WO2019093121A1 - ペースト組成物、半導体装置及び電気・電子部品 - Google Patents
ペースト組成物、半導体装置及び電気・電子部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019093121A1 WO2019093121A1 PCT/JP2018/039347 JP2018039347W WO2019093121A1 WO 2019093121 A1 WO2019093121 A1 WO 2019093121A1 JP 2018039347 W JP2018039347 W JP 2018039347W WO 2019093121 A1 WO2019093121 A1 WO 2019093121A1
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- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
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- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
- C09J5/06—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving heating of the applied adhesive
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/858—Means for heat extraction or cooling
- H10H20/8581—Means for heat extraction or cooling characterised by their material
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
- B22F2007/042—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method
- B22F2007/047—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal characterised by the layer forming method non-pressurised baking of the paste or slurry containing metal powder
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/10—Copper
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/30—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with decomposition of metal compounds, e.g. by pyrolysis
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- C08K2003/085—Copper
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- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/326—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bonding electronic components such as wafers, chips or semiconductors
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a paste composition and a semiconductor device and an electric / electronic component using the paste composition.
- a method is employed in which a heat spreader is adhered to the semiconductor element itself or a die pad portion of a lead frame to which the semiconductor element is adhered. Furthermore, a method of providing a function as a heat sink by exposing the die pad portion to the package surface is also adopted (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- semiconductor products may be bonded to an organic substrate having a heat dissipation mechanism such as a thermal via or the like.
- a heat dissipation mechanism such as a thermal via or the like.
- high thermal conductivity is required of the material for bonding the semiconductor element.
- white light emitting LEDs they are widely used in illumination devices such as backlight illumination of full color liquid crystal screens, ceiling lights, and down lights. By the way, the increase in brightness of the white light emitting LED causes an increase in the amount of heat generation of the light emitting element chip.
- the improvement of heat dissipation is required also for the structure of the LED and the members used therefor.
- nano-sized metal fine particles are expected as conductive materials, and their studies are being advanced. Specifically, means for providing smaller nanosized copper microparticles are being considered.
- a method of producing copper fine particles a method of producing copper fine powder by thermally decomposing a copper oxalate hydrazine complex is known (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
- the paste composition of the present disclosure comprises (A) copper microparticles coated with an amino alcohol having a thickness or short diameter of 10 to 500 nm and represented by the following chemical formula (1), and (B) an organic solvent: And the organic solvent (B) is blended in an amount of 2 to 20 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) copper fine particles.
- R 1 may be the same or different, and independently of each other represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group or a methoxy group, and n and m each represent 0 to 10) Represents an integer, and m + n is 10 or less.
- FIG. It is an electron micrograph of the copper particulates obtained by the reference example 1.
- FIG. It is an electron micrograph of the copper particulates obtained in the reference example 2. It is an electron micrograph of the copper particulates obtained in the reference example 3.
- 7 is an electron micrograph of copper microparticles obtained in Reference Example 4;
- the paste composition of the present embodiment includes (A) copper microparticles having a thickness or short diameter of 10 to 500 nm and coated with an amino alcohol of a predetermined structure, and (B) an organic solvent.
- the (A) copper fine particles have a thickness or short diameter of 10 to 500 nm, and are coated with the amino alcohol represented by the chemical formula (1).
- Such copper particles can be produced, for example, as follows.
- coating means that the said amino alcohol adheres to all or one part of the surface of copper particulates.
- the copper fine particles used in this embodiment are prepared by mixing the copper-containing compound, the amino alcohol, and the reducing compound in an organic solvent, and heating the mixture obtained by the mixing to a temperature at which the copper-containing compound is thermally decomposed. It can be obtained by heating to produce copper fine particles.
- the copper particles obtained by this production method are coated with an amino alcohol on the surface, and the surface is coated with the amino alcohol, whereby the oxidation is reduced and copper particles having predetermined properties and properties are obtained.
- the copper-containing compound used here is a material for depositing metallic copper to form fine copper particles.
- the copper-containing compound is decomposed by heating to release copper ions.
- the copper ion may be reduced to a metal-containing copper-containing compound.
- the copper-containing compound may be decomposed by heating to release copper ions and organic ions derived from the copper-containing compound.
- a copper-containing compound for example, a carboxylic acid copper in which a carboxylic acid such as formic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, benzoic acid or phthalic acid and copper are combined can be mentioned. Further, as the copper-containing compound, copper suboxide, copper nitrate, copper sulfate and the like can also be mentioned.
- the amino alcohol used here is an alcohol having an amino group represented by the following chemical formula (1).
- R 1 may be the same or different, and independently of each other represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group or a methoxy group, and n and m each represent 0 to 10) Represents an integer, and m + n is 10 or less.
- aminoethanol, heptaminol, propanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-aminodibutanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 3-diethylamino-1,2-propanediol, 3-dimethylamino-1 examples thereof include 2-propanediol, 3-methylamino-1,2-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol and the like. These may have a boiling point of 70 to 300 ° C. from the viewpoint of sinterability. Further, from the viewpoint of workability, the amino alcohol may be liquid at normal temperature.
- the reducing compound used here is not particularly limited as long as it has a reducing power to reduce copper ions generated by the decomposition of the copper-containing compound and release metallic copper.
- the boiling point of the reducing compound may be 70 ° C. or more.
- the boiling point of the reducing compound may be equal to or higher than the heating temperature in the heating step.
- the reducing compound may be a compound which is dissolved in an organic solvent (B) described later which is composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- Such reducing compounds typically include hydrazine derivatives.
- this hydrazine derivative include hydrazine monohydrate, methylhydrazine, ethylhydrazine, n-propylhydrazine, i-propylhydrazine, n-butylhydrazine, i-butylhydrazine, sec-butylhydrazine, t-butylhydrazine, n-pentylhydrazine, i-pentylhydrazine, neo-pentylhydrazine, t-pentylhydrazine, n-hexylhydrazine, i-hexylhydrazine, n-heptylhydrazine, n-octylhydrazine, n-nonylhydrazine, n-decylhydrazine, n-undecylhydrazine, n-d
- the above-mentioned copper-containing compound, amino alcohol and reducing compound may be mixed in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent used here can be used without particular limitation as long as it can be used as a reaction solvent which does not inhibit the properties of the complex and the like generated from the mixture obtained by the above mixing.
- the organic solvent may be an alcohol which is compatible with the above-described reducing compound.
- the reduction reaction of copper ions by the reducing compound since the reduction reaction of copper ions by the reducing compound is an exothermic reaction, it may be an organic solvent which does not volatilize during the reduction reaction. If the organic solvent volatilizes, it becomes difficult to control the formation of copper ions by the decomposition of the copper-containing compound-amine compound complex and the precipitation of metallic copper by the reduction of the formed copper ions, and there is a possibility that the stability of the shape may be reduced. is there. Therefore, the organic solvent has a boiling point of 70 ° C. or higher, and may be composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. When the boiling point of the organic solvent is 70 ° C. or more, the formation of copper ions by the decomposition of the copper-containing compound-alcoholamine compound complex and the control of the deposition of metallic copper by the reduction of the formed copper ions become easy, become stable.
- alcohol used as an organic solvent 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, butyl carbitol, Examples include butyl carbitol acetate, ethyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, butyl cellosolve and the like.
- the above-mentioned amino alcohol and reducing compound are not included in this organic solvent.
- ⁇ Other amine compounds When manufacturing the copper particulates used in this embodiment, you may add other amine compounds further.
- Other amine compounds include compounds containing at least one selected from the following alkylamines and alkoxyamines. The amine compound is not particularly limited as long as it forms a complex with the copper-containing compound.
- These amine compounds can be suitably selected and used according to the conditions of the thermal decomposition of the copper-containing compound to be used, the characteristic etc. which are anticipated from the copper particulates manufactured. These amine compounds adhere to the surface of copper particles obtained by thermal decomposition of a copper-containing compound, and have a function of reducing the oxidation of the copper particles.
- the structure of the alkylamine is not particularly limited as long as it is an amine compound in which an aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group is bonded to an amino group.
- an alkyl monoamine having one amino group or an alkyl diamine having two amino groups can be mentioned.
- the above alkyl group may further have a substituent.
- alkyl monoamines dipropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, dodecylamine, oleylamine etc. It can be mentioned.
- alkyldiamine ethylenediamine, N, N-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N'-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N-diethylethylenediamine, N, N'-diethylethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 2,2-dimethyl- 1,3-propanediamine, N, N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N, N′-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N, N-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4 -Diaminobutane, 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, N, N'-dimethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane and the like , Is mentioned.
- the alkylamine does not include
- the alkoxyamine is not particularly limited in its structure as long as it is an amine compound having an alkoxyl group, and examples thereof include an alkoxy monoamine having one amino group or an alkoxy diamine having two amino groups.
- examples of the alkoxy monoamine include methoxyethylamine, 2-ethoxyethylamine, 3-butoxypropylamine and the like
- examples of the alkoxydiamine include N-methoxy-1,3-propanediamine and N-methoxy-1,4- A butane diamine etc. are mentioned.
- the alkoxyamine may be an alkoxymonoamine such as a primary amine (R 2 ONH 2 ) or a secondary amine (R 3 (R 4 O) NH), in consideration of the coordination power to copper formed by reduction.
- the substituent R 2 of the primary amine described in the above alkylamine and alkoxyamine represents an alkyl group and may be an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the substituents R 3 and R 4 of the secondary amine each represent an alkyl group, and both of them may be an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the substituents R 3 and R 4 may be identical or different.
- these alkyl groups may have a substituent such as silyl group or glycidyl group.
- the boiling point of the amine compound may be 70 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, and may be 120 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- the boiling point of the amine compound is 70 ° C. or more, the volatilization of the amine in the heating step is reduced. If the boiling point of the amine compound is 200 ° C. or less, the amine compound volatilizes at the time of sintering the copper fine particles and is removed out of the system, so the low-temperature sinterability is improved.
- Copper fine particles can be produced as follows using the above-described copper-containing compound, amino alcohol, reducing compound, and, if necessary, an organic solvent and an amine compound added.
- an organic solvent is contained in a reaction vessel, and the above-described copper-containing compound, amino alcohol, reducing compound and, if necessary, an organic solvent are contained in the organic solvent.
- the order of this mixing may mix the said compound in what kind of order.
- the copper-containing compound and the reducing compound may be introduced multiple times into the reaction solution at predetermined time intervals. In this manner, copper microparticles having a desired shape or particle size can be produced by reacting the copper-containing compound with the amino alcohol multiple times.
- the copper-containing compound and the amino alcohol may be mixed first and mixed at 0 to 50 ° C. for about 5 to 30 minutes, and then the reducing compound may be added and mixed. By doing so, the mixture is efficiently formed as a complex of a copper-containing compound and an amino alcohol.
- the amount of each compound used may be 0.5 to 10 mol of amino alcohol and 0.5 to 5 mol of reducing compound, relative to 1 mol of the copper-containing compound.
- the amount of the organic solvent used may be any amount that allows each component to react sufficiently, and may be, for example, about 50 to 2000 mL.
- the mixture obtained above is sufficiently heated to allow the thermal decomposition reaction of the copper-containing compound to proceed.
- the copper-containing compound forming a complex is decomposed into the organic ion derived from the copper-containing compound and the copper ion.
- the decomposed copper ions are reduced by the reducing compound, and metallic copper precipitates and grows into copper fine particles.
- the metal ion derived from the copper-containing compound at the same time as the metal copper precipitates tends to be coordinated to the specific crystal plane of the metal copper that has been precipitated.
- the growth direction of the copper particulates to be generated can be controlled, and it is possible to efficiently obtain polyhedral-shaped or plate-shaped copper particulates.
- the amine compound mentioned later adheres to the surface of copper particulates, and has the effect
- the heating temperature of this mixture is a temperature at which the copper-containing compound can be thermally decomposed and reduced to form polyhedral-shaped or plate-shaped copper microparticles.
- the heating temperature may be 70 ° C. to 150 ° C., and may be 80 ° C. to 120 ° C.
- the heating temperature is preferably lower than the boiling point of the raw material component and the organic solvent.
- heating temperature is 70 ° C. or higher, quantitative thermal decomposition of the copper-containing compound proceeds. If the heating temperature is 150 ° C. or less, the amount of volatilization of the amine is reduced, and thermal decomposition proceeds stably.
- the precipitated copper particles are separated from the organic solvent or the like by centrifugation or the like.
- the precipitated copper fine particles may be dried under reduced pressure on the solid matter thereof.
- the copper microparticles of the present embodiment can be obtained by such an operation.
- the complex formed from the copper-containing compound and the reducing agent is thermally decomposed in the amino alcohol to form a state in which the amino alcohol forms a coordinate bond to the copper atom generated. . It is speculated that aggregation of these copper atoms results in formation of copper fine particles coated with an amino alcohol and an organic ion species derived from a copper-containing compound. Therefore, the shape and size of any copper particulate can be obtained by appropriately selecting the type of copper-containing compound, amino alcohol, reducing agent, and reaction temperature.
- the amine compound adheres to the surface of the copper fine particles generated by the above thermal decomposition, thereby reducing oxidation and copper metal Growth direction is controlled.
- the growth direction of the metallic copper it is possible to obtain copper fine particles having a specific shape such as a polyhedral shape or a plate shape.
- the plate shape means particles having a uniform thickness, and the long side in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction is three or more times the thickness.
- the polyhedral shape is similar to the above-mentioned plate shape, but refers to particles whose long side in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction is less than 3 times the thickness.
- the copper particles obtained by the above-described method for producing copper particles can be fired at a low temperature.
- the conductive paste using this does not require a reducing atmosphere at the time of firing. Therefore, even if it bakes at low temperature, resistance reduction is possible for the copper particulates of this embodiment.
- the amount of outgas that may cause voids is small, a fine sintered film can be obtained.
- the shape of the obtained copper fine particles can be confirmed by observation with a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., trade name: JSM-7600F; SEM).
- an average value is an arithmetic average value, and it is good also as ten or more copper microparticles
- the activity of the copper fine particle surface becomes low, and it becomes difficult to sinter so that the ratio of the copper oxide with respect to the whole copper is large.
- the proportion of copper oxide can be expressed by the degree of oxidation determined by the following formula (I). The smaller the degree of oxidation, the better, and it may be less than 3%. When it is less than 3%, a sinterability is good, and a paste composition with low resistance is obtained.
- [Cu] is the content (mass%) of copper (Cu) in the copper fine particles
- [CuO] is the content (mass%) of copper (II) oxide in the copper fine particles
- [Cu 2 O] is It represents the content (mass%) of copper oxide (I) in the copper fine particles.
- this oxidation degree is computable from content of each component measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD).
- the content of each component can be obtained by quantification by the RIR (reference intensity ratio) method from the integrated intensity ratio of the strongest line peak of each component of the above Cu, CuO, and Cu 2 O obtained by XRD.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment uses copper microparticles (A) having a thickness or short diameter of 10 to 500 nm and coated with an amino alcohol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, which are obtained by the above-mentioned production method.
- a well-known organic solvent can be used as (B) organic solvent of this embodiment.
- this (B) organic solvent alcohol (hydroxy compound) which functions as a reducing agent is mentioned.
- Such (B) organic solvents increase their reducing power by becoming high temperature by heat treatment at the time of paste hardening (sintering). For this reason, since the paste composition can obtain a dense sintered structure, it has high conductivity and high adhesion to a substrate such as a lead frame. This mechanism is presumed as follows. Since the bonding portion is sandwiched between the semiconductor element and the substrate, the organic solvent is partially refluxed by heating at the time of sintering. For this reason, the organic solvent does not volatilize immediately, and temporarily stays at the bonding site.
- the copper oxide partially present in the copper particles of the paste composition and the metal oxide (for example, copper oxide) present on the substrate surface to be joined are an organic solvent (for example, an alcohol functioning as a reducing agent) Is reduced to a metal (eg, copper). Thereafter, the copper particles sinter with the reduced metal (eg, copper). As a result, the paste composition at the bonding portion forms a metal bond having high conductivity and high adhesion to the substrate.
- an organic solvent for example, an alcohol functioning as a reducing agent
- the boiling point of the organic solvent (B) may be 100 to 300 ° C., and may be 150 to 290 ° C.
- the boiling point is 100 ° C. or more, stable adhesive strength can be obtained without reduction in the reduction ability due to the volatilization of the dispersion medium.
- the boiling point is 300 ° C. or less, good sinterability can be obtained without the solvent remaining in the film without volatilizing.
- organic solvent (B) examples include 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-propanediol.
- Propanediol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, ethyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, butyl cellosolve and the like can be mentioned. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the organic solvent (B) may be 2 to 20 parts by mass, or 5 to 15 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) copper fine particles. By being in this range, a paste composition having good workability can be obtained.
- the paste composition of this embodiment may mix (C) carboxylic acid and (D) thermosetting resins, such as an epoxy compound, a phenol compound, an acryl compound, a maleimide compound, according to a use.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment may be mixed with a curing agent, a curing accelerator, a dispersing agent, a metal powder such as Cu, Ag, Al, Ni, or a metal oxide powder such as silica or alumina, as necessary. Good.
- any of aliphatic carboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, and the anhydride of these carboxylic acids may be sufficient.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment not only removes the oxide film on the bonding substrate by blending the carboxylic acid, but also the (A) copper fine particles by the ligand (protective group) exchange reaction at the time of bonding heating. The covering layer, the oxide film contained therein, and copper oxide are removed.
- the carboxylic acid decomposes or evaporates at the time of bonding heating, it does not interfere with the subsequent progress of sintering between coppers.
- sintering between coppers is promoted at a lower temperature than before the addition.
- the decomposition temperature of the carboxylic acid (C) may be 100 to 300 ° C., or may be 150 to 290 ° C. When the decomposition temperature of (C) carboxylic acid is in this range, it is effective for removing the oxide film of the bonded substrate. When the decomposition temperature of the carboxylic acid (C) is 100 ° C. or higher, the sinterability is improved by the reducing action of the carboxylic acid, and a fine sintered film can be obtained. Further, when the decomposition temperature of (C) carboxylic acid is 300 ° C. or less, the dispersion medium does not remain in the bonding member after sintering.
- aliphatic carboxylic acids include malonic acid, methylmalonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, ethylmalonic acid, allylmalonic acid, 2,2'-thiodiacetic acid, 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, 2,2'- (Ethylene dithio) diacetic acid, 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid, 2-ethyl 2-hydroxybutyric acid, dithiodiglycolic acid, diglycolic acid, acetylene dicarboxylic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, 2-isopropyl malic acid Tartaric acid, itaconic acid, 1,3- Acetonedicarboxylic acid, tricarbamic acid, muconic acid, ⁇ -hydromuconic acid, succinic acid, methylsuccinic acid, dimethylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, ⁇ -ketoglutaric acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, 3-methylglutaric acid, 2, 2- Dimethyl gluta
- aromatic carboxylic acids include benzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5- Dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy acid Benzoic acid, 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 2- [bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl] benzoic acid, 1- Naphthoic acid, 2-naphthoic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 6- Dorokishi 2-naphthoic acid,
- succinic acid, malic acid, itaconic acid, 2,2-bis (hydroxymethyl) propionic acid, adipic acid, 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid from the viewpoint of storage stability or availability.
- the (C) carboxylic acid may be a carboxylic acid anhydride.
- the carboxylic acid anhydride since the carboxylic acid anhydride has a high ability to coordinate to the surface of the copper fine particle, it is substituted with a protective group on the surface of the copper fine particle, and the carboxylic acid anhydride is coordinated to the surface of the copper fine particle.
- the fine copper particles in which the carboxylic acid anhydride is coordinated to the surface exhibit good dispersibility, and the carboxylic acid anhydride is excellent in volatility so that it exhibits good low temperature sinterability.
- the content of the (C) carboxylic acid is 0 to 5 parts by mass, and may be 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (A). When the content is 5 parts by mass or less, a highly reliable paste composition without void formation can be obtained.
- thermosetting resin (D) any thermosetting resin generally used for adhesive applications can be used without particular limitation.
- the thermosetting resin may be a liquid resin, and a resin which is liquid at room temperature (25 ° C.) can be used.
- this (D) thermosetting resin an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an acrylic resin of radical polymerization property, maleimide resin etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment becomes an adhesive material having an appropriate viscosity by including the (D) thermosetting resin.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment includes the (D) thermosetting resin, so that the temperature of the resin composition is increased by the reaction heat at the time of curing thereof, thereby promoting the sinterability of the copper fine particles.
- the compounding amount of the (D) thermosetting resin is 0 to 10 parts by mass, and may be 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) copper fine particles.
- the paste composition obtained that the compounding quantity of (D) component is 10 mass parts or less expresses favorable thermal conductivity, and is excellent in heat dissipation. Furthermore, since the obtained paste composition is less deteriorated due to the effects of light and heat, it can be used as a bonding material for a long-lived light emitting device.
- the paste composition of this embodiment has (A) copper microparticles coated with an amino alcohol having a thickness or short diameter of 10 to 500 nm and represented by the chemical formula (1), and (B) And an organic solvent.
- the method for producing the paste composition of the present embodiment after mixing (C) carboxylic acid, (D) thermosetting resin, and other components added as necessary, the mixture is further dispersed, kneader Kneading treatment using a three-roll mill, a planetary mixer, etc. Next, the obtained resin composition is degassed to obtain a paste composition.
- paste compositions also include those with low viscosity such as slurries and inks.
- the viscosity of the paste composition of the present embodiment is, for example, 40 to 300 Pa ⁇ s, and may be 60 to 200 Pa ⁇ s.
- the semiconductor device of the present embodiment is formed by adhering a semiconductor element on a substrate serving as an element support member, using the above-described paste composition. That is, the paste composition is used here as a die attach paste.
- the semiconductor element used here may be a known semiconductor element, and examples thereof include a transistor, a diode and the like. Further, the semiconductor device also includes a light emitting device such as an LED. Further, the type of the light emitting element is not particularly limited. For example, a light emitting layer in which a nitride semiconductor such as InN, AIN, GaN, InGaN, AIGaN, or InGaAIN is formed as a light emitting layer on a substrate by MOCVD method etc. Be
- the element support member a support member formed of a material such as copper, silver-plated copper, PPF (precoating lead frame), glass epoxy, ceramics, etc. may be mentioned.
- the semiconductor device using the paste composition of the present embodiment has an advantage that the electric resistance value is sufficiently small and the change with time is small, so that the decrease in output with time is small even with long-time driving and the life is long.
- the electric / electronic component of the present embodiment is formed by bonding the heat generating member and the heat radiating member via the above-described paste composition. That is, here, the paste composition is used as a heat radiation member bonding material.
- the heat generating member the above-described semiconductor element or a member having the semiconductor element may be used, or any other heat generating member may be used.
- heat generating members other than semiconductor elements include optical pickups and power transistors.
- a heat dissipation member a heat sink, a heat spreader, etc. are mentioned.
- the electric / electronic component in which the heat radiating member is adhered to the heat generating member using the above-described paste composition can efficiently release the heat generated by the heat generating member to the outside by the heat radiating member.
- the temperature rise can be suppressed.
- the heat-generating member and the heat-radiating member may be bonded directly via the paste composition, or may be bonded indirectly by sandwiching another member having a high thermal conductivity.
- the substrate used as the substrate having the conductive pattern is not particularly limited.
- an organic substrate, a ceramic substrate, a glass substrate or the like can be used.
- the substrate used may be a film made of polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN).
- a paste composition containing copper particles is used as a forming material of the conductive wiring.
- the paste composition can reduce resistance at 150 ° C. For this reason, a conductive pattern is directly drawn by application on the substrate on which the above-mentioned paste composition is to be formed into a desired shape by coating, and this is heated to draw the paste composition on the substrate.
- a conductive pattern can be formed by fusing the copper particles.
- the manufacturing process of an electronic circuit or electronic device to which a subtractive process by photolithography, a vacuum process such as sputtering, or a wet process such as etching, plating is applied It can be replaced by printing under atmospheric pressure.
- the method of manufacturing the electronic circuit can save resources and increase productivity.
- Reference Example 2 The same substrate as Reference Example 1 was obtained except that 1-amino-2-propanol of Reference Example 1 was replaced with 4-amino-1-butanol (30 mmol) and octylamine (30 mmol) was further added, and a solid was obtained by operation. The The centrifuged solid was dried under reduced pressure to obtain copper lustrous powdery copper fine particles 2 (yield 0.62 g, 94.5%). The fine copper particles 2 were coated with 4-amino-1-butanol on the surface.
- the copper fine particles of Reference Examples 1 to 4 obtained were observed with a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., trade name: JSM-7600F; SEM), and the particle diameter and the particle shape were evaluated by observation.
- the electron micrographs of these copper microparticles are shown in FIGS. Further, the degree of oxidation, the amount of outgas, and the yield of each of the copper fine particles were also examined as follows. The above characteristics are summarized in Table 1.
- the degree of oxidation of the copper fine particles is determined by XIR analysis (XIR), and the content is quantified by the RIR (reference intensity ratio) method from the integrated intensity ratio of the strongest line peak of each component of Cu, CuO, Cu2O.
- XIR XIR analysis
- RIR reference intensity ratio
- [Cu] is the content (mass%) of copper (Cu) in the copper fine particles
- [CuO] is the content (mass%) of copper (II) oxide in the copper fine particles
- [Cu2O] It represents the content (mass%) of copper oxide (I) in the copper fine particles.
- Particle shape The particle shape of the copper fine particles was observed with a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., trade name: JSM-7600F; SEM).
- the outgassing amount of copper fine particles is measured by using a dry powder of the obtained copper fine particles, by differential thermal-thermal weight simultaneous measurement (TG-DTA) from 40 to 500 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min.
- the amount of decrease in mass before and after was defined as the amount of outgassing (%).
- Examples 1 to 4 Comparative Example 1
- the paste composition was prepared by mixing each component according to the composition (parts by mass) in Table 2 and kneading with a roll.
- the obtained paste composition was evaluated by the following method. The evaluation results are shown together in Table 2.
- the materials used in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 were commercial products other than copper fine particles.
- (B) Organic solvent] (B1): Diethylene glycol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) [(C) carboxylic acid] (C1): glutaric anhydride (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) [(D) thermosetting resin] (D1): Bisphenol A type epoxy resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name: jER 828) Cure accelerating initiator: imidazole (manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name: 2E4MZ)
- Thermal conductivity was measured by a laser flash method according to JIS R 1611-1997, for the paste composition cured at 175 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the test piece apply
- the electrical resistance was measured for the cured paste composition by a four-terminal method using a high-precision high-performance resistivity meter “MCP-T600” (product name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation).
- the test piece mounts a back surface gold chip provided with a gold deposition layer on a 4 mm ⁇ 4 mm bonding surface, using a paste composition on a solid copper frame and PPF (Ni-Pd / Au plated copper frame), It was cured at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- the test piece in which the chip was mounted on a frame was subjected to moisture absorption treatment under conditions of 85 ° C., relative humidity 85%, and 72 hours.
- the hot bonding strength of the paste composition was determined by measuring the hot die shear strength between the chip and the frame at 260 ° C. using a mount strength measuring device.
- the test piece is mounted on PPF (Ni-Pd / Au-plated copper frame) using a paste composition for semiconductor with a back surface gold chip provided with a gold deposition layer on the bonding surface of 4 mm ⁇ 4 mm at 200 ° C. It hardened in 60 minutes and joined.
- the heat bond strength after heat treatment at a high temperature of the paste composition was measured by heat treatment at 250 ° C. for 100 hours and 1000 hours, and then the heat shear strength at 260 ° C. was measured using a mount strength measuring device.
- the hot bond strength after high temperature heat treatment by the thermal cycle treatment of the paste composition is raised from -40 ° C to 250 ° C and cooled to -40 ° C as one cycle, and this is 100 cycles and 1000 cycles After that, using a mount strength measuring device, the hot die shear strength at 260 ° C. was measured.
- the test piece mounted the back surface gold silicon chip which provided the gold vapor deposition layer in the joint surface of 6 mm x 6 mm using the paste composition to the copper frame and PPF.
- the paste curing conditions are heat curing at 200 ° C. for 60 seconds (HP curing) or oven on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes (OV curing) was performed.
- the silicon chip mounted on the frame was resin-sealed under the following conditions using an epoxy sealing material (trade name: KE-G3000D) manufactured by Kyocera Corporation to obtain a package.
- the thermal shock resistance test involves moisture absorption treatment of the above resin-sealed package at 85 ° C, relative humidity 85%, 168 hours, IR reflow treatment (260 ° C, 10 seconds) and thermal cycle treatment (-55 ° C to 150 ° C)
- the temperature rising to temperature and the operation of cooling to -55.degree. C. were one cycle, and this was cycled 1000), and the number of internal cracks in each package after each treatment was evaluated by observing with an ultrasonic microscope.
- the evaluation results of the thermal shock resistance indicated the number of cracked samples for five samples.
- Test piece and epoxy sealant curing condition ⁇ Package type: 80pQFP (14mm x 20mm x 2mm thickness) ⁇ Chip outline: Silicon chip and backside gold-plated chip ⁇ Lead frame: PPF and copper ⁇ Molding with epoxy sealant: 175 ° C, 2 minutes ⁇ Post mold cure: 175 ° C, 8 hours
- the paste composition containing the copper fine particles of the present disclosure is excellent in low-temperature sinterability at about 175 ° C. Furthermore, it has been found that a paste composition having a good thermal conductivity can be obtained because a good sintering state can be obtained by containing a carboxylic acid anhydride.
- the copper fine particles obtained in the examples have a particle thickness or short diameter of about 10 to 500 nm, can be sintered at low temperature, and have a small amount of outgassing. Therefore, the copper fine particles obtained in the examples can also be used as a die attach paste for element bonding, a material for bonding a heat dissipation member, and a wiring material of a conductive wiring board. By using this conductive paste, it is possible to obtain a semiconductor device, an electric / electronic device, and a substrate having a conductive pattern which can be sintered at low temperature and have excellent reliability.
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Abstract
Description
また、近年の白色発光LEDの高輝度化により、フルカラー液晶画面のバックライト照明、シーリングライト、またはダウンライト等の照明装置にも広く用いられるようになっている。ところで、白色発光LEDの高輝度化は、発光素子チップの発熱量の増大を招く。これに伴いLEDの構造及びそれに使用する部材にも放熱性の向上が求められている。
現在、銀粒子と比較して安価で、マイグレーション耐性のある銅粒子に注目が集まっている。
<ペースト組成物>
本実施形態のペースト組成物は、(A)厚さ又は短径が10から500nmであり、所定の構造のアミノアルコールによって被覆されている銅微粒子と、(B)有機溶剤と、を含む。
本実施形態において、(A)銅微粒子は、厚さ又は短径が10から500nmであり、化学式(1)で表されるアミノアルコールによって被覆されたものである。このような銅微粒子は、例えば、以下のようにして製造することができる。なお、本明細書において被覆とは、銅微粒子の表面の全部又は一部に上記アミノアルコールが付着していることを意味する。
本実施形態に使用する銅微粒子は、含銅化合物と、アミノアルコールと、還元性化合物と、を有機溶剤中で混合し、該混合により得られた混合物を含銅化合物が熱分解する温度にまで加熱して、銅微粒子を製造することで得られる。
この製造方法により得られる銅微粒子は、アミノアルコールによって表面が被覆されたものとなり、このアミノアルコールが表面を被覆することで、酸化が低減され、所定の特性・性状を有する銅微粒子が得られる。
ここで用いる含銅化合物は、金属銅を析出させ銅微粒子とするための材料である。含銅化合物は、加熱により分解して銅イオンを放出する。この銅イオンが還元されて金属銅となる含銅化合物でもよい。また、この含銅化合物は、加熱により分解して銅イオンと含銅化合物由来の有機物イオンとを放出するものであってもよい。
ここで用いるアミノアルコールは、下記化学式(1)であらわされるアミノ基を有するアルコールである。
ここで用いる還元性化合物は、含銅化合物の分解により生じた銅イオンを還元し、金属銅を遊離させる還元力を有するものであれば、特に限定されない。さらに、還元性化合物は、その沸点が70℃以上でもよい。還元性化合物の沸点は、加熱工程における加熱温度以上であってもよい。さらに、還元性化合物は、炭素、水素及び酸素から構成される後述する(B)有機溶剤に溶解する化合物でもよい。
本実施形態において使用する銅微粒子を製造する際には、上記含銅化合物とアミノアルコールと還元性化合物とを、有機溶剤中で混合してもよい。
ここで用いられる有機溶剤は、上記混合して得られる混合物から生成する錯体等の性質を阻害しない反応溶媒として用いることができるものであれば、特に限定されずに使用できる。有機溶剤は、上記した還元性化合物に対して相溶性を示すアルコールでもよい。
有機溶剤が揮発してしまうと、含銅化合物-アミン化合物錯体の分解による銅イオンの生成及び生成した銅イオンの還元による金属銅の析出を制御しにくくなり、形状の安定性が低減するおそれがある。したがって、有機溶剤はその沸点が70℃以上であり、炭素、水素及び酸素から構成されてもよい。有機溶剤の沸点が70℃以上であると、含銅化合物-アルコールアミン化合物錯体の分解による銅イオンの生成、及び生成した銅イオンの還元による金属銅の析出の制御が容易となり、銅微粒子の形状が安定する。
なお、この有機溶剤には、上記したアミノアルコール、還元性化合物は含まれない。
本実施形態において使用する銅微粒子を製造する際には、さらにその他のアミン化合物を添加してもよい。
その他のアミン化合物としては、以下のアルキルアミン、アルコキシアミンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む化合物が挙げられる。このアミン化合物は、含銅化合物と錯体を形成するものであれば特に限定されない。
これらアミン化合物は、含銅化合物を熱分解することで得られる銅微粒子の表面に付着し、銅微粒子の酸化を低減する機能を有する。
なお、アルキルアミンには、以下に説明するアルコキシアミンは含まない。
まず、本開示の銅微粒子の製造方法は、反応容器中に有機溶剤を収容し、該有機溶剤中において、上記説明した、含銅化合物、アミノアルコール、還元性化合物及び必要に応じて有機溶剤、アミン化合物を混合する。この混合の順番は、上記化合物をどのような順番で混合しても構わない。
この混合は、所定の時間間隔をもって反応溶液に含銅化合物と還元性化合物を複数回投入してもよい。このようにして、含銅化合物とアミノアルコール類とを複数回にわたって反応させることで、所望の形状または粒径の銅微粒子を生成することができる。
次の工程では、上記で形成して得られた混合物を十分に加熱して含銅化合物の熱分解反応を進行させる。この加熱により、錯体を形成している含銅化合物は含銅化合物由来の有機物イオンと銅イオンとに分解される。分解された銅イオンは還元性化合物により還元され、金属銅が析出、成長して銅微粒子となる。
これにより、生成する銅微粒子の成長方向が制御でき、多面体形状又はプレート形状の銅微粒子を効率的に得ることも可能である。
また、後述するアミン化合物は、銅微粒子の表面に付着し、成長を制御することで粒子が粗大化するのを防ぐ作用を有している。
本実施形態の銅微粒子は、上記したように含銅化合物と還元剤から形成された錯体がアミノアルコール中で熱分解されて生成した銅原子に、アミノアルコールが配位結合を形成した状態となる。これらの銅原子が凝集することで、アミノアルコール、および含銅化合物由来の有機物イオン種に被覆された銅微粒子が形成されると推察している。
従って、使用する含銅化合物、アミノアルコール、還元剤の種類、反応温度を適宜選択することによって任意の銅微粒子の形状、及びサイズを得ることができる。
このように金属銅の成長方向が制御されると、多面体形状又はプレート形状という特異的な形状の銅微粒子を得ることができる。
このメカニズムは以下の様に推定している。
接合箇所は、半導体素子と基板に挟まれているため、焼結時の加熱により有機溶剤が一部還流状態となる。このため、有機溶剤は、直ちに揮発することなく、暫時接合箇所に留まる。このとき、ペースト組成物の銅粒子中に一部存在している酸化銅、及び接合する基板表面に存在する酸化金属(例えば、酸化銅)は、有機溶剤(例えば、還元剤として機能するアルコール)によって金属(例えば、銅)に還元される。その後、銅粒子は、還元された金属(例えば、銅)と焼結が進行する。これにより、接合箇所のペースト組成物は、導電性が高く、且つ基板との密着性の高い金属結合を形成する。
さらに本実施形態のペースト組成物は、用途に応じて、上記以外の有機溶剤を加えてもよい。
(B)有機溶剤の配合量は、(A)銅微粒子を100質量部としたとき、2~20質量部であればよく、5~15質量部でもよい。この範囲にあることで作業性の良好なペースト組成物とすることができる。
本実施形態のペースト組成物は、カルボン酸を配合することにより、接合基材の酸化被膜を除去するだけでなく、接合加熱時の配位子(保護基)交換反応による(A)銅微粒子の被覆層、及びそれに含まれる酸化被膜、酸化銅を除去する。同時に、接合加熱時にカルボン酸が分解もしくは蒸散するため、その後の銅同士の焼結進行の障害とはならない。このことにより本実施形態のペースト組成物は、添加前よりも低温で銅同士の焼結が促進される。
-2-ヒドロキシ酪酸、ジチオジグリコール酸、ジグリコール酸、アセチレンジカルボン酸、マレイン酸、リンゴ酸、2-イソプロピルリンゴ酸、酒石酸、イタコン酸、1,3-
アセトンジカルボン酸、トリカルバリン酸、ムコン酸、β-ヒドロムコン酸、コハク酸、メチルコハク酸、ジメチルコハク酸、グルタル酸、α-ケトグルタル酸、2-メチルグルタル酸、3-メチルグルタル酸、2,2-ジメチルグルタル酸、3,3-ジメチルグルタ
ル酸、2,2-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)プロピオン酸、クエン酸、アジピン酸、3-tert-ブチルアジピン酸、ピメリン酸、フェニルシュウ酸、フェニル酢酸、ニトロフェニル酢酸、フェノキシ酢酸、ニトロフェノキシ酢酸、フェニルチオ酢酸、ヒドロキシフェニル酢酸、ジヒドロキシフェニル酢酸、マンデル酸、ヒドロキシマンデル酸、ジヒドロキシマンデル酸、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸、スベリン酸、4,4’-ジチオジ酪酸、桂皮酸、ニトロ桂皮酸、ヒドロキシ桂皮酸、ジヒドロキシ桂皮酸、クマリン酸、フェニルピルビン酸、ヒドロキシフェニルピルビン酸、カフェ酸、ホモフタル酸、トリル酢酸、フェノキシプロピオン酸、ヒドロキシフェニルプロピオン酸、ベンジルオキシ酢酸、フェニル乳酸、トロパ酸、3-(フェニルスルホニル)プロピオン酸、3,3-テトラメチレングルタル酸、5-オキソアゼライン酸、アゼライン酸、フェニルコハク酸、1
,2-フェニレンジ酢酸、1,3-フェニレンジ酢酸、1,4-フェニレンジ酢酸、ベンジルマロン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、ウンデカン二酸、ジフェニル酢酸、ベンジル酸、ジシクロヘキシル酢酸、テトラデカン二酸、2,2-ジフェニルプロピオン酸、3,3-ジフェニルプロピオン酸、4,4-ビス(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)吉草酸、ピマール酸、パラストリン酸、イソピマル酸、アビエチン酸、デヒドロアビエチン酸、ネオアビエチン酸、アガト酸などが挙げられる。
-ナフトエ酸、3,5-ジヒドロキシ-2-ナフトエ酸、3,7-ジヒドロキシ-2-ナフトエ酸、2,3-ナフタレンジカルボン酸、2,6-ナフタレンジカルボン酸、2-フェ
ノキシ安息香酸、ビフェニル-4-カルボン酸、ビフェニル-2-カルボン酸、2-ベンゾイル安息香酸などが挙げられる。
(D)成分の配合量が10質量部以下であると、得られたペースト組成物は良好な熱伝導性を発現し、熱放散性に優れる。
さらに、得られたペースト組成物は光及び熱の影響による劣化が少ないため、高寿命の発光装置の接合材料に使用できる。
また、本実施形態のペースト組成物の製造方法は、必要に応じて添加される(C)カルボン酸、(D)熱硬化性樹脂、その他の成分と、を混合した後、さらにディスパース、ニーダー、3本ロールミル、プラネタリーミキサー等により混練処理を行う。
次いで、得られた樹脂組成物は脱泡することにより、ペースト組成物が得られる。
なお、本明細書において、ペースト組成物には、スラリー、インク等の粘度の低いものも包含される。本実施形態のペースト組成物の粘度は、例えば、40~300Pa・sであり、60~200Pa・sであってもよい。
本実施形態の半導体装置は、上記したペースト組成物を用いて、半導体素子を素子支持部材となる基板上に接着してなるものである。すなわち、ここでペースト組成物はダイアタッチペーストとして使用される。
この導電パターンを有する基板として使用される基板は、特に制限されない。例えば、有機基板、セラミック基板、ガラス基板などを使用することができる。なかでも、フレキシビリティの観点から、使用される基板はポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、またはポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)製のフィルムであってもよい。
上記ペースト組成物は、150℃で低抵抗化が可能である。このため、上記ペースト組成物を、配線を形成しようとする基板上に、所望の形状となるよう、直接導電パターンを塗布により描画し、これを加熱して基板上に描画したペースト組成物中の銅微粒子同士を融着させることで、導電パターンを形成することができる。
[参考例1]
クエン酸銅(5mmol)とクエン酸(3.75mmol)、ブチルセロソルブ(3ml)を50mLのサンプル瓶に入れ、アルミブロック式加熱撹拌機中、90℃で5分混合した。これに1-アミノ-2-プロパノール(60mmol)を加え、さらに5分加熱し、銅前駆体溶液とした。この溶液を室温まで冷却した後、1-プロパノール 3mLに溶解させたヒドラジノエタノール(20mmol)を、サンプル瓶の銅前駆体溶液に加え、5分撹拌した。
参考例1の1-アミノ-2-プロパノールを4-アミノ-1-ブタノール(30mmol)に置き換え、さらにオクチルアミン(30mmol)を加えた以外は参考例1と同じ基質、および操作によって固体物を得た。その遠心分離した固体物を減圧乾燥すると、銅光沢をもつ粉体状の銅微粒子2(収量 0.62g、収率 94.5%)が得られた。銅微粒子2は、4-アミノ-1-ブタノールによって、その表面が被覆されていた。
亜酸化銅(8.75mmmol)、1-プロパノール(5mL)を50mLのサンプル瓶に入れ、アルミブロック式加熱撹拌機中、90℃で5分混合した。これに4-アミノ-1-ブタノール(30mmol)、オクチルアミン(30mmol)を加え、さらに5分加熱し、銅前駆体溶液とした。この溶液を室温まで冷却した後、1-プロパノール 3mLに溶解させたヒドラジン一水和物(20mmol)を、サンプル瓶の銅前駆体溶液に加え、5分撹拌した。
室温でヒドラジン一水和物(13.2mmol)と反応媒としてのメタノール5mLを予め混合した混合溶液に、シュウ酸銅(3.33mmol)を投入して10分間撹拌し、シュウ酸銅・ヒドラジン錯体(複合化合物)を生成させた。
[酸化度]
銅微粒子の酸化度は、X線回折(XRD)により、Cu、CuO、Cu2Oの各成分の最強線ピークの積分強度比からRIR(参照強度比)法により含有量の定量を行い、次の式(I)により算出した。
銅微粒子の粒子径は、得られた固体生成物を、走査電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製、商品名:JSM-7600F;SEM)の観察画像に基づく任意に選択した10個の銅微粒子(n=10)の平均値とした。このとき、長径、短径及び厚さも同じ方法で算出できる。
銅微粒子の粒子形状は、走査電子顕微鏡(日本電子株式会社製、商品名:JSM-7600F;SEM)で観察した。
銅微粒子のアウトガス量は、得られた銅微粒子の乾粉を用いて、示差熱-熱重量同時測定(TG-DTA)により40から500℃まで、昇温速度10℃/minにて測定し、測定前後の質量減少分をアウトガス量(%)とした。
ペースト組成物は、表2の配合(質量部)に従って各成分を混合し、ロールで混練した。得られたペースト組成物は、以下の方法で評価した。評価結果は表2に併せて示す。なお、実施例1~4及び比較例1で用いた材料は、銅微粒子以外、市販品を使用した。
(A1):参考例1で得られた銅微粒子1
(A2):参考例2で得られた銅微粒子2
(A3):参考例3で得られた銅微粒子3
[その他の銅微粒子]
(CA1):参考例4で得られた銅微粒子4
(B1):ジエチレングリコール(東京化成工業(株)製)
[(C)カルボン酸]
(C1):グルタル酸無水物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)
[(D)熱硬化性樹脂]
(D1):ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(三菱化学工業(株)製、商品名:jER828)
硬化促進始剤:イミダゾール(四国化成工業(株)製、商品名:2E4MZ)
[粘度]
ペースト組成物の粘度は、E型粘度計(3°コーン)を用いて、25℃、5rpmでの値を測定した。
[ポットライフ] 25℃の恒温槽内に樹脂ペーストを放置した時の粘度が初期粘度の1.5倍以上増粘するまでの日数を測定した。
熱伝導率は、175℃×30分で硬化させたペースト組成物をJIS R 1611-1997に従い、レーザーフラッシュ法により測定した。
試験片は、ガラス基板(厚み1mm)にスクリーン印刷法によりペースト組成物を厚み200μmとなるように塗布し、175℃、200℃、225℃、60分で硬化した。電気抵抗は、硬化したペースト組成物を高精度高機能抵抗率計「MCP-T600」(製品名、三菱化学(株)製)を用いて4端子法にて測定した。
試験片は、4mm×4mmの接合面に金蒸着層を設けた裏面金チップを、ペースト組成物を用いて、無垢の銅フレーム及びPPF(Ni-Pd/Auめっきした銅フレーム)にマウントし、200℃、60分で硬化した。チップをフレームにマウントした試験片は、85℃、相対湿度85%、72時間の条件で吸湿処理した。
ペースト組成物の熱時接着強度は、マウント強度測定装置を用いて、260℃におけるチップとフレーム間の熱時ダイシェア強度を測定して求めた。
試験片は、4mm×4mmの接合面に金蒸着層を設けた裏面金チップを、半導体用ペースト組成物を用いて、PPF(Ni-Pd/Auめっきした銅フレーム)にマウントして、200℃、60分で硬化して、接合した。
ペースト組成物の高温熱処理後の熱時接着強度は、250℃で100時間及び1000時間の加熱処理を行った後、マウント強度測定装置を用い、260℃での熱時ダイシェア強度を測定した。
ペースト組成物の冷熱サイクル処理による高温熱処理後の熱時接着強度は、-40℃から250℃まで昇温し、また-40℃に冷却する操作を1サイクルとし、これを100サイクル及び1000サイクル処理した後、マウント強度測定装置を用い、260℃での熱時ダイシェア強度を測定した。
試験片は、6mm×6mmの接合面に金蒸着層を設けた裏面金シリコンチップを、ペースト組成物を用いて銅フレーム及びPPFにマウントした。上記シリコンチップの銅フレーム及びPPFへの接合において、ペーストの硬化条件は、ホットプレート上で、200℃、60秒間の加熱硬化(HP硬化)又はオーブンを使用し、200℃、60分の加熱硬化(OV硬化)を行った。上記フレームにマウントしたシリコンチップは、京セラ(株)製エポキシ封止材(商品名:KE-G3000D)を用い、下記の条件で樹脂封止してパッケージを得た。耐冷熱衝撃性試験は、上記樹脂封止したパッケージを85℃、相対湿度85%、168時間吸湿処理した後、IRリフロー処理(260℃、10秒)及び冷熱サイクル処理(-55℃から150℃まで昇温し、また-55℃に冷却する操作を1サイクルとし、これを1000サイクル)を行い、各処理後それぞれのパッケージの内部クラックの発生数を超音波顕微鏡で観察することで評価した。耐冷熱衝撃性の評価結果は、5個のサンプルについてクラックの発生したサンプル数を表示した。
・パッケージタイプ:80pQFP(14mm×20mm×2mm厚さ)
・チップ概要:シリコンチップ及び裏面金メッキチップ
・リードフレーム:PPF及び銅
・エポキシ封止材による成形:175℃、2分間
・ポストモールドキュアー:175℃、8時間
ペースト組成物のボイド率は、マイクロフォーカスX線検査装置(SMX-1000、島津製作所社製)を用いて観察した。ボイド率の評価基準は、発生率5%未満を「良」、5%以上8%未満を「可」、8%以上を「不可」として判定した。尚、上記ボイド率は、X線透過装置によりはんだ接合部を接合面に対し垂直方向から観察し、ボイド面積と接合部面積を求め、下式により算出した。
ボイド率(%)=ボイド面積÷(ボイド面積+接合部面積)×100
さらに、無水カルボン酸を含むことにより、良好な焼結状態が得られることから、熱伝導率が良好なペースト組成物が得られることが分かった。
Claims (8)
- 前記(A)銅微粒子が、多面体形状又はプレート形状であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のペースト組成物。
- 前記(B)有機溶剤が、還元剤として機能するアルコール(ヒドロキシ化合物)であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のペースト組成物。
- さらに(C)カルボン酸を含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のペースト組成物。
- 基板と、
前記基板上に、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項記載のペースト組成物をを含むダイアタッチ材料の硬化物を介して接着された半導体素子と、を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記半導体素子が、発光素子であることを特徴とする請求項6記載の半導体装置。
- 発熱部品と、
前記発熱部品に、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項記載のペースト組成物を含む放熱部材接着用材料の硬化物を介して接着された放熱部材と、を有することを特徴とする電気・電子機器。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18875326.3A EP3712904B1 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2018-10-23 | Paste composition, semiconductor device, and electrical/electronic component |
| KR1020207013991A KR102386033B1 (ko) | 2017-11-13 | 2018-10-23 | 페이스트 조성물, 반도체 장치, 및 전기·전자 부품 |
| JP2019552699A JP7222904B2 (ja) | 2017-11-13 | 2018-10-23 | ペースト組成物、半導体装置及び電気・電子部品 |
| CN201880073439.3A CN111344815A (zh) | 2017-11-13 | 2018-10-23 | 膏组合物、半导体装置以及电气/电子部件 |
| US15/930,842 US11859112B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2020-05-13 | Paste composition, semiconductor device, and electrical/electronic component |
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| JP2021070873A (ja) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-06 | 学校法人 工学院大学 | 金属膜の製造方法、金属膜形成用組成物及び金属膜積層体 |
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| CN115023305A (zh) * | 2020-01-28 | 2022-09-06 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 接合用片 |
| WO2023282229A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-06 | 2023-01-12 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 接合用金属ペースト、並びに接合体及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2023190080A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 接合体の製造方法及び被接合体の接合方法 |
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| JP7506404B2 (ja) | 2019-10-29 | 2024-06-26 | 学校法人 工学院大学 | 金属膜の製造方法、金属膜形成用組成物及び金属膜積層体 |
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| JP2021134361A (ja) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-09-13 | 京セラ株式会社 | 銅粒子の製造方法、銅ペースト及び半導体装置 |
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| WO2023282229A1 (ja) * | 2021-07-06 | 2023-01-12 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 接合用金属ペースト、並びに接合体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2023098499A (ja) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-10 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 接合用シート、及び接合体の製造方法 |
| JP7797874B2 (ja) | 2021-12-28 | 2026-01-14 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 接合用シート、及び接合体の製造方法 |
| WO2023190080A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 接合体の製造方法及び被接合体の接合方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP7222904B2 (ja) | 2023-02-15 |
| TWI693266B (zh) | 2020-05-11 |
| EP3712904C0 (en) | 2025-06-25 |
| US11859112B2 (en) | 2024-01-02 |
| CN111344815A (zh) | 2020-06-26 |
| JPWO2019093121A1 (ja) | 2020-12-24 |
| EP3712904B1 (en) | 2025-06-25 |
| KR102386033B1 (ko) | 2022-04-14 |
| US20200279792A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
| KR20200062333A (ko) | 2020-06-03 |
| EP3712904A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
| TW201922985A (zh) | 2019-06-16 |
| EP3712904A4 (en) | 2021-08-25 |
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