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WO2019081121A1 - Procédé de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce et système de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce et système de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce

Info

Publication number
WO2019081121A1
WO2019081121A1 PCT/EP2018/074749 EP2018074749W WO2019081121A1 WO 2019081121 A1 WO2019081121 A1 WO 2019081121A1 EP 2018074749 W EP2018074749 W EP 2018074749W WO 2019081121 A1 WO2019081121 A1 WO 2019081121A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
room
radiation temperature
spatially resolved
determining
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/074749
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arne Tiddens
Jacob ESTEVAM SCHMIEDT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Publication of WO2019081121A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019081121A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/025—Interfacing a pyrometer to an external device or network; User interface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/04—Casings
    • G01J5/047—Mobile mounting; Scanning arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/07—Arrangements for adjusting the solid angle of collected radiation, e.g. adjusting or orienting field of view, tracking position or encoding angular position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/17—Catathermometers for measuring "cooling value" related either to weather conditions or to comfort of other human environment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/10—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J2005/0077—Imaging

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining, among other things, the thermal environment induced indoor quality of a room with a plurality of walls and a system for determining the inter alia caused by the thermal environment indoor quality of a room with several walls.
  • the energy consumption of a building depends to a considerable extent on the factors influencing the indoor climate, such as temperature, ventilation and lighting, as well as the design and operation of the building.
  • the indoor climate affects the health, productivity and comfort of people staying in the building.
  • a degree of comfort or discomfort of an interior can be determined by the value PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) of an interior.
  • PMV index can be determined by modern computer applications. This index is dimensionless and directly related to the predictive pecentage of dissatisfied (PPD) index, which describes the expected average dissatisfaction rate. The assignment of these two values shows that even with optimal conditions always a certain degree of dissatisfied persons remains.
  • the determination of the PMV index is used for the design of air conditioning and ventilation systems or in the planning of areas with very high comfort requirements.
  • the so-called operative temperature which corresponds to a perceived temperature, comprises the interaction of the air temperature and the average radiant temperature of the surrounding surfaces and is the main factor of the thermal comfort of living and working spaces.
  • the relative humidity and the effect of the air velocity usually have only a minor influence on the thermal comfort.
  • the operating temperature is simply determined from the mean value of the air temperature and the average radiation temperature of the room surfaces.
  • thermometer For the determination of the average radiation temperature usually a so-called “black globe thermometer” is used. This is a thermometer surrounded by a black body. This allows a determination of the average radiation temperature at a location in space and at a time. The measurement is usually carried out by an appraiser.
  • this type of measurement has the disadvantages that short-term influencing factors such as solar radiation are treated in exactly the same way as permanent factors such as radiators or poorly insulated walls. An elimination of the short-term influencing factors can not be done retrospectively. Therefore, an appropriate preparation of the room or a suitable choice of the time of measurement is necessary. As a result, effort and necessary expertise in carrying out the measurement are significantly increased.
  • no causes for a bad value can be determined by determining a PMV value. If a bad PMV value is present, on-site expert assessors are required to determine the causes and to suggest improvements.
  • the process should make the consultation of a surveyor as superfluous as possible.
  • the method according to the invention for determining, among other things, the interior quality of a room with several walls in relation to comfort caused by the thermal environment comprises the following steps:
  • the Panoramic infrared image comprises at least one horizontally extending 360 ° panorama
  • the inventive method thus provides that the determination of a radiation temperature not only takes place at a measuring point in the room via a 360 ° panoramic infrared image, but that the radiation temperature is spatially resolved and thus determined at a plurality of points in the room.
  • the average radiation temperature can be determined very accurately and very quickly.
  • the PMV value can advantageously be determined according to the above-mentioned standard (neglecting the relative air speed).
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to determine the average radiation temperature, so that it is also possible to observe and analyze interference parameters such as, for example, solar radiation. Since for the implementation of the method according to the invention usually no expert must be present on site, it is possible to carry out cost-effective long-term measurements.
  • the image display of the panoramic infrared image can be made by the creation of individual images, which are assembled. It is also possible to create a full-field image that extends horizontally by 360 ° instead of the panorama, which only extends 360 ° horizontally. This increases the accuracy in determining the radiation temperature.
  • the spatially resolved average radiation temperature and / or the spatially resolved radiation temperature this can for a or several points in space are estimated, assuming that there is a homogeneous temperature and air velocity in space.
  • the geometrical data of the room is determined and thus provided via the panoramic infrared image, the spatial resolution of the average radiation temperature and / or the radiation temperature taking place via the specific geometric data.
  • the geometric data of the rooms are determined by surveying, the spatial resolution of the average radiation temperature and / or the radiation temperature taking place via the specific geometric data.
  • the thermal comfort is determined in a spatial resolution.
  • the geometry data can also be used for this.
  • the interior quality of the room can be determined in a particularly advantageous manner, since it can be determined whether the thermal comfort varies over the room, so that it can be determined in an advantageous manner, if action is needed for the change or Improvement of the interior quality is necessary. If, when determining the PMV value according to the prior art at a point in space, one had come to the conclusion that a thermal discomfort exists, this could lead to complex remedial measures. However, due to the spatial resolution of the thermal comfort it can be seen that perhaps already the change of the arrangement of furniture in the room or the change of a sitting position of a person in the room could possibly lead to a higher comfortableness.
  • a plurality of panoramic infrared images of the room are recorded over a period of time and compared to determine short-term events which influence the radiation temperature.
  • solar radiation through a window has a short-term influence when determining the interior quality, if, for example, the window is generally represented in the panoramic infrared images as an area with a low surface temperature, but exhibits either a high temperature or a high thermal radiation in the short term ,
  • the events influencing the radiation temperature can thus be analyzed.
  • a 360 ° panoramic infrared image of a time without a short-term event influencing the radiation temperature is used to determine the spatially resolved average radiation temperature and / or the spatially resolved radiation temperature.
  • confounding factors can be eliminated in the evaluation.
  • panoramic infrared images of the room are taken over a period of time, wherein from the several panoramic infrared images of the room an averaged panoramic infrared image is created, wherein for the determination of the spatially resolved middle Radiation temperature and / or the spatially resolved radiation temperature, the averaged panoramic infrared image is used.
  • the use of the multiple panoramic infrared images can also reduce the impact of short-term events affecting the radiation temperature.
  • a radiation asymmetry and / or a floor temperature is determined from the spatially resolved radiation temperature. These parameters have a great influence on the PPD value.
  • the method according to the invention thus advantageously makes it possible to determine an expected average rate of unfairness.
  • the air speed is measured at the arbitrary point.
  • the determination of the PMV value can be increased.
  • the method according to the invention can thus provide for additionally using the measured air velocity for the determination of thermal comfort.
  • it can first be assumed that the air velocity is constant across the room.
  • a flow simulation for determining a spatially resolved air velocity wherein the spatially resolved air velocity is used for the determination of spatially resolved thermal comfort.
  • the thermal comfort can be determined very precisely.
  • the air velocity previously measured at the arbitrary point can be used.
  • the method according to the invention can also provide that the acoustic load in the room is measured by recording noises at the arbitrary point. The acoustic load can thus also be used to determine the interior quality.
  • the method according to the invention can also provide that the room air is examined at least at any point with regard to gases and / or mold spores.
  • gas detectors or a so-called electronic nose can be used.
  • samples are taken at any point and later evaluated in the laboratory.
  • the method according to the invention can furthermore examine at any point the room air with respect to particulate matter. By examining the room air with respect to gases, mold spores and / or particulate matter, an interior quality enhanced by these values can be determined.
  • the degree of turbulence of the air is measured at the arbitrary point. It can also be provided that an air turbulence simulation of the room takes place. The degree of turbulence of the air of the room can have an influence on the interior quality, so that a more accurate determination of the interior quality is possible. Furthermore, the air turbulence simulation and / or the flow simulation in space allows the possibility of a spatial To estimate the dissolution of the investigated gases, mold spores and / or particulate matter.
  • the inventive method may further provide that the air exchange rate of the room is measured. For example, thereby leakage in the room, which can also have an influence on the interior quality, are determined. This can be done for example via a Tracergas journey.
  • an air humidity sensor for determining the u.a. Indoor environment quality of a multi-walled room caused by the thermal environment is an air humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, at least one infrared camera preferably rotating at least in one direction, preferably 360 ° to produce a panoramic infrared image and image processing means for determining a spatially resolved average radiation temperature and / or one spatially resolved radiation temperature from the panoramic infrared image with provided geometry data of the room.
  • the panoramic infrared image can also be created by a plurality of infrared cameras, which are, for example, pivotable or facing in different directions.
  • the system according to the invention can thus be used advantageously for carrying out the method according to the invention described above.
  • the infrared camera which can be pivoted in one direction in a horizontal plane, advantageously a panoramic infrared image extending in the horizontal direction can be created.
  • the infrared camera preferably has a drive unit for this, which enables automatic pivoting.
  • panoramic infrared images can be created in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the infrared camera can also in other directions, for example in a vertical plane, be pivoted, so that full-body shots are possible.
  • the individual components of the system can work automatically, so that the system can be operated by a layman in an advantageous manner.
  • the panoramic infrared image can be created automatically and without further action by a user.
  • the inclusion of a panoramic infrared image the site of the system in space is almost arbitrary and it is also not to pay attention to precise alignment. For the determination of the interior quality of the room no special previous knowledge is necessary.
  • the user can have the procedure carried out automatically.
  • it is not necessary to consult an expert so that the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly cost-effective manner.
  • the image processing device has a geometry determination device for determining the geometry data of the space from the panoramic infrared image.
  • the geometry determination device can have an image evaluation device.
  • the geometry of the room can be determined from the panoramic images taken using the infrared camera.
  • the system according to the invention can also have an optical distance measuring device.
  • the optical distance measuring device By means of the optical distance measuring device it is possible to determine distances of the walls of the room to the position at which the system is arranged in the room, by means of which geometrical data of the room can be determined.
  • the optical distance measuring device can, for example, a
  • the system according to the invention has an air speed measuring device.
  • Air velocity measuring device can determine the air velocity of a position of the system in the room.
  • the air speed is another value that has an influence on the comfort and thus the interior quality of the room.
  • the system may also include a flow simulation device that performs a flow simulation of the air in the space. As a result, air flows and the air velocity can be determined in spatial resolution, so that they can be used for the determination of spatially resolved comfort values.
  • the invention may also include an acoustic receiver, preferably a microphone, through which sounds can be picked up.
  • an acoustic receiver preferably a microphone
  • the system according to the invention may further comprise an acoustic transmitter-receiver system for determining a reverberation of the room.
  • an acoustic transmitter-receiver system for determining a reverberation of the room.
  • the system according to the invention can advantageously have a gas sensor system, preferably an electronic nose.
  • a gas sensor for example, different gases in the air of the room be determined. It is also possible to sense mold spores by detecting volatile components of mold spores in the air.
  • the system of the invention may also include an air turbulence sensor.
  • the air turbulence sensor can be used to determine the prevailing air turbulence at the point at which the system according to the invention is installed. This value can also go into the interior quality determination.
  • the system may also include air turbulence simulation means by which air turbulence in the room can be simulated. Thus, spatially resolved air turbulence can be determined.
  • the system according to the invention preferably has a leakage sensor system for determining leaks in the room.
  • This can be used, for example, to determine the air exchange rate of the room.
  • the leakage sensor system may for example be formed in two parts and, for example, use a tracer gas.
  • the leakage sensor system may, for example, comprise a tracer gas sensor which is arranged with the main components of the system, such as the pivoting infrared camera, at any location in the room.
  • the leakage sensor system may comprise a separate, mobile tracer gas dispenser, with which the tracer gas can be discharged outside the room to be detected by the tracer gas sensor of the leakage sensor system in the room.
  • the system may further include a dust sensor. Also the values determined by the dust sensor on possible dust loads, such as Fine dust loads in the room can be taken into account when determining the interior quality.
  • the invention further relates to the use of a system according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the single figure shows a schematic representation of the system according to the invention.
  • the system 1 according to the invention for determining the interior quality of a room having a plurality of walls caused by the thermal environment has an infrared camera 3, which can be swiveled at least in one direction, preferably by 360 °, for producing a panoramic infrared image.
  • the infrared camera 3 is rotatably mounted on a housing 5. Via a drive 7, the infrared camera 3 can be pivoted automatically.
  • the system according to the invention also has an air humidity sensor 2 and a temperature sensor 4, via which the humidity and temperature of the air of the room can be measured.
  • an image processing device for determining a spatially resolved average radiation temperature and / or a spatially resolved radiation temperature from the panoramic infrared image with provided geometric data of the room is arranged.
  • the average radiation temperature and / or the spatially resolved radiation temperature can advantageously be determined from the panoramic infrared image and spatially resolved by means of the geometry data provided for the room.
  • the geometry data can not have a shown geometry determination device which is part of the image processing device and by means of which the geometry data from the panoramic infrared image can be determined provide.
  • the geometry data can also be determined via a distance measuring device (not shown).
  • the system 1 further comprises an air velocity measuring device 11, an acoustic receiver 13, an acoustic transmitter-receiver system 15, a gas sensor system 17, an air turbulence sensor 19 and a dust sensor 21. Further, the system includes a leak sensor system 23 for determining leaks of the room.
  • the leakage sensor system consists of a tracer gas sensor 25 and a tracer gas dispenser 27 that can be used outside the room to dispense a tracer gas that can be detected in the room via the tracer gas sensor 25.
  • the air velocity measuring device 11, the microphone 13, the acoustic transmitter-receiver system 15, the gas sensor system 17, the air turbulence sensor 19, the dust sensor 21 and the leakage gas sensor 25 of the leakage sensor 23 are shown only schematically on the housing 5 in the figure.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the system according to the invention is arranged at any point in the room.
  • the humidity sensor 2 the humidity of the air of the room is measured.
  • the air temperature is measured via the air temperature sensor 4.
  • the swiveling infrared camera creates a panoramic infrared image of the room. From the panoramic infrared image can be by means of the image processing device 9, a spatially resolved average radiation temperature and / or a spatially resolved Determine the radiation temperature of the room, wherein provided geometry data are used. These are determined by means of a Geometriebeticians worn the image processing device from the panoramic infrared image. Furthermore, the air speed at the point in the room can be determined via the air speed measuring device 11.
  • noises are detected via the acoustic receiver, which are present in the room.
  • the gas sensor system 17 detects gases and / or volatile components of mold spores present in the room air.
  • Air turbulence of the room air at the point of installation of the system 1 is measured via the air turbulence sensor 19.
  • the dust sensor 21 measures the dust load of the room air. Leakage of the space and thus an air exchange rate of the room are determined via the leakage sensor system 23.
  • the values determined are used to determine the interior quality of the room.
  • the measured humidity, the measured temperature and the specific radiation temperature and the measured air velocity are used to determine the thermal comfort. If the mean radiant temperature is used, PMV values can be determined.
  • the system 1 may have a computing device (not shown) or be connected to a computing device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système pour déterminer la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce munie de plusieurs parois, induite entre autres par l'ambiance thermique. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : - mesure de l'humidité de l'air , - mesure de la température de l'air, - création d'au moins une image infrarouge panoramique de la pièce à partir d'un point quelconque dans la pièce, l'image infrarouge panoramique comprenant au moins un panorama à 360° s'étendant horizontalement, - détermination d'une température de rayonnement moyenne à résolution spatiale et/ou d'une température de rayonnement à résolution spatiale à partir de l'image infrarouge panoramique avec des données géométriques de la pièce fournies , - détermination d'un confort thermique à partir de l'humidité de l'air mesurée, de la température de l'air mesurée et de la température de rayonnement moyenne à résolution spatiale et/ou de la température de rayonnement à résolution spatiale.
PCT/EP2018/074749 2017-10-25 2018-09-13 Procédé de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce et système de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce Ceased WO2019081121A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017219142.2A DE102017219142B4 (de) 2017-10-25 2017-10-25 Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Innenraumqualität eines Raumes
DE102017219142.2 2017-10-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019081121A1 true WO2019081121A1 (fr) 2019-05-02

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/EP2018/074749 Ceased WO2019081121A1 (fr) 2017-10-25 2018-09-13 Procédé de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce et système de détermination de la qualité d'intérieur d'une pièce

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017219142B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019081121A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102997376A (zh) * 2011-09-09 2013-03-27 株式会社东芝 Pmv 推断装置及其计算机程序产品
KR101776567B1 (ko) * 2017-01-11 2017-09-11 대한민국 실내에서의 효율적인 냉난방 및 에너지 절약을 위한 온도 성층화 개선방법 및 이를 이용한 난방제어 시스템
US20170268793A1 (en) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 International Business Machines Corporation System and method for identification of personal thermal comfort

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US5436852A (en) 1990-09-21 1995-07-25 Yamatake-Honeywell Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for calculating predicted mean thermal sensitivity
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DE19822102A1 (de) 1998-05-16 1999-11-18 Philips Patentverwaltung Komfortsensor
US7206728B2 (en) 2002-09-25 2007-04-17 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Method for evaluating thermal comfort of a structure and an assisting method, program or system for designing a structure in consideration of thermal comfort
DE102011077522A1 (de) 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der thermischen Behaglichkeit
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Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102997376A (zh) * 2011-09-09 2013-03-27 株式会社东芝 Pmv 推断装置及其计算机程序产品
US20170268793A1 (en) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-21 International Business Machines Corporation System and method for identification of personal thermal comfort
KR101776567B1 (ko) * 2017-01-11 2017-09-11 대한민국 실내에서의 효율적인 냉난방 및 에너지 절약을 위한 온도 성층화 개선방법 및 이를 이용한 난방제어 시스템

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DE102017219142A1 (de) 2019-04-25
DE102017219142B4 (de) 2023-05-25

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