WO2018222063A1

WO2018222063A1 - Mixture containing parafin oil as an insecticidial and acaricidial active compound

Info

Publication number: WO2018222063A1
Application number: PCT/RS2018/000004
Authority: WO
Inventors: Aleksandar PAVLICEVIC; Predrag Kovacevic
Original assignee: Pulcap Doo Beograd-Zemun
Current assignee: Pulcap Doo Beograd-Zemun
Priority date: 2017-05-30
Filing date: 2018-04-25
Publication date: 2018-12-06
Anticipated expiration: 2019-11-30
Also published as: CN110913694A; DE112018002798T8; DE112018002798T5; RS20170547A1; CN110913694B; RS61175B1; PL431666A1; PL237716B1

Abstract

The invention relates to mixtures with paraffin oil as the active component, suitable for agronomic and veterinary use. The invention mixtures have a pronounced acaricidal and insecticidal effect and exhibit efficacy in the control of the poultry ectoparasite, poultry redmite Dermanyssus gallinae.

Description

MIXTURE CONTAINING PARAFIN OIL AS AN INSECTICIDAL AND

ACARI CIDAL ACTIVE COMPOUND

Field of the invention

The invention relates to mixtures with paraffin oil, as the active component, with appropriate components added, suitable for agronomic and veterinary use. The mixtures of the invention have a pronounced acaricidal and insecticidal effect and exhibit efficacy in the control of the poultry ectoparasite, poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae.

Technical problem

The technical problem solved by this patent application is finding new formulations so as to allow paraffin oil to fully exhibit its acaricidal and insecticidal effect for control of harmful insects and mites in practical application.

The problem which this patent application solves is a safe, rational and efficient improvement of the control of harmful insects, acari and mites, especially poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae, through the preparation of mixtures in which the active component is paraffin oil. The hitherto use of paraffin oil, as key active matter, in the form of stable emulsion could not be applied rationally and efficiently in D. gallinae suppression. The reason being that precisely the form of a stable emulsion greatly decreases paraffin oil efficacy on insects and acari (due to a reduced quality of contact).

The problem of numerous and widely spread chemical pollution has become a matter of existence. This is why the control of harmful insects and acari requires urgent reduction of toxicological impacts, especially through the use of synthetic chemical pesticides.

There is a need for new formulations which are more efficient, less toxic and safe for the environment.

State of the art

The acaricidal and insecticidal effect of paraffin oil is well known. Paraffin oil has an effect on insects and acari, including all their developmental stages, by physically preventing respiration. For paraffin oil to be used in practice, it is necessary to mix it with water, alongside an emulsification process. The technology hitherto uses paraffin oil for the control of harmful insects and mites in the form of a stable emulsion.

The biological efficacy of stable formulations of paraffin oil in laboratory conditions and in a working concentration of 3% is 50-60%, on directly exposed adults of poultry red mite D. gallinae, which is insufficient for their rational control in practical conditions of intensive poultry farming.

Summary of the invention

The invention relates to an insecticidal and acaricidal mixture which contains an active compound, silicon oil, emulsifier (or a combination of emulsifiers), with optional adding of stabilizer and water. The mixture is in the form of a partially stable emulsion, which is used in the control of harmful insects and acari, as well as in the control of poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. The partial stability of the emulsion allows for a better contact of acari and insects with the mixture. The film which is formed during the application on non- resorporative surfaces ensures a better impact as well as a prolonged effect of the mixture. According to the invention, two types of mixtures have been created and tested:

- mixture without water and

- mixture with water

The mixture contains the following components:

- paraffin oil

- silicon oil

- emulsifier or a combination of emulsifiers

- stabilizer, optional

- water, optional

The active compound of the mixture is paraffin oil, present in the quantity of 18% to 60%. As for silicon oils, polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 10% to 35% was used.

The viscosity of polydimethylsiloxane used is lower than 15000 cSt.

The mixture was created with emulsifiers which have a HLB value less than 6, in the quantity ranging between 2% and 30% and with emulsifiers the HLB value of which is greater than 14, in the quantity ranging between 2% and 45%). Emulsifiers are individually contained in a mixture, or as a combination of several emulsifiers with different HLB values. The choice of emulsifiers depends on the type of mixture or whether the mixture contains water or not.

A cellulose derivative was used as a stabilizer, in quantity ranging from 2% to 10%. Stabilizers are added to mixtures containing water.

Water is added optionally, in quantities up to 40%.

Mixtures according to the invention can be applied as such, but can also be diluted with water to a concentration ranging from 1% to 10%, immediately before application, and then distributed onto the surface which is being treated.

The mixture according to the present invention solves the technical problem defined above. A partially stable emulsion of liquid paraffin in combination with polydimethylsiloxane, at distribution onto the surface being treated quickly exhibits a high acaricidal and insecticidal effect, especially on poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (see below). Also, with application, a film is formed on the treated nonresorptive surface, which allows better coverage, better attachment and a prolonged effect.

Emulsifier or a combination of emulsifiers the HLB values of which are lower than 6 or greater than 14 in the invention mixture ensure partial stability of the diluted emulsion.

Partial stability allows the emulsion to be stable enough in order for the application to be technically feasible.

The mixture according to the invention, with its content and form, as a partially stable emulsion, meets the conditions of a limited and targeted effect on pests.

The compounds used are also used as additives in the food and cosmetic industry, which eliminates many negative toxicological effects.

Description of figures

Figure 1 (6373), Figure 2 (6388), Figure 3 (6554) and Figure 4 (9949) show the mortality of D. gallinae specimens exposed to the invention mixture. All microphotographs were made with a light microscope.

Figure 5 (8628) shows dead specimens of small flour beetle Tribolium confusum. Detailed description of the invention

The following examples define invention mixtures and their creation. These example are illustrative and not restrictive.

1. Example of a mixture without water Mixture 8A Paraffin oil 44%

Polydimethylsiloxane with viscosity 100 cSt. 11%

Polydimethylsiloxane with viscosity 350 cSt. 1 1%

Polysorbate 20 34%

2. Example of mixture with water Mixture 18/6/4:

Paraffin oil 43%

Polydimethylsiloxane with viscosity 10000 cSt 22%

Polysorbate 20 21%

Polyglycerol polyricinoleate 8%

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 2%

Water 4%

Efficacy examinations- biological tests

The following tests demonstrate the efficacy of present invention in control of certain insects and mites, especially poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Inhibition of respiration, apart from adults, also relates to exposed developmental forms of insects and mites, which also leads to the mortality of the same.

Explanation of biological test and tabular display:

Exposure of 1 min. simulates direct exposure of mites at mixture application. In this case full exposure of the mite's body ensues. After this time, mites are removed from the treated surface and placed on filter paper, into clean Petri cups, where they remain till the end of the test.

Exposure of 1 hour simulates conditions in which mites which are not directly exposed to application are found (in practical conditions the biggest number of mites is hidden). A surplus of the working emulsion is put into Petri cups, which are then drained and left to dry for 1 day. After this time, mite specimens are placed inside them. This time, they come into contact with the invention mixture but only with their distal parts. They remain exposed to the mixture for one hour, after which time they are moved into clean Petri cups where they remain until the end of the test. The procedure is the same, only with longer contact period with the 24 hour exposure. It serves primarily for comparing the results with other examinations.

The column in the table contains numbers 1 to 5. They represent groups of 20 mite adults which are in the test. The total is 100 specimens. Daily results of mortality are shown in % under the column total. The control is represented by 20 mite specimens, which are not exposed to the mixture. Environmental conditions include temperature and humidity, factors which are important for the life and control of poultry red mite.

The row contains numbers from 0 to 10. They represent the ordinal number of days on which results are collected. Results for each individual group of mites are represented numerically and in percentage.

Note: There is no standardized method of biological testing of the formulation with acaricidal effect on D. gallinae. The Petri cup method has been used and developed since 2000. Concurrently with the development of laboratory methodology results were reviewed in natural conditions. This way, a laboratory methodology of the biological test has been developed which gives practically valuable and applicable results.

Biological efficacy of the invention mixture

Example 1. Mixture 8a

Working concentration of mixture in the test: 1%

Surface: Plastic Petri cup

onrre

Full exposure to the working concentration of 1% of the partially stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture) causes complete mortality in 1 min. of direct exposure, and 1 and 24 hours of subsequent exposure of the D. galliane.

Working concentration of the mixture in the test: 2%

Surface: plastic Petri cup

Residual effect: 30 days

Working concentration of the tested formulation: 5%

Surface: plastic Petri cup

Residual effect: day 30

Direct effect, full exposure, 1 hour exposure- residual effect day 30

2% partially stabilized emulsion of the paraffin oil (invention mixture), on plastic surface, exhibits a high efficient prolonged effect of 98% and after 30 days per application, while a 5% partially stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture) had 100% effect after the same time period. This proves that the invention, aside from high efficacy to directly exposed and those which are subsequently directly exposed, also has an efficient prolonged effect, which is another characteristic necessary for D. gallinae control.

Working concentration of the tested mixtun

One application

Surface: galvanized tin

5% partially stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture), on galvanized tin, exhibits a 88% efficacy. The test points to the quality, or that the porosity of the surface has an impact on the level of residual effect of the invention. As the efficacy is decreased on galvanized tin in comparison to a plastic surface, the concentration of the invention mixture must be adapted to the exact conditions for application.

Working concentration of the mixture tested: 5%

Two applications of the emulsion on the surface in a 3 day interval

Surface: galvanized tin

Residual effect: 7 days

Working concentration of tested mixture: 5%

Two applications of the emulsion onto the surface with 3 day interval

Surface: Galvanized tin

Residual effect: 25 days

Repeated application of the 5% partially stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture) on galvanized tin, exhibits, even after 25 days an efficacy of 87% and thus confirms its potential in D. gallinae control.

Examinations in practical conditions of intensive poultry farming

In three production facilities of total capacity of 130.000 layers of consumer eggs, a 2% partially stable emulsion of paraffin oil has been applied in two instances. The infestation of poultry red mite was +++/ ++++ with facility rest period of up to 7 days. After 3 months of exploitation the layers of consumer eggs, the intensity of the infestation was +. Places on cages below the feeder, which are D. gallinae infestation priorities, were not inhabited. On the edges of covered places, there were some places where the presence of poultry red mite was detectable. Infestation was predominantly located in the inner furrow of the feeder trough (cage type Big Dutchman GmbH), where liquid silicate with a highly absorptive role was also found.

In four production facilities with the total capacity of 50.000 layers, the partially stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture), with concentrations of 2% and 5%, were applied during exploitation with an interval of 14 days. The initial infestation of poultry red mite was +++/ ++++. Seven days after the finished second application the intensity of infestation was +. On the farm where mortality had been increased and egg production reduced there was a normalization of the production technology.

In practical conditions the invention has confirmed efficacy to directly exposed poultry red mites D. gallinae, but also a prolonged effect, which is especially important for the preparation of the facility.

Examination in practical conditions has established the limitations in terms of application. The presence of silicates (forms of silicates which are applied in liquid form, diatomaceous earth) on cages, equipment and in the environment, reduces the efficacy of the procedure. The penetration of a partially stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture) into the impurities where part of the infestation of poultry red mite was located, is well exhibited in relation to silicates. However, impurities reduce the possibility of creating a layer which ensures the prolonged effect, so hygienic conditions are of great significance for the successful D. gallinae control.

At technical application of the partially stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture) it is necessary to ensure constant mixing of the working emulsion with water, or prompt application.

At teclinical application of the partly stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture) it is necessary to take into account the intensity and extensity of the infestation, the type of cage and equipment, health status of the flock and exploitation period, and to adjust the concentration, dosage of the working emulsion and manner of application accordingly as well to determine any other auxiliary measures.

The main purpose of the invention mixture is preparation of the production facility for exploitation of layers, where its efficacy in the control of D. gallinae is maximally pronounced. The effect is helped by the length of facility rest period and repeated application.

The achieved results of examining the invention mixture confirm its efficacy in rational program control of poultry red mite D. gallinae.

Biological test on small flour beetle Tribolium confusum

The direct application of the mixture has been done on 100 adults of T. confusum .The effect of submerging and drowning has been prevented due to the surplus of the formulation. Examination was carried out after 6 hours, and a 100% mortality of T. confusum has been established. In the control group there was no mortality.

The invention mixture has not changed the mode of action of paraffin oil, but merely allows conditions for the existing insecticidal effect to be more pronounced (part of the efficacy which is lost by creating a stable emulsion). Since the method of the effect has not changed, it is to be expected that the mixtures of this innovation can keep the justification of use with already established indications for insecticidal and acaricidal effect of paraffin oil. Example 2. (18/6/4) biological efficacy of the invention Mixture 18/6/4

Working concentration of the tested product: 1%

Surface: plastic Petri cup

Direct effect, full exposure, 1 mln. exposure

Effect after exploitation, subsequent exposure to surface layer, 24 hour exposure

Full exposure at working concentration of 1% of a partly stabilized emulsion of paraffin oil (invention mixture), causes complete mortality in 1 min at direct exposure, and 1 and 24 hours at subsequently exposed D. galliane specimens.

Working concentration of the invention 18/6/4 in test: 1%

Surface: galvanized tin

Working concentration of mixture 18/6/4 in test: 1%

Surface: galvanized tin

Residual effect: day 17 Effect after exploitation, subsequent exposure to surface layer, 1 hour exposure- residual effect

The layer of the invention mixture on galvanized tin has the necessary persistency on the surface.

Claims

1. A mixture characterized by comprising paraffin oil in amount of 18% to 60%, polydimethylsiloxane, emulsifier and optionally stabilizer and water.

2. The mixture according to claim 1 characterized by comprising polydimethylsiloxane with viscosity lower than 15000 cSt in amount of 10% to 35%.

3. The mixture according to claim 1 characterized by comprising one or more emulsifiers combined.

4. The mixture according to claim 3 characterized by comprising emulsifier the HLB value of which is lower than 6, in amount of 2% to 30%.

5. The mixture according to claim 3 characterized by comprising emulsifier the HLB value of which is greater than 14, in amount 2% to 45%.

6. The mixture according to claim 1 characterized by optionally comprising stabilizer and water.

7. The mixture according to application 6 characterized by the fact that the stabilizer is a cellulose derivate.

8. The mixture according to claim 7 characterized by comprising sodium carboxymethylcellulose in amount of 2% to 10%.

9. The mixture according to claim 1 characterized by comprising water in amount of 40%.

10. The mixture according to claim 1 characterized by the form of a partially stable emulsion.

11. The mixture defined by patent claim 1 -10 for use as insecticidal and acaricidal product.

12. The mixture according to claim 11 for use in poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae control.