WO2019198415A1 - 浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材 - Google Patents
浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019198415A1 WO2019198415A1 PCT/JP2019/010661 JP2019010661W WO2019198415A1 WO 2019198415 A1 WO2019198415 A1 WO 2019198415A1 JP 2019010661 W JP2019010661 W JP 2019010661W WO 2019198415 A1 WO2019198415 A1 WO 2019198415A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel material
- carburized
- steel
- content
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel material, and more particularly, to a steel material used for parts subjected to carburizing treatment.
- Steel materials used for machine structural parts generally contain a combination of Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni and the like.
- Mechanical structural parts include parts that are carburized.
- Steel materials used for parts subjected to carburizing treatment have the above-described chemical composition and are manufactured by casting, forging, rolling, or the like.
- a part to be carburized is referred to as a “carburized part”.
- Carburized parts are manufactured, for example, by the following method.
- An intermediate product is manufactured by machining such as forging and cutting of steel.
- Carburizing treatment is performed on the intermediate product to produce a carburized component including a carburized layer that is a hardened layer of the surface layer portion and a core portion that is a base material that is not affected by the carburizing treatment.
- Forging methods can be roughly divided into hot forging, warm forging, and cold forging. Warm forging is characterized by less scale generation and improved dimensional accuracy than hot forging. Further, cold forging is characterized in that no scale is generated and dimensional accuracy is close to that of cutting. Therefore, after rough processing by hot forging, finish processing by cold forging, after light warm forging, by light cutting as finishing, or by molding only by cold forging Etc. have been studied.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a carburizing steel that has a lower deformation resistance during cold forging than a conventional steel, a large limit working rate, and, after carburizing treatment, has a hardened layer and a core hardness equivalent to those of a conventional steel. Disclose.
- the carburizing steel described in Patent Document 1 has a chemical composition of mass%, C: 0.07% to 0.13%, Si: 0.0001% to 0.50%, Mn: 0.0001% to 0.80%, S: 0.0001% to 0.100%, Cr: more than 1.30% to 5.00%, B: 0.0005% to 0.0100%, Al: 0.0001% to 1 0.0%, Ti: 0.010% to 0.10%, N: 0.0080% or less, P: 0.050% or less, O: 0.0030% or less, the balance being Fe and
- the content expressed by mass% of each element in the chemical component is inevitable impurities, the following formula 1 as a hardness index, the following formula 2 as a hardenability index, and the following formula as a TiC precipitation amount index 3 is satisfied.
- the carburizing steel of Patent Document 1 has the above-described chemical composition, thereby increasing the limit working rate during cold forging and obtaining a hardened layer and steel part hardness equivalent to those of conventional steel after carburizing treatment.
- a plurality of carburized parts are used for machine structural parts used in automobiles.
- carburized parts are also used for a variable diameter pulley of a continuously variable transmission (CVT).
- CVT continuously variable transmission
- large-sized carburized parts represented by variable diameter pulleys are manufactured by cutting after forging.
- an excessive load is applied to the cold forging machine. Therefore, when forming large carburized parts by cold forging, multiple members are formed by cold forging, then these members are joined by welding such as friction joining or laser joining, and the joined steel members are carburized.
- Methods for producing large carburized parts by processing have been studied.
- the fatigue strength (joint fatigue strength) of the carburized part as a joining material is required.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is that at the stage of steel, the limit working rate during cold forging is larger than that of conventional steel, and even when welding is performed, excellent fatigue strength is obtained after carburizing treatment. It is to provide a steel material for parts to be carburized.
- Steel materials for parts to be carburized according to the present disclosure are: % By mass C: 0.09 to 0.16%, Si: 0.01 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.40 to 0.60%, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.025% or less, Cr: 0.90 to 2.00%, Mo: 0.10 to 0.40%, Al: 0.005 to 0.030%, Ti: 0.010 to less than 0.050%, Nb: 0.010 to 0.030%, N: 0.0080% or less, O: 0.0030% or less, B: 0.0003 to 0.0030%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0050%, Cu: 0 to 0.50%, Ni: 0 to 0.30%, and Balance: Fe and impurities, And has a chemical composition satisfying the formulas (1) to (3), In a cross section parallel to the axial direction of the steel material, Mn is contained at 10.0 mass% or more, S is contained at 10.0 mass% or more, and the equivalent circle diameter is 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less with an equivalent circle diameter
- the steel material according to the present disclosure has a higher limit working rate at the time of cold forging than the conventional steel material at the steel material stage, and is excellent at the stage of carburized parts (carburized parts) even when welding is performed. Fatigue strength is obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining sample collection positions when measuring Mn sulfide and oxide in the present embodiment.
- the present inventors regarding steel materials for parts to be carburized, reduce the deformation resistance of steel before cold forging (reduction in hardness), improve the limit working rate, and carburized parts after carburizing.
- excellent properties for example, effective hardened layer depth and core hardness
- detailed studies were conducted, and the following findings (a) to (g) were obtained.
- alloy elements that improve the hardenability of steel such as Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni, etc. It is necessary to contain the content so as to satisfy the formula (2) of the hardenability index described later.
- (G) In order to further soften the steel material for parts to be carburized, it is preferable to perform slow cooling under the conditions described later after hot rolling or hot forging when manufacturing the steel material. . Thereby, the metal structure of steel materials can be controlled, and steel materials can be made softer. Thereby, the metal structure of the surface layer portion of the steel material is improved, the ductility is improved, and a steel material having a high limit working rate can be obtained.
- the inventor further examined the fatigue strength (bonding fatigue strength) at the stage of carburized parts manufactured by carburizing after welding in the steel material of the present embodiment.
- the fatigue strength at the stage of carburized parts manufactured by carburizing after welding if the following regulations are satisfied for inclusions in the cross section parallel to the axial direction of the steel material (that is, the longitudinal direction of the steel material) It has been found that (joining fatigue strength) is increased.
- Mn is contained in an amount of 10.0% by mass or more
- S is contained in an amount of 10.0% by mass or more
- Mn sulfide having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more is 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- Oxygen is contained in an amount of 10% by mass or more, and an oxide having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more is made 25.0 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- Mn sulfide and oxide are present in the steel.
- Mn sulfide and an oxide are defined as follows.
- inclusions contain 10.0% by mass or more of S, 10.0% or more of Mn, and 10% by mass or more of oxygen.
- inclusions having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more are included in “oxide” instead of “Mn sulfide”.
- a HAZ region exists in the carburized part.
- the HAZ region may have a lower strength than other regions. Therefore, inclusions are reduced as much as possible in order to ensure the strength of the HAZ region.
- the number of Mn sulfides and oxides occupying most of the inclusions in the steel is reduced as much as possible. In this case, the strength of the HAZ region can be secured, and as a result, the fatigue strength of the carburized component can be increased.
- the gist of the steel material for parts to be carburized according to the present embodiment completed based on the above knowledge is as follows.
- the steel material of [2] is the steel material of [1],
- the chemical composition is Cu: 0.005% to 0.50%, and Ni: 0.005% to 0.30%, 1 or more types selected from the group consisting of.
- the steel material according to [1] or [2], The metal structure contains 85% to 100% of ferrite and pearlite in total in area%.
- the steel material according to [1] or [2] contains 85% to 100% of ferrite and spheroidized cementite in total in area%.
- the steel material according to any one of [1] to [4], The steel material is a steel bar.
- Carbon (C) increases the hardenability of the steel material and increases the hardness of the core portion in the carburized component including the carburized layer and the core portion. If the C content is less than 0.09%, the hardness of the core portion of the carburized component is insufficient. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.16%, the cementite fraction and the pearlite fraction of the metal structure of the steel material increase, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases significantly, and the critical processing rate also decreases. To do. Therefore, the C content is 0.09 to 0.16%. In addition, the C content of the conventional steel materials for parts subjected to the carburizing process is about 0.20%.
- the C content is lower than that of conventional steel materials.
- the minimum with preferable C content is 0.10%, More preferably, it is 0.11%.
- the upper limit with preferable C content is 0.15%, More preferably, it is 0.14%.
- Si 0.01 to 0.50%
- Silicon (Si) increases the temper softening resistance of the carburized part and increases the fatigue strength of the carburized part. If the Si content is less than 0.01%, the above effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 0.50%, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases and the critical processing rate decreases. Therefore, the Si content is 0.01 to 0.50%.
- the preferable lower limit of the Si content is 0.015%, and more preferably 0.02%.
- the preferable upper limit of the Si content is 0.48%, more preferably 0.46%.
- Mn 0.40 to 0.60%
- Manganese (Mn) increases the hardenability of the steel and increases the strength of the core of the carburized part. If the Mn content is less than 0.40%, this effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Mn content exceeds 0.60%, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases and the critical processing rate decreases. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.40 to 0.60%.
- the minimum with preferable Mn content is 0.42%, More preferably, it is 0.44%.
- the upper limit with preferable Mn content is 0.58%, More preferably, it is 0.56%.
- Phosphorus (P) is an unavoidable impurity. That is, the P content is more than 0%. P segregates at the austenite grain boundaries, embrittles the prior austenite grain boundaries, and causes grain boundary cracking. Therefore, the P content is 0.030% or less.
- the upper limit with preferable P content is 0.026%, More preferably, it is 0.024%.
- the P content is preferably as low as possible. However, if the P content is reduced to the utmost limit, productivity is lowered and manufacturing costs are increased. Therefore, in a normal operation, the preferable lower limit of the P content is 0.0001%.
- S 0.025% or less Sulfur (S) is unavoidably contained. That is, the S content is more than 0%. S combines with Mn to form MnS and enhances the machinability of the steel material. This effect is obtained if the S content exceeds 0%. On the other hand, if the S content exceeds 0.025%, coarse MnS is generated, cracking is likely to occur during forging, and the critical compression ratio decreases. Accordingly, the S content is 0.025% or less. The upper limit with preferable S content is 0.022%, More preferably, it is 0.020%. When raising machinability more effectively, the minimum with preferable S content is 0.0001%, More preferably, it is 0.003%.
- Chromium (Cr) increases the hardenability of the steel material and increases the strength of the core of the carburized part. If the Cr content is less than 0.90%, this effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 2.00%, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases and the critical working rate decreases. Therefore, the Cr content is 0.90 to 2.00%.
- the minimum with preferable Cr content is 0.95%, More preferably, it is 1.00%.
- the upper limit with preferable Cr content is 1.95%, More preferably, it is 1.92%.
- Mo 0.10 to 0.40% Molybdenum (Mo) increases the hardenability of the steel material and increases the strength of the core of the carburized component. If the Mo content is less than 0.10%, this effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Mo content exceeds 0.40%, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases and the critical working rate decreases. Therefore, the Mo content is 0.10 to 0.40%.
- the minimum with preferable Mo content is 0.11%, More preferably, it is 0.12%.
- the upper limit with preferable Mo content is 0.38%, More preferably, it is 0.36%.
- Al 0.005 to 0.030%
- Aluminum (Al) is an element that forms AlN when solid solution N is present in the steel.
- N in the steel is fixed as TiN by addition of Ti, there is almost no solid solution N in the steel.
- Al does not form AlN and exists as solid solution Al in the steel.
- Al existing in a solid solution state has an effect of improving the machinability of steel.
- the Al content is preferably 0.005% or more.
- the Al content exceeds 0.030%, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases, the deformation resistance increases, and the critical processing rate decreases. Therefore, the Al content is 0.005 to 0.030%.
- a preferable lower limit of Al is 0.010%.
- a preferable upper limit of Al is 0.020%.
- Titanium (Ti) fixes N in the steel as TiN and suppresses the formation of BN. Thereby, Ti secures the amount of solute B and improves the hardenability of the steel material. Ti further forms Ti carbide to suppress the coarsening of crystal grains during the carburizing process. If the Ti content is less than 0.010%, this effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Ti content is 0.050% or more, the precipitation amount of Ti carbide is excessively increased, and the critical processing rate of the steel material before forging is lowered. Therefore, the Ti content is 0.010 to less than 0.050%. The minimum with preferable Ti content is 0.012%, More preferably, it is 0.014%. The upper limit with preferable Ti content is 0.048%, More preferably, it is 0.046%.
- Nb 0.010 to 0.030%
- Nb niobium
- Nb carbonitride suppresses the coarsening of crystal grains due to the pinning effect. If the Nb content is less than 0.010%, this effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Nb content exceeds 0.030%, the effect is saturated. Therefore, the Nb content is 0.010 to 0.030%.
- the minimum with preferable Nb content is 0.011%, More preferably, it is 0.012%.
- the upper limit with preferable Nb content is 0.029%, More preferably, it is 0.028%, More preferably, it is 0.027%.
- N 0.0080% or less Nitrogen (N) is an unavoidable impurity. That is, the N content in the steel material is more than 0%. N combines with B to form BN, reducing the amount of solid solution B. In this case, the hardenability of the steel material decreases. If the N content exceeds 0.0080%, even if Ti is contained, N in the steel cannot be fixed as TiN, and it becomes difficult to secure solid solution B that contributes to hardenability. . Furthermore, coarse TiN is formed. Coarse TiN becomes a starting point of cracking during forging, and lowers the critical processing rate of the steel material before forging. Therefore, the N content is 0.0080% or less.
- the upper limit with preferable N content is 0.0078%, More preferably, it is 0.0076%.
- a lower N content is preferred. However, if the N content is reduced to the utmost limit, productivity is lowered and manufacturing costs are increased. Therefore, in a normal operation, the preferable lower limit of the N content is 0.0020%.
- Oxygen (O) is an unavoidable impurity. That is, the O content in the steel material is more than 0%. O forms an oxide and lowers the bondability when an intermediate product before carburizing is manufactured by welding. In this case, the fatigue strength decreases. Therefore, the O content is 0.0030% or less.
- the upper limit with preferable O content is 0.0029%, More preferably, it is 0.0028%. A lower O content is preferred. However, if the O content is reduced to the utmost limit, productivity is lowered and manufacturing costs are increased. Therefore, in a normal operation, the preferable lower limit of the O content is 0.0010%.
- B 0.0003 to 0.0030% Boron (B) increases the hardenability of the steel material and increases the strength of the carburized component. This effect is obtained if the B content is 0.0003% or more. On the other hand, if the B content exceeds 0.0030%, the above effect is saturated. Therefore, the B content is 0.0003 to 0.0030%.
- the minimum with preferable B content is 0.0004%, More preferably, it is 0.0005%.
- the upper limit with preferable B content is 0.0028%, More preferably, it is 0.0026%.
- Ca 0.0005 to 0.0050% Calcium (Ca) is contained in Mn sulfide and oxide and spheroidizes these inclusions. Furthermore, these inclusions are refined
- the minimum with preferable Ca content is 0.0006%, More preferably, it is 0.0007%.
- the upper limit with preferable Ca content is 0.0048%, More preferably, it is 0.0046%.
- Fe and impurities The remainder of the chemical composition of the steel material for parts subjected to the carburizing process of the present embodiment is composed of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities are those that are mixed from ore, scrap, or production environment as raw materials when industrially producing steel materials, and are not intentionally contained in steel. means.
- impurities examples include all elements other than the above-mentioned impurities. Only one type of impurity may be used, or two or more types of impurities may be used. Impurities other than those described above are, for example, Sb, Sn, W, Co, As, Pb, Bi, H, and the like. These elements may have the following contents as impurities, for example. Sb: 0.0005% or less, Sn: 0.0005% or less, W: 0.0005% or less, Co: 0.0005% or less, As: 0.0005% or less, Pb: 0.0005% or less, Bi: 0.0005% or less, H: 0.0005% or less.
- the chemical composition of the steel material for parts subjected to the carburizing process of the present embodiment may include one or more selected from the group consisting of Cu and Ni instead of part of Fe.
- Cu 0 to 0.50% Copper (Cu) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Cu content may be 0%. When the Cu content exceeds 0%, Cu increases the hardenability of the steel material and increases the strength of the carburized component. Cu is an element that does not form oxides or nitrides in a gas carburizing gas atmosphere. Therefore, when Cu is contained, it becomes difficult to form an oxide layer or a nitride layer on the surface of the carburized layer or a carburized abnormal layer due to them. However, if the Cu content is too high, the ductility at a high temperature range of 1000 ° C. or higher is lowered, which causes a decrease in yield during continuous casting and rolling.
- the Cu content is 0 to 0.50%.
- the minimum with preferable Cu content is 0.005%, More preferably, it is 0.05%.
- the upper limit with preferable Cu content is 0.45%, More preferably, it is 0.40%.
- Nickel (Ni) is an optional element and may not be contained. That is, the Ni content may be 0%. When the Ni content exceeds 0%, Ni increases the hardenability of the steel material and increases the strength of the carburized component. However, if the Ni content is too high, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases and the limit working rate decreases. Therefore, the Ni content is 0 to 0.30%.
- the minimum with preferable Ni content is 0.005%, More preferably, it is 0.05%.
- the upper limit with preferable Ni content is 0.28%, More preferably, it is 0.25%.
- F1 C + 0.194 ⁇ Si + 0.065 ⁇ Mn + 0.012 ⁇ Cr + 0.033 ⁇ Mo + 0.067 ⁇ Ni + 0.097 ⁇ Cu + 0.078 ⁇ Al.
- F1 is an index of the hardness of the steel material.
- the ferrite fraction is significantly increased in the structure of the steel material before forging as compared with the conventional steel material for parts subjected to carburizing treatment (C content is about 0.20%).
- the hardness of the steel material is greatly influenced not only by the C content (perlite fraction) but also by the hardness of the ferrite.
- the inventors have studied the contribution of each alloy element to the solid solution strengthening amount of ferrite and defined F1.
- F1 is 0.235 or more, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases and the critical working rate decreases. On the other hand, if F1 is 0.140 or less, the hardness as a carburized component is insufficient. Therefore, F1 is more than 0.140 and less than 0.235.
- F1 is preferably as low as possible within a range that satisfies the hardenability index (F2) described later.
- the upper limit with preferable F1 is less than 0.230, More preferably, it is 0.220, More preferably, it is 0.210.
- the F1 value is a value obtained by rounding off the 4th decimal place of the calculated value.
- B is effective in enhancing the hardenability of the core part of the carburized part.
- the effect of improving the hardenability by containing B is low in the carburized layer which is the surface layer portion of the carburized component. This is because nitrogen enters the surface layer portion of the carburized part from the atmosphere during carburizing treatment, so that solid solution B is precipitated as BN, and the amount of solid solution B that contributes to improving hardenability is insufficient. Therefore, in order to ensure hardenability in the carburized layer which is the surface layer part of the carburized component, it is necessary to utilize an element that enhances the hardenability of the steel other than B.
- F2 is composed of hardenability improving elements.
- F2 is 13.0 or less, the hardness of the carburized layer and the effective hardened layer depth are equal to or higher than those of the conventional steel (the C content is about 0.20%) under the same carburizing conditions. (Depth at which the Vickers hardness becomes HV550 or more) cannot be obtained.
- F2 is 45.0 or more, the hardness of the steel material before forging increases, and the limit working rate decreases. Therefore, F2 is more than 13.0 and less than 45.0.
- F2 is preferably as large as possible within a range that satisfies the hardness index F1.
- the minimum with preferable F2 is 13.2, More preferably, it is 15.0.
- the F2 value is a value obtained by rounding off the second decimal place of the calculated value.
- F3 Ti ⁇ N ⁇ (48/14).
- F3 is an index related to the TiC precipitation amount.
- all N is fixed in the form of TiN. That is, F3 means an excessive amount of Ti other than that consumed to form TiN.
- “14” in F3 represents the atomic weight of N
- “48” represents the atomic weight of Ti.
- F3 Most of the amount of Ti defined by F3 is combined with C during the carburizing process to become TiC. This TiC has a pinning effect that prevents coarsening of crystal grains during carburization. If F3 is 0.004 or less, the amount of TiC deposited is insufficient. In this case, the coarsening of crystal grains during the carburizing process cannot be suppressed. On the other hand, if F3 is 0.030 or more, the precipitation amount of TiC is excessively increased, the hardness of the steel material before forging is increased, and the critical processing rate is decreased. Therefore, F3 is more than 0.004 and less than 0.030. A preferred lower limit of F3 is 0.008. A preferable upper limit of F3 is 0.028. The F3 value is a value obtained by rounding off the fourth decimal place of the calculated value.
- the steel material When the chemical composition satisfies the hardness index F1, the hardenability index F2, and the TiC precipitation amount index F3 at the same time, the steel material has a lower deformation resistance during cold forging than the conventional steel, and the limit processing rate is low. growing. And after the carburizing process of this steel material, the carburized component which has the hardened layer and core part hardness equivalent to conventional steel can be obtained.
- the metal structure of the steel material having the above-described chemical composition preferably contains 85% to 100% of ferrite and pearlite in total in area%.
- the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite in the metal structure is 85 to 100%, the hardness of the steel material is further lowered, the deformation resistance is lowered, and the limit working rate is improved. More preferably, the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite is 95 to 100%.
- the balance other than ferrite and pearlite includes bainite, martensite, cementite, and the like, which are harder than ferrite and pearlite. In order to obtain the above-mentioned effect by ferrite and pearlite, it is preferable that the remaining fractions of bainite, martensite, cementite, etc. are made 15% or less in area%.
- the temperature range in which the surface temperature of the hot-worked steel after the hot-working process during the production of the steel is 800 ° C. to 500 ° C. is over 0 ° C./s and over 1 ° C./s It is preferable to perform a slow cooling step of slow cooling at the following cooling rate. Details of the manufacturing method will be described later.
- the steel material composed of the above-described chemical components may contain 85 to 100% in total of ferrite and spheroidized cementite in area%.
- the spheroidized cementite is a spheroidized cementite when the area of the cementite is 54% or more with respect to a circle whose diameter is the maximum length of cementite on the metal structure observation surface.
- the total area ratio of ferrite and spheroidized cementite is 85 to 100%, the hardness of the steel material is further reduced, the deformation resistance is lowered, and the limit working rate is improved. More preferably, the total area ratio of ferrite and spheroidized cementite is 90 to 100%.
- the balance of ferrite and spheroidized cementite includes pearlite, martensite, bainite, tempered martensite, tempered bainite, cementite, and the like.
- the fraction of pearlite, martensite, bainite, tempered martensite, tempered bainite, cementite, etc., which is the balance, should be 15% or less in area%. Is preferred.
- the Mn sulfide and oxide in the steel satisfy the following conditions in a cross section parallel to the axial direction of the steel material (that is, the longitudinal direction of the steel material).
- Mn is contained in an amount of 10.0% by mass or more
- S is contained in an amount of 10.0% by mass or more
- Mn sulfide having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more is 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- Oxygen is contained in an amount of 10% by mass or more, and an oxide having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more is made 25.0 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- Mn sulfide and an oxide are defined as follows.
- Mn sulfide Inclusions containing 10.0% by mass or more of Mn, 10.0% by mass or more of S, and equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more
- Oxide containing 10% by mass or more of oxygen
- inclusions having an equivalent diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more contain 10.0% by mass or more of S, 10.0% or more of Mn, and 10% by mass or more of oxygen.
- inclusions having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more are included in “oxide” instead of “Mn sulfide”.
- HAZ is included in the carburized parts.
- An area exists.
- the HAZ region may have a lower strength than other regions. In order to secure the strength of the HAZ region, inclusions are reduced as much as possible. If Mn sulfide and oxide satisfy the above (A) and (B), the strength of the HAZ region can be ensured, and as a result, the fatigue strength of the carburized parts integrated by bonding can be increased.
- the number of Mn sulfides and the number of oxides in steel can be measured by the following method.
- a sample is taken from the steel for the part to be carburized.
- the steel material is a steel bar, as shown in FIG. 1, a sample is taken from the R / 2 position (R is the radius of the steel bar) in the radial direction from the central axis C1 of the steel bar.
- the size of the observation surface of the sample is L1 ⁇ L2, where L1 is 10 mm and L2 is 5 mm.
- the sample thickness L3, which is the direction perpendicular to the observation surface is set to 5 mm.
- the normal line N of the observation surface is perpendicular to the central axis C1 (that is, the observation surface is parallel to the axial direction of the steel material), and the R / 2 position corresponds to the center position of the observation surface.
- the observation surface of the collected sample is mirror-polished, and 20 visual fields (evaluation area per visual field: 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m) are randomly observed at a magnification of 1000 times using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Mn sulfide and oxide are identified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the inclusion is Mn sulfide.
- Ti and Ca may also be detected as elements other than Mn and S. In this case as well, all the above conditions are defined as Mn sulfide.
- the inclusion is defined as an oxide.
- inclusions defined as oxides Al, Si, Mg, Ca, Ti, and the like may be detected. Also in this case, if the above conditions are satisfied, it is identified as an oxide. Of the inclusions, inclusions containing 10.0 mass% or more of S, 10.0 mass% or more of Mn, and 10 mass% or more of O are not "Mn sulfide" Identified as "oxide”.
- inclusions to be identified are inclusions having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the equivalent circle diameter means the diameter of a circle when the area of each inclusion is converted into a circle having the same area.
- the inclusion equivalent to the equivalent circle diameter is more than twice the beam diameter of EDX, the accuracy of elemental analysis will increase.
- the beam diameter of EDX used for specifying the inclusion is 0.2 ⁇ m.
- inclusions having an equivalent circle diameter of less than 0.5 ⁇ m cannot improve the accuracy of elemental analysis by EDX.
- Inclusions having a circle-equivalent diameter of less than 0.5 ⁇ m have a very small effect on strength. Therefore, in this embodiment, Mn sulfides and oxides having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more are measured.
- the upper limit of the equivalent circle diameter of the inclusion is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 100 ⁇ m.
- the number of Mn sulfides per unit area (pieces / mm 2 ) is obtained. Further, the number of oxides per unit area (pieces / mm 2 ) is obtained based on the total number of oxides specified in each field of view and the total area of 20 fields of view.
- the carburized component according to the present embodiment includes a carburized layer and a core part inside the carburized layer.
- the carburized layer has an effective hardened layer depth of more than 0.4 mm and less than 2.0 mm.
- the carburized layer means a depth from the surface where the Vickers hardness is HV550 or more.
- the metal structure at a depth of 50 ⁇ m from the surface is preferably area%, contains 90 to 100% martensite, and has a Vickers hardness of HV650 to HV1000.
- it is preferable that the metal structure at a depth of 0.4 mm from the surface is area%, contains martensite 90 to 100%, and has a Vickers hardness of HV550 to HV900. .
- the wear resistance and fatigue strength are further increased. More preferably, the metal structure in the carburized layer at a depth of 50 ⁇ m from the surface contains 95 to 100% martensite, and the Vickers hardness is HV700 to HV1000.
- the metal structure in the carburized layer at a depth of 0.4 mm from the surface contains 90 to 100% martensite and the Vickers hardness is HV550 to HV900, the surface fatigue strength and the fatigue strength are further increased. Rise. More preferably, the metal structure in the carburized layer at a depth of 0.4 mm from the surface contains 92 to 100% martensite, and the Vickers hardness is HV560 to HV900.
- the Vickers hardness at a position of a depth of 2.0 mm from the surface is HV250 to HV500.
- the chemical component at this position needs to be composed of the above-described chemical component. More preferably, the Vickers hardness is HV270 to HV450. It is preferable that the metal structure at the core portion at a depth of 2.0 mm from the surface contains at least one of martensite and bainite because the above effect can be further obtained.
- the above-described metal structure can be observed with an optical microscope after performing nital corrosion or picral corrosion.
- the sample subjected to the spheroidizing heat treatment is preferably subjected to picral corrosion.
- the fraction of ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, tempered martensite, tempered bainite, cementite, etc. can be determined by image analysis. Further, the number of spheroidized cementite, the number of cementite, and the maximum length of cementite can be obtained by mirror-polishing the observation surface, performing EBSD mapping without performing corrosion treatment, identifying cementite, and analyzing the image.
- the observation surface is not particularly limited, but a cut surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction may be used as the observation surface.
- ferrite, pearlite, martensite, bainite, tempered martensite, tempered bainite, spheroidized cementite, and cementite are considered.
- the calculation of the area fraction does not include nitrides and carbides such as BN, TiC, TiN, and AlN, other fine precipitates, inclusions, and retained austenite.
- the above-mentioned measurement of the Vickers hardness is preferably carried out by measuring a total of 10 times for one sample using a micro Vickers measuring machine with a load of 0.49 N, and calculating the arithmetic mean value.
- the measurement surface is not particularly limited, but a cut surface orthogonal to the axial direction (longitudinal direction) may be used as the measurement surface.
- the steel making process includes a refining process, a heating and holding process, a final component adjusting process, and a casting process.
- refining process In the refining process, first, refining in the converter (primary refining) is performed on the hot metal produced by a known method. Secondary refining is performed on the molten steel produced from the converter. In secondary refining, an alloy element is added to molten steel to produce molten steel that satisfies the above chemical composition.
- deoxidation treatment is performed by adding Al to the molten steel discharged from the converter.
- the removal treatment is performed.
- secondary refining is performed.
- composite refining is performed.
- LF Laddle Furnace
- VAD Vauum Arc Degassing
- RH Rasterstahl-Hausen vacuum degassing
- final adjustment of other alloy components excluding Si and Ca is performed.
- the next treatment (heating and holding step and final component adjusting step) is performed on the molten steel.
- V g gas flow rate (Nm 3 / min)
- M l molten steel mass (ton) in the ladle
- T l molten steel temperature (K)
- h 0 gas blowing depth (m)
- P 0 Molten steel surface pressure (Pa)
- ⁇ stirring power value (W / ton)
- ⁇ uniform mixing time (s).
- the holding time ts is less than 2.0 times the uniform mixing time ⁇
- the oxide present in the molten steel in the ladle cannot be sufficiently aggregated and coalesced. Therefore, the oxide cannot be levitated and removed, and the number of oxides increases.
- Mg or the like mixed from the slag is combined with S in the molten steel to form MgS or the like, and MgS is dispersed in the molten steel. .
- the dispersed MgS becomes a MnS precipitation site. As a result, the number of Mn sulfides increases.
- the holding time ts is 2.0 times or more of the uniform mixing time ⁇ , the number of oxides in the steel can be suppressed. Furthermore, since MgS once formed becomes MgO by reoxidation, the number of MnS precipitation sites is reduced, and as a result, the number of Mn sulfides in the steel can be suppressed. As a result, after the final component adjustment step of the next step, Mn sulfide is 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less and oxide is 25.0 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- Si and Ca are added to the molten steel after the heating and holding step to produce a molten steel that satisfies the above chemical composition and formulas (1) to (3).
- Si and Ca may be added to the molten steel as independent raw materials.
- a Si—Ca alloy may be used as a raw material and added to the molten steel.
- the oxide is modified from Al 2 O 3 to composite inclusions containing SiO 2 and CaO, and Mn sulfide is also Ca. It is reformed to sulfide containing. Therefore, on the precondition that the holding time ts is twice or more the uniform mixing time ⁇ , the Mn sulfide is 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less and the oxide is 25.0 pieces / mm 2 or less. become.
- Si is added before adding Al to the molten steel, deoxidation is not sufficiently performed, and as a result, the number of oxides exceeds 25.0 / mm 2 .
- the Mn sulfide becomes 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less and the oxide becomes 25.0 pieces / mm 2 or less. Therefore, in this embodiment, Al is added to molten steel, and then Si and Ca are added.
- the order of addition of Si and Ca is not particularly limited. Si and Ca may be added simultaneously. Either Si or Ca may be added first.
- a raw material (slab or ingot) is manufactured using the molten steel manufactured by the refining process. Specifically, a slab is manufactured by continuous casting using molten steel. Or it is good also as an ingot by an ingot-making method using molten steel. Moreover, you may implement lump rolling etc. with respect to the slab or ingot after a casting process as needed.
- the steel material of this embodiment which has an above-described metal structure can be manufactured by selecting the following manufacturing method using this slab or ingot.
- the following manufacturing method is preferably performed.
- Hot working process As the hot working process, the slab after the casting process is subjected to hot rolling, hot forging, etc. to obtain a hot worked steel material.
- Hot rolling is, for example, partial rolling, finish rolling using a continuous rolling mill having a plurality of rolling stands arranged in a row, or the like. Split rolling may be performed as necessary.
- Plastic processing conditions such as processing temperature, processing rate, and strain rate in the hot processing step are not particularly limited, and appropriate conditions may be selected as appropriate.
- the heating temperature in the hot working process is a known heating temperature, for example, 1100 to 1300 ° C.
- the cooling rate at 800 ° C. to 500 ° C. which is the temperature for transformation from austenite to ferrite and pearlite
- the structural fraction of bainite and martensite increases.
- the hardness of the steel material increases, the deformation resistance increases, and the critical processing rate decreases. Therefore, it is preferable to limit the cooling rate in the above temperature range to more than 0 to 1.00 ° C./second. More preferably, it is more than 0 to 0.70 ° C./second.
- a heat insulating cover, a heat insulating cover with a heat source, or a holding furnace is installed after the rolling line or hot forging line. do it.
- the following production method is preferably performed.
- a spheroidizing heat treatment step may be further performed on the hot-worked steel material subjected to the slow cooling.
- the steel material of this embodiment can be manufactured by performing spheroidizing heat treatment.
- the following heat treatment may be performed.
- the hot-worked steel material subjected to the above slow cooling is heated to a temperature just below or just above Ac 1 point (temperature at which austenite begins to be generated during heating), and then slowly cooled.
- the annealed hot-worked steel material is heated to a temperature just above the Ac 1 point, and cooled to a temperature just below the Ar 1 point (the temperature at which austenite completes transformation to ferrite, ferrite, or cementite during cooling). Repeat the process several times.
- the hot-worked steel material subjected to the above slow cooling is quenched once and then tempered at a temperature range of 600 to 700 ° C. for 3 to 100 hours.
- the method of spheroidization heat processing should just apply the conventionally well-known annealing or spheroidization heat processing method as mentioned above, and is not specifically limited.
- the steel material that has been subjected to the spheroidizing heat treatment step can increase the critical working rate even if the hardness is high.
- the steel material of this embodiment can be manufactured by the above manufacturing process.
- the steel material of this embodiment is a steel bar, for example.
- the present manufacturing method includes a cold working process for producing a plurality of intermediate members by performing cold working on the steel material of the above-described embodiment, and welding the plurality of produced intermediate members to an integrated product.
- Cold working process As a cold working process, the steel material produced by the above-described production method is subjected to cold plastic working to give a shape to produce a plurality of intermediate members.
- the plastic working conditions such as the processing rate and strain rate in the cold working process are not particularly limited, and suitable conditions may be selected as appropriate.
- the cold working is, for example, cold forging.
- the plurality of intermediate members are welded and integrated in the next welding process.
- the above-described plurality of intermediate members are welded to form an integral product by friction bonding or laser bonding.
- the welding method is not particularly limited.
- the joining surface of the intermediate member may be formed flat by machining.
- Mn sulfide is 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less and oxide is 25.0 pieces / mm 2 or less. Therefore, it is excellent in bondability and is excellent in the joint fatigue strength of carburized parts.
- Carburization process A carburizing process or a carbonitriding process is performed as a carburizing process with respect to the intermediate member integrally joined by the welding process.
- the conditions of carburizing or carbonitriding are as follows: temperature is 830 to 1100 ° C., carbon potential is 0.5 to 1.2%, and carburizing time is 1 hour. The above is preferable.
- a carburized part is obtained by performing a quenching process or a quenching / tempering process.
- the temperature of the quenching medium is room temperature to 250 ° C. as a condition for quenching treatment or quenching / tempering treatment.
- an annealing step may be further performed on the steel material before the cold working step.
- the annealing conditions are not particularly limited, and known annealing conditions may be selected as appropriate.
- a cutting step may be further performed on the steel material after the cold working step and before the carburizing step.
- a cutting process is performed in the cutting process to give a shape to the steel material. By performing the cutting process, it is possible to impart a precise shape to the steel material, which is difficult only by cold plastic working.
- a shot peening process may be further performed on the carburized parts after the finish heat treatment process.
- compressive residual stress is introduced into the carburized component surface layer. Since the compressive residual stress suppresses the occurrence and progress of fatigue cracks, the tooth base and tooth surface fatigue strength of the carburized component can be further improved.
- the shot peening treatment is desirably performed using shot grains having a diameter of 0.7 mm or less and an arc height of 0.4 mm or more.
- the effects of one embodiment of the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
- the conditions in the examples are one example of conditions used to confirm the feasibility and effects of the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to this one condition example.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- a molten steel having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was prepared. At this time, refining was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2. The molten steel after refining was cast by continuous casting to obtain a slab.
- Step making conditions (2) indicates the order of addition of Al, Si, and Ca.
- “1” means that after adding and deoxidizing Al, Si and Ca were added.
- “2” means that after adding Si, Al and Ca were added.
- the manufactured slab was heated, it was subjected to ingot rolling to obtain a steel material having a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of 162 mm ⁇ 162 mm.
- hot rolling was performed by a continuous rolling mill to obtain a round bar-like hot-worked steel material having a circular cut surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and a diameter of the cut surface of 35 mm.
- This hot-worked steel was slowly cooled using a heat retaining cover or a heat retaining cover with a heat source as needed after the rolling line as a slow cooling step.
- Table 2 shows the average cooling rate (° C./second) at 800 ° C. to 500 ° C. during slow cooling. For each test number, a plurality of hot-worked steel materials after slow cooling were prepared.
- spheroidizing heat treatment was performed as a spheroidizing heat treatment step (SA step: Spheroidizing Annealing) on some of the hot-worked steel materials prepared.
- SA step Spheroidizing Annealing
- the hot-worked steel material was heated to 740 ° C. Thereafter, the steel material was gradually cooled at a cooling rate of 8 ° C./hr until the steel material temperature reached 650 ° C. The steel material was air cooled from 650 ° C. to room temperature.
- the steel material was manufactured with the above manufacturing method.
- a metal structure observation test piece was collected from a position of a diameter 1/4 of the cut surface from the peripheral surface of the rod-shaped steel material. Further, a critical compression ratio measurement specimen (6 mm ⁇ ⁇ 9 mm, notch shape: 30 degrees, depth 0.8 mm, radius of curvature of the tip portion 0.15 mm) was collected so that the longitudinal direction of the steel material was the compression direction. .
- a specimen for metallographic observation was collected from a steel material that had been subjected to the slow cooling process and not subjected to the SA process, and was further collected from the steel material that had undergone the SA process.
- the critical compression ratio measurement specimen was collected from a steel material that had been subjected to the slow cooling process and that had not been subjected to the SA process (as it was cooled), and was further collected from the steel material after the SA process (SA material).
- SA material steel material after the SA process
- Metal structure observation test A metal structure observation test was performed using the above-described metal structure observation test piece (slowly cooled test piece, post-SA test piece). Specifically, the test piece and the post-SA test piece were mirror-polished with slow cooling. The surface (observation surface) of the test piece that had been mirror-polished was cooled for 5 to 10 seconds with a nital corrosive solution (2% nitric acid alcohol). Further, the surface (observation surface) of the mirror-polished post-SA test piece was etched with a Picral corrosive solution (5% picric acid alcohol) for 10 to 20 seconds. Picric acid is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.
- the observation surface after etching was observed with an optical microscope to generate a photographic image.
- a photographic image 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m per field of view, 20 fields of view observed
- Table 2 shows the total area ratio (%) of the ferrite and pearlite obtained with the test piece while gradually cooling, and the total area ratio (%) of the ferrite and spheroidized cementite obtained with the post-SA test piece.
- the remainder of the structure other than the above was pearlite, martensite, bainite, tempered martensite, tempered bainite, cementite, or the like.
- the observation surface of the collected sample was mirror-polished and 20 fields of view (evaluation area per field of view 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m) were randomly observed at a magnification of 1000 times using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) 20 fields of view, 20 fields of view with SA material).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Mn sulfide and oxide were identified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Specifically, in the elemental analysis result of the specified inclusion, when the Mn content is 10.0% or more and the S content is 10.0% or more, the inclusion is recognized as Mn sulfide. did. Moreover, in the elemental analysis result of the specified inclusion, when the O content was 10% or more, the inclusion was recognized as an oxide. Inclusions to be specified were inclusions having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more. The beam diameter of EDX used for specifying the inclusions was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- Mn sulfides and oxides having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or more in each of the slowly cooled material and SA material were measured. Based on the total number of Mn sulfides identified in each field of view and the total area of 20 fields of view, the number of Mn sulfides per unit area (pieces / mm 2 ) was determined. The number of oxides per unit area (pieces / mm 2 ) was determined based on the total number of oxides identified in each field of view and the total area of 20 fields of view.
- Table 2 shows the number of Mn sulfides (pieces / mm 2 ) in the material with slow cooling and the number of oxides (pieces / mm 2 ) in the material with slow cooling.
- the number of Mn sulfides in the SA material was the same as the number of Mn sulfides in the material as it was slowly cooled
- the number of oxides in the SA material was the same as the number of oxides in the material as it was slowly cooled. It was.
- Test specimens for carburization (20 mm ⁇ ⁇ 30 mm) from the position of the diameter 1/4 depth of the cut surface from the peripheral surface of the steel material of the as-cooled material of each test number so that the longitudinal direction becomes the compression direction. Collected.
- This carburized test piece was subjected to upset compression with a compression ratio of 50% in the cold as a cold working step.
- the conditions for upsetting compression were room temperature, use of constraining dies, and strain rate of 1 / second.
- the carburizing test piece after upset compression was subjected to gas carburizing by a shift furnace gas method as a carburizing process. This gas carburization was carried out at 950 ° C.
- the Vickers hardness HV at 10 positions of 0.4 ⁇ m depth was measured, and the arithmetic average value thereof was defined as the Vickers hardness HV at the 0.4 ⁇ m depth position. If the hardness at a position 50 ⁇ m deep from the surface is HV650 to HV1000, or if the hardness at a position 0.4 mm deep from the surface is HV550 to HV900, the hardness is sufficient and judged as acceptable. did. Table 3 shows the measurement results.
- the martensite fraction (area ratio (%)) in the observation field was calculated by image analysis.
- the remainder other than the above was ferrite, pearlite, bainite, tempered martensite, tempered bainite, spheroidized cementite, or cementite.
- the Vickers hardness and chemical composition of the core part of the above carburized parts were measured by the following methods.
- the Vickers hardness at a depth of 2 mm from the surface was determined by a Vickers hardness test in accordance with JIS Z 2244 (2009) using a Vickers hardness meter.
- the load during the test was 49N.
- the measurement was performed 10 times at a 2 mm depth position, and the arithmetic average value was defined as the Vickers hardness (HV) at a 2 mm depth position from the surface.
- the obtained Vickers hardness is shown in Table 2. When the Vickers hardness was HV250 to HV500, the hardness was sufficient and it was determined to be acceptable. Table 3 shows the measurement results.
- a round bar having a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm was produced by machining a round bar having a diameter of 35 mm, which was a steel material of each test number (slowly cooled material, SA material). Using this round bar, a basic fatigue test piece and a joint fatigue test piece were prepared.
- the basic fatigue test piece was prepared by the following method.
- An Ono type rotating bending fatigue test piece having an evaluation part diameter of 8 mm and a parallel part length of 15.0 mm was prepared from the center of the cross section of a round bar having a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm. This test piece was used as a basic fatigue test piece.
- the joint fatigue test piece was produced by the following method. A round bar having a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 150 mm between the same specimen numbers was abutted, and a joined round bar was created under the following friction welding conditions.
- Friction welding conditions Friction pressure: 100 MPa, friction time: 5 sec, Upset pressure (pressure applied from both ends of the round bar to the joint): 200 MPa, Upset time (pressurization time to the joint): 5 sec, Rotational speed: 2000rpm, Throw away: 5-12mm
- An Ono-type rotary bending fatigue test piece having an evaluation part diameter of 8 mm and a parallel part length of 15.0 mm was prepared from the center of the cross section of the bonded round bar, and used as a pressure contact fatigue test piece.
- the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the parallel portion was used as the joint surface.
- the basic carburization test piece and the joint fatigue test piece were subjected to the following carburizing and quenching treatment to obtain carburized parts (carburized parts using slowly cooled materials, carburized parts using SA materials).
- carburizing and quenching treatment gas carburizing was carried out by the shift furnace gas method. Specifically, the carbon potential was set to 0.8% and held at 950 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the same carbon potential was maintained at 850 ° C. for 0.5 hour. Then, it immersed in 130 degreeC oil and implemented oil quenching. After oil quenching, tempering was performed at 150 ° C. for 90 minutes.
- An Ono-type rotating bending fatigue test was performed on the fabricated basic fatigue test pieces and joint fatigue test pieces. Specifically, using the above Ono type rotating bending fatigue test pieces (basic fatigue test piece, joint fatigue test piece), the Ono type rotation in accordance with JIS Z 2274 (1978) at room temperature and in the atmosphere. A bending fatigue test was performed. The rotation speed was 3000 rpm, the stress ratio R was ⁇ 1, and the maximum stress that did not break after 1 ⁇ 10 7 cycles of stress loading was defined as fatigue strength (MPa).
- the obtained fatigue strength ratio is shown in Table 3. If the fatigue strength ratio was 85% or more, it was judged that excellent fatigue strength was obtained even after joining.
- Test results The test results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Referring to Tables 2 and 3, the chemical compositions of Test No. 1 to Test No. 11 were appropriate, and the formulas (1) to (3) were satisfied. Furthermore, the steelmaking conditions were also appropriate. Further, the cooling rate in the slow cooling process was also appropriate. Furthermore, a spheronization treatment was also appropriate. Therefore, the number of Mn sulfides in the material and SA material with slow cooling was 70.0 pieces / mm 2 or less, and the number of oxides was 25.0 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite was 85 to 100% in the material while gradually cooled, and the total area ratio of ferrite and spheroidized cementite was 85 to 100% in the SA material.
- the critical compression ratio was 68% or more for both the as-cooled material and the SA material, indicating an excellent critical compression ratio.
- the Vickers hardness of the carburized layer of the carburized part of the material and the carburized part of the SA material were appropriate, and the martensite fraction at the 0.4 depth position was 90% or more. Furthermore, the core hardness and chemical composition were also appropriate, and the prior austenite grain size was not coarsened. Furthermore, in the joint fatigue test piece, the fatigue strength ratio was as high as 85% or more, and even when joined, excellent fatigue strength was exhibited.
- test number 12 the C content was too high. Therefore, the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite was less than 85% in the material with slow cooling. Furthermore, both the material and SA material with slow cooling had a limit compression rate of less than 68%, and a sufficient limit compression rate could not be obtained.
- test number 13 the C content was too low. Therefore, sufficient hardness could not be obtained in the core portion of the carburized component made of the material and the core portion of the carburized component made of the SA material while being gradually cooled.
- test number 14 the oxygen content was too high. Therefore, the number of oxides was too much for both the slowly cooled material and the SA material. As a result, in the joint fatigue test piece that simulated the carburized part of the material and the carburized part of the SA material while being gradually cooled, the fatigue strength ratio was as low as less than 85%.
- test number 15 the N content was too high. Therefore, the solid solution B could not be ensured, and the core hardness was too low. Furthermore, since coarse TiN was produced, the critical processing rate of the steel materials (materials and SA materials as they were gradually cooled) was low.
- F1 was less than the lower limit of formula (1). For this reason, the core hardness of the carburized part of the material while being gradually cooled and the core hardness of the carburized part of the SA material were too low.
- test number 17 F1 exceeded the upper limit of formula (1). Therefore, the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite was less than 85% in the material with slow cooling. Therefore, the critical processing rate of the steel material and the SA steel material as they were gradually cooled was low.
- F2 was less than the lower limit of formula (2). Therefore, in the carburized part of the material while gradually cooling and the carburized part of the SA material, the hardness at the depth position of 0.4 mm was too low.
- the holding time ts at a temperature of 1500 to 1600 ° C. was less than 2.0 times the uniform mixing time ⁇ with respect to the molten steel in the ladle after secondary refining. Therefore, the number of MnS exceeded 70.0 pieces / mm 2 and the number of oxides exceeded 25.0 pieces / mm 2 in the material and SA material with slow cooling. As a result, in the joint fatigue test piece that simulated the carburized part of the material and the carburized part of the SA material while being gradually cooled, the fatigue strength ratio was as low as less than 85%.
- the average cooling rate at 800 ° C. to 500 ° C. in the slow cooling process after hot rolling was too fast. Therefore, in the structure of the steel material as it was gradually cooled, the total area ratio of ferrite and pearlite was less than 85%, and the critical compression ratio was less than 68%. On the other hand, in the structure of the SA steel material, the total area ratio of ferrite and spherical cementite was 85% or more, and the critical compression ratio of the SA material exceeded 68%. And the Vickers hardness of the carburized layer of the carburized part of SA material was appropriate, and the martensite fraction at the 0.4 mm depth position was 90% or more. Furthermore, the core hardness and chemical composition were also appropriate, and the prior austenite grain size was not coarsened. Furthermore, in the joint fatigue test piece, the fatigue strength ratio was as high as 85% or more, and excellent fatigue strength was exhibited even when joined.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
質量%で、
C:0.09~0.16%、
Si:0.01~0.50%、
Mn:0.40~0.60%、
P:0.030%以下、
S:0.025%以下、
Cr:0.90~2.00%、
Mo:0.10~0.40%、
Al:0.005~0.030%、
Ti:0.010~0.050%未満、
Nb:0.010~0.030%、
N:0.0080%以下、
O:0.0030%以下、
B:0.0003~0.0030%、
Ca:0.0005~0.0050%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
Ni:0~0.30%、及び、
残部:Fe及び不純物、
からなり、式(1)~式(3)を満たす化学組成を有し、
前記鋼材の軸方向に平行な断面において、
Mnを10.0質量%以上含有し、Sを10.0質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上のMn硫化物が70.0個/mm2以下であり、
酸素を10質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の酸化物が25.0個/mm2以下である。
0.140<C+0.194×Si+0.065×Mn+0.012×Cr+0.033×Mo+0.067×Ni+0.097×Cu+0.078×Al<0.235 式(1)
13.0<(0.70×Si+1)×(5.1×Mn+1)×(2.2×Cr+1)×(3.0×Mo+1)×(0.36×Ni+1)<45.0 式(2)
0.004<Ti-N×(48/14)<0.030 式(3)
ここで、式(1)~式(3)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
(A)Mnを10.0質量%以上含有し、Sを10.0質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上のMn硫化物を70.0個/mm2以下にする。
(B)酸素を10質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の酸化物を25.0個/mm2以下にする。
Mn硫化物:Mnを10.0質量%以上含有し、Sを10.0質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の介在物
酸化物:酸素を10質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の介在物
なお、本明細書において、介在物のうち、10.0質量%以上のSと、10.0%以上のMnと、10質量%以上の酸素とを含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の介在物は、「Mn硫化物」ではなく、「酸化物」に含まれることとする。
質量%で、
C:0.09~0.16%、
Si:0.01~0.50%、
Mn:0.40~0.60%、
P:0.030%以下、
S:0.025%以下、
Cr:0.90~2.00%、
Mo:0.10~0.40%、
Al:0.005~0.030%、
Ti:0.010~0.050%未満、
Nb:0.010~0.030%、
N:0.0080%以下、
O:0.0030%以下、
B:0.0003~0.0030%、
Ca:0.0005~0.0050%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
Ni:0~0.30%、及び、
残部:Fe及び不純物、
からなり、式(1)~式(3)を満たす化学組成を有し、
前記鋼材の軸方向に平行な断面において、
Mnを10.0質量%以上含有し、Sを10.0質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上のMn硫化物が70.0個/mm2以下であり、
酸素を10質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の酸化物が25.0個/mm2以下である。
0.140<C+0.194×Si+0.065×Mn+0.012×Cr+0.033×Mo+0.067×Ni+0.097×Cu+0.078×Al<0.235 式(1)
13.0<(0.70×Si+1)×(5.1×Mn+1)×(2.2×Cr+1)×(3.0×Mo+1)×(0.36×Ni+1)<45.0 式(2)
0.004<Ti-N×(48/14)<0.030 式(3)
ここで、式(1)~式(3)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
前記化学組成は、
Cu:0.005%~0.50%、及び、
Ni:0.005%~0.30%、
からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する。
金属組織が、面積%で、フェライトとパーライトとを、合計で、85~100%含む。
金属組織が、面積%で、フェライトと球状化セメンタイトとを、合計で、85~100%含む。
前記鋼材は、棒鋼である。
本実施形態による浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材の化学組成は、次の元素を含有する。
炭素(C)は、鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、浸炭層と芯部とを備える浸炭部品における芯部の硬さを高める。C含有量が0.09%未満であれば、浸炭部品の芯部の硬さが不足する。一方、C含有量が0.16%を超えれば、鋼材の金属組織のセメンタイト分率とパーライト分率とが増加し、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが顕著に増加するとともに、限界加工率も低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.09~0.16%である。なお、浸炭処理が行われる部品用の従来の鋼材のC含有量は0.20%程度である。そのため、本実施形態の浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材において、C含有量は、従来の鋼材よりも低い。C含有量の好ましい下限は0.10%であり、さらに好ましくは0.11%である。C含有量の好ましい上限は0.15%であり、さらに好ましくは0.14%である。
シリコン(Si)は、浸炭部品の焼戻し軟化抵抗を高め、浸炭部品の疲労強度を高める。Si含有量が0.01%未満であれば、上記効果が得られない。一方、Si含有量が0.50%を超えれば、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが上昇し、限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は0.01~0.50%である。浸炭部品の面疲労強度を重視する場合、Si含有量の好ましい下限は0.015%であり、さらに好ましくは0.02%である。浸炭部品の限界加工性の向上を重視する場合、Si含有量の好ましい上限は0.48%であり、さらに好ましくは0.46%である。
マンガン(Mn)は、鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、浸炭部品の芯部の強度を高める。Mn含有量が0.40%未満であれば、この効果が得られない。一方、Mn含有量が0.60%を超えれば、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが上昇して、限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量は0.40~0.60%である。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.42%であり、さらに好ましくは0.44%である。Mn含有量の好ましい上限は0.58%であり、さらに好ましくは0.56%である。
燐(P)は、不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、P含有量は0%超である。Pは、オーステナイト粒界に偏析して旧オーステナイト粒界を脆化させ、粒界割れを引き起こす。したがって、P含有量は0.030%以下である。P含有量の好ましい上限は0.026%であり、さらに好ましくは0.024%である。P含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、P含有量を極限まで低減すれば、生産性が低下し、製造コストが高くなる。したがって、通常の操業において、P含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%である。
硫黄(S)は、不可避に含有される。つまり、S含有量は0%超である。SはMnと結合してMnSを形成し、鋼材の被削性を高める。S含有量が0%超であれば、この効果が得られる。一方、S含有量が0.025%を超えれば、粗大なMnSが生成して、鍛造時に割れが生じやすくなり、限界圧縮率が低下する。したがって、S含有量は0.025%以下である。S含有量の好ましい上限は0.022%であり、さらに好ましくは0.020%である。被削性をより有効に高める場合、S含有量の好ましい下限は0.0001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。
クロム(Cr)は、鋼材の焼入性を高め、浸炭部品の芯部の強度を高める。Cr含有量が0.90%未満であれば、この効果が得られない。一方、Cr含有量が2.00%を超えれば、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが上昇して、限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Cr含有量は0.90~2.00%である。Cr含有量の好ましい下限は0.95%であり、さらに好ましくは1.00%である。Cr含有量の好ましい上限は1.95%であり、さらに好ましくは1.92%である。
モリブデン(Mo)は、鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、浸炭部品の芯部の強度を高める。Mo含有量が0.10%未満であれば、この効果が得られない。一方、Mo含有量が0.40%を超えれば、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが上昇して、限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Mo含有量は0.10~0.40%である。Mo含有量の好ましい下限は0.11%であり、さらに好ましくは0.12%である。Mo含有量の好ましい上限は0.38%であり、さらに好ましくは0.36%である。
アルミニウム(Al)は、鋼中に固溶Nが存在する場合、AlNを形成する元素である。しかし、本実施形態の鋼材、及び、浸炭部品における芯部では、鋼中のNがTiの添加によってTiNとして固定されているので、鋼中に固溶Nがほとんど存在しない。このため、AlはAlNを形成せず、鋼中に固溶Alとして存在している。固溶状態で存在するAlは、鋼の被削性を向上する効果がある。浸炭部品の製造時に仕上げの切削等を施す場合は、Al含有量を0.005%以上とすることが望ましい。しかしながら、Al含有量が0.030%を超えると、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが上昇し、変形抵抗が上昇し、そして、限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Al含有量は0.005~0.030%である。Alの好ましい下限は0.010%である。Alの好ましい上限は0.020%である。
チタン(Ti)は、鋼材中のNをTiNとして固定し、BNの形成を抑制する。これにより、Tiは固溶B量を確保して鋼材の焼入れ性を高める。Tiはさらに、Ti炭化物を形成して、浸炭処理時における結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する。Ti含有量が0.010%未満であれば、この効果は得られない。一方、Ti含有量が0.050%以上であれば、Ti炭化物の析出量が過剰に多くなり、鍛造前の鋼材の限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Ti含有量は0.010~0.050%未満である。Ti含有量の好ましい下限は0.012%であり、さらに好ましくは0.014%である。Ti含有量の好ましい上限は0.048%であり、さらに好ましくは0.046%である。
Nb(ニオブ)は、鋼中でN及びCと結合して、Nb炭窒化物を形成する。Nb炭窒化物は、ピンニング効果により、結晶粒の粗大化を抑制する。Nb含有量が0.010%未満であれば、この効果が得られない。一方、Nb含有量が0.030%を超えれば、その効果が飽和する。したがって、Nb含有量は0.010~0.030%である。Nb含有量の好ましい下限は0.011%であり、さらに好ましくは0.012%である。Nb含有量の好ましい上限は0.029%であり、さらに好ましくは0.028%であり、さらに好ましくは0.027%である。
窒素(N)は、不可避に含有される不純物である。つまり、鋼材中のN含有量は0%超である。NはBと結合してBNを形成し、固溶B量を低減する。この場合、鋼材の焼入れ性が低下する。N含有量が0.0080%を超えれば、Tiを含有していても、鋼中のNをTiNとして固定することができなくなり、焼入れ性に寄与する固溶Bを確保することが困難となる。さらに、粗大なTiNが形成される。粗大なTiNは鍛造時に割れの起点になり、鍛造前の鋼材の限界加工率を低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.0080%以下である。N含有量の好ましい上限は0.0078%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0076%である。N含有量は低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、N含有量を極限まで低減すれば、生産性が低下し、製造コストが高くなる。したがって、通常の操業において、N含有量の好ましい下限は0.0020%である。
酸素(O)は、不可避的に含有される不純物である。つまり、鋼材中のO含有量は0%超である。Oは、酸化物を形成し、浸炭処理前の中間品を溶接により製造するときに、接合性を低下する。この場合、疲労強度が低下する。したがって、O含有量は0.0030%以下である。O含有量の好ましい上限は0.0029%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0028%である。O含有量は低い方が好ましい。しかしながら、O含有量を極限まで低減すれば、生産性が低下し、製造コストが高くなる。したがって、通常の操業において、O含有量の好ましい下限は0.0010%である。
ホウ素(B)は、鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、浸炭部品の強度を高める。B含有量が0.0003%以上であれば、この効果が得られる。一方、B含有量が0.0030%を超えれば、上記効果が飽和する。したがって、B含有量は0.0003~0.0030%である。B含有量の好ましい下限は0.0004%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0005%である。B含有量の好ましい上限は0.0028%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0026%である。
カルシウム(Ca)は、Mn硫化物及び酸化物に含有され、これらの介在物を球状化する。さらに、Mn硫化物及び酸化物に含有されることにより、これらの介在物を微細化する。Ca含有量が0.0005%未満であれば、これらの効果が得られない。一方、Ca含有量が0.0050%を超えれば、粗大なMn硫化物及び粗大な酸化物を形成して、浸炭部品の疲労強度を低下する。したがって、Ca含有量は0.0005~0.0050%である。Ca含有量の好ましい下限は0.0006%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0007%である。Ca含有量の好ましい上限は0.0048%であり、さらに好ましくは0.0046%である。
本実施形態の浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材の化学組成の残部は、Fe及び不純物からなる。ここで、不純物とは、鋼材を工業的に製造する際に、原料としての鉱石、スクラップ、又は製造環境などから混入されるものであって、意図的に鋼に含有させたものではない成分を意味する。
Sb:0.0005%以下、Sn:0.0005%以下、W:0.0005%以下、Co:0.0005%以下、As:0.0005%以下、Pb:0.0005%以下、Bi:0.0005%以下、H:0.0005%以下。
本実施形態の浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材の化学組成は、Feの一部に代えて、Cu、及び、Niからなる群から選択される1種以上を含有してもよい。
銅(Cu)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Cu含有量は0%であってもよい。Cu含有量が0%超の場合、Cuは鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、浸炭部品の強度を高める。また、Cuは、ガス浸炭のガス雰囲気で、酸化物や窒化物を形成しない元素である。そのため、Cuを含有した場合、浸炭層表面の酸化物層や窒化物層、又は、それらに起因する浸炭異常層が形成されにくくなる。しかしながら、Cu含有量が高すぎれば、1000℃以上の高温域における延性が低下し、連続鋳造、圧延時の歩留まり低下の原因になる。さらに、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが上昇して、限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Cu含有量は0~0.50%である。Cu含有量の好ましい下限は0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。Cu含有量の好ましい上限は0.45%であり、さらに好ましくは0.40%である。
ニッケル(Ni)は任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。つまり、Ni含有量は0%であってもよい。Ni含有量が0%超の場合、Niは鋼材の焼入れ性を高め、浸炭部品の強度を高める。しかしながら、Ni含有量が高すぎれば、鍛造前の鋼材の硬さが上昇して、限界加工率が低下する。したがって、Ni含有量は0~0.30%である。Ni含有量の好ましい下限は0.005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。Ni含有量の好ましい上限は0.28%であり、さらに好ましくは0.25%である。
本実施形態の浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材の化学組成は、さらに、次の式(1)~式(3)を満たす。
0.140<C+0.194×Si+0.065×Mn+0.012×Cr+0.033×Mo+0.067×Ni+0.097×Cu+0.078×Al<0.235 式(1)
13.0<(0.70×Si+1)×(5.1×Mn+1)×(2.2×Cr+1)×(3.0×Mo+1)×(0.36×Ni+1)<45.0 式(2)
0.004<Ti-N×(48/14)<0.030 式(3)
ここで、式(1)~式(3)中の元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。対応する元素が任意元素であり、含有されていない場合、その元素記号には「0」が代入される。
F1=C+0.194×Si+0.065×Mn+0.012×Cr+0.033×Mo+0.067×Ni+0.097×Cu+0.078×Alと定義する。F1は鋼材の硬さの指標である。
F2=(0.70×Si+1)×(5.1×Mn+1)×(2.2×Cr+1)×(3.0×Mo+1)×(0.36×Ni+1)と定義する。F2は部材の焼入れ性に関する指標である。
F3=Ti-N×(48/14)と定義する。F3は、TiC析出量に関する指標である。TiがNに対して化学量論的に過剰に含有された場合、Nは全てTiNの形で固定される。つまり、F3は、TiNを形成するために消費された以外の過剰なTi量を意味する。F3中の「14」はNの原子量であり、「48」はTiの原子量を示す。
本実施形態の浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材の金属組織について説明する。
上記した化学組成からなる鋼材の金属組織は、好ましくは、面積%で、フェライトとパーライトとを、合計で、85~100%含有する。
上記した金属組織に代わって、上記した化学成分からなる鋼材は、面積%で、フェライト及び球状化セメンタイトを、合計で、85~100%含んでもよい。ここで、球状化セメンタイトとは、金属組織観察面で、セメンタイトの最大長さを直径とする円に対して、そのセメンタイトの面積が54%以上である場合を球状化セメンタイトとする。
本実施形態の浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材ではさらに、鋼材の軸方向(すなわち、鋼材の長手方向)に平行な断面において、鋼中のMn硫化物及び酸化物が次の条件を満たす。
(A)Mnを10.0質量%以上含有し、Sを10.0質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上のMn硫化物を70.0個/mm2以下にする。
(B)酸素を10質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の酸化物を25.0個/mm2以下にする。
Mn硫化物:Mnを10.0質量%以上含有し、Sを10.0質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の介在物
酸化物:酸素を10質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の介在物
なお、本明細書において、介在物のうち、10.0質量%以上のSと、10.0%以上のMnと、10質量%以上の酸素とを含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の介在物は、「Mn硫化物」ではなく、「酸化物」に含まれることとする。
鋼中のMn硫化物の個数、及び、酸化物の個数については、次の方法で測定できる。浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材から、サンプルを採取する。鋼材が棒鋼の場合、図1に示すとおり、棒鋼の中心軸線C1から径方向にR/2位置(Rは棒鋼の半径)から、サンプルを採取する。サンプルの観察面のサイズはL1×L2であってL1を10mmとし、L2を5mmとする。さらに、観察面と垂直の方向であるサンプル厚さL3を5mmとする。観察面の法線Nは、中心軸線C1に垂直(つまり、観察面は、鋼材の軸方向と平行)とし、R/2位置は、観察面の中央位置に相当する。
次に、本実施形態による浸炭部品の金属組織について説明する。
本実施形態の浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材、及び、浸炭部品の製造方法について説明する。
初めに、本実施形態による鋼材の製造方法の一例について説明する。浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材の製造方法の一例は、製鋼工程と、熱間加工工程と、徐冷工程とを含む。以下、各工程について説明する。
製鋼工程は、精錬工程と、加熱保持工程と、最終成分調整工程と、鋳造工程とを含む。
精錬工程では初めに、周知の方法で製造された溶銑に対して転炉での精錬(一次精錬)を実施する。転炉から出鋼した溶鋼に対して、二次精錬を実施する。二次精錬において、溶鋼に合金元素を添加して、上記化学組成を満たす溶鋼を製造する。
二次精錬(最終成分調整)後の取鍋内の溶鋼に対して、1500~1600℃の温度で下記式によって算定される均一混合時間τ(s)の2倍以上の保持時間tsで加熱する。
τ=800×ε-0.4
ε=((6.18×Vg×Tl)/Ml)ln(1+(h0/(1.46×10-5×P0)))
ここで、Vg:ガス流量(Nm3/min)、Ml:取鍋内溶鋼質量(ton)、Tl:溶鋼温度(K)、h0:ガス吹き込み深さ(m)、P0:溶鋼表面圧力(Pa)、ε:攪拌動力値(W/ton)、τ:均一混合時間(s)である。
加熱保持工程後の溶鋼にSi及びCaを添加して、上述の化学組成及び式(1)~式(3)を満たす溶鋼を製造する。Si及びCaはそれぞれ単独の原料として溶鋼に添加してもよい。Si-Ca合金を原料として、溶鋼に添加してもよい。
上記精錬工程により製造された溶鋼を用いて、素材(鋳片又はインゴット)を製造する。具体的には、溶鋼を用いて連続鋳造法により鋳片を製造する。又は、溶鋼を用いて造塊法によりインゴットとしてもよい。また、必要に応じて、鋳造工程後の鋳片又はインゴットに対して、分塊圧延等を実施してもよい。この鋳片又はインゴットを用いて、下記の製造方法を選択することで、上記した金属組織を有する本実施形態の鋼材を製造することができる。
熱間加工工程として、鋳造工程後の鋳片を、熱間圧延、熱間鍛造などを施して、熱間加工鋼材を得る。熱間圧延はたとえば、分塊圧延や、一列に配列された複数の圧延スタンドを有する連続圧延機を用いた仕上げ圧延等である。分塊圧延は必要に応じて実施すればよい。この熱間加工工程での、加工温度、加工率、ひずみ速度などの塑性加工条件は、特に、限定されるものではなく、適宜、好適な条件を選択すればよい。熱間加工工程での加熱温度は周知の加熱温度であり、たとえば、1100~1300℃である。
この熱間加工工程の直後で、まだ、冷却されていない上記熱間加工鋼材に、徐冷工程として、この熱間加工鋼材の表面温度が800℃~500℃となる温度範囲を、0超~1.00℃/秒の冷却速度で徐冷を施して、本実施形態の鋼材を得る。
上記徐冷を施した熱間加工鋼材に、さらに、球状化熱処理工程を実施してもよい。この場合、球状化熱処理を施して、本実施形態の鋼材が製造できる。
次に、本実施形態による浸炭部品の製造方法の一例について説明する。本製造方法は、上述の本実施形態の鋼材に対して冷間加工を実施して、複数の中間部材を製造する冷間加工工程と、製造された複数の中間部材を溶接して一体品とする溶接工程と、溶接後の中間部材に対して浸炭処理又は浸炭窒化処理を実施する浸炭工程と、浸炭工程後の中間部材に対して焼入れ処理、又は焼入れ・焼戻し処理を実施する仕上げ熱処理工程とを含む。
上述の製造方法で製造された鋼材に、冷間加工工程として、冷間塑性加工を施して形状を付与し、複数の中間部材を製造する。この冷間加工工程での、加工率、ひずみ速度などの塑性加工条件は、特に、限定されるものではなく、適宜、好適な条件を選択すればよい。冷間加工はたとえば、冷間鍛造である。複数の中間部材は次工程の溶接工程で溶接され、一体化される。
溶接工程では、摩擦接合、又はレーザー接合により、上述の複数の中間部材を溶接して、一体品とする。溶接方法は特に限定されない。中間部材の接合面を機械加工により平坦に形成してもよい。上述の鋼材では、Mn硫化物が70.0個/mm2以下であり、かつ、酸化物が25.0個/mm2以下である。そのため、接合性に優れ、浸炭部品の接合疲労強度に優れる。
溶接工程により一体に接合された中間部材に対して、浸炭工程として、浸炭処理、又は浸炭窒化処理を施す。上記した金属組織と硬さとを有する浸炭部品を得るために、浸炭処理又は浸炭窒化処理の条件を、温度が830~1100℃、カーボンポテンシャルが0.5~1.2%、浸炭時間が1時間以上とすることが好ましい。
浸炭工程後、仕上げ熱処理工程として、焼入れ処理、又は焼入れ・焼戻し処理を施して浸炭部品を得る。上記した金属組織と硬さとを有する浸炭部品を得るために、焼入れ処理、又は焼入れ・焼戻し処理の条件として、焼入れ媒体の温度を室温~250℃とすることが好ましい。また、必要に応じて焼入れ後にサブゼロ処理を行っても良い。
必要に応じて、上記冷間加工工程前の鋼材にさらに、焼鈍工程を実施してもよい。焼鈍工程にて焼鈍処理を行うことで、鋼材の硬さが低下し、変形抵抗が低下し、そして、限界加工率が向上する。焼鈍条件は、特に、限定されるものではなく、適宜、周知の焼鈍条件を選択すればよい。
製造された鋼材について、次の特性を評価した。
棒状である鋼材の、周面から上記切断面の直径1/4深さの位置から、金属組織観察試験片を採取した。また、鋼材の長手方向が圧縮方向となるように、限界圧縮率測定試験片(6mmφ×9mm、切り欠き形状:30度、深さ0.8mm、先端部の曲率半径0.15mm)を採取した。金属組織観察用試験片を、徐冷工程後であってSA工程を実施していない鋼材から採取し、さらに、SA工程後の鋼材から採取した。同様に、限界圧縮率測定試験片を、徐冷工程後であってSA工程を実施していない鋼材(徐冷まま材)から採取し、さらに、SA工程後の鋼材(SA材)から採取した。以下、各試験片において、徐冷工程後であってSA工程を実施していない鋼材(徐冷まま材)から採取したものを「徐冷まま試験片」、SA工程後の鋼材(SA材)から採取したものを「SA後試験片」という。
上述の金属組織観察試験片(徐冷まま試験片、SA後試験片)を用いて、金属組織観察試験を実施した。具体的には、徐冷まま試験片、SA後試験片を鏡面研磨した。鏡面研磨された徐冷まま試験片の表面(観察面)を、ナイタール腐食液(2%硝酸アルコール)にて5~10秒間エッチングした。また、鏡面研磨されたSA後試験片の表面(観察面)を、ピクラール腐食液(5%ピクリン酸アルコール)で10~20秒エッチングした。なお、ピクリン酸とは、2,4,6-トリニトロフェノールである。
上述の限界圧縮率測定試験片(徐冷まま試験片、SA後試験片)に対して、次の方法により限界圧縮試験を実施した。各試験片に対して、拘束ダイスを使用して10mm/分のスピードで冷間圧縮を行った。切り欠き近傍に0.5mm以上の微小割れが生じたときに圧縮を停止し、その時の圧縮率(%)を算出した。この測定を合計10回行い、累積破損確率が50%となる圧縮率(%)を求めて、その圧縮率を限界圧縮率(%)とした。各試験番号の限界圧縮率(%)を表2に示す。浸炭処理が行われる部品用の従来の鋼材の限界圧縮率が、およそ65%であるので、この値よりも明らかに高い値と見なせる68%以上となる場合を、限界加工率が優れると判断した。なお、限界圧縮率が68%未満の試験番号に対しては、浸炭部品の評価試験を実施しなかった。
上述の各試験番号において、徐冷工程後であってSA工程を実施していない鋼材(徐冷まま材)、及び、SA工程後の鋼材(SA材)の各々からサンプルを採取した。具体的には、図1に示すとおり、徐冷まま材、SA材の中心軸線C1から径方向にR/2位置から、サンプルを採取した。サンプルの観察面のサイズはL1×L2であってL1を10mmとし、L2を5mmとした。さらに、観察面と垂直の方向であるサンプル厚さL3を5mmとした。観察面の法線Nは、中心軸線C1に垂直とし、R/2位置は、観察面の中央位置に相当した。
各試験番号の徐冷まま材の鋼材の、周面から上記切断面の直径1/4深さの位置から、長手方向が圧縮方向となるように、浸炭用の試験片(20mmφ×30mm)を採取した。この浸炭用の試験片に、冷間加工工程として、冷間で圧縮率50%の据え込み圧縮を行った。据え込み圧縮の条件は、室温、拘束ダイス使用、歪速度1/秒であった。据え込み圧縮後の浸炭用の試験片に、浸炭工程として、変成炉ガス方式によるガス浸炭を行った。このガス浸炭は、カーボンポテンシャルを0.8%として、950℃で5時間の保持を行い、続いて、850℃で0.5時間の保持を行った。浸炭工程後に、仕上げ熱処理工程として、130℃への油焼入れを行い、そして、150℃で90分の焼戻しを行って、浸炭部品(徐冷まま材使用)を得た。
上記製造した浸炭部品(徐冷まま材を使用した浸炭部品、SA材を使用した浸炭部品)の、浸炭層及び芯部について、特性を評価した。表3に、その評価結果を示す。
各試験番号の浸炭部品(徐冷まま材を使用した浸炭部品、SA材を使用した浸炭部品)の長手方向に垂直な切断面において、表面から50μm深さ位置のビッカース硬さと、表面から0.4μm深さ位置のビッカース硬さを、マイクロビッカース硬度計を用いて、JIS Z 2244(2009)に準拠したビッカース硬さ試験により求めた。試験時の荷重は0.49Nとした。50μm深さ位置10箇所のビッカース硬さHVを測定して、その相加平均値を、50μm深さ位置でのビッカース硬さHVとした。また、0.4μm深さ位置10箇所のビッカース硬さHVを測定して、その相加平均値を、0.4μm深さ位置でのビッカース硬さHVとした。表面から深さ50μmの位置での硬さがHV650~HV1000の場合、また、表面から深さ0.4mmの位置での硬さがHV550~HV900の場合を、硬さが十分であり合格と判定した。測定結果を表3に示す。
上記浸炭部品の浸炭層(徐冷まま材を使用した浸炭部品、SA材を使用した浸炭部品)について、表面から深さ0.4mmの位置での金属組織を評価した。金属組織は、ナイタール腐食を施して、光学顕微鏡で観察を行った。光学顕微鏡の倍率は200倍とし、観察視野は500μm×500μmとした。
上記浸炭部品(徐冷まま材を使用した浸炭部品、SA材を使用した浸炭部品)の芯部のビッカース硬さ及び化学組成を次の方法で測定した。浸炭部品の長手方向に垂直な切断面において、表面から2mm深さ位置のビッカース硬さを、ビッカース硬度計を用いて、JIS Z 2244(2009)に準拠したビッカース硬さ試験により求めた。試験時の荷重は49Nとした。2mm深さ位置にて10回の測定を行い、その相加平均値を表面から2mm深さ位置でのビッカース硬さ(HV)とした。得られたビッカース硬さを表2に示す。ビッカース硬さが、HV250~HV500の場合を、硬さが十分であり合格と判定した。測定結果を表3に示す。
上記浸炭部品(徐冷まま材を使用した浸炭部品、SA材を使用した浸炭部品)の芯部について、表面から深さ2mmの位置での、旧オーステナイト結晶粒の観察を行った。具体的には、浸炭部品の長手方向に垂直な切断面を観察面とした。観察面を鏡面研磨した後、ピクリン酸飽和水溶液にてエッチングを行った。エッチングされた観察面の、表面から2mm深さ位置を含む視野(300μm×300μm)を光学顕微鏡(400倍)で観察して、旧オーステナイト結晶粒を特定した。特定された旧オーステナイト結晶粒に対して、JIS G 0551(2013)に準拠して、各旧オーステナイト粒の結晶粒度番号を求めた。結晶粒度番号でNo.4以下の結晶粒が一つでも存在している場合に「粗大粒発生あり」と判定した。判定結果を表3に示す。
各試験番号の鋼材(徐冷まま材、SA材)であって、直径35mmの丸棒を機械加工して、直径20mm、長さ150mmの丸棒を作製した。この丸棒を用いて、基本疲労試験片、及び、接合疲労試験片を作製した。
摩擦圧力:100MPa、摩擦時間:5sec、
アップセット圧力(接合部への丸棒両端部からの加圧力):200MPa、
アップセット時間(接合部への加圧時間):5sec、
回転数:2000rpm、
寄りしろ:5~12mm
疲労強度比(%)=接合疲労試験片の疲労強度/基本疲労試験片の疲労強度×100
試験結果を表2及び表3に示す。表2及び表3を参照して、試験番号1~試験番号11の化学組成は適切であり、式(1)~式(3)を満たした。さらに、製鋼条件も適切であった。また、徐冷工程での冷却速度も適切であった。さらに、球状化処理も適切であった。そのため、徐冷まま材及びSA材でのMn硫化物個数はいずれも70.0個/mm2以下であり、かつ、酸化物個数はいずれも25.0個/mm2以下であった。さらに、徐冷まま材において、フェライト及びパーライトの総面積率は85~100%であり、SA材において、フェライト及び球状化セメンタイトの総面積率は85~100%であった。その結果、徐冷まま材、SA材ともに、限界圧縮率は68%以上であり、優れた限界圧縮率を示した。
Claims (5)
- 浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材であって、
質量%で、
C:0.09~0.16%、
Si:0.01~0.50%、
Mn:0.40~0.60%、
P:0.030%以下、
S:0.025%以下、
Cr:0.90~2.00%、
Mo:0.10~0.40%、
Al:0.005~0.030%、
Ti:0.010~0.050%未満、
Nb:0.010~0.030%、
N:0.0080%以下、
O:0.0030%以下、
B:0.0003~0.0030%、
Ca:0.0005~0.0050%、
Cu:0~0.50%、
Ni:0~0.30%、及び、
残部:Fe及び不純物、
からなり、式(1)~式(3)を満たす化学組成を有し、
前記鋼材の軸方向に平行な断面において、
Mnを10.0質量%以上含有し、Sを10.0質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上のMn硫化物が70.0個/mm2以下であり、
酸素を10質量%以上含有し、円相当径が0.5μm以上の酸化物が25.0個/mm2以下である、
鋼材。
0.140<C+0.194×Si+0.065×Mn+0.012×Cr+0.033×Mo+0.067×Ni+0.097×Cu+0.078×Al<0.235 式(1)
13.0<(0.70×Si+1)×(5.1×Mn+1)×(2.2×Cr+1)×(3.0×Mo+1)×(0.36×Ni+1)<45.0 式(2)
0.004<Ti-N×(48/14)<0.030 式(3)
ここで、式(1)~式(3)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。 - 請求項1に記載の鋼材であって、
前記化学組成は、
Cu:0.005%~0.50%、及び、
Ni:0.005%~0.30%、
からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有する、
鋼材。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の鋼材であって、
金属組織が、面積%で、フェライトとパーライトとを、合計で、85~100%含む、
鋼材。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の鋼材であって、
金属組織が、面積%で、フェライトと球状化セメンタイトとを、合計で、85~100%含む、
鋼材。 - 請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の鋼材であって、
前記鋼材は、棒鋼である、
鋼材。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020207022544A KR102402361B1 (ko) | 2018-04-12 | 2019-03-14 | 침탄 처리가 행해지는 부품용 강재 |
| CN201980012493.1A CN111684094B (zh) | 2018-04-12 | 2019-03-14 | 进行渗碳处理的部件用钢材 |
| JP2019534433A JP6628014B1 (ja) | 2018-04-12 | 2019-03-14 | 浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2018076737 | 2018-04-12 | ||
| JP2018-076737 | 2018-04-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2019198415A1 true WO2019198415A1 (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
Family
ID=68163568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2019/010661 Ceased WO2019198415A1 (ja) | 2018-04-12 | 2019-03-14 | 浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6628014B1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102402361B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN111684094B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2019198415A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020138432A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| JP2021105205A (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-26 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 浸炭鋼部品用鋼材 |
| WO2021171494A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102561036B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-11 | 2023-07-31 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강재 |
| WO2022210126A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 機械構造部品用鋼線およびその製造方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004332078A (ja) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | 切屑処理性に優れた機械構造用快削鋼 |
| WO2005090615A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | 耐食性に優れた低合金鋼の製造方法 |
| JP2009215637A (ja) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 被削性と結晶粒粗大化防止特性に優れた肌焼鋼 |
| JP2013087334A (ja) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-05-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | 溶接熱影響部の靱性に優れた鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2015129335A (ja) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-16 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭軸受用鋼 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4464863B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-27 | 2010-05-19 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 耐結晶粒粗大化特性と冷間加工性に優れた肌焼用鋼 |
| KR101482473B1 (ko) * | 2011-02-10 | 2015-01-13 | 신닛테츠스미킨 카부시키카이샤 | 침탄용 강, 침탄강 부품 및 그 제조 방법 |
-
2019
- 2019-03-14 KR KR1020207022544A patent/KR102402361B1/ko active Active
- 2019-03-14 JP JP2019534433A patent/JP6628014B1/ja active Active
- 2019-03-14 WO PCT/JP2019/010661 patent/WO2019198415A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-03-14 CN CN201980012493.1A patent/CN111684094B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004332078A (ja) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | 切屑処理性に優れた機械構造用快削鋼 |
| WO2005090615A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | 耐食性に優れた低合金鋼の製造方法 |
| JP2009215637A (ja) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 被削性と結晶粒粗大化防止特性に優れた肌焼鋼 |
| JP2013087334A (ja) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-05-13 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | 溶接熱影響部の靱性に優れた鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2015129335A (ja) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-16 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭軸受用鋼 |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020138432A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| JPWO2020138432A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-11-04 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| JP7099549B2 (ja) | 2018-12-28 | 2022-07-12 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| JP2021105205A (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-26 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 浸炭鋼部品用鋼材 |
| JP7368724B2 (ja) | 2019-12-27 | 2023-10-25 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 浸炭鋼部品用鋼材 |
| WO2021171494A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
| JPWO2021171494A1 (ja) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-09-02 | ||
| JP7269522B2 (ja) | 2020-02-27 | 2023-05-09 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼材 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2019198415A1 (ja) | 2020-04-30 |
| KR102402361B1 (ko) | 2022-05-26 |
| JP6628014B1 (ja) | 2020-01-08 |
| CN111684094B (zh) | 2021-12-03 |
| KR20200103821A (ko) | 2020-09-02 |
| CN111684094A (zh) | 2020-09-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5135562B2 (ja) | 浸炭用鋼、浸炭鋼部品、及び、その製造方法 | |
| JP5135563B2 (ja) | 浸炭用鋼、浸炭鋼部品、及び、その製造方法 | |
| JP6628014B1 (ja) | 浸炭処理が行われる部品用の鋼材 | |
| JP7168003B2 (ja) | 鋼材 | |
| JP5123335B2 (ja) | クランクシャフトおよびその製造方法 | |
| JP5886119B2 (ja) | 肌焼鋼鋼材 | |
| JP2008081841A (ja) | 冷間鍛造性および結晶粒粗大化防止特性に優れた肌焼鋼およびそれから得られる機械部品 | |
| JP2017171977A (ja) | クランクシャフト及びその製造方法並びにクランクシャフト用鋼 | |
| US11952650B2 (en) | Steel wire | |
| JP7436779B2 (ja) | 浸炭歯車用鋼、浸炭歯車及び浸炭歯車の製造方法 | |
| WO2020138432A1 (ja) | 鋼材 | |
| JP4280923B2 (ja) | 浸炭部品又は浸炭窒化部品用の鋼材 | |
| JP4488228B2 (ja) | 高周波焼入れ用鋼材 | |
| CN110651060A (zh) | 钢和部件 | |
| CN107429359A (zh) | 热轧棒线材、部件及热轧棒线材的制造方法 | |
| JP6658317B2 (ja) | 浸炭部品 | |
| KR102825099B1 (ko) | 강재, 및, 그 강재를 소재로 하는 크랭크 샤프트 | |
| JP7269522B2 (ja) | 鋼材 | |
| JP7368697B2 (ja) | 浸炭歯車用鋼、浸炭歯車及び浸炭歯車の製造方法 | |
| JP7151474B2 (ja) | 浸炭鋼部品用鋼材 | |
| JP7156021B2 (ja) | 浸炭鋼部品用鋼材 | |
| JPH11335732A (ja) | 軟窒化用鋼材の製造方法及びその鋼材を用いた軟窒化部品 | |
| WO2016158611A1 (ja) | 浸炭用鋼材および浸炭部品 | |
| JP2020105601A (ja) | 浸炭鋼部品用鋼材 | |
| WO2021167070A1 (ja) | 弁ばね |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2019534433 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19784214 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20207022544 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 19784214 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |