WO2016136799A1 - チタニアからなるモノリス多孔体の製造方法 - Google Patents
チタニアからなるモノリス多孔体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016136799A1 WO2016136799A1 PCT/JP2016/055408 JP2016055408W WO2016136799A1 WO 2016136799 A1 WO2016136799 A1 WO 2016136799A1 JP 2016055408 W JP2016055408 W JP 2016055408W WO 2016136799 A1 WO2016136799 A1 WO 2016136799A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/624—Sol-gel processing
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0045—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by a process involving the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. sol-gel or precipitation processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/441—Alkoxides, e.g. methoxide, tert-butoxide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a monolithic porous body made of titania having a three-dimensional continuous network structure by a sol-gel method.
- titania monolith made of titanium oxide (titania) produced using a titanium compound such as titanium alkoxide as a starting material.
- titanium oxide titanium oxide
- titanium alkoxide titanium oxide
- titanium alkoxide chemical formula: Ti (OR) 4 , R is an alkyl group
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a titania monolith by reacting a titanium alkoxide in an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of 3.5 or less (first conventional production method). ing.
- first conventional production method titanium alkoxide is stabilized as titanium chloride under strong hydrochloric acid, and the sol-gel reaction proceeds.
- the production method using the strong acid has a problem that the reaction is intense and the production conditions are limited, and it is not suitable for the treatment of a material having no acid resistance such as coating on a metal.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a method of synthesizing titania monolith by hydrolyzing titanium alkoxide under mild conditions using an organic solvent (second conventional production method).
- second conventional production method a titania monolith gel is obtained by allowing a water molecule to react with a titanium precursor that is stabilized by coordinating an anion to titanium alkoxide to cause a hydrolysis / polycondensation reaction to proceed slowly. Produced.
- the reaction mechanism in the second conventional production method has the following two reaction mechanisms.
- an anion coordinates with titanium alkoxide in an organic solvent to form a complex, thereby preparing a stabilized titanium precursor solution.
- titanium dialkoxides are reacted with titanium alkoxide to obtain a titanium precursor solution.
- ⁇ -diketones are stabilized in enol form due to keto-enol tautomerism, release protons by reaction with titanium alkoxide to become enolate anions, and act as coordinating anions.
- the titanium precursor solution obtained in the first reaction mechanism is reacted with water molecules to take in water molecules through a complex formation reaction with anions, and hydrolysis and polycondensation are performed in parallel.
- the sol-gel transition proceeds while forming a network of Ti—O—Ti bonds, and a titania gel is formed.
- the second conventional manufacturing method has the following problems.
- By-products generated by the reaction with ions are alcohols having a relatively low boiling point such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, and the reaction with anions is an exothermic reaction.
- the organic solvent containing the by-product alcohol is evaporated and eliminated, and the composition of the reaction system is greatly changed. That is, the amount of the organic solvent contained in the sol of the titanium precursor adjusted by coordinating the anion to the titanium alkoxide varies, making it difficult to produce a homogeneous titania monolith porous body with good reproducibility.
- an aqueous solution containing anions is used for supplying water molecules, so the anions in the aqueous solution are coordinated to the titanium alkoxide.
- the hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction may not be sufficiently suppressed because the stabilization of the titanium precursor and the hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction due to the reaction between the titanium precursor and water proceed in parallel.
- the insoluble matter that cannot be polymerized is generated as a precipitate, resulting in a heterogeneous titania gel, or the monolithic porous body may not be formed.
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 the practicality was confirmed only in Examples using titanium n-propoxide having relatively low reactivity as titanium alkoxide.
- Non-Patent Document 2 only shows the relationship between the molar ratio of titanium n-propoxide and the ethyl ion acetoacetate as the anion source and the gelation time.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional method for producing a titania monolith porous body, and the object thereof is to use a titanium precursor containing a titanium alkoxide having a shorter molecular chain than titanium n-propoxide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a production method capable of stably producing a homogeneous porous titania monolith by a sol-gel method.
- the inventors of the present application have made necessary studies for stabilization of three types of titanium alkoxides having different molecular chains (titanium n-propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, and titanium ethoxide in the descending order of molecular chain). It has been found that the molar ratio of the compounds serving as anion sources may be approximately 1.05 or more in common. Furthermore, even when the molar ratio of the anion source to the titanium alkoxide is 1.05 or more, the necessity of temperature control for the reaction system from the reaction of the titanium alkoxide and the anion source to the gelation is found.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a monolithic porous body made of titania having a three-dimensional continuous network structure by a sol-gel method, A first step of preparing a titanium precursor solution by mixing a titanium precursor and a first anion source in an organic solvent; A second step of preparing a sol by adding water or an aqueous solution containing a second anion source to the titanium precursor solution and initiating a hydrolysis reaction and a polycondensation reaction; The sol is maintained at a predetermined gelation acceleration temperature, and the sol-gel transition and the phase separation are caused to occur in parallel by the progress of the hydrolysis reaction and the polycondensation reaction.
- a third step of forming a continuous structure A fourth step of removing the solvent phase from the co-continuous structure,
- the titanium precursor is a titanium alkoxide excluding titanium methoxide
- the first and second anion sources are compounds that release protons by reaction with the titanium precursor, act as anions, and coordinate with the titanium precursor; Maintaining the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the sol at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the lowest boiling compound present in the titanium precursor solution in the first, second, and third steps; In the second step, when water is added to the titanium precursor solution, the first anion is adjusted so that the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is 1.05 or more.
- the second step when adding an aqueous solution containing the second anion source to the titanium precursor solution, the total of the first anion source and the second anion source with respect to the titanium precursor
- the molar ratio of the second anion source to the titanium precursor is such that when the second anion source is hardly soluble in the organic solvent, the molar ratio of the second anion source is 1.05 or more.
- a method for producing a monolith porous body wherein the blending amount of the first anion source and the second anion source is set so as not to exceed 3.0.
- the compound having the lowest boiling point present in the titanium precursor solution is the reaction between the titanium alkoxide and the first anion source when water is added to the titanium precursor solution in the second step.
- the lowest boiling point compound in the titanium precursor solution containing the by-product formed in the organic solvent, the titanium alkoxide, the first anion source, and the lowest boiling point in the by-product In the case where an aqueous solution containing a second anion source is added to the titanium precursor solution in the second step, it is formed by a reaction between the titanium alkoxide and the first and second anion sources.
- the blending amount of the first anion source is basically set so that the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is 1.05 or more.
- the titanium precursor can be reduced even if the blending amount of the first anion source is reduced to less than 1.05.
- the second anion source By making the molar ratio of the total of the first anion source and the second anion source to 1.05 or more, the shortage can be compensated for by the second anion source, and the above suppression effect is maintained. can do.
- the second anion source is controlled so that the molar ratio of the second anion source to the titanium precursor does not exceed 0.3. It is preferable to limit the amount.
- the titanium precursor contains at least one of titanium n-propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, and titanium ethoxide.
- the method for producing a monolith porous body having the above characteristics preferably includes at least one of titanium isopropoxide and titanium ethoxide.
- the first precursor to the titanium precursor is added.
- the total molar ratio of the anion source and the second anion source is 1.05 or more, provided that the titanium precursor is used when the second anion source is hardly soluble in the organic solvent. It is preferable to set the blending amount of the first anion source and the second anion source so that the molar ratio of the second anion source to the body is 0.2 or less.
- the first precursor to the titanium precursor is added.
- the total molar ratio of the anion source and the second anion source is 1.05 or more, and the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is 0.85 or more. It is preferable to set the blending amount of one anion source and the second anion source.
- the first anion source in the first step, may be used as the organic solvent. That is, the first anion source and the organic solvent may be the same.
- the titanium precursor solution is added to a solvent obtained by mixing the organic solvent and the first anion source, thereby adding the titanium precursor solution. It is preferable to prepare.
- a coexisting substance having a function of inducing sol-gel transition and spinodal decomposition type phase separation in parallel is added to the organic solvent in the first step.
- the first anion source is a first type coordination compound that is soluble in the organic solvent and hardly soluble in water, or A second type of coordinating compound that is soluble in both the organic solvent and water, wherein the second anion source is in the second type of coordinating compound or the organic solvent. It is preferably a poorly soluble and water-soluble third type coordination compound.
- the first anion source includes ⁇ -diketone, carboxylic acid, or an isomer or complex thereof.
- the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the sol is changed in the first step.
- the composition change in the titanium precursor solution and sol due to evaporation of the compound can be suppressed, and a homogeneous sol can be prepared.
- a homogeneous gel can be obtained with good reproducibility.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is set to 1.05 or more, or the total molar ratio of the first and second anion sources to the titanium precursor is 1.05 or more.
- the molar ratio of the second anion source to the titanium precursor is set to be less than 3.0, so that the titanium precursor After the body solution is sufficiently stabilized and the titanium precursor solution is mixed with water or an aqueous solution containing the second anion source in the second step, the hydrolysis reaction and polycondensation reaction proceed rapidly. As a result, insoluble matter that cannot be polycondensed is generated as a precipitate, and the formation of a heterogeneous gel is suppressed.
- the titanium alkoxide having a shorter molecular chain than titanium n-propoxide which has not been conventionally used as a titanium precursor.
- titanium n-propoxide and titanium alkoxide having a longer molecular chain are less reactive and more stable.
- the titanium precursor can be used in the same manner as titanium isopropoxide.
- Process flow diagram showing a typical schematic configuration of a method for producing a titania monolith porous body according to the present invention Table showing production conditions for raw materials used in Examples 1 to 25 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 Table showing production conditions for raw materials used in Examples 26 to 39 and Comparative Examples 13 to 18 Table showing various control conditions and manufacturing results for Examples 1 to 25 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 Table showing various control conditions and manufacturing results for Examples 26 to 39 and Comparative Examples 13 to 18 Tables in which Examples 1 to 39 and Comparative Examples 1 to 18 were classified into 9 groups based on the presence or absence of each raw material used.
- the figure which shows the pore structure analysis result of Example 9 The figure which shows the pore structure analysis result of Example 15 Electron micrograph showing the two-stage hierarchical porous structure of Example 15 Electron micrograph showing the two-stage hierarchical porous structure of Example 16
- the manufacturing method includes first, second, third, and fourth steps described below.
- a titanium precursor solution is prepared by mixing the titanium precursor and the first anion source by stirring or the like in an organic solvent.
- water or an aqueous solution containing a second anion source (hereinafter referred to as “anion aqueous solution” for convenience) is added to the titanium precursor solution prepared in the first step, followed by a hydrolysis reaction. And a polycondensation reaction is started to prepare a precursor sol.
- the precursor sol prepared in the second step is maintained at a predetermined gelation promotion temperature, and the hydrolysis reaction and polycondensation reaction started in the second step are advanced.
- FIG. 1 shows a typical configuration example of the present manufacturing method, and the third step is illustrated to start after the second step is completed. However, it is not necessary to start the process after the process is completely completed. The process may be started in the middle of the second step or simultaneously with the start of the preparation of the precursor sol. Furthermore, the gelation promotion temperature maintained in the third step may be set in advance in the second step, and then the gelation promotion temperature may be maintained through the third step.
- the second step includes the case where a precursor sol is prepared by adding water to the titanium precursor solution prepared in the first step (second step (1)), and the second step is prepared in the first step.
- a precursor sol is prepared by adding an anionic aqueous solution to the titanium precursor solution prepared (second step (2))
- the second step (1) and ( After executing any one of 2) the process proceeds to the third step.
- the second step (1) corresponds to the case where the molar concentration of the second anion source in the aqueous anion solution is 0 in the second step (2).
- titanium alkoxide excluding titanium methoxide is used as the titanium precursor, and preferably at least one of titanium n-propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, and titanium ethoxide is used. More preferably, at least one of titanium isopropoxide and titanium ethoxide is used, and titanium isopropoxide is more preferably used.
- the first and second anion sources are compounds that release protons by reaction with titanium alkoxide, act as anions, and coordinate with titanium alkoxide. Accordingly, in the first step, the first anion source is coordinated to the titanium alkoxide, and an alcohol corresponding to the alkoxide group of the titanium alkoxide is generated as a by-product. Furthermore, in the case where the precursor sol is prepared using an anion aqueous solution in the second step, the second anion source is coordinated to titanium alkoxide in the titanium precursor solution, and a by-product thereof. As a result, an alcohol corresponding to the alkoxide group of the titanium alkoxide is generated.
- titanium precursor is titanium n-propoxide
- 1-propanol having a boiling point of about 97 to 98 ° C. and when titanium precursor is titanium isopropoxide, 2-propanol having a boiling point of 82.4 ° C. is replaced with titanium ethoxide. In this case, ethanol having a boiling point of 78.37 ° C. is generated.
- the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol is not more than the boiling point of the lowest boiling compound present in the titanium precursor solution through the first, second, and third steps.
- the temperature control is performed (hereinafter, the temperature control is referred to as “main temperature control” for convenience).
- the temperature is lower than 97 ° C. and the titanium precursor is titanium.
- the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol is controlled to be lower than 82.4 ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 78.37 ° C.
- the cooling method for controlling the temperature the cooled gas is convected outside the reaction vessel containing the organic solvent, the titanium precursor, and the first anion source in the first step.
- the amount of the first anion source used for the reaction with the titanium precursor is set so that the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is 1.05 or more.
- an anion aqueous solution is added to the titanium precursor solution in the second step (second step (2))
- the molar ratio of the second anion source to the titanium precursor is set not to exceed 0.3, more preferably 0.2 or less.
- the anion source is properly coordinated with the titanium precursor.
- the rapid progress of hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction immediately after the addition of water or an anion aqueous solution is suppressed, and a homogeneous precursor sol free of insoluble matter that cannot be polycondensed is produced. can get.
- the third step generation of the insoluble matter as a precipitate is suppressed, and a homogeneous titania monolith gel is generated.
- the setting of the blending amounts of the first anion source or the first and second anion sources is referred to as “molar ratio control” for convenience.
- the mixing method of the raw material (organic solvent, titanium precursor, first anion source) in the first step and the raw material (titanium precursor solution, water or anion aqueous solution) in the second step is a reaction vessel.
- a method in which these liquid raw materials are put and stirred by a mechanical method such as a magnetic stirrer or a stirring blade, or a method by shaking can be used.
- the raw material can be added manually or at a uniform rate by automated mechanical means such as a pump.
- the titanium precursor is stirred under stirring in the solvent in which the organic solvent and the first anion source are mixed.
- a method of adding to prepare a homogeneous titanium precursor solution After adding the titanium precursor, a first anion source that is the same as or different from the first anion source mixed previously is added and stirred for a predetermined time to obtain a homogeneous titanium precursor. A solution may be obtained.
- a first anion source may be added with stirring to obtain a homogeneous titanium precursor solution.
- the titanium precursor solution may be prepared by directly mixing the titanium precursor and the first anion source using the first anion source as an organic solvent.
- the rate at which water or an anion aqueous solution is added to the titanium precursor solution is such that insoluble matter that cannot be polycondensed may be generated if added at once, so that the insoluble matter is not generated. It is preferable to adjust inward.
- the third step is started during or at the same time as the second step, and the addition of water or anion aqueous solution is completed by the end of the third step.
- the precursor sol is maintained at a predetermined gelation promotion temperature, and the hydrolysis reaction and polycondensation reaction started in the second step are advanced to express the sol-gel transition and the phase separation in parallel.
- the temperature increase due to the reaction between the titanium precursor and the first anion source or the first and second anion sources is suppressed by the above-described temperature control.
- the temperature of the precursor sol in the second step is usually lower than the lower limit of the gelation promotion temperature by the present temperature control. Therefore, in the third step, the precursor sol is heated to a predetermined gelation promotion temperature to cause sol-gel transition and phase separation to occur in parallel.
- the gelation promotion temperature may be set in advance in the second step, and the gelation promotion temperature may be maintained as it is in the third step. .
- the gelation promotion temperature is set higher than the freezing point temperature of the precursor sol and lower than the boiling point of the lowest boiling compound present in the titanium precursor solution. That is, the above-described temperature control is substantially performed by setting the gelation promotion temperature. Since the gelation promotion temperature is a factor that determines the time until the above-mentioned co-continuous structure is formed by promoting the sol-gel transition, the time until the co-continuous structure is formed is practically operable. It can be arbitrarily set within the above temperature range. In the present embodiment, for example, it is set within a range of 40 ° C. to 60 ° C.
- the first anion source used in the first step is a first type coordinating compound that is soluble in an organic solvent and hardly soluble in water, or both an organic solvent and water.
- a soluble second type of coordinating compound is preferred, and the second anion source used in the second step (2) is hardly soluble in the second type of coordinating compound or organic solvent, A water-soluble third type coordination compound is preferred.
- first and second type coordinating compounds include ⁇ diketones, carboxylic acids, isomers and complexes thereof exhibiting keto-enol equilibrium.
- Specific examples of the first type of coordinating compound include acetylacetone, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, propyl acetoacetate, butyl acetoacetate, and malonic ester.
- the second type of coordinating compound examples include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, and malonic acid, and alkylammonium fluoride, chloride, bromide, Iodides, nitrates, sulfates, carbonates, phosphates, acetates and perchlorates can be used.
- Examples of the third type of coordinating compound include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, typical metals, transition metals, rare earths, and fluorides such as ammonium, chlorides, bromides, iodides, nitrates, sulfates, and carbonates.
- Inorganic salts such as salts, phosphates, acetates, and perchlorates can be used.
- sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, potassium nitrate, Potassium sulfate, potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, aluminum phosphate, iron chloride, yttrium chloride, lanthanum chloride, cerium chloride, ammonium fluoride, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium vanadate, Ammonium hydrogen phosphate or the like can be used.
- Organic solvents used in the first step are alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and phenol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diethyl ketone, ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether and dioxane, methyl acetate and acetic acid.
- Esters such as ethyl and hydrocarbon organic solvents such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, and toluene can be used, and further derivatives thereof such as halides, thiols, sulfides, epoxides, nitriles, amines, amides, etc. Or an isomer.
- the organic solvent may contain a substituent of the first or second anion source described above.
- the mixing time of the first anion source and the organic solvent is increased or heating is performed before mixing the titanium precursor.
- the first anion source is sufficiently dissolved in the organic solvent by a method such as applying ultrasonic waves.
- phase separation inducer having a function of inducing sol-gel transition and spinodal decomposition type phase separation in parallel
- a coexisting substance having a function of inducing sol-gel transition and spinodal decomposition type phase separation in parallel
- phase separation inducer Due to the presence of the phase separation inducer, spinodal decomposition type phase separation is induced while the sol-gel transition and the phase separation are developed in parallel.
- a monolithic porous body having a continuous structure is obtained.
- a co-continuous structure of a through-hole and a skeleton having a three-dimensional continuous network structure is obtained, but the diameter of the through-hole and the skeleton can be controlled by adjusting the amount of the phase separation inducer.
- the addition of the phase separation inducing agent is preferably performed in the first or second step before the start of the sol-gel transition, and in particular, water or an anion aqueous solution is added to the titanium precursor solution to cause hydrolysis and polymerization. More preferably, it is performed in the first step before the condensation reaction starts.
- the order of adding the titanium precursor, the first anion source, and the phase separation inducer to the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but as an example, the organic solvent and the first anion source are added.
- a phase separation inducer may be added simultaneously with or before the addition of the first anion source.
- a method of adding the phase separation inducer or an aqueous solution in which the phase separation inducer and the second anion source are dissolved to the titanium precursor solution can be considered.
- the phase separation inducing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can be uniformly dissolved in the titanium precursor solution. Specifically, it is a sodium salt or potassium salt of polystyrene sulfonic acid, which is a polymer metal salt, or a polymer acid and dissociates.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone having a ring and the like are preferable.
- diblock or triblock copolymers (pluronic F127, P123, F68, L122, L121, etc., all of which are composed of block chains of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol containing polyether, for example, polyethers, all of which are Germany BASF products) can also be suitably used as a phase separation inducer.
- cationic surfactants such as alkylammonium halides, anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, and amphoteric surfactants such as lauryldimethylaminoacetic acid (LDA) may be used as phase separation inducers. it can.
- the cationic surfactant may be used as the first or second anion source.
- the co-continuous structure formed in the third step is immersed in water or an organic solvent, thereby removing the solvent phase from the co-continuous structure and removing the compound remaining in the wet gel. Then, the wet gel is washed.
- the wet gel immediately after gelation has not completely completed the hydrolysis / polycondensation reaction, and the wet gel can be hydrolyzed and dissolved by immersing it in water or a mixed solvent of water and a hydrophilic organic solvent.
- the polycondensation reaction can proceed. By heating when immersed in the solvent, the solubility of the compound remaining in the wet gel incorporated in the wet gel can be increased, and further, the hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction rates can be accelerated.
- the solvent examples include organic solvents mixed with the above-described titanium precursor solution. Further, even if a solution having a pH different from the isoelectric point of the gel such as acid or alkali is used as the cleaning liquid, the residue in the wet gel can be removed. Specifically, various acids including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, water-soluble amine, carbonic acid Various bases including sodium and sodium bicarbonate can be used.
- various acids including hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, water-soluble amine, carbonic acid
- bases including sodium and sodium bicarbonate can be used.
- the wet gel is dried following the washing of the wet gel. Drying of the wet gel may adopt natural drying, drying under reduced pressure under vacuum, drying under heating using an electric oven, etc., low surface with lower surface tension than the solvent in the wet gel It is also preferable to employ drying after substituting with a tension solvent, drying by freeze sublimation, and supercritical drying performed in a non-surface tension state after replacing the solvent in the wet gel with carbon dioxide in a supercritical state. .
- the obtained dried gel can be sintered by firing to form a porous titania monolith sintered body.
- FIG. 2 shows the names of the titanium precursor, the organic solvent, and the first anion source used in the first step and the amounts thereof for Examples 1 to 25 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 produced by this production method 1.
- (Unit: mL) or weight (unit: g), amount of water added in the second step (unit: mL), and addition amount (unit: g) when the phase separation inducer is added indicate.
- the comparative example 6 is classified into the group produced with this manufacturing method 1, the 1st process is omitted.
- the first anion source is denoted as anion source 1A and anion source 1B, respectively.
- FIGS. 3 and 5 show the titanium precursor, the organic solvent, the first anion source used in the first step, and their amounts (units: units) in Examples 26 to 39 and Comparative Examples 13 to 18 produced by this production method 2.
- mL the amount of anion aqueous solution added in the second step
- unit: M the type, volume molarity
- unit: g weight
- the addition amount (unit: g) when the inducer is added is collectively displayed.
- the first and second anion sources are denoted as anion source 1 and anion source 2, respectively.
- the types of titanium precursors are indicated by symbols A1 to A3, the types of organic solvents are indicated by symbols B1 and B2, and the types of the first and second ion sources are indicated by symbols C1 to C5.
- A1 represents titanium isopropoxide
- A2 represents titanium n-propoxide
- A3 represents titanium ethoxide
- B1 represents 1-propanol
- B2 represents methanol
- C1 represents ethyl acetoacetate
- C2 represents acetic acid
- C3 represents ammonium nitrate
- C4 represents tetraethylammonium nitrate
- C5 represents tetraethylammonium chloride.
- FIG. 4 shows the conditions of the present temperature control, gelation acceleration temperature, and titanium of the first anion source (anion sources 1A and 1B) of Examples 1 to 25 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 produced by the present production method 1.
- Each molar ratio and total molar ratio with respect to the precursor, gelation time, and special notes for cases where gelation does not normally occur (comparative example) are collectively displayed.
- FIG. 5 shows the conditions of the present temperature control, the gelation acceleration temperature, the first and second anion sources (anion sources 1, 2 and 1) of Examples 26 to 39 and Comparative Examples 13 to 18 produced by this production method 2.
- the gelation time was measured as the time from the addition of water or an anion aqueous solution to the precursor sol until the precursor sol loses fluidity.
- Examples 1 to 17, 26 to 35 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8, 13 to 18 use titanium isopropoxide (A1).
- -21, 36, 37 and Comparative Examples 9-11 use titanium n-propoxide (A2), and
- Examples 22-25, 38, 39 and Comparative Example 12 use titanium ethoxide (A3). .
- Examples 1 to 12, 15, 16, 18 to 33, 36 to 38 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 and 9 to 18 are 1-propanol (B1).
- Example 17 and Comparative Example 8 use methanol (B2), and Examples 13, 14, 34, 35, and 39 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7 do not use an organic solvent.
- the first anion source (anion source 1A) is substantially used as an organic solvent, and in the first step, a titanium precursor is used. And the first anion source (anion source 1A) are directly mixed to prepare a titanium precursor solution.
- Examples 1 to 11, 13 to 39 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, 7 to 18 are ethyl acetoacetate (C1 ), Example 12 uses acetic acid (C2), and Comparative Example 6 does not use the first and second anion sources.
- Examples 9, 10, 15 to 17 and Comparative Examples 5 and 8 use ammonium nitrate (C3).
- tetraethylammonium nitrate (C4) was used, and in the other examples and comparative examples produced by the present production method 1, an additional first anion source (anion source 1B) was used.
- anion source 1B tetraethylammonium nitrate
- Examples 26 to 32, 34, 36 to 39 and Comparative Examples 13 to 18 use ammonium nitrate (C3).
- Example 33 uses tetraethylammonium chloride (C5) and
- Example 35 uses acetic acid (C2).
- Examples 15 to 17, 37, 39 and Comparative Example 8 are solvents in which an organic solvent and a first anion source (anion source 1A) are mixed in the first step.
- a first anion source anion source 1A
- polyethylene glycol molecular weight 35000
- polyethylene glycol is indicated by the symbol D.
- the above-described phase separation inducer is not added in the first and second steps.
- Examples 1 to 39 and Comparative Examples 1 to 18 were prepared using an organic solvent, a first anion source (anion sources 1A and 1B), a second anion source (anion source 2), and a phase separation inducer, respectively. If classified according to the presence or absence of, as shown in FIG. 6, it is classified into nine groups.
- Each example of groups 1 to 4 is prepared by the present manufacturing method 1 (using water in the second step), and each comparative example of groups 1 to 4 is at least one of the above-described temperature control and molar ratio control.
- Each of the Examples 5 to 8 was prepared in the same manner as in Production Method 1 except that either one of the above was not performed, and each of Examples 5 to 8 was produced in Production Method 2 (using an anion aqueous solution in the second step).
- Each comparative example of 8 is produced in the same manner as the production method 2 except that at least one of the above-described temperature control and molar ratio control is not performed.
- the first step is omitted.
- an organic solvent, a first anion source (anion source 1A, 1B), a second anion source (anion source) 2) None of the phase separation inducer is used, and the titanium precursor in the second step By adding water directly to the titanium isopropoxide) are adjusted precursor sol.
- Groups 1 to 3, 5, and 6 use an organic solvent different from the first anion source (anion source 1A) in the first step.
- Groups 4, 7, and 8 share the first anion source (anion source 1A) as an organic solvent in the first step, and are different from the first anion source (anion source 1A). Solvents are not used separately.
- Groups 2 and 3 use two types of first anion sources (anion sources 1A and 1B) in the first step of the manufacturing method 1.
- Group 3 uses a phase separation inducer in the first step of production method 1
- groups 6 and 8 use a phase separation inducer in the first step of production method 2. Yes.
- the group 1 is manufactured by the basic configuration of the manufacturing method 1 and the group 2 is an additional first anion source (anion source) in the first step of the basic manufacturing method 1. 1B), and Group 3 uses an additional first anion source (anion source 1B) and a phase separation inducer in the first step of the basic production method 1
- the group 4 also uses the first anion source (anion source 1A) as an organic solvent in the first step of the basic production method 1.
- Group 5 is produced by the basic configuration of the present manufacturing method 2, and group 6 uses a phase separation inducer in the first step of the basic manufacturing method 2, and group 7
- the first anion source (anion source 1A) is also used as an organic solvent.
- the first anion source (anion source 1A) is also used as an organic solvent, and a phase separation inducer is used.
- Examples and comparative examples not described below can be prepared in the same procedure by changing raw materials to be used and their amounts based on the following examples and comparative examples in the same group. it can.
- Example 1 > 2.1 mL of ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A) and 3.4 mL of 1-propanol (organic solvent) were mixed, and 5 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added with stirring.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source to titanium isopropoxide is 1.05.
- titanium isopropoxide When titanium isopropoxide is added, it generates intense heat, but after stirring for 3 hours while keeping the solution temperature at 70 ° C. by air cooling to a homogeneous titanium precursor solution, at a gelation promoting temperature of 40 ° C.
- the precursor sol obtained by adding 1 mL of water dropwise with stirring was allowed to stand at a gelation promoting temperature of 40 ° C., and gelled in 15 seconds to obtain a transparent wet gel.
- the obtained wet gel was immersed in 50 mL of 80% aqueous ethanol solution at 40 ° C. for 12 hours, subsequently immersed in 50 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol solution in the same manner, and then immersed in 50 mL of distilled water under the same conditions. After the gel wet in distilled water was taken out and dried naturally, the dried gel was heat treated at 300 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a sintered gel.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 3 (Group 1)> 2 mL of ethyl acetoacetate and 3.5 mL of 1-propanol were mixed, and 5 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added with stirring.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source to titanium isopropoxide is 1.0.
- titanium isopropoxide When titanium isopropoxide is added, it generates a violent heat.
- it was stirred for 3 hours while keeping the solution temperature at 70 ° C. by air cooling to obtain a homogeneous titanium precursor solution.
- 1 mL of water was added dropwise with stirring at the gelation promotion temperature, gelation occurred instantaneously and precipitates were generated.
- This temperature control was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, but the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide was 1.0, and the molar ratio control condition (1. As a result, a homogeneous gel was not obtained.
- Example 9 (Group 2)> Ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A) (20 mL) and 1-propanol (organic solvent) (35 mL) were mixed, and in the same manner as in Example 1, while maintaining the temperature of the exothermic solution at 70 ° C. by air cooling, titanium (IV ) 50 mL of isopropoxide was added to obtain a homogeneous solution, and 0.8 g of ammonium nitrate (anion source 1B) was further added, followed by stirring for 3 hours to obtain a homogeneous titanium precursor solution.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide is 1.0
- the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1B) is 0.05
- the first anion The total molar ratio of the sources (anion sources 1A, 1B) is 1.05.
- the precursor sol obtained by dripping 10 mL of water at 40 ° C. gelation promoting temperature into the titanium precursor solution with stirring was allowed to stand at a gelation promoting temperature of 40 ° C. and gelled in 3 minutes to be transparent and wet. A gel was obtained.
- the obtained wet gel was immersed in 500 mL of an 80% ethanol aqueous solution at 40 ° C.
- FIG. 7 shows the pore structure analysis result of the obtained sintered gel by the nitrogen gas adsorption / desorption method.
- the sintered gel is a monolithic porous body having a pore diameter peak of 8 nm, a pore diameter of about 3 to 10 nm, a specific surface area of 203 m 2 / g, and a pore volume of 0.29 cm 3 / g. It was confirmed.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 5 (Group 2)> 20 mL of ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A) and 35 mL of 1-propanol (organic solvent) were mixed, and 50 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added with stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution.
- titanium isopropoxide When titanium isopropoxide was added, it generated a lot of heat, but it did not suppress the solution temperature during the exotherm, so the solvent boiled during the mixing of the titanium precursor and the solvent was about 1/5 to 1/4. Decreased.
- the solution temperature was about 90 ° C to 95 ° C.
- 0.8 g of ammonium nitrate (anion source 1B) was added and stirred for 3 hours to obtain a titanium precursor solution.
- Example 9 the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide was 1.0, and the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1B) was 0. 05, the total molar ratio of the first anion source (anion sources 1A and 1B) is 1.05, and the molar ratio control condition (1.05 or more) is satisfied, but this temperature control is not performed. As a result, a homogeneous gel was not obtained.
- Example 15 (Group 3)> The same production procedure as in Example 9 above, except that in the first step of production method 1, 2.5 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 35000) as a phase separation inducer was mixed before the addition of titanium isopropoxide. A sintered gel was obtained.
- FIG. 8 shows the pore structure analysis result of the obtained sintered gel by the nitrogen gas adsorption / desorption method.
- the sintered gel is a monolithic porous body having a pore diameter peak of 6 nm, a pore diameter of about 3 to 9 nm, a specific surface area of 215 m 2 / g, and a pore volume of 0.27 cm 3 / g. It was confirmed.
- FIG. 9 shows that the sintered gel is a porous body having a co-continuous structure with a skeleton diameter and a through-hole diameter of about 1 ⁇ m, and when combined with the pore structure analysis results, a two-stage hierarchical porous structure is obtained. It was confirmed to be a porous titania monolith.
- Example 16 (Group 3)> The through-holes of the titania monolith porous body can be adjusted by changing the amount of the phase separation inducer to be added.
- the amount of polyethylene glycol was 3.0 g, and the others were produced by the same production procedure as in Example 15 described above.
- An electron micrograph of the obtained sintered gel is shown in FIG. FIG. 10 shows that the sintered gel is a porous body having a co-continuous structure with a skeleton diameter and a through-hole diameter of about 2 to 3 ⁇ m.
- the pore structure of the obtained sintered gel is the same as that of the above-mentioned Example 15, description of an analysis result is abbreviate
- Example 13 (Group 4)> To 5.5 mL of ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A), add 5 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide under stirring while keeping the solution temperature at the exothermic temperature to 70 ° C. by air cooling in the same manner as in Example 1. After preparing a titanium precursor solution, the precursor sol obtained by dripping 1 mL of water under stirring was allowed to stand at a gelation promoting temperature of 40 ° C., and gelled in 60 minutes to obtain a transparent wet gel. The molar ratio of the first anion source to titanium isopropoxide is 2.75.
- Example 14 (Group 4)> A sintered gel was obtained by the same production procedure as in Example 9 except that the gelation promotion temperature in the third step of the production method 1 was 60 ° C. The gel time was reduced from 60 minutes in Example 13 to 10 minutes.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 8 (Group 4)> A titanium precursor solution was prepared by adding 5 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide to 5.5 mL of ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A) under stirring. When titanium isopropoxide was added, the heat generated intensely, but the solution temperature during exotherm was not suppressed, so the solvent boiled during the mixing of the titanium precursor and decreased. The solution temperature was about 90 ° C to 95 ° C. When 1 mL of water was dropped into the titanium precursor solution after the solvent reduction with stirring, a precipitate was generated in the precursor sol and became opaque, and the obtained precursor sol was allowed to stand at a gelation promoting temperature of 40 ° C. However, a homogeneous gel was not obtained.
- Example 13 the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide was 2.75, and the molar ratio control condition (1.05 or more) was satisfied. As a result of this temperature control not being performed, a homogeneous gel was not obtained.
- Example 28 (Group 5)> Ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A) (20 mL) and 1-propanol (organic solvent) (35 mL) were mixed, and in the same manner as in Example 1, while maintaining the temperature of the exothermic solution at 70 ° C. by air cooling, titanium (IV ) Add 50 mL of isopropoxide to make a homogeneous titanium precursor solution, and then add 10 mL of a 1 mol / L aqueous ammonium nitrate solution with stirring at a gelling acceleration temperature of 40 ° C. When allowed to stand at the gelation acceleration temperature, it gelled in 1 minute and a transparent wet gel was obtained.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide is 1.0
- the molar ratio of the second anion source (anion source 2) is 0.05
- the first and second The total molar ratio of the anion sources (anion sources 1A, 2) is 1.05.
- the obtained wet gel was immersed in 500 mL of an 80% ethanol aqueous solution at 40 ° C. for 12 hours, subsequently immersed in 500 mL of 50% ethanol aqueous solution in the same manner, and then immersed in 500 mL of distilled water under the same conditions. After the gel wet in distilled water was taken out and dried naturally, the dried gel was heat treated at 300 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a sintered gel.
- Example 29 (group 5)> 200 mL of ethyl acetoacetate and 350 mL of 1-propanol were mixed, and 500 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added with stirring while keeping the solution temperature at the exotherm to 70 ° C. with a water-cooled jacket to obtain a homogeneous titanium precursor solution. Thereafter, the precursor sol obtained by dropping 100 mL of a 1 mol / L ammonium nitrate aqueous solution at a gelation acceleration temperature of 40 ° C. was allowed to stand at a gelation acceleration temperature of 40 ° C. Obtained.
- the molar ratio and the total molar ratio of the first and second anion sources (anion sources 1A, 2) to titanium isopropoxide are the same as those in Example 31 described above. According to this production method, even if the titanium precursor solution prepared in the first step is greatly increased, a homogeneous titania monolith porous body can be produced.
- anion source 2 Although gelled, needle-like crystals were generated, and ammonium nitrate (anion source 2) was precipitated without dissolving, and a homogeneous gel was not obtained.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide is 0.75
- the molar ratio of the second anion source (anion source 2) is 0.3
- the first and second The total molar ratio of the anion sources (anion sources 1A, 2) is 1.05.
- the total molar ratio of 1.05 of the first and second anion sources satisfies the molar ratio control condition (1.05 or more) with respect to the total molar ratio, but ammonium nitrate (anion source 2) is 1- Despite being sparingly soluble in 2-propanol, a by-product of the reaction of propanol and ethyl acetoacetate with titanium isopropoxide, the molar ratio control conditions (0. As a result, a homogeneous gel was not obtained.
- Example 37 (Group 6)> Mix 2.5 mL of ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A) and 2.5 mL of 1-propanol (organic solvent), and further mix 0.35 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 35000) as a phase separation inducer, and air-cool. While keeping the solution temperature at exotherm at 80 ° C., 5 mL of titanium n-isopropoxide was added with stirring to obtain a homogeneous titanium precursor solution, and further 1 mL of 1 mol / L ammonium nitrate aqueous solution at a gelation promotion temperature of 40 ° C.
- the precursor sol obtained by dripping the solution under stirring was allowed to stand at a gelation promoting temperature of 40 ° C., and gelled in 2 minutes to obtain a transparent wet gel.
- the obtained wet gel was immersed in 50 mL of 80% aqueous ethanol solution at 40 ° C. for 12 hours, subsequently immersed in 50 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol solution in the same manner, and then immersed in 50 mL of distilled water under the same conditions. After the gel wet in distilled water was taken out and dried naturally, the dried gel was heat-treated at 300 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a sintered gel having a two-stage hierarchical porous structure.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium n-propoxide is 1.2
- the molar ratio of the second anion source (anion source 2) is 0.05
- the first and first The total molar ratio of the two anion sources (anion sources 1A, 2) is 1.25.
- the lowest boiling compound in the titanium precursor solution is 1-propanol having a boiling point of about 97 to 98 ° C. Only by suppressing the temperature of the titanium precursor solution during heat generation to 80 ° C., boiling of the solvent can be avoided.
- Example 34 (Group 7)> To 5.5 mL of ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A), 5 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added with stirring while keeping the temperature of the exothermic solution at 70 ° C. by air cooling, and the homogeneous titanium precursor solution and Then, 1 mL of a 1 mol / L ammonium nitrate aqueous solution was added dropwise with stirring, and the resulting precursor sol was allowed to stand at a gelation promoting temperature of 40 ° C., and gelled in 180 minutes or more to obtain a transparent wet gel. The obtained wet gel was immersed in 50 mL of 80% aqueous ethanol solution at 40 ° C.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide is 3, the molar ratio of the second anion source (anion source 2) is 0.05, and the first and second anions
- the total molar ratio of the ion sources (anion sources 1A, 2) is 3.05.
- Example 35 (Group 7)> To 2.5 mL of ethyl acetoacetate (anion source 1A), 5 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added with stirring while suppressing the temperature of the exothermic solution to 70 ° C. by air cooling, and the homogeneous titanium precursor solution and Then, 1 mL of an acetic acid aqueous solution containing 3 g of acetic acid (anion source 2) was added dropwise with stirring at a gelling acceleration temperature of 40 ° C., and the precursor sol obtained was allowed to stand at a gelling acceleration temperature of 40 ° C. However, it gelled in 30 seconds and a transparent wet gel was obtained.
- the obtained wet gel was immersed in 50 mL of 80% aqueous ethanol solution at 40 ° C. for 12 hours, subsequently immersed in 50 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol solution in the same manner, and then immersed in 50 mL of distilled water under the same conditions. After the gel wet in distilled water was taken out and dried naturally, the dried gel was heat treated at 300 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a sintered gel.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source (anion source 1A) to titanium isopropoxide is 1.25
- the molar ratio of the second anion source (anion source 2) is 3, the first and second anions
- the total molar ratio of the ion sources (anion sources 1A, 2) is 4.25.
- Example 38 since the second ion source, acetic acid, is soluble in 2-propanol, a byproduct of the reaction of ethyl acetoacetate and titanium isopropoxide, the second anion source moles.
- the molar ratio control condition (less than 0.3) with respect to the ratio is not applicable, and a homogeneous titania monolith porous body can be obtained even if the condition is not satisfied.
- Example 39 (Group 8)> The same production procedure as in Example 37 above, except that 0.24 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 35000) as a phase separation inducer was mixed before the addition of titanium isopropoxide in the first step of production method 1. A sintered gel having a two-stage hierarchical porous structure was obtained. A monolith porous body can be obtained.
- Comparative Example 6 (Group 9)> Without preparing the titanium precursor solution according to the first step of this production method 1, the gelation acceleration of 40 ° C. was achieved while keeping the solution temperature at 70 ° C. during exothermic cooling to 5 mL of titanium (IV) isopropoxide. When 1 mL of water was directly added dropwise with stirring at a temperature, gelation occurred instantaneously and a precipitate was generated. Comparative Example 6 is an extreme comparative example in which the molar ratio control condition (1.05 or more) is not satisfied.
- the control conditions for this temperature control are confirmed.
- the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol are less than the boiling point of the lowest boiling compound present in the titanium precursor solution.
- Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 are compared with Example 9 and Comparative Example 5 and Example 13 and Comparative Example 7 are respectively compared, only the presence or absence of this temperature control is different.
- the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol is controlled to 70 ° C., which is lower than 82.4 ° C. (boiling point of 2-propanol), but a homogeneous wet gel is obtained.
- Comparative Examples 4, 5 and 7, since this temperature control was not performed the temperature increased from 82.4 ° C.
- Example 9 the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol is controlled to 70 ° C. lower than 82.4 ° C. (the boiling point of 2-propanol)
- Example 10 the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol is controlled to 80 to 82 ° C., which is slightly lower than 82.4 ° C. (the boiling point of 2-propanol). Is sufficiently reasonable.
- Example 17 and Comparative Example 8 are compared, only the presence or absence of this temperature control is different.
- Example 17 the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol was changed from the boiling point of organic solvent methanol of 64.7 ° C. A homogeneous wet gel was obtained by controlling to a low temperature of 60 ° C., whereas in Comparative Example 8, since this temperature control was not performed, a temperature higher than 64.7 ° C. (the boiling point of methanol) was 95. The temperature rose to ⁇ 100 ° C., and a precipitate was generated, and a homogeneous wet gel was not obtained. Further, when Example 20 and Comparative Examples 10 and 11 are compared, only the presence or absence of this temperature control is different. In Example 20, the temperature of the titanium precursor solution and the precursor sol is about 97 to 98 ° C.
- Example 11 By controlling to 70 ° C., which is lower than the boiling point of propanol, a homogeneous wet gel was obtained, whereas in Comparative Example 10, this temperature control was not performed, so about 97 to 98 ° C. (1 Although the gelation was carried out by raising the temperature to approximately 95-100 ° C, which is approximately the same temperature as the boiling point of -propanol, the gelation time varies, becomes unstable, and there is a problem in reproducibility. In Example 11, instead of this temperature control, the temperature of the titanium precursor solution was forcibly maintained at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and even when water was added in the second step, the phases were separated and not homogeneous. No sol was produced and gelled.
- the control condition is that in the present production method 1, the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is set to 1.05 or more. In the present production method 2, the first and second conditions for the titanium precursor are set. The total molar ratio of the anion source is 1.05 or more. This condition is referred to as a first control condition for molar ratio control. However, in this production method 2, when the second anion source is sparingly soluble in an organic solvent (including a by-product obtained by reaction of the titanium precursor with the first anion source), the titanium precursor The molar ratio of the second anion source to is less than 0.3, and more preferably 0.2 or less. This condition is referred to as the second control condition of the molar ratio control in the present production method 2.
- the titanium precursor, the organic solvent, and the first anion source used are the same.
- the molar ratio of 1 anion source is different.
- the molar ratio changes in the range of 1.05 to 2.5, and the gelation time tends to become longer as the molar ratio increases. A homogeneous wet gel is obtained without this.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 the molar ratio changes in the range of 0.5 to 1.0, but all of them have a small amount of the first anion source in the first step. Further, stabilization with respect to the titanium precursor is insufficient, gelation occurs instantaneously, and precipitates are also generated.
- Examples 18 and 19 are compared with Comparative Example 9, only the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is different.
- the molar ratios of Examples 18 and 19 are 1.05 and 1.1, and a homogeneous wet gel is obtained without any precipitation.
- the molar ratio of Comparative Example 9 is 1.0, gelation occurs instantaneously and precipitates are also generated.
- Examples 22 and 23 are compared with Comparative Example 12, only the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor is different.
- the molar ratios of Examples 22 and 23 are 1.05 and 1.1, and a homogeneous wet gel is obtained without any precipitation.
- the molar ratio of Comparative Example 12 is 1.0, gelation occurs, but a precipitate is generated in a few seconds, and the gelation proceeds while including the precipitate, resulting in a very heterogeneous wet gel.
- the first anion source is one kind of ethyl acetoacetate.
- the first anion source is two kinds of ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium nitrate, and the molar ratio of ethyl acetoacetate to the titanium precursor is 1.0, but the molar ratio of ammonium nitrate is 0.05.
- the total molar ratio of both is 1.05, and the first control condition of the above-described molar ratio control is substantially satisfied, and is the same as those in Examples 1 to 8, 18, 19, 22, and 23 described above.
- a normally homogeneous wet gel is obtained.
- Ammonium nitrate is sparingly soluble in organic solvents, but if it is in a small amount, it can dissolve in the organic solvent and react with the titanium precursor, so that the molar ratio of the main first anion source is less than 1.05. You can make up for the minute. This point also coincides with the result of manufacturing method 2 described later.
- the titanium precursor, the organic solvent, and the first and second anion sources used are the same, but the titanium precursor is used.
- Each molar ratio and total molar ratio of the first and second anion sources to the body is different.
- the molar ratio of the first anion source to the titanium precursor varied in the range of 0.85 to 1.0
- the molar ratio of the second anion source to the titanium precursor was 0.00.
- the total molar ratio of the first and second anion sources to the titanium precursor varies in the range of 1.05 to 1.2
- the gelation time is the total molar ratio.
- the molar ratio of the second anion source is 0.3 or more, and a part of the ammonium nitrate is not completely dissolved but precipitates to generate needle crystals.
- the acicular crystals may be removed together with the solvent phase in the fourth step if the amount is small, but may be incorporated into the wet gel when the amount of precipitation increases, and a homogeneous wet gel is obtained. It becomes a hindrance factor and a problem.
- the molar ratio of the second anion source is preferably suppressed to less than 0.3, and more preferably 0.2 or less.
- Example 33 and Example 35 since a compound soluble in an organic solvent is used as the second anion source, even if the molar ratio of the second anion source is 0.3 or more, No deposition of the second anion source has occurred. That is, when using a compound soluble in an organic solvent as the second anion source, it can be seen that the second control condition for controlling the molar ratio is not necessary.
- the titanium precursors are titanium n-propoxide and titanium ethoxide, which are different from the titanium precursors (titanium isopropoxide) of Examples 26 to 32. Both the first and second control conditions for controlling the molar ratio were satisfied, and in the same manner as in Examples 26 to 32, a homogeneous wet gel was obtained without any precipitation. From the above results, when the titanium precursor is any of titanium isopropoxide, titanium n-propoxide, and titanium ethoxide, the first and second control conditions for molar ratio control in Production Method 2 are satisfied. It can be seen that a normally homogeneous wet gel is obtained.
- the case where the first control condition of the molar ratio control in the production method 2 is not satisfied has not been confirmed using a comparative example, but in Examples 26 to 32 and 36 to 39, a titanium precursor is used.
- a titanium precursor is used as a result of this production method 1, in particular, Examples 9, 10, and 15 to 17 are included in the example in which the total molar ratio of the first and second anion sources to 1.05 is 1.05. It is obvious that the first control condition is appropriate also in the present manufacturing method 2 in combination with the result.
- the production methods 1 and 2 have been described in detail mainly using ethyl acetoacetate as the first anion source and ammonium nitrate as the second anion source.
- the first and second anion sources are not limited to ethyl acetoacetate or ammonium nitrate.
- the first and second anion sources need only release protons and act as anions in the reaction with the titanium precursor, and can coordinate with the titanium precursor. Can be used. This point is also clear from the fact that, in Examples 11, 12, 33, and 35 using an anion source other than ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium nitrate, the anion source performs the intended function.
- 25 and Examples 9 to 10 and 15 to 17 in which the ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium nitrate that is sparingly soluble in an organic solvent were used in combination.
- the molar ratio of ethyl acetoacetate to the titanium precursor is fixed at 1.0
- the molar ratio of ammonium nitrate is fixed at 0.05
- the total molar ratio of both is fixed at 1.05. .
- the production method 2 when the first anion source used in the production method 1 as an auxiliary is poorly soluble in an organic solvent, the production method 2 It is considered that the second control condition of the molar ratio control is valid as it is. Therefore, in this production method 1, when two types of anion source soluble in an organic solvent and a poorly soluble anion source are used as the first anion source, a poorly soluble anion source for the titanium precursor is used.
- the molar ratio of the ion source is preferably less than 3.0, more preferably 2.0 or less. Furthermore, the molar ratio of the soluble anion source to the titanium precursor is preferably 0.85 or more.
- the production methods 1 and 2 are described in detail using three types of titanium alkoxides of titanium n-propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, and titanium ethoxide as the titanium precursor.
- titanium alkoxides which have a longer molecular chain than these three types (eg, titanium n-butoxide, titanium s-butoxide, titanium t-butoxide, etc.) are also less reactive than the above three types of titanium alkoxides. Since it is stable, it can be used as a titanium precursor in this production method.
- Titanium methoxide has a shorter molecular chain than the above three types of titanium alkoxides and has high reactivity and lacks stability, so it is considered difficult to use as a titanium precursor.
- the first control condition of the above molar ratio control for three types of titanium alkoxides titanium n-propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium ethoxide
- the same conditions may be used for titanium methoxide.
- the molar ratio of the anion source to titanium methoxide is 1 By setting it larger than 0.05, there is a possibility that titanium methoxide can be used as a titanium precursor in the present production method.
- the by-product generated by the reaction of titanium methoxide with the anion source is methanol (boiling point: 64.7 ° C.).
- the temperature control conditions were set as follows. By setting the temperature to 60 ° C. or less, a normally homogeneous titania gel can be produced. Therefore, even when the titanium precursor is titanium methoxide, this temperature control can be applied as it is.
- the method for producing a titania monolith porous body according to the present invention can be used for producing a monolith porous body made of titania having a three-dimensional continuous network structure by a sol-gel method using various titanium alkoxides as titanium precursors.
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Abstract
Description
有機溶媒中で、チタン前駆体と第1の陰イオン源を混合させてチタン前駆体溶液を調製する第1の工程と、
前記チタン前駆体溶液に水または第2の陰イオン源を含む水溶液を加え、加水分解反応と重縮合反応を開始させてゾルを調製する第2の工程と、
前記ゾルに対して、所定のゲル化促進温度に維持して、前記加水分解反応と前記重縮合反応の進行により、ゾルゲル転移と相分離を並行して発現させてチタニアヒドロゲル相と溶媒相の共連続構造体を形成する第3の工程と、
前記共連続構造体から前記溶媒相を除去する第4の工程と、を有し、
前記チタン前駆体は、チタンメトキシドを除くチタンアルコキシドであり、
前記第1及び第2の陰イオン源は、前記チタン前駆体との反応でプロトンを放出して陰イオンとして作用し、前記チタン前駆体と配位結合する化合物であり、
前記第1、第2、及び、第3の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液及び前記ゾルの温度を、前記チタン前駆体溶液中に存在する最も低沸点の化合物の沸点より低温に維持し、
前記第2の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液に水を加える場合は、前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第1の陰イオン源のモル比が1.05以上となるように、前記第1の陰イオン源の配合量を設定し、
前記第2の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液に前記第2の陰イオン源を含む水溶液を加える場合は、前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の合計のモル比が1.05以上となるように、但し、前記第2の陰イオン源が前記有機溶媒に対して難溶性の場合は前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第2の陰イオン源のモル比が3.0を超えないように、前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の配合量を設定することを特徴とするモノリス多孔体の製造方法を提供する。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)2.1mLと1-プロパノール(有機溶媒)3.4mLとを混合し、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLを加えた。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源のモル比は1.05である。チタンイソプロポキシドを添加した際に激しく発熱するが、空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら3時間撹拌して均質なチタン前駆体溶液とした後、40℃のゲル化促進温度で水1mLを撹拌下で滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを引き続き40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ15秒でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。得られた湿潤ゲルを80%エタノール水溶液50mLに40℃で12時間浸漬し、続けて50%エタノール水溶液50mLに同様に浸漬し、その後は蒸留水50mLに同様の条件で浸漬した。蒸留水に湿潤したゲルを取り出し自然乾燥させたあと、乾燥ゲルを300℃にて2時間熱処理して焼結ゲルを得た。
アセト酢酸エチル2mLと1-プロパノール3.5mLとを混合し、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLを加えた。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源のモル比は1.0である。チタンイソプロポキシドを添加した際に激しく発熱するが、実施例1と同様に空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら3時間撹拌して均質なチタン前駆体溶液とした後、40℃のゲル化促進温度で水1mLを撹拌下で滴下したところ瞬時にゲル化して、沈殿物が発生した。
実施例1と同様に、本温度制御が行われたが、チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比が1.0であり、モル比制御条件(1.05以上)が満たされなかった結果、均質なゲルは得られなかった。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)20mLと1-プロパノール(有機溶媒)35mLとを混合し、実施例1と同様に空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド50mLを加え均一な溶液とし、更に、硝酸アンモニウム(陰イオン源1B)0.8gを追加し、3時間撹拌して均質なチタン前駆体溶液を得た。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は1.0、第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1B)のモル比は0.05、第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,1B)の合計モル比は1.05である。当該チタン前駆体溶液に40℃のゲル化促進温度で水10mLを撹拌下で滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを引き続き40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ3分でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。得られた湿潤ゲルを80%エタノール水溶液500mLに40℃で12時間浸漬し、続けて50%エタノール水溶液500mLに同様に浸漬し、その後は蒸留水500mLに同様の条件で浸漬した。蒸留水に湿潤したゲルを取り出し自然乾燥させたあと、乾燥ゲルを300℃にて2時間熱処理して焼結ゲルを得た。得られた焼結ゲルの窒素ガス吸脱着法による細孔構造解析結果を図7に示す。焼結ゲルは、細孔直径ピークが8nm、細孔直径が約3~10nmの範囲に分布し、比表面積が203m2/g、細孔容積が0.29cm3/gのモノリス多孔体であることが確認された。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)20mLと1-プロパノール(有機溶媒)35mLとを混合し、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド50mLを加え均一な溶液とした。チタンイソプロポキシドを添加した際に激しく発熱したが、発熱時の溶液温度の抑制をしなかったため、チタン前駆体の混合中に溶媒が沸騰し、5分の1~4分の1程度の溶媒が減少した。溶液温度は90℃~95℃程度で推移していた。その後、硝酸アンモニウム(陰イオン源1B)0.8gを加えて3時間撹拌してチタン前駆体溶液とした後、水10mLを撹拌下で滴下していったところ、前駆体ゾルに沈殿物が発生して不透明となり、均質なゲルは得られなかった。実施例9と同様に、チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は1.0、第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1B)のモル比は0.05、第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,1B)の合計モル比は1.05であり、モル比制御条件(1.05以上)は満たされたが、本温度制御が行われなかった結果、均質なゲルは得られなかった。
本製造方法1の第1の工程において、チタンイソプロポキシドの添加前に相分離誘起剤であるポリエチレングリコール(分子量35000)2.5gを混合した以外は、上述の実施例9と同様の製造手順で焼結ゲルを得た。得られた焼結ゲルの窒素ガス吸脱着法による細孔構造解析結果を図8に示す。焼結ゲルは、細孔直径ピークが6nm、細孔直径が約3~9nmの範囲に分布し、比表面積が215m2/g、細孔容積が0.27cm3/gのモノリス多孔体であることが確認された。また、得られた焼結ゲルの電子顕微鏡写真を図9に示す。図9より、当該焼結ゲルが、骨格径及び貫通孔径の夫々が約1μmの共連続構造を有する多孔体であることが分かり、細孔構造解析結果と総合すると、二段階階層的多孔構造を有するチタニアモノリス多孔体であることが確認された。
チタニアモノリス多孔体の貫通孔は添加する相分離誘起剤の量を変化させることで調整可能である。本製造方法1の第1の工程において、ポリエチレングリコールの量を3.0gとし、その他は上述の実施例15と同様の製造手順で焼結ゲルを作製した。得られた焼結ゲルの電子顕微鏡写真を図10に示す。図10より、当該焼結ゲルが、骨格径及び貫通孔径の夫々が約2~3μmの共連続構造を有する多孔体であることが分かる。尚、得られた焼結ゲルの細孔構造は、上述の実施例15と同様であるので解析結果の説明は省略する。以上より、当該焼結ゲルが、二段階階層的多孔構造を有するチタニアモノリス多孔体として、骨格径と貫通孔径が相分離誘起剤の量で制御できることが確認された。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)5.5mLに、実施例1と同様に空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら撹拌下で、チタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLを加えて、均質なチタン前駆体溶液とした後、水1mLを撹拌下で滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ60分でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源のモル比は2.75である。
本製造方法1の第3の工程におけるゲル化促進温度を60℃とした以外は、上述の実施例9と同様の製造手順で焼結ゲルを得た。ゲル化時間は、実施例13の60分から10分に短縮された。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)5.5mLに、撹拌下で、チタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLを加えてチタン前駆体溶液を調製した。チタンイソプロポキシドを添加した際に激しく発熱したが、発熱時の溶液温度の抑制をしなかったため、チタン前駆体の混合中に溶媒が沸騰して減少した。溶液温度は90℃~95℃程度で推移していた。溶媒減少後のチタン前駆体溶液に水1mLを撹拌下で滴下したところ、前駆体ゾルに沈殿物が発生して不透明となり、得られた前駆体ゾルを40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したが均質なゲルは得られなかった。実施例13と同様に、チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は2.75であり、モル比制御条件(1.05以上)は満たされたが、本温度制御が行われなかった結果、均質なゲルは得られなかった。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)20mLと1-プロパノール(有機溶媒)35mLとを混合し、実施例1と同様に空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド50mLを加え均質なチタン前駆体溶液とし、更に、40℃のゲル化促進温度にて1mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液10mLを撹拌下で滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを引き続き40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ1分でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は1.0、第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源2)のモル比は0.05、第1及び第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,2)の合計モル比は1.05である。得られた湿潤ゲルを80%エタノール水溶液500mLに40℃で12時間浸漬し、続けて50%エタノール水溶液500mLに同様に浸漬し、その後は蒸留水500mLに同様の条件で浸漬した。蒸留水に湿潤したゲルを取り出し自然乾燥させたあと、乾燥ゲルを300℃にて2時間熱処理して焼結ゲルを得た。
アセト酢酸エチル200mLと1-プロパノール350mLとを混合し、水冷ジャケットにより発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド500mLを加え均質なチタン前駆体溶液とした後、40℃のゲル化促進温度で1mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液100mLを滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを引き続き40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ1分でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1及び第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,2)の各モル比及び合計モル比は、上述の実施例31と同じである。本製造方法によれば、第1の工程で調整するチタン前駆体溶液が大幅に増大しても、均質なチタニアモノリス多孔体を製造可能である。
アセト酢酸エチル1.5mLと1-プロパノール4mLとを混合し、実施例1と同様に空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLを加え均質なチタン前駆体溶液とした後、40℃のゲル化促進温度で6mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液1mLを滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを引き続き40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ3分でゲル化したが、針状結晶が発生し、硝酸アンモニウム(陰イオン源2)が溶解せずに析出し、均質なゲルが得られなかった。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は0.75、第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源2)のモル比は0.3、第1及び第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,2)の合計モル比は1.05である。第1及び第2の陰イオン源の合計モル比1.05は、合計モル比に対するモル比制御条件(1.05以上)は満足しているが、硝酸アンモニウム(陰イオン源2)が、1-プロパノール及びアセト酢酸エチルとチタンイソプロポキシドの反応の副生成物である2-プロパノールに対して難溶性であるにも拘わらず、第2の陰イオン源のモル比に対するモル比制御条件(0.3未満)が満たされなかった結果、均質なゲルが得られなかった。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)2.5mLと1-プロパノール(有機溶媒)2.5mLとを混合し、更に、相分離誘起剤であるポリエチレングリコール(分子量35000)0.35gを混合し、空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を80℃に抑えながら、撹拌下でチタンn-イソプロポキシド5mLを加え均質なチタン前駆体溶液とし、更に、40℃のゲル化促進温度で1mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液1mLを撹拌下で滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを引き続き40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ2分でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。得られた湿潤ゲルを80%エタノール水溶液50mLに40℃で12時間浸漬し、続けて50%エタノール水溶液50mLに同様に浸漬し、その後は蒸留水50mLに同様の条件で浸漬した。蒸留水に湿潤したゲルを取り出し自然乾燥させたあと、乾燥ゲルを300℃にて2時間熱処理して、二段階階層的多孔構造を有する焼結ゲルを得た。チタンn-プロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は1.2、第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源2)のモル比は0.05、第1及び第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,2)の合計モル比は1.25である。実施例40では、チタン前駆体としてチタンn-イソプロポキシドを使用しているため、チタン前駆体溶液中の最も低沸点の化合物は、沸点が約97~98℃の1-プロパノールであるため、発熱時のチタン前駆体溶液の温度を80℃に抑えるだけで、溶媒の沸騰は回避できる。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)5.5mLに、空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLを加えて、均質なチタン前駆体溶液とした後、1mol/Lの硝酸アンモニウム水溶液1mLを撹拌下で滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ180分以上でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。得られた湿潤ゲルを80%エタノール水溶液50mLに40℃で12時間浸漬し、続けて50%エタノール水溶液50mLに同様に浸漬し、その後は蒸留水50mLに同様の条件で浸漬した。蒸留水に湿潤したゲルを取り出し自然乾燥させたあと、乾燥ゲルを300℃にて2時間熱処理して焼結ゲルを得た。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は3、第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源2)のモル比は0.05、第1及び第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,2)の合計モル比は3.05である。
アセト酢酸エチル(陰イオン源1A)2.5mLに、空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら、撹拌下でチタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLを加えて、均質なチタン前駆体溶液とした後、酢酸(陰イオン源2)3gを含む酢酸水溶液1mLを40℃のゲル化促進温度で撹拌下にて滴下し得られた前駆体ゾルを引き続き40℃のゲル化促進温度で静置したところ30秒でゲル化し透明の湿潤ゲルが得られた。得られた湿潤ゲルを80%エタノール水溶液50mLに40℃で12時間浸漬し、続けて50%エタノール水溶液50mLに同様に浸漬し、その後は蒸留水50mLに同様の条件で浸漬した。蒸留水に湿潤したゲルを取り出し自然乾燥させたあと、乾燥ゲルを300℃にて2時間熱処理して焼結ゲルを得た。チタンイソプロポキシドに対する第1の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A)のモル比は1.25、第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源2)のモル比は3、第1及び第2の陰イオン源(陰イオン源1A,2)の合計モル比は4.25である。実施例38では、第2のイオン源である酢酸が、アセト酢酸エチルとチタンイソプロポキシドの反応の副生成物である2-プロパノールに対して可溶性であるため、第2の陰イオン源のモル比に対するモル比制御条件(0.3未満)が適用対象外となり、当該条件が充足されていなくても、均質なチタニアモノリス多孔体を得ることができる。
本製造方法1の第1の工程において、チタンイソプロポキシドの添加前に相分離誘起剤であるポリエチレングリコール(分子量35000)0.24gを混合した以外は、上述の実施例37と同様の製造手順で二段階階層的多孔構造を有する焼結ゲルを得た。
モノリス多孔体を得ることができる。
本製造方法1の第1の工程によるチタン前駆体溶液を調製せずに、チタン(IV)イソプロポキシド5mLに、空冷により発熱時の溶液温度を70℃に抑えながら、40℃のゲル化促進温度で水1mLを撹拌下で直接滴下したところ瞬時にゲル化して、沈殿物が発生した。比較例6は、モル比制御条件(1.05以上)が充足されない極端な比較例である。
Claims (10)
- ゾルゲル法による3次元連続網目構造のチタニアからなるモノリス多孔体の製造方法であって、
有機溶媒中で、チタン前駆体と第1の陰イオン源を混合させてチタン前駆体溶液を調製する第1の工程と、
前記チタン前駆体溶液に水または第2の陰イオン源を含む水溶液を加え、加水分解反応と重縮合反応を開始させてゾルを調製する第2の工程と、
前記ゾルに対して、所定のゲル化促進温度に維持して、前記加水分解反応と前記重縮合反応の進行により、ゾルゲル転移と相分離を並行して発現させてチタニアヒドロゲル相と溶媒相の共連続構造体を形成する第3の工程と、
前記共連続構造体から前記溶媒相を除去する第4の工程と、を有し、
前記チタン前駆体は、チタンメトキシドを除くチタンアルコキシドであり、
前記第1及び第2の陰イオン源は、前記チタン前駆体との反応でプロトンを放出して陰イオンとして作用し、前記チタン前駆体と配位結合する化合物であり、
前記第1、第2、及び、第3の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液及び前記ゾルの温度を、前記チタン前駆体溶液中に存在する最も低沸点の化合物の沸点より低温に維持し、
前記第2の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液に水を加える場合は、前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第1の陰イオン源のモル比が1.05以上となるように、前記第1の陰イオン源の配合量を設定し、
前記第2の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液に前記第2の陰イオン源を含む水溶液を加える場合は、前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の合計のモル比が1.05以上となるように、但し、前記第2の陰イオン源が前記有機溶媒に対して難溶性の場合は前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第2の陰イオン源のモル比が0.3を超えないように、前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の配合量を設定することを特徴とするモノリス多孔体の製造方法。 - 前記チタン前駆体が、チタンn-プロポキシド、チタンイソプロポキシド、及び、チタンエトキシドの内の少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
- 前記チタン前駆体が、チタンイソプロポキシド、及び、チタンエトキシドの内の少なくとも1つを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
- 前記第2の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液に前記第2の陰イオン源を含む水溶液を加える場合は、前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の合計のモル比が1.05以上となるように、但し、前記第2の陰イオン源が前記有機溶媒に対して難溶性の場合は前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第2の陰イオン源のモル比が0.2以下となるように、前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の配合量を設定することを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
- 前記第2の工程において、前記チタン前駆体溶液に前記第2の陰イオン源を含む水溶液を加える場合は、前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の合計のモル比が1.05以上となり、前記チタン前駆体に対する前記第1の陰イオン源のモル比が0.85以上となるように、前記第1の陰イオン源と前記第2の陰イオン源の配合量を設定することを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程において、前記第1の陰イオン源を前記有機溶媒として使用することを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程において、前記有機溶媒と前記第1の陰イオン源を混合した溶媒中に前記チタン前駆体を加えて前記チタン前駆体溶液を調製することを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の工程において、ゾルゲル転移とスピノーダル分解型相分離を並行して誘起する働きを有する共存物質を前記有機溶媒に添加することを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
- 前記第1の陰イオン源が、前記有機溶媒に対して可溶性、且つ、水に対して難溶性の第1タイプの配位性化合物、または、前記有機溶媒と水の両方に対して可溶性の第2タイプの配位性化合物であり、
前記第2の陰イオン源が、前記第2タイプの配位性化合物、または、前記有機溶媒に対して難溶性、且つ、水溶性の第3タイプの配位性化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。 - 前記第1の陰イオン源が、βジケトン類、カルボン酸、または、これらの異性体或いは複合体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載のモノリス多孔体の製造方法。
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| US15/551,887 US10435305B2 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-02-24 | Method for producing monolithic porous body comprising titania |
| CN201680008857.5A CN107207276B (zh) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-02-24 | 包含二氧化钛的单块多孔体的制造方法 |
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| JP2020117413A (ja) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-08-06 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 多孔質チタニア粒子の製法 |
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