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WO2019072811A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur de courant, électrode et élément de batterie - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur de courant, électrode et élément de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019072811A1
WO2019072811A1 PCT/EP2018/077415 EP2018077415W WO2019072811A1 WO 2019072811 A1 WO2019072811 A1 WO 2019072811A1 EP 2018077415 W EP2018077415 W EP 2018077415W WO 2019072811 A1 WO2019072811 A1 WO 2019072811A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
collector foil
laser beam
electrode
battery cell
collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/077415
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Kretschmar
David Thomann
Martin Scherner
Johannes Proell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2019072811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019072811A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B23K26/0821Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head using multifaceted mirrors, e.g. polygonal mirror
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B23K26/0838Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt
    • B23K26/0846Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt for moving elongated workpieces longitudinally, e.g. wire or strip material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/354Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by melting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/355Texturing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0435Rolling or calendering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a current conductor for an electrode of a battery cell by providing a band-shaped
  • Collector foil moving the collector foil in a longitudinal direction and guiding a laser beam in a plurality of paths across an upper side of said one
  • the invention also relates to an electrode for a battery cell and a battery cell.
  • Electrical energy can be stored by means of batteries. Batteries convert chemical reaction energy into electrical energy. Here are batteries.
  • Primary batteries and secondary batteries distinguished. Primary batteries are only functional once, while secondary batteries, also referred to as accumulators, are rechargeable. In particular, so-called lithium-ion battery cells are used in an accumulator. These are characterized among other things by high energy densities, thermal stability and extremely low self-discharge. Lithium-ion battery cells have a positive electrode, also known as
  • Cathode is called, and a negative electrode, which is also referred to as anode on.
  • the cathode and the anode each comprise a generally metallic current collector, on which an active material is applied.
  • the electrodes of the battery cell are formed like a foil and, with the interposition of a separator, which separates the anode from the cathode, for example wound into an electrode winding.
  • the electrodes may also be stacked into an electrode stack or in some other way form an electrode unit.
  • the two electrodes of the electrode unit are electrically connected to poles of the battery cell, which are also referred to as terminals.
  • the electrodes and separator are surrounded by a generally liquid electrolyte.
  • the battery cell further comprises a cell housing, which is made of aluminum, for example.
  • the cell housing is usually prismatic, in particular cuboid, designed and pressure-resistant. But other forms of housing, such as circular cylindrical, or flexible pouch cells are known.
  • a surface of the current conductor is structured or roughened.
  • Such structuring can be generated, for example, by means of a laser beam which is guided over the surface.
  • a thin film battery which has a current collector with a structured surface.
  • the structuring on the surface of the current conductor is produced by material removal by means of a laser beam.
  • the document US 2010/0112452 Al discloses a current collector for a battery which has a metal foil.
  • a surface of the metal foil has protrusions and depressions.
  • the projections and depressions are generated by means of a laser beam. Disclosure of the invention
  • a method for producing a current conductor for an electrode of a battery cell is proposed.
  • the electrode may be an anode or a cathode.
  • the method comprises at least the steps listed below.
  • a band-shaped collector foil is provided.
  • the collector foil is wound on a roll and has in particular
  • the collector foil is made of copper, for example.
  • the collector foil is made of aluminum, for example. The collector foil is then moved in a longitudinal direction. For example, the collector foil is unwound from the roll.
  • a laser beam is guided in a plurality of paths across an upper surface of the collector film in a transverse direction while the collector film is moved in the longitudinal direction.
  • the laser beam may be, for example, a
  • Nanosecond laser or a continuous wave laser are conceivable.
  • the laser beam exits from a laser source and is before reaching the top of the collector film of a rotating polygon of a
  • Polygon scanner deflected By means of the rotating polygon wheel, the laser beam is always guided in the same direction, in particular in parallel paths over the top of the collector foil.
  • the polygon wheel rotates such that the deflected by a side surface of the polygon wheel
  • Laser beam is guided in exactly one path over the top of the collector foil.
  • Polygonrad deflected laser beam deflected before reaching the top of the collector foil by a movable mirror unit By the movement of the mirror unit, an alignment of the laser beam can be further specified.
  • the movement of the collector foil in the longitudinal direction can be compensated by a corresponding movement of the mirror unit.
  • the polygon wheel deflects the laser beam in a direction referred to as "fast axis”
  • the mirror unit deflects the laser beam in a direction referred to as "slow axis”.
  • the mirror unit is preferably moved by a galvanometer drive.
  • Galvanometer drives are known for example from Wikipedia and are used for the relatively fast drive mirrors.
  • the laser beam is guided over the top of the collector foil in such a way that material of the collector foil located near the upper side is melted. Only material up to a certain penetration depth is melted. In particular, material of the collector foil, which is located near the bottom, which is opposite to the top, is not melted, but remains in a solid state. The material of the collector foil near the top is liquid only for a short time and solidifies shortly afterwards.
  • the laser beam is thereby over the top of the
  • the said droplets are formed as a result of different surface tensions of the liquid material of the
  • Collector foil Said effect is also known as Marangoni convection.
  • the shape of the droplets remains at least approximately preserved when the material of the collector foil solidifies again.
  • the solidified droplets now form convex elevations, which extend in a vertical direction of the collector foil.
  • the vertical direction is perpendicular to the transverse direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the transverse direction in which the laser beam in multiple tracks over the top of the
  • Collector film is moved, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, in which the collector foil is moved.
  • the transverse direction in which the laser beam is moved in a plurality of tracks over the top of the collector foil, inclined to the longitudinal direction, in which the collector foil is moved is inclined to the longitudinal direction, in which the collector foil is moved.
  • an electrode for a battery cell which comprises at least one current conductor, which is produced by the method according to the invention.
  • a battery cell which comprises at least one electrode according to the invention.
  • the inventive method allows a generation of a
  • Structuring forms anchoring possibilities for active material, which is applied to the current conductor for the production of an electrode.
  • the coarse structuring advantageously improves the adhesion of the active material to the current conductor in the production of the electrode. This is the result
  • Electrodes with extremely high processing speeds, as it is necessary for mass production can be produced.
  • the thermal influence on the collector foil exerted by the laser beam can be advantageously regulated, controlled and advantageously exploited for the production of a desired surface roughening of the collector foil.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a battery cell, a schematic representation of an arrangement for producing a Stromableiters in side view, a schematic sectional view of the arrangement of Figure 2 along the section line AA, a schematic sectional view of the arrangement of Figure 2 along the section line BB, a schematic sectional view of Arrangement of Figure 2 along the section line CC and a schematic, perspective view of a portion of the arrangement for producing a Stromableiters of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a battery cell 2
  • Battery cell 2 comprises a housing 3, which is prismatic, in the present cuboid, is formed.
  • the housing 3 is designed to be electrically conductive and manufactured, for example, from aluminum.
  • the battery cell 2 comprises a negative terminal 11 and a positive terminal 12. Via the terminals 11, 12, a voltage provided by the battery cell 2 can be tapped off. Furthermore, the battery cell 2 can also be charged via the terminals 11, 12.
  • an electrode unit 10 is arranged, which, for example, as an electrode stack or as
  • the electrode unit 10 has two electrodes, namely an anode 21 and a cathode 22.
  • the anode 21 and the cathode 22 are each designed like a film and separated by a separator 18 from each other.
  • the separator 18 is ionically conductive, that is permeable to lithium ions.
  • the anode 21 comprises an anodic active material 41 and a current conductor 31.
  • the current conductor 31 of the anode 21 is made electrically conductive and made of a metal, for example of copper.
  • the current conductor 31 of the anode 21 is electrically connected to the negative terminal 11 of the battery cell 2.
  • the cathode 22 comprises a cathodic active material 42 and a
  • the current collector 32 of the cathode 22 is made electrically conductive and made of a metal, for example aluminum.
  • the current collector 32 of the cathode 22 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 12 of the battery cell 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement for producing a Stromableiters 31, 32 of an electrode 21, 22 of the battery cell 2 of Figure 1 in side view.
  • the electrode 21, 22 may be the anode 21 or the cathode 22.
  • a collector foil 51 is wound on a roll 54. If the current conductor 31 of the anode 21 is produced, then the collector foil 51 is made of copper. If the current conductor 32 of the cathode 22 is produced, then the collector foil 51 is made of aluminum.
  • the collector foil 51 is unwound from the roller 54, deflected several times and then moved in a longitudinal direction x. For example, the
  • Collector film 51 thereby moved at a speed of 30 m / min to 150 m / min in the longitudinal direction x.
  • a laser beam 80 is passed over the collector foil 51, while the
  • Collector film 51 is moved in the longitudinal direction x. Irradiation with the laser beam 80 generates a structuring in the form of droplets 57 on the collector foil 51. This results in the current conductor 31, 32 of the electrode 21, 22.
  • the formation of said patterning on the collector foil 51 and the current conductor 31, 32 of the electrode 21, 22 is described in detail in the following figures.
  • the active material 41, 42 is applied in the form of a viscous slurry on the current conductor 31, 32 and distributed by means of a doctor blade 65.
  • the active material 41, 42 is subsequently dried, for example by means of an infrared radiation 69.
  • the thickness of the active material 41, 42 is reduced to about 20 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the active material 41, 42 is the extent of the active material 41, 42 in a vertical direction z, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction x.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of the arrangement from FIG. 2 along the section line AA.
  • the collector foil 51 has an upper side 55 and an underside 56 lying opposite the upper side 55.
  • the upper side 55 and the lower side 56 of the collector foil 51 each have a relatively smooth surface.
  • the thickness of the collector foil 51 is presently about 15 ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the collector foil 51 is the extent of the collector foil 51 in the vertical direction z, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction x and perpendicular to a transverse direction y.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional illustration of the arrangement from FIG. 2 along the section line B-B.
  • a laser beam 80 is placed over the top surface 55 of FIG. 4
  • the laser beam 80 may be, for example, a nanosecond laser or a continuous wave laser.
  • the laser beam 80 penetrates into the collector foil 51 in the vertical direction z up to a certain penetration depth. In this case, near the top 55 befindliches material of the collector foil 51 is melted. The material of the collector foil 51 is only up to the said penetration depth
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional illustration of the arrangement from FIG. 2 along the section line C-C.
  • the molten material of the collector foil 51 forms droplets 57.
  • the said droplets 57 are formed as a result of different surface tensions of the liquid material of the
  • Collector foil 51 at the top 55 is also known as Marangoni convection.
  • Collector film 51 solidifies again.
  • the solidified droplets 57 form convex elevations which extend in the vertical direction z. The result is the current conductor 31, 32 of the electrode 21, 22.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of a part of the arrangement for producing a current conductor 31, 32 from FIG. 2.
  • the laser beam 80 exits from a laser source 82 and is deflected before reaching the upper side 55 of the collector foil 51.
  • the laser beam 80 is in a plurality of tracks 60 are guided over the top 55 of the collector foil 51, while the collector foil 51 is moved in the longitudinal direction x.
  • the webs 60 run parallel to each other in the transverse direction y.
  • the laser beam 80 is first deflected by a rotating polygon wheel 70 of a polygon scanner.
  • the polygon wheel 70 rotates about an axis of rotation 75 and has a plurality, in the present case eight, side surfaces 71.
  • the axis of rotation 75 runs parallel to the side surfaces 71.
  • Each two adjacent side surfaces 71 abut on a common edge 72.
  • the number of side surfaces 71 thus corresponds to the
  • edges 72 are parallel to the axis of rotation 75th
  • Polygon wheel 70 deflected laser beam 80 in addition from a movable
  • the mirror unit 90 deflected.
  • the mirror unit 90 is a
  • Moving axis 95 is movable and is moved by a galvanometer 92.
  • the movement of the mirror unit 90 for example, the movement of the collector foil 51 in the longitudinal direction x is compensated.
  • the laser beam 80 is always guided in the same direction in the parallel tracks 60 over the upper side 55 of the collector foil 51.
  • the laser beam 80 moves on the upper side 55 of the collector foil 51 at a speed of up to 1000 m / s in the said webs 60 in the transverse direction y.
  • the laser beam 80 hits after exiting the laser source 82 on one of the side surfaces 71 of the polygon wheel 70.
  • the polygon wheel 70 is such

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé destiné à fabriquer un collecteur de courant (31, 32) destiné à une électrode d'un élément de batterie, comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à: fournir une feuille de collecteur en forme de bande (51), déplacer la feuille de collecteur (51) dans une direction longitudinale (x), guider un faisceau laser (80) dans plusieurs voies (60) sur une face supérieure (55) de la feuille de collecteur (51) dans une direction transversale (y) pendant le déplacement de la feuille de collecteur (51) dans la direction longitudinale (x), le faisceau laser (80) sortant d'une source laser (82) et étant renvoyé par une roue polygonale rotative (70) avant d'atteindre la face supérieure (55) de la feuille de collecteur (51). L'invention concerne également une électrode destinée à un élément de batterie, qui comprend au moins un collecteur de courant (31, 32) fabriqué d'après le procédé selon l'invention, ainsi qu'un élément de batterie qui comprend au moins une électrode selon l'invention.
PCT/EP2018/077415 2017-10-11 2018-10-09 Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur de courant, électrode et élément de batterie Ceased WO2019072811A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017218130.3 2017-10-11
DE102017218130.3A DE102017218130A1 (de) 2017-10-11 2017-10-11 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stromableiters, Elektrode und Batteriezelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019072811A1 true WO2019072811A1 (fr) 2019-04-18

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DE (1) DE102017218130A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019072811A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210159502A1 (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-05-27 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrode components with laser induced surface modified current collectors and methods of making the same
CN112928280A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-08 中国科学院金属研究所 一种金属锂负极用铜箔的图案化方法
TWI833362B (zh) * 2021-09-22 2024-02-21 日商川崎重工業股份有限公司 雷射加工方法

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DE102020112500A1 (de) 2020-05-08 2021-11-11 Einhell Germany Ag Kontaktlose Aufbereitung einer Trägerfolie für eine Elektrode eines Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulators
DE102021205500A1 (de) 2021-05-31 2022-12-01 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Batterieelektrode
DE102024114383A1 (de) * 2024-05-23 2025-11-27 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Elektrode, Verfahren zur Herstellung der Elektrode und Batterie aufweisend die erfindungsgemäße Elektrode

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JP2002346775A (ja) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-04 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd レーザ加工装置及び方法
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US20100112452A1 (en) 2007-10-30 2010-05-06 Nishimura Takuhiro Battery current collector, method for producing the same, and non-aqueous secondary battery
DE112009001247T5 (de) * 2008-05-26 2011-04-14 Hana Engineering Co., Ltd. Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Laser-Oberflächenbehandlung unter Anwendung von Strahlquerschnittsformung und eines Polygonspiegels
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210159502A1 (en) * 2019-11-27 2021-05-27 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrode components with laser induced surface modified current collectors and methods of making the same
US11984599B2 (en) * 2019-11-27 2024-05-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrode components with laser induced surface modified current collectors and methods of making the same
CN112928280A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-08 中国科学院金属研究所 一种金属锂负极用铜箔的图案化方法
CN112928280B (zh) * 2021-03-10 2022-06-07 中国科学院金属研究所 一种金属锂负极用铜箔的图案化方法
TWI833362B (zh) * 2021-09-22 2024-02-21 日商川崎重工業股份有限公司 雷射加工方法

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