WO2019159608A1 - チタニア多孔体及びその製法 - Google Patents
チタニア多孔体及びその製法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019159608A1 WO2019159608A1 PCT/JP2019/001680 JP2019001680W WO2019159608A1 WO 2019159608 A1 WO2019159608 A1 WO 2019159608A1 JP 2019001680 W JP2019001680 W JP 2019001680W WO 2019159608 A1 WO2019159608 A1 WO 2019159608A1
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- C04B35/63448—Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/441—Alkoxides, e.g. methoxide, tert-butoxide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a titania porous body and a method for producing the same.
- the titania (TiO 2 ) porous material can be used in fields such as photocatalysis and chromatography.
- a titania porous body what was manufactured by the sol-gel method with phase separation using titanium alkoxide, polyethylene oxide (PEO), an inorganic salt, and a chelating agent is reported (nonpatent literature 1, 2).
- Such macropores (pores having a narrow distribution in the micrometer region) of the titania porous body can be obtained by freezing a co-continuous structure, which is a transient structure of spinodal decomposition, by a sol-gel transition.
- the pore size of the macropores increases as the amount of PEO increases.
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows an example in which a petal-like structure is introduced on the surface of a titania porous body.
- the petal-like structure is a plate-like crystal of lithium titanate, the whole is composed of titania. It is not a titania porous body.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has as its main object to provide a titania porous body having a novel structure.
- the titania porous body of the present invention is It is a titania porous body composed entirely of titania, A titania skeleton forming a three-dimensional network structure; Primary pores that are mesh portions of the three-dimensional structure; Secondary pores provided on the surface of the titania skeleton; It is equipped with.
- This titania porous body has primary pores that are the network portion of the titania skeleton forming a three-dimensional network structure, and secondary pores provided on the surface of the titania skeleton.
- a structure having secondary pores on the surface of the titania skeleton in addition to the primary pores of the mesh portion has not been known so far. Therefore, this titania porous body is expected to be used in new fields such as photocatalysis and chromatography, for example, separation and purification of medical proteins produced by culture techniques.
- the secondary pores provided on the surface of the titania skeleton may be surface depressions or may extend from the surface to the inside.
- Such a titania porous body may have tertiary pores.
- the tertiary pores are pores provided on the surface of the titania skeleton and having a pore diameter smaller than that of the secondary pores.
- the tertiary pores are present from the surface of the titania skeleton to the inside, and are highly likely to be through-holes.
- the production method of the titania porous body of the present invention (A1) A step of gelling a dispersion in which the soluble particles are dispersed, including soluble particles dissolved in a predetermined liquid, titanium (IV) alkoxide, a chelating agent, a porogen, and an inorganic salt.
- A2 removing the chelating agent from the obtained gel;
- A3 The gel after removing the chelating agent is immersed in the predetermined liquid, the soluble particles are dissolved in the predetermined liquid, and then fired at a predetermined firing temperature, whereby the above-mentioned titania porous body is obtained.
- the obtained titania porous body is obtained by immersing the gel after removing the chelating agent at a predetermined baking temperature and then immersing the gel in the predetermined liquid to dissolve the soluble particles in the predetermined liquid.
- Obtaining Contains or (B1) The dispersion containing the combustible particles burnt down at a predetermined temperature, the titanium (IV) alkoxide, the chelating agent, the porogen, and the inorganic salt, in which the combustible particles are dispersed, is gelled in a stationary state. And a process of (B2) removing the chelating agent from the resulting gel; (B3) obtaining the titania porous body described above by firing the gel after removing the chelating agent at a predetermined firing temperature; Is included.
- primary pores are formed by phase-separated spinodal decomposition in the sol-gel method, and secondary pores are formed by a template (soluble particles or combustible particles).
- the pore diameter of the secondary pores can be controlled independently. Therefore, each pore diameter of the primary and secondary pores of the titania porous body can be easily brought close to the design value.
- 3 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of primary pores in Example 1.
- 2 is a graph showing the pore size distribution of secondary pores and tertiary pores of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of the titania porous body 10 of the present embodiment.
- a lower photograph is an enlarged photograph of a portion surrounded by a white square frame in the upper photograph.
- the titania porous body 10 is entirely composed of titania, and as shown in FIG. 1, a titania skeleton 12 forming a three-dimensional network structure, primary pores 14 that are a three-dimensional network structure, and a titania skeleton. 12 and secondary pores 16 provided on the surface.
- the titania may be a rutile type, but is preferably an anatase type.
- a part of a template (described later) for forming the secondary pores 16 or a part of a material for dissolving and removing the template may remain in a small amount.
- a titania porous body having a titania skeleton and primary pores is also referred to as a titania monolith.
- the pore diameter of the primary pores 14 is preferably larger than 0.05 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.05 to 50 ⁇ m, still more preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the pore diameter of the secondary pores 16 is preferably 20 to 200 nm, more preferably 50 to 150 nm, and even more preferably 75 to 130 nm.
- the pore diameter of the secondary pores 16 is preferably smaller than the pore diameter of the primary pores 14.
- the pore diameter of the primary pore is measured by a mercury intrusion method. Measurement of the pore size of the secondary pores is performed by the BET method (nitrogen adsorption method).
- fine gaps or pores having a pore diameter of about several nanometers may be formed.
- the titania porous body 10 may have tertiary pores.
- the tertiary pores are present from the surface to the inside of the titania porous body 10 and are highly likely to be through holes. It is considered that some of the tertiary pores exist from the surface to the inside of the secondary pores 16.
- the tertiary pores cannot be confirmed by an electron micrograph, but their presence can be confirmed by the BET method (nitrogen adsorption method) and the pore diameter can be measured.
- the tertiary pores are considered to be gaps between titania crystal particles.
- the pore diameter of the tertiary pore is smaller than the pore diameter of the secondary pore 16.
- the pore diameter of the secondary pores 16 is preferably 35 to 200 nm, more preferably 70 to 200 nm, and the pore diameter of the tertiary pores is preferably 3 to 100 nm. Preferably, it is 5 to 70 nm.
- titania porous body 10 is manufactured by, for example, any one of the following manufacturing examples 1 and 2. However, the titania porous body 10 may be manufactured by a method other than the manufacturing examples 1 and 2.
- Production Example 1 includes (a1) a soluble particle that dissolves in a predetermined liquid, a titanium (IV) alkoxide, a chelating agent, a porogen, and an inorganic salt. A step of gelling; (a2) a step of removing the chelating agent from the obtained gel; and (a3) immersing the gel after removing the chelating agent in a predetermined liquid to dissolve soluble particles in the predetermined liquid. Thereafter, the titania porous body 10 is obtained by firing at a predetermined firing temperature, or the gel from which the chelating agent has been removed is fired at a predetermined firing temperature and then immersed in a predetermined liquid so that the soluble particles are predetermined. A step of obtaining the titania porous body 10 by dissolving in the liquid.
- Step a1 Gelation step
- soluble particles particles that dissolve in a predetermined liquid are used.
- the predetermined liquid include an alkaline solution.
- particles soluble in an alkaline solution are used as the soluble particles.
- examples of such particles include silica particles and silicate particles (silicate glass particles and the like).
- Silica particles are used to form secondary pores, and the particle size is preferably 7 to 500 nm, more preferably 20 to 300 nm, and even more preferably 30 to 200 nm.
- Silica particles include hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles, either of which may be adopted.
- silica particles examples include Sea Hoster (registered trademark) KE-S10 and KE-P10 manufactured by Nippon Shokubai, and trade name NAX-50 manufactured by Nippon Aerosil.
- the amount of the soluble particles used is preferably 2 to 50%, more preferably 5 to 30% by weight with respect to the titanium (IV) alkoxide.
- titanium (IV) alkoxide examples include titanium (IV) methoxide, titanium (IV) ethoxide, titanium (IV) n-propoxide, titanium (IV) isopropoxide, titanium (IV) n-butoxide, and titanium (IV).
- examples include isobutoxide, titanium (IV) sec-butoxide, titanium (IV) tert-butoxide, and the like. Of these, titanium (IV) n-propoxide and titanium (IV) isopropoxide are preferred.
- the chelating agent is preferably one that can be coordinated to titanium ions and decarboxylates after hydrolysis, and includes, for example, ⁇ -ketoester.
- ⁇ -ketoesters include alkyl acetoacetates such as ethyl acetoacetate.
- the chelating agent is preferably used in a molar ratio of 0.1 to 2.0, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5, based on the titanium (IV) alkoxide.
- Porogen is an additive substance for forming primary pores and is also called a phase separation agent because it induces phase separation in a sol-gel reaction.
- porogens that generally cause spinodal decomposition include cellosolves such as methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve, esters such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and diethylene glycol. And the like.
- polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol are preferred, and the molecular weight is preferably from 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably from 6,000 to 100,000.
- Polyalkylene glycol is sometimes referred to as polyalkylene oxide depending on the molecular weight, but in the present specification, these are collectively referred to as polyalkylene glycol.
- a porogen may use not only one type but two or more types together.
- the amount of the porogen used is preferably 1% or more and 20% or less, more preferably 3% or more and less than 10% by weight with respect to the titanium (IV) alkoxide.
- a salt containing a conjugate base of a strong acid is preferable.
- strong acid conjugate bases include nitrate ions and halogen ions.
- examples of such inorganic salts include ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, and ammonium iodide.
- the conjugate base of a strong acid functions as a blocking agent that prevents the titanium atom from being exposed to a nucleophilic reaction.
- the amount of the inorganic salt used is preferably 0.005 to 0.5, more preferably 0.01 to 0.3, in molar ratio with respect to the titanium (IV) alkoxide.
- an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt is dropped and mixed in a dispersion in which soluble particles are dispersed in a mixed solution in which a chelating agent, a porogen, and titanium (IV) alkoxide are dissolved in a solvent, and then allowed to stand still.
- a solvent For example, alcohol solvent, ester solvent, glycol solvent etc. are mentioned.
- the temperature of the dispersion when dripping and the temperature of the titania sol when the titania sol is allowed to stand may be appropriately set.
- the temperature may be room temperature or may be heated to 30 to 80 ° C. The higher the temperature, the smaller the pore size of the primary pores.
- phase separation occurs and the solid-liquid is separated into a titania skeleton (solid phase) and a network portion (liquid phase) forming a three-dimensional network structure. At this time, soluble particles are attached to the surface of the titania skeleton (see FIG. 2).
- the titania sol does not contain porogen, when the titania sol is gelled, the whole is uniformly gelled, or the gelled portion and the solvent portion are simply separated.
- Chelating agent removal process A chelating agent is removed from the obtained gel.
- the chelating agent is removed using an alcohol-water mixture.
- This step is performed step by step using alcohol-water mixtures having different alcohol concentrations. That is, the gel is first immersed in a mixed solution having a high alcohol concentration, and the alcohol concentration of the mixed solution in which the gel is immersed is gradually decreased after the next step. In this step, gas is generated because decarboxylation occurs after the ⁇ -ketoester is hydrolyzed. Therefore, this step is preferably performed in a state where the container is opened without being sealed.
- the titania of the obtained gel is considered to change from amorphous to crystalline (for example, anatase type crystal).
- Step a3 Soluble particle removal and firing step
- the gel after the removal of the chelating agent is immersed in a predetermined liquid, the soluble particles are dissolved in the predetermined liquid and removed from the gel, and then fired at a predetermined firing temperature.
- pre-firing etching method Such a method of etching soluble particles before firing is hereinafter referred to as “pre-firing etching method”.
- pre-firing etching method By removing the soluble particles, the soluble particles adhering to the surface of the titania skeleton are dissolved and pits are formed on the surface of the titania skeleton.
- a schematic diagram at this time is shown in FIG. This pit finally becomes the secondary pore 16 of the titania porous body 10.
- the pore diameter of the secondary pores 16 can be controlled by adjusting the particle diameter of the soluble particles. Further, the total volume of the secondary pores 16 can be controlled by adjusting the amount of soluble particles added.
- the firing temperature is preferably set in the range of 400 to 1200 ° C. (preferably 400 to 1100 ° C., more preferably 400 to 1000 ° C.). If it is this range, the organic compound (for example, chelating agent) which remained in the gel will almost burn out.
- An anatase type is formed when the baking temperature is 400 to 600 ° C., and a rutile type increases when the temperature is higher than 600 ° C.
- the pore diameter of the primary pores 14 can be controlled by adjusting the porogen molecular weight, addition amount, and gelation temperature.
- the above-described titania porous body 10 may be obtained by baking the gel after removing the chelating agent at a predetermined baking temperature and then immersing the gel in a predetermined liquid to dissolve the soluble particles in the predetermined liquid.
- a method of etching the soluble particles after firing is hereinafter referred to as “post-baking etching method”.
- the firing temperature is preferably set in the range of 400 to 1200 ° C. (preferably 400 to 1100 ° C., more preferably 400 to 1000 ° C.). If it is this range, the organic compound (for example, chelating agent) which remained in the gel will almost burn out.
- An anatase type is formed when the baking temperature is 400 to 600 ° C.
- a rutile type increases when the temperature is higher than 600 ° C.
- the pore diameter of the primary pores 14 can be controlled by adjusting the porogen molecular weight, addition amount, and gelation temperature.
- the soluble particles adhering to the surface of the titania skeleton are dissolved and pits are formed on the surface of the titania skeleton. This pit finally becomes the secondary pore 16 of the titania porous body 10. Therefore, the pore diameter of the secondary pores 16 can be controlled by adjusting the particle diameter of the soluble particles. Further, the total volume of the secondary pores 16 can be controlled by adjusting the amount of soluble particles added.
- Tertiary pores with smaller pore diameters than secondary pores will decrease with higher firing temperature in the pre-firing etching method, but a considerable portion will remain even if the firing temperature is increased in the post-firing etching method, and the firing temperature will remain.
- the pore diameter of the tertiary pores tends to increase. This tendency is observed in the post-baking etching method because the soluble particles are present on the surface of the gel at the time of baking, and the deformation due to titania crystallization is suppressed by the soluble particles, leaving the tertiary pores. I guess that.
- the pore diameter of the tertiary pore is 10 nm or less by the BET method, the pore diameter is too small for protein adsorption or the like and is not very effective, but when it exceeds 10 nm, it can be effectively used for protein adsorption or the like.
- the firing temperature is set to 900 to 1200 (preferably 900 to 1100 ° C.) by the post-firing etching method, a rutile type titania porous body having primary pores, secondary pores and tertiary pores can be obtained. If the firing temperature is set within this range, a rutile type is sufficiently obtained when the temperature is 900 ° C. or higher, and primary pores and secondary pores are sufficiently generated when the temperature is 1200 ° C. or lower.
- Rutile-type titania has little or no photocatalytic function and therefore has little effect on the living body.
- Production Example 2 gels a dispersion in which soluble particles are dispersed, including (b1) flammable particles burnt down at a predetermined temperature, titanium (IV) alkoxide, a chelating agent, a porogen, and an inorganic salt. A step, (b2) a step of removing the chelating agent from the obtained gel, and (b3) a step of obtaining the titania porous body 10 by firing the gel after removing the chelating agent at a predetermined firing temperature, including.
- Step b1 Gelling step
- the flammable particles particles that burn out at a predetermined temperature are used.
- An example of the predetermined temperature is the firing temperature in step b3.
- examples of such combustible particles include organic particles such as acrylic particles, melamine particles, polyester particles, polystyrene particles, and nylon particles. Of these, acrylic particles are preferred because they can be easily burned off.
- the amount of the combustible particles used is preferably 1 to 50%, more preferably 3 to 25% by weight with respect to the titanium (IV) alkoxide. Since titanium (IV) alkoxide, chelating agent, porogen and inorganic salt have already been described in step a1, description thereof will be omitted here.
- Gelation is performed, for example, by dropping an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt into a dispersion in which flammable particles are dispersed in a mixed solution in which a chelating agent, a porogen, and titanium (IV) alkoxide are dissolved in a solvent, and then allowing to stand. Since this gelation is the same as the gelation in step a1 except that combustible particles are used instead of soluble particles, the description thereof is omitted here.
- the titania porous body 10 is obtained by baking the gel after removing a chelating agent at a predetermined baking temperature. At the time of firing, combustible particles adhering to the surface of the titania skeleton are burned off, and pits are formed on the surface of the titania skeleton.
- the firing temperature is preferably set in the range of 400 to 1200 ° C. (preferably 400 to 1100 ° C., more preferably 400 to 1000 ° C.). If it is this range, the organic compound (for example, chelating agent) which remained in the gel will almost burn out.
- An anatase type is formed when the baking temperature is 400 to 600 ° C., and a rutile type increases when the temperature is higher than 600 ° C.
- the pore diameter of the primary pores 14 can be controlled by adjusting the porogen molecular weight, addition amount, and gelation temperature.
- the pore diameter of the secondary pores 16 of the titania porous body 10 finally obtained can be controlled by adjusting the particle diameter of the combustible particles. Further, the total volume of the secondary pores 16 can be controlled by adjusting the amount of flammable particles added.
- the titania porous body 10 can be used in fields such as photocatalysis and chromatography.
- titania is a surface modifier that has both a functional group that reacts with both the —OH group on the surface of the titania porous body 10 and the functional group on the surface of the biological material A (for example, —NH 2 group and —COOH group).
- the titania porous body 10 and the biological material A are bonded.
- protein A can be fixed by modifying amino acid triethoxysilane on the —OH group of the titania porous body 10 and used as a chromatographic support for antibody separation and purification. By doing so, it is expected to be used in the purification step in the biopharmaceutical process.
- a protein (medicine) is produced by putting animal cells, virus, water, and nutrients in a culture vessel and culturing the virus.
- the cells are removed from the culture solution using centrifugation or MF membrane separation (MF is an abbreviation for Microfiltration), and the impurities are removed by passing the removed culture solution through a column using the titania porous body 10 as a carrier.
- MF is an abbreviation for Microfiltration
- the target protein is taken out by removing the virus. In this way, the biopharmaceutical can be obtained with high purity.
- photocatalytic devices dye-sensitized solar cells, fuel cell materials, lithium ion battery materials, heat-shielding pigments, white pigments, UV-cut pigments, ethanol-modified catalyst carriers, sound absorbing materials, hydrogen It can also be used in applications such as carrier storage materials, porous electrochromic electrodes, flexible organic EL lighting light scatterers, titanium oxide-coated medical devices, culture carriers, antibacterial masks, and water and air purification filters.
- the titania porous body 10 described above is composed entirely of titania, and in addition to the primary pores 14 of the mesh portion of the titania skeleton 12 forming a three-dimensional network structure, secondary pores are formed on the surface of the titania skeleton 12. 16 has a novel structure. Therefore, the titania porous body 10 is expected to be used in new fields such as photocatalysis and chromatography, for example, separation and purification of medical proteins produced by culture techniques. Moreover, when the titania porous body 10 has tertiary pores having a pore diameter smaller than that of the secondary pores 16, utilization of the tertiary pores for protein adsorption and the like is also expected.
- the primary pores 14 are formed by phase separation spinodal decomposition by the sol-gel method, and the secondary pores 16 are formed by the template (soluble particles or combustible particles).
- the hole diameter of the primary pore 14 and the hole diameter of the secondary pore 16 can be controlled independently. Therefore, it is possible to easily manufacture the titania porous body 10 in which the pore diameters of the primary and secondary pores 14 and 16 are close to the design values.
- the pore diameter of the primary pores 14 can be controlled by the amount of porogen added, the firing temperature, and the like, and the pore diameter of the secondary pores 16 is controlled by the particle diameter of the template (soluble particles or combustible particles). be able to.
- the pore diameter of the tertiary pores can be controlled by the firing temperature in the post-baking etching method.
- Example 1 Gelation step After weighing 5.04 g of titanium (IV) propoxide (manufactured by Aldrich), 2.58 g of ethyl acetoacetate (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) and 2.01 g of 1-propanol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry) into a sample tube No. 7. The mixture was stirred to obtain a uniform mixed solution. To the mixed solution, 0.756 g (15 wt% / titanium (IV) propoxide) of hydrophilic silica particles (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., Seahoster (registered trademark) KE-S 10, particle size: about 100 nm) was added as a stirrer. Until uniform.
- Chelating agent removal step First to fourth solutions having different concentrations of ethyl alcohol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) were prepared. Ethyl alcohol: water (mass ratio) was 9: 1 for the first solution, 6: 4 for the second solution, 3: 7 for the third solution, and 0:10 for the fourth solution. First, the first solution was filled in a container that had been gelled, and the solution was discarded after standing at room temperature for 1 day. Subsequently, the second solution is filled in a container, and the operation of discarding the solution after leaving at room temperature for one day is repeated for the third solution and the fourth solution in order, and the chelating agent is removed step by step. It was. In this process, ethyl acetoacetate as a chelating agent was hydrolyzed to acetoacetic acid, and the acetoacetic acid was quickly decarboxylated to produce acetone and carbon dioxide.
- a titania porous body was obtained by an etching method before firing.
- the obtained porous titania had a primary pore diameter of 4.3 ⁇ m, a secondary pore diameter of 90 nm, and a tertiary pore diameter of 6.2 nm.
- the pore diameter was determined as follows. That is, the pore diameter of the primary pores was measured in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m by mercury porosimetry (see FIG. 4), and the pore diameters of the secondary pores and tertiary pores were 2.5 nm to 200 nm by BET specific surface area measurement. The range of (0.2 ⁇ m) was measured (see FIG. 5).
- This porosity is the porosity in the skeleton of the titanium dioxide monolith calculated by measuring the total pore volume (cm 3 / g) from 2.5 nm to 200 nm by the specific gravity of titanium dioxide by BET method specific surface area measurement ( Does not include voids in primary pores).
- Example 2 and 3 In Examples 2 and 3, Example 1 was used except that trade name NAX-50 (particle size: about 40 nm) manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. was used as the hydrophobic silica particles, and the addition amounts thereof were 0.454 g and 0.353 g, respectively.
- a titania porous body was produced.
- the obtained titania porous body had a primary pore of 3.8 ⁇ m and a secondary pore of 87 nm in Example 2, a primary pore of 3.9 ⁇ m and a secondary pore of 76 nm in Example 3.
- the hole diameter was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 when the specific surface area of the titania porous body was measured by the BET method, it was 78 m 2 / g in Example 2 and 34.3 m 2 / g in Example 3. Furthermore, when the porosity of the titania porous body was measured, it was 42% in Example 2 and 36% in Example 3.
- Example 4 a titania porous body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following steps different from Example 1 were adopted as the silica particle removal and firing steps.
- the silica particle removal and firing step first, the gel from which the chelating agent was removed was heated to 600 ° C. at a heating rate of 1 ° C. per minute, and then held at that temperature for 2 hours for baking. Thereafter, the fired body was placed in a 1M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 day, whereby silica particles were dissolved and removed from the fired body, washed several times with ion-exchanged water, and air dried.
- a titania porous body was obtained by an etching method after firing.
- the obtained titania porous body had a primary pore of 3.2 ⁇ m and a secondary pore of 79 nm.
- the hole diameter was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, it was 101 m ⁇ 2 > / g when the specific surface area of the titania porous body was measured by BET method. Furthermore, when the porosity of the titania porous body was measured, it was 46%.
- Example 5 Gelling process: No. 5 screw tube bottle made of glass with 5.04 g of titanium (IV) propoxide (Aldrich), 2.58 g of ethyl acetoacetate (Tokyo Kasei), 1-propanol (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei) 01 g was weighed and stirred to obtain a uniform mixed solution. To the mixed solution, 0.504 g (10 wt% / titanium (IV) propoxide) of acrylic particles (MP-1451, manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd., as an inflammable particle) was added and stirred with a stirrer until uniform. .
- the gel after natural drying was baked by hold
- the acrylic particles were burned off and the titania gel was baked to obtain a titania porous body.
- the obtained titania porous body had a primary pore of 4.3 ⁇ m and a secondary pore of 95 nm.
- the hole diameter was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Moreover, it was 143 m ⁇ 2 > / g when the specific surface area of the titania porous body was measured by BET method. Furthermore, when the porosity of the titania porous body was measured, it was 55%.
- Example 6 a titania porous body was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the gel from which the chelating agent was removed was heated to 800 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C. per minute.
- the properties of the obtained titania porous body are shown in Table 1.
- the rutile type was 2.5% and the rest was the anatase type.
- Example 7 a titania porous material was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that trade name OX-50 (particle size: about 40 nm) manufactured by Nippon Aerosil was used as the hydrophilic silica particles.
- trade name OX-50 particle size: about 40 nm
- the properties of the obtained titania porous body are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 a titania porous body was produced in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the gel from which the chelating agent was removed was heated to 1000 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C. per minute.
- the properties of the obtained titania porous body are shown in Table 1.
- the rutile type was 100%.
- Example 9 a titania porous body was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the gel from which the chelating agent was removed was heated to 1200 ° C. at a rate of 1 ° C. per minute.
- the properties of the obtained titania porous body are shown in Table 1. Note that the titania porous body of Example 9 has a long retention time after the temperature increase to the rutileization, so that the reorganization of the structure in the rutile phase has sufficiently progressed, and the peak is not clear. The pore diameter of the pores could not be determined.
- Example 1 In the gelation step of Example 1, a gelation reaction is performed without adding silica particles and polyethylene glycol, and in the silica particle removal and firing step, the silica particles are removed (the silica particles are dissolved in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution).
- a titania fired body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the treatment was not performed. The obtained titania fired body was a titania lump having neither primary pores nor secondary pores.
- Example 2 In the gelation step of Example 1, a gelation reaction is performed without adding silica particles, and in the silica particle removal and firing step, the silica particles are removed (treatment for dissolving the silica particles in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution).
- a titania fired body was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was not performed.
- the obtained titania fired body had primary pores (pore diameter 2.5 ⁇ m) but no secondary pores.
- the hole diameter was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, in the fields of photocatalyst and chromatography, photocatalyst devices, dye-sensitized solar cells, fuel cell materials, lithium ion battery materials, heat shielding pigments, white pigments , UV-cut pigment, ethanol reforming catalyst carrier, sound absorbing material, hydrogen carrier storage material, porous electrochromic electrode, light scattering material for flexible organic EL lighting, titanium oxide-coated medical device, culture carrier, antibacterial mask, water and air It can be used as a purification filter.
- titania porous body 10 titania porous body, 12 titania skeleton, 14 primary pores, 16 secondary pores.
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Abstract
Description
全体がチタニアで構成されたチタニア多孔体であって、
三次元網目構造を形成するチタニア骨格と、
前記三次元構造の網目部分である一次細孔と、
前記チタニア骨格の表面に設けられた二次細孔と、
を備えたものである。
(a1)所定の液体に溶解する可溶性粒子と、チタン(IV)アルコキシドと、キレート剤と、ポロゲンと、無機塩とを含み、前記可溶性粒子が分散した分散液を静置状態でゲル化する工程と、
(a2)得られたゲルから前記キレート剤を除去する工程と、
(a3)前記キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを前記所定の液体に浸漬し、前記可溶性粒子を前記所定の液体に溶解させたあと所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、上述したチタニア多孔体を得るか、又は、前記キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の焼成温度で焼成したあと前記所定の液体に浸漬し、前記可溶性粒子を前記所定の液体に溶解させることにより、上述したチタニア多孔体を得る工程と、
を含むか、
(b1)所定の温度で焼失する可燃性粒子と、チタン(IV)アルコキシドと、キレート剤と、ポロゲンと、無機塩とを含み、前記可燃性粒子が分散した分散液を静置状態でゲル化する工程と、
(b2)得られたゲルから前記キレート剤を除去する工程と、
(b3)前記キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、上述したチタニア多孔体を得る工程と、
を含むものである。
製造例1は、(a1)所定の液体に溶解する可溶性粒子と、チタン(IV)アルコキシドと、キレート剤と、ポロゲンと、無機塩とを含み、可溶性粒子が分散した分散液を静置状態でゲル化する工程と、(a2)得られたゲルからキレート剤を除去する工程と、(a3)キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の液体に浸漬し、可溶性粒子を所定の液体に溶解させたあと所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、チタニア多孔体10を得るか、又は、キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の焼成温度で焼成したあと所定の液体に浸漬し、可溶性粒子を所定の液体に溶解させることにより、チタニア多孔体10を得る工程と、を含む。
可溶性粒子としては、所定の液体に溶解する粒子を用いる。所定の液体としては、例えばアルカリ溶液などが挙げられる。その場合、可溶性粒子としては、アルカリ溶液に溶解する粒子を用いる。そのような粒子としては、例えばシリカ粒子やケイ酸塩粒子(ケイ酸ガラス粒子等)などが挙げられる。シリカ粒子は、二次細孔を形成するために用いられるものであり、粒径としては、7~500nmが好ましく、20~300nmがより好ましく、30~200nmが更に好ましい。シリカ粒子には親水性のものと疎水性のものとがあるが、どちらを採用してもよい。シリカ粒子としては、例えば日本触媒製のシーホスター(登録商標)KE-S10、KE-P10、日本アエロジル製の商品名NAX-50などが挙げられる。可溶性粒子の使用量は、チタン(IV)アルコキシドに対して重量比で2~50%であることが好ましく、5~30%であることがより好ましい。
得られたゲルからキレート剤を除去する。キレート剤としてβ-ケトエステルを用いた場合には、アルコール-水混合液を用いてキレート剤を除去する。この工程はアルコール濃度の異なるアルコール-水混合液を用いて段階的に行う。すなわち、最初はアルコール濃度の濃い混合液にゲルを浸漬し、次の段階以降は、ゲルを浸漬する混合液のアルコール濃度を徐々に薄くなるようにする。この工程では、β-ケトエステルが加水分解したあと脱炭酸が起こるためガスが発生する。そのため、この工程は、容器を密閉せず開放した状態で行うことが好ましい。なお、得られたゲルを直ちに水に浸漬すると、キレート剤の分解による炭酸ガスが急激に発生してクラックが生じるため好ましくない。キレート剤を除去することにより、得られたゲルのチタニアはアモルファスから結晶(例えばアナターゼ型結晶)に変化すると考えられる。
キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の液体に浸漬し、可溶性粒子を所定の液体に溶解させてゲルから除去したあと、所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、上述したチタニア多孔体10を得る。このように焼成前に可溶性粒子をエッチングする方式を、以下「焼成前エッチング方式」と称する。可溶性粒子の除去により、チタニア骨格の表面に付着していた可溶性粒子が溶解してチタニア骨格の表面にピットが形成される。このときの模式図を図3に示す。このピットが最終的にチタニア多孔体10の二次細孔16になる。そのため、可溶性粒子の粒径を調整することにより二次細孔16の孔径を制御することができる。また、可溶性粒子の添加量を調整することにより二次細孔16のトータルの体積を制御することができる。一方、焼成温度は400~1200℃(好ましくは400~1100℃、より好ましくは400~1000℃)の範囲に設定することが好ましい。この範囲であれば、ゲル内に残存していた有機化合物(例えばキレート剤)はほとんど焼失する。焼成温度が400~600℃ではアナターゼ型を形成し、600℃より高くなるとルチル型が増えてくる。一次細孔14の孔径は、ポロゲンの分子量や添加量やゲル化温度を調整することにより制御することができる。
製造例2は、(b1)所定の温度で焼失する可燃性粒子と、チタン(IV)アルコキシドと、キレート剤と、ポロゲンと、無機塩とを含み、可溶性粒子が分散した分散液をゲル化する工程と、(b2)得られたゲルからキレート剤を除去する工程と、(b3)キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、チタニア多孔体10を得る工程と、を含む。
可燃性粒子としては、所定の温度で焼失する粒子を用いる。所定の温度としては、例えば工程b3での焼成温度が挙げられる。こうした可燃性粒子としては、例えばアクリル系粒子、メラミン系粒子、ポリエステル系粒子、ポリスチレン系粒子、ナイロン系粒子等の有機粒子などが挙げられる。このうち、アクリル系粒子が容易に焼失させることができるため好ましい。可燃性粒子の使用量は、チタン(IV)アルコキシドに対して重量比で1~50%であることが好ましく、3~25%であることがより好ましい。チタン(IV)アルコキシド、キレート剤、ポロゲン及び無機塩については、既に工程a1において説明したため、ここではその説明を省略する。
この工程は、工程a2と同じであるため、ここではその説明を省略する。
キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、チタニア多孔体10を得る。焼成時、チタニア骨格の表面に付着していた可燃性粒子が焼失してチタニア骨格の表面にピットが形成される。焼成温度は400~1200℃(好ましくは400~1100℃、より好ましくは400~1000℃)の範囲に設定することが好ましい。この範囲であれば、ゲル内に残存していた有機化合物(例えばキレート剤)はほとんど焼失する。焼成温度が400~600℃ではアナターゼ型を形成し、600℃より高くなるとルチル型が増えてくる。一次細孔14の孔径は、ポロゲンの分子量や添加量やゲル化温度を調整することにより制御することができる。一方、可燃性粒子の粒径を調整することにより最終的に得られるチタニア多孔体10の二次細孔16の孔径を制御することができる。また、可燃性粒子の添加量を調整することにより二次細孔16のトータルの体積を制御することができる。
・ゲル化工程
7号サンプル管にチタン(IV)プロポキシド(アルドリッチ製)5.04g、アセト酢酸エチル(東京化成製)2.58g、1-プロパノール(東京化成製)2.01gを秤量後、撹拌して均一な混合溶液とした。その混合溶液に可溶性粒子として親水性シリカ粒子(日本触媒製、シーホスター(登録商標)KE-S 10、粒径約100nm)を0.756g(15wt%/チタン(IV)プロポキシド)を加えてスターラーで均一になるまで撹拌した。次に、その混合溶液に分子量1万のポリエチレングリコール(アルドリッチ製)0.40gを入れて60℃下で溶解させた後、液温を40℃まで下げた。次に、スターラーで十分に撹拌しながら1Mの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液1mLを少しずつ3分間かけて滴下し、透明で黄色の重合液を得た。重合液の入ったスクリュー管瓶からスターラーの撹拌子を取り出した後、ふたをして40℃の恒温槽中に静置して24時間、ゲル化反応を行った。
エチルアルコール(和光純薬製)の濃度の異なる第1~第4溶液を調製した。エチルアルコール:水(質量比)は、第1溶液では9:1、第2溶液では6:4、第3溶液では3:7、第4溶液では0:10とした。まず、ゲル化を終了した容器に、第1溶液を容器一杯に入れ、常温で1日静置後にその溶液を廃棄した。続いて、第2溶液を容器一杯に入れ、常温で1日静置後にその溶液を廃棄する、という操作を第3溶液、第4溶液についても順次繰り返し行い、段階的にキレート剤の除去を行った。この工程では、キレート剤であるアセト酢酸エチルが加水分解されてアセト酢酸になり、そのアセト酢酸が速やかに脱炭酸してアセトンと炭酸ガスが生成した。
キレート剤を除去したゲルを入れた容器に、1Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を43mL入れ、室温で2日静置後に水溶液を廃棄し、その後イオン交換水で数回洗浄し、得られたゲルを自然乾燥した。これにより、チタニア骨格の表面に付着していたシリカ粒子が水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に溶解してチタニア骨格の表面にピットが形成された。続いて、自然乾燥した後の乾燥したゲルを、毎分1℃の昇温速度で600℃まで昇温した後、その温度で2時間保持して焼成した。このようにして焼成前エッチング方式により、チタニア多孔体を得た。得られたチタニア多孔体は、一次細孔の孔径が4.3μm、二次細孔の孔径が90nm、三次細孔の孔径が6.2nmであった。孔径は、以下のようにして求めた。すなわち、一次細孔の孔径は水銀圧入法により0.2μm~200μmの範囲を測定し(図4参照)、二次細孔及び三次細孔の孔径はBET法比表面積測定により2.5nm~200nm(0.2μm)の範囲を測定した(図5参照)。また、チタニア多孔体の比表面積をBET法で測定したところ、104m2/gであった。更に、チタニア多孔体の空隙率を測定したところ、47%であった。この空隙率は、BET法比表面積測定により2.5nmから200nmまでの全細孔容積(cm3/g)を二酸化チタンの比重を4として計算した二酸化チタンモノリスの骨格内の空隙率である(一次細孔の空隙分は含まない)。
実施例2,3では、疎水性シリカ粒子として日本アエロジル製の商品名NAX-50(粒径約40nm)を用い、その添加量をそれぞれ0.454g、0.353gとした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてチタニア多孔体を製造した。得られたチタニア多孔体は、実施例2では一次細孔が3.8μm、二次細孔が87nm、実施例3では一次細孔が3.9μm、二次細孔が76nmであった。なお、孔径は実施例1と同じように測定した。また、チタニア多孔体の比表面積をBET法で測定したところ、実施例2では78m2/g、実施例3では34.3m2/gであった。更に、チタニア多孔体の空隙率を測定したところ、実施例2では42%、実施例3では36%であった。
実施例4では、シリカ粒子除去及び焼成工程として実施例1とは異なる以下の工程を採用した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてチタニア多孔体を製造した。実施例4では、シリカ粒子除去及び焼成工程において、まず、キレート剤を除去したゲルを毎分1℃の昇温速度で600℃まで昇温した後、その温度で2時間保持して焼成した。その後、焼成体を1Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に入れて室温で1日静置することにより、焼成体からシリカ粒子を溶解除去し、イオン交換水で数回洗浄し、自然乾燥した。このようにして焼成後エッチング方式により、チタニア多孔体を得た。得られたチタニア多孔体は、一次細孔が3.2μm、二次細孔が79nmであった。なお、孔径は実施例1と同じように測定した。また、チタニア多孔体の比表面積をBET法で測定したところ、101m2/gであった。更に、チタニア多孔体の空隙率を測定したところ、46%であった。
・ゲル化工程
ガラス製の5号のスクリュー管瓶にチタン(IV)プロポキシド(アルドリッチ製)5.04g、アセト酢酸エチル(東京化成製)2.58g、1-プロパノール(東京化成製)2.01gを秤量後、撹拌して均一な混合溶液とした。その混合溶液に可燃性粒子としてアクリル粒子(綜研化学製、MP-1451、平均粒径150nm)を0.504g(10wt%/チタン(IV)プロポキシド)を加えてスターラーで均一になるまで撹拌した。次に、その混合溶液に分子量1万のポリエチレングリコール(アルドリッチ製)0.40gを入れて60℃下で溶解させた後、液温を40℃まで下げた。次に、スターラーで十分に撹拌しながら1Mの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液1mLを少しずつ3分間かけて滴下し、透明で黄色の重合液を得た。重合液の入ったスクリュー管瓶からスターラーの撹拌子を取り出した後、ふたをして40℃の恒温槽中に静置して24時間、ゲル化反応を行った。
実施例1のキレート剤除去工程と同様にしてキレート剤の除去を行い、その後、イオン交換水で洗浄した後、自然乾燥を行った。
自然乾燥後のゲルを、毎分1℃の昇温で600℃にした後2時間保持して焼成した。これにより、アクリル粒子が焼失されると共にチタニアゲルが焼成されてチタニア多孔体を得た。得られたチタニア多孔体は、一次細孔が4.3μm、二次細孔が95nmであった。なお、孔径は実施例1と同じように測定した。また、チタニア多孔体の比表面積をBET法で測定したところ、143m2/gであった。更に、チタニア多孔体の空隙率を測定したところ、55%であった。
実施例6では、キレート剤を除去したゲルを毎分1℃の昇温速度で800℃まで昇温したこと以外は、実施例4と同様にしてチタニア多孔体を製造した。得られたチタニア多孔体の特性を表1に示す。このチタニア多孔体のXRDチャートを用いてRIR法で定量分析を行ったところ、ルチル型が2.5%、残りがアナターゼ型であった。
実施例7では、親水性シリカ粒子として日本アエロジル製の商品名OX-50(粒径約40nm)を用いた以外は、実施例6と同様にしてチタニア多孔体を製造した。得られたチタニア多孔体の特性を表1に示す。
実施例8では、キレート剤を除去したゲルを毎分1℃の昇温速度で1000℃まで昇温したこと以外は、実施例4と同様にしてチタニア多孔体を製造した。得られたチタニア多孔体の特性を表1に示す。このチタニア多孔体のXRDチャートを用いてRIR法で定量分析を行ったところ、ルチル型が100%であった。
実施例9では、キレート剤を除去したゲルを毎分1℃の昇温速度で1200℃まで昇温したこと以外は、実施例4と同様にしてチタニア多孔体を製造した。得られたチタニア多孔体の特性を表1に示す。なお、実施例9のチタニア多孔体は、ルチル化への昇温後の保持時間が長くなっていることでルチル相内の構造の再編が十分に進み、ピークが明確でなくなったことから、三次細孔の孔径を確定することはできなかった。
実施例1のゲル化工程において、シリカ粒子とポリエチレングリコールを添加せずにゲル化反応を行い、シリカ粒子除去及び焼成工程において、シリカ粒子を除去する処理(水酸化ナトリウム水溶液にシリカ粒子を溶解する処理)を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にしてチタニア焼成体を得た。得られたチタニア焼成体は、一次細孔も二次細孔もないチタニアの塊であった。
実施例1のゲル化工程において、シリカ粒子を添加せずにゲル化反応を行い、シリカ粒子除去及び焼成工程において、シリカ粒子を除去する処理(水酸化ナトリウム水溶液にシリカ粒子を溶解する処理)を行わなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にしてチタニア焼成体を得た。得られたチタニア焼成体は、一次細孔(孔径2.5μm)を有するが、二次細孔のないものであった。なお、孔径は実施例1と同じように測定した。
Claims (11)
- 全体がチタニアで構成されたチタニア多孔体であって、
三次元網目構造を形成するチタニア骨格と、
前記三次元構造の網目部分である一次細孔と、
前記チタニア骨格の表面に設けられた二次細孔と、
を備えたチタニア多孔体。 - 前記一次細孔の孔径は、0.05~50μmであり、
前記二次細孔の孔径は、20~200nmである、
請求項1に記載のチタニア多孔体。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のチタニア多孔体であって、
前記チタニア骨格の表面に設けられ、前記二次細孔よりも孔径が小さい三次細孔
を備えたチタニア多孔体。 - 前記三次細孔の孔径は、10~100nmである、
請求項3に記載のチタニア多孔体。 - ルチル型である、
請求項3又は4に記載のチタニア多孔体。 - (a1)所定の液体に溶解する可溶性粒子と、チタン(IV)アルコキシドと、キレート剤と、ポロゲンと、無機塩とを含み、前記可溶性粒子が分散した分散液を静置状態でゲル化する工程と、
(a2)得られたゲルから前記キレート剤を除去する工程と、
(a3)前記キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを前記所定の液体に浸漬し、前記可溶性粒子を前記所定の液体に溶解させたあと所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のチタニア多孔体を得るか、又は、前記キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の焼成温度で焼成したあと前記所定の液体に浸漬し、前記可溶性粒子を前記所定の液体に溶解させることにより、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のチタニア多孔体を得る工程と、
を含むチタニア多孔体の製法。 - 前記所定の液体は、アルカリ溶液であり、
前記可溶性粒子は、シリカ粒子又はケイ酸塩粒子である、
請求項6に記載のチタニア多孔体の製法。 - (b1)所定の温度で焼失する可燃性粒子と、チタン(IV)アルコキシドと、キレート剤と、ポロゲンと、無機塩とを含み、前記可燃性粒子が分散した分散液を静置状態でゲル化する工程と、
(b2)得られたゲルから前記キレート剤を除去する工程と、
(b3)前記キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを所定の焼成温度で焼成することにより、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のチタニア多孔体を得る工程と、
を含むチタニア多孔体の製法。 - 前記所定の温度は、前記所定の焼成温度であり、
前記可燃性粒子は、有機粒子である、
請求項8に記載のチタニア多孔体の製法。 - 前記所定の焼成温度は、400~1200℃である、
請求項6~9のいずれか1項に記載のチタニア多孔体の製法。 - 前記工程(a3)では、前記キレート剤を除去した後のゲルを900~1200℃の焼成温度で焼成したあと前記所定の液体に浸漬し、前記可溶性粒子を前記所定の液体に溶解させることにより、請求項5に記載のチタニア多孔体を得る、
請求項6又は7に記載のチタニア多孔体の製法。
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| CN201980012711.1A CN111699165A (zh) | 2018-02-14 | 2019-01-21 | 二氧化钛多孔体及其制法 |
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| WO2025164644A1 (ja) * | 2024-01-31 | 2025-08-07 | 日産化学株式会社 | 酸化物コロイド粒子、そのゾル及びその製造方法 |
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