WO2019076813A1 - Elektrochemische anordnung und elektrochemisches system - Google Patents
Elektrochemische anordnung und elektrochemisches system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019076813A1 WO2019076813A1 PCT/EP2018/078075 EP2018078075W WO2019076813A1 WO 2019076813 A1 WO2019076813 A1 WO 2019076813A1 EP 2018078075 W EP2018078075 W EP 2018078075W WO 2019076813 A1 WO2019076813 A1 WO 2019076813A1
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- Prior art keywords
- separator plates
- electrochemical
- support
- plate
- support element
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/036—Bipolar electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
- C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/248—Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
- H01M8/0284—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrochemical arrangement with two metallic separator plates and an electrochemical cell arranged between the metallic separator plates.
- the invention further relates to an electrochemical system having a plurality of such electrochemical assemblies arranged in a stack.
- electrochemical systems usually comprise a stack of electrochemical cells, each separated by separator plates.
- the term electrochemical cell is intended in this document, in particular cells for converting chemical energy into electrical energy (eg fuel cells), to induce a chemical reaction by supplying electrical energy (eg electrolysis cells) or to exchange moisture between gases (eg, humidifier cells).
- the separator plates are formed from two assembled single plates.
- the individual plates of the separator can be joined together materially, for. B. by one or more welded joints, in particular by one or more laser welding joints.
- the separator plates usually each have at least one or more passage openings. Through the passage openings, the media and / or the reaction products can be conducted to the electrochemical cells arranged between adjacent separator plates of the stack or into the inner space formed by the individual plates of the separator plate or be derived from cells or from the interior.
- the mentioned separator plates can, for. B. the electrical contacting of the electrodes of the individual electrochemical cells (eg., Fuel cells) and / or the electrical connection of adjacent cells serve (series connection of the cells).
- the Separatorplatten which may be constructed in particular of two individual plates, and these same individual plates may each have structures or form, the z. B. are designed to supply the arranged between adjacent separator plates electrochemical cells with one or more media and / or for the removal of reaction products.
- the media may be fuels (eg, hydrogen or methanol) or reaction gases (eg, air or oxygen).
- the separator plates or the individual plates can have structures for guiding a cooling medium through the separator plate, in particular for guiding the cooling medium through an interior enclosed by the individual plates of the separator plate.
- Separator plates can thus be designed to pass on the waste heat produced during the conversion of electrical or chemical energy in the electrochemical cell.
- the separator plates for sealing the different media or cooling channels against each other and / or the entire separator plate may be formed to the outside.
- the electrochemical cells also typically each include one or more electrolyte membranes (eg, in the case of fuel cells) or one or more water exchange membranes (eg, in the case of humidifier cells).
- the electrochemical cells can also Gas diffusion layers, which are preferably disposed on either side of the membrane and which can improve the rate of media transfer or media exchange across the membrane.
- the gas diffusion layers can z. B. be designed as metal or carbon nonwoven.
- the separator plates or the individual plates of the separator plates often have sealing elements which are e.g. B. in the form of
- Sealing beads are molded or embossed in the Separatorplatten. In particular, these can be performed as arcuate full beads or full beads with two legs and a roof extending therebetween.
- the sealing elements of adjacent separator plates of the stack typically support one another in order to achieve the sealing effect.
- the sealing elements can consistently achieve a good sealing effect irrespective of the prevailing operating state, it is desirable for the sealing elements to be resilient at least within a predetermined tolerance range, ie. H. reversibly deformable.
- a predetermined tolerance range ie. H. reversibly deformable.
- the sealing elements are deformed beyond the tolerance range, it can lead to plastic, d. H. irreversible deformations of the sealing elements come. If necessary, this can lead to the sealing elements no longer being able to fulfill their sealing effect. This can significantly reduce the efficiency of the system or even make maintenance of the system completely impossible. Will the system be flammable
- the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide an electrochemical arrangement with two separator plates and between the Separatorplatten and sealed by sealing elements electrochemical cell that can withstand the largest possible mechanical loads and thus ensures the safest possible operation.
- the space requirement and the weight of the sought arrangement should hardly rise as against the known solutions.
- an electrochemical system with a plurality of corresponding electrochemical arrangements is to be created.
- the electrochemical device proposed herein comprises at least: first and second metallic separator plates each defining a plate plane and stacked in a stacking direction perpendicular to the plate planes; and
- the separator plates each have at least one sealing element stamped into the separator plate and rising above the respective plate plane, the sealing elements of the separator plates being supported against one another for sealing at least the electrochemical cell arranged between the separator plates.
- the sealing elements of the separator plates are elastically deformable in the stacking direction, so that a distance z of the plate planes of the separator plates can be reversibly reduced by an elastic compression of at least one of the sealing elements of the separator plates at least up to a distance z 2 .
- the electrochemical arrangement proposed here comprises at least one support element, which is respectively arranged between the separator plates and which in a direction parallel to the plate planes of the
- Separator plates is spaced from the sealing elements of Separatorplatten. If the sealing elements are configured as full corrugations, a sealing element comprises the entire full bead. A support element is thus spaced from the entire sealing element and not between the two bead legs of a full bead.
- the sealing elements of the separator plates are formed in such a way and the at least one support element is for the protection of the sealing elements of
- Separator plates before irreversible plastic deformation arranged and designed such that when the distance z of the plate planes of the separator plates from each other due to a force acting in the stacking direction on the separator plates pressing force is reduced to a distance z z z 2 , one for compression or for further compression of only the at least one support element by a distance ⁇ 'in the stacking direction required force F s is greater than a force required for further compression of only the at least one sealing element separator plates to the distance ⁇ ' in the stacking direction force F D.
- the Separatorplatten can be formed in total each of a flat sheet metal, z. B. by a stamping or deep drawing process. If the separator plates consist of more than one plate, the individual plates can each be formed from a flat metal sheet, likewise for example by an embossing or deep-drawing process. The plate levels can then z. B. be defined by those just remained areas of Separatorplatten that have not been deformed by the molding process. Instead of the distance z of the plate planes of the separator plates from each other, the distance z of the separator plates from each other or simply from the plate spacing is discussed below for the sake of simplicity. There is one
- Separator plate defined as the median plane of the plate group.
- the sealing elements of the separator plates can be designed such that the at least one support element can be arranged and designed such that for distances z of the separator plates from each other z ⁇ zi, where zi> z 2 applies, with a further reduction of the distance z
- the at least one support element can be arranged and configured such that the support element has a substantially exponential force-displacement curve for distances z of the separator plates from one another with z ⁇ zi with zi> z 2 .
- the force-displacement curve represents the force F s (z) which must be applied in order to compress only the support element arranged between the separator plates to such an extent that the distance between the separator plates is equal to z.
- This can apply at least in sections in the area z ⁇ zi. However, this applies preferably throughout the entire area
- the sealing elements of the Separatorplatten can be designed such that a reduction of the distance of the separator plates from each other to a value z ⁇ z 3 with z 3 ⁇ z 2 at least one of the sealing elements of
- One or more of the support elements of the at least one support element may be configured such that it / they each at least one Cavity and / or each having a plurality of pores / have.
- one or more of the support members of the at least one support member may each comprise a foamed material or may be wholly or partially formed of a foamed material. It is also layered structures with different elastic-compressible and / or foamed
- the support element or the support elements which comprises the at least one cavity and / or the pores, can in each case be designed such that the at least one cavity and / or the pores are directed onto the separator plates in the stacking direction acting pressing force is completely or at least partially collapsible / are.
- the support element comprising the at least one cavity and / or the pores can then each be designed and arranged in such a way that the at least one cavity and / or the pores are at a distance z
- the resistance of the support element against further compression in the stacking direction is usually determined in each case by the strength or the elasticity of the material or materials from which or from which the support element is respectively formed .
- the at least one support element may further be designed such that its resistance to compression or to further compression in the stacking direction when the cavity and / or the pores are not or only partially collapsed, for. B. for plate spacing z with z> z 2 , mainly not determined by the strength or elasticity of the support element material, but by the geometry of the cavity and / or the pores of the support element or possibly by a pressure of a in the cavity and / or gas trapped in the pores.
- the resistance of the at least one support element against compression or against further compression in the stacking direction can be given a specific dependence on the plate spacing by the formation of the at least one support element with a cavity and / or with pores in this way.
- the sealing elements of the separator plates can be designed in this way and the at least one support element can be arranged and designed such that for plate spacings z with z> z 2 for compressing or further compression of only the at least one sealing element of
- Separator plates by a distance .DELTA. ⁇ "required in the stacking direction force F D is greater than or equal to the force required for compression or further compression of only the at least one support member by the distance ⁇ " in the stacking direction F s .
- This preferably applies at least for plate spacings z with zi ⁇ z ⁇ z 0 .
- the resistance of the at least one sealing element against compression or against further compression of the sealing element in the stacking direction for large plate spacings, namely for plate spacings z with z> zi can be so low that the resistance of the entire arrangement against a reduction of Plate spacing in this area is dominated by the sealing elements of Separatorplatten.
- the arrangement can thus changes the plate spacing, z. B. due to temperature fluctuations occurring during operation, undisturbed or substantially undisturbed yield.
- the at least one support element comprises at least one support element or a plurality of support elements which is arranged and configured such that between at least one of the separator plates and this support element in the stacking direction for z> zi with zi> z 2 each a gap remains.
- This support element or these support elements can then also be arranged and designed such that the at least one intermediate space for z ⁇ zi disappears in each case.
- this support element or these support elements can be arranged and designed such that it / is only in contact with plate plates z with z ⁇ zi in the stacking direction with both separator plates of the arrangement.
- the sealing elements of the separator plates may each comprise a perimeter bead enclosing the electrochemical cell and sealing the electrochemical cell from an environment of the electrochemical assembly.
- the at least one support element can then z. B. comprise at least one support element or a plurality of support members, or in each case in a direction parallel to the plate planes of
- Separator plates extends, is arranged on a side facing away from the electrochemical cell side of the Perimetericke / are.
- This support element or these support elements are therefore arranged outside the region sealed off from the perimeter bead.
- the at least one support element comprises at least one support element, which is arranged within the area sealed by the perimeter bead.
- the at least one support element comprises at least one support element or a plurality of support elements, which at least partially comprise / comprise an electrically insulating material or which is / are at least partially formed from an electrically insulating material.
- the electrically insulating material is then preferably each arranged such that at each distance z of the metallic
- the support elements of the at least one support element is / are formed completely from an electrically insulating material.
- the support elements, which have an electrically insulating material to avoid an electrical short circuit between the separator plates comprise at least those support elements which are arranged outside the area sealed by the perimeter bead.
- At least one or more of the support elements of the at least one support element may comprise a thermoplastic material, a thermoplastic elastomer and / or a ceramic material. It is also conceivable that at least one or more of the support elements of at least one support element comprises / comprise a polymer-based and / or a metallic support fabric. At least one or more of the support elements of the at least one support element can be connected to at least one of the separator plates in a material-locking and / or non-positive and / or positive-locking manner.
- the electrochemical cell may have a frame. Furthermore, the electrochemical cell can have at least one membrane embedded in the frame, in particular an electrolyte membrane or a water transfer membrane. Usually, the membrane is sealingly received between the mutually supporting sealing elements of Separatorplatten. Preferably, a gas diffusion layer is additionally arranged on both sides of the membrane. At least one or more of the support elements of the at least one support element can / can be materially and / or positively connected to the frame.
- At least one or more of the support members of the at least one support member may be configured to be attachable to at least one of the separator plates, e.g. In a direction parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates.
- this support element or these support elements are then in each case releasably attachable to at least one of the separator plates.
- the separator plates usually each have at least one passage opening for passing a medium through the separator plate.
- the at least one sealing element of the separator plates can then each comprise at least one port bead embossed into the separator plate, wherein a respective port bead is arranged around each of the through openings for sealing the through openings.
- One or more of the support elements of the at least one support element can then be arranged on a side of the ports that faces away from the passage opening.
- one or more of the support elements of the at least one support element is / are arranged within the area sealed by the port bead.
- the port beads may then each have bushings that provide fluid communication between that of the
- the at least one support member is in a direction parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates, each spaced from the port bead.
- Each of the separator plates may comprise two metallic single plates.
- Each of the individual plates may comprise at least one sealing element embossed in this single plate and elastic in the stacking direction.
- the sealing elements of the individual plates are then identical to the aforementioned sealing elements of the separator plates.
- each of the individual plates can each have at least one perimeter bead and / or at least one port bead.
- the proposed here electrochemical arrangement may further comprise a holding element, the z. B. is arranged laterally on the stack formed by the separator plates of the arrangement.
- the at least one support element of the arrangement may comprise a plurality of support elements, which are each connected to the holding element or which are each formed integrally with the holding element.
- an electrochemical system having a plurality of electrochemical assemblies of the type previously described, stacked along a common stacking direction. That is, the system's common stacking direction and the stacking directions of the system's arrays are aligned in parallel. If the electrochemical system comprises a holding element of the type described above, this holding element can extend along the stacking direction over a multiplicity of the electrochemical arrangements. The holding element can then be connected to a plurality of support elements of different arrangements of the system or be formed integrally with these support elements.
- FIGS Figures shown Exemplary embodiments of the electrochemical arrangement proposed here and of the electrochemical system proposed here are described in FIGS Figures shown and will be explained in more detail with reference to the following description.
- various essential to the invention or advantageous further education elements are mentioned in the context of these examples, with individual ones of these elements as such for the development of the invention - also removed from the context of the respective example and other features of each example - can be used.
- the same or similar reference numerals are used in the figures for the same or similar elements and their explanation is therefore partially omitted.
- 1 shows schematically an embodiment of an electrochemical system according to the invention having a multiplicity of electrochemical arrangements arranged in a stack and each having two metallic separator plates and one electrochemical cell arranged between the separator plates;
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a metallic according to the invention
- FIG. 3a shows schematically a detail of the electrochemical system of FIG.
- FIG. 3b schematically shows a detail of the electrochemical system from FIG.
- FIG. 4a-c schematically sectional views of an inventive
- FIG. 5a-b schematically supporting elements according to the invention with cavity in a sectional view
- FIG. 6a-c schematically sectional views of an inventive
- Fig. 6d schematically shows force-displacement characteristics of the sealing bead
- FIGS. 7-14 schematically each show a detail of an electrochemical system according to the invention with a multiplicity of electrochemical arrangements in a sectional representation according to various embodiments.
- Fig. 1 shows an inventive electrochemical system 1 with a stack 32 having a plurality of identical metallic separator plates 10, which are stacked along a z-direction 6 and clamped between two end plates 3, 4.
- the z-direction 6 is also called stacking direction.
- the separator plates 10 each comprise two interconnected individual plates 10a, 10b (see eg Fig. 3a).
- the system 1 is a fuel cell stack.
- Each two adjacent Separatorplatten 10 of the stack 32 thus include an electrochemical cell between them, the z. B. the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy is used, and form each with an electrochemical arrangement.
- the stack 32 of the system 1 thus comprises a plurality of electrochemical arrangements which are stacked in the z-direction 6.
- the electrochemical cells usually each have a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 14 having a membrane 15, for. B. an electrolyte membrane, and gas diffusion layers (GDL) 16 includes (see, for example, Fig. 3a).
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- GDL gas diffusion layers
- the system 1 may also be designed as an electrolyzer, compressor or as a redox flow battery.
- Separator plates can also be used in these electrochemical systems. The structure of these separator plates corresponds to the structure of the here explained in more detail separator plates 10, even if the on or through the Separator plates can distinguish guided media.
- the end plate 4 has a multiplicity of media connections 5, via which media can be supplied to the system 1 and can be discharged from the system 1 via the media.
- These system 1 can be fed and discharged from the system 1 media can, for.
- fuels such as molecular hydrogen or methanol, reaction gases such as air or oxygen, reaction products such as water vapor or coolant such as water and / or glycol include.
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a detail of one of the separator plates 10 of the system from FIG. 1.
- the separator plate 10 is formed from two metallic single plates 10a, 10b, of which only the first single plate 10a is visible in FIG the second single plate 10b hidden.
- the individual plates 10a, 10b may each be made of a metal sheet, for. B. from a stainless steel sheet.
- the individual plates 10a, 10b have mutually aligned passage openings which form passage openings IIa, IIb, 11c of the separator plate 10.
- the passage openings 11a-c of the separator plates 10 form
- each of the lines formed by the through-holes 11a-c are each in fluid communication with one of the media ports 5 in the end plate 4 of the system 1.
- the lines formed by the through-holes 11a, 11b serve to supply the electrochemical
- coolant can be introduced into the stack 32 or discharged from the stack 32 via the line formed by the passage 11c.
- the first single plate 10a on sealing elements in the form of port pitches 12a-c which are each arranged around the through holes lla-c around and completely enclose the through holes lla-c respectively.
- the port pitches 12a-c are each formed in the single plate 10a, in particular embossed.
- FIG. 10b shows the rear side facing away from the observer of FIG Separator plate 10 corresponding Porticken for sealing the through holes lla-c (not shown).
- the port pitches 12a-c are at least perpendicular to the plane of the plate, which is aligned parallel to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 2, and thus elastic along the z-direction 6, ie reversibly deformable.
- the first single plate 10a on its front side facing the observer of FIG. 2 has a flow field 17 with structures for guiding a medium along the front side of the single plate 10a.
- These structures include, for. B. a plurality of webs and arranged between the webs channels, which are impressed, for example, in the single plate 10 a.
- FIG. 2 shows only a section of the active region 8 on the front side of the separator plate 10.
- the first single plate 10a also on a distribution or collection area 20, which in turn has structures for guiding a medium along the front of the single plate 10a, these structures typically also include webs and disposed between the webs channels.
- the distribution or collection area 20 establishes a fluid connection between the passage opening IIb and the active area 8.
- the passages of the distribution or collection region 20 are in communication with the passage opening IIb via passages 13b through the ports 12b, and with the passage formed by the passage IIb through the passages
- the passage opening IIa or the line formed by the passage opening IIa through the plate stack 32 is usually correspondingly in fluid communication with a distribution and collection area and over this with a flow field.
- the passage opening 11c or the line formed by the passage opening 11c through the stack 32 is in fluid communication with an enclosed or enclosed by the individual plates 10 a, 10 b inner space 22, which is designed to guide a coolant through the separator plate 10.
- Embossed shape of a perimeter bead 12d, the flow field 17 of the active area 8, the distribution or collection area 20 and the passage openings IIa, IIb circulates and these with respect to the passage opening 11c, d. H. relative to the coolant circuit, and seals against the environment of the system 1.
- the flow field 17 of the active area 8 the distribution or collection area 20 and the passage openings IIa, IIb circulates and these with respect to the passage opening 11c, d. H. relative to the coolant circuit, and seals against the environment of the system 1.
- Perimeter bead 12d additionally enclose the passage opening 11c.
- the perimeter bead 12d is like the port pitches 12a-c perpendicular to the plate plane and thus along the z-direction 6 elastic, so reversible deformable.
- the support elements are not shown in Fig. 2, they will be explained only with reference to the following figures.
- FIG. 3a shows a detail of the stack 32 of the electrochemical system 1 from FIG. 1 in a sectional representation, wherein the sectional plane along the line A-A from FIG. 2 is aligned parallel to the x-z plane.
- the stack 32 includes a
- the separator plates 10 of the stack 32 are each formed identically here.
- the separator plates 10 define plate planes oriented perpendicular to the z-direction 6.
- Fig. 3a is clearly seen that the metallic separator plates 10 are each formed of two interconnected metallic individual plates 10a, 10b. The presentation of any existing coatings has been omitted here for the sake of clarity. Shown are also the active areas 8 of the separator plates 10 and the individual plates 10a, 10b, each having a flow field 17 with embossed into the individual plates 10a, 10b channels and webs.
- the structures of the flow fields 17 serve to guide reaction media on the outer sides of the separator plates 10 and to guide a coolant through the interior spaces 22 of the separator plates 10 enclosed by the individual plates 10a, 10b.
- the active regions 8 there is between two adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32 each one
- Membrane electrode unit (MEA) 14 is arranged.
- the MEAs 14 each include a membrane 15, e.g. B. an electrolyte membrane, and on both sides of the membrane 15 arranged Gasdiffusionsla- conditions (GDL) 16.
- GDL 16 are z. B. each formed from a metal or a carbon fabric and allow the guided in the active areas 8 media, the membranes 15 can flow in the areas of the webs of the flow fields 17.
- GDL 16 Gasdiffusionsla- conditions
- Separator plates 10 arranged electrochemical cells with the active regions 8 each sealed by the in the individual plates 10a, 10b embossed, at least in the z-direction 6 elastic perimeter beads 12d. At the edge of the active region 8 and toward the perimeter beads 12d, the membranes 15 are each embedded in a reinforced frame 18.
- Frame 18 is in each case received in a sealing manner between the perimeter beads 12d of adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32.
- the elastic port pitches 12a-c of two adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32 are also supported against one another via the frame 18 and seal those of the through-openings 11a-c that rotate around them, in each case toward the outside and toward the interior of the stack 32 (FIG. not shown in Fig. 3a).
- the plate planes of adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32 have a certain distance along the z-direction 6 of z 0 from each other.
- the beads 12a-d are usually slightly elastically compressed along the z-direction 6 by a bias introduced into the stack 32 via the end plates 3, 4 (see FIG , In this state, the frames 18 each have a thickness ⁇ also determined along the z-direction 6 (see detail figure).
- Fig. 3a it can be seen that the plate spacing z 0 between adjacent
- the height h of the individual plates 10a, 10b embossed perimeter thicknesses 12d is greater than a maximum height along the z-direction 6 of the likewise impressed into the individual plates 10a, 10b structures 17 of the active areas 8 of the arranged between the separator plates 10 electrochemical cells.
- the plate distance z 0 in normal operation of the system 1 can z. B. between 0.4 mm and 2 mm. However, the plate spacing z 0 in normal operation can also assume smaller or larger values.
- the proposed here electrochemical system 1 is distinguished from known systems in particular by the fact that between adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32 each support elements 19a, 19b are arranged.
- the support elements 19a, 19b serve the purpose of protecting the beads 12a-d of the separator plates 10 of the stack 32 from irreversible plastic deformation. Such irreversible plastic deformation of the beads 12a-d may occur when strong mechanical forces act on the stack 32, e.g. B. along the z-direction 6 perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10th
- the support elements act as absorbers 19a, 19b, which are designed to forces acting on the stack 32 in the z-direction 6 and would cause in the absence of the support members 19a, 19b irreversible compression of the beads 12a-d, if possible to completely absorb, thus preventing damage to the beads 12a-d.
- the fuel cell system 1 is used to generate electrical energy in a motor vehicle, such forces z. B. occur in an accident collision. Irreversible plastic deformations of the sealing elements of the separator plates 10 can impair the sealing effect of the sealing elements and lead to leaks of reaction gas and / or coolant. This can affect the efficiency of the system 1 or even make the operation of the system 1 impossible.
- the support members 19a, 19b or at least some of them may, for.
- a thermoplastic material in particular thermoplastics without fiber reinforcement, or a thermoplastic elastomer, eg TPVs esp. EPDM-PP blends or NBR-PP blends, optionally also include extrudable TPUs or be formed entirely from at least one of these materials.
- the support members 19a, 19b may comprise a foamed material, such as a foamed thermoplastic or a foamed thermoplastic elastomer.
- the thermoplastic elastomer may be selected from the group of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPE-U) and thermoplastic styrene block copolymers (TPE-S). They may have an encapsulation and / or an outer skin, which is integral with the actual body of the support element by foam injection molding of the respective thermoplastic elastomer using at least one chemical and / or physical blowing agent, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a low-boiling hydrocarbon, in particular by evaporation or expansion of the propellant may be formed.
- TPE-U thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers
- TPE-S thermoplastic styrene block copolymers
- the support members 19a, 19b or at least some of them may also comprise a ceramic material.
- the support elements 19a, 19b or at least some of them may comprise a polymer-based and / or a metallic support fabric.
- the support elements 19a, 19b may be parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates z. B. each have a rectangular or a round cross-section. However, other forms are conceivable.
- the support members 19a, 19b are arranged in a direction parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates 10, spaced from the port pitches 12a-c and the perimeter bead 12d, respectively.
- a spacing of the support elements 19a, 19b which is parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates 12 should preferably not exceed a maximum distance L max from a bead nearest the respective support element 19a, 19b ,
- the support members 19a are within each of the Perimeter beads 12d enclosed and sealed areas of the
- Separator plates 10 are arranged.
- the support elements 19b are each arranged outside the regions of the separator plates 10 enclosed and sealed by the perimeter beads 12d.
- the support elements 19a, 19b further each materially connected to the frame 18, in which the membranes 15 are embedded.
- the support elements 19a, 19b or at least some of them z. B. also be materially connected to the separator plates 10, as shown for example in Fig. 5.
- the support elements 19a, 19b may be glued to the frame 18 and / or to the separator plates 10 or connected by material application.
- the support members 19a, 19b are mounted on both sides of the frame 18. In particular, in the embodiment of FIG.
- the frame 18 extends in a direction parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates 10 on either side of the perimeter beads 12d, ie both within and outside the region of the separator plates 10 enclosed and sealed by the perimeter beads 12d
- Individual plates 10a, 10b of the separator plates 10 also have respective half-bridges 21a, 21b at their outer edges.
- An outer edge of the frame 18 extends parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates 10 to the outer edge of the separator plates 10, respectively.
- the support elements 19a, 19b are in the embodiment of Fig. 3a along the z-direction 6 each between a separator 10 and the latter
- Separator plate 10 immediately adjacent frame 18 is arranged. Between each of the adjacent support elements 19a, 19b along the z-direction 6, a separator plate 10 and a frame 18 are alternately arranged.
- the support elements 19a, 19b are arranged between the separator plates 10 and in particular along the z-direction 6 dimensioned such that they at least when in the z-direction 6 a pressing force acts on the stack 32, in the absence of the support elements irreversible plastic deformation of the beads 12a-d would cause in the z-direction 6 against each other (see, for example, Fig. 7) and / or against the metallic Support separator plates 10 (see, for example, Fig. 3a) to prevent irreversible plastic deformation of the beads 12a-d.
- a height of the support elements 19a, 19b determined along the z-direction 6 already corresponds to the normal operation of the system 1 when the plate spacing between the plate planes is adjacent
- Perimeter beads 12d of the individual plates 10a, 10b Perimeter beads 12d of the individual plates 10a, 10b.
- the support elements 19a, 19b extend in this case at the plate spacing z 0 in the z-direction 6 respectively to a separator plate 10 and to the frame 18 immediately adjacent to this separator plate 10 and are in contact with both.
- FIG. 3b likewise shows a detail of the stack 32 of the electrochemical system 1 from FIG. 1 in a sectional illustration, the sectional plane running along the line B-B from FIG. 2.
- the individual plates 10a, 10b successively half beads 21a, 21b, a Perimetericke 12d, a combination of Portsicke 12a and half beads 21a ', 21b', which circulates as a combination around the passage opening IIa and a short portion of a distribution area 20th on.
- the port beads 12a and the half bead 21a ' have, in the area facing the distribution area 20, respective passages 13a, which allow a passage of fluid from the passage opening IIa to the distribution area 20 and further to the flow field.
- the MEA does not extend into this area, but rather sections of the frame 18 are arranged between the separator plates 10. As in Fig. 3a, the support members 19b are mounted on the frame portions 18, extending here between the perimeter bead 12d and the port beads 12a.
- FIGS. 4a-c each show schematically in a sectional representation an embodiment of a single plate 10a of the stack 32 and a plate 10a arranged on this support member 19.
- the support member 19 according to the
- FIGS. 4a-c are representative of support elements arranged in each case between two adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32.
- the support element 19 according to FIGS. 4a-c here is thus representative of one or more of the support elements 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d, 19f, 19g, 19h described above and below, in particular also for combinations of these.
- the support member 19 from the FIGS. 4a-c is here connected to the single plate 10a, z. B. by an adhesive bond. In the single plate 10a a perimeter bead 12d is impressed.
- the in Figs. 4a-d may also apply to the port pitches 12a-c or to the entirety of the beads 12a-d (see, for example, FIG. 2).
- FIGS. 4a-c, the perimeter bead 12d and the support member 19 each at a different degree of compression of the stack 32 in the z-direction 6, wherein the degree of compression in each case by the distance z of the plate planes of adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack
- FIGS. 4a-c in each case only a part of the symmetrical arrangement of two separator plates 10 or of two individual plates 10a, 10b, the frame 18 between the separator plates 10 and the individual plates 10a, 10b, respectively, with the thickness ⁇ and that between the separator plates 10 or the support elements 19 arranged between the individual plates 10a, 10b (see, for example, FIG. 3a), the height h along the z-direction 6 is the bead
- the height h of the bead 12d in normal operation of the system 1 may, for. B. assume a value between 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm.
- FIG. 4d shows the force-displacement characteristics F D (z) and F s (z) as continuous functions of the distance z between the plate planes of adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32, wherein the distance values z 0 , z and z 2 , the in the Fign. 4a-c, each highlighted by dashed vertical lines.
- Fig. 4d at the plate spacings z 0 , zi and z 2 shown in FIGS. 4a-c respectively acting on the bead 12d and on the support member 19 forces F D (z 0 ), F D (zi), F s (zi), F D (z 2 ) and F D (z 2 ) as horizontally extending highlighted dashed lines.
- I n Fig. 4d is also acting on the bead 12d and on the support member 19 and z. B. on the end plates 3, 4 introduced into the stack 32 total force
- the characteristic F G (z) can z. B. in the stepwise compression of the stack 32 are recorded by means of a force sensor, wherein the stack 32, the separator plates 10 with the molded beads 12 a - d and between the
- Separator plates 10 arranged support elements 19 comprises (see, for example, Fig. 3a).
- the force sensor can record each of the pressing force exerted on the end plates 3, 4.
- the force can be, for example, for an electrochemical cell and the two limiting them
- the sealing element characteristic F D (z) can z. B. in the stepwise compression of a stack of separator plates of the type of Separatorplatten 10 with the molded-perimeter bead 12d (and possibly in addition to the
- the energy deposited as a result of pressing the perimeter bead 12d along the z-direction 6 in the perimeter bead 12d is in each case given by the corresponding surface under the curve F D (z).
- the energy deposited as a result of a compression of the support element 19 along the z-direction 6 in the support element 19 is in each case given by the corresponding surface under the curve F s (z).
- the force-displacement characteristic curve F D (z) of the bead 12d is clearly the elastic behavior of the bead 12d at plate spacings z with z 3 ⁇ z ⁇ z 0 removable, characterized by the linear course of the characteristic F D (z) in this area ,
- a slight deviation of the characteristic curve F D (z) from an ideal linear profile may be due to the fact that the bead 12d does not completely recover its original undeformed geometry after a first compression ( hysteresis).
- the bead 12d is formed such that an even greater compression of the bead 12d for 3 addition, that leads for plate spacing z with z ⁇ z 3, to an irreversible plastic deformation of the bead 12d.
- the in Figs. 4a-c shown support member 19 has a plurality of pores 23 ren.
- the support member 19 of FIGS. 4a-c made of a foamed
- the pores 23 may be in the unloaded state z. B. be approximately spherical and have typical diameters between 0.01 mm and 0.15 mm.
- the pores 23 of the support element can be completely or at least partially compressed, which changes the course of the support element.
- Characteristic F s (z) significantly influenced.
- significantly different distance ranges with different behavior of the support element characteristic F s (z) in the respective area can be seen on the support element characteristic F s (z).
- the resistance of the support member 19 relative to a compression of the support member 19 in the z-direction 6 significantly determined by the geometry of those structures of the support member 19, which not or not yet completely collapsed Form pores 23.
- the support element characteristic F s (z) which characterizes the resistance of the support element 19 with respect to compression or against further compression of the support element 19, lies continuously below the sealing element characteristic F D (z) of the bead 12 d.
- the force F D required for this plate spacing z to compress or further compress only the bead 12d in the z direction 6 by a distance ⁇ "> 0 applies (z) is greater than or equal to the force at the same plate spacing z for compression or further compression of only the support member 19 in the z-direction 6 by the same distance ⁇ "required force F s (z).
- the support element 19 or the support elements 19 is / are such and in particular along the z-direction 6 dimensioned / are such that the resistance of the stack 32 against compression or against further compression of the stack 32 in the z-direction 6 with only slight deformation of the beads 12a-d of the separator 12, ie at plate intervals z zi ⁇ z ⁇ z 0 , significantly determined by the resistance of the beads 12a-d against further compression.
- the support element 19 and the support elements 19 thus affect the elastic deformability of the beads 12a-d, which is quite desirable at low plate spacings, at plate spacings z with zi ⁇ z ⁇ z 0, thus hardly noticeable.
- the beads 12a-d may cause slight deformations of the separator plates 10 and / or other components in the z-direction 6, e.g. B. caused by the operation of the system 1 temperature fluctuations or other miscellaneous operating conditions, readily yield and thus their Sealing function fully maintained.
- the bead 12d is thus formed and the support member 19 is arranged and designed such that for all plate spacings z with z ⁇ zi for compression or further compression of only the support member 19 by a distance ⁇ '"> 0 in the z-direction 6 required force F s with a further reduction of the plate spacing z grows faster than the force required for further compression only the bead 12d by the same path ⁇ '"in the z-direction 6 force F D.
- zi is here z.
- B the largest plate spacing to which this relation applies.
- the characteristic F s (z) may have an exponential profile at least in the region z ⁇ zi.
- the support element characteristic F s (z) and the sealing element characteristic F D (z) intersect.
- the bead 12d may be formed such that the support member 19 may be arranged and formed such that the pores 23 of the support member 19 are completely compressed or collapsed for all of the plate spacings z with z ⁇ z 2 .
- z 2 may be the largest plate spacing at which the pores 23 of the support member 19 are completely compressed or collapsed.
- the bead 12d and the support element 19 are arranged and designed such that the support element characteristic F s (z) for all plate spacings z with z ⁇ z 2 continuously above the sealing element characteristic F D (z) runs. So we have Fs (z)> F D (z) for all plate distances z with z ⁇ z 2 , where z 2 is the largest plate distance to which this relation applies.
- the course of the sealing element characteristic F D (z) is usually determined by the geometry of the bead 12 d and by the material properties of the bead 12 d.
- the course of the sealing element characteristic F D (z) is determined by its height h, its foot width and its flank angle in the unloaded state and by the thickness and / or by the material of the single plate 10a, in which the bead 12d is formed.
- the course of the support element characteristic F s (z) is typically determined by the geometry of the support member 19 and by the material properties of the support member 19. For example, the support member 19 in the in Figs.
- the size of the plate distance zi for which applies
- the value of z x and / or the value of z 2 19 can be reduced to smaller plate spacings out by increasing the average size of the pores 23 of the support member 19 in the unloaded state of the support member.
- the value of zi and / or the value of z 2 can be reduced to smaller plate spacings by increasing the volume fraction of the pores 23 of the support element 19 on the total volume of the support element 19 in the unloaded state of the support element 19a.
- the value of zi and / or the value of z 2 can be increased by increasing the cross-sectional area of the support element 19a parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates 10 or the individual plates 10a, 10b to larger plate spacings.
- Z For example, the value of zi and / or the value of z 2 may be increased by increasing the modulus of elasticity of the material
- Support member 19a are increased toward larger plate intervals.
- the Fign. 5a-b show further conceivable embodiments of supporting elements 19 according to the invention, here denoted as 19c and 19d, in a sectional view along a plane parallel to the z-direction 6 and thus perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10 and the individual plates 10a. 10b is aligned.
- the support members 19c, 19d may in alternative embodiments of the stack 32 z. B. replace all or at least some of the support elements 19a and possibly also 19b in Fig. 3a.
- the support elements 19c, 19d each with a single plate 10a a
- the support members 19c, 19d, or some of them may each also be connected to one of the frames 18 (see Fig. 3a).
- the support elements 19c, 19d each have an outer wall 25 made of an elastic material.
- the outer wall 25 is each formed of a thermoplastic elastomer.
- the support elements 19c, 19d also each have at least one cavity 24 which extends along the z-direction 6. A volume of the cavity 24 in the unloaded state of the support elements 19c, 19d z. B. at least 30 percent or at least 50 percent of the total volume of the respective support member 19c, 19d fulfill.
- the cavities 24 of the support elements 19c, 19d in the z-direction 6 are completely or at least partially collapsible or compressible.
- the compression force required for compressing or partially compressing the support elements along the z-direction 6 depends inter alia on the geometry of the outer wall 25, z. Example of a wall thickness of the outer wall 25, and / or of the modulus of elasticity of the material from which the outer wall 25 is formed.
- the cavities 24 of the support elements 19c, 19d may each be completely enclosed by the outer wall 25.
- the outer walls 25 may also have openings through which a gas contained in the respective cavity 24, for. As air, when compressing the cavity 24 from the cavity 24 can escape. Through such openings in the outer walls, the resistance of the support elements 19c, 19d against compression can be reduced.
- the support element 19d of FIG. 5b differs from the support element 19c of FIG. 5a by a projection 26 which extends along the z-direction 6 and which projects at least partially into the cavity 24.
- Projection 26 may, for. B. connected to the outer wall 25 of the support member 19 d or integrally formed therewith. Due to the elasticity of the material from which the projection 26 is formed and the length of the projection 26 along the z-direction 6, the progression of the force-displacement characteristic of the support element 19d can be influenced in a targeted manner (cf.
- the value of the above-defined plate spacing zi and / or z 2 can be set specifically with the choice of the elasticity of the projection 26 and / or by the choice of the length of the projection 26 along the z-direction 6.
- FIGS. 6a-c show schematically in a sectional view a further embodiment of a single plate 10a of the stack 32 and a further embodiment of a support element 19 arranged on this single plate 10a.
- the support element 19 according to FIGS. 6a-c with its properties described here representative of a further embodiment of a support element or more Supporting elements are disposed between two adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32.
- the support member 19 may be formed of an elastic material, for. B. of a thermoplastic elastomer.
- the support member 19 may be formed homogeneously.
- the support element pores corresponding to the pores 23 of the support member 19 a according to FIGS. 4a-d or at least one cavity 24 corresponding to the cavities 24 of the support elements 19c, 19d according to FIGS. 5a-b may also provided.
- FIGS. 6a-d show the port pitches 12a-c or to the entirety of the beads 12a-d (see, for example, FIG. 2).
- FIGS. 4a-c show FIGS. 6a-c, the perimeter bead 12d and the support member 19a each at a different degree of compression of the stack 32 in the z-direction 6.
- the force-displacement characteristics F D (z) and F s (z) are shown as continuous functions of the distance z between the plate planes of adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32.
- Fign. 4a-d described features and designations are not explained here for simplicity's sake again in detail.
- the arrangement according to FIGS. 6a-c differs from the arrangement according to FIGS. 4a-c, characterized in that the support element 19 according to FIGS. 6a-c with respect to the support element 19 according to FIGS. 4a-c is arranged and formed such that for all plate distances z with z> zi along the z-direction 6, a gap 31 between the support member 19 and the support member 19 immediately adjacent Separatorplatte 10 or between the support member 19 and the support member 19th immediately adjacent frame 18 remains.
- this gap 31 along the z-direction 6 z. B. extend over a length D (see Fig. 6a). This means that along the z-direction 6 certain height of the support member 19 shown in FIGS. 6a-c at the plate spacing z 0 during normal operation of the system 1 is smaller than the height h of the perimeter bead 12d.
- the support element 19 according to FIGS. 6a-c is designed and adapted in this way arranges that said gap 31 first disappears by compressing the stack 32 along the z-direction 6 when the plate spacing of adjacent separator plates 10 of the stack 32 is reduced to the value zi.
- the support element 19 does not oppose the compression of the stack 32 in the z-direction 6.
- F s (z) ⁇ F D (z) for all z with z> z 2
- F s (z)> F D (z) for all z with z ⁇ z 2 .
- the bead 12d and the support element 19 are thus designed such that for all plate spacings z with z ⁇ zi the force F required for compression or further compression of only the support element 19 by a distance ⁇ '"> 0 in the z-direction 6 s with a further reduction of the plate spacing z increases faster than the force required for further compression only the bead 12d by the same path ⁇ '"in the z-direction 6 force F D.
- each z z be 0 .
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional representation, wherein the sectional plane is oriented perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10.
- the stack 32 shown in FIG. 7 by support members 19f of which along the cutting plane and perpendicular to the direction of the perimeter 12d each have an approximately U-shaped cross-section and at the edge of the separator plates 10 z. B. are attached to the separator plates 10.
- the support elements 19f can thus each be positively connected, in particular via the half beads 21a, 21b, to the separator plates 10. Additionally or alternatively the support elements 19f glued to the separator plates 10 or connected in some other way.
- the support elements 19f are arranged along the z-direction 6 on both sides of the separator plates 10 and enclose them, so that they are in contact with both individual plates 10a, 10b of the separator plates 10, respectively. Between adjacent support elements 19f, a gap 31 is provided whose height substantially corresponds to the thickness of the frame 18.
- the support elements 19f may be dimensioned such that they extend at a plate distance z 0 in normal operation on both sides of the separator plate 10, on which they are respectively arranged along the z-direction 6 each at least to the level in which the roof of the perimeter 12d of the individual plates 10a, 10b of this separator plate 10 extends.
- support members 19f are dimensioned along the z-direction 6 such that between adjacent support members 19f along the z-direction
- the support elements 19f are formed such that adjacent support elements 19f contact each other for the first time when the distance between plates of adjacent separator plates 10 is reduced to a value zi ⁇ z 0 as a result of a compression of the stack 32. If adjacent separator plates 10 are in operation at different electrical potentials (such as in a fuel cell stack), it is necessary that the support elements 19f at least in those areas on their surface, along which they due to a compression of the stack
- the support elements 19f may each be coated with an electrically insulating layer.
- the support elements 19f or some of them may also be completely made of an electrically insulating material. be formed the material.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional view, the sectional plane being oriented perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 8 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 7 in that the support elements 19f are each connected to a holding element 27.
- the support elements 19f are thus connected to one another along the z-direction 6 via the holding element 27.
- the holding element 27 extends at the edge of the stack 32 along the z-direction 6 over a plurality of
- the modulus of elasticity of the material of which the support member is formed may be about the same as the modulus of elasticity of the material of which the support members 19f are formed.
- the support members 19f and the holding member 27 are made of the same material and integrally formed. At least in
- Edge region of the stack 32 increases the holding member 27 typically the resistance of the stack 32 against compression of the stack 32 in the z direction 6, wherein the support member 27 at high compression at least partially can escape in the direction away from the plate interior direction.
- FIG. 9 shows schematically a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional representation, the sectional plane being oriented perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 9 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 7 on the one hand in that there are no half-pits on the left outer edge of the separator plates.
- the support elements 19f are each composed of two different materials 19 and 19f "which, for example, counteract a compression along the z-direction 6 at least one of the materials 19f, 19f "to be foamed and pores corresponding to the pores 23 of the support member 19 as shown in FIGS. 4a-c. It may also be two otherwise identical materials that have a different pore content.
- the support elements 19f may be coextruded, for example.
- the materials 19f, 19f form layers parallel to the plate planes the separator plates 10 are aligned and each form a sandwich-like structure with the separator plates 10, which is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the plate plane of the respective separator plate 10.
- the first material 19f of the support element 19f forms the second layer, which is on both sides of the
- Separator plate 10 is in contact with the separator plate 10. And the second material 19f "of the support member 19f forms the third layer, which is in contact with the second layer on both sides of the separator plate 10.
- the course of F s (z) is adjustable in this manner such that F s (z) extends flatly for plate spacings z with zi ⁇ z ⁇ z 0 and that F s (z) runs steeply for plate spacings z with z ⁇ zi etc. (see Fig. 4d).
- FIG. 10 schematically shows a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional view, the sectional plane being oriented perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 10 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 7 in that the support elements 19h according to FIG. 10 each fill a gap 28 which is formed by the half beads 21a, 21b at the edge of the individual plates 10a, 10b.
- the stability of the half beads 21a, 21b and the support members 19h can be further increased.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional view, the sectional plane being oriented perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 11 is a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 8. In FIG.
- the support elements 19g are each in the edge region of the separator plates 10 along the z-direction 6 between the half beads 21a, 21b of adjacent separator plates 10 is arranged.
- the support elements 19g are arranged between the separator plates 10 in such a way that they already approach each other at the plate spacing z 0 in normal operation along the z-direction 6 to two adjacent separator plates 10 and touch them.
- the support members 19g respectively fill the gap 28 between the half beads 21a, 21b.
- the support members 19g are each connected to an integral support member 27 which extends along the z-direction 6 at the edge of the stack 32 over a plurality of separator plates 10.
- the support members 19g and the holding member 27 are made of the same
- FIG. 12 schematically shows a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional view, wherein the sectional plane is oriented perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 12 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 11 in that the support elements 19h according to FIG. 12 extend at least partially in a region 29 parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates 10, that of the half beads 21a, 21b at the edge the separator plates 10 extends to the perimeter beads 12d.
- the support elements 19h fill intermediate spaces 30, which are formed along the z-direction 6 in the region 29 between adjacent separator plates 10, already at a plate spacing z 0 during normal operation.
- FIG. 13 schematically shows a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional representation, wherein the sectional plane is oriented perpendicular to the plate planes of the separator plates 10.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 13 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 a in that the frames 18 do not extend barely beyond the perimeter corrugations 12 d to the edge of the separator plates 10 parallel to the plate planes of the separator plates 10. With a plate spacing z 0 in normal operation, gaps between adjacent support elements 19b thus remain along the z-direction 6.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 13 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 a by filling elements 30, which completely fill the interspace 28 between the half beads 21 a, 21 b of the separator plates 10 in each case Separator plates 10 thus give additional stability.
- Fig. 14 shows a further embodiment of the stack 32 of the system 1 in a sectional view, but here only one electrochemical cell with two individual plates 10a, 10b belonging to two different separator plates is shown.
- the support elements 19b are arranged here on the individual plates 10a, 10b in a region between the perimeter bead 12d and the half-pawls 21a, 21b on the outer edge of the individual plates 10a, 10b.
- the frame 18 does not reach into the area in which the support elements 19b are arranged, so that a gap 31 between the unpressed
- Support elements 19b remains.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16/755,851 US11855314B2 (en) | 2017-10-16 | 2018-10-15 | Electrochemical arrangement and electrochemical system |
| DE112018004560.9T DE112018004560A5 (de) | 2017-10-16 | 2018-10-15 | Elektrochemische Anordnung und elektrochemisches System |
| JP2020520031A JP7214723B2 (ja) | 2017-10-16 | 2018-10-15 | 電気化学装置および電気化学システム |
| CN201880067434.XA CN111247678B (zh) | 2017-10-16 | 2018-10-15 | 电化学装置和电化学系统 |
| KR1020207013640A KR102418532B1 (ko) | 2017-10-16 | 2018-10-15 | 전기 화학적 장치 및 전기 화학적 시스템 |
| JP2023005824A JP2023058510A (ja) | 2017-10-16 | 2023-01-18 | 電気化学装置および電気化学システム |
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| DE202018101235.5U DE202018101235U1 (de) | 2017-10-16 | 2018-03-06 | Elektrochemische Anordnung und elektrochemisches System |
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| US (1) | US11855314B2 (de) |
| JP (2) | JP7214723B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102418532B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN111247678B (de) |
| DE (2) | DE202018101235U1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019076813A1 (de) |
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| JPWO2022244570A1 (de) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | ||
| US20230049148A1 (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-02-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell having a compliant energy attenuating bumper |
| DE102021132476B3 (de) | 2021-12-09 | 2023-04-20 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Batteriezellenanordnung und Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE202022106078U1 (de) | 2022-10-28 | 2024-02-05 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Schockabsorberanordnung |
| DE202022106505U1 (de) | 2022-11-21 | 2024-02-28 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Entlastungssicke |
| DE202022107165U1 (de) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-04-02 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Abstützsicke |
| DE202023104068U1 (de) | 2023-03-20 | 2024-06-24 | Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung und Plattenstapelanordnung |
| WO2024194278A1 (de) | 2023-03-20 | 2024-09-26 | Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung und plattenstapelanordnung |
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| DE202020100346U1 (de) * | 2020-01-23 | 2021-04-26 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplattenanordnung für ein elektrochemisches System |
| DE102021204497A1 (de) | 2020-05-11 | 2021-11-11 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung, Plattenanordnung, elektrochemisches System sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dichtungsanordnung |
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- 2018-10-15 DE DE112018004560.9T patent/DE112018004560A5/de active Pending
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- 2018-10-15 CN CN201880067434.XA patent/CN111247678B/zh active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111987331A (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-24 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 燃料电池用隔板构件和燃料电池堆 |
| JP2020191197A (ja) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池用セパレータ部材及び燃料電池スタック |
| JP7103994B2 (ja) | 2019-05-21 | 2022-07-20 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池用セパレータ部材及び燃料電池スタック |
| CN111987331B (zh) * | 2019-05-21 | 2023-06-06 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | 燃料电池用隔板构件和燃料电池堆 |
| JPWO2022244570A1 (de) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | ||
| WO2022244570A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 冷却構造、バッテリーユニット、及び冷却構造の製造方法 |
| JP7795117B2 (ja) | 2021-05-20 | 2026-01-07 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 冷却構造、バッテリーユニット、及び冷却構造の製造方法 |
| US20230049148A1 (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-02-16 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell having a compliant energy attenuating bumper |
| US12355113B2 (en) | 2021-08-16 | 2025-07-08 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel cell having an energy attenuating bead |
| DE102021132476B3 (de) | 2021-12-09 | 2023-04-20 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Batteriezellenanordnung und Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102023210618A1 (de) | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-08 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Schockabsorberanordnung |
| DE202022106078U1 (de) | 2022-10-28 | 2024-02-05 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Schockabsorberanordnung |
| DE202022106505U1 (de) | 2022-11-21 | 2024-02-28 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Entlastungssicke |
| DE102023132353A1 (de) | 2022-11-21 | 2024-05-23 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches system mit einer entlastungssicke |
| DE202022107165U1 (de) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-04-02 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Abstützsicke |
| DE102023135729A1 (de) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-27 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System mit einer Abstützsicke |
| WO2024194278A1 (de) | 2023-03-20 | 2024-09-26 | Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung und plattenstapelanordnung |
| DE102023106909A1 (de) | 2023-03-20 | 2024-09-26 | Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung und Plattenstapelanordnung |
| DE202023104068U1 (de) | 2023-03-20 | 2024-06-24 | Ekpo Fuel Cell Technologies Gmbh | Dichtungsanordnung und Plattenstapelanordnung |
| DE102024109557A1 (de) | 2024-04-05 | 2025-10-09 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Zelltrennelement mit integriertem Abstandshalter, Batteriemodul und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Zelltrennelements |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20200069345A (ko) | 2020-06-16 |
| CN111247678B (zh) | 2023-09-12 |
| KR102418532B1 (ko) | 2022-07-07 |
| DE202018101235U1 (de) | 2019-01-17 |
| US11855314B2 (en) | 2023-12-26 |
| US20210202963A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
| CN111247678A (zh) | 2020-06-05 |
| JP2023058510A (ja) | 2023-04-25 |
| DE112018004560A5 (de) | 2020-06-04 |
| JP7214723B2 (ja) | 2023-01-30 |
| JP2020537296A (ja) | 2020-12-17 |
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