WO2018230617A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びに該液晶配向膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びに該液晶配向膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018230617A1 WO2018230617A1 PCT/JP2018/022635 JP2018022635W WO2018230617A1 WO 2018230617 A1 WO2018230617 A1 WO 2018230617A1 JP 2018022635 W JP2018022635 W JP 2018022635W WO 2018230617 A1 WO2018230617 A1 WO 2018230617A1
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- 0 *(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound *(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, a liquid crystal display element using the same, and a method for producing the liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent suitable for a VA mode liquid crystal display element that makes liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the substrate respond by an electric field, a liquid crystal alignment film, the liquid crystal display element using the same, and the liquid crystal alignment film It relates to a manufacturing method.
- Liquid crystal display elements are widely used in personal computers, mobile phones, smartphones, televisions and the like. In recent years, liquid crystal display elements are frequently used at high temperatures and high humidity, such as car navigation systems and meters mounted on vehicles, and display units of industrial equipment and measurement equipment installed outdoors.
- this type of liquid crystal display device controls the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between an element substrate and a color filter substrate, a pixel electrode and a common electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer.
- a liquid crystal alignment film, a thin film transistor (TFT) for switching an electric signal supplied to the pixel electrode, and the like are provided.
- a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a pixel electrode and a common electrode functions as a liquid crystal cell.
- VHR Voltage Holding Ratio
- the display contrast decreases due to use under high temperature and high humidity, long-term use, etc., and flickering (flickering) occurs in the display, making it difficult to see the display.
- One of the driving methods of such a liquid crystal display element is a method (also referred to as a vertical alignment (VA) method) in which liquid crystal molecules aligned vertically to a substrate are responded by an electric field.
- a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element a photopolymerizable compound is added in advance to a liquid crystal composition, and a vertical alignment film such as a polyimide system is used.
- PSA Polymer Sustained Alignment
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and a liquid crystal alignment agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film capable of securing a high voltage holding ratio over a long period of time even under high temperature and high humidity, the liquid crystal alignment film, and the same
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal and a method for producing the liquid crystal alignment film.
- An embodiment of the present invention that solves the above problems includes a diamine having a structure of the following formula (1) and at least one diamine having a side chain structure selected from the group represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3].
- a liquid crystal containing a diamine component and a polyimide precursor obtained from a tetracarboxylic acid component (including a tetracarboxylic acid derivative component) and / or a polyimide polymer that is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor In the alignment agent.
- a 1 and A 5 each independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 2 and A 4 each independently represent 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a 3 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylene group
- B 1 and B 2 each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N.
- (CH 3 ) —, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —N (CH 3 ) CO— is represented by D 1 by heat.
- a 2 and A 3 when a is 1), A 3 and A 4 (when a is 1), or A 2 and A 4 ( (when a is 0), they are not bonded to each other. * represents a site bonded to another group.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, — CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or — ((CH 2 ) a1 —A 1 ) m1 —, wherein a1 is independently A plurality of A 1 s each independently represent an oxygen atom or —COO—, and m 1 is 1 to 2.
- G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a carbon number of 6 Represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a divalent aromatic group having 12 to 12 carbon atoms or a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group has 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- R 1 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen forming R 1 may be substituted with fluorine. Good.
- X 3 represents a single bond, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—
- R 2 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons, and any hydrogen forming R 2 may be substituted with fluorine.
- X 4 represents —CONH—, —NHCO—, —O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- R 3 represents a structure having a steroid skeleton.
- the diamine having the structure of the formula (1) preferably has a structure represented by the following formula (1 ′′).
- the diamine having the structure of the formula (1) is preferably at least one member of the group represented by the following formulas (1-1) to (1-18).
- the diamine component preferably contains a diamine having a side chain structure represented by the formula [S1].
- the diamine having a side chain structure represented by the formula [S1] is preferably at least one member of the group represented by the following formulas [S1-x1] to [S1-x7].
- R 1 is the same as in the formula [S1].
- X p is — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15) And —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—, wherein A 1 represents an oxygen atom or —COO— * (the bond with “*” is bonded to (CH 2 ) a2 ) A 2 is an oxygen atom or * —COO— (the bond with “*” is (CH 2 ) a2 .
- a 1 representing the binding to) a is an integer of 0 or 1
- a 2 is .Cy an integer of 2 to 10 represents a cyclohexylene group or 1,4-phenylene group 1,4-cyclohexylene .)
- R 2 is preferably alkyl having 3 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons.
- the diamine having a side chain structure represented by the formula [S3] is preferably a diamine represented by the following formula [S3-x].
- X represents the formula [X1] or [X2].
- Col represents at least one selected from the group consisting of the formulas [Col1] to [Col4], and G represents And represents the formula [G1] or [G2]. * Represents a site bonded to another group.
- the diamine component preferably contains a double-sided diamine having the structure of the following formula [1].
- X represents a single bond, —O—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, — (CH 2 ) m —, —SO 2 — and any thereof.
- M represents an integer of 1 to 8.
- Two Y's are each independently at least 1 selected from the group represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3]. Represents one side chain structure.
- liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of the above.
- liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film described above.
- Another aspect of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a step of coating the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of the above on a substrate to form a coating film, and a step of baking the coating film. And a step of aligning the film obtained by firing.
- a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film is a step of coating the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of the above on a substrate to form a coating film, and a step of baking the coating film.
- a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film is a step of coating the liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of the above on a substrate to form a coating film, and a step of baking the coating film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is possible to provide a liquid crystal alignment film capable of securing a high voltage holding ratio over a long period of time even under high temperature and high humidity, and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal alignment film. That is, according to the liquid crystal alignment film, the liquid crystal display element, and the method for producing the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention, it is possible to meet the expectation for the characteristics of the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element accompanying the recent high performance.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this embodiment contains a diamine having a structure of the following formula (1) and at least one diamine having a side chain structure selected from the group represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3].
- a polyimide precursor obtained from a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component and / or a polyimide polymer which is an imidized product of the polyimide precursor is contained.
- the diamine having the structure of the formula (1) may be referred to as “diamine having a specific structure” or “specific diamine”.
- at least one diamine having a side chain structure selected from the group represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3] may be referred to as a “diamine having a specific side chain structure”.
- the above polymer containing the specific diamine of the present invention and a diamine having a specific side chain structure may be referred to as a “specific polymer”.
- the specific diamine has a structure represented by the following formula (1).
- a 1 and A 5 each independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- a single bond or a methylene group is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity with the functional group in the sealing material for bonding the upper and lower substrates.
- a 2 and A 4 each independently represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a methylene group or an ethylene group.
- a 3 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylene group, and a methylene group or an ethylene group is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity with a functional group in the sealing material.
- B 1 and B 2 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO. —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —N (CH 3 ) CO— is represented. From the viewpoint of the orientation of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film, a single bond or —O— is preferable.
- D 1 represents a protecting group that is replaced with a hydrogen atom by heat.
- D 1 functions as an amino-protecting group, and its structure is not limited as long as it is a functional group that can be replaced by a hydrogen atom by heat.
- D 1 is preferably not desorbed at room temperature, more preferably a protecting group desorbed by heat of 80 ° C. or higher, and 100 ° C. or higher, particularly 120 ° C. or higher. More preferred are leaving protecting groups.
- the desorption temperature is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 230 ° C. or lower. Desorption temperatures that are too high can lead to polymer degradation.
- Examples of such D 1 include a tert-butoxycarbonyl (t-Boc) group, a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group, and the like. Of these, a t-Boc group is preferred from the viewpoint of detachability depending on temperature.
- a is 0 or 1.
- a 2 and A 3 (when a is 1), A 3 and A 4 (when a is 1), or A 2 and A 4 (when a is 0) are not bonded to each other. That is, when a is 1, a ring is not formed by A 2 and A 3 , A 3 and A 4, and the N atom bonded to D 1 does not constitute a part of the ring. Similarly, when a is 0, A 2 and A 4 do not form a ring, and the N atom bonded to D 1 does not form part of the ring.
- * represents the site
- the bonding position of A 1 and / or A 5 with respect to the benzene ring may be any of the ortho position, the meta position, and the para position, but the para position is preferable from the viewpoint of the liquid crystal alignment property of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the formula (1) is preferably the following formula (1 ′) or the following formula (1 ′′).
- specific examples of the specific diamine represented by the above formula (1) include, for example, the following formulas (1-19) to (1-21).
- the method for synthesizing the specific diamine is not particularly limited.
- a method of using a dinitro compound having a structure corresponding to the structure represented by the above formula (1) and converting the nitro group to an amino group by a reduction reaction can be mentioned.
- the catalyst used for the reduction reaction may be any activated carbon-supported metal available as a commercially available product, but generally used palladium-activated carbon is preferable because good results are easily obtained. In order to make the reduction reaction proceed more effectively, the reaction may be carried out in the presence of activated carbon.
- combination of specific diamine is a solvent which does not react with each raw material, it can be used without a restriction
- a solvent can be used by 1 type (s) or 2 or more types, and can also be used as a non-aqueous solvent by drying a solvent using a suitable dehydrating agent or a desiccant.
- the bilateral diamine which may be contained as a diamine component is represented, for example by following formula [1].
- X represents a single bond, —O—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, —NHCO—, —COO—, — (CH 2 ) m —, It represents a divalent organic group consisting of —SO 2 — or any combination thereof.
- X is preferably a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —O— (CH 2 ) m —O—.
- Examples of “any combination thereof” include —O— (CH 2 ) m —O—, —O—C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CO— (CH 2 ) m —, —NH— (CH 2) m -, - SO 2 - (CH 2) m -, - CONH- (CH 2) m -, - CONH- (CH 2) m -NHCO -, - COO- (CH 2) m -OCO- , etc.
- m is an integer of 1 to 8.
- two Y's each independently represent at least one side chain structure selected from the group represented by formulas [S1] to [S3]. Details of the side chain structures represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3] will be described later.
- Y may be in the meta position or in the ortho position from the position of X, but is preferably in the ortho position. That is, the formula [1] is preferably the following formula [1 ′].
- the position of the two amino groups may be any position on the benzene ring, but in the following formulas [1] -a1 to [1] -a3 The represented position is preferable, and the following formula [1] -a1 is more preferable.
- X is the same as in the above formula [1].
- the following formulas [1] -a1 to [1] -a3 are for explaining the positions of the two amino groups, and the Y notation represented in the above formula [1] is omitted.
- the above formula [1] is selected from the following formulas [1] -a1-1 to [1] -a3-2
- the structure represented by the following formula [1] -a1-1 is more preferable.
- X and Y are the same as those in the formula [1].
- Double side chain diamines represented by the above formula [1] can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- one kind may be used alone or a mixture of two or more kinds, and when two or more kinds are used in combination, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted. .
- the diamine having a specific side chain structure has at least one side chain structure selected from the group represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3].
- the diamine having the specific side chain structure will be described in the order of the formulas [S1] to [S3].
- diamine having a specific side chain structure there is a diamine having a specific side chain structure represented by the following formula [S1].
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, — CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or — ((CH 2 ) a1 —A 1 ) m1 — is represented.
- the plurality of a1 are each independently an integer of 1 to 15
- the plurality of A 1 are each independently an oxygen atom or —COO—
- m 1 is 1 to 2.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond or — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15) from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis. , —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO— are preferred, a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or — COO- is more preferred.
- G 1 and G 2 are each independently selected from a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. Represents a divalent cyclic group.
- Arbitrary hydrogen atoms on the cyclic group include an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and the sum of m and n is 1 to 4.
- R 1 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons. Any hydrogen that forms R 1 may be substituted with fluorine.
- examples of the divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include phenylene, biphenylene, naphthalene and the like.
- examples of the divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms include cyclopropylene and cyclohexylene.
- R 1 is the same as in the above formula [S1].
- X p is — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO— is represented.
- a 1 represents an oxygen atom or —COO— * (a bond marked with “*” binds to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
- a 2 represents an oxygen atom or * —COO— (the bond with “*” is bonded to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
- a 1 is an integer of 0 or 1
- a 2 is an integer of 2 to 10.
- Cy that is, a group described as Cy in the cyclohexane ring represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group.
- diamine having a specific side chain structure there is a diamine having a specific side chain structure represented by the following formula [S2].
- X 3 represents a single bond, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X 3 is preferably —CONH—, —NHCO—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO— from the viewpoint of the liquid crystal orientation of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- R 2 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons. Any hydrogen that forms R 2 may be substituted with fluorine.
- R 2 is preferably an alkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of the liquid crystal alignment property of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- diamine having a specific side chain structure there is a diamine having a specific side chain structure represented by the following formula [S3].
- R 3 represents a structure having a steroid skeleton.
- the steroid skeleton here has a skeleton represented by the following formula (st) in which three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring are bonded.
- X represents the above formula [X1] or [X2].
- Col represents at least one selected from the group consisting of the above formulas [Col1] to [Col4], and G represents the above formula [G1] or [G2].
- * Represents a site bonded to another group.
- Examples of preferable combinations of X, Col and G in the above formula [S3-x] include the following. That is, a combination of [X1] and [Col1] and [G1], a combination of [X1] and [Col1] and [G2], a combination of [X1], [Col2] and [G1], and [X1] and [Col2] ] And [G2], [X1] and [Col3] and [G2], [X1] and [Col4] and [G2], [X1] and [Col3] and [G1] Combination of [X1] and [Col4] and [G1], combination of [X2] and [Col1] and [G2], combination of [X2] and [Col2] and [G2], [X2] and [Col2] and [G1], [X2], [Col3] and [G2], [X2], [Col4] and [G2], [X2], [Col1] and [G1], [X2] ], [Col4] and
- diamines having at least one specific side chain structure selected from the group represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3] can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- one kind may be used alone or a mixture of two or more kinds, and when two or more kinds are used in combination, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted. .
- a typical example of a steroid skeleton is cholesterol (a combination of [Col1] and [G2] in the above formula [S3-x]), but a steroid skeleton that does not contain cholesterol can also be used.
- examples of the diamine having a steroid skeleton include cholestanyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, and the like, but a diamine component which does not include a diamine having a cholesterol skeleton is also possible.
- what does not contain an amide in the connection position of a diamine and a side chain can also be utilized as a diamine which has a specific side chain structure.
- a liquid crystal alignment film or a liquid crystal display element capable of ensuring a high voltage holding ratio over a long period of time. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent capable of obtaining
- the diamine component of the present invention includes a diamine having the structure of the above formula (1) and at least one diamine having a side chain structure selected from the group represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3]. And a diamine containing
- Examples of the diamine having a side chain structure represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3] include diamines having the structures of the following formulas [1-S1]-[1-S3], respectively.
- a diamine which is at least one of the two side chains in the two-side chain diamine having a side chain structure selected from the group represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3] is also included.
- Such a double-sided diamine is as described above.
- the diamine component of this embodiment may contain a diamine having a photoreactive side chain as another diamine.
- the photoreactive side chain can be introduced into the specific polymer or other polymers.
- diamine having a photoreactive side chain examples include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formula [VIII] or [IX].
- the position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) may be any position on the benzene ring, for example, on the benzene ring with respect to the linking group of the side chain. 2, 3 positions, 2, 4 positions, 2, 5 positions, 2, 6 positions, 3, 4 positions or 3, 5 positions. From the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing the polyamic acid, the 2,4 position, the 2,5 position, or the 3,5 position is preferred. Considering the ease of synthesis of the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- R 8 is a single bond, —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH 2 O—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —N (CH 3 ) CO— is represented.
- R 8 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO— or —CONH—.
- R 9 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- —CH 2 — of the alkylene group may be optionally substituted with —CF 2 — or —CH ⁇ CH—, and when any of the following groups is not adjacent to each other, these groups are substituted: -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, a divalent carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- the divalent carbocycle or heterocycle can be specifically exemplified by the following formula (1a), but is not limited thereto.
- R 9 can be formed by a general organic synthetic method, but from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable.
- R 10 represents a photoreactive group selected from the group consisting of the following formula (1b).
- R 10 is preferably a methacryl group, an acryl group or a vinyl group from the viewpoint of photoreactivity.
- Y 1 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH— or —CO—.
- Y 2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
- One or a plurality of hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, divalent carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring herein may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- —CH 2 — when the following groups are not adjacent to each other, —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 3 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO— or a single bond.
- Y 4 represents a cinnamoyl group.
- Y 5 represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocycle or a heterocycle.
- One or a plurality of hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, divalent carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring herein may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- Y 5 when the following groups are not adjacent to each other, —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 6 represents a photopolymerizable group such as an acryl group or a methacryl group.
- diamine having a photoreactive side chain represented by the above formula [VIII] or [IX] include the following formula (1c), but are not limited thereto.
- X 9 and X 10 each independently represent a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO— or —NH—.
- Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the diamine having a photoreactive side chain include a diamine of the following formula [VII].
- the diamine of the formula [VII] has a site having a radical generating structure in the side chain.
- radicals are generated by decomposition by ultraviolet irradiation.
- Ar represents at least one aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, and biphenylene, and the hydrogen atom of those rings may be substituted with a halogen atom. Since Ar to which carbonyl is bonded is involved in the absorption wavelength of ultraviolet rays, a structure having a long conjugate length such as naphthylene or biphenylene is preferable when the wavelength is increased. On the other hand, when Ar has a structure such as naphthylene or biphenylene, the solubility may deteriorate, and in this case, the difficulty of synthesis increases. Ar is most preferably a phenyl group because sufficient characteristics can be obtained even with a phenyl group if the wavelength of ultraviolet rays is in the range of 250 nm to 380 nm.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be provided with a substituent.
- substituent here are preferably an electron-donating organic group such as an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, and an amino group.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a benzyl group, or a phenethyl group. In the case of an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, R 1 and R 2 may form a ring.
- T 1 and T 2 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH. 2 O -, - N (CH 3) -, - CON (CH 3) - or an -N (CH 3) CO- linking group.
- S represents a single bond, unsubstituted or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the alkylene group —CH 2 — or —CF 2 — in this case may be optionally substituted with —CH ⁇ CH—, and when any of the following groups is not adjacent to each other, May be substituted; —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, divalent carbocycle, divalent heterocycle;
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 3 represents —CH 2 —, —NR—, —O—, or —S—.
- Q is preferably an electron-donating organic group, and is preferably an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, or the like as described in the example of Ar.
- Q is an amino derivative
- a defect such as the formation of a salt between the carboxylic acid group and the amino group generated during polymerization of the polyamic acid, which is a polyimide precursor, may result in a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group. Is more preferable.
- the position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) may be any of o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and p-phenylenediamine, but is reactive with acid dianhydride. In this respect, m-phenylenediamine or p-phenylenediamine is preferable.
- n is an integer of 2 to 8.
- diamines having a photoreactive side chain represented by the above formula [VII], [VIII] or [IX] can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a single type or a mixture of two or more types may be used. It may be used, or in the case of using a mixture of two or more, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted.
- the photoreactive side chain diamine when a photoreactive side chain diamine is contained in the diamine component, the photoreactive side chain diamine is preferably 10 to 70 mol%, more preferably 20 to 60 mol% of the total diamine component, and 30 More preferred is ⁇ 50 mol%.
- ⁇ Other diamines other diamines>
- Other diamine which may be contained in the diamine component for obtaining the specific polymer is not limited to the diamine having the photoreactive side chain.
- Examples of other diamines other than the diamine having the photoreactive side chain include those represented by the following formula [2].
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. .
- a 1 and A 2 are preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Examples of the structure of Y 1 include the following formulas (Y-1) to (Y-148) and (Y-155) to (Y-174).
- n is an integer from 1 to 6 unless otherwise specified.
- Me represents a methyl group.
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- diamines including the diamine having the photoreactive side chain described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the specific diamine with respect to other diamine in a specific polymer can be suitably set in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.
- tetracarboxylic acid component examples include tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide, In the invention, these are also collectively referred to as a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- tetracarboxylic acid component tetracarboxylic dianhydride and derivatives thereof, such as tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide (collectively, (Referred to as the first tetracarboxylic acid component).
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and the like. Specific examples thereof include those of the following groups [1] to [5].
- aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride for example, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride;
- Examples of alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include acid dianhydrides such as the following formulas (X1-1) to (X1-13);
- R 3 to R 23 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, It represents an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group.
- R M represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Xa represents a tetravalent organic group represented by the following formulas (Xa-1) to (Xa-7).
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic anhydride, 4,4 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic Acid dianhydrides, acid dianhydrides represented by the following formulas (Xb-1) to (Xb-10), and the like, and
- tetracarboxylic acid components described above can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Depending on the characteristics required for the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element, one kind may be used alone or a mixture of two or more kinds, and when two or more kinds are used in combination, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted. .
- the specific polymer is obtained by a method of reacting the diamine component of the present embodiment described above with a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- the method include a diamine component composed of one or more diamines, and at least one tetracarboxylic acid component selected from the group consisting of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a derivative of the tetracarboxylic acid.
- the method of making it react and obtaining a polyamic acid is mentioned. Specifically, a method is used in which a polyamic acid is obtained by polycondensation of a primary or secondary diamine and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- a method of polycondensing a tetracarboxylic acid obtained by dialkyl esterifying a carboxylic acid group with a primary or secondary diamine, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide obtained by halogenating a carboxylic acid group and a primary a method of polycondensation with a secondary diamine or a method of converting a carboxy group of a polyamic acid into an ester is used.
- polyimide a method is used in which the above polyamic acid or polyamic acid alkyl ester is cyclized to form polyimide.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as the produced polyimide precursor is soluble.
- solvents here include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or 1,3- Examples include dimethyl-imidazolidinone.
- the solvent solubility of the polyimide precursor is high, it is represented by methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, or the following formulas [D-1] to [D-3].
- a solvent or the like can be used.
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- solvents can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Even if it is a solvent which does not dissolve a polyimide precursor, as long as the produced
- a method of adding conversely, a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved in a solvent, a method of alternately adding a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component, and the like. The method may be used.
- diamine components or tetracarboxylic acid components when reacting using a plurality of diamine components or tetracarboxylic acid components, they may be reacted in a premixed state, individually or sequentially, or further individually reacted low molecular weight substances. May be mixed and reacted to form a polymer.
- the temperature at which the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component are polycondensed can be selected from -20 to 150 ° C, but is preferably in the range of -5 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it is difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring becomes difficult. . Therefore, it is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then a solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to the normal polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the higher the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor that is produced.
- Polyimide is a polyimide obtained by cyclization of the polyimide precursor, and in this polyimide, the cyclization rate of the amic acid group (also referred to as imidization rate) does not necessarily need to be 100%. It can be adjusted as desired.
- the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the polyimide precursor solution is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution.
- the temperature when the polyimide precursor is thermally imidized in a solution is 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C., and a method of removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system is preferable.
- the catalytic imidation of the polyimide precursor can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the polyimide precursor solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times the amidic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol times the amido group. 30 mole times.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has a suitable basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. In particular, it is preferable to use acetic anhydride because purification after completion of the reaction is easy.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a solvent and precipitated.
- the solvent used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, water and the like.
- the polymer precipitated in the solvent can be recovered by filtration, and then dried under normal pressure or reduced pressure, or at room temperature or by heating.
- the solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like. It is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these, since the purification efficiency is further increased.
- polyamic acid is produced from a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component, and the carboxy group (COOH group) is subjected to a chemical reaction, that is, an esterification reaction.
- a chemical reaction that is, an esterification reaction.
- the esterification reaction is a method in which a polyamic acid and an esterifying agent are reacted at ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C. (preferably 0 to 50 ° C.) for 30 minutes to 24 hours (preferably 1 to 4 hours) in the presence of a solvent. is there.
- the esterifying agent is preferably one that can be easily removed after the esterification reaction.
- N N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dineopentyl butyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl -3-p-tolyltriazene, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like.
- the amount of the esterifying agent used is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents per 1 mol of the polyamic acid repeating unit. Of these, 2 to 4 molar equivalents are preferred.
- the solvent used for the esterification reaction examples include a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyamic acid in the solvent.
- a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyamic acid in the solvent.
- N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferable.
- These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid in the solvent in the esterification reaction is preferably 1 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint that polyamic acid does not easily precipitate. Among these, 5 to 20% by mass is preferable.
- the solvent examples include a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the obtained polymer, that is, the polyamic acid alkyl ester in the solvent.
- a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the obtained polymer, that is, the polyamic acid alkyl ester in the solvent.
- N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferable.
- These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid alkyl ester in the solvent in the reaction is preferably 1 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint that precipitation of the polyamic acid alkyl ester hardly occurs. Among these, 5 to 20% by mass is preferable.
- the solvent used for preparing the polyamic acid alkyl ester is dehydrated as much as possible.
- the reaction is preferably performed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prevent outside air from being mixed.
- a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid diester are heated at 0 to 150 ° C. (preferably in the presence of a condensing agent, a base and a solvent). Is a method of polycondensation reaction at 0 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours (preferably 3 to 15 hours).
- Condensation agents include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazinyl Methylmorpholinium, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like can be used.
- the amount of the condensing agent used is preferably 2 to 3 moles, and more preferably 2 to 2.5 moles, based on
- tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
- the amount of the base used is preferably an amount that can be easily removed after the polycondensation reaction, preferably 2 to 4 times by mole, more preferably 2 to 3 times by mole with respect to the diamine component.
- the solvent used for the polycondensation reaction include a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of the solubility of the resulting polymer, that is, the polyamic acid alkyl ester, in the solvent.
- N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferable. These solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the amount of Lewis acid used is preferably 0.1 to 10 times the mole of the diamine component. Among these, 2.0 to 3.0 moles are preferable.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a solvent and precipitated.
- the solvent used for precipitation include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene and the like.
- the polymer precipitated in the solvent is preferably washed with the solvent a plurality of times for the purpose of removing the additives and catalysts used above. After washing, filtration and recovery, the polymer can be dried under normal pressure or reduced pressure, or at room temperature or with heating.
- the impurities in the polymer can be reduced by re-dissolving the polymer recovered by precipitation in a solvent and repeating the operation of re-precipitation recovery 2 to 10 times.
- the polyamic acid alkyl ester is preferably the above production method (2) or (3).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention contains said specific polymer, it may contain 2 or more types of specific polymers of a different structure.
- other polymers that is, polymers having no divalent group represented by the formula (1) (obtained without containing the specific diamine represented by the formula (1)) Polymer).
- Polymer types include polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or derivatives thereof, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, poly (meth) acrylate Etc.
- the ratio of the specific polymer with respect to all polymer components is preferably 5% by mass or more, for example, 5 to 95% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent generally takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film. It is preferable that the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is also a coating liquid containing the said polymer component and the organic solvent in which this polymer component is dissolved. At that time, the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, it is preferably 1% by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, it is preferably 10% by mass or less. A particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl- Imidazolidinone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and the like.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used.
- organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in addition to the above solvent, a solvent that improves the coating property when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent and the surface smoothness of the coating film can also be used. Specific examples of such organic solvents are listed below, but are not limited to these.
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol, 2,6- Zimechi -4-heptanol, 1,2-ethanedi
- organic solvents include 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene It is preferable to use glycol monobutyl ether or dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- the kind and content of such a solvent are suitably selected according to the coating device, coating conditions, coating environment, etc. of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- additional components include adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material, a cross-linking agent for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film, and liquid crystal Examples thereof include dielectrics and conductive materials for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the alignment film. Specific examples of these additional components include the poor solvents and crosslinkable compounds disclosed in WO2015 / 060357, page 53, paragraph [0104] to page 60, paragraph [0116].
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes a polymer other than the specific polymer described in the present invention, a dielectric for the purpose of changing electrical properties such as dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal aligning film.
- An imidization accelerator for the purpose of efficiently proceeding imidization by heating may be contained.
- Examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound, such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3- Glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2- Aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl- 3-aminopropyl
- additives may be added to the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in order to increase the mechanical strength of the liquid crystal aligning film.
- the above-mentioned additive is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. If the amount is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect cannot be expected. If the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal is lowered.
- the liquid crystal aligning film of this invention is obtained from the said liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is particularly suitable for the VA mode in which liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the substrate are responded by an electric field, in particular, the PSA mode.
- a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display element that can ensure a high voltage holding ratio can be provided. If an example of the method of obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film is given, after apply
- the cured film is rubbed, irradiated with polarized light or light of a specific wavelength, or treated with an ion beam, or a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element after filling the liquid crystal as a PSA alignment film It is also possible to irradiate with UV. In particular, it is useful to use as an alignment film for PSA.
- the substrate to which the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used together with a glass substrate or a silicon nitride substrate. At that time, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is used from the viewpoint of simplification of the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as it is only on one side of the substrate, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used for the electrode in this case.
- the application method of the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, ink jet method and the like are common. As other coating methods, there are a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, a spray method, and the like, and these may be used according to the purpose.
- the solvent is evaporated and baked by a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, an IR (infrared) oven, or the like. Arbitrary temperature and time can be selected for the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the drying step is not necessarily required, but it is preferable to perform the drying step when the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or when baking is not performed immediately after application.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like.
- the baking temperature of the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not limited, and is, for example, 100 ° C. to 350 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 300 ° C., and more preferably 150 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is 5 minutes to 240 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 90 minutes, and more preferably 20 minutes to 90 minutes. Heating can be performed by a generally known method such as a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, and is preferably 5 to 300 nm, and more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of a VA mode, particularly a PSA mode liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a device in which a liquid crystal cell is prepared by a known method after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the liquid crystal cell is used as an element.
- Specific examples of the liquid crystal display element that can be manufactured include two substrates arranged to face each other, a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and a liquid crystal alignment of the present invention provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal display element of the vertical alignment system which comprises the liquid crystal cell which has the said liquid crystal aligning film formed of the agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied onto two substrates and baked to form a liquid crystal aligning film, and the two substrates are arranged so that the liquid crystal aligning films face each other.
- a liquid crystal layer composed of liquid crystal is sandwiched between two substrates, that is, a liquid crystal layer is provided in contact with the liquid crystal alignment film, and ultraviolet rays are applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer.
- This is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell to be manufactured.
- a transparent glass substrate is prepared, and a common electrode is provided on one substrate and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
- These electrodes can be ITO electrodes, for example, and are patterned so as to display a desired image.
- an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrode and the segment electrode.
- the insulating film can be, for example, a film made of SiO 2 —TiO 2 formed by a sol-gel method.
- a liquid crystal alignment film is formed on each substrate under the above conditions.
- an ultraviolet curable sealing material is disposed at a predetermined position on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and liquid crystal is disposed at predetermined positions on the liquid crystal alignment film surface. .
- the other substrate is bonded and pressure-bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces, and the liquid crystal is spread on the front surface of the liquid crystal alignment film, and the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the sealing material. obtain.
- an opening that can be filled with liquid crystal from the outside is provided when the sealing material is disposed at a predetermined position on one substrate, and the substrates are bonded together. Thereafter, a liquid crystal material is injected into the liquid crystal cell through an opening provided in the sealing material, and then the opening is sealed with an adhesive to obtain a liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal material may be injected by a vacuum injection method or a method utilizing capillary action in the atmosphere.
- the liquid crystal material is not particularly limited, but a liquid crystal material used in the VA mode, particularly a liquid crystal material usable in the PSA mode can be appropriately selected and used.
- a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, it is preferable to attach a pair of polarizing plates to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element of the present invention are not limited to the above-described configuration and manufacturing method as long as the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is used, and are manufactured by other known methods. There may be. Processes for obtaining a liquid crystal display element from a liquid crystal aligning agent are disclosed, for example, in paragraph [0074] on page 17 to paragraph [0082] on page 19 of JP-A-2015-135393.
- a liquid crystal display element having an excellent response speed is obtained by efficiently fixing the orientation of the liquid crystal.
- DA-1 a compound represented by the formula [DA-1] (a diamine having a specific side chain structure)
- DA-2 Compound represented by the formula [DA-2] (two-side chain diamine having a specific side chain structure)
- DA-3 Compound represented by the formula [DA-3] (specific diamine)
- DA-4 Compound represented by formula [DA-4] (other diamine)
- DA-5 Compound represented by formula [DA-5] (other diamines)
- DA-6 Compound represented by formula [DA-6] (other diamines)
- DA-7 Compound represented by formula [DA-7] (other diamines)
- DA-8 Compound represented by formula [DA-8] (other diamines)
- DA-9 Compound represented by formula [DA-9] (other diamines)
- DA-10 Compound represented by formula [DA-10] (diamine having a specific side chain structure)
- the molecular weight of the polyimide in the synthesis example is as follows using a room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (SSC-7200) manufactured by Senshu Scientific Co., Ltd., and columns (KD-803, KD-805) manufactured by Shodex. It was measured.
- GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
- the imidation ratio of polyimide in the synthesis example was measured as follows. Add 20 mg of polyimide powder to an NMR sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard ⁇ 5 manufactured by Kusano Kagaku), add 0.53 ml of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , 0.05% TMS mixture), and apply ultrasonic waves. And completely dissolved.
- NMR sample tube NMR sampling tube standard ⁇ 5 manufactured by Kusano Kagaku
- DMSO-d 6 deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide
- Synthesis Examples 2 to 7 According to the method of Synthesis Example 1, the materials and ratios were changed as shown in Tables 1 and 2, and polyimide powders (B) to (G) of Synthesis Examples 2 to 7 were obtained.
- Example 1 NMP (54.0 g) was added to the polyimide powder (A) (6.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 40 hours. BCS (40.0 g) was added to this solution and stirred for 5 hours to obtain the liquid crystal aligning agent [1] of Example 1. Abnormalities such as turbidity and precipitation were not observed in this liquid crystal aligning agent, and it was confirmed that the resin component was uniformly dissolved.
- Examples 2 to 9 In accordance with the method of Example 1, the polyimide material was changed as shown in Table 3 to obtain alignment treatment agents [2] to [9] of Examples 2 to 9. Abnormalities such as turbidity and precipitation were not observed in these liquid crystal alignment agents, and it was confirmed that the resin component was uniformly dissolved.
- Example 10 NMP (54.0 g) was added to the polyimide powder (C) (3.0 g) and polyimide powder (F) (3.0 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 and Synthesis Example 6, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 40 hours. Dissolved. BCS (40.0g) was added to this solution, and it stirred for 5 hours, and obtained liquid crystal aligning agent [10] of Example 10. Abnormalities such as turbidity and precipitation were not observed in this liquid crystal aligning agent, and it was confirmed that the resin component was uniformly dissolved.
- liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 obtained above were each spin-coated on the ITO surface of a glass substrate with 3 ⁇ 4 cm ITO, and baked on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 1 minute 30 seconds. Thereafter, baking was performed in an infrared heating furnace at 230 ° C. for 20 minutes to prepare a polyimide-coated substrate having a film thickness of 100 nm.
- thermosetting sealing material (XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied thereon.
- the surface of the other substrate on which the liquid crystal alignment film was formed was faced inward and bonded to the previous substrate, and then the sealing material was cured to produce an empty cell.
- a liquid crystal cell was produced by injecting a PSA polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal MLC-3023 (trade name, manufactured by Merck) into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method. The voltage holding ratio of this liquid crystal cell was measured.
- UV-MO3A manufactured by ORC.
- UV UV lamp: FLR40SUV32 /
- A-1 UV-FL irradiation apparatus manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology Co., Ltd. in a state where no voltage was applied.
- A-1) was irradiated for 30 minutes (referred to as secondary PSA treatment). Thereafter, the voltage holding ratio was measured.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal alignment agents [1] to [10] of Examples 1 to 10 and the liquid crystal display element obtained by using the liquid crystal alignment film are mounted on a vehicle, for example. It can be said that a high voltage holding ratio can be secured over a long period of time even when used under high temperature and high humidity, such as car navigation systems and meters that are used, display units of industrial equipment and measuring equipment installed outdoors.
- the liquid crystal alignment films formed by using the liquid crystal alignment agents [1] to [10] of Examples 1 to 10 and the liquid crystal display elements obtained from the liquid crystal alignment films are subjected to high temperature and high humidity. Even without this, a high voltage holding ratio can be secured for a long period of time.
- the liquid crystal alignment films formed using the liquid crystal alignment agents [1] to [10] of Examples 1 to 10 and the liquid crystal display elements obtained using the liquid crystal alignment films are those of Comparative Examples. It can be seen that the initial voltage holding ratio is high, that is, high driving reliability can be secured.
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Abstract
Description
特定ジアミンは、下記式(1)の構造を有する。
本実施形態において、ジアミン成分として含まれていてもよい二側鎖ジアミンは、例えば下記式[1]で表される
特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンは、下記式[S1]~[S3]で表される群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の側鎖構造を有する。以下、かかる特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンについて、式[S1]~[S3]の順に説明する。
本実施形態のジアミン成分は、その他のジアミンとして、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを含有してもよい。ジアミン成分が、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを含有することで、特定重合体やそれ以外の重合体に、光反応性側鎖を導入できるようになる。
特定重合体を得るためのジアミン成分に含まれていてもよいその他のジアミンは、上記光反応性側鎖を有するジアミン等に限定されない。上記光反応性側鎖を有するジアミン以外のその他のジアミンの例としては、下記式[2]で表されるものが挙げられる。
特定重合体を得るためのテトラカルボン酸成分の例としては、テトラカルボン酸、テトラカルボン酸二無水物、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドが挙げられ、本発明では、これらを総称してテトラカルボン酸成分とも称する。
特定重合体は、上記説明した本実施形態のジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸成分と、を反応させる方法により得られる。該方法としては、例えば、1種又は複数種のジアミンからなるジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物及びそのテトラカルボン酸の誘導体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のテトラカルボン酸成分と、を反応させ、ポリアミド酸を得る方法が挙げられる。具体的には、1級又は2級のジアミンと、テトラカルボン酸二無水物と、を重縮合させてポリアミック酸を得る方法が用いられる。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とからポリアミド酸を製造し、そのカルボキシ基(COOH基)に化学反応、すなわちエステル化反応を行い、ポリアミド酸アルキルエステルを製造する方法である。エステル化反応は、ポリアミド酸とエステル化剤を溶媒の存在下で、-20~150℃(好ましくは0~50℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは1~4時間)反応させる方法である。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとを、塩基と溶媒の存在下で、-20~150℃(好ましくは0~50℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは1~4時間)反応させる方法である。塩基は、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン等を用いることができる。なかでも、反応が穏和に進行するため、ピリジンが好ましい。塩基の使用量は、反応後に、容易に除去できる量が好ましく、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドに対して2~4倍モルが好ましく、2~3倍モルがより好ましい。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルとを、縮合剤、塩基及び溶媒の存在下で、0~150℃(好ましくは0~100℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは3~15時間)重縮合反応させる方法である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記の特定重合体を含有するが、異なる構造の特定重合体を2種以上含有していてもよい。また、特定重合体に加えて、その他の重合体、すなわち式(1)で表される2価の基を有さない重合体(式(1)で表される特定ジアミンを含有しないで得られる重合体)を含有していてもよい。重合体の形式としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。本発明の液晶配向剤がその他の重合体を含有する場合、全重合体成分に対する特定重合体の割合は5質量%以上が好ましく、例えば5~95質量%が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる。本発明の液晶配向剤の使用により、基板に対して垂直に配向している液晶分子を電界によって応答させるVA方式、特にPSAモードに特に好適であり、高温・高湿下であっても長期に渡って高い電圧保持率を確保できる液晶配向膜や液晶表示素子を提供できる。液晶配向膜を得る方法の一例を挙げるなら、本発明の液晶配向剤を、基板に塗布した後、必要に応じて乾燥し、焼成を行うことで得られる硬化膜を、そのまま液晶配向膜として用いることもできる。また、この硬化膜をラビングしたり、偏光又は特定の波長の光等を照射したり、イオンビーム等の処理をしたり、PSA用配向膜として液晶充填後の液晶表示素子に電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射することも可能である。特に、PSA用配向膜として使用することが有用である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜付きの基板を得た後、既知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、該液晶セルを使用して素子としたものである。作製可能な液晶表示素子の具体例としては、対向するように配置された2枚の基板と、基板間に設けられた液晶層と、基板と液晶層との間に設けられ本発明の液晶配向剤により形成された上記液晶配向膜と、を有する液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。具体的には、本発明の液晶配向剤を2枚の基板上に塗布して焼成することにより液晶配向膜を形成し、この液晶配向膜が対向するように2枚の基板を配置し、この2枚の基板の間に液晶で構成された液晶層を挟持し、すなわち、液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、液晶配向膜及び液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで作製される液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。
下記式[DA-1]~[DA-10]で表される化合物
DA-1:式[DA-1]で表される化合物(特定側鎖構造を有するジアミン)
DA-2:式[DA-2]で表される化合物(特定側鎖構造を有する二側鎖ジアミン)
DA-3:式[DA-3]で表される化合物(特定ジアミン)
DA-4:式[DA-4]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA-5:式[DA-5]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA-6:式[DA-6]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―7:式[DA―7]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―8:式[DA―8]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―9:式[DA―9]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―10:式[DA―10]で表される化合物(特定側鎖構造を有するジアミン)
下記式[D1]~[D4]で表される化合物
D1:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
D2:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
D3:2,3,5-トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸二無水物
D4:3,3',4,4'-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
合成例におけるポリイミドの分子量は、(株)センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200)、Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)を用い以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量 約9,000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
合成例におけるポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)0.53mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
<合成例1>
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD2(3.50g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-1(3.20g)、DA-3(6.69g)を、溶媒NMP(表1のN1)(53.57g)中で混合し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(2.73g)及びNMP(表1のN2)(10.94g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表1及び2の通りに変更し、合成例2~7のポリイミド粉末(B)~(G)を得た。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD2(3.50g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-2(2.12g)、DA-3(2.87g)を溶媒NMP(表1のN1)(47.29g)中で混合し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(2.60g)及びNMP(表1のN2)(3.87g)を加え、室温で1時間反応させ、さらにD4(2.71g)及びNMP(表1のN3)(10.83g)を加え、室温で6時間反応させ、ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液を合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表2の通りに変更し、合成例8のポリイミド粉末(H)を得た。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD3(6.15g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-2(4.24g)、DA-3(1.91g)、DA-4(0.93g)、DA-8(2.78g)を溶媒NMP(表1のN1)(64.05g)中で混合し、60℃で6時間反応させ、ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液を合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表2の通りに変更し、合成例9のポリイミド粉末(I)を得た。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD2(3.50g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-1(3.20g)、DA-4(6.47g)をNMP(表1のN1)(52.70g)中で混合し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(2.73g)とNMP(表1のN2)(10.92g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
比較合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表1及び2の通りに変更し、比較合成例2~4のポリイミド粉末(K)~(M)を得た。
合成例1で得たポリイミド粉末(A)(6.0g)にNMP(54.0g)を加え、70℃にて40時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液にBCS(40.0g)を加え、5時間攪拌することで、実施例1の液晶配向剤[1]を得た。この液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
実施例1の手法に沿って、ポリイミド材料を表3の通りに変更し、実施例2~9の配向処理剤[2]~[9]を得た。これらの液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
合成例3及び合成例6で得たポリイミド粉末(C)(3.0g)、ポリイミド粉末(F)(3.0g)にNMP(54.0g)を加え、70℃にて40時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液にBCS(40.0g)を加え、5時間攪拌することで、実施例10の液晶配向剤[10]を得た。この液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
実施例1の手法に沿って、ポリイミド材料を表3の通りに変更し、比較例1~3の配向処理剤[11]~[14]を得た。これらの液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
上記で得た実施例1~5及び比較例1~4の液晶配向剤を、それぞれ、3×4cmITO付きガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃で1分30秒間ホットプレートにて焼成した後、230℃の赤外線加熱炉で20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmのポリイミド塗布基板を作製した。
上記で作製した液晶セルを用い、60℃の熱風循環オーブン中で1Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、その後1667msec後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。電圧保持率の測定には、東陽テクニカ社製のVHR-1を使用した。
上記で作製した液晶セルを温度85℃、湿度85%の状態にした恒温恒湿器(エスペック社製PR-2KP)内に7日間静置した後、電圧保持率の測定を行った。ここで測定した電圧保持率と2次PSA処理後の電圧保持率の差分をVHR変化量とした。
Claims (11)
- 下記式(1)の構造を有するジアミン及び下記式[S1]~[S3]で表される群から選ばれる側鎖構造を有する少なくとも1種のジアミンを含有するジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸成分から得られるポリイミド前駆体及び/又は該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドの重合体を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(式(1)中、A1及びA5は、それぞれ独立して、単結合又は炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す。A2及びA4は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~5のアルキレン基を表す。A3は、炭素数1~6のアルキレン基又はシクロアルキレン基を表す。B1及びB2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CON(CH3)-又は-N(CH3)CO-を表す。D1は熱により水素原子に置き換わる保護基を表す。aは0又は1である。A2及びA3(aが1の場合)、A3及びA4(aが1の場合)、又はA2及びA4(aが0の場合)は、互いに結合しない。*は他の基に結合する部位を表す。)
(式[S1]中、X1及びX2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CON(CH3)-、-NH-、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-又は-((CH2)a1-A1)m1-を表す。このうち、複数のa1はそれぞれ独立して1~15の整数であり、複数のA1はそれぞれ独立して酸素原子又は-COO-を表し、m1は1~2である。G1及びG2は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数6~12の2価の芳香族基又は炭素数3~8の2価の脂環式基から選ばれる2価の環状基を表す。前記環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種で置換されていてもよい。m及びnは、それぞれ独立して0~3の整数であって、m及びnの合計は1~4である。R1は、炭素数1~20のアルキル、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ、又は炭素数2~20のアルコキシアルキルを表し、R1を形成する任意の水素はフッ素で置換されていてもよい。)
(式[S2]中、X3は単結合、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CON(CH3)-、-NH-、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表す。R2は炭素数1~20のアルキル又は炭素数2~20のアルコキシアルキルを表し、R2を形成する任意の水素はフッ素で置換されていてもよい。)
(式[S3]中、X4は-CONH-、-NHCO-、-O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表す。R3はステロイド骨格を有する構造を表す。) - 前記ジアミン成分は、前記式[S1]で表される側鎖構造を有するジアミンを含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式[S1]で表される側鎖構造を有するジアミンは、下記式[S1-x1]~[S1-x7]で表される群からなる少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
(式[S1-x1]~[S1-x7]中、R1は、式[S1]の場合と同様である。Xpは、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CON(CH3)-、-NH-、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表す。A1は、酸素原子又は-COO-*(「*」を付した結合手が(CH2)a2と結合する)を表す。A2は、酸素原子又は*-COO-(「*」を付した結合手が(CH2)a2と結合する)を表す。a1は0又は1の整数であり、a2は2~10の整数である。Cyは1,4-シクロへキシレン基又は1,4-フェニレン基を表す。) - 前記式[S2]で表される側鎖構造を有するジアミンにおけるR2は、炭素数3~20のアルキル又は炭素数2~20のアルコキシアルキルであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成されてなることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 請求項9に記載の液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜を焼成する工程と、
焼成して得られた膜を配向処理する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする液晶配向膜の製造方法。
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