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WO2019096109A1 - 地铁车辆的吸能装置 - Google Patents

地铁车辆的吸能装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019096109A1
WO2019096109A1 PCT/CN2018/115153 CN2018115153W WO2019096109A1 WO 2019096109 A1 WO2019096109 A1 WO 2019096109A1 CN 2018115153 W CN2018115153 W CN 2018115153W WO 2019096109 A1 WO2019096109 A1 WO 2019096109A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy absorbing
climbing device
fixed
mold half
collision
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/115153
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
骆起
刘洪涛
王科飞
方子文
王剑然
洪海峰
于青松
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
Priority to US16/477,819 priority Critical patent/US20200122752A1/en
Publication of WO2019096109A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019096109A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
    • B61F19/04—Bumpers or like collision guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D15/00—Other railway vehicles, e.g. scaffold cars; Adaptations of vehicles for use on railways
    • B61D15/06—Buffer cars; Arrangements or construction of railway vehicles for protecting them in case of collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/06—End walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of anti-collision and energy absorbing devices for rail vehicle head vehicles, and in particular to a front end energy absorbing device for a metro vehicle.
  • the front end of the head vehicle of a rail vehicle is usually provided with an anti-collision energy absorbing device.
  • the existing subway vehicles with energy absorbing devices usually adopt a structural form in which the vehicle body underframe structure and the energy absorbing device are integrated.
  • the above structural form integrates the energy absorbing device and the vehicle body underframe.
  • the energy absorbing device of the vehicle body bears the impact impulse together with the vehicle body chassis, and absorbs the absorption into the deformation internal energy.
  • the structure of the car body underframe and the energy absorbing device are irreversibly deformed and destroyed. Even in low-speed collisions, the car body undercarriage is no longer replaceable and maintainable. That is to say, a minor collision will result in overhaul or scrapping of the vehicle. Therefore, the structural form of the old car body underframe structure and the energy absorbing device integrated design has been unable to meet the new requirements of the vehicle procurement user for vehicle safety and maintainability.
  • the first stage energy absorbing device can be replaced or repaired to meet the requirements of the user.
  • the present invention provides a subway Energy absorbing device for the vehicle.
  • the device comprises: a movable anti-climbing device, a fixed anti-climbing device, an energy-absorbing honeycomb, at least one crushing tube, two chute assemblies, and two guiding slide rails, wherein the middle portion of the fixed anti-climbing device is provided a front-opening receiving cavity, the energy-absorbing honeycomb is embedded in the receiving cavity, and a rear end of the movable anti-climbing device is connected with a front end of the fixed anti-climbing device through two movable anti-climbing long bolts, and The rear end surface of the movable anti-climbing device causes the energy absorbing honeycomb to be caught in the receiving cavity of the fixed anti-climbing device; the at least one crushing tube is vertically fixed to the rear end of the fixed anti-climbing device;
  • the two chute assemblies are symmetrically fixed to the outer side walls of the left and right ends of the fixed anti-climbing device; the two guiding slide rails are arranged in parallel at the left and right ends of the fixed anti-
  • the movable anti-climbing device comprises three flat plates, two side vertical plates, and one neutral plate, wherein the three flat plates are arranged parallel to each other to form a flat plate group, and the left and right ends of the flat plate group are respectively Securely connected to a corresponding side riser; the middle of the three flat plates are provided with rectangular through grooves, and the neutral plates sequentially pass through the respective rectangular through grooves of the three flat plates and are integrated with the three flat plates Solid.
  • the front ends of the three flat plates are provided with at least one row of through holes.
  • the fixed anti-climbing device comprises: a left anti-collision box, a right anti-collision box, located between the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box and configured to fix the left anti-collision box a rear cavity of the receiving cavity at the rear of the opposite side walls of the body and the right anti-collision box, a receiving upper cover, a receiving lower cover, and two chute fixing seats;
  • the inside of the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box are respectively provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs disposed along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body; the left anti-collision box and the right anti-collision box are symmetrically disposed;
  • the left and right ends of the accommodating chamber lower cover are respectively welded to the lower edges of the left side fixed anti-climbing anti-collision box and the opposite side wall of the right-side fixed anti-climbing anti-collision box, the accommodating a rear end of the lower cover plate supports
  • the upper surfaces of the left collision preventing box and the right collision preventing box are respectively provided with a mounting hole for mounting a front end frame of the head vehicle of the subway vehicle, and the energy absorbing unit is located at the In front of the front end frame, the at least one crushing tube is located behind the front end frame, and the two guiding rails are fixed to the body frame of the head vehicle of the subway vehicle.
  • a part of the movable anti-climbing device is inserted into the accommodating cavity and a front end of the movable anti-climbing device protrudes from the accommodating cavity, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb is passed through a rear end surface of the movable anti-climbing device Completely enclosed within the receiving cavity of the fixed anti-climbing device.
  • the movable anti-climbing device, the energy-absorbing honeycomb, the fixed anti-climbing device, and the impact strength of the at least one crushing pipe are sequentially weakened in the following order: the fixed anti-climbing device, the A movable anti-climbing device, the at least one crush tube, the energy absorbing honeycomb.
  • each of the two chute assemblies comprises: an upper mold half, a lower mold half, and a plurality of chute connecting bolts, wherein the upper mold half includes an upper mold half chute portion and an upper mold half butt portion
  • the upper mold half abutting portion is provided with a plurality of thread blind holes
  • the upper mold half chute portion is an inverted right angle step type structure
  • the upper mold half is opposite to the left collision preventing box or the right
  • the lateral outer side wall of the anti-collision box is fixedly connected;
  • the upper surface of the upper mold half is fixedly connected with the chute fixing seat disposed on the lateral outer side wall of the left anti-collision box or the right anti-collision box;
  • the lower mold half includes a lower mold half groove portion and a lower mold half abutting portion, the lower mold half abutting portion is provided with a plurality of threaded through holes, and the lower mold half chute portion is a right angle stepped structure;
  • the thickness of the boss of each of the two guiding slides is gradually reduced from front to back to form a wedge-shaped track, and the chute is slided from the front to the rear into the guiding rail.
  • the gap between the assembly and the guide rail gradually increases.
  • the triggering force of the at least one crush tube is at least 1.3 times the triggering force of the energy absorbing unit, and the maximum absorbed energy of the at least one crush tube is at least the maximum absorbed energy of the energy absorbing unit. 5 times.
  • the invention also discloses a method for installing an energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle, wherein:
  • Step 1 the rear ends of the two guiding rails and the rear end of the at least one crushing pipe are respectively fixed to the chassis of the vehicle body,
  • Step 2 inserting the energy absorbing honeycomb into the accommodating cavity of the anti-climbing device with the internal honeycomb cavity facing the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • Step 3 inserting a rear end of the movable anti-climbing device into a receiving cavity of the fixed anti-climbing device, and a front end of the movable anti-climbing device protrudes from the receiving cavity
  • step 4 the movable anti-climbing device is movably connected to the fixed anti-climbing device by two movable anti-climbing device long bolts.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: when the energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle is subjected to a relatively small foreign object impact, the impacting foreign matter is first brought into contact with the movable anti-climbing device, and since the active anti-climbing device has a high structural strength, it is not It will be deformed by the impact, so it cannot absorb the impact energy in a large amount, and it only transmits the collision energy to the energy absorbing cell behind it.
  • the energy absorbing cell is the first stage energy absorbing buffer device in the overall structure of the present invention, which directly bears the impact impact force transmitted by the movable anti-climbing device, and is subjected to compression deformation and collision by the energy absorbing cell itself.
  • the fixed anti-climbing device is the main bearing structure in the whole energy absorbing device, and accommodates the energy absorbing honeycomb and provides directional support thereto.
  • the front end of the accommodating cavity does not have an end cover, which facilitates the replacement and maintenance of the energy absorbing honeycomb.
  • Two movable anti-climbing long bolts are arranged longitudinally on the fixed anti-climbing device to ensure that the movable anti-climbing device can only move backwards and cannot move forward. When disassembling the movable anti-climbing device, it is necessary to disassemble two Long anti-climbing bolts.
  • the fixed anti-climbing device also transmits a portion of the collision kinetic energy back to at least one crush tube disposed at the rear end thereof.
  • the crush tube will act as the second-stage energy absorption buffer device, and start the synchronous crushing and damping action to further absorb the collision energy, thereby realizing the vehicle body chassis. Further cushioning protection and ensuring that the impact energy can be sequentially operated in a multi-stage and sequential manner according to a predetermined direction and order in the event of a collision, thereby ensuring the reliability of the action of the energy absorbing device.
  • the two guide rails ensure that the fixed anti-climbing device is synchronized with the two crushing tubes and backwards in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, thereby avoiding the bending and failure of one of the crushing tubes due to the unsynchronized force.
  • the device also greatly improves the accuracy of energy absorption of the vehicle by adopting the design of the energy absorbing element and the split structure of the vehicle body structure, and can greatly reduce the maintenance cost of the energy absorbing device for the vehicle user.
  • the energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle of the present invention has the advantages of simple and practical structure, convenient operation, low cost, and convenient popularization.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view showing the structure of an energy absorbing device of a subway vehicle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing the energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic exploded view of the energy absorbing device of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of the energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle of the present invention in another stereoscopic view;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of the movable anti-climbing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a honeycomb used in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed anti-climbing device of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the chute assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the operation of the energy absorbing device of the present invention after it has been impacted.
  • an energy absorbing device for a subway vehicle is provided.
  • the energy absorbing device comprises a movable anti-climbing device 1, a fixed anti-climbing device 2, an energy absorbing honeycomb 3, at least one crushing tube 4, two chute assemblies 5 and two guiding slides 6.
  • the middle section of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 is provided with a receiving cavity having an open end, and the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is embedded in the receiving cavity of the fixed anti-climbing device 2.
  • the rear end of the movable anti-climbing device 1 and the front end of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 are connected by two movable anti-climbing long bolts 7.
  • the rear end face of the movable anti-climbing device 1 causes the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 to be caught in the accommodating cavity of the fixed anti-climbing device 2.
  • At least one crush tube 4 is vertically fixed to the rear end of the fixed anti-climbing device 2.
  • the two chute assemblies 5 are symmetrically fixed to the outer sidewalls of the left and right ends of the fixed anti-climbing device 2.
  • the two guide rails 6 are arranged in parallel on the left and right ends of the fixed anti-climbing device 2, and each of the guide rails 6 is slidably connected to a corresponding chute assembly 5.
  • a part of the movable anti-climbing device 1 can be inserted into the accommodating cavity, and a front end of the movable anti-climbing device 1 protrudes from the accommodating cavity, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 can pass the activity
  • the rear end face of the anti-climbing device 1 is completely enclosed in the receiving cavity of the fixed anti-climbing device 2.
  • the position of the energy absorbing device relative to other components of the vehicle body may be: the two guiding rails 6 are parallel and welded to the vehicle body chassis 8 , and the front end frame 9 is perpendicular to the upper surface of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 And the welding connection, the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is located in front of the front end frame 9, and the at least one crushing tube 4 is located behind the front end frame 9.
  • Fig. 2 is a view showing the structural form of the energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle of the present invention when it is assembled and the relative positional relationship between the components.
  • 3 is a schematic view showing another exploded structure of an energy absorbing device for inventing a subway vehicle.
  • 4 is an exploded view of the energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle of the present invention in another perspective view. All the components of the energy absorbing device of the subway vehicle of the present invention are shown.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of the movable anti-climbing device of the present invention.
  • the movable anti-climbing device 1 includes three flat plates 1-1, two side vertical plates 1-2, and one neutral plate 1-3.
  • the three side flat plates 1-1 are disposed in parallel with each other.
  • the left and right ends of each side panel 1-1 are fixedly connected to a corresponding side vertical panel 1-2, and the five together constitute a first energy absorbing box.
  • the middle sections of the three flat plates 1-1 are each provided with a rectangular through groove 1-1-1, and the neutral plates 1-3 sequentially pass through the respective rectangular through grooves 1-1-1 of the three flat plates 1-1. It is fixed to the three flat plates 1-1.
  • the front ends of the three flat plates 1-1 of the movable anti-climbing device 1 are arranged in at least one row through the upper and lower through holes 1-4.
  • the activity can be carried out by pulling a rope that penetrates the through holes 1-4.
  • the anti-climbing device 1 is removed to replace the component.
  • FIG 6 is a schematic illustration of a honeycomb used in the present invention.
  • the preferred material for the honeycomb is aluminum.
  • the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 can be completely enclosed by the rear end surface of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 in the accommodating chamber of the fixed anti-climbing device 2, and the front end of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 protrudes from the accommodating chamber.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing the structure of the fixed anti-climbing device of the present invention.
  • the fixed anti-climbing device 2 includes a left anti-collision box 2-1, a right anti-collision box 2-2, a receiving chamber rear end beam 2-3, a receiving chamber upper cover 2-4, and a receiving chamber lower cover 2 -5 and two chute mounts 2-6.
  • the inside of the accommodating chamber rear end beam 2-3, the left anti-collision box 2-1 and the right crash box 2-2 are provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs disposed along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • the rear portions of the opposite side walls of the left anti-collision case 2-1 and the right anti-collision case 2-2 are fixed by the receiving cavity rear end beam 2-3 and the left anti-collision case 2-1 It is symmetrical with the right anti-collision box 2-2.
  • the left and right ends of the accommodating chamber lower cover 2-5 are respectively fixed to the lower edges of the opposite side walls of the left collision preventing box 2-1 and the right collision preventing box 2-2.
  • the rear end of the accommodating chamber lower cover 2-5 supports the lower ends of the accommodating chamber rear end beams 2-3 and is fixed to each other.
  • the left and right ends of the accommodating chamber upper cover 2-4 are welded to the upper edges of the opposite side walls of the left collision preventing box 2-1 and the right collision preventing box 2-2, respectively.
  • the rear end of the accommodating chamber upper cover 2-4 covers the upper end of the accommodating chamber rear end beam 2-3 and is fixed to each other.
  • the two chute fixing seats 2-6 are respectively disposed on the lateral outer side walls of the left anti-collision case 2-1 and the right anti-collision case 2-2.
  • the front end of the at least one crush tube 4 is vertically fixed to the rear end of the fixed anti-climbing device 2.
  • the crush tube 4 can be vertically fixed to the rear end of the receiving chamber rear end beam 2-3.
  • the two crushing pipes 4 may be vertically fixed to the rear ends of the left crash box 2-1 and the right crash box 2-2, respectively.
  • the upper anti-collision box 2-1 and the upper anti-collision box 2-2 of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 may each have a mounting hole 2-7 for mounting the front end frame 9.
  • the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is located in front of the front end frame 9, and the at least one crushing tube 4 is located behind the front end frame 9.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary chute assembly 5 of the present invention.
  • the lateral outer side wall of the chute assembly 5 and the left anti-collision box 2-1 or the right anti-collision box 2-2 is fixed by the chute fixing seat 2-6.
  • the chute assembly 5 may include an upper mold half 5-1, a lower mold half 5-2, and a plurality of chute connection bolts 5-3.
  • the upper mold half 5-1 may include an upper mold half chute portion 5-1-1 and an upper mold half abutment portion 5-1-2.
  • the upper mold half abutting portion 5-1-2 is provided with a plurality of thread blind holes.
  • the upper mold half chute portion 5-1-1 is an inverted right angle stepped structure.
  • the upper surfaces of the upper mold half abutting portions 5-1-2 are respectively fixed to the chute fixing bases 2-6.
  • the lower mold half 5-2 includes a lower mold half chute portion 5-2-1 and a lower mold half abutment portion 5-2-2.
  • a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the lower mold half abutting portion 5-2-2.
  • the lower mold half chute portion 5-2-1 is a right angle stepped structure.
  • the lower mold half abutting portion 5-2-2 and the upper mold half abutting portion 5-1-2 are in close contact with each other.
  • the plurality of chute connecting bolts 5-3 respectively pass through the plurality of threaded through holes on the lower mold half abutting portion 5-2-2 and the plurality of thread blind hole threads on the upper mold half abutting portion 5-1-2 connection.
  • the inverted stepped structure of the lower mold half chute portion 5-2-1 is combined with the stepped structure of the upper mold half chute portion 5-1-1 to form a complete chute structure.
  • the boss rail surface of the guide rail 6 can be embedded in the interior of the chute structure from a horizontal direction to form a sliding connection.
  • the thickness of the boss of the guide rail 6 gradually decreases from front to back to form a wedge-shaped track. During the sliding of the chute assembly 5 from the front to the rear into the guide rail 6, the gap between them is larger and larger, thereby reducing the sliding frictional resistance and facilitating sliding.
  • the manner of the attachment may be a welding method.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the action of the structure of the energy absorbing device of the present invention after impact.
  • A shows the position of the movable anti-climbing device 1 and the fixed anti-climbing device 2 before the collision starts.
  • B shows the position of the movable anti-climbing device 1 and the fixed anti-climbing device 2 when the primary energy absorbing element honeycomb 3 first completes the energy absorption during the collision. At this time, the front end of the movable anti-climbing device 1 and the front end of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 are flush.
  • C shows the position of the movable anti-climbing device 1 and the fixed anti-climbing device 2 when the secondary energy absorbing member crushing tube 4 completes energy absorption.
  • the order of impact strength of the movable anti-climbing device 1, the fixed anti-climbing device 2, the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 and the crushing tube 4 is: fixed anti-climbing device 2> active anti-climbing device 1> crushing tube 4> energy absorbing honeycomb 3. Therefore, when a collision occurs, the energy absorption or destruction order of the components is the energy absorbing honeycomb 3, the crushing tube 4, the movable anti-climbing device 1, and the anti-climbing device 2.
  • the triggering force of the crushing tube 4 may be at least 1.3 times the triggering force of the energy absorbing honeycomb 3, and the maximum energy absorbed by the crushing tube 4 may be at least 5 times of the maximum absorbed energy of the energy absorbing honeycomb 3.
  • the rear ends of the two guiding slide rails 6 and the rear ends of the two crushing pipes 4 can be respectively fixed to the chassis of the vehicle body, and the energy absorbing honeycombs 3 can be
  • the inner honeycomb inner cavity is inserted into the accommodating cavity of the fixed anti-climbing device 2 in a posture toward the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.
  • the rear end of the movable anti-climbing device 1 is also inserted into the accommodating chamber of the fixed anti-climbing device 2, so that the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is completely enclosed in the accommodating chamber of the fixed anti-climbing device 2.
  • the movable anti-climbing device 1 is movably connected to the fixed anti-climbing device 2 by two movable anti-climbing device long bolts 7, respectively, that is, the energy absorbing device installation of the subway vehicle of the present invention is completed.
  • the movable anti-climbing device 1 and the fixed anti-climbing device 2 of the present invention are all preferably A588 type high-strength low-alloy carbon steel sheets.
  • the energy absorbing honeycomb 3 is preferably a 5A05 type rustproof alloy provided by Zhongqi Qingdao Sifang Vehicle Research Institute Co., Ltd.
  • the crushing pipe is preferably S550MC type structural steel provided by Zhongqi Qingdao Sifang Vehicle Research Institute Co., Ltd.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种地铁车辆的吸能装置，包括活动防爬器（1）、固定防爬器（2）、吸能蜂窝（3）、至少一个压溃管（4）、两个滑槽组件（5）和两个导向滑轨（6）。吸能蜂窝（3）作为第一级吸能元件，直接承受由活动防爬器（1）传递来的碰撞冲击力，通过吸能蜂窝（3）自身的受压变形，将碰撞动能转化为变形内能和热量，从而实现吸能缓冲；至少一个压溃管（4）则作为第二级吸能缓冲装置，进一步吸收碰撞能量，从而实现对车体底架的进一步缓冲防护，并确保碰撞发生时，撞击能量能够按照预先给定的方向和顺序，按多级、顺次的方式顺序动作，保证吸能装置动作的可靠性。

Description

地铁车辆的吸能装置
本申请要求于2017年11月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为201711120230.1、发明名称为“地铁车辆的吸能装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及轨道车辆头车防撞吸能装置领域，具体涉及一种地铁车辆的前端吸能装置。
背景技术
轨道车辆的头车前端，通常设有防撞吸能装置。现有的带有吸能装置的地铁车辆通常采用车体底架结构与吸能装置一体化设计的结构形式。上述结构形式将吸能装置与车体底架一体构造，当列车前端发生碰撞时，车体的吸能装置连同车体底架一同承受撞击冲量，并将其吸收转化为变形内能，与此同时，车体底架和吸能装置的结构均遭到不可逆转的变形和破坏。即使在低速碰撞下，车体底架也不再具备更换可维护性。也就是说，较轻微的碰撞即造成车辆的大修或报废。因此，旧有的车体底架结构与吸能装置一体化设计的结构形式已经无法满足列车采购用户对车辆安全性和可维护性的新要求。
为使地铁车辆在碰撞发生后，尤其是发生低速碰撞后，不至于直接报废或必须进行大修，急需研发一种具有多级吸能的装置，其在车体底架未受冲击变形的前提下，第一级吸能装置可被更换或维修，从而满足用户的要求。
发明内容
为了解决现有地铁车辆的吸能装置通常均采用车体底架结构与吸能装置一体化设计而造成的地铁车辆被碰撞之后不能对吸能装置单独更换 的技术问题，本发明提供一种地铁车辆的吸能装置。
本发明解决技术问题所采取的技术方案如下：
所述装置包括：活动防爬器，固定防爬器，吸能蜂窝，至少一个压溃管，两个滑槽组件，和两个导向滑轨，其中，所述固定防爬器的中段设有前端开口的容纳腔，所述吸能蜂窝被嵌入所述容纳腔，所述活动防爬器的后端与所述固定防爬器的前端通过两个活动防爬器长螺栓相连接，且所述活动防爬器的后端面使得所述吸能蜂窝被卡在所述固定防爬器的容纳腔内；所述至少一个压溃管垂直固连于所述固定防爬器的后端；所述两个滑槽组件对称地固连于所述固定防爬器左、右两端的外侧壁上；所述两个导向滑轨平行布置于所述固定防爬器的左、右两端，且每个导向滑轨均与一个对应的滑槽组件滑动连接。
优选地，所述活动防爬器包括三个平板、两个侧立板、和一个中立板，其中所述三个平板相互平行设置构成一个平板组，所述平板组的左、右两端均与一个对应的侧立板固连；所述三个平板的中部均设有矩形通槽，所述中立板顺次穿过所述三个平板各自的矩形通槽并与所述三个平板均固连。
优选地，所述三个平板的前端设置有至少一列贯通的通孔。
优选地，所述固定防爬器包括：左防撞箱体，右防撞箱体，位于所述左防撞箱体和右防撞箱体之间且用于固连所述左防撞箱体和右防撞箱体的相对侧壁的后部的容纳腔后端梁，容纳腔上盖板，容纳腔下盖板，和两个滑槽固定座；所述容纳腔后端梁、所述左防撞箱体和所述右防撞箱体的内部均设有多块沿车体纵向设置的加强筋板；所述左防撞箱体和右防撞箱体左右对称设置；所述容纳腔下盖板的左、右两端分别与所述左侧固定防爬器防撞箱体和所述右侧固定防爬器防撞箱体的相对侧壁的下边缘焊接，所述容纳腔下盖板的后端支撑所述容纳腔后端梁的下端，且与所述容纳腔后端梁的下端固连；所述容纳腔上盖板的左、右两端分别与所述左防撞箱体和所述右防撞箱体的相对侧壁的上边缘焊接，所述 容纳腔上盖板的后端覆盖所述容纳腔后端梁的上端，且与所述容纳腔后端梁的上端固连；所述至少一个压溃管的前端垂直固连于所述固定防爬器的后端。
优选地，所述左防撞箱体和所述右防撞箱体的上表面各设置有一个安装孔，用于安装所述地铁车辆的头车的前端骨架，所述吸能蜂窝位于所述前端骨架的前方，所述至少一个压溃管位于所述前端骨架的后方，所述两个导向滑轨与所述地铁车辆的头车的车体底架固连。
优选地，所述活动防爬器的一部分插入所述容纳腔且所述活动防爬器的前端从所述容纳腔伸出，使得所述吸能蜂窝通过所述活动防爬器的后端面被完全封闭在所述固定防爬器的所述容纳腔内。
优选地，所述活动防爬器，所述吸能蜂窝，所述固定防爬器，和所述至少一个压溃管的抗撞击强度按如下顺序依次减弱：所述固定防爬器，所述活动防爬器，所述至少一个压溃管，所述吸能蜂窝。
优选地，所述两个滑槽组件的每个均包括：上半模，下半模，和多个滑槽连接螺栓，所述上半模包括上半模滑槽部和上半模对接部，所述上半模对接部上设有多个螺纹盲孔，所述上半模滑槽部为倒置的直角台阶型结构，所述上半模与所述左防撞箱体或所述右防撞箱体的横向外侧壁固连；所述上半模的上表面与设置在所述左防撞箱体或所述右防撞箱体的横向外侧壁上的滑槽固定座固连；所述下半模包括下半模滑槽部和下半模对接部，所述下半模对接部上设有多个螺纹通孔，所述下半模滑槽部为直角台阶结构；所述上半模对接部与所述下半模对接部彼此密贴，所述多个滑槽连接螺栓分别穿过所述下半模对接部上的多个螺纹通孔与所述上半模对接部上设置的多个螺纹盲孔固接；所述上半模滑槽部的倒置的直角台阶结构和所述下半模滑槽部的直角台阶型结构组合形成完整的滑槽；所述两个导向滑轨的凸台轨面对应地从水平方向分别嵌入所述两个滑槽组件，从而使得所述固定防爬器可沿所述两个导向滑轨滑动。
优选地，所述两个导向滑轨的每个的凸台厚度由前向后逐渐缩小形 成楔形轨道，当所述滑槽组件由前向后滑入所述导向滑轨时，所述滑槽组件与所述导向滑轨之间的间隙逐渐增大。
优选地，所述至少一个压溃管的触发力至少为所述吸能蜂窝的触发力的1.3倍，所述至少一个压溃管最大吸收的能量至少为所述吸能蜂窝的最大吸收能量的5倍。
本发明还公开了一种安装所述地铁车辆的吸能装置的方法，其中：
步骤1，所述两个导向滑轨的后端以及所述至少一个压溃管的后端分别与车体的底架固连，
步骤2，将所述吸能蜂窝以其内部蜂窝状内腔均朝向车体的纵向方向的姿态插入固定防爬器的容纳腔，
步骤3，将所述活动防爬器的后端插入所述固定防爬器的容纳腔，所述活动防爬器的前端从所述容纳腔伸出，
步骤4，分别通过两个活动防爬器长螺栓使所述活动防爬器与所述固定防爬器可活动地连接。
本发明的有益效果是：当地铁车辆的吸能装置受到较为轻微的异物撞击时，撞击异物率先与所述活动防爬器接触，由于所述活动防爬器自身结构强度较高，其并不会因撞击而发生变形，因此也不能大量吸收撞击能量，其仅仅将碰撞能量传递到其后方的吸能蜂窝上。换句话说，吸能蜂窝作为本发明整体结构中的第一级吸能缓冲装置，其直接承受由所述活动防爬器传递来的碰撞冲击力，通过吸能蜂窝自身的受压变形，碰撞动能被转化为变形内能和热量，从而实现吸能缓冲。所述固定防爬器是整个吸能装置中的主要承载结构，其容纳吸能蜂窝并为其提供定向支撑，其容纳腔的前端不设端盖，方便吸能蜂窝的更换和维修。两个活动防爬器长螺栓将活动防爬器纵向设置在固定防爬器上，保证活动防爬器只能向后移动而不能向前移动，向前拆卸活动防爬器时需要先拆卸两个活动防爬器长螺栓。固定防爬器还要将一部分碰撞动能向后传递至布置于其后端的至少一个压溃管。当碰撞冲击力非常强大且超过压溃管的动 作阈值时，压溃管将作为第二级吸能缓冲装置，开始同步的压溃阻尼动作，以进一步吸收碰撞能量，从而实现对车体底架的进一步缓冲防护，并确保碰撞发生时，撞击能量能够按照预先给定的方向和顺序多级、顺次的方式顺序动作，保证吸能装置动作的可靠性。两个导向滑轨保证固定防爬器对两个压溃管同步且沿车体的纵向方向向后进行，从而避免其中一个压溃管因受力的不同步而发生的弯折和失效。
该装置还通过采用吸能元件和车体结构分体式的设计而使得车辆吸能的准确性大大提高，并可以在极大程度上减轻购车用户对吸能装置的维护成本。
此外，本发明的地铁车辆的吸能装置还具有结构简单实用，操作方便，成本低廉，便于推广普及等优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明地铁车辆的吸能装置结构的爆炸图；
图2是本发明地铁车辆的吸能装置的立体结构示意图；
图3是图2中所述吸能装置的爆炸示意图；
图4是本发明地铁车辆的吸能装置在另一立体视角下的爆炸图；
图5是本发明活动防爬器的立体结构示意图；
图6是本发明使用的蜂窝示意图；
图7是本发明固定防爬器的立体结构的爆炸示意图；
图8本发明滑槽组件的立体结构的爆炸示意图；
图9是本发明吸能装置结构被撞击之后的动作示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明，下面将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行清楚、完整地描述。可以理解的是，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于所描述的实施例，本领域技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下所获得的所有其他实施 例，都应当落入本发明所要求保护的范围内。
本文中的上、下、左、右、前、后等方向性用语均是基于车辆行驶的方向且基于附图所示的位置关系而确立的。根据附图的不同，相应的位置关系也有可能随之发生变化，因此，并不能将其理解为对保护范围的绝对限定。
请参考图1-2。根据本发明提供了一种地铁车辆的吸能装置。以下以所述吸能装置被安装在头车前端为例进行说明。所述吸能装置包括活动防爬器1、固定防爬器2、吸能蜂窝3、至少一个压溃管4、两个滑槽组件5和两个导向滑轨6。所述固定防爬器2的中段设有前端开口的容纳腔，所述吸能蜂窝3被嵌入所述固定防爬器2的容纳腔。所述活动防爬器1的后端与所述固定防爬器2的前端通过两个活动防爬器长螺栓7相连。所述活动防爬器1的后端面使得所述吸能蜂窝3被卡在所述固定防爬器2的容纳腔中。至少一个压溃管4垂直固连于所述固定防爬器2的后端。所述两个滑槽组件5对称地固连于所述固定防爬器2左、右两端的外侧壁上。所述两个导向滑轨6平行布置于所述固定防爬器2的左、右两端，且每个导向滑轨6均与一个对应的滑槽组件5滑动连接。
优选地，所述活动防爬器1的一部分可插入所述容纳腔，且所述活动防爬器1的前端从所述容纳腔伸出，这样，所述吸能蜂窝3能够通过所述活动防爬器1的后端面被完全封闭在所述固定防爬器2的容纳腔内。
优选地，所述吸能装置相对于车体其他部件的位置可以为：所述两个导向滑轨6与车体底架8平行且焊接连接，前端骨架9与固定防爬器2上表面垂直且焊接连接，所述吸能蜂窝3位于前端骨架9前方，所述至少一个压溃管4位于前端骨架9后方。
图2显示了本发明地铁车辆的吸能装置完成装配时的结构形态以及各部件之间的相对位置关系。图3是发明地铁车辆的吸能装置的另一爆炸结构示意图。图4是本发明地铁车辆的吸能装置在另一立体视角下的爆炸图。显示了本发明地铁车辆的吸能装置所有的零部件。
图5是本发明活动防爬器的立体结构示意图。所述活动防爬器1包括三个平板1-1、两个侧立板1-2、和一个中立板1-3。所述三个侧平板1-1彼此平行设置。每个侧平板1-1的左、右两端均与一个对应的侧立板1-2固连，其五者共同构成第一吸能箱体。所述三个平板1-1的中段均设有矩形通槽1-1-1，所述中立板1-3顺次穿过三个平板1-1各自的矩形通槽1-1-1并与所述均三个平板1-1固连。
优选地，所述活动防爬器1的三个平板1-1的前端布置至少一列贯通上下的通孔1-4。当地铁车辆的头车受到撞击之后，如果仅所述活动防爬器1被损坏而所述固定防爬器2未被损坏时，可以通过拉动穿入通孔1-4的绳索将所述活动防爬器1拆出，从而更换该元件。
图6是本发明使用的蜂窝示意图。蜂窝优选材料为铝。所述吸能蜂窝3可完全由固定防爬器2的后端面封闭在所述固定防爬器2的容纳腔内，并且所述固定防爬器2的前端则从所述容纳腔伸出。
图7是本发明固定防爬器的立体结构示意图。所述固定防爬器2包括左防撞箱体2-1、右防撞箱体2-2、容纳腔后端梁2-3、容纳腔上盖板2-4、容纳腔下盖板2-5和两个滑槽固定座2-6。所述容纳腔后端梁2-3、所述左防撞箱体2-1和所述右防撞箱体2-2的内部均设有多块沿车体纵向设置的加强筋板。所述左防撞箱体2-1和右防撞箱体2-2的相对侧壁的后部通过所述容纳腔后端梁2-3固连并且所述左防撞箱体2-1和右防撞箱体2-2左右对称。所述容纳腔下盖板2-5的左、右两端分别与左防撞箱体2-1和右防撞箱体2-2的相对侧壁的下边缘固连。所述容纳腔下盖板2-5的后端支撑所述容纳腔后端梁2-3的下端并且相互固连。所述容纳腔上盖板2-4的左、右两端分别与左防撞箱体2-1和右防撞箱体2-2的相对侧壁的上边缘焊接。所述容纳腔上盖板2-4的后端覆盖所述容纳腔后端梁2-3的上端并且相互固连。所述两个滑槽固定座2-6分别设置在所述左防撞箱体2-1和右防撞箱体2-2的横向外侧壁上。所述至少一个压溃管4的前端垂直固连于所述固定防爬器2的后端。例如，当提供 一个压溃管4时，所述压溃管4可垂直固连于所述容纳腔后端梁2-3的后端。当提供两个压溃管4时，所述两个压溃管4可分别垂直固连于所述左防撞箱体2-1和所述右防撞箱体2-2的后端。
所述固定防爬器2的左防撞箱体2-1、右防撞箱体2-2上表面可各开一个安装孔2-7，用于安装所述前端骨架9。如前所述，所述吸能蜂窝3位于所述前端骨架9前方，所述至少一个压溃管4位于所述前端骨架9的后方。
图8示出了本发明的一个示例性的滑槽组件5。所述滑槽组件5与所述左防撞箱体2-1或右防撞箱体2-2的横向外侧壁通过所述滑槽固定座2-6固连。所述滑槽组件5可包括上半模5-1、下半模5-2和多个滑槽连接螺栓5-3。所述上半模5-1可包括上半模滑槽部5-1-1和上半模对接部5-1-2。所述上半模对接部5-1-2上设有多个螺纹盲孔。所述上半模滑槽部5-1-1为倒置的直角台阶型结构。所述上半模对接部5-1-2的上表面分别与滑槽固定座2-6固连。所述下半模5-2包括下半模滑槽部5-2-1和下半模对接部5-2-2。所述下半模对接部5-2-2上设有多个螺纹通孔。所述下半模滑槽部5-2-1为直角台阶型结构。所述下半模对接部5-2-2与所述上半模对接部5-1-2彼此密贴。所述多个滑槽连接螺栓5-3分别穿过下半模对接部5-2-2上的多个螺纹通孔与上半模对接部5-1-2上的多个螺纹盲孔螺纹连接。所述下半模滑槽部5-2-1的倒置的台阶型结构与所述上半模滑槽部5-1-1的台阶型结构组合形成一个完整的滑槽结构。所述导向滑轨6的凸台轨面能够从水平方向嵌入所述滑槽结构的内部，形成滑动连接。
所述导向滑轨6凸台厚度由前向后逐渐变小，形成楔形轨道。所述滑槽组件5由前向后滑入导向滑轨6的过程中，彼此之间的间隙越来越大，从而减小滑动摩擦阻力，利于滑动。
所述固连的方式可以是焊接方式。
图9是本发明吸能装置结构撞击之后的动作示意图。A示出碰撞开 始之前所述活动防爬器1和所述固定防爬器2的位置。B示出碰撞过程中一级吸能元件蜂窝3先完成吸能时所述活动防爬器1和所述固定防爬器2的位置。此时，所述活动防爬器1的前端和所述固定防爬器2的前端平齐。C示出二级吸能元件压溃管4完成吸能时所述活动防爬器1和所述固定防爬器2的位置。此时，所述固定防爬器2连带着所述活动防爬器1沿着滑槽组件5一起后退直至压溃管4被压缩至大程度。所述活动防爬器1、固定防爬器2、吸能蜂窝3和压溃管4的抗撞击强度顺序为：固定防爬器2＞活动防爬器1＞压溃管4＞吸能蜂窝3。因此，在碰撞发生时，元件吸能或破坏顺序为吸能蜂窝3，压溃管4，活动防爬器1，固定防爬器2。所述压溃管4的触发力可以至少为所述吸能蜂窝3触发力的1.3倍，所述压溃管4最大吸收的能量可以至少为吸能蜂窝3最大吸收能量的5倍。
具体应用本发明的地铁车辆的吸能装置时，两个导向滑轨6的后端以及两个压溃管4的后端可分别与车体的底架固连，并将吸能蜂窝3以其内部蜂窝状内腔均朝向车体的纵向方向的姿态插入到固定防爬器2的容纳腔中。此后，将活动防爬器1的后端也插入固定防爬器2的容纳腔中，如此，所述吸能蜂窝3被完全封闭在固定防爬器2的容纳腔中。最后，分别通过两个活动防爬器长螺栓7使所述活动防爬器1与所述固定防爬器2可活动地连接，即完成了本发明的地铁车辆的吸能装置安装。本发明的所述活动防爬器1、所述固定防爬器2均优选A588型高强度低合金碳钢板材。所述吸能蜂窝3优选中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司提供的5A05型防锈合金。所述压溃管优选中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司提供的S550MC型结构钢。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种用于地铁车辆的吸能装置，包括：
    活动防爬器，
    固定防爬器，
    吸能蜂窝，
    至少一个压溃管，
    两个滑槽组件，和
    两个导向滑轨，
    其中，所述固定防爬器的中段设有前端开口的容纳腔，所述吸能蜂窝被嵌入所述容纳腔，所述活动防爬器的后端与所述固定防爬器的前端通过两个活动防爬器长螺栓相连接，且所述活动防爬器的后端面使得所述吸能蜂窝被卡在所述固定防爬器的容纳腔内；所述至少一个压溃管垂直固连于所述固定防爬器的后端；所述两个滑槽组件对称地固连于所述固定防爬器左、右两端的外侧壁上；所述两个导向滑轨平行布置于所述固定防爬器的左、右两端，且每个导向滑轨均与一个对应的滑槽组件滑动连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述活动防爬器包括三个平板、两个侧立板、和一个中立板，其中所述三个平板相互平行设置构成一个平板组，所述平板组的左、右两端均与一个对应的侧立板固连；所述三个平板的中部均设有矩形通槽，所述中立板顺次穿过所述三个平板各自的矩形通槽并与所述三个平板均固连。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述三个平板的前端设置有至少一列贯通的通孔。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述固定防爬器包括：
    左防撞箱体，
    右防撞箱体，
    位于所述左防撞箱体和右防撞箱体之间且用于固连所述左防撞箱体和右防撞箱体的相对侧壁的后部的容纳腔后端梁，
    容纳腔上盖板，
    容纳腔下盖板，和
    两个滑槽固定座；
    所述容纳腔后端梁、所述左防撞箱体和所述右防撞箱体的内部均设有多块沿车体纵向设置的加强筋板；所述左防撞箱体和右防撞箱体左右对称设置；所述容纳腔下盖板的左、右两端分别与所述左侧固定防爬器防撞箱体和所述右侧固定防爬器防撞箱体的相对侧壁的下边缘焊接，所述容纳腔下盖板的后端支撑所述容纳腔后端梁的下端，且与所述容纳腔后端梁的下端固连；所述容纳腔上盖板的左、右两端分别与所述左防撞箱体和所述右防撞箱体的相对侧壁的上边缘焊接，所述容纳腔上盖板的后端覆盖所述容纳腔后端梁的上端，且与所述容纳腔后端梁的上端固连；所述至少一个压溃管的前端垂直固连于所述固定防爬器的后端。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述左防撞箱体和所述右防撞箱体的上表面各设置有一个安装孔，用于安装所述地铁车辆的头车的前端骨架，所述吸能蜂窝位于所述前端骨架的前方，所述至少一个压溃管位于所述前端骨架的后方，所述两个导向滑轨与所述地铁车辆的头车的车体底架固连。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述活动防爬器的一部分插入所述容纳腔且所述活动防爬器的前端从所述容 纳腔伸出，使得所述吸能蜂窝通过所述活动防爬器的后端面被完全封闭在所述固定防爬器的所述容纳腔内。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述活动防爬器，所述吸能蜂窝，所述固定防爬器，和所述至少一个压溃管的抗撞击强度按如下顺序依次减弱：所述固定防爬器，所述活动防爬器，所述至少一个压溃管，所述吸能蜂窝。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述两个滑槽组件的每个均包括：
    上半模，
    下半模，和
    多个滑槽连接螺栓，
    所述上半模包括上半模滑槽部和上半模对接部，所述上半模对接部上设有多个螺纹盲孔，所述上半模滑槽部为倒置的直角台阶型结构，所述上半模与所述左防撞箱体或所述右防撞箱体的横向外侧壁固连；所述上半模的上表面与设置在所述左防撞箱体或所述右防撞箱体的横向外侧壁上的滑槽固定座固连；所述下半模包括下半模滑槽部和下半模对接部，所述下半模对接部上设有多个螺纹通孔，所述下半模滑槽部为直角台阶结构；所述上半模对接部与所述下半模对接部彼此密贴，所述多个滑槽连接螺栓分别穿过所述下半模对接部上的多个螺纹通孔与所述上半模对接部上设置的多个螺纹盲孔固接；所述上半模滑槽部的倒置的直角台阶结构和所述下半模滑槽部的直角台阶型结构组合形成完整的滑槽；所述两个导向滑轨的凸台轨面对应地从水平方向分别嵌入所述两个滑槽组件，从而使得所述固定防爬器可沿所述两个导向滑轨滑动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述两个导向 滑轨的每个的凸台厚度由前向后逐渐缩小形成楔形轨道，当所述滑槽组件由前向后滑入所述导向滑轨时，所述滑槽组件与所述导向滑轨之间的间隙逐渐增大。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的地铁车辆的吸能装置，其中，所述至少一个压溃管的触发力至少为所述吸能蜂窝的触发力的1.3倍，所述至少一个压溃管最大吸收的能量至少为所述吸能蜂窝的最大吸收能量的5倍。
  11. 一种安装如权利要求6中所述地铁车辆的吸能装置的方法，其中，
    步骤1，所述两个导向滑轨的后端以及所述至少一个压溃管的后端分别与车体的底架固连，
    步骤2，将所述吸能蜂窝以其内部蜂窝状内腔均朝向车体的纵向方向的姿态插入固定防爬器的容纳腔，
    步骤3，将所述活动防爬器的后端插入所述固定防爬器的容纳腔，所述活动防爬器的前端从所述容纳腔伸出，
    步骤4，分别通过两个活动防爬器长螺栓使所述活动防爬器与所述固定防爬器可活动地连接。
PCT/CN2018/115153 2017-11-14 2018-11-13 地铁车辆的吸能装置 Ceased WO2019096109A1 (zh)

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