impedance at the time of one
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power conversion system in the case where the configuration of the DC power supply unit 1 is modified.
- the DC power supply unit 1 may be configured of a three-phase AC power supply 1c as an AC power supply and a diode rectifier 1d that rectifies an output voltage of the three-phase AC power supply 1c.
- the three-phase AC power supply 1c may be replaced with a single-phase AC power supply as an AC power supply.
- control unit 50 stops the inverter 35 in the protection mode after the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage.
- the control unit 50 similarly operates the protection mode. Can.
- control unit 50 controls first switching element 5 of the multilevel booster circuit 20, the second switching element 50 in the abnormal state when smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage.
- a protection mode is operated to fix the switching element 6 in the off state.
- balance resistors 10 and 11 are connected in parallel to the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 of the multilevel booster circuit 20, respectively.
- the ratio of the applied voltage distributed to the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 can be stabilized.
- deterioration of each semiconductor element of the leg portion 8 can be further suppressed.
- the balance resistors are provided only in the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6, the number of balance resistors used is small. Thus, the hardware configuration can be reduced.
- the resistance values of the balance resistors 10 and 11 are determined so that the voltages applied to the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 become equal. Thereby, the ratio of the applied voltage distributed to the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 can be further stabilized.
- control unit 50 stops the switching operation of each switching element 36 included in the inverter 35 and stops the inverter 35 in the protection mode at the time of an abnormality in which the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage.
- the control unit 50 stops the switching operation of each switching element 36 included in the inverter 35 and stops the inverter 35 in the protection mode at the time of an abnormality in which the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage.
- the control unit 50 cancels the protection mode after a predetermined period has elapsed from this detection. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the protection operation at the time of abnormality and the normal operation from being repeated alternately frequently, and to prevent the deterioration of the device of the power conversion device 100.
- the control unit 50 sets the power running and regeneration operation modes of the multilevel booster circuit 20. Accordingly, on / off control of the semiconductor switching element is performed. Then, in the protection mode, the control unit 50 fixes the first switching element 5 and the second switching element 6 in the off state, and fixes the semiconductor switching element in the off state.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including the power conversion device 200a in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is an internal configuration diagram of the control unit 250 in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the input and the output of the gate block units 56, 57, 58, 59 shown in FIG.
- a step-down circuit 60 is provided between the DC power supply unit 1 and the multilevel booster circuit 20.
- the step-down circuit 60 includes a third switching element 61, a reactor 2, and a free wheeling diode 62.
- the third switching element 61 is connected in series between the DC power supply unit 1 and the input terminal of the reactor 2 and is PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) so that the DC voltage from the DC power supply unit 1 becomes the target voltage. It is controlled to be on and off by.
- the reflux diode 62 is connected such that the cathode side is connected to the connection point between the DC power supply unit 1 and the reactor 2, and the current output from the output end of the reactor 2 is returned to the input end of the reactor 2.
- the third switching element 61 can be formed of a semiconductor element such as an IGBT or a MOSFET.
- the step-down circuit 60 and the multilevel booster circuit 20 double as the reactor 2.
- the DC voltage can be stepped down.
- the step-up / step-down converter having both the step-down function and the step-up function can be configured by the step-down circuit 60 and the multilevel step-up circuit 20, and the control range of the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc can be expanded.
- the control unit 250 of the second embodiment further includes a gate signal generation unit 253 that generates a gate signal G4a for the third switching element 61 of the step-down circuit 60, and a gate block unit 259 to which the gate signal G4a is input.
- the operation method of the control unit 250 is substantially the same as the operation method of the control unit 50 described in the first embodiment, but the operation of the gate block unit 259 is different.
- the output signal (gate signal G4) of the gate block unit 259 is determined by the logic shown in FIG. Two types of operation methods, A method and B method, can be realized.
- a method the control unit 250 operates the same protection mode as that of the first embodiment at the time of abnormality (the output of the latch unit 52 is 1) when the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage value.
- the 60 third switching elements 61 are always fixed off.
- B method the control unit 250 operates the same protection mode as that of the first embodiment at the time of abnormality in which the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes equal to or higher than the reference voltage value, and the third switching element 61 of the step-down circuit 60 is constantly Lock on.
- the switching operation of the third switching element 61 by PWM is not performed when the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage, and thus the third switching element 61 is fixed in the on or off state. do it. It is needless to say that the step-down circuit 60 is not limited to the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 8 and can be changed to other circuit configurations such as multilevel.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion device 200b in the second embodiment.
- DC power supply unit 1 formed of three-phase AC power supply 1c and diode rectifier 1d shown in FIG. 7 of the first embodiment, and step-down circuit 60 shown in FIG. And.
- control range of the smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc can be expanded by including the step-down circuit 60. Furthermore, when smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc is an overvoltage, control unit 250 fixes first switching element 5 and second switching element 6 of multilevel boost circuit 20 in the off state as in the first embodiment. The protection mode is operated to stop the switching operation of each switching element 36 of the inverter 35. Further, the control unit 250 can properly stop the power conversion device 100 by fixing the third switching element 61 of the step-down circuit 60 in the on or off state in this protection mode.
- the three-phase AC power supply 1c may be replaced by a single-phase AC power supply as an AC power supply.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device 300a according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device 300b having a configuration different from that of the power conversion device 300a shown in FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including a power conversion device 300c having a configuration different from that of the power conversion devices 300a and 300b shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.
- the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the number and arrangement of balance resistors for stabilizing the ratio of the applied voltage distributed to each semiconductor element of the leg portion 8 of the multilevel booster circuit 20.
- the second diode 4 and the first switching element 5 connected in parallel with the intermediate capacitor 7 are connected.
- a balance resistor 212 is connected.
- balance resistors 213 and 214 are connected to second diode 4 and first switching element 5, respectively. Be done. Thereby, the ratio of the applied voltage distributed to each semiconductor element of the leg portion 8 can be reliably stabilized regardless of the off-state impedance of the second diode 4 and the first switching element 5.
- the balance resistance is not provided.
- the first diode 3 and the second switching element 6 are off and there is no risk of exceeding the withstand voltage of the semiconductor element, it is possible to make a configuration in which no balancing resistor is provided. This makes it possible to reduce the hardware configuration.
- a step-down circuit 60 is added, or the DC power supply unit 1 is configured with a three-phase AC power supply 1c and a diode rectifier 1d. It goes without saying that you can.
- the power conversion device 300 a of the present embodiment configured as described above, by connecting the balance resistor 212 in parallel to the intermediate capacitor 7, the semiconductor elements of the leg portion 8 regardless of the discharge state of the intermediate capacitor 7.
- the ratio of applied voltage distributed to Therefore the application of an excessive voltage to each semiconductor element of the leg portion 8 of the multilevel booster circuit 20 can be further reliably prevented.
- the second diode 4 and the first switching element 5 are connected to the balance resistors 213 and 214, respectively. It is possible to stabilize the ratio of the voltage applied to the semiconductor elements of the leg portion 8 regardless of the impedance of the first switching element 5 when the first switching element 5 is off. Therefore, the application of an excessive voltage to each semiconductor element of the leg portion 8 of the multilevel booster circuit 20 can be further reliably prevented. As described above, it is possible to provide a highly reliable power converter by quickly and surely preventing an excessive voltage from being applied to each semiconductor element in the power converter.
- the configuration of the hardware can be reduced in size by adopting a configuration without providing the balance resistance.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power conversion system including the power conversion device 400 in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is an internal configuration diagram of the control unit 450 in the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between inputs and outputs of the gate block units 56, 57, 58, 259 and 460 shown in FIG.
- Power conversion device 400 of the present embodiment differs from power conversion device 200 a of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8 in the configuration of step-down circuit 460 and in control in control unit 450.
- the step-down circuit 460 is obtained by changing the free wheeling diode 62 in the step-down circuit 60 shown in the second embodiment to the fourth switching element 463.
- synchronous rectification operation is performed using the fourth switching element 63.
- the step-down circuit 460 has been changed to operate at high efficiency.
- a MOSFET is used as the fourth switching element 463. By turning on this MOSFET at the time of current return, conduction loss can be reduced more than when the diode 62 is used.
- the gate signal generation unit 253 of the step-down circuit 460 generates the gate signal G5a for the fourth switching element 463 in addition to the generation of the gate signal G4a for the third switching element 61.
- the control unit 450 further includes a gate block unit 460 to which the gate signal G5a is input.
- the operation method of the control unit 450 is substantially the same as the operation method of the control unit 250 described in the second embodiment, but the operation of the added gate block unit 460 will be described below.
- the output signal (gate signal G5) of the gate block unit 460 is determined by the logic shown in FIG. As in the second embodiment, two types of operation methods, A method and B method, can be realized.
- the control unit 450 fixes the switching state of the fourth switching element 463 to be always off when the output of the latch unit 52 is 1 in either of the A method and the B method.
- the control unit 450 does not perform the synchronous rectification operation of the step-down circuit 460, and always fixes the fourth switching element 463 off.
- power conversion device 400 can be appropriately stopped when smoothing capacitor voltage Vdc becomes an overvoltage.
- Reference Signs List 1 DC power supply unit 1c AC power supply 1d diode rectifier 2 reactor 3 first diode 4 second diode 5 first switching element 6 second switching element 7 intermediate capacitor 30 smoothing capacitor 35 inverter 50 , 250, 450 control unit, 10, 11, 212, 213, 214 balance resistance, 60, 460 step-down circuit, 61 third switching element, 463 fourth switching element, 100, 200a, 200b, 300a, 300b, 300c, 400 Power converter.
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Abstract
Description
過電圧検出器は、平滑コンデンサの直流電圧が予め設定された過電圧値を越えたとき、インバータのトリップ信号を出力する。直流電圧監視器は、平滑コンデンサの直流電圧が過電圧しきい値以上となる時間をタイマで計時し、所定時間以上経過したとき、警報を出力する。系統のコンデンサ開放などの手動操作による電圧低減措置を施す(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
また、上記特許文献2に記載される従来の電力変換装置では、平滑コンデンサの過電圧時において、コンデンサ開放などの手動操作による電圧低減措置を施しているが、手動操作による対応では過電圧発生から電圧低減措置を施すまでに時間を要し、速やかに過電圧を解消できないものであった。
直流電源部からの出力電圧を昇圧する昇圧コンバータと、該昇圧コンバータの出力電圧を平滑する平滑コンデンサと、該平滑コンデンサの電圧を交流電圧に変換するインバータと、前記昇圧コンバータおよび前記インバータを制御する制御部とを備えた電力変換装置において、
前記昇圧コンバータは、
前記直流電源部に第1端が接続されるリアクトルと、
それぞれ電流の導通および遮断を制御する第1半導体素子、第2半導体素子、第1半導体スイッチング素子および第2半導体スイッチング素子の4つの半導体素子が直列に、前記平滑コンデンサの正負端子間に接続され、前記第2半導体素子と前記第1半導体スイッチング素子との接続点に前記リアクトルの第2端が接続されるレグ部と、
前記第1半導体素子、前記第2半導体素子の接続点と、前記第1半導体スイッチング素子、前記第2半導体スイッチング素子の接続点と、の間に接続される中間コンデンサとを備え、
前記制御部は、
通常モードにおいて、前記第1半導体スイッチング素子および前記第2半導体スイッチング素子のオン、オフを制御して、前記昇圧コンバータにマルチレベルの電圧を出力させ、
前記平滑コンデンサの電圧が、基準電圧値以上となった場合に、前記第1半導体スイッチング素子および前記第2半導体スイッチング素子をオフ状態に固定する保護モードを動作させる、
ものである。
以下、本願の実施の形態1による電力変換装置100について図を用いて説明する。
図1は、実施の形態1による電力変換装置100を含む電力変換システムの概略構成を示す図である。
図2は、本実施の形態1における制御部50の内部構成図である。
図3は、図2に示す制御部50のゲートブロック部56、57、58の入力と出力の関係を示す図である。
電力変換装置100は、直流電源部1からの出力電圧を昇圧する昇圧コンバータとしてのマルチレベル昇圧回路20と、このマルチレベル昇圧回路20の出力電圧を平滑する平滑コンデンサ30と、この平滑コンデンサ30により平滑された電圧を交流電圧に変換して交流モータ40に出力するインバータ35と、マルチレベル昇圧回路20およびインバータ35を制御する制御部50とを備える。
このように構成された電力変換装置100と、直流電源部1と、交流モータ40とで、本実施の形態の電力変換システムが構成される。
第1ダイオード3、第2ダイオード4は、第2ダイオード4と第1スイッチング素子5との接続点である中間ノードnからマルチレベル昇圧回路20の正側出力端に向けて電流が流れるように配置される。また、第1スイッチング素子5、第2スイッチング素子6は、上記中間ノードnからマルチレベル昇圧回路20の負側出力端に向けて電流が流れるように配置される。
また、中間コンデンサ7の正側端子は、第1ダイオード3と第2ダイオード4との接続点に接続され、中間コンデンサ7の負側端子は、第1スイッチング素子5と第2スイッチング素子6との接続点に接続される。
更に、第1ダイオード3と並列にバランス抵抗10が接続され、第2スイッチング素子6と並列にバランス抵抗11が接続される。このように、本実施の形態では、レグ部8が有する4つの半導体素子の内、第1ダイオード3、第2スイッチング素子6にのみ、バランス抵抗10、11が接続される。このバランス抵抗10、11は、レグ部8の各半導体素子に分配される印加電圧の比を安定させる目的で設置される。
また、電力変換装置100は、平滑コンデンサ30の電圧Vdcを検出するための電圧検出手段30Aを備える。検出された平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcは、制御部50に入力される。
また、第1ダイオード3、第2ダイオード4は、スイッチング機能を有し、逆並列に接続されたダイオードを有するIGBTあるいはMOSFETのような半導体素子で構成することも可能であるが、本実施の形態では、マルチレベル昇圧回路20の回生動作を必要としないので、ダイオードで構成している。
また、交流モータ40は、誘導機、同期機のどちらでもよい。
マルチレベル昇圧回路20は、平滑コンデンサ30の電圧を昇圧する機能を持つとともに、中間コンデンサ7に平滑コンデンサ30の電圧以下の電圧である直流電圧を発生させる。すなわち、マルチレベル昇圧回路20は、出力電圧レベルがマルチレベルの3レベルとなるのが特徴である。
中間コンデンサ7の電圧Vmを、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcの半分である1/2Vdcに制御すると、マルチレベル昇圧回路20は、0、1/2Vdc、Vdcの3レベルが出力できる。このようなマルチレベル昇圧回路は、スイッチング素子のスイッチング損失を小さくでき、リアクトルのキャリアリプル電流を小さくできるため、高効率となるのが特徴である。
図2に示すように、制御部50は、比較器51と、ラッチ部52と、ゲートブロック部56、57、58と、ゲート信号生成部53、54、55と、を備える。制御部50は、アナログ回路で構成することもできるし、ASIC(application specific integrated circuit)、FPGA(field-programmable gate array)、マイコン等を用いて構成することもできる。
以下、制御部50のそれぞれのブロックについて詳細を説明していく。
即ち、比較器51は、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが基準電圧値以上の過電圧となる異常時のみに“1”を出力し、それ以外の正常時には“0”を出力する。このように比較器51は、平滑コンデンサ30の過電圧を検出する異常判定機能を持つ。比較器51の出力結果は、ラッチ部52に出力される。
なお、比較器51は、アナログ回路で構成する場合、コンパレータで設計するのが一般的である。また、ASIC、FPGAで設計することも可能であることはいうまでもない。
ラッチ部52は、ロジック回路で設計する場合、R(リセット)とS(セット)の入力端子を有するRSフリップフロップで構成することができる。この場合、比較器51の出力を、ラッチ部52のセット入力端子に入力し、解除信号S1をリセット入力端子に入力すればよい。
平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが基準電圧値以上となり、比較器51の出力が異常時の“1”となった後、比較器51の出力が正常時の“0”に変わった場合においても、ラッチ部52の出力は“1”に固定される。解除信号S1が“1”を入力した場合において、ラッチ部52の出力は“1”から“0”に変更され、異常判定を解除することができる。
ゲート信号生成部53は、インバータ35が有するスイッチング素子36用のゲート信号G3aを生成する。また、ゲート信号生成部54、55は、それぞれマルチレベル昇圧回路20が有する第1スイッチング素子5、第2スイッチング素子6用のゲート信号G1a、G2aを生成する。
平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが過電圧となる異常時において、マルチレベル昇圧回路20が有する第1スイッチング素子5、第2スイッチング素子6と、インバータ35が有するスイッチング素子36の、それぞれのゲート信号G1、G2、G3を“0”にする目的で設置され、論理回路で構成することができる。
各ゲートブロック部56、57、58の出力信号(ゲート信号G1、G2、G3)は、図3に示した論理で決定される。即ち、制御部50は、ゲート信号G1a、G2a、G3aが“1”で、且つラッチ部52の出力が正常時の“0”の場合のみ、ゲートブロック部56、57、58から“1”のゲート信号G1、G2、G3を出力させ、異常時の場合では“0”のゲート信号G1、G2、G3を出力する保護モードを動作させる。
一方、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが基準電圧値以上となる異常時の場合は、制御部50は保護モードで動作し、マルチレベル昇圧回路20の第1スイッチング素子5と第2スイッチング素子6をオフ状態に固定する共に、インバータ35の各スイッチング素子36のスイッチング動作を停止させてゲートブロックする。
図4は、電力変換装置100の動作中において、保護モードを動作させた直後の電力変換装置100の動作を示す波形図である。
図5は、保護モードを動作させた電力変換装置100における各部の電圧を示す図である。
電力変換装置100の動作中において、何らかの異常により平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが上昇して過電圧となったとする。そして電力変換装置100の制御部50が、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcの電圧上昇を検知し、保護モードを動作させたとする。保護モードが動作されることにより、時間5.5sec時において、マルチレベル昇圧回路20の第1スイッチング素子5と第2スイッチング素子6がオフ状態に固定されると共に、インバータ35がゲートブロックされて停止する。
このような、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcの過電圧時における、マルチレベル昇圧回路20のレグ部8の各半導体素子に印加される電圧は、図5に示すようになる。
図6は、この比較例の場合における電力変換装置の各部の電圧を示す図である。
平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが過電圧となる異常時において、第1スイッチング素子5、第2スイッチング素子6をオフ状態に固定しない場合では、図5に示すように、第1スイッチング素子5、第2スイッチング素子6のゲート信号G1、G2のオン、オフ状態によって、マルチレベル昇圧回路20のレグ部8の各半導体素子の印加電圧が異なる。
このように、制御部50は、電力変換装置100の異常時において、マルチレベル昇圧回路20内の各半導体素子の過電圧を抑止しつつ、電力変換装置100を停止できる。
本実施の形態の電力変換装置100では、レグ部8の第1ダイオード3と第2スイッチング素子6とに分配される印加電圧のバランスを取ればよい。よって、レグ部8を構成する4つの半導体素子(第1ダイオード3、第2ダイオード4、第1スイッチング素子5、第2スイッチング素子)の内、第1ダイオード3と、第2スイッチング素子6にのみ、それぞれ並列にバランス抵抗10、11が接続される構成としている。
また、第1ダイオード3と第2スイッチング素子6との各印加電圧が均等になるように、第1ダイオード3と第2スイッチング素子6のオフ時のインピーダンスを考量した上で、バランス抵抗10、11の抵抗値をそれぞれ決定している。
図7は、直流電源部1の構成を変形した場合の、電力変換システムの概略構成を示す図である。
図1では、直流電源部1を直流電源を用いて構成した例を示した。しかしながらこの構成に限定するものではなく、直流電源部1は、交流電源としての三相交流電源1cと、この三相交流電源1cの出力電圧を整流するダイオード整流器1dとで構成してもよい。
このように、直流電源部1の構成を変形した場合においても、同様に本実施の形態の電力変換装置100を適用可能である。
なお、三相交流電源1cを、交流電源としての単相交流電源に置き換えてもよい。
これにより、マルチレベル昇圧回路20のレグ部8の各半導体素子に過大な電圧が印加されることを速やかに防止し、レグ部8の各半導体素子の劣化を抑制して信頼性の高い電力変換装置100を提供できる。
また、バランス抵抗を、第1ダイオード3と第2スイッチング素子6にのみ設けた構成としているため、使用するバランス抵抗の数が少ない。
こうして、ハードウェアの装置構成を小規模にできる。
以下、本実施の形態2を、上記実施の形態1と異なる箇所を中心に図を用いて説明する。上記実施の形態1と同様の部分は同一符号を付して説明を省略する。
図8は、本実施の形態2における電力変換装置200aを含む電力変換システムの概略構成を示す図である。
図9は、本実施の形態2における制御部250の内部構成図である。
図10は、図9に示すゲートブロック部56、57、58、59の入力と出力の関係を示す図である。
第3スイッチング素子61は、直流電源部1とリアクトル2の入力端との間に直列接続して設けられて、直流電源部1からの直流電圧が目標電圧になるようにPWM(Pulse Width Modulation)によりオン、オフ制御される。
還流ダイオード62は、カソード側が直流電源部1とリアクトル2との接続点に接続されて、リアクトル2の出力端から出力される電流をリアクトル2の入力端に戻すように設けられる。
なお、第3スイッチング素子61は、IGBTあるいはMOSFETのような半導体素子で構成できる。
このように、直流電源部1に降圧回路60を接続することで、直流電圧を降圧することができる。こうして、降圧回路60とマルチレベル昇圧回路20とで、降圧機能と昇圧機能の両方の機能を有した昇降圧コンバータを構成することができ、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcの制御範囲を拡大させることができる。
本実施の形態2の制御部250は、降圧回路60の第3スイッチング素子61に対するゲート信号G4aを生成するゲート信号生成部253と、このゲート信号G4aが入力されるゲートブロック部259とを更に備える。制御部250の動作方式は、実施の形態1に示した制御部50の動作方式とほぼ同一であるが、ゲートブロック部259の動作が異なる。
A方式は、制御部250は、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが基準電圧値以上となる異常時(ラッチ部52の出力が1)において、実施の形態1と同様の保護モードを動作させ、更に、降圧回路60の第3スイッチング素子61を常時オフに固定する。
B方式は、制御部250は、平滑コンデンサ電圧Vdcが基準電圧値以上となる異常時において、実施の形態1と同様の保護モードを動作させ、更に、降圧回路60の第3スイッチング素子61を常時オンに固定する。
なお、降圧回路60は、図8に示した回路構成に限定するものではなく、マルチレベルなど他の回路構成に変更できることは言うまでもない。
図11は、本実施の形態2における電力変換装置200bの概略構成を示す図である。
図11に示す電力変換装置200bでは、実施の形態1の図7に示した、三相交流電源1cとダイオード整流器1dとで構成された直流電源部1と、図8に示した降圧回路60と、を備える。
以下、本実施の形態3を、上記実施の形態1と異なる箇所を中心に図を用いて説明する。上記実施の形態1と同様の部分は同一符号を付して説明を省略する。
図12は、本実施の形態3における電力変換装置300aを含む電力変換システムの概略構成を示す図である。
図13は、図12に示した電力変換装置300aとは異なる構成の電力変換装置300bを含む電力変換システムの概略構成を示す図である。
図14は、図12、図13に示した電力変換装置300a、300b、とは異なる構成の電力変換装置300cを含む電力変換システムの概略構成を示す図である。
図12に示す電力変換装置300aでは、実施の形態1に示したバランス抵抗10、11に加えて、中間コンデンサ7に並列に、即ち、直列接続された第2ダイオード4と第1スイッチング素子5に並列に、バランス抵抗212が接続される。
これにより、中間コンデンサ7の充放電状態によらず、確実に、レグ部8の各半導体素子に分配される印加電圧の比を安定できる。
これにより、第2ダイオード4、第1スイッチング素子5のオフ時のインピーダンスによらず、確実に、レグ部8の各半導体素子に分配される印加電圧の比を安定できる。
第1ダイオード3、第2スイッチング素子6のオフ時のインピーダンスのばらつきが少なく、半導体素子の耐圧超過の恐れが無い場合は、このように、バランス抵抗を設けない構成にできる。これにより、ハードウェアの装置構成を小規模にできる。
このように、電力変換装置内の各半導体素子に過大な電圧が印加されることを速やかに、且つ、確実に防止して、信頼性の高い電力変換装置を提供できる。
以下、本実施の形態4を、上記実施の形態2と異なる箇所を中心に図を用いて説明する。上記実施の形態2と同様の部分は同一符号を付して説明を省略する。
図15は本実施の形態3における電力変換装置400を含む電力変換システムの概略構成を示す図である。
図16は、本実施の形態4における制御部450の内部構成図である。
図17は、図16に示すゲートブロック部56、57、58、259、460の入力と出力の関係を示す図である。
降圧回路460は、実施の形態2に示した降圧回路60における還流ダイオード62を、第4スイッチング素子463に変更したものであり、ここでは、第4スイッチング素子63を用いて同期整流動作させることで、降圧回路460を高効率動作するために変更した。図15に示すように、第4スイッチング素子463にはMOSFETを用いており、電流還流時にこのMOSFETをオンさせることで、ダイオード62を使用した際よりも導通損失を低減させることができる。
本実施の形態4の制御部450では、降圧回路460のゲート信号生成部253が、第3スイッチング素子61に対するゲート信号G4aの生成に加えて、第4スイッチング素子463に対するゲート信号G5aを生成する。そして、制御部450は、このゲート信号G5aが入力されるゲートブロック部460を更に備える。
制御部450の動作方式は、実施の形態2に示した制御部250の動作方式とほぼ同一であるが、以下、追加されたゲートブロック部460の動作について説明する。
従って、例示されていない無数の変形例が、本願に開示される技術の範囲内において想定される。例えば、少なくとも1つの構成要素を変形する場合、追加する場合または省略する場合、さらには、少なくとも1つの構成要素を抽出し、他の実施の形態の構成要素と組み合わせる場合が含まれるものとする。
Claims (10)
- 直流電源部からの出力電圧を昇圧する昇圧コンバータと、該昇圧コンバータの出力電圧を平滑する平滑コンデンサと、該平滑コンデンサの電圧を交流電圧に変換するインバータと、前記昇圧コンバータおよび前記インバータを制御する制御部とを備えた電力変換装置において、
前記昇圧コンバータは、
前記直流電源部に第1端が接続されるリアクトルと、
それぞれ電流の導通および遮断を制御する第1半導体素子、第2半導体素子、第1半導体スイッチング素子および第2半導体スイッチング素子の4つの半導体素子が直列に、前記平滑コンデンサの正負端子間に接続され、前記第2半導体素子と前記第1半導体スイッチング素子との接続点に前記リアクトルの第2端が接続されるレグ部と、
前記第1半導体素子、前記第2半導体素子の接続点と、前記第1半導体スイッチング素子、前記第2半導体スイッチング素子の接続点と、の間に接続される中間コンデンサとを備え、
前記制御部は、
通常モードにおいて、前記第1半導体スイッチング素子および前記第2半導体スイッチング素子のオン、オフを制御して、前記昇圧コンバータにマルチレベルの電圧を出力させ、
前記平滑コンデンサの電圧が、基準電圧値以上となった場合に、前記第1半導体スイッチング素子および前記第2半導体スイッチング素子をオフ状態に固定する保護モードを動作させる、
電力変換装置。 - 前記昇圧コンバータは、前記レグ部の各前記半導体素子に分配される印加電圧の比を安定させる複数のバランス抵抗を備え、
前記バランス抵抗が、前記レグ部の前記第1半導体素子、前記第2半導体素子、前記第1半導体スイッチング素子および前記第2半導体スイッチング素子の内、前記第1半導体素子と、前記第2半導体スイッチング素子とにのみ、それぞれ並列に接続された、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記昇圧コンバータは、前記レグ部の各前記半導体素子に分配される印加電圧の比を安定させる複数のバランス抵抗を備え、
前記バランス抵抗が、前記第1半導体素子と前記第2半導体スイッチング素子と前記中間コンデンサとに、それぞれ並列に接続された、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記昇圧コンバータは、前記レグ部の各前記半導体素子に分配される印加電圧の比を安定させる複数のバランス抵抗を備え、
前記バランス抵抗が、前記第1半導体素子と前記第2半導体素子と前記第1半導体スイッチング素子と前記第2半導体スイッチング素子とに、それぞれ並列に接続された、
請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記第1半導体素子と前記第2半導体スイッチング素子とにそれぞれ並列に接続された前記バランス抵抗は、前記第1半導体素子と前記第2半導体スイッチング素子との各印加電圧が均等になるように抵抗値が決定された、
請求項2から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 第3スイッチング素子を有する降圧回路を、前記直流電源部と前記昇圧コンバータとの間に備え、
前記制御部は、
前記保護モードにおいて、前記降圧回路の前記第3スイッチング素子を、オンあるいはオフ状態に固定する、
請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記降圧回路は、第4スイッチング素子を更に備え、
前記第3スイッチング素子は、前記直流電源部と前記リアクトルの第1端との間に直列接続して設けられ、
前記第4スイッチング素子は、前記リアクトルの第2端から出力される電流を前記リアクトルの第1端に戻すように設けられ、
前記制御部は、
前記保護モードにおいて、前記第3スイッチング素子を、オンあるいはオフ状態に固定すると共に、前記第4スイッチング素子をオフ状態に固定する、
請求項6に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記保護モード時において、前記インバータが有するスイッチング素子のスイッチング動作を停止させる、
請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記直流電源部は、
交流電源と、前記交流電源の出力電圧を整流するダイオード整流器とを備えた、
請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記平滑コンデンサの電圧が前記基準電圧値よりも低くなってから、所定の期間を経過した後に、前記保護モードを解除する、
請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の電力変換装置。
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| JP7094469B1 (ja) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-07-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
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| US11233453B2 (en) | 2022-01-25 |
| DE112018006429T5 (de) | 2020-09-17 |
| JP6755415B2 (ja) | 2020-09-16 |
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| DE112018006429B4 (de) | 2025-08-14 |
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