WO2019181950A1 - 高強度冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
高強度冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019181950A1 WO2019181950A1 PCT/JP2019/011486 JP2019011486W WO2019181950A1 WO 2019181950 A1 WO2019181950 A1 WO 2019181950A1 JP 2019011486 W JP2019011486 W JP 2019011486W WO 2019181950 A1 WO2019181950 A1 WO 2019181950A1
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- steel sheet
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
- Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
- Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet and a method for producing the same.
- This application claims priority on March 19, 2018 based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-051020 for which it applied to Japan, and uses the content for it here.
- the tensile strength (TS) is 1310 MPa or more
- the uniform elongation in the tensile test is 5.0% or more
- the ratio (R / t) of the critical bending radius R to the plate thickness t in 90 ° V bending is 5.0 or less. Therefore, it is further required to have excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
- the structure containing ferrite is effective for obtaining excellent moldability.
- ferrite is a soft structure and contributes little to improving strength. Therefore, in order to obtain a strength of 1310 MPa or more with steel having a structure containing ferrite, it is necessary to harden the second phase. However, the hard second phase deteriorates the bendability.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose steel sheets that have tempered martensite as the main phase as a technique for increasing tensile strength without degrading bendability.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose that a bendable martensite single-phase structure is excellent in bendability. Further, it is disclosed that this tempered martensite is excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance because it has a finely dispersed structure of carbides that are hydrogen trap sites.
- the invention of Patent Document 1 has a low strength level of less than 1310 MPa. Therefore, when aiming at higher strength, it is necessary to further improve the hydrogen embrittlement resistance and workability that deteriorate with it. Further, the invention of Patent Document 2 has a problem that since it is cooled to near room temperature at a time in quenching, there is little retained austenite, and high uniform elongation cannot be obtained (low formability).
- Patent Document 3 proposes a steel sheet using the TRIP effect due to retained austenite.
- the invention of Patent Document 3 has a ferrite phase. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a high strength of 1310 MPa or more. Further, since there is a difference in strength within the structure, it is required to further improve the bending formability.
- a steel sheet having a high strength with a tensile strength (TS) of 1310 MPa or more, high formability, and high hydrogen embrittlement resistance has not been proposed.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the problem is that a high-strength steel sheet that is compatible with a high level of formability and hydrogen embrittlement resistance, which is a problem with high-strength steel sheets, that is, tensile.
- the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet includes a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and a high-strength alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a hot-dip galvanized layer or an alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer on the surface.
- the inventors conducted a detailed investigation on the influence of chemical composition and production conditions on the mechanical properties of high-strength cold-rolled steel sheets.
- the structure (metal structure) at a position 1/4 of the sheet thickness from the surface, which is a representative position of the steel sheet, is made a tempered martensite-based structure containing residual austenite, and by dew point control during annealing. It has been found that formability and hydrogen embrittlement resistance, which are problems in high-strength steel sheets, can be achieved at a high level by softening the surface layer and refining the hard phase of the surface layer part. Moreover, about the surface layer part, the above structure is obtained by adjusting the holding time in the temperature range of more than 425 ° C.
- the present invention has been made based on the above findings.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention is, in mass%, C: more than 0.140%, less than 0.400%, Si: more than 0.35%, less than 1.50%, Mn : Over 1.50%, less than 4.00%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Al: 0.100% or less, N: 0.0100% or less, Ti: 0% or more Less than 0.050%, Nb: 0% or more, less than 0.050%, V: 0% or more, 0.50% or less, Cr: 0% or more, 1.00% or less, Mo: 0% or more, 0 50% or less, B: 0% or more, 0.0100% or less, Ca: 0% or more, 0.0100% or less, Mg: 0% or more, 0.0100% or less, REM: 0% or more, 0.0500 %, Bi: 0% or more and 0.050% or less, and the balance has a chemical composition consisting of Fe and impurities, The
- the average particle size of the martensite and tempered martensite is 5.0 ⁇ m or less, the tensile strength is 1310 MPa or more, and uniform elongation Is not less than 5.0%, and R / t, which is the ratio of the critical bending radius R and the sheet thickness t in 90 ° V bending, is 5.0 or less.
- the chemical composition is, in mass%, Ti: 0.001% or more, less than 0.050%, Nb: 0.001% or more, 0.0.
- V 0.01% or more, 0.50% or less, Cr: 0.01% or more, 1.00% or less, Mo: 0.01% or more, 0.50% or less
- B 0.0. 0001% or more, 0.0100% or less
- Ca 0.0001% or more, 0.0100% or less
- Mg 0.0001% or more, 0.0100% or less
- REM 0.005% or more, 0.0500%
- a hot-dip galvanized layer may be provided on the surface.
- the hot-dip galvanized layer may be an alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer.
- the manufacturing method of the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to another aspect of the present invention is mass%, C: more than 0.140%, less than 0.400%, Si: more than 0.35%, 1.50.
- the steel sheet is directly or once cooled and then heated and hot-rolled into a hot-rolled steel sheet, and the hot-rolled steel sheet is pickled and cold-rolled into a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- a tempering step of tempering for 1 second or more at the following temperature After the tempering step, a third cooling step for cooling to a temperature capable of skin pass rolling; A skin pass step of performing skin pass rolling on the cold-rolled steel sheet after the third cooling step; Is provided.
- the chemical composition is, in mass%, Ti: 0.001% or more, less than 0.050%, Nb: 0.001% or more, 0.0. Less than 050%, V: 0.01% or more, 0.50% or less, Cr: 0.01% or more, 1.00% or less, Mo: 0.01% or more, 0.50% or less, and B: 0.0. 0001% or more, 0.0100% or less, Ca: 0.0001% or more, 0.0100% or less, Mg: 0.0001% or more, 0.0100% or less, REM: 0.005% or more, 0.0500% One or two or more of Bi and 0.005% or more and 0.050% or less may be contained.
- the holding process may include a hot-dip galvanizing process in which hot-dip galvanizing is performed on the cold-rolled steel sheet.
- an alloying step of performing an alloying treatment may be included after the hot-dip galvanizing step of the holding step.
- the tensile strength (TS) is 1310 MPa or more
- the uniform elongation is 5.0% or more
- the ratio (R / t) of the critical bending radius R to the sheet thickness t in 90 ° V bending is 5
- Such a steel sheet has sufficient formability that can be applied to processing such as press forming, and is excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance, which is a problem in increasing strength.
- the present invention greatly contributes to the development of industries, such as being able to contribute to solving global environmental problems through weight reduction of automobile bodies.
- a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter may be referred to as a steel sheet according to the present embodiment) will be described.
- the metallographic structure and chemical composition of the steel sheet according to this embodiment and the rolling and annealing conditions in the production method capable of producing the steel sheet efficiently, stably and economically will be described in detail below.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is not only a cold-rolled steel sheet having no plating layer on the surface, but also a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a hot-dip galvanized surface formed thereon, or an alloying having an alloyed hot-dip galvanized surface formed thereon. Including hot-dip galvanized steel sheets, these main conditions are common to high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheets and high-strength alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets.
- the steel sheet according to this embodiment (high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet, high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, high-strength galvannealed steel sheet) has a structure at a position of 1/4 (1/4 thickness) of the plate thickness from the surface. , Tempered martensite of 70.0% or more by volume ratio, retained austenite of more than 3.0% and less than 10.0%, ferrite and bainite of 25.0% or less in total, and 5.0% or less of Including martensite.
- the structure at a position of 25 ⁇ m from the surface contains, in volume ratio, a total of 70.0% or more of ferrite and bainite and a total of 30.0% or less of martensite and tempered martensite, and martensite and tempered.
- the average particle size of martensite is 5.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the structure at a position of 1 ⁇ 4 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction from the surface showing the typical structure of the steel plate is a tempered martensite-based structure, and 25 ⁇ m in the plate thickness direction from the surface.
- the structure in the surface layer portion at the position is a structure mainly composed of ferrite and bainite. That is, the steel sheet in the present embodiment has an inclined structure having different structure fractions at a position of 1/4 of the plate thickness and the surface layer portion.
- Such a graded structure can be achieved by securing an appropriate staying time during which only the surface layer undergoes ferrite or bainite transformation during annealing and cooling after appropriate decarburization during annealing heating. Detailed conditions will be described in detail in the description of the manufacturing conditions.
- the present inventors diligently studied to improve the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of high strength steel sheets.
- the structure of the surface layer part greatly affects the hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
- the volume ratio of ferrite and bainite is 70.0% or more in total, and the volume ratio of martensite and tempered martensite is 30.0 in total. %,
- the hydrogen embrittlement resistance is excellent.
- the volume fraction of ferrite and bainite at a position 25 ⁇ m from the surface is 70.0% or more in total, and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance is excellent.
- the volume ratio of ferrite and bainite is preferably 75.0% or more, and more preferably 80.0% or more.
- the volume fraction of ferrite and bainite may be 100%.
- hard martensite and tempered martensite in the structure of the surface layer portion not only harden the surface layer portion but also increase the starting point of cracking, and thus deteriorate the hydrogen embrittlement resistance. That is, the martensite and tempered martensite in the structure of the surface layer portion is small and needs to be finer.
- the volume ratio of martensite and tempered martensite is 30.0% or less as shown in FIG. 1B at a position of 25 ⁇ m from the surface in the thickness direction.
- the volume ratio of martensite and tempered martensite is preferably 25.0% or less, and more preferably 20.0% or less.
- the average particle size of martensite and tempered martensite is 5.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of martensite and tempered martensite is preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- Tempered martensite like martensite (so-called fresh martensite), is a collection of lath-like crystal grains, but is a hard structure containing fine iron-based carbides inside by tempering. Tempered martensite is obtained by tempering martensite generated by cooling after annealing or the like by heat treatment or the like. Tempered martensite is a structure that is not brittle and has ductility compared to martensite.
- the volume ratio of tempered martensite is 70.0% or more in order to improve strength and bendability. The volume ratio is preferably 75.0% or more, more preferably 80.0% or more.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite is more than 3.0% in the structure at a position of 1 ⁇ 4 of the plate thickness in the plate thickness direction from the surface.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite is preferably 3.5%, more preferably 4.0% or more.
- the volume ratio of a retained austenite shall be less than 10.0%.
- the volume fraction of retained austenite is preferably less than 8.0%, and more preferably less than 7.0%.
- Ferrite is a soft phase obtained by two-phase annealing or slow cooling after annealing. Ferrite improves the ductility of the steel sheet when mixed with a hard phase such as martensite. However, in order to achieve high strength of 1310 MPa or more, it is necessary to limit the volume fraction of ferrite. Bainite is a phase obtained by holding at 350 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower for a certain time after annealing. Since bainite is soft with respect to martensite, it has an effect of improving ductility. However, in order to achieve a high strength of 1310 MPa or more, it is necessary to limit the volume ratio like the above ferrite.
- the volume ratio of ferrite and bainite is 25.0% or less in total. Preferably it is 15.0% or less, More preferably, it is 10.0% or less.
- Martensite fresh martensite
- martensite is a collection of lath-like crystal grains generated by transformation from austenite during final cooling. Since martensite is hard and brittle, it tends to be a crack starting point during deformation and deteriorates bendability. For this reason, the volume ratio of martensite is 5.0% or less.
- the volume ratio of martensite is preferably 3.0 or less, and more preferably 2.0% or less.
- pearlite may be included as the remaining structure.
- pearlite is a structure having cementite in the structure and consumes C in the steel that contributes to the improvement of strength. Therefore, when the pearlite volume ratio is more than 5.0%, the strength of the steel sheet is lowered. Therefore, the volume ratio of pearlite is 5.0% or less.
- the volume ratio of pearlite is preferably 3.0% or less, and more preferably 1.0% or less.
- the volume ratio in the structure at a position 25 ⁇ m from the surface and the structure at a position 1/4 of the plate thickness from the surface of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is measured as follows. That is, the volume fraction of ferrite, bainite, martensite, tempered martensite, and pearlite is obtained by collecting a test piece from an arbitrary position with respect to the rolling direction and width direction of the steel sheet, and polishing a longitudinal section parallel to the rolling direction. At a position of 25 ⁇ m from the surface and a quarter of the plate thickness, the metal structure revealed by the nital etching is observed using an SEM.
- Bainite and tempered martensite can be further distinguished by carefully observing carbides in the grains.
- tempered martensite is composed of martensitic lath and cementite produced inside the lath.
- cementite constituting tempered martensite has a plurality of variants.
- bainite is classified into upper bainite and lower bainite. Since the upper bainite is composed of lath-shaped bainitic ferrite and cementite generated at the lath interface, it can be easily distinguished from tempered martensite.
- the lower bainite is composed of lath-shaped bainitic ferrite and cementite generated inside the lath.
- the crystal orientation relationship between bainitic ferrite and cementite is one type unlike tempered martensite, and cementite constituting the lower bainite has the same variant. Therefore, lower bainite and tempered martensite can be distinguished based on cementite variants.
- martensite cannot be distinguished from retained austenite by SEM observation. Therefore, the volume ratio of martensite is calculated by subtracting the volume ratio of retained austenite calculated by the method described later from the area ratio other than ferrite, bainite, tempered martensite, and pearlite. However, in the surface layer portion, the retained austenite is not generated because the C concentration is lowered by decarburization.
- the structure determined to be martensite or retained austenite by SEM observation is not distinguished from retained austenite and is determined to be martensite.
- the structure determined to be martensite or retained austenite by SEM observation is not distinguished from retained austenite and is determined to be martensite.
- ferrite and bainite are mainly composed of the structure, but martensite and tempered martensite are hard structures with respect to these structures. Therefore, the particle size of martensite and tempered martensite at the surface layer position of 25 ⁇ m does not distinguish between martensite and tempered martensite. Is calculated. Specifically, the average particle size of martensite and tempered martensite at a position of 25 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet according to this embodiment is obtained by the following method.
- Specimens are taken from arbitrary positions in the rolling direction and width direction of the steel sheet, the longitudinal section parallel to the rolling direction is polished, and at a position of 25 ⁇ m from the steel sheet surface and 1/4 of the sheet thickness, the nital The metal structure revealed by etching is observed using SEM.
- the circle equivalent average diameter of the structure determined to be the above-described martensite or tempered martensite was calculated by the cutting method described in JIS G 0551 (2013), and the average particle diameters of martensite and tempered martensite were calculated.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite was obtained by taking a test piece from an arbitrary position of the steel plate, chemically polishing the rolled surface from the steel plate surface to a position inside 1/4 of the plate thickness, and (200), (210 ) Quantify from area intensity and austenite (200), (220), and (311) area intensity.
- the volume ratio of retained austenite at a position of 25 ⁇ m from the surface can be measured by the same method as described above by chemically polishing the rolled surface from the steel sheet surface to the position of 25 ⁇ m of the plate thickness.
- the C concentration is lowered by decarburization in the surface layer portion, residual austenite is not substantially generated. Therefore, the volume ratio of retained austenite at a position 25 ⁇ m from the surface need not be measured.
- the tensile strength (TS) is set to 1310 MPa or more as the strength contributing to the weight reduction of the automobile body.
- the strength of the steel sheet is preferably 1400 MPa or more, more preferably 1470 MPa or more.
- the uniform elongation (uEl) is 5.0% or more. In order to improve the moldability, the uniform elongation (uEl) is more preferably 5.5% or more.
- the ratio (R / t) of the critical bending radius R and the plate thickness t in 90 ° V bending is 5.0 or less.
- (R / t) is preferably 4.0 or less, and more preferably 3.0 or less.
- Tensile strength (TS) and uniform elongation (uEl) are determined by collecting JIS No. 5 tensile test specimens perpendicular to the rolling direction from a steel sheet and conducting a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 (2011).
- the C content is more than 0.140%. Preferably it exceeds 0.160%, more preferably it exceeds 0.180%.
- the C content is 0.400% or more, the weldability deteriorates and the ratio (R / t) of the critical bending radius R and the plate thickness t in 90 ° V bending deteriorates. Also, the hydrogen embrittlement resistance is deteriorated. Therefore, the C content is less than 0.400%. Preferably it is less than 0.350%, more preferably less than 0.300%.
- Si more than 0.35% and less than 1.50% Si is an element useful for increasing the strength of a steel sheet by solid solution strengthening. Further, Si suppresses the formation of cementite and thus has an effect of promoting the concentration of C in austenite, and is an essential element for generating residual austenite after annealing.
- the Si content is more than 0.35%. Preferably it is more than 0.40%, more preferably more than 0.45%.
- the Si content is less than 1.50%.
- the Si content is preferably less than 1.25%, more preferably less than 1.00%, still more preferably 0.90% or less or 0.85% or less. In particular, when the Si content is less than 1.00%, plating adhesion is improved.
- Mn more than 1.50% and less than 4.00% Mn has an effect of improving the hardenability of steel and is an effective element for obtaining the above metal structure.
- Mn content is 1.50% or less, it is difficult to obtain the above metal structure. In this case, the tensile strength cannot be achieved. Therefore, the Mn content is more than 1.50%.
- the Mn content is preferably more than 1.75%, more preferably more than 2.00%, even more preferably more than 2.25%.
- the Mn content is 4.00% or more, the bendability is impaired due to segregation of Mn.
- the Mn content is less than 4.00%.
- the Mn content is preferably less than 3.50%, more preferably less than 3.20%, and even more preferably less than 3.00%.
- P 0.100% or less
- P is an element contained in the steel as an impurity, and is an element that segregates at the grain boundary and embrittles the steel. For this reason, the smaller the P content, the more preferable it may be 0%.
- the P content is set to 0.100% or less in consideration of the P removal time and cost. Preferably it is 0.020% or less, More preferably, it is 0.015% or less.
- S 0.010% or less
- S is an element contained in steel as an impurity, and forms sulfide inclusions to deteriorate bendability. For this reason, the smaller the S content, the more preferable it may be 0%. However, considering the removal time and cost of S, the S content is set to 0.010% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.005% or less, more preferably 0.003% or less, and still more preferably 0.001% or less.
- Al 0.100% or less
- Al is an element having an action of deoxidizing molten steel.
- Al is contained for the purpose of deoxidation, it is preferably 0.005% or more, more preferably 0.010% or more in order to ensure deoxidation.
- Al like Si, has the effect of increasing the stability of austenite, and is an element effective for obtaining the above metal structure, so Al may be contained.
- the Al content is too high, not only surface flaws due to alumina are likely to occur, but also the transformation point greatly increases and the volume fraction of ferrite increases. In this case, it becomes difficult to obtain the metal structure, and the tensile strength cannot be achieved. Therefore, the Al content is 0.100% or less.
- the Al content is preferably 0.050% or less, more preferably 0.040% or less, and still more preferably 0.030% or less.
- Al is not necessarily contained and may be 0%.
- N 0.0100% or less
- N is an element contained in steel as an impurity, and is an element that generates coarse precipitates and deteriorates bendability. Therefore, the N content is 0.0100% or less. Preferably it is 0.0060% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0050% or less. The smaller the N content, the better and may be 0%.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment contains the above-mentioned elements, and the balance may be Fe and impurities. However, one or two or more kinds of elements that affect the strength and bendability listed below are used as optional elements. May further be contained. However, since these elements do not necessarily need to be contained, the lower limit of each is 0%.
- Ti less than 0.050%, Nb: less than 0.050%, V: 0.50% or less Ti, Nb, and V have an effect of improving steel plate strength by precipitation hardening. Therefore, these elements may be contained.
- the lower limit of the Ti and Nb contents is preferably 0.001%, and the lower limit of the V content is preferably 0.01%.
- the lower limit of the Ti and Nb contents is more preferably 0.005%, and the lower limit of the V content is 0.05%. It is not essential to obtain the above effects. For this reason, it is not necessary to restrict
- the Ti content is less than 0.050%, the Nb content is less than 0.050%, and the V content is 0.50% or less.
- the Ti content is preferably less than 0.030%, more preferably less than 0.020%.
- the Nb content is preferably less than 0.030%, more preferably less than 0.020%.
- the V content is preferably 0.30% or less.
- Cr 1.00% or less
- Mo 0.50% or less
- B 0.0100% or less Cr
- Mo and B have the effect of improving the hardenability of steel and affecting the strength. It is an element effective for obtaining a metal structure. Therefore, these elements may be contained.
- the lower limit of the Cr and Mo contents is 0.01% and the lower limit of the B content is 0.0001%. More preferable lower limits are 0.05% for Cr and Mo, and 0.0010% for B. It is not essential to obtain the above effects. For this reason, it is not necessary to restrict
- the Cr content is 1.00% or less, the Mo content is 0.50% or less, and the B content is 0.0100% or less.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.50% or less, the Mo content is preferably 0.20% or less, and the B content is preferably 0.0030% or less.
- Ca, Mg, and REM are solidified by adjusting the shape of inclusions. Both are elements that have the effect of improving strength and bendability by refining the structure. Therefore, these elements may be contained.
- the lower limit of the Ca and Mg contents is preferably 0.0001%, and the lower limit of the REM and Bi contents is preferably 0.005%. More preferable lower limits are 0.0008% for Ca and Mg, and 0.0007% for REM and Bi. It is not essential to obtain the above effects.
- the Ca content is 0.0100% or less
- the Mg content is 0.0100% or less
- the REM content is 0.0500% or less
- the Bi content is 0.050% or less.
- the Ca content is 0.0020% or less
- the Mg content is 0.0020% or less
- the REM content is 0.0020% or less
- the Bi content is 0.010% or less.
- REM means a rare earth element and is a generic name for a total of 17 elements of Sc, Y and lanthanoid, and the REM content is the total content of these elements.
- a hot dip galvanized layer may be provided on the surface. Corrosion resistance is improved by providing a plating layer on the surface. If there is a concern about perforation due to corrosion, automotive steel sheets may not be thinned below a certain thickness even if the strength is increased.
- One of the objectives of increasing the strength of a steel sheet is to reduce the weight by making it thinner, so even if a high-strength steel sheet is developed, the application site is limited if the corrosion resistance is low.
- plating such as hot dip galvanization with high corrosion resistance to the steel sheet. Since the steel plate according to the present embodiment controls the steel plate components as described above, hot dip galvanization is possible.
- the hot dip galvanized layer may be an alloyed hot dip galvanized layer.
- the steel sheet according to this embodiment can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including the following steps (I) to (IX).
- (III) The cold-rolled steel sheet is averaged at a temperature of 800 ° C. or more in an atmosphere containing hydrogen and nitrogen having a dew point of ⁇ 20 ° C. to 20 ° C. and 1.0% by volume to 20% by volume.
- An annealing process that heats and anneals, (IV) After the annealing, a first cooling step of cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet to a temperature range of more than 425 ° C. and less than 600 ° C., (V) After the first cooling step, the holding step of allowing the cold-rolled steel sheet to stay in the temperature range of more than 425 ° C and less than 600 ° C for 250 seconds or more and 750 seconds or less, (VI) a second cooling step for cooling the cold-rolled steel sheet to a temperature of 50 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower after the holding step; (VII) A tempering step in which after the second cooling step, the cold-rolled steel sheet is tempered at a temperature of 250 ° C.
- the cast slab having the above-described chemical composition is heated and hot rolled to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet.
- the temperature of the casting slab is high, it may be used for hot rolling as it is without being cooled to near room temperature.
- the conditions for hot rolling are not limited, but it is preferable to heat to 1100 ° C. or higher and perform hot rolling so that the finish rolling exit temperature is not lower than the Ar3 transformation point. If the heating temperature is less than 1100 ° C., homogenization of the material tends to be insufficient.
- the hot rolled steel sheet after hot rolling may be wound into a coil shape.
- the coiling temperature is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 650 ° C., the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet becomes a coarse ferrite-pearlite structure, the metal structure of the steel sheet after annealing becomes nonuniform, and the bendability deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit of the winding temperature is preferably 650 ° C. or less.
- the coiling temperature is preferably 600 ° C.
- the coiling temperature is less than 500 ° C, the strength of the hot-rolled steel sheet increases and the load during cold rolling increases, so the coiling temperature is preferably 500 ° C or higher.
- softening heat treatment such as BAF may be performed before cold rolling.
- the hot-rolled hot-rolled steel sheet is descaled by pickling or the like and then cold-rolled to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- Cold rolling (cold rolling) conditions are not particularly limited, but bendability is improved by promoting recrystallization and making the metal structure after cold rolling and annealing uniform. Therefore, the cold pressure rate (cumulative reduction rate) is preferably 40% or more.
- the cold rolling rate is preferably 45% or more, and more preferably 50% or more. If the cold pressure ratio is too high, the rolling load increases and rolling becomes difficult. Therefore, the cold pressure ratio is preferably less than 70%.
- the cold rolling rate is preferably less than 65%, and more preferably less than 60%.
- the steel sheet after the cold rolling process is annealed after being subjected to a treatment such as degreasing according to a known method as necessary.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment contains Si. Therefore, the furnace atmosphere is controlled during annealing and heating in order to internally oxidize Si and Mn from the viewpoint of chemical conversion property of the steel sheet or plating adhesion.
- the atmosphere in the furnace contains hydrogen having a dew point of ⁇ 20 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or less and 1.0 volume% or more and 20 volume% or less, with the balance being nitrogen and impurities.
- a nitrogen-hydrogen mixed atmosphere is used.
- the upper limit of the Si content is limited in consideration of plating adhesion and the like. Therefore, in the chemical composition of the steel sheet according to the present embodiment, a preferable surface layer structure cannot be obtained unless the temperature history after annealing is controlled.
- the soaking temperature in the annealing step is set to 800 ° C. or higher. If the soaking temperature is less than 800 ° C., the volume fraction of ferrite at a position 1/4 from the surface increases, and the ratio of tempered martensite is insufficient. It becomes difficult to ensure the ratio of t (R / t).
- the soaking temperature is preferably 820 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 840 ° C. or higher. The higher the soaking temperature, the easier it is to secure the strength. However, if the soaking temperature is too high, the production cost increases, so the soaking temperature is preferably 900 ° C. or lower. 880 ° C. or lower is more preferable, and 870 ° C. or lower is further preferable.
- the soaking time is preferably 30 to 450 seconds. If the soaking time is less than 30 seconds, austenitization does not proceed sufficiently, so the soaking time is preferably 30 seconds or more. On the other hand, if the soaking time exceeds 450 seconds, the productivity is lowered, so the soaking time is preferably 450 seconds or less.
- the heating rate from 700 ° C. to the soaking temperature is preferably less than 10.0 ° C./s. More preferably, it is less than 8.0 ° C./s, and further preferably less than 5.0 ° C./s.
- the tensile strength is lowered and the ratio (R / t) of the critical bending radius R and the plate thickness t at 90 ° V bending is deteriorated.
- the strength is ensured by the presence of sufficient tempered martensite at the 1/4 position of the plate thickness from the surface of the steel plate. In bainite, sufficient strength cannot be obtained.
- the cooling stop temperature and the subsequent holding temperature are 600 ° C. or higher, the ferrite fraction becomes high at the central portion of the steel sheet, and the volume ratio of tempered martensite decreases.
- the cooling stop temperature and the holding temperature are more than 425 ° C. and less than 600 ° C.
- the holding temperature is preferably higher than 440 ° C. and lower than 580 ° C., more preferably higher than 450 ° C. and lower than 560 ° C. Within this temperature range, there is no problem even if the temperature is changed during the staying time.
- FIG. 1A shows the relationship between the volume ratio of ferrite and bainite and the staying time at temperatures above 425 ° C. and below 600 ° C. at a depth of 25 ⁇ m (surface layer portion) from the surface of the steel sheet.
- FIG. 1B shows the relationship between the volume ratio of martensite and tempered martensite at 25 ⁇ m depth position (surface layer portion) from the surface of the steel sheet, and the residence time above 425 ° C. and below 600 ° C.
- FIG. 1A shows the relationship between the volume ratio of ferrite and bainite and the staying time at temperatures above 425 ° C. and below 600 ° C. at a depth of 25 ⁇ m (surface layer portion) from the surface of the steel sheet.
- FIG. 1B shows the relationship between the volume ratio of martensite and tempered martensite at 25 ⁇ m depth position (surface layer portion) from the surface of the steel sheet, and the residence time above 425 ° C. and below 600 ° C.
- 1C shows the relationship between the martensite and tempered martensite particle size and the residence time above 425 ° C. and below 600 ° C.
- 1A to 1C also show the hydrogen embrittlement resistance at that time.
- the residence time is less than 250 seconds, the ferrite transformation and bainite transformation of the surface layer does not proceed, and the untransformed austenite becomes martensite and tempered martensite after final cooling.
- the volume ratio of the site and tempered martensite increase, but the particle size also increases.
- the lower limit of the stay time of over 425 ° C.
- the staying time is preferably 300 seconds or longer, and more preferably 350 seconds or longer.
- the Si content is limited from the viewpoint of plating adhesion, and it is difficult to obtain a surface decarburized layer.
- a stay time of 250 seconds or more in a temperature range of more than 425 ° C. and less than 600 ° C. By holding in such a manner, only the surface layer portion can cause bainite transformation.
- the upper limit of the stay time exceeding 425 ° C. and less than 600 ° C. is set to 750 seconds or less.
- the staying time is preferably 650 seconds or less, and more preferably 550 seconds or less.
- the furnace atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere from the viewpoint of chemical conversion treatment of the steel sheet or plating adhesion.
- Hot galvanizing process When manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet (hot-dip galvanized steel sheet) provided with hot-dip galvanizing on the surface, the hot-rolled galvanizing may be performed by immersing the cold-rolled steel sheet in a hot-dipping bath during the holding step. Moreover, when manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet (alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet) having an alloyed hot-dip galvanized surface, the alloying treatment is performed after the hot-dip galvanized process, and the plating is made as alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel. Also good.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet after the hot-dip galvanizing process or the cold-rolled steel sheet after the hot-dip galvanizing process and the alloying process is subjected to 50 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower. And then tempering at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower for 1 second or longer.
- the cooling stop temperature in the second cooling step is more than 250 ° C., the martensite transformation becomes insufficient, the volume ratio of martensite that has not been tempered increases, and the bendability deteriorates.
- the cooling stop temperature in the second cooling step is less than 50 ° C., no retained austenite remains and ductility deteriorates. Therefore, the cooling stop temperature is set to 50 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less.
- the cooling stop temperature is preferably 75 ° C. or higher and 225 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower. In the subsequent tempering process, if the tempering temperature is higher than 350 ° C., the steel sheet strength is lowered.
- the tempering temperature is 350 ° C. or lower.
- the tempering temperature is preferably 330 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 310 ° C. or lower.
- the tempering temperature is 200 ° C. or higher.
- the tempering temperature is preferably 250 ° C. or higher, more preferably 260 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 270 ° C. or higher.
- the tempering time may be 1 second or longer, but is preferably 5 seconds or longer and more preferably 10 seconds or longer for performing a stable tempering treatment.
- tempering time is preferably 90 seconds or less, and more preferably 60 seconds or less, because the steel sheet strength may be reduced by tempering for a long time.
- [Third cooling step] The cold-rolled steel sheet after the tempering step is cooled to a temperature at which skin pass rolling is possible (third cooling step), and then subjected to skin pass rolling (skin pass step).
- the cooling after annealing is water spray cooling using water, dip cooling, air-water cooling, etc., removal of the oxide film formed by contact with water at high temperature and chemical conversion treatment of the steel sheet
- the trace amount means a plating amount of about 3 to 30 mg / m 2 on the steel sheet surface.
- the shape of the steel sheet can be adjusted by skin pass rolling.
- the elongation of skin pass rolling is preferably 0.1% or more. More preferably, it is 0.2% or more, More preferably, it is 0.3% or more.
- the elongation rate of skin pass rolling is preferably 1.0% or less.
- the elongation is more preferably 0.8% or less, further preferably 0.6% or less, and further preferably 0.5% or less.
- the heating rate from 700 ° C. to the soaking temperature during annealing was set to less than 5.0 ° C./s. After annealing, it was cooled to a temperature shown in Table 2A at 10 ° C./s, and stayed between 425 ° C. and less than 600 ° C.
- hot dip galvanizing and alloying was performed during holding.
- Table 2C CR is a cold-rolled steel sheet that is not galvanized, GI is a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, and GA is an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet. The alloyed hot dip galvanized steel sheet was alloyed at a temperature of less than 600 ° C.
- the temperature during the staying time of more than 425 ° C. and less than 600 ° C. is constant. However, as long as it is within this temperature range as described above, there is no problem even if the temperature is changed during the staying time.
- a skin pass of 0.1% or higher after holding, after cooling at 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. at 10 ° C./s or higher, after performing heat treatment for 1 second to 90 seconds and then cooling to 50 ° C., a skin pass of 0.1% or higher Rolled.
- the tempering temperature was 250 to 350 ° C. for test numbers 1 to 33, and 200 ° C. for test number 34.
- Ni plating of about 3 to 30 mg / m 2 was performed on the steel plate surface following pickling before skin pass rolling.
- a specimen for SEM observation was collected as described above, and after polishing a longitudinal section parallel to the rolling direction, the steel sheet surface was 25 ⁇ m position and 1/4 of the sheet thickness.
- the metal structure at the position was observed, and the volume ratio of each structure was measured by image processing.
- a specimen for X-ray diffraction was collected, and the volume fraction of retained austenite was measured by X-ray diffraction on the surface chemically polished from the surface layer to 1 ⁇ 4 thickness as described above.
- the average particle diameter of the martensite and tempered martensite of a 25 micrometer position from the steel plate surface was measured.
- Tensile strength (TS) and uniform elongation (uEl) are obtained by collecting JIS No. 5 tensile test specimens from an annealed steel sheet in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction and conducting a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241 (2011). It was.
- Tables 2B and 2C show the metal structure observation results and mechanical property investigation results of the annealed steel sheets. All of the steels of the present invention have a TS of 1310 MPa or more, a uEl of 5.0% or more, a critical bending radius (R / t) of 5.0 or less, and good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.
- R / t critical bending radius
- the hydrogen embrittlement resistance and the tensile strength are controlled by appropriately controlling the heat treatment conditions during annealing while controlling the Si content and controlling the metal structure at the 1/4 thickness position from the steel sheet surface. A balance was achieved.
- the tensile strength (TS) is 1310 MPa or more
- the uniform elongation is 5.0% or more
- the ratio (R / t) of the critical bending radius R to the sheet thickness t in 90 ° V bending is 5.0 or less.
- a high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance and a method for producing the same are obtained.
- Such a steel sheet has sufficient formability that can be applied to processing such as press forming, and is excellent in hydrogen embrittlement resistance, which is a problem in increasing strength. For this reason, the present invention greatly contributes to the development of industries, such as being able to contribute to solving global environmental problems through weight reduction of automobile bodies.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2018年03月19日に、日本に出願された特願2018-051020号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
しかしながら、特許文献1の発明は、強度レベルが1310MPa未満と低い。そのため、より高強度化を目指す場合には、それに伴って劣化する耐水素脆化特性や加工性をより向上させる必要がある。また、特許文献2の発明は、焼き入れ時の冷却において一気に室温付近まで冷却するので残留オーステナイトが少なく、高い均一伸びが得られない(成形性が低い)という課題がある。
本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、その課題は、高強度鋼板で課題となる成形性、耐水素脆化特性を高いレベルで両立した高強度鋼板、即ち引張強度(TS)が1310MPa以上、均一伸びが5.0%以上、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が5.0以下であり、さらに耐水素脆化特性に優れる高強度冷延鋼板およびその製造方法を提供することである。
本発明において、高強度冷延鋼板とは、表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層または合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層を有する高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板、高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を含む。
本発明は上記の知見に基づいてなされた。本発明の要旨は、以下のとおりである。
表面から板厚の1/4の位置における組織が、体積率で、70.0%以上の焼戻しマルテンサイトと、3.0%超10.0%未満の残留オーステナイトと、合計で25.0%以下のフェライトおよびベイナイトと、5.0%以下のマルテンサイトと、を含み、前記表面から25μmの位置における組織が、体積率で、合計で70%以上のフェライトおよびベイナイトと、合計で30%以下のマルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトと、を含み、前記表面から25μmの位置において、前記マルテンサイトおよび前記焼戻しマルテンサイトの平均粒径が5.0μm以下であり、引張強度が1310MPa以上であり、均一伸びが5.0%以上であり、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比であるR/tが5.0以下である、高強度冷延鋼板。
(2)上記(1)に記載の高強度冷延鋼板では、前記化学組成が、質量%で、Ti:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、Nb:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、V:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、Cr:0.01%以上、1.00%以下、Mo:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、B:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、Ca:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、Mg:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、REM:0.005%以上、0.0500%以下、およびBi:0.005%以上、0.050%以下、からなる1種または2種以上を含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の高強度冷延鋼板では、前記表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層を備てもよい。
(4)上記(3)に記載の高強度冷延鋼板では、前記溶融亜鉛めっき層は、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層であってもよい。
(5)本発明の別の態様に係る高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法は、質量%で、C:0.140%超、0.400%未満、Si:0.35%超、1.50%未満、Mn:1.50%超、4.00%未満、P:0.100%以下、S:0.010%以下 、Al:0.100%以下およびN:0.0100%以下、Ti:0%以上、0.050%未満、Nb:0%以上、0.050%未満、V:0%以上、0.50%以下、Cr:0%以上、1.00%以下、Mo:0%以上、0.50%以下、B:0%以上、0.0100%以下、Ca:0%以上、0.0100%以下、Mg:0%以上、0.0100%以下、REM:0%以上、0.0500%以下、Bi:0%以上、0.050%以下、を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる化学組成を有する鋳造スラブを、直接または一旦冷却した後加熱して、熱間圧延して熱延鋼板とする熱間圧延工程と、前記熱延鋼板を、酸洗し、冷間圧延を行って冷延鋼板とする冷延工程と、前記冷延鋼板を、露点が-20℃以上20℃以下でかつ、窒素と1.0体積%以上20体積%以下の水素とを含有する雰囲気下で、800℃以上の温度で均熱して焼鈍する焼鈍工程と、前記焼鈍工程後、前記冷延鋼板を425℃超、600℃未満の温度域まで冷却する第1冷却工程と、前記第1冷却工程後、前記冷延鋼板を425℃超、600℃未満の前記温度域に250秒以上750秒以下滞在させる保持工程と、前記保持工程後に、前記冷延鋼板を50℃以上250℃以下の温度まで冷却する第2冷却工程と、前記第2冷却工程後に、前記冷延鋼板に250℃以上350℃以下の温度で1秒以上焼戻しを行う焼戻し工程と、
前記焼戻し工程後、スキンパス圧延可能な温度まで冷却する第3冷却工程と、
前記第3冷却工程後の前記冷延鋼板にスキンパス圧延を施すスキンパス工程と、
を備える。
(6)上記(5)に記載の高強度冷延鋼板では、前記化学組成が、質量%で、Ti:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、Nb:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、V:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、Cr:0.01%以上、1.00%以下、Mo:0.01%以上、0.50%以下およびB:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、Ca:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、Mg:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、REM:0.005%以上、0.0500%以下およびBi:0.005%以上、0.050%以下からなる1種または2種以上を含有してもよい。
(7)上記(5)または(6)に記載の高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法では、前記保持工程が、前記冷延鋼板に溶融亜鉛めっきを施す溶融亜鉛めっき工程を含んでもよい。
(8)上記(7)に記載の高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法では、前記保持工程の前記溶融亜鉛めっき工程の後に、合金化処理を行う合金化工程を含んでもよい。
本実施形態に係る鋼板における金属組織、化学組成およびその鋼板を効率的、安定的かつ経済的に製造しうる製造方法における圧延、焼鈍条件等について以下に詳述する。本実施形態に係る鋼板は、表面にめっき層を有しない冷延鋼板だけでなく、表面に溶融亜鉛めっきが形成された溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板、または表面に合金化溶融亜鉛めっきが形成された合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板を含み、これらの主要条件は高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板、高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板にも共通である。
本実施形態に係る鋼板の金属組織の説明において、組織分率は体積率で表す。従って、特に断りなければ「%」は「体積%」を表す。
また、表面から25μmの位置における組織が、体積率で、合計で70.0%以上のフェライトおよびベイナイトと、合計で30.0%以下のマルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトとを含み、マルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトの平均粒径が5.0μm以下である。
本発明者らは、高強度鋼板の耐水素脆化特性を改善すべく、鋭意検討した。その結果、表層部の組織が、耐水素脆化特性に大きく影響していることを見出した。具体的には、鋼板の表面から板厚方向に25μmの位置において、フェライトおよびベイナイトの体積率が合計で70.0%以上であり、マルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率が合計で30.0%以下であり、さらにマルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトの平均粒径が5.0μm以下であれば、耐水素脆化特性に優れることが分かった。このような組織とすることで、耐水素脆化特性が向上する詳細なメカニズムについては明らかではないが、以下の理由が考えられる。すなわち、耐水素脆化特性評価における予歪での曲げ変形に一番変形が偏るのは鋼板表面であるが、その鋼板表面が軟質であること、割れの起点となる表層部の硬質相が低減され、かつ微細均一化されて割れ起点が少なくなっていること、によって水素脆化が抑制されると考えられる。
また、表層部の組織における硬質なマルテンサイトや焼戻しマルテンサイトは、表層部を硬くするだけでなく、割れの起点を増加させるので、耐水素脆化特性を劣化させる。すなわち、表層部の組織におけるマルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトは少なく、さらに微細である必要がある。よって表面から板厚方向に25μmの位置において、マルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率は、図1Bに示すように30.0%以下とする。マルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率は、25.0%以下が好ましく、20.0%以下がより好ましい。
焼戻しマルテンサイトはマルテンサイト(いわゆるフレッシュマルテンサイト)と同様にラス状の結晶粒の集合であるが、焼戻しにより内部に微細な鉄系炭化物を含む硬質な組織である。焼戻しマルテンサイトは、焼鈍後の冷却等により生成したマルテンサイトを熱処理等により焼戻すことで得られる。
焼戻しマルテンサイトは、マルテンサイトに比して、脆くなく、延性を有する組織である。本実施形態に係る鋼板では、強度と曲げ性とを向上させるため、焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率を70.0%以上とする。好ましくは体積率で75.0%以上、さらに好ましくは80.0%以上である。
一方、残留オーステナイトの体積率が過剰になると、残留オーステナイトの粒径が大きくなり、変形後に粗大かつ硬質なマルテンサイトとなる。この場合、割れの起点が発生しやすくなり、曲げ性が劣化する。このため、残留オーステナイトの体積率は、10.0%未満とする。残留オーステナイトの体積率は、8.0%未満が好ましく、7.0%未満がより好ましい。
また、ベイナイトは焼鈍後に350℃以上、550℃以下に一定時間保持することで得られる相である。ベイナイトは、マルテンサイトに対して軟質であるので延性を向上させる効果があるが、1310MPa以上の高強度を達成するためには、上記のフェライト同様に体積率を制限する必要がある。
具体的には、焼戻しマルテンサイトは、マルテンサイトラスと、ラス内部に生成したセメンタイトとから構成される。このとき、マルテンサイトラス及びセメンタイトの結晶方位関係は2種類以上存在するので、焼戻しマルテンサイトを構成するセメンタイトは複数のバリアントを持つ。一方で、ベイナイトは、上部ベイナイトと下部ベイナイトに分類される。上部ベイナイトは、ラス状のベイニティックフェライトと、ラス界面に生成したセメンタイトから構成されるため、焼戻しマルテンサイトとは容易に区別できる。下部ベイナイトは、ラス状のベイニティックフェライトと、ラス内部に生成したセメンタイトから構成される。このとき、ベイニティックフェライト及びセメンタイトの結晶方位関係は、焼戻しマルテンサイトとは異なり1種類であり、下部ベイナイトを構成するセメンタイトは同一のバリアントを持つ。従って、下部ベイナイトと焼戻しマルテンサイトとは、セメンタイトのバリアントに基づいて区別できる。
一方、マルテンサイトは、SEM観察では残留オーステナイトと区別できない。そのため、マルテンサイトの体積率は、フェライト、ベイナイト、焼戻しマルテンサイト、パーライト以外の面積率から、後述する方法で算出した残留オーステナイトの体積率を減じることで、体積率を算出する。
ただし、表層部については、脱炭によりC濃度が低くなるため、残留オーステナイトは生成しない。そのため、表層部では、SEM観察でマルテンサイトまたは残留オーステナイトであると判断された組織は、残留オーステナイトと区別せず、マルテンサイトであると判断する。
また実施形態に係る鋼板では、表層25μm位置においては、フェライトおよびベイナイトが主体の組織となるが、これら組織に対して、マルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトは硬質な組織となる。
よって、表層25μm位置におけるマルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトの粒径は、マルテンサイトと焼戻しマルテンサイトを区別せず、マルテンサイト、焼戻しマルテンサイトあるいはマルテンサイトと焼戻しマルテンサイトが混在した粒の円相当粒径を算出する。
具体的には、本実施形態に係る鋼板の、表面から25μmの位置におけるマルテンサイト及び焼戻しマルテンサイトの平均粒径は、以下の方法で求める。
鋼板の圧延方向、幅方向に対し任意の位置から試験片を採取し、圧延方向に平行な縦断面を研磨し、鋼板表面から25μmの位置、及び板厚の1/4の位置において、ナイタールエッチングにより現出した金属組織をSEMを用いて観察する。この組織に対し、JIS G 0551(2013)に記載の切断法によって上述したマルテンサイトまたや焼戻しマルテンサイトと判断される組織の円相当平均径を算出し、マルテンサイト及び焼戻しマルテンサイトの平均粒径とする。
表面から25μmの位置の残留オーステナイトの体積率は、鋼板表面から板厚の25μmの位置まで圧延面を化学研磨し、上記と同じ方法で測定できる。しかしながら、上述したように、表層部については、脱炭によりC濃度が低くなるため、残留オーステナイトは実質的には生成しない。そのため、表面から25μmの位置における残留オーステナイトの体積率は、測定しなくてもよい。
[90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が5.0以下]
本実施形態に係る鋼板では、自動車の車体軽量化に寄与する強度として、引張強度(TS)を1310MPa以上とする。衝撃吸収性の観点からすると、鋼板の強度は、好ましくは1400MPa以上であり、より好ましくは1470MPa以上である。
また、成形性の観点より、均一伸び(uEl)は5.0%以上とする。成形性をより良くするために、均一伸び(uEl)はより好ましくは5.5%以上である。また、成形性の観点で、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)は、5.0以下とする。(R/t)は、成形性をより良くするために、好ましくは4.0以下であり、より好ましくは3.0以下である。
また、限界曲げ半径(R)については、90°V曲げ金型を用いて、0.5mmピッチで半径Rを変化させて、割れが起こらない最少曲げRを求め、板厚tで割ることにより求める。
次に、本実施形態に係る鋼板が有する化学組成について説明する。以下、化学組成における各元素の含有量を示す「%」とはすべて質量%を意味する。
C含有量が0.140%以下では上記の金属組織を得ることが困難となり、引張強度が達成できなくなる。また90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)の悪化を招く。したがって、C含有量は0.140%超とする。好ましくは0.160%超、さらに好ましくは0.180%超である。
一方、C含有量が0.400%以上では溶接性が劣化するとともに90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が劣化する。また耐水素脆化特性も劣化する。したがって、C含有量は0.400%未満とする。好ましくは0.350%未満、さらに好ましくは、0.300%未満である。
Siは固溶強化により鋼板の強度を増大させるのに有用な元素である。また、Siはセメンタイトの生成を抑制するため、オーステナイト中へのCの濃化を促進させる効果をもち、焼鈍後に残留オーステナイトを生成させるのに必須の元素である。Si含有量が0.35%以下では上記作用による効果を得ることが困難となり、均一伸び達成が困難となる上に耐水素脆化特性が劣化する。したがって、Si含有量は0.35%超とする。好ましくは0.40%超、さらに好ましくは0.45%超である。
一方、Si含有量が1.50%以上であると、焼鈍加熱時のオーステナイト変態が遅くなり、十分にフェライトからオーステナイトへの変態が起こらない場合がある。この場合、焼鈍後に組織にフェライトが過剰に残存し、目標とする引張強度が達成できなくなる。また、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が劣化する。また、Si含有量が1.50%以上であると、鋼板の表面性状が劣化する。さらに、化成処理性およびめっき性が著しく劣化する。したがって、Si含有量は1.50%未満とする。Si含有量は、好ましくは1.25%未満、より好ましくは1.00%未満、さらに好ましくは0.90%以下または0.85%以下である。特にSi含有量を1.00%未満とすることで、めっき密着性が向上する。
Mnは、鋼の焼入性を向上させる作用を有し、上記の金属組織を得るのに有効な元素である。Mn含有量が1.50%以下では上記の金属組織を得ることが困難となる。この場合、引張強度が達成できなくなる。したがって、Mn含有量は1.50%超とする。Mn含有量は、好ましくは1.75%超、より好ましくは2.00%超、さらに好ましくは2.25%超である。
一方、Mn含有量が4.00%以上では、Mnの偏析により曲げ性が損なわれる。また、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が劣化し、耐水素脆化特性も劣化する。さらには、素材コストの上昇を招く。したがって、Mn含有量は4.00%未満とする。Mn含有量は、好ましくは3.50%未満、より好ましくは3.20%未満、さらに好ましくは3.00%未満である。
Pは、不純物として鋼中に含有される元素であり、粒界に偏析して鋼を脆化させる元素である。このため、P含有量は少ないほど好ましく0%でもよいが、Pの除去時間、コストも考慮してP含有量は0.100%以下とする。好ましくは0.020%以下であり、より好ましくは0.015%以下である。
Sは、不純物として鋼中に含有される元素であり、硫化物系介在物を形成して曲げ性を劣化させる。このため、S含有量は少ないほど好ましく0%でもよいが、Sの除去時間、コストも考慮してS含有量は0.010%以下とする。S含有量は、好ましくは0.005%以下、より好ましくは0.003%以下、さらに好ましくは0.001%以下である。
Alは、溶鋼を脱酸する作用を有する元素である。脱酸目的でAlを含有させる場合は、確実に脱酸するために0.005%以上が好ましく、0.010%以上がさらに好ましい。また、Alは、Siと同様にオーステナイトの安定性を高める作用を有し、上記の金属組織を得るのに有効な元素であるので、含有させても良い。
一方、Al含有量が高すぎると、アルミナに起因する表面疵が発生しやすくなるばかりか、変態点が大きく上昇し、フェライトの体積率が多くなる。この場合、上記の金属組織を得ることが困難となり、引張強度が達成できなくなる。したがって、Al含有量は0.100%以下とする。Al含有量は、好ましくは0.050%以下、より好ましくは0.040%以下、さらに好ましくは0.030%以下である。本実施形態に係る鋼板においては、Alと同様に脱酸作用を有するSiを含有させるため、Alは必ずしも含有させる必要はなく0%でもよい。
Nは、不純物として鋼中に含有される元素であり、粗大な析出物を生成して曲げ性を劣化させる元素である。したがって、N含有量は0.0100%以下とする。好ましくは0.0060%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.0050%以下である。N含有量は少ないほど好ましく0%でもよい。
Ti、NbおよびVは、析出硬化により鋼板強度を向上させる作用を有する。したがって、これらの元素を含有させてもよい。上記の効果を十分に得るためには、Ti、Nb含有量の下限は、0.001%、Vの含有量の下限は0.01%とするのが好ましい。より好ましいTi、Nb含有量の下限は0.005%、Vの含有量の下限は0.05%である。上記の効果を得ることは必須でない。このため、Ti、Nb、Vの含有量の下限を特に制限する必要はなく、それらの下限は0%である。
しかしながらこれらの元素を過剰に含有させると、再結晶温度が上昇し、冷延鋼板の金属組織が不均一化し、曲げ性が損なわれる。
したがって、含有させる場合でも、Ti含有量は0.050%未満、Nb含有量は0.050%未満、V含有量は0.50%以下とする。Ti含有量は好ましくは0.030%未満、より好ましくは0.020%未満である。Nb含有量は好ましくは0.030%未満、より好ましくは0.020%未満である。V含有量は好ましくは0.30%以下である。
Cr、MoおよびBは、鋼の焼入性を向上させ、強度に影響を与える作用を有し、上記の金属組織を得るのに有効な元素である。したがって、これらの元素を含有させてもよい。上記の効果を十分に得るためには、Cr、Moの含有量の下限を0.01%、Bの含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることが好ましい。より好ましい下限は、Cr、Moは0.05%であり、Bは0.0010%である。上記の効果を得ることは必須でない。このため、Cr、Mo、Bの含有量の下限を特に制限する必要はなく、それらの下限は0%である。
しかしながら、これらの元素を過剰に含有させても上記作用による効果が飽和する上、不経済となる。したがって、含有させる場合でも、Cr含有量は1.00%以下、Mo含有量は0.50%以下、B含有量は0.0100%以下とする。Cr含有量は好ましくは0.50%以下であり、Mo含有量は好ましくは0.20%以下であり、B含有量は好ましくは0.0030%以下である。
Ca、MgおよびREMは介在物の形状を調整することにより、Biは凝固組織を微細化することにより、ともに強度や曲げ性を改善する作用を有する元素である。したがって、これらの元素を含有させてもよい。上記の効果を十分に得るためには、CaおよびMgの含有量の下限は0.0001%、REMおよびBiの含有量の下限は0.005%とするのが好ましい。より好ましい下限は、CaおよびMgは0.0008%、REMおよびBiは0.0007%である。上記の効果を得ることは必須でない。このため、Ca、Mg、Sb、ZrおよびREMの含有量の下限を特に制限する必要はなく、それらの下限は0%である。
しかしながら、過剰に含有させても上記作用による効果が飽和して不経済となる。したがって、含有させる場合でも、Ca含有量は0.0100%以下、Mg含有量は0.0100%以下、REM含有量は0.0500%以下、Bi含有量は0.050%以下とする。好ましくは、Ca含有量は0.0020%以下、Mg含有量は0.0020%以下、REM含有量は0.0020%以下、Bi含有量は0.010%以下である。REMとは希土類元素を意味し、Sc、Yおよびランタノイドの合計17元素の総称であり、REM含有量はこれらの元素の合計含有量である。
溶融亜鉛めっき層は、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層であってもよい。
本発明者らが検討を行った結果、焼鈍加熱時に所定の雰囲気条件にて適度な脱炭を行った後、焼鈍冷却時に適度な滞在時間を確保することで表面板厚の1/4の位置の組織が焼戻しマルテンサイト主体組織であり、かつ表層部と表面板厚の1/4の位置とで組織が異なる、耐水素脆化特性に優れた傾斜組織を達成できることが判明した。以下、詳細に説明する。
(I)所定の化学組成を有する鋳造スラブを、直接または一旦冷却した後加熱して、熱間圧延して熱延鋼板とする熱間圧延工程、
(II)前記熱延鋼板を、酸洗し、冷間圧延を行って冷延鋼板とする冷延工程、
(III)前記冷延鋼板を、露点が-20℃以上20℃以下でかつ、1.0体積%以上20体積%以下の水素と窒素とを含有する雰囲気下で、800℃以上の温度で均熱して焼鈍する焼鈍工程、
(IV)前記焼鈍後、冷延鋼板を425℃超、600℃未満の温度域まで冷却する第1冷却工程、
(V)前記第1冷却工程後、前記冷延鋼板を425℃超、600℃未満の前記温度域で250秒以上750秒以下滞在させる保持工程、
(VI)前記保持工程後に、前記冷延鋼板を50℃以上250℃以下の温度まで冷却する第2冷却工程、
(VII)前記第2冷却工程後に、前記冷延鋼板に250℃以上350℃以下の温度で1秒以上焼戻しを行う焼戻し工程、
(VIII)前記焼戻し工程後、スキンパス圧延可能な温度まで冷却する第3冷却工程、
(IX)前記第3冷却工程後の前記冷延鋼板にスキンパス圧延を施すスキンパス工程。
以下、各工程について説明する。
熱間圧延工程では、上述した化学組成を有する鋳造スラブを加熱し、熱間圧延して熱延鋼板とする。鋳造スラブの温度が高い場合には、一旦室温付近まで冷却せず、そのまま熱間圧延に供してもよい。
熱間圧延の条件は限定されないが、1100℃以上に加熱し、仕上げ圧延出側温度がAr3変態点以上となるように熱間圧延することが好ましい。加熱温度が1100℃未満では、材料の均質化が不十分となりやすい。また、仕上げ圧延出側温度がAr3変態点未満では、フェライト加工組織が残るため、不均一な組織となり、焼鈍後の組織が均一とならず、曲げ性の劣化を引き起こしやすい。
熱間圧延後の熱延鋼板は、巻取ってコイル状にしてもよい。巻取り温度は特に限定されないが、650℃を超えると、熱延鋼板の組織が粗大なフェライト・パーライト組織となり、焼鈍後の鋼板の金属組織が不均一となり曲げ性が劣化する。そのため、巻取り温度の上限は650℃以下が好ましい。巻取り温度は600℃以下が好ましく、580℃以下がより好ましい。一方、巻取り温度が500℃未満であると熱延鋼板での強度が高くなり、冷間圧延時の負荷が高くなるので、巻取り温度は500℃以上であることが好ましい。熱延鋼板の強度が高い場合は、冷延前にBAF等の軟化熱処理を施してもよい。
冷延工程では、熱間圧延された熱延鋼板を、酸洗等により脱スケールした後に、冷間圧延して冷延鋼板とする。冷間圧延(冷延)条件は、特に限定されないが、再結晶を促進して、冷延圧延および焼鈍後の金属組織を均一化させることで、曲げ性が向上する。そのため、冷圧率(累積圧下率)を40%以上とすることが好ましい。冷延率は45%以上が好ましく、50%以上がより好ましい。
冷圧率が高すぎると、圧延荷重が増大して圧延が困難となる。そのため、冷圧率は70%未満が好ましい。冷延率は、65%未満が好ましく、60%未満がより好ましい。
冷延工程後の鋼板は、必要に応じて公知の方法に従って脱脂等の処理が施された後、焼鈍される。
本実施形態に係る鋼板はSiを含有する。そのため、鋼板の化成処理性、あるいはめっき密着性の観点から、Si、Mnを内部酸化させるために焼鈍加熱時に炉内雰囲気を制御する。具体的には、炉内(加熱帯及び均熱帯)雰囲気を、露点-20℃以上20℃以下でかつ、1.0体積%以上20体積%以下の水素を含有し、残部が窒素及び不純物である窒素-水素混合雰囲気とする。これらの雰囲気は鋼板組成や製造条件に合わせて、適宜この範囲で調整する。この雰囲気下で焼鈍を行うことで、鋼板表層部で適度な脱炭が起こる。そのため、焼鈍の後の冷却条件を調整することで、前記のような表面から1/4の位置の組織の体積率と表層部の組織の体積率とが異なる傾斜組織を得ることができるようになる。すなわち脱炭によりC含有量が少ない表層が、C含有量が多い中心部の変態開始に先駆けてフェライト変態、ベイナイト変態するため、表層部のみが軟質となる。この傾斜組織および所定位置での組織構成を得ることで成形性、耐水素脆化特性を高いレベルで両立できることになる。
一般に、Si含有量が高いほど、脱炭が生じやすくなる。ただし、本実施形態に係る鋼板では、めっき密着性等を考慮し、Si含有量の上限を限定している。そのため、本実施形態に係る鋼板の化学組成では、焼鈍後の温度履歴を制御しなければ、好ましい表層部の組織が得られない。
均熱時間は、30~450秒であることが好ましい。均熱時間が30秒未満であると、オーステナイト化が十分に進行しないので、均熱時間は30秒以上が好ましい。一方、均熱時間が450秒を超えると、生産性が低下するので、均熱時間は450秒以下が好ましい。
[保持工程]
焼鈍後の冷延鋼板は、上記のような傾斜組織を得るため、425℃超、600℃未満の温度域まで冷却され(第1冷却工程)、この温度域(425℃超、600℃未満)で、滞在時間が250秒以上、750秒以下となるように保持される(保持工程)。冷却停止温度及びその後の保持温度が、425℃以下であると鋼板の表面から板厚の1/4の位置でのベイナイトの体積率が高くなり、焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率が低下する。その結果、引張強度が低下するとともに90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が劣化する。本実施形態において、鋼板の表面から板厚の1/4位置において十分な焼戻しマルテンサイトが存在することにより強度は確保される。ベイナイトでは十分な強度を得ることができない。
一方、冷却停止温度及びその後の保持温度が600℃以上であると鋼板中央部でフェライト分率が高くなり焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率が低下する。その結果、引張強度が低下するとともに、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が劣化する。また、鋼板表層部でのフェライト変態、ベイナイト変態が進まず、前記のような表層組織が得られなくなるために、耐水素脆化特性が劣化する。
よって、冷却停止温度及び保持温度は425℃超、600℃未満とする。保持温度は440℃超、580℃未満が好ましく、450℃超、560℃未満がさらに好ましい。この温度範囲内であれば、滞在時間中に温度を変えても問題ない。
第1冷却工程では、冷却中のフェライト変態を抑制するために、5℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却することが好ましい。平均冷却速度は、10℃/s以上がより好ましい。
図1Aに鋼板の表面から25μm深さ位置(表層部)における、フェライトおよびベイナイトの体積率と、425℃超、600℃未満での滞在時間との関係を示す。図1Bに鋼板の表面から25μm深さ位置(表層部)における、マルテンサイト及び焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率と、425℃超、600℃未満での滞在時間との関係を示す。図1Cに、マルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイト粒径と、425℃超、600℃未満での滞在時間との関係を示す。また、図1A~図1Cではそのときの耐水素脆化特性についてもあわせて示す。
図1A~図1Cに示すように、滞在時間が250秒未満であると表層のフェライト変態、ベイナイト変態が進まず、未変態のオーステナイトが最終冷却後にマルテンサイト、焼戻しマルテンサイトとなるために、マルテンサイト、焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率が増えるばかりか、その粒径も大きくなる。その結果、前記のような表層組織が得られなくなり、耐水素脆化特性が劣化する。よって保持工程における、425℃超、600℃未満の滞在時間の下限は250秒以上とする。滞在時間は300秒以上が好ましく、350秒以上がより好ましい。本実施形態に係る鋼板では、めっき密着性の観点でSi含有量が制限されており表層の脱炭層が得られにくいが、425℃超、600℃未満の温度域で250秒以上の滞在時間となるように保持することで、表層部のみベイナイト変態を生じさせることができる。
一方で滞在時間が長いと表面から板厚の1/4の位置でもフェライト変態、ベイナイト変態が起こり、所望の組織が得られず鋼板強度が低下するとともに、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比(R/t)が劣化する。よって、425℃超、600℃未満の滞在時間の上限は750秒以下とする。滞在時間は650秒以下が好ましく、550秒以下がさらに好ましい。
保持工程では、鋼板の化成処理性、あるいはめっき密着性の観点から、炉内雰囲気を還元雰囲気とすることが好ましい。
[合金化工程]
表面に溶融亜鉛めっきを備える冷延鋼板(溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板)を製造する場合には、保持工程中に冷延鋼板を溶融めっき浴に浸漬させて溶融亜鉛めっきを施してもよい。また、表面に合金化溶融亜鉛めっきを備える冷延鋼板(合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板)を製造する場合には、溶融亜鉛めっき工程に引き続き、合金化処理を施してめっきを合金化溶融亜鉛めっきとしてもよい。
[焼戻し工程]
保持工程後の冷延鋼板は、50℃以上250℃以下の温度まで冷却されることで(第2冷却工程)未変態のオーステナイトがマルテンサイトに変態する。第2冷却工程では、冷却中のベイナイト変態を抑制するために、5℃/s以上の平均冷却速度で冷却することが好ましい。平均冷却速度は、10℃/s以上がより好ましい。その後、冷延鋼板は、200℃以上350℃以下の温度で1秒以上焼戻されることにより(焼戻し工程)、表面から板厚の1/4の位置にて焼戻しマルテンサイト主体の組織が得られる。
溶融亜鉛めっき工程及びまたは合金化工程が行われた場合には、溶融亜鉛めっき工程後の冷延鋼板または、溶融亜鉛めっき工程及び合金化工程後の冷延鋼板に、を50℃以上250℃以下の温度まで冷却した後、200℃以上350℃以下の温度で1秒以上焼戻しを行う。
その後の焼戻し工程では、焼戻し温度が350℃超であると鋼板強度が低下する。よって焼戻し温度は350℃以下とする。焼戻し温度は、330℃以下が好ましく、310℃以下がより好ましい。
一方で焼戻し温度が200℃未満であると焼戻しが不十分となり、曲げ性が劣化する。よって焼戻し温度は200℃以上とする。焼戻し温度は、250℃以上が好ましく、260℃以上がより好ましく、270℃以上がさらに好ましい。
焼戻し時間は1秒以上あればよいが、安定した焼戻し処理を行うために5秒以上が好ましく、10秒以上がさらに好ましい。一方で、長時間の焼戻しでは鋼板強度が低下する場合があるため、焼戻し時間は90秒以下が好ましく、60秒以下がさらに好ましい。
[スキンパス工程]
焼戻し工程後の冷延鋼板は、スキンパス圧延可能な温度まで冷却した後(第3冷却工程)、スキンパス圧延を行う(スキンパス工程)。焼鈍後の冷却(第1冷却工程)が水を用いる水スプレー冷却、ディップ冷却、気水冷却などの場合は、高温で水と接触したことによって形成された酸化膜の除去および鋼板の化成処理性向上のため、スキンパス圧延前に、酸洗及び続いて微量のNi、Fe、Co、Sn、Cuのうちの1種または2種以上のめっきを行うことが好ましい。ここで微量とは鋼板表面に3~30mg/m2程度のめっき量をいう。
その後、酸洗によりスケールを除去し、1.4mmまで冷間圧延した後、表2Aに示す均熱温度で120秒焼鈍を行った。焼鈍は、加熱時及び均熱時の炉内雰囲気を、露点-20℃以上20℃以下でかつ、1.0体積%以上20体積%以下の水素と窒素とからなる窒素-水素混合雰囲気とした。焼鈍の加熱時の、700℃から均熱温度までの加熱速度は5.0℃/s未満とした。
焼鈍後、表2A示す温度まで10℃/sで冷却した後、425℃超、600℃未満の間に滞在させた。一部の例については、保持中に溶融亜鉛めっき及び合金化を行った。表2C中、CRは亜鉛めっきを行っていない冷延鋼板、GIが溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板、GAが合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板である。合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板については、35~65g/m2程度の溶融亜鉛めっきを施した後に600℃未満の温度で合金化させた。本実施例では425℃超、600℃未満の滞在時間中の温度は一定としたが、前述のようにこの温度範囲内であれば、滞在時間中に温度を変えても問題ない。
また、保持後は、50℃以上250℃以下まで10℃/s以上で冷却した後に、1秒~90秒焼戻す熱処理を施した後に、50℃まで冷却して、0.1%以上のスキンパス圧延を施した。焼戻し温度は、試験番号1~33については250~350℃、試験番号34については、200℃とした。
試験番号22、23、30の冷延鋼板については、スキンパス圧延前に酸洗に続いて鋼板表面に3~30mg/m2程度のNiめっきを施した。
これに対し、化学組成、製造方法のいずれかが本発明の範囲外であり、組織が本発明範囲外となった試験番号(比較例)では、引張強度、均一伸び、限界曲げ半径、耐水素脆化特性のいずれか1以上が目標を達成しなかった。特に、試験番号5は、Si含有量が多かったのでフェライトの体積率が高くなり、焼戻しマルテンサイトの体積率が減少した。その結果、引張強度が低く、限界曲げ半径(R/t)が劣っていた。本発明例では、Si含有量を抑えつつ、焼鈍時の熱処理条件を適切に制御して鋼板表面から板厚1/4位置における金属組織を制御することにより、耐水素脆化特性と引張強度の両立を達成されていた。
Claims (8)
- 質量%で、
C:0.140%超、0.400%未満、
Si:0.35%超、1.50%未満、
Mn:1.50%超、4.00%未満、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.010%以下、
Al:0.100%以下、
N:0.0100%以下、
Ti:0%以上、0.050%未満、
Nb:0%以上、0.050%未満、
V:0%以上、0.50%以下、
Cr:0%以上、1.00%以下、
Mo:0%以上、0.50%以下、
B:0%以上、0.0100%以下、
Ca:0%以上、0.0100%以下、
Mg:0%以上、0.0100%以下、
REM:0%以上、0.0500%以下、
Bi:0%以上、0.050%以下、
を含有し、
残部がFeおよび不純物からなる化学組成を有し、
表面から板厚の1/4の位置における組織が、体積率で、
70.0%以上の焼戻しマルテンサイトと、
3.0%超10.0%未満の残留オーステナイトと、
合計で25.0%以下のフェライトおよびベイナイトと、
5.0%以下のマルテンサイトと、
を含み、
前記表面から25μmの位置における組織が、体積率で、
合計で70%以上のフェライトおよびベイナイトと、
合計で30%以下のマルテンサイトおよび焼戻しマルテンサイトと、
を含み、
前記表面から25μmの位置において、前記マルテンサイトおよび前記焼戻しマルテンサイトの平均粒径が5.0μm以下であり、
引張強度が1310MPa以上であり、均一伸びが5.0%以上であり、90°V曲げでの限界曲げ半径Rと板厚tの比であるR/tが5.0以下である
ことを特徴とする、高強度冷延鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、
質量%で、
Ti:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、
Nb:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、
V:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、
Cr:0.01%以上、1.00%以下、
Mo:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、
B:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、
Ca:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、
Mg:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、
REM:0.005%以上、0.0500%以下、および
Bi:0.005%以上、0.050%以下、
からなる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする、
請求項1に記載の高強度冷延鋼板。 - 前記表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層を備えることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の高強度冷延鋼板。
- 前記溶融亜鉛めっき層は、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき層であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の高強度冷延鋼板。
- 質量%で、C:0.140%超、0.400%未満、Si:0.35%超、1.50%未満、Mn:1.50%超、4.00%未満、P:0.100%以下、S:0.010%以下 、Al:0.100%以下およびN:0.0100%以下、Ti:0%以上、0.050%未満、Nb:0%以上、0.050%未満、V:0%以上、0.50%以下、Cr:0%以上、1.00%以下、Mo:0%以上、0.50%以下、B:0%以上、0.0100%以下、Ca:0%以上、0.0100%以下、Mg:0%以上、0.0100%以下、REM:0%以上、0.0500%以下、Bi:0%以上、0.050%以下、を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる化学組成を有する鋳造スラブを、直接または一旦冷却した後加熱して、熱間圧延して熱延鋼板とする熱間圧延工程と、
前記熱延鋼板を、酸洗し、冷間圧延を行って冷延鋼板とする冷延工程と、
前記冷延鋼板を、露点が-20℃以上20℃以下でかつ、窒素と1.0体積%以上20体積%以下の水素とを含有する雰囲気下で、800℃以上の温度で均熱して焼鈍する焼鈍工程と、
前記焼鈍工程後、前記冷延鋼板を425℃超、600℃未満の温度域まで冷却する第1冷却工程と、
前記第1冷却工程後、前記冷延鋼板を425℃超、600℃未満の前記温度域に250秒以上750秒以下滞在させる保持工程と、
前記保持工程後に、前記冷延鋼板を50℃以上250℃以下の温度まで冷却する第2冷却工程と、
前記第2冷却工程後に、前記冷延鋼板に250℃以上350℃以下の温度で1秒以上焼戻しを行う焼戻し工程と、
前記焼戻し工程後、スキンパス圧延可能な温度まで冷却する第3冷却工程と、
前記第3冷却工程後の前記冷延鋼板にスキンパス圧延を施すスキンパス工程と、
を備える、
ことを特徴とする高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、Ti:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、Nb:0.001%以上、0.050%未満、V:0.01%以上、0.50%以下、Cr:0.01%以上、1.00%以下、Mo:0.01%以上、0.50%以下およびB:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、Ca:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、Mg:0.0001%以上、0.0100%以下、REM:0.005%以上、0.0500%以下およびBi:0.005%以上、0.050%以下からなる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記保持工程が、前記冷延鋼板に溶融亜鉛めっきを施す溶融亜鉛めっき工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項5または6に記載の高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記保持工程の前記溶融亜鉛めっき工程の後に、合金化処理を行う合金化工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法。
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| MX2020009652A MX2020009652A (es) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | Lamina de acero laminada en frio de alta resistencia y metodo de manufacturacion de la misma. |
| EP19772071.7A EP3770292B1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | High-strength cold-rolled steel sheet and manufacturing method therefor |
| KR1020207028396A KR102407357B1 (ko) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | 고강도 냉연 강판 및 그의 제조 방법 |
| US16/981,160 US11473164B2 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | High-strength cold-rolled steel sheet and manufacturing method therefor |
| JP2019543955A JP6635236B1 (ja) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | 高強度冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| CN201980019877.6A CN111868284B (zh) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-03-19 | 高强度冷轧钢板及其制造方法 |
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| CN (1) | CN111868284B (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3770292A1 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
| JPWO2019181950A1 (ja) | 2020-04-30 |
| TW201938816A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
| KR20200124293A (ko) | 2020-11-02 |
| US20210062288A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
| KR102407357B1 (ko) | 2022-06-13 |
| MX2020009652A (es) | 2020-10-08 |
| CN111868284B (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
| EP3770292B1 (en) | 2022-09-21 |
| CN111868284A (zh) | 2020-10-30 |
| EP3770292A4 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
| JP6635236B1 (ja) | 2020-01-22 |
| US11473164B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
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