WO2019079911A1 - Fungicidal and bactericidal composition comprising copper-based salts; method for preventing and/or treating the infestation of useful plants with bacteria or fungi; and use of said composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fungicidal and bactericidal composition comprising copper salts, mainly a double salt of ammonium sulfate and copper hexahydrate ((NH4)2Cu(SO4)2x6H2O) and a copper sulfate pentahydrate salt (CuSO4x5H2O). A method for preventing and/or treating the infestation of useful plants with bacteria or fungi by application of a dilute solution of the aforementioned composition is also disclosed. Finally, the use of said composition is disclosed.

Description

 FUNGICIDE AND BACTERICIDE COMPOSITION COMPRISING SALTS BASED ON COPPER; METHOD TO AVOID AND / OR TREAT THE INFESTATION OF USEFUL PLANTS FOR BACTERIA OR FUNGI; AND USE OF SUCH COMPOSITION

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY FIELD OF APPLICATION

 The present invention relates to compositions based on copper salts that have a fungicidal and bactericidal effect to be applied on useful plants to prevent and / or treat their infestation. BACKGROUND

 Copper-based compounds have been used in agriculture for a long time to control phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria in agricultural crops and other media.

One of the great problems that copper-based compounds have, such as copper hydroxides, copper oxides or copper oxychlorides, is their low solubility and therefore their low bioavailability of the copper bivalent ion, which is the controlling agent of copper. fungi and bacteria, so commonly the application rates are very high.

 On the other hand, one of the problems of copper compounds whose raw material is copper salts, such as copper sulphate pentahydrate, corresponds to its high levels of phytotoxicity and toxicity to the environment, which is why they are commonly added additives such as sequestering agents that form complexes with copper to control their ionic availability, affecting their solubility and the stability of the reactions and their efficiency in the control of pathogens.

Surprisingly, it has been discovered that the use of compounds based on ammonia allows to increase the solubility of copper salts, improving in turn the bioavailability and the copper activity in its different applications as a fungicidal and bactericidal agent, additionally controlling the rates of free acidity in solution, phytotoxicity and toxicity of copper salts.

 In Chile, the market for copper fungicides-bactericides can be divided into two sub-markets: 1) winter, period that includes the time in which the plant is without foliage (leaves, flower, fruit) until the beginning of sprouting and 2) prima vera - summer, period from the sprouting of the yolk to the harvest.

 In the winter market, in general, particulate products are used, most of which are formulated as wettable powders, dry powders, dispersible granules and concentrated suspensions. These products have as active ingredients basically copper hydroxides, copper oxides, copper oxychlorides, basic copper sulphates, or a combination of the above, which are relatively cheaper products than those used in the summer premium market.

 In the spring-summer market, having the plant foliage, less phytotoxic, more sophisticated and more friendly products with fruits, leaves and flowers are required, so liquid products based on sulphates of copper pentahydrate are preferably used. These products can even have a price 5 times higher than a product of the winter market and their formulations are mostly soluble concentrates.

 The main reason why you can not use products from the winter market during the whole season is its phytotoxicity, and the reason why copper sulphate s pentahydrate can not be used during the winter market is mainly economic, due to the high value of these products.

The present invention solves the two mentioned problems, by offering a high quality product, based on a mixture of copper salts of natural origin, which can be used in the winter market and with a minimum degree of phytotoxicity to be used in the market first-summer, offering as the first great virtue the flexibility for year-round use, which, for a farmer is very advantageous.

 In turn, the composition of the invention acts effectively as a fungicide and bactericide, by delivering an immediate and controlled amount of bivalent copper ion (pathogen controlling agent) without resulting in phytotoxic effects. On the contrary, some current solutions require generating copper complexes with organic or natural molecules, which affects the solubility and effectiveness of the fungicidal and bactericidal action.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

 The present invention relates to compositions having a fungicidal and bactericidal effect comprising:

 a double salt of copper sulfate and ammonium; Y

 one or more copper salts or copper compounds.

The invention also relates to the use of a double salt of copper and ammonium in fungicidal and bactericidal compositions containing copper to improve its solubility, bioavailability and activity, effectively controlling the toxicity and phytotoxicity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 Figure 1: Diffractogram of a composition according to the present invention.

Figure 2: Infrared spectrum of a composition according to the present invention.

Figure 3: Infrared spectrum of a composition according to the present invention.

Figure 4: Dose chart of different compositions applied in winter to a blueberry crop.

 Figure 5: Dose chart of different compositions applied in winter to a potato crop.

Figure 6: Dose chart of different compositions applied in winter to a walnut crop. Figure 7: Dose chart of different compositions applied in winter to a stone culture.

 Figure 8: Dose chart of different compositions applied in winter to a vine crop.

 Figure 9: Dose chart of different compositions applied in spring-summer to a blueberry crop.

 Figure 10: Dose chart of different compositions applied in spring-summer to a potato crop.

 Figure 11: Dose chart of different compositions applied in spring-summer to a walnut crop.

 Figure 12: Dose chart of different compositions applied in spring-summer to a stone culture.

 Figure 13: Dose chart of different compositions applied in spring-summer to a vine crop.

 Figure 14: Photograph of disease caused by Mildiú in lettuce.

 Figure 15: Photograph of disease caused by Mildiú in lettuce.

 Figure 16: Photograph of disease caused by Mildiú in lettuce.

 Figure 17: Photograph of disease caused by Mildiú in lettuce.

 Figure 18: Photograph of disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberries.

 Figure 19: Comparative graph of% of remnant composition during 15 days after a rainfall period of 25 mm.

 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The term "copper salt" in some of the compositions of the invention may include one or more of the following monovalent or, preferably, divalent copper salts, including the salts copper sulfate, copper sulfate monohydrate, copper sulfate dihydrate , copper sulfate trihydrate, copper sulphate pentahydrate, (Cu) i ₅ (S04) ₄ (OH) ₂₂ 6 (H ₂ 0)

(rambsbeckite), copper sulfate tetrahydroxide ((Cu ²⁺ ) ₃ S0 ₄ (OH) ₄ ), double ammonium sulfate and copper hexahydrate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ (Cu (S0 ₄ ) x6H ₂ 0), copper, copper nitrate, copper bicarbonate, copper oxychloride, copper borate, copper sulfamate, copper oxychloride sulfate, and other different types of copper sulfate hydroxides, such as (Cu) ₄ S0 ₄ (OH) ₆ and CuSO ₄ (OH) ₂ .

 Other copper compounds which are suitable for the composition of the invention are copper hydroxide, cuprous oxide and cupric oxide

The term "double salt" in some of the compositions of the invention includes the Tutton salts which possess the general formula M ₂ M (S04) ₂ (H20) ₆ wherein the monovalent cation may include K, Rb, Cs, and especially ammonium (NFL ^"1- ) The divalent cation may include Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni Zn, Cd and preferably Cu.

 Copper salts that are preferably used for solid formulations, i.e., powdery or granular forms, are copper salts that are largely insoluble in water, such as copper oxychloride or copper hydroxide. Copper salts that are preferably used for liquid or dispersed formulations are water soluble copper salts, such as copper sulfate pentahydrate.

 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES

 The present invention relates to a fungicidal and bactericidal composition comprising:

 · A double salt of ammonium sulphate and copper hexahydrate ((NFL ^ CuíSC ^ xóf ^ O);

• a copper sulphate pentahydrate salt (CUSO ₄ X5H ₂ O).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the fungicidal and bactericidal composition further comprises copper sulfate trihydrate (CUSO ₄ X3H ₂ O). In another preferred embodiment of the invention the fungicidal and bactericidal composition further comprises copper sulfate tetrahydroxide (Cu ₃ S0 ₄ (OH) 4).

 In another preferred embodiment according to the invention the fungicidal and bactericidal composition further comprises amorphous material.

In some embodiments of the present invention the composition may also include lower amounts Ramsbeckite (Cu) i5 (S0 ₄ ) 4 (OH) ₂₂ 6 (H ₂ 0).

In a preferred embodiment of the invention in the fungicidal and bactericidal composition double salt of ammonium sulfate hexahydrate copper ((NH4) ₂ Cu (S0 _{4) 2} x6H ₂ 0) is in an amount between 20 and 40% by weight relative to the total composition.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention in the fungicidal and bactericidal composition the copper sulphate pentahydrate salt (CUSO ₄ X5H ₂ O) is in an amount between 10 and 30% by weight with respect to the total composition.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention in the fungicidal and bactericidal composition the copper sulfate trihydrate (CUSO ₄ X3H ₂ O) is in an amount between 5 and 30% by weight with respect to the total composition.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the fungicidal and bactericidal composition, copper sulfate tetrahydroxide (Cu ₃ S0 ₄ (OH) 4) is present in an amount between 2 and 15% by weight with respect to the total composition.

 In another preferred embodiment of the invention in the fungicidal and bactericidal composition the amorphous material is in an amount between 5 and 30% by weight with respect to the total composition.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fungicidal and bactericidal composition of the present invention has a solubility in water, measured at 20 ° C, greater than 95% for a solution of 60 g of composition in 100 L of water. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fungicidal and bactericidal composition of the present invention has a solubility in water, measured at 20 ° C, greater than 93% for a solution of 120 g of composition in 100 L of water.

 The present invention also relates to a method for preventing and / or treating the infestation of useful plants by bacteria or fungi which comprises applying to the plants a fungicidal and bactericidal composition diluted in water, wherein the composition comprises:

• a double salt of ammonium sulfate and copper hexahydrate ((NH4) 2Cu (S04) ₂ x6H ₂ 0); Y

• a copper sulphate pentahydrate salt (CuS0 ₄ x5H ₂ 0).

 In a preferred embodiment of the invention the method comprises diluting the fungicidal and bactericidal composition between 50 and 130 grams in 100 liters of water.

 In another preferred embodiment of the invention the method comprises spraying on the plants.

 In a preferred embodiment of the invention the method comprises the application to plants in spring-summer.

Finally, the present invention discloses the use of the fungicidal and bactericidal composition as a bactericide and fungicide in useful plants.

 These compositions are obtainable from the processing of copper sulphate pentahydrate of natural origin, resulting in the above-mentioned copper salt compositions.

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE INVENTION

 X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy studies were carried out to determine each of the components comprising the composition of the invention.

X-RAY DIFFRACTION

X-ray diffraction is a technique in which a beam of X-rays, at a certain wavelength, is interacted with a crystalline substance. This methodology allows to identify the crystalline phase both in its qualitative and quantitative aspect, since every crystalline phase presents a fingerprint that is its diffraction diagram.

Results obtained

 The samples of the composition have characteristic diffractograms of crystalline substances.

 Table 1 shows the identification of the crystalline phases found in the sample of a preferred composition according to the present invention.

 Table 1

 Figure 1 shows the diffractogram of a sample of the composition, in which each of the crystalline phases found in a composition according to the invention are identified.

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

 This method consists of crossing the sample at a certain wavelength with an infrared beam of light and determining the qualitative composition of a substance through absorbance. Each substance generates a unique absorbance curve for certain wavelengths. Figures 2 and 3 show the spectra obtained for a composition according to the invention compared with cupric sulfate and cupric sulfate pentahydrate, respectively.

Conclusions of X-ray diffraction and IR spectrum analysis:

 • The sample analyzed is characterized by different copper sulphate compounds and amorphous material:

to. Ammonium Copper Sulfate Hydrate; b. Bonattite;

 c. Chalcanthite, syn;

 d. Ramsbeckite;

 and. Antlerite;

 F. Copper Sulfate Hydrate; Y

 g. Amorphous material

• The infrared spectra of the composition of the invention compared with the infrared spectrum of copper sulphate pentahydrate (starting material) and copper sulfate II, make it possible to establish that they are different, there being a characteristic signal of the composition according to the invention at 1400 cm ^"1 , which corresponds to the ammonium signal.

• When the sample is dried, the functional group characteristic of this formulation, ammonium, remains stable as hydrous ammonium copper sulfate.

 • Through the IR spectra, it can be established that the formation of a different composition obtained from copper sulphate pentahydrate.

DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUBILITY OF THE COMPOSITION ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

 The analysis of Table 2 determines the percentage of solubility of the composition according to the invention in water at different pH values.

 Table 2

5 97,4 96,8

5 97.4 96.8

 6 96.4 95.1

 6 96.3 94.5

 7 96.3 94.3

 7 96.5 95.2

 8 96.4 94.3

 8 96.3 94.4

 9 95.9 94.3

 9 95.6 96.6

 10 95.8 94.1

 10 95.7 93.9

EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION

 The following examples correspond to the application of the following composition:

 Comparative study of the doses of fungicides-bactericides with copper active ingredients

The present study shows, for five relevant crops in Chile, the comparative analysis of the doses of fungicides - bactericides based on copper that are authorized by the Agricultural Livestock Service (SAG) to be used as pesticides with respect to the invention. For each crop, which correspond to Nogal, Carozos, Papa and Cranberries, the doses are analyzed comparatively according to the types of products used for each of the two markets described above. Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 present a series of graphs that clearly illustrate the differences in the product doses between the invention and the other products on the market.

It is important to highlight that, for each crop, those products that are authorized by the SAG to be used specifically in that crop to control a certain disease were graphed, so it is assumed that with the graphed doses there is a similar control of the disease between all, so that the graphic makes sense. In addition, it should be considered that the minimum doses of label were used for each of the products, in all crops.

 • Winter Market

This market constitutes approximately 60% of sales of copper fungicides-bactericides in Chile, and is mainly constituted by solid or particulate products with low solubility and availability of copper ion, responsible for controlling pathogens. The latter means that the amount of copper to be used per hectare exceeds in some cases the 10 kilograms of product and the three kilograms of copper in only one application, as can be seen in the five graphs (Figures 4 to 8).

 The first column (in green) of the comparative graphs represents the composition according to the present invention.

 Figure 4: Dose applied winter market blueberry cultivation.

Figure 5: Dose applied winter potato crop market.

Figure 6: Dose applied winter walnut crop market.

Figure 7: Dose applied winter market pit cultivation.

Figure 8: Dose applied winter market vine crop.

As can be seen from the graphs shown, the composition according to the invention is that which is applied in very low doses (with a comparative control of the disease) for the five crops. It is important to emphasize that, when needing less product, an environmental benefit of less accumulation of this copper in the soil is generated.

 • Spring-summer market

 This market represents the remaining 40% of sales of copper fungicides-bactericides in Chile. In addition, the requirements of quality and compatibility with the foliage of the plant are greater for this market, which is why more refined and less phytotoxic products are required. This has led to the formulations applied during the spring and summer are mostly made from copper sulphate pentahydrate and whose compositions are more complex than the products of the winter market, and are usually formulations with copper complexes, to be able to decrease phytotoxicity However, copper in the form of a complex compound affects the solubility, the stability of the reactions and the efficiency in the control of pathogens.

 In addition, due to their high costs, all these products are not preferred, since their cost rises up to 5 times above the cost of a product of the winter market (oxides, hydroxides, oxychlorides, etc.).

 The following five graphs (Figures 9 to 13) show for cranberry, potato, walnut, stone and grapevine (in that order) the necessary doses of products manufactured from copper sulphate pentahydrate versus the invention, which has the lowest cost per kilogram (or liter) of the five other products analyzed. The invention is shown in the first bar on the left (green column).

 Figure 9: Dose applied market spring-summer cranberry cultivation.

Figure 10: Dose applied market spring-summer potato crop.

Figure 11: Dose applied market spring-summer walnut cultivation.

Figure 12: Dose applied market spring-summer cultivation of stone.

Figure 13: Dose applied market spring-summer vine cultivation. As a conclusion of the graphs shown (Figures 9 to 13), the ability of the composition of the invention to control fungi and bacteria with lower doses is highlighted, since the existing compositions must be more diluted water, which does not provide any value, but that must necessarily go as part of the formulated to achieve effectiveness in the application. This implies that the invention contains a higher content of fungi and bacteria controlling agent.

 Study to test the effectiveness of the composition according to the invention in the control of

Bremia lactucae

 The following examples correspond to the application of the following composition:

The trial was established in an escarole Desert cv lettuce culture, transplanted in week 24, at a planting distance of 0.75 m between rows and 0.35 m on double row rows at the table (64,500 plants / Ha ).

 The applications were made with a manual back sprayer machine with cone nozzles, with an expense of 1.0 L / min, with an application volume equivalent to 400 L / Ha.

The treatments performed are described in Table 3.

Table 3: Products and doses applied in the treatments

según la días, según presión

according to the day, according to pressure

 invention of inoculum

 Application every 10

T3 Phyton 27 100 days, according to pressure

 inoculum

 Program of

 T4 Commercial application of the A define

 producer

 Experimental design and statistical analysis

A Design of Random Complete Blocks (BCA) was made, with 4 treatments per block, with 4 repetitions for each and 25 plants for each repetition or plot (100 plants per treatment), which are arranged in 3 rows of each, evaluating the central row, leaving a row border on each side, which were also treated, so as not to increase the source of inoculum. Evaluation

The percentage incidence (number of plants showing symptoms according to the total evaluated plants) and severity (level of damage presented by leaf affected with Bremia lactucae in each plant) was determined.

The scale used to assess the level of damage is presented in Table 4.

Table 4: Arbitrary evaluation scale to determine the level of damage in lettuce plants (severity)

 Statistic analysis

The data obtained from the evaluations were submitted to an ANDEVA, after an angular transformation of Bliss for the case of the percentages. When there were significant statistical differences, the means were subjected to the Tukey Multiple Comparison Test (p <0.05). Results

In the orchard an incipient attack of Sclerotinia minor was presented, which was evaluated in conjunction with the presence of symptoms of Bremia lactucae (Mildiú of the lettuce).

The control of Sclerotinia minor by applications of the composition according to the invention is presented in Table 5. It can be seen that the composition according to the invention was able to significantly reduce the incidence of Sclerotinia minor in lettuce plants, being the only treatment that could be statistically differentiated from the control treatment, without application of fungicides. Table 5: Percentages of average plants damaged by Sclerotinia minor

 Stocks with a common letter are not significantly different (p> 0.05), according to Tukey's Multiple Comparisons test.

 Tables 6 and 7 present the control results on Bremia lactucae.

In table 6 it can be seen that all the treatments were statistically different from the control and without differences between them in the reduction of the severity of the symptoms of the disease, achieving control over Mildiú in lettuce (Photos 1, 2, 3 and 4 ). In the case of the incidence of the disease, Table 7, all the treatments had very similar levels, differentiating mainly by the level of leaf damage that each one (severity), due to direct action of the fungicides that managed to diminish the advance of the symptoms that were presented.

Table 6: Damage severity index caused by Mildiú of lettuce (Bremia lactucae).

 Stocks with a common letter are not significantly different (p> 0.05), according to Tukey's Multiple Comparisons test.

Table 7: Percentage of incidence by treatment of Bremia lactucae in lettuce plants.

 Stocks with a common letter are not significantly different (p> 0.05), according to Tukey's Multiple Comparisons test.

Conclusions of the study

• The applications of the composition according to the invention are effective for the control of Bremia lactucae (Mildiú of lettuce), significantly reducing the severity of the disease, with 5 applications made in phenological stage from 4 true leaves to head formed, harvest, with an equivalent wetting of 400 L / Ha, at a dose of 100 g / HI.

• The composition according to the invention showed no symptoms of phytotoxicity in cvar Desert lettuce plants, of the escarole type, when applied via foliar on 5 occasions, with a volume of wetting equivalent to 400 L / Ha.

• The data obtained through this test can be extrapolated to other vegetable species such as chard and spinach. EXAMPLE FOR DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMPOSITION ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION IN THE CONTROL OF Bacteriosis in European Hazel (Xanthomonas campesteris pv corylina)

 Bacteriosis of European hazel has been considered one of the most devastating diseases of the crop in the world and also in Chile, it is particularly very aggressive in young plants from 1 to 4 years, weakened by environmental conditions such as frost, cold, poor drainage between others.

 During the season in which the trial was conducted, favorable conditions were presented for the development of the disease Bacteriosis del hazel.

 The composition used comprises the following composition:

 The results indicated that the applications of a composition according to the invention in doses of 60 g / hL had an effect in reducing the severity of the disease.

 The use of the composition according to the invention in a dose of 60 gr / hl applied six times, three applications in sprouting (September to October), one in fruit set and two in fruit formed, was effective in reducing the severity of hazelnuts in hazel.

 The use of the composition according to the invention in doses of 60 gr / hl on four occasions, one in fruit set (December), two in fruits under development (January-February) and one in ripe fruit (March), was effective in reducing the severity of bacteriosis in hazel.

There was no phytotoxic effect of the applications according to the invention in a dose of 60 gr / hl in any treatment. Treatments

 A total of 7 treatments were carried out, 6 of which received applications of the composition according to the invention (60 g / hL) in different phenological stages according to Table 8, compared with a control without application.

 Table 8: Control treatments in cultivating Tonda di Giffoni for applications of the composition according to the invention (60 gr / hL) in winter, spring and summer.

 Experimental design

 Complete blocks at random. Each treatment consisted of 3 trees and each tree represents a repetition Table 9.

Development of the Essay

I ^to application of the composition according to the invention. On the application date, the trees of the Tonda di Giffoni cultivar were in the winter recess stage, that is, the beginning of leaf fall. It was applied in a concentration of 60 g / hL for IT treatments: 50% leaf fall.

2nd application of the composition according to the invention.

On the date of the second application, the trees of the Tonda di Giffoni cultivar were in the stage of male flowering, and at the same time at the beginning of leaf fall. A concentration of 60 g / hl was applied for IT treatments: 100% leaf fall and T2: 30% flowering. 3 ^to application of the composition according to the invention

 On the date of this third application the trees of the cultivator Tonda di Giffoni were in the beginning of sprouting.

 It was applied in a concentration of 60 gr / hL for the treatments.

T3: Application 4: 100% Flowering.

T4: Sprouting and

T5: Sprouting.

4a Application of the composition according to the invention.

 On this date the trees of the cultivator Tonda di Giffoni were in bud. It was applied in a concentration of 60 g / hl for the treatments T4: Sprouting and T5: Sprouting.

5 ^to application of the composition according to the invention

On this date the trees of the cultivator Tonda di Giffoni was in full budbreak. It was applied in a concentration of 60 g / hL for the treatments T4: Sprouting and T5: Sprouting. 6 ^to application of the composition according to the invention

 In this application the plants were in fruit set, applications were applied to the treatments T4, T5 and T6.

7 ^to application of the composition according to the invention In this application the plants were in developing fruit, the treatments were applied

T4, T5 and T6.

8 ^to application of the composition according to the invention

 In this application the plants were in developed fruit, treatments T5 and T6 were applied.

9 ^to application of the composition according to the invention

 In this application the plants were in mature fruit, applied only to T6 treatment. Evaluations

 Additionally, during the beginning of sprouting stage, the incidence of the disease was evaluated, for this 10 branches were chosen for each tree. The branch was marked from the growth point and then measured to the growth end. At the end of the season, March was measured the length of the twig, to determine the vegetative growth accumulated during the 2016-2017 season.

 At the same time in March, severity of bacteriosis damage was determined in the treatments, evaluating 4 random branches of each tree, determining the percentage of the branch affected with a scale from 0 to 100%.

 The bacterial population was determined in the laboratory of branchlets with necrosis.

The results were analyzed statistically and the means separated by the LSD test with a significance of p <0.05.

Phytotoxicity

 The possible phytotoxic effect of the treatments was determined.

RESULTS

Table 9 shows the results of bacteriosis damage severity for the different treatments, where it was found that the best treatments were T5 and T6 with statistical differences with respect to the control. This means that the composition according to the invention in doses of 60 g / hL applied in 6 or 4 opportunities since sprouting was efficient in reducing the severity of the disease.

Table 9

 * values linked by the same letter do not differ statistically, according to the LSD test p <0.05. There was no phytotoxic effect of the applications of the composition according to the invention in doses of

60 gr / hL in no treatment.

Conclusions of the study:

• During the season in which the trial was conducted, favorable conditions were presented for the development of the Bacterium sis del avellano disease.

• The results indicated that the applications of the composition according to the invention in doses of 60 g / hL had the effect in reducing the severity of the disease.

• The use of the composition according to the invention in a dose of 60 gr / hL applied six times, three applications in sprouting, one in fruit set and two in fruit formed, was effective in reducing the bacterium sis of the hazel.

• The use of the composition according to the invention in doses of 60 gr / hL in four opportunities, one in fruit set, two in developing fruits and one in mature fruit was effective in reducing the severity of bacterial sis in hazel. • The use of the composition according to the invention in a dose of 60 gr / hL applied in spring and summer, represents a good alternative to reduce the bacterium sis of the European hazelnut.

 • There was no phytotoxic effect of the applications of the composition according to the invention in a dose of 60 gr / hl in any treatment.

 Example to evaluate the effectiveness of the composition according to the invention in the control of Botrytis cinérea en frutilla

 A trial was carried out in an orchard with a history of attack of Botrytis cinerea on plants and fruits. The trial was established in a cultivation of strawberry cv Monterrey, with a planting density of 54,000 plants / Ha; 7 plants / m on a row and 1.3 m between rows.

 For this study the composition is as follows:

 In Table 10, the products and the doses applied are indicated, considering a wetting of 400 L / Ha. The applications were made with a manual sprayer machine with nozzle at a cost of 1.0 L / min. Five applications were made depending on the environmental conditions and the pressure of the disease.

 Table 10: Products and doses to apply in the treatments.

invención a 15 días

15 day invention

T3 Phyton 281 Application every 10

 to 15 days

 Commercial T4 Defined by the

 producer

 * With wetting of 400 L / Ha. Evaluations

The incidence of rot in the field was determined by determining the number of fruits with rot by Botrytis cinerea, in the 3 linear meters of the culture table of each repetition, for which 10 plants were evaluated for each repetition.

In addition, the incidence of postharvest rot was determined, determining the number of fruits with symptoms of Botrytis cinerea, at 15 days post harvest, for which 15 fruits were harvested per repetition and were kept at a temperature of 5 ° C, during 15 days. Subsequently, the incidence of rot of each repetition was evaluated. Experimental design and statistical analysis

A randomized complete blocks design was carried out, with 4 treatments per block and 4 repetitions for each one (Annex 1). The size of the plots was 3.0 m long x 2.6 m wide. The data obtained from the evaluations were submitted to an ANDEVA, after an angular transformation of Bliss for the case of the percentages. When there were significant statistical differences, the means were subjected to the Tukey Multiple Comparison Test (p <0.05). Results

In Tables 11 and 12, the results of the field evaluations of the presence of gray rot in the fruit and in the plant are observed, mainly affecting foliage. Table 11: Percentage of rot incidence in fruits by Botrytis cinerea.

 % Rot treatments

Commercial 2.23 A Phyton 3.23 A

 Composition of the invention 3.83 A

 Witness 7,08 A

 Stocks with a common letter are not significantly different (p> 0.05)

 In the case of the incidence of fruit rot by Botrytis cinerea in the field (Table 12), the composition of the invention obtained an efficient control of gray rot compared to the control treatment, significantly differentiating it from it, its control being comparable to the commercial treatment .

In Table 12, it can be seen that the lower incidence of postharvest decay was obtained with the pre-harvest treatments with Phyton and the composition according to the invention. Both treatments obtained a statistically significant control over the control treatment and also in this case the commercial treatment, defined by the producer. Table 12: Percentage of rot incidence in fruits in post harvest.

 Stocks with a common letter are not significantly different (p> 0.05)

Figure 18 A. Presence of gray rot in fruit after harvest in the control treatment. B. Post harvest fruit of the treatment carried out with the composition according to the invention. Conclusions of the study

The applications of the composition of the invention are effective for the control of gray rot caused by Botrytis cinerea in strawberries, significantly decreasing the incidence of the disease, with 5 applications made in the phenological stage of the beginning of flowering, full bloom, fruit development , start painting and pre-harvest, with a wetting of 400 L / Ha, at a dose of 100 g / Hl. The data obtained through this test can be extrapolated to species such as Mora and

Raspberry.

 The applications of the composition of the invention have no phytotoxic effects in strawberry plants, with 5 applications in the season at the doses used in the test.

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS

 The composition of the invention aims to be a versatile, flexible, effective and economically competitive solution in the field of agriculture. This mainly because the composition disclosed has a high quality and low phytotoxicity to be used with foliage (first and summer), and in turn, be preferred during the dormancy of the plant (winter), delivering a solution for use throughout the season .

 Furthermore, the composition according to the invention manages, from its components, to control fungi and bacteria with a lower residual effect than other current solutions, as shown in Figure 19.

 The compositions disclosed in the present invention offer a solution for the spring-summer and winter market by solving the two problems described above.

The foregoing specification is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to describe all possible aspects of the present invention. While the invention has been shown in the present document and have been described in detail with respect to several exemplary embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that minor changes to the description and various other modifications, omissions and additions are made without departing from the spirit and scope of them.

Claims

1. A fungicidal and bactericidal composition, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises: • a double salt of ammonium sulfate and copper hexahydrate ((NH ₄ ) ₂ Cu (S0 ₄ ) 2x6H ₂ 0); Y • a copper sulphate pentahydrate salt (CUSO ₄ X5H ₂ O). 2. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because it also comprises copper sulfate trihydrate (CUSO ₄ X3H ₂ O). 3. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because it further comprises copper sulfate tetrahydroxide (Cu ₃ S0 ₄ (OH) ₄ ). 4. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to any of the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because it also comprises amorphous material. 5. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the double salt of ammonium sulfate and copper hexahydrate ((NH4) ₂ Cu (S0 ₄ ) ₂ x6H ₂ 0) is in an amount between 20 and 40% in weight with respect to the total composition. 6. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the copper sulphate pentahydrate salt (CUSO ₄ X5H ₂ O) is in an amount between 10 and 30% by weight with respect to the total composition. 7. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED because the copper sulfate trihydrate (CuS0 ₄ x3H ₂ 0) is in an amount between 5 and 30% by weight with respect to the total composition. 8. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED because the copper sulphate tetrahydroxide (Cu ₃ S0 ₄ (OH) 4) is in an amount between 2 and 15% by weight with respect to the total composition. 9. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED because the amorphous material is in an amount between 5 and 30% by weight with respect to the total composition. 10. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to the preceding claims, CHARACTERIZED because the solubility in water measured at 20 ° C is greater than 95% for a solution of 60 g of composition in 100 L of water. 11. The fungicidal and bactericidal composition according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that its solubility in water measured at 20 ° C is greater than 93% for a solution of 120 g of composition in 100 L of water. 12. A method for preventing and / or treating the infestation of useful plants by bacteria or fungi, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises diluting the composition according to claim 1 in water and applying it to the plants. 13. The method for preventing and / or treating the infestation of useful plants by bacteria or fungi according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises the dilution of the composition between 50 and 130 grams in 100 liters of water. 14. The method for preventing and / or treating the infestation of useful plants by bacteria or fungi according to claim 12 and 13, CHARACTERIZED because the application is made by spraying on the plants. 15. Use of the composition according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because it serves as a bactericide and fungicide in useful plants.