WO2019156158A1 - 固体電解質 - Google Patents
固体電解質 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019156158A1 WO2019156158A1 PCT/JP2019/004397 JP2019004397W WO2019156158A1 WO 2019156158 A1 WO2019156158 A1 WO 2019156158A1 JP 2019004397 W JP2019004397 W JP 2019004397W WO 2019156158 A1 WO2019156158 A1 WO 2019156158A1
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- solid electrolyte
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/06—Sulfates; Sulfites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/032—Inorganic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. MnO2
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid electrolyte.
- Non-Patent Document 1 it is proposed to use a solidified body that is rapidly cooled after Li 2 SO 4 and LiOH are homogeneously melted as a solid electrolyte.
- this solid electrolyte can be used for a device operating at a low temperature.
- Non-Patent Document 1 cannot be said to have a sufficiently high lithium ion conductivity at room temperature.
- the solid electrolyte of Non-Patent Document 1 has a low temperature dependence of conductivity, and an effect of increasing the conductivity due to a temperature rise cannot be expected.
- this solid electrolyte is not a material having sufficient lithium ion conductivity from room temperature to high temperature.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solid electrolyte capable of maintaining sufficient lithium ion conductivity from room temperature to high temperature.
- the solid electrolyte represented by 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 is included. Having a lithium ion conductivity of 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm or more at 25 ° C .; A solid electrolyte having an activation energy of 0.6 eV or more is provided.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present embodiment is used for power storage elements such as lithium ion secondary batteries and capacitors, and is particularly suitable for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the lithium ion secondary battery may be an all solid state battery (for example, an all solid state lithium ion secondary battery).
- the lithium ion secondary battery may be a liquid battery (for example, a lithium-air battery) in which a solid electrolyte is used as a separator and an electrolytic solution is provided between the separator and the counter electrode.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present embodiment contains 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 .
- a composition other than 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 is included is arbitrary, but the composition other than 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 may be configured to contain elements of Li, O, H, and S. It may be composed only of these elements.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present embodiment is preferably composed of a 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 single phase. Whether or not 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 is contained can be detected by identifying it using 032-0598 of the ICDD database in the X-ray diffraction pattern.
- the fixed electrolyte according to the present embodiment does not exclude inclusion of inevitable impurities.
- the solid electrolyte according to this embodiment has a lithium ion conductivity of 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm or more at 25 ° C. Thereby, the performance of the electrical storage element can be improved at the initial atmospheric temperature (temperature of about room temperature) where the solid electrolyte is used.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte at 25 ° C. is preferably 0.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm or more, more preferably 0.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm or more, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm. cm or more is particularly preferable.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte can be increased as the amount of 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 contained in the solid electrolyte increases.
- the lithium ion conductivity can be easily adjusted by, for example, changing the values of x and y in the following composition formula (1) xLiOH ⁇ yLi 2 SO 4 as a raw material composition when a solid electrolyte is synthesized. Specifically, the lithium ion conductivity can be increased as the value of x is closer to 0.75. Further, the lithium ion conductivity can be further increased as the value of x is closer to 0.72.
- the solid electrolyte may contain a different phase in addition to 3LiOH ⁇ Li 2 SO 4 which is the main phase.
- B / A which is the ratio of the peak intensity B around 5 °, is preferably 0.30 or less, more preferably 0.20 or less.
- r is a resistance ( ⁇ )
- L is a distance between electrodes (cm)
- A is an electrode area (cm 2 )
- L / A is a cell constant (cm ⁇ 1 ).
- the solid electrolyte according to this embodiment has an activation energy of 0.6 eV or more.
- the lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte is temperature controlled via activation energy.
- the relationship between lithium ion conductivity and temperature depends on the Arrhenius equation, and it is known that the higher the activation energy, the higher the lithium ion conductivity. Therefore, by using a solid electrolyte having an activation energy of 0.6 eV or more for the power storage element, lithium ion conductivity can be sufficiently maintained from room temperature to high temperature (for example, 150 ° C.).
- the activation energy of the solid electrolyte is 0.6 eV or more, preferably 0.7 eV or more, more preferably 0.8 eV or more, and particularly preferably 0.9 eV or more.
- the activation energy of the solid electrolyte can be adjusted by pulverizing and pressing a solidified body (solid electrolyte) formed by rapidly cooling a melt of the Li 2 SO 4 raw material powder and the LiOH raw material powder. Further, the activation energy of the solid electrolyte can be adjusted by forming the solid electrolyte by slowly cooling the solid electrolyte powder after melting.
- the activation energy of the solid electrolyte is obtained as follows. First, a solid electrolyte punched in a circle is sandwiched between two gold electrodes, and the solid electrolyte is put into a cell (HS cell manufactured by Hosen) to produce an ion conductivity measuring cell. Next, the ionic conductivity measurement cell is placed in a thermostatic bath, and the conductance (1/2) is measured by the AC impedance method at each temperature while changing the temperature to 25 ° C., 50 ° C., 75 ° C., 100 ° C., 125 ° C., 150 ° C. r) is measured.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a solidified body obtained by rapidly cooling a solid electrolyte is used as it is as a solid electrolyte.
- the melt is rapidly cooled, it is considered that a random structure in a molten state is easily maintained in the solidified body, and the conventional material disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 is considered to contain a large amount of amorphous material.
- the thermal stress during cooling increases, it is considered that the solidified body is likely to crack.
- the solid electrolyte of Non-Patent Document 1 having a lower lithium ion conductivity at room temperature than the material of the present invention could not obtain sufficient conductivity due to the effect of cracks.
- the activation energy is low, and it is considered that the mobility of lithium is high due to the increase in the amorphous part, and the conductivity at high temperature is considered. It is inferred that the improvement in On the other hand, in the solid electrolyte of the present invention, it is considered that high lithium ion conductivity and high activation energy can be obtained by eliminating such negative elements of the conventional material.
- a solid electrolyte in which the powders are in good contact can be obtained by compacting the solidified body while eliminating cracks and amorphous parts. It is presumed that Alternatively, solidified solid electrolytes with few cracks and amorphousness are obtained by melting and compaction after compaction, and the lithium ion conductivity at 25 ° C. is high, and the activation energy is also high. It is presumed that a solid electrolyte capable of maintaining sufficient lithium ion conductivity was obtained over
- the bulk density of the solid electrolyte according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, but can be 1.3 g / cc or more and 1.7 g / cc or less. From the viewpoint of improving lithium ion conductivity, the bulk density of the solid electrolyte is preferably 1.4 g / cc or more, more preferably 1.45 g / cc or more, and particularly preferably 1.6 g / cc or more.
- the bulk density of the solid electrolyte can be determined by weight / volume using the volume calculated from the weight and outer dimensions of the solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte according to this embodiment is preferably a green compact.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present embodiment may be a molten solidified body (that is, a solidified body after heating and melting), and in this case, a molten solidified body produced by slow cooling is preferable.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present embodiment is preferably adjusted so that the raw material composition for synthesizing the solid electrolyte is represented by the following composition formula (1) as a production method thereof.
- composition formula (1) it is preferable that 0.7 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80. Thereby, lithium ion conductivity can be improved.
- the solid electrolyte according to this embodiment can be used alone as a member, or can be used together with a solid electrolyte composed of different elements.
- the production of the solid electrolyte comprises (a) forming a solidified body by heating and cooling a melt represented by the composition formula (1) as a raw material composition, and (b) a solidified body.
- the solid electrolyte powder is formed by crushing or mechanical milling, and (c) the solid electrolyte powder is formed, or the solid electrolyte powder is melted again and then cooled and solidified to form a solid electrolyte.
- the cooling of the melt in the above (a) may be either rapid cooling or slow cooling (for example, furnace cooling).
- the mechanical milling in the above (b) can be performed by putting a cobblestone such as a zirconia ball and a solid electrolyte solid body into a zirconia container or the like and pulverizing it in accordance with a known method and conditions.
- the molding in the step (c) can be performed by various methods such as pressing (for example, a die press, a rubber press), and is preferably a die press.
- the cooling after the melting of the solid electrolyte powder in the step (c) is preferably performed by slow cooling.
- the temperature lowering rate during slow cooling is preferably 10 to 1000 ° C./h, more preferably 10 to 100 ° C./h.
- the production of the solid electrolyte according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises (a) mixing and pulverizing LiOH powder and Li 2 SO 4 powder by mechanical milling at a blending ratio resulting in the raw material composition represented by the composition formula (1). It can be carried out by synthesizing an electrolyte powder and (b) forming the solid electrolyte powder or forming the solid electrolyte by cooling the solid electrolyte powder after heating and melting.
- the mechanical milling in the above (a) can be performed by charging and crushing cobblestones such as zirconia balls, LiOH powder, and Li 2 SO 4 powder in a container such as a zirconia container according to a known method and conditions.
- the molding in the step (b) can be performed by various methods such as a press (for example, a die press, a rubber press), and is preferably a die press.
- the cooling after melting of the solid electrolyte powder in the step (b) is preferably performed by slow cooling (for example, furnace cooling).
- the rate of temperature decrease during slow cooling after melting of the solid electrolyte powder is preferably 10 to 1000 ° C./h, more preferably 10 to 100 ° C./h.
- Examples 1-6 (1) Preparation of raw material powder First, Li 2 SO 4 raw material powder (commercial product, purity 99% or higher) and LiOH raw material powder (commercial product, purity 98% or higher) were mixed at a molar ratio shown in Table 1. . These raw material powders were handled in a glove box in an Ar atmosphere having a dew point of ⁇ 50 ° C. or less, and sufficient care was taken not to cause alteration such as moisture absorption.
- the solid electrolyte powder was press-molded at the pressure shown in Table 1 to form a pellet-shaped solid electrolyte.
- the size of the solid electrolyte according to Examples 1 to 8 was 10 mm in diameter ⁇ 0.5 mm in thickness.
- Example 7 A solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that melt-slow-cooled synthesis was performed as follows instead of the melt-quenched synthesis in (2) above.
- the mixture was put into a high-purity alumina crucible in an Ar atmosphere, and the crucible was further put into a quartz tube and sealed with a flange.
- This quartz tube is set in a tubular furnace, and heat treatment is performed at 430 ° C. for 20 minutes while flowing Ar gas from the gas inlet of the flange and discharging from the gas outlet and stirring the mixed powder. Produced. Subsequently, the melt was gradually cooled (furnace cooling) at 100 ° C./h in a tubular furnace to form a solidified product.
- Example 8 A solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that mechanical milling was performed as follows instead of the melt quench synthesis of (2) and that the mortar pulverization of (3) was not performed. .
- Example 9 Except that the melt-slow-cooled synthesis was performed in the same manner as in Example 7 instead of the melt-quenched synthesis in (2) above, and that the mechanical milling was performed in the same manner as in Example 8 instead of the mortar grinding in (3) above. Produced a solid electrolyte in the same manner as in Example 2.
- Example 10 instead of the melt quench synthesis of (2) above, mechanical milling was performed in the same manner as in Example 8, mortar grinding of (3) above was not performed, and instead of the die press of (4) above, A solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the solid electrolyte was formed by melting and slow cooling according to the above procedure.
- the solid electrolyte powder was die-pressed at a pressure of 200 MPa to form a pellet-shaped solid electrolyte having a diameter of 10 mm.
- a pellet-shaped solid electrolyte is sandwiched between two stainless steel (SUS) electrodes each having a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, and a 15 g weight is placed on the obtained laminate, and 45 ° C. at 45 ° C.
- the solid electrolyte was melted by heating for a minute. Thereafter, the melt was gradually cooled at 100 ° C./h to form a solidified body.
- Example 11 The melt slow cooling synthesis was performed in the same manner as in Example 7 instead of the melt quench synthesis in (2) above, and the melt slow cooling was performed in the same manner as in Example 10 instead of the mold press in (4) above.
- a solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
- Examples 12-16 A solid electrolyte was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the molar ratio of Li 2 SO 4 and LiOH was set to the value shown in Table 1 in the preparation of the raw material powder of (1) above.
- Example 17 (Comparison) In Comparative Example 1, a solidified body was prepared by melting and quenching in the same manner as in Example 2, and the solidified body was used as a solid electrolyte as it was.
- the size of the solid electrolyte according to Comparative Example 1 was 10 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness.
- Example 18 (Comparison) In Comparative Example 2, a solidified body was prepared by melting and quenching in the same manner as in Example 3, and the solidified body was used as a solid electrolyte as it was.
- the size of the solid electrolyte according to Comparative Example 2 was 10 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness.
- Example 19 (Comparison) A solid electrolyte was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the molar ratio of Li 2 SO 4 and LiOH was set to the value shown in Table 1 in the preparation of the raw material powder of (1) above.
- the weight loss in the step of synthesizing a solid electrolyte by melting or mechanical milling LiOH and Li 2 SO 4 raw material and the step of re-melting the solid electrolyte powder is as small as 1% or less. It is presumed that the composition of Li, O, H and S constituting the electrolyte hardly changed from the composition at the time of preparation.
- lithium ion conductivity and activation energy were measured as follows using a general AC impedance measurement.
- a solid electrolyte was sandwiched between two SUS electrodes in an Ar atmosphere, and the solid electrolyte was placed in a cell (HS cell manufactured by Hosen) to prepare an ion conductivity measurement cell.
- the ion conductivity measurement cell was placed in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C., and conductance (1 / r) was measured by an AC impedance method (AC impedance measurement device: VMP3 manufactured by BioLogic).
- lithium ion conductivity of 0.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm or more at 25 ° C. and activation energy of 0.6 eV or more were compatible. .
- Examples 1 to 5 and 7 to 16 in which the bulk density of the solid electrolyte was 1.4 g / cc or more were compared with Example 6 in which the bulk density of the solid electrolyte was 1.35 g / cc.
- the lithium ion conductivity at 25 ° C. could be further improved. It was also confirmed that the bulk density of the solid electrolyte can be easily adjusted by changing the pressure of the mold press.
- lithium ion conductivity at 25 ° C. was compared with Examples 1 to 3 in which the solid electrolyte powder was formed by pressing. We were able to improve more. In Examples 10, 11, 15 and 16, it is presumed that the conductivity was improved by synthesizing by melting and slow cooling to reduce cracks in the solidified body or to improve the bulk density to reduce pores.
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Abstract
Description
25℃において0.1×10-6S/cm以上のリチウムイオン伝導度を有し、
0.6eV以上の活性化エネルギーを有する、固体電解質が提供される。
原料組成としてxLiOH・yLi2SO4(x+y=1、0.6≦x≦0.80)で表される溶融物を冷却することによって凝固体を形成する工程と、
前記凝固体を粉砕又はメカニカルミリングすることによって固体電解質粉末を得る工程と、
前記固体電解質粉末を成形すること又は前記固体電解質粉末を溶融後冷却することによって固体電解質を形成する工程と、
を備える、固体電解質の製造方法が提供される。
xLiOH・yLi2SO4(x+y=1、0.6≦x≦0.80)で表される原料組成をもたらす配合比でLiOH粉末及びLi2SO4粉末をメカニカルミリングにより混合粉砕して固体電解質粉末を合成する工程と、
前記固体電解質粉末を成形すること又は前記固体電解質粉末を溶融後冷却することによって固体電解質を形成する工程と、
を備える、固体電解質の製造方法が提供される。
本実施形態に係る固体電解質は、リチウムイオン二次電池及びキャパシタなどの蓄電素子に用いられ、特にリチウムイオン二次電池に好適である。リチウムイオン二次電池は、全固体電池(例えば、全固体リチウムイオン二次電池)であってもよい。また、リチウムイオン二次電池は、固体電解質がセパレータとして用いられ、セパレータと対向電極との間に電解液を備えた液系の電池(例えば、リチウム空気電池)であってもよい。
(1)原料粉末の準備
まず、Li2SO4原料粉末(市販品、純度99%以上)とLiOH原料粉末(市販品、純度98%以上)とを、表1に記載のモル比で混合した。これらの原料粉末は、露点-50℃以下のAr雰囲気中のグローブボックス中で取り扱い、吸湿等の変質が起こらないように十分に注意した。
次に、混合物をAr雰囲気のガラス管に入れ、430℃で2時間加熱することによって溶融した。そして、ガラス管を水中に投入して10分間保持することによって、溶融物を急冷して凝固体を形成した。
次に、凝固体をAr雰囲気中乳鉢で粉砕することによって、D50が5~50μmの固体電解質粉末を得た。
次に、固体電解質粉末を表1に記載の圧力で金型プレスすることによって、ペレット状の固体電解質を形成した。例1~8に係る固体電解質のサイズは、直径10mmΦ×厚み0.5mmであった。
上記(2)の溶融急冷合成の代わりに溶融徐冷合成を以下のとおり行ったこと以外は例2と同様にして、固体電解質の作製を行った。
混合物をAr雰囲気中にて高純度のアルミナ製のるつぼに投入し、このるつぼをさらに石英管へ入れ、フランジで密閉した。この石英管を管状炉へセットし、フランジのガス導入口からArガスを流してガス排出口から排出させながら、かつ、混合粉末を攪拌しながら、430℃で20分の熱処理を行い溶融物を作製した。引き続き、管状炉内で100℃/hで溶融物を徐冷(炉冷)して凝固物を形成した。
上記(2)の溶融急冷合成の代わりにメカニカルミリングを以下のとおり行ったこと、及び上記(3)の乳鉢粉砕を行わなかったこと以外は例2と同様にして、固体電解質の作製を行った。
アルゴン雰囲気中のグローブボックス内で、原料の混合物を45mlのジルコニアポットに投入し、さらに10個のジルコニアボール(直径10mm)を投入し、ポットを完全に密閉した。このポットを遊星型ボールミル機に取り付け、回転数400rpmで50時間メカニカルミリングを行い、固体電解質粉末を得た。
上記(2)の溶融急冷合成の代わりに溶融徐冷合成を例7と同様にして行ったこと、及び上記(3)の乳鉢粉砕の代わりにメカニカルミリングを例8と同様にして行ったこと以外は例2と同様にして、固体電解質の作製を行った。
上記(2)の溶融急冷合成の代わりにメカニカルミリングを例8と同様にして行ったこと、上記(3)の乳鉢粉砕を行わなかったこと、及び上記(4)の金型プレスの代わりに以下の手順による溶融徐冷によって固体電解質を形成したこと以外は例2と同様にして、固体電解質の作製を行った。
アルゴン雰囲気中のグローブボックス内で、固体電解質粉末を200MPaの圧力で金型プレスすることによって、直径10mmのペレット状の固体電解質を形成した。次に、直径10mm×厚み0.5mmの2枚のステンレス鋼(SUS)電極の間にペレット状の固体電解質を挟み、得られた積層物の上に15gの重しを載せ、430℃で45分加熱することにより固体電解質を溶融させた。その後、100℃/hで溶融物を徐冷して凝固体を形成した。
上記(2)の溶融急冷合成の代わりに溶融徐冷合成を例7と同様にして行ったこと、及び上記(4)の金型プレスの代わりに溶融徐冷を例10と同様にして行ったこと以外は例1と同様にして、固体電解質の作製を行った。
上記(1)の原料粉末の準備でLi2SO4とLiOHのモル比を表1に示される値としたこと以外は例11と同様にして、固体電解質の作製を行った。
比較例1では、例2と同じ手法で溶融急冷によって凝固体を作製し、その凝固体をそのまま固体電解質として用いた。比較例1に係る固体電解質のサイズは、直径10mmΦ×厚み0.5mmであった。
比較例2では、例3と同じ手法で溶融急冷によって凝固体を作製し、その凝固体をそのまま固体電解質として用いた。比較例2に係る固体電解質のサイズは、直径10mmΦ×厚み0.5mmであった。
上記(1)の原料粉末の準備でLi2SO4とLiOHのモル比を表1に示される値とおりとしたこと以外は例11と同様にして、固体電解質の作製を行った。
例1~19について、リチウムイオン伝導度と活性化エネルギーとを一般的な交流インピーダンス測定を用いて次のように測定した。
例1~19のそれぞれの固体電解質の嵩密度を固体電解質の重量及び外寸から算出される体積を用い、重量/体積にて算出した。算出結果は、表1に示すとおりである。
例1~19のそれぞれについて、金型プレス前の粉砕された状態や溶融凝固体の固体電解質をX線回折装置(XRD、X線源はCuKα線)で分析することにより得られたX線回折パターンとICDDデータベースの032-0598とを対比することによって、3LiOH・Li2SO4が含まれているかどうかを判定した。判定結果は、表1に示すとおりである。
上記得られたX線回折パターンに基づいて、(LiOH)/(3LiOH・Li2SO4)のXRDピーク強度比(B/A)を以下のピーク強度に基づいて求めた。
・3LiOH・Li2SO4:XRD測定における2θ=18.44°付近に検出される3LiOH・LiSO4の回折ピークの強度A
・LiOH:XRD測定における2θ=20.48°付近に検出されるLiOHの回折ピークの強度B
Claims (10)
- 3LiOH・Li2SO4で表される固体電解質を含み、
25℃において0.1×10-6S/cm以上のリチウムイオン伝導度を有し、
0.6eV以上の活性化エネルギーを有する、固体電解質。 - 1.4g/cc以上の嵩密度を有する、請求項1に記載の固体電解質。
- 前記固体電解質が溶融凝固体である、請求項1又は2に記載の固体電解質。
- 前記固体電解質は、CuKαを線源としたX線回折パターンにおける、3LiOH・Li2SO4と同定される2θ=18.4°付近のピーク強度Aに対する、LiOHと同定される2θ=20.5°付近のピーク強度Bの比である、B/Aが0.30以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質の製造方法であって、
原料組成としてxLiOH・yLi2SO4(x+y=1、0.6≦x≦0.80)で表される溶融物を冷却することによって凝固体を形成する工程と、
前記凝固体を粉砕又はメカニカルミリングすることによって固体電解質粉末を得る工程と、
前記固体電解質粉末を成形すること又は前記固体電解質粉末を溶融後冷却することによって固体電解質を形成する工程と、
を備える、固体電解質の製造方法。 - 前記溶融物が0.7≦x≦0.80を満たす、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記固体電解質粉末の溶融後の冷却が徐冷により行われる、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質の製造方法であって、
xLiOH・yLi2SO4(x+y=1、0.6≦x≦0.80)で表される原料組成をもたらす配合比でLiOH粉末及びLi2SO4粉末をメカニカルミリングにより混合粉砕して固体電解質粉末を合成する工程と、
前記固体電解質粉末を成形すること又は前記固体電解質粉末を溶融後冷却することによって固体電解質を形成する工程と、
を備える、固体電解質の製造方法。 - 前記原料組成が0.7≦x≦0.80を満たす、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記固体電解質粉末の溶融後の冷却が徐冷により行われる、請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
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| WO2020194822A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | 国立大学法人名古屋工業大学 | 固体電解質及び固体電解質の製造方法 |
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