WO2019031956A1 - WIRELESS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH - Google Patents
WIRELESS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019031956A1 WO2019031956A1 PCT/MX2017/000090 MX2017000090W WO2019031956A1 WO 2019031956 A1 WO2019031956 A1 WO 2019031956A1 MX 2017000090 W MX2017000090 W MX 2017000090W WO 2019031956 A1 WO2019031956 A1 WO 2019031956A1
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- electrocardiograph
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/333—Recording apparatus specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of electronics, communication modules, cardiac electrical activity, medicine, the conversion of electrophysiological measurements into graphic data and continuous monitoring, as it provides a wireless electrocardiograph. .
- Electrocardiogram is called the graph that is achieved with the electrocardiograph. It shows the measurement of the electrical activity of the heart in a continuous graphic tape.
- the name electrocardiogram is composed of electro that expresses the electrical activity, cardio of the Greek heart and grass, writing, also of Greek origin.
- cardiovascular diseases cardiovascular diseases, metabolic alterations, the propensity to sudden cardiac death can be diagnosed.
- Some examples of its use are: indicate blockages, detect anomalies such as cardiac arrhythmia; discover electrolytic alterations of Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium or others; location of conductive abnormalities; to inform about the physical conditions of the heart, for example, left ventricular hypertrophy.
- the electrical impulses of the heart can be measured from the outside, because they are transmitted to the tissues that surround it.
- electrodes are placed in some points of the patient's body, previously covered by an ointment that conducts electricity, and are connected to the electrocardiograph.
- the electrocardiogram is the recording on the paper of the impulses that detect the electrodes. This produces a graph that is very similar in healthy people, but in heart patients has alterations, by which the doctor can diagnose the diseases.
- the electrocardiogram is not only a diagnostic method for patients, but a preventive measure that should be applied when a mature person not accustomed decides to practice strong sports.
- the direction that the electrical impulse takes through the heart is the electrical axis. When it is directed in the form of a vector towards the lower left it is normal, but it usually happens that in obese, elderly or pregnant people it is diverted to the upper left. If the deviation is extreme, we are facing an anomaly that may indicate ventricular hypertrophy, branch block; if it is directed to the right it can reveal a pulmonary embolism. With the electrocardiogram, you can also need a dextrocardia, which is a very rare disease, in which the heart has reversed the direction in the orientation, but which is usually discovered previously with a chest x-ray. Within the typical tracing of an electrocardiogram that records a normal heartbeat has a P wave, a QRS complex and a T wave. The small wave ü that is normally invisible.
- the P wave is the electrical signal that belongs to the atrial depolarization.
- the P wave occurs.
- the P wave is repolarized (called the atrial T wave), it is eclipsed by ventricular depolarization. (QRS complex).
- the P wave For the P wave to be sinusal (coming from the sinus node) it must have certain characteristics: its duration must not be greater than 0.11 sec. in adults and between 0.07 and 0.09 sec.
- the duration in children, if the duration is longer we can be in the presence of a left atrial complaint; it must not exceed 0.25 mV, if it occurs, it presents a right atrial enlargement; the wave has to be rounded, have soft, symmetrical slopes and a blunt cusp. In addition, it must precede the ventricular complex.
- the QRS Complex is related to the electrical current produced by the contraction of the ventricles, which we call ventricular depolarization. This contraction is much stronger than that of the atria and involves more muscle mass, causing a greater deflection in the electrocardiogram.
- the duration, amplitude and morphology of the QRS complex is very important to diagnose different disorders, such as, among others, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal conduction, electrolyte imbalances.
- the Q wave is the first wave of the complex and has negative values, since it decreases in the graph of the electrocardiogram. This wave can be normal or pathological. When the normal Q wave is present, it symbolizes the depolarization of the interventricular septum or septum. When the wave is greater than 1/3 the size of the next wave R or has a duration greater than 40 ms (a small square), or if it occurs in right precordial leads, it can represent a myocardial infarction.
- the R and S waves reveal the contraction of the myocardium.
- the R wave is the wave that follows Q, is the largest and is positive.
- the S wave is the negative wave that appears after the R wave.
- the anomalies that the QRS complex can present indicate different disorders such as branch blockage, hypertrophy, tachycardia and other ventricular abnormalities. When the complexes are small, they indicate pericarditis.
- the normal duration is 60 to 100 milliseconds.
- the complex total exceeds 120 ms or is shaped like a letter M, it is abnormal and indicates, for example, hyperkalemia, a pacemaker or hypothermia (called Onda de Osborne).
- the T wave When the ventricles are repolarized, the T wave is formed. It is usually asymmetric, with a more gradual rise than the descent, it usually has a curved shape, but it may have a small hump. In most of the referrals, it is positive, but if it is negative it can indicate symptoms of illness, however, an inverted T wave is normal in VI. Its amplitude is not usually measured because it is very variable, however, low voltages or flat T waves in several leads may manifest an abnormality.
- the mobile telephone comprises a housing; a wireless communication module disposed within the housing to communicate with a mobile network; one or more sensor elements integrated in the housing to measure an electrophysiological signal of a person; and, an ECG generator module disposed within the housing and coupled to the sensor elements and the communication module to generate an ECG from the measured electrophysiological signal and to transmit data representing said ECG through the communication module.
- the aforementioned document refers to a system for measuring electrocardiographic signals wirelessly that performs the acquisition of the signals by means of a prefabricated patch, but it lacks specific measurements of the areas of interest, besides, it lacks a construction specialized and defined for the uptake of electrocardiographic signal, does not have the ability to perform the census of electrocardiographic signals by implementing a tiny patch, which is connected by bluetooth protocols to a device mobile making it physically independent and freeing the user of the need for direct contact with the mobile device to achieve reliable signaling and census, another disadvantage is that it has no means for graphically interpreting the data analyzed as well as means to evaluate and make a warning to the patient in case of an episode of care being presented.
- the main differences with the aforementioned documents with the electrocardiograph of the present invention is that the user is informed of the cardiopathies detected at the time; by having the interface of a mobile device with the wireless electrocardiograph, the diagnostic ability of alterations such as ventricular hypertrophy or heart rhythm disorders is improved, and in turn facilitates the interpretation of the electrocardiogram in the clinical context of the individual patient for the prevention, diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases.
- Another difference is the duration of real-time cardiac monitoring provided by a portable device wirelessly, since currently the longest continuous monitoring time that a wireless holter has, is only 5 days. Afterwards the team is retired and discarded due to the discharge of the battery and mainly to patient hygiene, since conventional devices are attached to the body and can not be removed and reused afterwards, which limits the individual to carry out their personal hygiene.
- the wireless electrocardiograph can be removed and implemented at any time, because it is not necessary to adhere to the body with some type of glue, which gives the patient the facility to use it and remove it sometimes that they are pertinent, turning this novel holter into a gadget of daily use, which offers the user the peace of mind of having in his hands the information of his cardiac monitoring 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
- Figure 1 shows a rear top perspective view of the wireless electrocardiograph.
- Figure 2 shows a top perspective view of the explosive of the wireless electrocardiograph.
- Figure 3 shows a diagrammatic view of the integral circuit of the wireless electrocardiograph.
- the wireless electrocardiograph is made up of:
- An electronic card (1) that is housed inside a casing (2) which is formed by two identical covers of convex form and that close hermetically, keeping the electronic card isolated from the outside, to avoid that it is damaged.
- the housing (2) is configured with at least one self-adhesive electrode (3) on the outside of one of the covers, which comes into contact with the body of the person to be measured the heart rate, in order to obtain an electrocardiogram; said electrodes (3) are connected directly to the electronic card (1) to send the signal obtained from the heart and transform it, in order to obtain said electrocardiogram.
- the electronic card (1) is designed to assemble the electronic components necessary for its operation and operation in accordance with the integral circuit of the wireless electrocardiograph shown in Figure 4.
- the electronic card (1) is structured in such a way that it has at least one preamplifier (4); at least one amplifier (5), at least four analog filters of low pass (6) of second order; at least one band eliminating filter known as a filter noten (7); a microcontroller (not shown) and a bluetooth module (not shown).
- a correct operation of the electronic card (1) is achieved and thus the patient's monitoring is achieved, obtaining by means of an individual-device interface the emission of data that are transformed from analog signal to digital signal and sent to a graphical interface, to a device that has bluetooth, to receive the signal of the electrocardiogram.
- a voltage regulator (not shown), connected to the electronic card, is arranged for the supply of electrical energy to the wireless electrocardiograph.
- the preamplifier (4) of the acquired signal is responsible for performing an amplification of the original signal with a gain of only 100 dB in order to avoid saturating the instrumentation amplifier and thus avoid the modification of the signal and noise in the same.
- the signal is acquired by connecting the electrodes (3) at strategically established points, these electrodes are in turn connected to the positive and negative inputs of an operational amplifier of the pre amplifier (8), as well as a third connection to the common circuit .
- the pre amplifier is powered by a voltage regulator (not shown), with a voltage, preferably of +/- 5v and has at least one resistance RG of the preamplifier (18), which allows to establish the gain with the who works in this first stage.
- the amplifier (5) is connected to the output of the preamplifier (8) to receive the signal, and amplify said signal by 3 dB, thus obtaining a total output gain of 300 dB; in order to obtain an output signal with an amplitude ranging between 1 and 5 volts, since the original signal has an amplitude between 5 and 15 mV; the amplifier (5) has at least one amplifier operational amplifier (10) and with at least one resistance RG of the amplifier (9).
- the analog low pass filter (6) of second order is connected to the output of the amplifier (5) and is responsible for preventing the passage of signals that are outside the established maximum range; thus eliminating any activity obtained that is above this cutoff frequency.
- the electronic card (1) consists of the cascade connection of at least four low-pass filters (6) of the second order, having as a first instance to receive the amplified signal coming from the amplifier (5), and entering the first filter passes.
- - low which also prefixes an arrangement of at least two resistors of the low pass analog filter (11) and, at least, two capacitors of the analog low pass filter (12) ceramic, as established by the Sallen- Key for second-order low-pass filters.
- the signal reaches the output of an operational amplifier of the low-pass analog filter (13), which is connected in cascade with the low-pass filter number two, which is responsible, like its two subsequent filters, for obtain a signal with a more abrupt cutting line, which allows to obtain a purer filtering than when using filters of lower order.
- the notch filter (7) is connected to the output of the last low-pass analog filter (6) and has the function of suppressing the 60Hz band, frequency induced by the same source used, which can create unwanted noise.
- the notch filter (7) consists of an array of at least two capacitors in series (14), and another arrangement of at least two resistors in series (15), at which the low pass filter signal arrives ( 6); this arrangement has connected the resistors in series (15) to ground in order to land the circuit and avoid interference, and the series capacitors (15) are connected to a resistor (16) that this in turn is linked to the pin of an operational amplifier of the notch filter (17).
- pin 1 of the notch filter's operational amplifier (7) is responsible for outputting the signal already processed, to later pass to the microcontroller (not shown) that is connected to the notch filter (7); the microcontroller receives the signal through an analog input port, once it is entered into the microcontroller it is digitalized and then sent to the bluetooth module (not shown); to achieve the individual-device interface and receive the data processed by the wireless electrocardiograph in any type of mobile device that has bluetooth technology and through an application downloaded to the device, where the received data is graphically and easily interpreted ; allowing the user to know the cardiopathies detected at the moment.
- a variant of the wireless electrocardiograph is that the electronic card (1) can have at least four high-pass analog filters (not shown) of second order, connected after the amplifier (5) and before the analog low-pass filter ( 6) second order.
- Said high pass analog filter (not shown), has the same configuration as the analog low pass filter (6).
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Abstract
La presente invención describe un electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico, el cual tiene la característica de contar con un módulo inalámbrico, el cual envía la información del monitoreo cardiaco a cualquier dispositivo móvil con tecnología bluetooth mediante una aplicación descargada en el dispositivo; esto permite al usuario recibir en dicho dispositivo la información de manera inmediata, y así facilitar el diagnostico de alteraciones como hipertrofias ventriculares o trastornos del ritmo cardiaco mediante una interpretación rápida y sencilla. Otra de las características es que el monitoreo es en tiempo real. El electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico de la presente invención puede ser retirado e implementado en cualquier momento, ya que no es necesario adherirlo al cuerpo con algún tipo de pegamento permitiendo al usuario retirarlo las veces que sean pertinentes.The present invention describes a wireless electrocardiograph, which has the characteristic of having a wireless module, which sends the cardiac monitoring information to any mobile device with bluetooth technology by means of an application downloaded to the device; this allows the user to receive the information immediately in said device, and thus facilitate the diagnosis of alterations such as ventricular hypertrophy or heart rhythm disorders through a quick and simple interpretation. Another feature is that the monitoring is in real time. The wireless electrocardiograph of the present invention can be removed and implemented at any time, since it is not necessary to adhere it to the body with some type of glue allowing the user to remove it as many times as are pertinent.
Description
ELECTROCARDIÓGRAFO INALÁMBRICO WIRELESS ELECTROCARDIÓGRAFO
CAMPO TÉCNICO DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención se relaciona con el campo técnico de la electrónica, los módulos de comunicación, la actividad eléctrica cardiaca, la medicina, la conversión de medidas electrofisiológicas en datos gráficos y el monitoreo continuo, ya que aporta un electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the technical field of electronics, communication modules, cardiac electrical activity, medicine, the conversion of electrophysiological measurements into graphic data and continuous monitoring, as it provides a wireless electrocardiograph. .
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Desde el siglo XVII se estudia la electricidad con los tejidos humanos y animales; mediante pruebas con ranas, perros y hasta humanos, se fue avanzando en esta materia de la medicina, hasta lograr sistemas de detección o tratamiento de ciertas patologías cardiacas, como electrocardiógrafos o desfibriladores. En 1842 el fisico italiano Cario Matteucci, profesor en la Universidad de Pisa, muestra cómo la corriente eléctrica acompaña a cada latido cardiaco. Para esto, usó un nervio extraído de un anca de rana, empleándolo como sensor eléctrico; cuando el músculo del anca se contraía se utilizaba como signo visual de la actividad eléctrica. Since the seventeenth century electricity is studied with human and animal tissues; through tests with frogs, dogs and even humans, progress was made in this area of medicine, until systems for the detection or treatment of certain cardiac pathologies, such as electrocardiographs or defibrillators, were achieved. In 1842 the Italian physicist Cario Matteucci, professor at the University of Pisa, shows how the electric current accompanies each heartbeat. For this, he used a nerve extracted from a frog's legs, using it as an electrical sensor; when the anca muscle contracted, it was used as a visual sign of electrical activity.
Los anatomistas Rudolph Von Koelliker y Heinrich Muller, confirmaron en 1856 que una corriente eléctrica acompaña a cada latido, al aplicar un galvanómetro en la base y ápice de un ventrículo expuesto, haciendo una prueba semejante a la de Matteucci. Pudieron observar una pequeña convulsión del músculo justo antes de la sístole ventricular y una mucho más pequeña después de la sístole. Esas sacudidas son causadas por las corrientes eléctricas, que en el electrocardiograma figuran como complejo QRS y ondas T. The anatomists Rudolph Von Koelliker and Heinrich Muller, confirmed in 1856 that an electric current accompanies each beat, by applying a galvanometer at the base and apex of an exposed ventricle, doing a test similar to that of Matteucci. They could observe a small convulsion of the muscle just before the ventricular systole and a much smaller one after the systole. Those shakes are caused by electric currents, which in the electrocardiogram appear as QRS complex and T waves.
En 1872, un ingeniero eléctrico, llamado Alexander Muirhead, dice haber registrado un electrocardiograma, conectando alambres a la muñeca de un paciente febril. In 1872, an electrical engineer, named Alexander Muirhead, claims to have recorded an electrocardiogram, connecting wires to the wrist of a febrile patient.
En 1878 John Burden Sanderson, fisiólogo británico, junto a Frederick Page, mediante el uso de un electrómetro capilar registran la corriente eléctrica del corazón y demuestran que cuenta de dos fases (QRS y T) . In 1878 John Burden Sanderson, a British physiologist, together with Frederick Page, through the use of a capillary electrometer record the electric current of the heart and show that it has two phases (QRS and T).
Hacia finales del siglo XIX, Auguste Waller, fisiólogo británico, fue el primero en acercarse al corazón desde el punto de vista eléctrico y publica el primer electrocardiograma humano, registrado con un galvanómetro capilar. Towards the end of the 19th century, Auguste Waller, a British physiologist, was the first to approach the heart from the electrical point of view and publishes the first human electrocardiogram, registered with a capillary galvanometer.
William Bayliss y Edward Starling, fisiólogos británicos, del üniversity College de Lóndres mejoran el galvanómetro capilar; al conectarlo a la mano derecha muestran una Mvariación trifásica" que acompaña a cada latido (P, QRS y T) . Además, señalaron un retraso de 0.13 segundos entre la estimulación atrial y la despolarización de los ventrículos (intervalo PR) . William Bayliss and Edward Starling, British physiologists, from üniversity College of London improve the capillary galvanometer; when connected to the right hand they show a M three-phase variation "that accompanies each beat (P, QRS and T)." Furthermore, they indicated a delay of 0.13 seconds between atrial stimulation and depolarization of the ventricles (PR interval).
En 1895 Willem Einthoven, diferencia cinco ondas, que él denomina P, Q, R, S y T, utilizando un voltímetro mejorado. En 1901, Einthoven inventa un galvanómetro a cuerda utilizando un filamento fino de cuarzo revestido en plata, para producir electrocardiogramas. Publica su primer articulo científico para comunicar la experiencia con el nuevo galvanómetro y su utilidad para registrar los potenciales cardiacos. In 1895 Willem Einthoven, differentiates five waves, which he calls P, Q, R, S and T, using an improved voltmeter. In 1901, Einthoven invented a galvanometer to wind using a thin filament of silver-coated quartz to produce electrocardiograms. It publishes its first scientific article to communicate the experience with the new galvanometer and its utility for recording cardiac potentials.
Unos pocos años después, Einthoven comienza a transmitir electrocardiogramas desde el hospital a su laboratorio, a 1.5 km., via cable de teléfono. En 1906, mediante el artículo "Le telecardiogramme" describe con detalle las aplicaciones clínicas del electrocardiograma. En él describió las características electrocardiográficas de varios desórdenes cardiovasculares como la hipertrofia ventricular y auricular izquierda y derecha, la onda U (reseñada por primera vez), las melladuras de QRS, las extrasístoles ventriculares, bigeminismo ventricular, el flutter auricular y el bloqueo completo. Esta publicación fue la que estableció las bases para los futuros informes que se desarrollaron sobre los electrocardiogramas. A few years later, Einthoven begins to transmit electrocardiograms from the hospital to his laboratory, 1.5 km away, via telephone cable. In 1906, through the article "Le telecardiogramme" describes in detail the clinical applications of the electrocardiogram. He described the electrocardiographic characteristics of several cardiovascular disorders such as left and right ventricular and atrial hypertrophy, the U wave (reported for the first time), QRS dents, ventricular premature beats, ventricular bigeminy, atrial flutter and complete block. This publication was the one that established the bases for the future reports that were developed on the electrocardiograms.
La compañía Cambridge Scientific Instruments en Londres fabricó por primera vez la máquina de Einthoven en 1911. En 1912 Einthoven describe un triángulo equilátero formado por sus derivaciones standard I, II, III que más adelante sería llamado el "Triángulo de Einthoven". The Cambridge Scientific Instruments company in London manufactured the Einthoven machine for the first time in 1911. In 1912 Einthoven describes an equilateral triangle formed by its standard derivations I, II, III that would later be called the "Einthoven Triangle".
En 1920 Hubert Mann explicó la derivación del 'monocardiograma' luego llamada ' vectorcardiograma ' . Ese mismo año, Harold Pardee publicó el primer electrocardiograma de un Infarto Agudo de Miocardio y describiendo la onda T como alta que "comienza en un punto bien alto dél descenso de la onda R". En 1924 Einthoven recibe el premio Nobel por inventar el electrocardiógrafo. Ese mismo año, basándose en la forma de la onda de pulso yugular en pacientes con bloqueo de segundo grado, Woldemar Mobitz publicó su clasificación de los bloqueos cardiacos (Mobitz tipo I y tipo II) . En el año 1928, la compañía Frank Sanborn produce el primer electrocardiógrafo portátil. Pesaba unos 25 Kg. y funcionaba con una batería de automóvil de 6 V. Un médico llamado Norman Holter desarrolla, en 1949, una especie de mochila, de unos 37 Kg., con la que se puede registrar el electrocardiograma de quien la porta y transmitir una señal. El conocido posteriormente como monitor Holter, se ha ido reduciendo en tamaño a la vez que se lo ha combinado con la grabación digital en cinta. Es utilizado para el registro ambulatorio de electrocardiogramas . In 1920 Hubert Mann explained the derivation of the ' monocardiogram' later called 'vectorcardiogram'. That same year, Harold Pardee published the first electrocardiogram of acute myocardial infarction and described the T wave as high that "begins at a very high point of the descent of the R wave". In 1924 Einthoven receives the Nobel Prize for inventing the electrocardiograph. That same year, based on the shape of the jugular pulse wave in patients with second-degree block, Woldemar Mobitz published his classification of cardiac blocks (Mobitz type I and type II). In 1928, the company Frank Sanborn produced the first portable electrocardiograph. Weighed about 25 Kg. And worked with a 6 V car battery. A doctor named Norman Holter developed, in 1949, a kind of backpack, about 37 Kg., With which you can record the electrocardiogram of the holder and transmit a signal. The later known as Holter monitor, has been reduced in size while it has been combined with digital tape recording. It is used for ambulatory recording of electrocardiograms.
Se llama electrocardiograma al gráfico que se consigue con el electrocardiógrafo. En él se muestra la medición de la actividad eléctrica del corazón en una cinta gráfica continua. El nombre electrocardiograma se compone de electro que expresa la actividad eléctrica, cardio del griego corazón y grama, escritura, también de origen griego. Electrocardiogram is called the graph that is achieved with the electrocardiograph. It shows the measurement of the electrical activity of the heart in a continuous graphic tape. The name electrocardiogram is composed of electro that expresses the electrical activity, cardio of the Greek heart and grass, writing, also of Greek origin.
Es el instrumento principal de la electrofisiologia cardiaca. La ventaja que presenta este recurso médico es que los resultados se obtienen de manera inmediata, no es un estudio invasivo y además es económico. Gracias a su realización, se pueden diagnosticar enfermedades cardiovasculares, alteraciones metabólicas, la propensión a una muerte súbita cardiaca. Algunos ejemplos de su uso son: indicar bloqueos, detectar anomalías como arritmia cardiaca; descubrir alteraciones electrolíticas de Potasio, Sodio, Calcio, Magnesio u otros; localización de anormalidades conductivas; informar sobre las condiciones físicas del corazón, por ejemplo, hipertrofia ventricular izquierda. It is the main instrument of cardiac electrophysiology. The advantage of this medical resource is that the results are obtained immediately, it is not an invasive study and it is also economical. Thanks to its realization, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic alterations, the propensity to sudden cardiac death can be diagnosed. Some examples of its use are: indicate blockages, detect anomalies such as cardiac arrhythmia; discover electrolytic alterations of Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium or others; location of conductive abnormalities; to inform about the physical conditions of the heart, for example, left ventricular hypertrophy.
Los impulsos eléctricos del corazón pueden medirse desde el exterior, pues se transmiten a los tejidos que lo rodean. Para ello se ponen electrodos en algunos puntos del cuerpo del enfermo, previamente recubiertos por una pomada que conduce la electricidad, y se conectan al electrocardiógrafo. El electrocardiograma es el registro sobre el papel de los impulsos que detectan los electrodos. Asi se produce un gráfico que es muy parecido en personas sanas, pero que en los enfermos del corazón posee alteraciones, por las que el medico puede diagnosticar las enfermedades . The electrical impulses of the heart can be measured from the outside, because they are transmitted to the tissues that surround it. For this, electrodes are placed in some points of the patient's body, previously covered by an ointment that conducts electricity, and are connected to the electrocardiograph. The electrocardiogram is the recording on the paper of the impulses that detect the electrodes. This produces a graph that is very similar in healthy people, but in heart patients has alterations, by which the doctor can diagnose the diseases.
El electrocardiograma no es sólo un método de diagnóstico para los enfermos, sino una medida preventiva que habria que aplicar cuando una persona madura no habituada decide practicar deportes fuertes. The electrocardiogram is not only a diagnostic method for patients, but a preventive measure that should be applied when a mature person not accustomed decides to practice strong sports.
La dirección que toma el impulso eléctrico a través del corazón es el eje eléctrico. Cuando se dirige en forma de vector hacia la parte inferior izquierda es normal, pero suele suceder que en personas obesas, mayores o embarazadas se desvie hacia a la parte superior izquierda. Si la desviación que presenta es extrema, estamos frente a una anomalía que puede indicar hipertrofia ventricular, bloqueo de rama; en caso de que se dirija hacia la derecha puede revelar una embolia pulmonar. Con el electrocardiograma, también se puede precisar una dextrocardia, la cual es una enfermedad muy rara, en la que el corazón tiene invertida la dirección en la orientación, pero que se la suele descubrir anteriormente con una radiografía de tórax. Dentro del trazado típico de un electrocardiograma que registra un latido cardiaco normal cuenta con una onda P, un complejo QRS y una onda T. La pequeña onda ü que normalmente es invisible. The direction that the electrical impulse takes through the heart is the electrical axis. When it is directed in the form of a vector towards the lower left it is normal, but it usually happens that in obese, elderly or pregnant people it is diverted to the upper left. If the deviation is extreme, we are facing an anomaly that may indicate ventricular hypertrophy, branch block; if it is directed to the right it can reveal a pulmonary embolism. With the electrocardiogram, you can also need a dextrocardia, which is a very rare disease, in which the heart has reversed the direction in the orientation, but which is usually discovered previously with a chest x-ray. Within the typical tracing of an electrocardiogram that records a normal heartbeat has a P wave, a QRS complex and a T wave. The small wave ü that is normally invisible.
La onda P es la señal eléctrica que pertenece a la despolarización auricular. Cuando se superponen la despolarización auricular derecha (inicio de la onda P) y la de la izquierda (fin de la onda P) se produce la onda P. Cuando la onda P se repolariza (llamada Onda T auricular) queda eclipsada por la despolarización ventricular (complejo QRS) . Para que la onda P sea sinusal (que provenga del nodo sinusal) tiene que poseer ciertas particularidades: su duración no debe ser mayor a los 0,11 seg. en adultos y entre 0,07 y 0,09 seg. en niños, en caso de que la duración sea mayor podemos estar en presencia de un agradamiento auricular izquierdo; no debe superar los 0,25 mV, en caso de que suceda presenta un agrandamiento auricular derecho; la onda tiene que ser redondeada, poseer pendientes suaves, simétricas y de cúspide roma. Además, tiene que anteceder al complejo ventricular. The P wave is the electrical signal that belongs to the atrial depolarization. When the right atrial depolarization (beginning of the P wave) and that of the left (end of the P wave) are superimposed, the P wave occurs. When the P wave is repolarized (called the atrial T wave), it is eclipsed by ventricular depolarization. (QRS complex). For the P wave to be sinusal (coming from the sinus node) it must have certain characteristics: its duration must not be greater than 0.11 sec. in adults and between 0.07 and 0.09 sec. in children, if the duration is longer we can be in the presence of a left atrial complaint; it must not exceed 0.25 mV, if it occurs, it presents a right atrial enlargement; the wave has to be rounded, have soft, symmetrical slopes and a blunt cusp. In addition, it must precede the ventricular complex.
El Complejo QRS, se relaciona a la corriente eléctrica que produce la contracción de los ventrículos, lo que llamamos despolarización ventricular. Esta contracción es mucho más fuerte que la de las aurículas e involucra más masa muscular, haciendo que se produzca una mayor deflexión en el electrocardiograma. La duración, amplitud y morfología del complejo QRS es muy importante para diagnosticar diferentes trastornos, como entre otros, el infarto agudo de miocardio, arritmias cardíacas, hipertrofia ventricular, anormalidades de la conducción, desequilibrios electrolíticos . La onda Q es la primera onda del complejo y posee valores negativos, ya que desciende en la gráfica del electrocardiograma. Esta onda puede ser normal o patológica. Cuando la onda Q normal, está presente, simboliza la despolarización del septo o tabique interventricular. Cuando la onda es mayor de 1/3 del tamaño de la siguiente onda R o tiene una duración superior a los 40 ms (un cuadradito) , o si se presenta en derivaciones precordiales derechas pueden representar un infarto al miocardio. The QRS Complex is related to the electrical current produced by the contraction of the ventricles, which we call ventricular depolarization. This contraction is much stronger than that of the atria and involves more muscle mass, causing a greater deflection in the electrocardiogram. The duration, amplitude and morphology of the QRS complex is very important to diagnose different disorders, such as, among others, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal conduction, electrolyte imbalances. The Q wave is the first wave of the complex and has negative values, since it decreases in the graph of the electrocardiogram. This wave can be normal or pathological. When the normal Q wave is present, it symbolizes the depolarization of the interventricular septum or septum. When the wave is greater than 1/3 the size of the next wave R or has a duration greater than 40 ms (a small square), or if it occurs in right precordial leads, it can represent a myocardial infarction.
Las ondas R y S revelan la contracción del miocardio. La onda R es la que le sigue a la onda Q, es la de mayor tamaño y es positiva. La onda S es la onda negativa que aparece después de la onda R. The R and S waves reveal the contraction of the myocardium. The R wave is the wave that follows Q, is the largest and is positive. The S wave is the negative wave that appears after the R wave.
Las anomalías que puede presentar el complejo QRS, indican distintos trastornos como bloqueo de rama, hipertrofias, taquicardia y otras anormalidades ventriculares. Cuando los complejos son pequeños indican pericarditis. The anomalies that the QRS complex can present indicate different disorders such as branch blockage, hypertrophy, tachycardia and other ventricular abnormalities. When the complexes are small, they indicate pericarditis.
La duración normal es de 60 a 100 milisegundos. Cuando el complejo en total supera los 120 ms o tiene forma de letra M, es anormal y señala, por ejemplo, hiperpotasemia, un marcapasos o hipotermia (llamada Onda de Osborne) . The normal duration is 60 to 100 milliseconds. When the complex total exceeds 120 ms or is shaped like a letter M, it is abnormal and indicates, for example, hyperkalemia, a pacemaker or hypothermia (called Onda de Osborne).
Cuando se repolarizan los ventrículos se forma la onda T. Normalmente es asimétrica, con una subida más gradual que el descenso, generalmente tiene forma curvada, pero puede tener una pequeña giba. En la mayoría de las derivaciones, es positiva, pero si es negativa puede indicar síntomas de enfermedad, no obstante, una onda T invertida es normal en VI. Su amplitud no suele medirse porque es muy variable, sin embargo, ondas T de bajos voltajes o planas en varias derivaciones pueden manifestar una anormalidad. When the ventricles are repolarized, the T wave is formed. It is usually asymmetric, with a more gradual rise than the descent, it usually has a curved shape, but it may have a small hump. In most of the referrals, it is positive, but if it is negative it can indicate symptoms of illness, however, an inverted T wave is normal in VI. Its amplitude is not usually measured because it is very variable, however, low voltages or flat T waves in several leads may manifest an abnormality.
Se realizó una búsqueda técnica de patentes para electrocardiógrafos inalámbricos, donde se encontró que se han desarrollado diferentes sistemas para este fin, como se menciona en la publicación de solicitud de patente número US20120203124A1, con fecha de publicación del 09 de agosto de 2012, y que tiene como título "MOBILE PHONE FOR RECORDING ECG (Teléfono móvil para grabar ECG) ", que describe un teléfono móvil, un método de montaje de un teléfono móvil, y un método de grabación de un ECG utilizando el teléfono móvil. El teléfono móvil comprende una carcasa; un módulo de comunicación inalámbrico dispuesto dentro de la carcasa para comunicarse con una red móvil; uno o más elementos sensores integrados en la carcasa para medir una señal electrofisiológica de una persona; y, un módulo generador de ECG dispuesto dentro de la carcasa y acoplado a los elementos sensores y el módulo de comunicación para generar un ECG a partir de la señal electrofisiológica medida y para transmitir datos que representan dicho ECG a través del módulo de comunicación. A patent technical search for wireless electrocardiographs was carried out, where it was found that different systems have been developed for this purpose, as mentioned in the publication of patent application number US20120203124A1, with publication date of August 9, 2012, and that is titled "MOBILE PHONE FOR RECORDING ECG (Mobile phone to record ECG)", which describes a mobile phone, a method of mounting a mobile phone, and a method of recording an ECG using the mobile phone. The mobile telephone comprises a housing; a wireless communication module disposed within the housing to communicate with a mobile network; one or more sensor elements integrated in the housing to measure an electrophysiological signal of a person; and, an ECG generator module disposed within the housing and coupled to the sensor elements and the communication module to generate an ECG from the measured electrophysiological signal and to transmit data representing said ECG through the communication module.
Como podemos observar, el documento anteriormente mencionado hace referencia a un sistema de medición de señales electrocardiográficas de manera inalámbrica que realiza la adquisición de las señales mediante un parche prefabricado, pero carece de realizar mediciones específicas del áreas de interés, además, carece de una construcción especializada y definida para la captación de señal electrocardiográfica, tampoco cuenta con la capacidad de realizar el censado de señales electrocardiográficas mediante implementación de un diminuto parche, el cual se conecta mediante protocolos de bluetooth a un dispositivo móvil haciéndolo fisicamente independiente y liberando al usuario de la necesidad de un contacto directo con el dispositivo móvil para lograr un censado y obtención de señal fiable, otra de las desventajas es que no tiene medios para la interpretación de manera gráfica de los datos analizados asi como medios para evaluar y efectuar un aviso al paciente en caso de que se esté presentando un episodio de cuidado. También se puede observar que dicho documento US20120203124A1, no hace referencia de ser un dispositivo independiente de una fuente de energia que permite su funcionamiento continuo aun sin la presencia del dispositivo móvil, otra de las desventajas que presenta, es que el dispositivo requiere de una construcción especifica haciendo de este, un dispositivo armado para la realización exclusiva de esta función, por lo tanto no es posible hacer uso de cualquier tipo de dispositivo móvil, ya que tampoco presenta el uso de una aplicación para la operación del sistema. As we can see, the aforementioned document refers to a system for measuring electrocardiographic signals wirelessly that performs the acquisition of the signals by means of a prefabricated patch, but it lacks specific measurements of the areas of interest, besides, it lacks a construction specialized and defined for the uptake of electrocardiographic signal, does not have the ability to perform the census of electrocardiographic signals by implementing a tiny patch, which is connected by bluetooth protocols to a device mobile making it physically independent and freeing the user of the need for direct contact with the mobile device to achieve reliable signaling and census, another disadvantage is that it has no means for graphically interpreting the data analyzed as well as means to evaluate and make a warning to the patient in case of an episode of care being presented. It can also be seen that said document US20120203124A1, does not refer to being a device independent of a power source that allows its continuous operation even without the presence of the mobile device, another disadvantage that presents, is that the device requires a construction Specifies by making this an armed device for the exclusive realization of this function, therefore it is not possible to use any type of mobile device, since it does not present the use of an application for the operation of the system.
Por otra parte, se encontró la publicación de solicitud de patente número US20110301439A1, con fecha de publicación del 08 de diciembre de 2011, que tiene como titulo "WIRELESS, ULTRASONIC PERSONAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM (Sistema inalámbrico ultrasónico de vigilancia de la salud personal)", que describe un dispositivo de monitoreo personal que tiene un conjunto de sensores configurados para detectar señales fisiológicas al entrar en contacto con la piel de un usuario. Los conjuntos de sensores producen señales eléctricas que representan las señales fisiológicas detectadas. Un conjunto convertidor, integrado y conectado eléctricamente al conjunto de sensores, convierte las señales eléctricas generadas por el conjunto de sensores en una señal de sonido ultrasónica inaudible modulada en frecuencia. La señal ultrasónica se desmodula a partir de una señal de alias producida por un sub- muestreo. On the other hand, it was found the publication of patent application number US20110301439A1, with publication date of December 8, 2011, which has as its title "WIRELESS, ULTRASONIC PERSONAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM (Ultrasonic Wireless Personal Health Surveillance System)" , which describes a personal monitoring device that has a set of sensors configured to detect physiological signals upon contact with the skin of a user. The sensor sets produce electrical signals that represent the physiological signals detected. A converter set, integrated and electrically connected to the set of sensors, converts the electrical signals generated by the set of sensors in an inaudible ultrasonic sound signal modulated in frequency. The ultrasonic signal is demodulated from an alias signal produced by a sub-sampling.
El documento US20110301439A1, hace mención de un dispositivo con la caracteristica de captar señales fisiológicas para luego modularlas y convertirlas en señales ultrasónicas, pero carece de un sistema especifico capaz de detectar señales electrocardiográficas, tampoco cuenta con medios para la interpretación de manera gráfica de los datos analizados a través de la pantalla de un dispositivo móvil los cuales son enviados via bluetooth, también carece de medios para evaluar y avisar al paciente sobre posibles alteraciones que este sufriendo en el momento . The document US20110301439A1, mentions a device with the characteristic of capturing physiological signals and then modulating them and converting them into ultrasonic signals, but lacks a specific system capable of detecting electrocardiographic signals, nor does it have means for graphically interpreting the data analyzed through the screen of a mobile device which are sent via Bluetooth, also lacks means to assess and warn the patient about possible alterations that this suffering at the time.
Las principales diferencias con los documentos mencionados con el electrocardiógrafo de la presente invención, es que se da a conocer al usuario las cardiopatias detectadas al momento; al tener la interfaz de un dispositivo móvil con el electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico, se mejora la habilidad diagnóstica de alteraciones como hipertrofias ventriculares o trastornos del ritmo cardiaco, y a su vez facilita la interpretación del electrocardiograma en el contexto clínico del paciente individual para la prevención, diagnóstico y seguimiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares . Otra diferencia, es la duración del monitoreo cardiaco en tiempo real que brinda un equipo portátil de manera inalámbrica, ya que actualmente el mayor tiempo de monitoreo continuo que tiene un holter inalámbrico, es de tan solo 5 dias. Posteriormente el equipo es retirado y desechado debido a la descarga de la batería y principalmente, a higiene del paciente, ya que los dispositivos convencionales van adheridos al cuerpo y no pueden ser retirados y reutilizados después de ello, lo cual limita al individuo a llevar a cabo su aseo personal. The main differences with the aforementioned documents with the electrocardiograph of the present invention, is that the user is informed of the cardiopathies detected at the time; by having the interface of a mobile device with the wireless electrocardiograph, the diagnostic ability of alterations such as ventricular hypertrophy or heart rhythm disorders is improved, and in turn facilitates the interpretation of the electrocardiogram in the clinical context of the individual patient for the prevention, diagnosis and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases. Another difference is the duration of real-time cardiac monitoring provided by a portable device wirelessly, since currently the longest continuous monitoring time that a wireless holter has, is only 5 days. Afterwards the team is retired and discarded due to the discharge of the battery and mainly to patient hygiene, since conventional devices are attached to the body and can not be removed and reused afterwards, which limits the individual to carry out their personal hygiene.
Por último el electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico, motivo de la presente invención, puede ser retirado e implementado en cualquier momento, debido a que no es necesario adherirlo al cuerpo con algún tipo de pegamento, lo cual le brinda al paciente la facilidad para utilizarlo y retirarlo las veces que sean pertinentes, convirtiendo a este novedoso holter en un gadget de uso cotidiano, el cual brinda al usuario la tranquilidad de tener en sus manos la información de su monitoreo cardiaco las 24 horas del dia los 7 dias de la semana. Finally the wireless electrocardiograph, reason for the present invention, can be removed and implemented at any time, because it is not necessary to adhere to the body with some type of glue, which gives the patient the facility to use it and remove it sometimes that they are pertinent, turning this novel holter into a gadget of daily use, which offers the user the peace of mind of having in his hands the information of his cardiac monitoring 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN Es, por lo tanto, objeto de la presente invención, proporcionar un electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico de monitoreo continuo con tecnologia bluetooth, que resuelve los problemas anteriormente mencionados. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, object of the present invention to provide a wireless continuous monitoring electrocardiograph with bluetooth technology, which solves the aforementioned problems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Los detalles caracteristicos de este novedoso electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico se muestran claramente en la siguiente descripción y en las figuras que se acompañan, asi como una ilustración de aquella, y siguiendo los mismos signos de referencia para indicar las partes mostradas. Sin embargo, dichas figuras se muestran a manera de ejemplo y no deben de ser consideradas como limitativas para la presente invención. La figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva superior posterior del electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico.The characteristic details of this novel wireless electrocardiograph are clearly shown in the following description and in the accompanying figures, as well as an illustration thereof, and following the same reference signs to indicate the parts shown. However, said figures are shown by way of example and should not be considered as limiting for the present invention. Figure 1 shows a rear top perspective view of the wireless electrocardiograph.
La figura 2 muestra una vista en perspectiva superior del explosivo del electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico.Figure 2 shows a top perspective view of the explosive of the wireless electrocardiograph.
La figura 3 muestra una vista del diagrama del circuito integral del electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico. Figure 3 shows a diagrammatic view of the integral circuit of the wireless electrocardiograph.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Para una mejor comprensión de la invención, a continuación, se enlistan las partes que componen el electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico: 1. Tarjeta electrónica For a better understanding of the invention, below, the parts that make up the wireless electrocardiograph are listed: 1. Electronic card
2. Carcasa 2. Housing
3. Electrodo 3. Electrode
4. Pre amplificador 4. Pre amplifier
5. Amplificador 5. Amplifier
6. Filtro analógico de pasa bajas 6. Analog low pass filter
7. Filtro notch 7. Filter notch
8. Amplificador operacional del pre amplificador 8. Operational amplifier of the pre amplifier
9. Resistencia RG del pre amplificador 9. Resistance RG pre amplifier
10. Amplificador operacional del amplificador 10. Amplifier Operational Amplifier
11. Resistencias del filtro analógico de pasa bajas 11. Low pass analog filter resistors
12. Capacitores del filtro analógico de pasa bajas12. Capacitors of the low pass analog filter
13. Amplificador operacional del filtro analógico pasa bajas 13. Operational amplifier of the low-pass analog filter
14. Capacitores en serie 14. Serial capacitors
15. Resistencias en serie 15. Series resistors
16. Resistor 16. Resistor
17. Amplificador operacional del filtro notch 17. Notch filter operational amplifier
18. Resistencia RG del pre amplificador Con referencia a las figuras, el electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico, está conformado por: 18. Resistance RG of pre amplifier With reference to the figures, the wireless electrocardiograph is made up of:
Una tarjeta electrónica (1) que se encuentra alojada dentro de una carcasa (2) la cual está conformada por dos tapas idénticas de forma convexa y que cierran herméticamente, manteniendo la tarjeta electrónica aislada del exterior, para evita que se dañe. La carcasa (2) está configurada con, al menos, un electrodo (3) auto adherible en el exterior de una de las tapas, el cual entra en contacto con el cuerpo de la persona que se medirá el ritmo cardiaco, con la finalidad de obtener un electrocardiograma; dichos electrodos (3) se conectan directamente a la tarjeta electrónica (1) para enviar la señal obtenida del corazón y transformarla, para poder obtener dicho electrocardiograma . An electronic card (1) that is housed inside a casing (2) which is formed by two identical covers of convex form and that close hermetically, keeping the electronic card isolated from the outside, to avoid that it is damaged. The housing (2) is configured with at least one self-adhesive electrode (3) on the outside of one of the covers, which comes into contact with the body of the person to be measured the heart rate, in order to obtain an electrocardiogram; said electrodes (3) are connected directly to the electronic card (1) to send the signal obtained from the heart and transform it, in order to obtain said electrocardiogram.
La tarjeta electrónica (1) está diseñada para ensamblar los componentes electrónicos necesarios para su funcionamiento y operación de acuerdo con el circuito integral del electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico que se muestra en la figura 4. The electronic card (1) is designed to assemble the electronic components necessary for its operation and operation in accordance with the integral circuit of the wireless electrocardiograph shown in Figure 4.
La tarjeta electrónica (1) está estructurada de tal forma que, tiene, al menos, un pre amplificador (4); al menos, un amplificador (5), al menos, cuatro filtros analógicos de pasa bajas (6) de segundo orden; al menos, un filtro eliminador de banda conocido como filtro noten (7); un microcontrolador (no ilustrado) y un módulo bluetooth (no ilustrado) . Con lo anterior se logra un correcto funcionamiento de la tarjeta electrónica (1) y asi se logra el monitoreo del paciente, obteniendo por medio de una interface individuo-dispositivo la emisión de datos que son transformados de señal analógica a señal digital y enviados a una interface gráfica, a un dispositivo que cuente con bluetooth, para recibir la señal del electrocardiograma. The electronic card (1) is structured in such a way that it has at least one preamplifier (4); at least one amplifier (5), at least four analog filters of low pass (6) of second order; at least one band eliminating filter known as a filter noten (7); a microcontroller (not shown) and a bluetooth module (not shown). With the above, a correct operation of the electronic card (1) is achieved and thus the patient's monitoring is achieved, obtaining by means of an individual-device interface the emission of data that are transformed from analog signal to digital signal and sent to a graphical interface, to a device that has bluetooth, to receive the signal of the electrocardiogram.
Un regulador de voltaje (no ilustrado), conectado a la tarjeta electrónica, está dispuesto para la alimentación de energía eléctrica al electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico. A voltage regulator (not shown), connected to the electronic card, is arranged for the supply of electrical energy to the wireless electrocardiograph.
El pre amplificador (4) de la señal adquirida, se encarga de realizar una amplificación de la señal original con una ganancia de solo 100 dB con el fin de evitar saturar el amplificador de instrumentación y así evadir la modificación de la señal y el ruido en la misma. La señal es adquirida conectando los electrodos (3) en puntos establecidos de manera estratégica, estos electrodos a su vez están conectados a las entradas positiva y negativa de un amplificador operacional del pre amplificador (8), así como una tercera conexión al común del circuito. El pre amplificador es alimentado por un regulador de voltaje (no ilustrado), con un voltaje, preferentemente de +/- 5v y cuenta con, al menos, una resistencia RG del pre amplificador (18), la cual permite establecer la ganancia con la que trabaja en esta primera etapa. The preamplifier (4) of the acquired signal, is responsible for performing an amplification of the original signal with a gain of only 100 dB in order to avoid saturating the instrumentation amplifier and thus avoid the modification of the signal and noise in the same. The signal is acquired by connecting the electrodes (3) at strategically established points, these electrodes are in turn connected to the positive and negative inputs of an operational amplifier of the pre amplifier (8), as well as a third connection to the common circuit . The pre amplifier is powered by a voltage regulator (not shown), with a voltage, preferably of +/- 5v and has at least one resistance RG of the preamplifier (18), which allows to establish the gain with the who works in this first stage.
El amplificador (5) está conectado a la salida del pre amplificador (8) para recibir la señal, y amplificar dicha señal en 3 dB, obteniendo así una ganancia total de salida de 300 dB; con el fin de obtener una señal de salida con una amplitud que ronde entre 1 y 5 volts, ya que la señal original tiene una amplitud entre 5 y 15 mV; el amplificador (5) cuenta con, al menos, un amplificador operacional del amplificador (10) y con, al menos, una resistencia RG del amplificador (9) . El filtro analógico de pasa bajas (6) de segundo orden, se conecta a la salida del amplificador (5) y se encarga de evitar el paso de las señales que se encuentren fuera del rango máximo establecido; eliminando asi toda actividad obtenida que se encuentre por encima de esta frecuencia de corte. La tarjeta electrónica (1) consta de la conexión en cascada de, al menos, cuatro filtros pasa-bajas (6) de segundo orden, teniendo como primer instancia recibir la señal amplificada proveniente del amplificador (5), e ingresa al primer filtro pasa-bajas, el cual también antepone un arreglo de, al menos, dos resistencias del filtro analógico de pasa bajas (11) y, al menos, dos capacitores del filtro analógico de pasa bajas (12) cerámicos, como lo establece la topología Sallen-Key para filtros pasa-bajas de segundo orden. Una vez filtrada la señal llega a la salida de un amplificador operacional del filtro analógico pasa bajas (13), el cual está conectado en cascada con el filtro pasa-bajas número dos, quien se encarga, al igual que sus dos filtros posteriores, de obtener una señal con una línea de corte más abrupta, lo cual permite obtener un filtrado más puro que al utilizar filtros de menor orden. The amplifier (5) is connected to the output of the preamplifier (8) to receive the signal, and amplify said signal by 3 dB, thus obtaining a total output gain of 300 dB; in order to obtain an output signal with an amplitude ranging between 1 and 5 volts, since the original signal has an amplitude between 5 and 15 mV; the amplifier (5) has at least one amplifier operational amplifier (10) and with at least one resistance RG of the amplifier (9). The analog low pass filter (6) of second order, is connected to the output of the amplifier (5) and is responsible for preventing the passage of signals that are outside the established maximum range; thus eliminating any activity obtained that is above this cutoff frequency. The electronic card (1) consists of the cascade connection of at least four low-pass filters (6) of the second order, having as a first instance to receive the amplified signal coming from the amplifier (5), and entering the first filter passes. - low, which also prefixes an arrangement of at least two resistors of the low pass analog filter (11) and, at least, two capacitors of the analog low pass filter (12) ceramic, as established by the Sallen- Key for second-order low-pass filters. Once filtered, the signal reaches the output of an operational amplifier of the low-pass analog filter (13), which is connected in cascade with the low-pass filter number two, which is responsible, like its two subsequent filters, for obtain a signal with a more abrupt cutting line, which allows to obtain a purer filtering than when using filters of lower order.
El filtro notch (7) se conecta a la salida del ultimo filtro analógico pasa-bajas (6) y tiene a la función de suprimir la banda de 60Hz, frecuencia inducida por la misma fuente utilizada, la cual nos puede crear un ruido indeseado. El filtro notch (7) está conformado por un arreglo de, al menos, dos capacitores en serie (14), y otro arreglo de, al menos, dos resistencias en serie (15), al cual llega la señal del filtro pasa bajas (6); este arreglo tiene conectadas las resistencias en serie (15) a tierra con el fin de aterrizar el circuito y evitar interferencias, y los capacitores en serie (15) están conectada a un resistor (16) que éste a su vez está ligado al pin de un amplificador operacional del filtro notch (17) . The notch filter (7) is connected to the output of the last low-pass analog filter (6) and has the function of suppressing the 60Hz band, frequency induced by the same source used, which can create unwanted noise. The notch filter (7) consists of an array of at least two capacitors in series (14), and another arrangement of at least two resistors in series (15), at which the low pass filter signal arrives ( 6); this arrangement has connected the resistors in series (15) to ground in order to land the circuit and avoid interference, and the series capacitors (15) are connected to a resistor (16) that this in turn is linked to the pin of an operational amplifier of the notch filter (17).
Una vez eliminada la banda de 60Hz, el pin 1 del amplificador operacional del filtro notch (7) se encarga de darle salida a la señal ya procesada, para posteriormente pasar al microcontrolador (no ilustrado) que está conectado al filtro notch (7); el microcontrolador recibe la señal mediante un puerto de entrada analógica, una vez ingresada al microcontrolador es digitalizada para posteriormente ser enviada al módulo bluetooth (no ilustrado) ; para lograr la interfase individuo-dispositivo y recibir los datos procesados por el electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico en cualquier tipo de dispositivo móvil que cuente con tecnologia bluetooth y mediante una aplicación descargada en el dispositivo, donde, los datos recibidos son de manera gráfica y de una fácil interpretación; permitiendo que el usuario conozca las cardiopatias detectadas al momento. Una variante del electrocardiógrafo inalámbrico es que la tarjeta electrónica (1), puede contar con al menos, cuatro filtros analógicos de paso altas (no ilustrado) de segundo orden, conectados después del amplificador (5) y antes del filtro analógico de paso bajo (6) de segundo orden. Once the 60Hz band has been eliminated, pin 1 of the notch filter's operational amplifier (7) is responsible for outputting the signal already processed, to later pass to the microcontroller (not shown) that is connected to the notch filter (7); the microcontroller receives the signal through an analog input port, once it is entered into the microcontroller it is digitalized and then sent to the bluetooth module (not shown); to achieve the individual-device interface and receive the data processed by the wireless electrocardiograph in any type of mobile device that has bluetooth technology and through an application downloaded to the device, where the received data is graphically and easily interpreted ; allowing the user to know the cardiopathies detected at the moment. A variant of the wireless electrocardiograph is that the electronic card (1) can have at least four high-pass analog filters (not shown) of second order, connected after the amplifier (5) and before the analog low-pass filter ( 6) second order.
Dicho filtro analógico de paso altas (no ilustrado) , tiene la misma configuración que el filtro analógico de paso bajo (6) . Said high pass analog filter (not shown), has the same configuration as the analog low pass filter (6).
Habiendo descrito suficientemente la invención, se reclama como propiedad lo contenido en las reivindicaciones del capitulo reivindicatorío. Having sufficiently described the invention, the content of the claims of the claim chapter is claimed as property.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX2017010316A MX385005B (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | WIRELESS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH |
| MXMX/A/2017/010316 | 2017-08-10 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2019031956A1 true WO2019031956A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/MX2017/000090 Ceased WO2019031956A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 | 2017-08-10 | WIRELESS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH |
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| Country | Link |
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| MX (1) | MX385005B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019031956A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102512153A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-06-27 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Non-contact electrocardio monitoring mobile terminal and electrocardio monitoring method |
| CN104207769A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-17 | 电子科技大学 | Electrocardiosignal detection system |
| CN104510463A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-15 | 华南理工大学 | Wearable device based electroencephalograph detection device |
| US20150257647A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-17 | Cardiac Technologies International, Inc. | Method and device for patient monitoring using dynamic multi-function device |
| DE102016119097A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | K-Healthwear Co., Ltd. | Portable wireless 12-channel electrocardiogram system |
| WO2017075856A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | 福州大学 | Wavelet analysis-based remote electrocardiogram monitoring and warning system and method |
-
2017
- 2017-08-10 WO PCT/MX2017/000090 patent/WO2019031956A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-08-10 MX MX2017010316A patent/MX385005B/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102512153A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-06-27 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Non-contact electrocardio monitoring mobile terminal and electrocardio monitoring method |
| US20150257647A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-17 | Cardiac Technologies International, Inc. | Method and device for patient monitoring using dynamic multi-function device |
| CN104207769A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-17 | 电子科技大学 | Electrocardiosignal detection system |
| CN104510463A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-15 | 华南理工大学 | Wearable device based electroencephalograph detection device |
| DE102016119097A1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2017-04-13 | K-Healthwear Co., Ltd. | Portable wireless 12-channel electrocardiogram system |
| WO2017075856A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | 福州大学 | Wavelet analysis-based remote electrocardiogram monitoring and warning system and method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2017010316A (en) | 2019-02-12 |
| MX385005B (en) | 2025-03-04 |
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