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WO2018133900A1 - Stand-alone energy facility - Google Patents

Stand-alone energy facility Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133900A1
WO2018133900A1 PCT/DE2018/100024 DE2018100024W WO2018133900A1 WO 2018133900 A1 WO2018133900 A1 WO 2018133900A1 DE 2018100024 W DE2018100024 W DE 2018100024W WO 2018133900 A1 WO2018133900 A1 WO 2018133900A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
heat
plant according
combined
memory cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2018/100024
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Hornig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BPE INTERNATIONAL DR HORNIG GmbH
Original Assignee
BPE INTERNATIONAL DR HORNIG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BPE INTERNATIONAL DR HORNIG GmbH filed Critical BPE INTERNATIONAL DR HORNIG GmbH
Priority to EP18704138.9A priority Critical patent/EP3571724A1/en
Publication of WO2018133900A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133900A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/60Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or compensating for temperature fluctuations
    • H10F77/63Arrangements for cooling directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. heat sinks directly associated with the photovoltaic cells or integrated Peltier elements for active cooling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10FINORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/60Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or compensating for temperature fluctuations
    • H10F77/63Arrangements for cooling directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. heat sinks directly associated with the photovoltaic cells or integrated Peltier elements for active cooling
    • H10F77/68Arrangements for cooling directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. heat sinks directly associated with the photovoltaic cells or integrated Peltier elements for active cooling using gaseous or liquid coolants, e.g. air flow ventilation or water circulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10NELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N10/00Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
    • H10N10/10Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
    • H10N10/13Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an autonomous energy plant for the conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy; It is particularly suitable for use in unexplored areas without network infrastructure.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an autonomous energy system for the decentralized conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy with a low-cost energy storage, which makes it possible to ensure a largely uniform generation profile of the emitted electrical power even with temporally fluctuating intensity of the solar radiation.
  • the autonomous power plant has at least three modules, namely in each case at least one base photovoltaic module, a combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module and a thermo-generator memory cell, which are each separately networked by means of power and data lines with a control and regulation unit.
  • the control and regulation unit is used to regulate power peaks and power valleys of the individual modules and their units.
  • the base photovoltaic module comprises a base photovoltaic element, the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module, a combination photovoltaic element and a combination Peltier element, and finally the thermo-generator memory cell, a memory cell Peltier element.
  • base the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module
  • combination photovoltaic element a combination photovoltaic element and a combination Peltier element
  • thermo-generator memory cell a memory cell Peltier element
  • the memory cell Peltier element has a first and a second thermal contact surface and, when used as intended, the first thermal contact surface is oriented towards the sun during the daytime, so that the first thermal contact surface is directly or indirectly heated by the solar radiation
  • the second thermal contact surface is located On the side of the memory cell Peltier element which lies opposite the first thermal contact surface, it is connected to a heat conducting body of a material with high thermal conductivity, for example a metallic material, in a thermally contacting manner
  • the heat-conducting body materials are aluminum or copper alloys.
  • thermo generator memory cell further has a heat insulating container which is open on one side and filled with a heat storage material.
  • the heat conduction per is embedded in the heat storage material in the heat insulating, whereby heat storage material and heat conducting body are in direct contact.
  • the walls of the heat insulating container consist of a thermally insulating material, for example a ceramic. Alternatively, they may be constructed in a generally known manner thermally insulating, for example double-walled.
  • the heat insulating container can be designed, for example, as a rectangular, open-topped box into which the heat-conducting body with the memory cell Peltier element mounted on its upper side is inserted.
  • the memory cell Peltier element is arranged in the region of the opening of the michisolier representativesers, wherein the first thermal contact surface to the outside, d. h., in normal operation in the direction of the sun, is directed.
  • the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element is always located outside of the heat storage material.
  • the Peltier element may only be in contact with the heat storage material in the lateral regions directly adjacent to the second thermal contact surface.
  • the opening of the insulating container may be closed by a cover which has a recess in the region of the Peltier element or is permeable to heat radiation.
  • a heat-radiation-permeable cover for example of a thermally conductive material, on the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element.
  • One of the advantages of the autonomous energy system is that by means of the control and regulation unit power peaks and power valleys of the individual modules and components are balanced among one another and thus a largely uniform generation profile of the electrical power output is present.
  • the thermal generator cell is exposed to incident solar radiation during the daytime.
  • the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element heats up and a temperature gradient builds up between the first heating thermal contact surface and the second, cooler thermal contact surface. This in turn leads to the formation of a heat flow from the first thermal contact surface towards the second thermal contact surface, which is converted into electric current in the Peltier element and dissipated as usable energy.
  • the temperature of the second thermal contact surface increases and there is a temperature gradient between the latter and the thermal storage material in thermal contact with it via the heat-conducting body. Heat flows from the second thermal contact surface to the heat storage material and heats it up. The storage of heat takes place in the heat storage material as internal energy.
  • thermogenerator memory cell is in the subsequent night, ie after sunset, continue, usually unchanged, exposed to a day compared to the cooler ambient atmosphere.
  • the temperature of the first thermal contact area of the memory cell Peltier element drops.
  • the second thermal contact surface is in thermal contact with the heat storage material heated during the daytime, the temperature at the second thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element - after sufficient external cooling - is higher than that of the first thermal contact surface.
  • a negative thermal gradient now results between the first and second thermal contact surfaces with a temperature gradient that is opposite during the heating-up period.
  • the forming heat flow is converted into electrical energy in the memory cell Peltier element and dissipated as usable energy.
  • the heat storage material Due to the heat flow from the heat storage material via the heat conducting body, the second and the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element towards the ambient atmosphere, the heat storage material cools during this nocturnal cooling period. Finally, it comes to temperature compensation, ie, the temperature of the heat storage material corresponds to the temperature of the ambient atmosphere.
  • thermo generator memory cell with self-charging energy storage
  • electrical energy is generated simultaneously in the basic photovoltaic module and in the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module. Caching the thermal energy during the daytime in the heat storage material allows the stored energy to be used for electricity production during the following night time.
  • Another advantage of the autonomous energy system is that the power dip of the base and the combined photovoltaic elements due to the heating at very strong solar radiation can be compensated by an increased electrical energy conversion in the networked Peltier elements.
  • the number and size of the Peltier elements, in particular those of the combined Peltier elements are selected so that they are just sufficient to compensate for the power loss due to the heating of the photovoltaic elements, which is specific for the respective location.
  • the plant is particularly suitable for decentralized use in geo- graphical locations with greatly varying solar radiation intensity and pronounced temperature differences between daytime and nighttime, for example in the undeveloped desert areas of developing and emerging countries.
  • control and regulation unit can be connected to an accumulator for intermediate storage of electrical energy.
  • accumulators in particular improves the short-time compensation of electrical power fluctuations.
  • the heat storage material of the thermal generator storage cell is preferably a formun relies and volume-resistant material, ie, for example, a Fluids sity, a granulate or a mixture thereof. Mold-resistant materials have the advantage that they completely fill the space between the heat insulating container and the heat-conducting body. The large contact surface between heat conducting body and heat storage material ensures an intensive heat transfer. Water is particularly suitable as a heat storage material, since it has a high heat capacity; In addition, it can be inexpensively replaced or refilled.
  • Granules or mixtures of granules and liquids have the advantage that it is possible to set a defined, uniform distance between the heat conducting body and the heat insulating container within the thermal generator storage cell.
  • the granules may be present as granular materials, for example sand, or as powdery materials, such as rock flour.
  • mixtures of granules and liquids apart from a stable distance from the heat-conducting body to the heat-insulating container, a particularly intensive heat transfer through the liquid component is ensured by the granule component.
  • Particularly advantageous as energy storage material are mixtures of porous granules, for example based on bentonite or zeolite, and water, since heat can also be latently stored as heat of adsorption.
  • the heat storage material according to one embodiment of the invention, a phase change material with a phase change in the temperature range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C.
  • the advantage of the phase change material is that due to the partial heat storage as latent heat, the storage capacity of the heat storage material is significantly increased.
  • Such a phase change material may for example be present as a liquid in the high temperature range and as a solid in the lower temperature range.
  • the heat conducting body is positively inserted into the opening of the heat insulating, so that the heat insulating is largely closed by the heat conducting body and the Peltier element mounted thereon. Heat flows into or out of the heat insulating container take place in the sentlichen over the memory cell Peltier element; Loss heat flows are avoided or reduced. In addition, the leakage of the heat storage material, for example during transport of the thermal generator memory cell prevented.
  • the heat-conducting body is a metal foam.
  • the large specific surface of the metal foams and the resulting large contact surface with the heat storage material allows efficient heat transfer. Particularly suitable are open-pored metal foams, since these are completely penetrated in a thermo generator memory cell with liquid heat storage material, so that the heat transfer also takes place via the inner surfaces of the metal foam.
  • the thermal generator storage cell has a storage cell photovoltaic element which is connected in thermal contact with the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element; the storage cell photovoltaic element is separately connected to the control unit.
  • the one or more base photovoltaic elements of the base photovoltaic module are thermally contacting mounted on a float.
  • the floating body is made of a metallic material, for example of an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy or another light metal alloy. It has a waterproof sandwich construction, preferably with a cover plate, a base plate and a thin sheet metal structure arranged between the two.
  • the thin sheet structure may be, for example, a corrugated iron structure, a honeycomb structure, a closed-cell metal foam or a folded honeycomb structure.
  • one or more closed cavities are formed, which are enclosed by the walls of the thin sheet structure, the bottom plate and / or the cover plate.
  • the energy system can have one or more solar radiation sensors, by means of which the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation, ie the intensity of the total direct and diffuse solar radiation, can be detected. They are each connected to the control and regulation unit through power and data lines. It can further be provided that the combined Peltier element of the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module is thermally contacting areally mounted on the combi-photovoltaic element, wherein the combined Peltier element and the combined Fotovoltaikelement independently connected by power and data lines with the control and regulation unit are. This allows the targeted control of the combination Peltier element for heating or cooling of the combined photovoltaic element, so that it can be operated in an optimum temperature range.
  • a temperature sensor connected to the control and regulation unit by means of power and data lines is mounted on the combination photovoltaic element for determining its actual temperature.
  • the control and regulation unit is set up to determine a desired temperature of the combined photovoltaic element from a stored temperature characteristic, the actual temperature and the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation, and the combination Peltier element as a heat pump for selectively heating or cooling the combi - operate photovoltaic elements.
  • the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module can have a heat sink, which is attached in a thermally contacting manner on the contact surface of the combined Peltier element opposite the combi-photovoltaic element.
  • the heat sink can in turn be made buoyant, wherein the heat sink is made of a metallic material and has a waterproof sandwich construction.
  • the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module is balanced in such a way that the combined photovoltaic element is always above the water surface in the floating state.
  • the control and regulation unit 5 networks the modules of the energy system, namely the basic photovoltaic module 1, the combined photovoltaic thermal generator module 2 and the thermo generator memory cell 3, by means of the power and data lines 7 and regulates the power output of the converted from the incident solar radiation 8 electrical energy at the DC take-off point 6.
  • the intensity of the incident global solar radiation 8 can be determined by means of the solar radiation sensor 9 connected by the power and data lines 7 to the control and regulation unit 5.
  • the base photovoltaic module 1 has the watertight float 1 .2 on which the base photovoltaic element 1 .1 is attached in a thermally contacting manner.
  • the three-part floating body 1 .2 itself consists of a cover plate, a bottom plate and the intervening thin-sheet honeycomb structure (each without reference numerals).
  • the combined Peltier element 2.2 and the combined photovoltaic element 2.1 of the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module 2 are each connected to the control and regulation unit 5 with separate power and data lines 7. Another power and data line 7 leads to the temperature sensor 2.4 attached to the combined photovoltaic element 2.1.
  • the combined Peltier element 2.2 stands on its surface facing away from the solar radiation in thermal contact with the heat sink 2.3 attached thereto.
  • the memory cell Peltier element 3.1 is connected via power and data lines 7 to the control and regulation unit 5; On the underside of the memory cell Peltier element 3.1, the heat-conducting body 3.2 is fastened in a thermally contacting manner from an open-pore aluminum foam.
  • the heat-conducting body 3.2 is inserted so that at least the bottom surface of the heat-conducting body 3.2 completely immersed in the heat storage material 3.4.
  • the heat storage material 3.4 is water.
  • the heat insulating 3.3 is made of a thermally insulating ceramic.

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a stand-alone energy facility for converting solar radiation (8) into electrical energy with a cost-effective energy storage device for buffering power peaks and for compensating power dips for a largely homogeneous production profile of the electrical power emitted. The energy facility comprises a base photovoltaic module (1), a combined photovoltaic thermogenerator module (2), and a thermogenerator storage cell (3), which are interconnected by means of a control and regulating unit (5). It is particulary suitable for using in undeveloped regions without network infrastructure.

Description

Autonome Energieanlage  Autonomous energy plant

Die Erfindung betrifft eine autonome Energieanlage zur Umwandlung von Solarstrahlung in elektrische Energie; sie eignet sich insbesondere für den Einsatz in uner- schlossenen Gebieten ohne Netzinfrastruktur. The invention relates to an autonomous energy plant for the conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy; It is particularly suitable for use in unexplored areas without network infrastructure.

Allgemein bekannt ist die Umwandlung von Solarstrahlung in elektrische Energie durch Ausnutzung des fotoelektrischen Effektes mittels Fotovoltaikelementen sowie des Seebeck-Effektes mittels Peltierelementen bzw. Thermogeneratoren. Auch kom- binierte Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratorsysteme, u. a. beschrieben in Commonly known is the conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy by utilizing the photoelectric effect by means of photovoltaic elements and the Seebeck effect by means of Peltier elements or thermal generators. Also combined photovoltaic thermogenerator systems, u. a. described in

DE 10 201 1 051 507 A1 beschrieben, sind geläufig. DE 10 201 1 051 507 A1 are known.

Problematisch - wie bei den meisten regenerativen Energiesystemen - ist die Un- gleichmäßigkeit der abgegeben bzw. nutzbaren elektrische Leistung aufgrund der natürlichen, tageszeitbedingten Schwankungen der Solarstrahlung - aber auch infolge von Effekten, wie dem als„Voltage-Drop" bekannten Phänomen des Leistungseinbruches nach starker Aufheizung von Fotovoltaikelementen. As with most regenerative energy systems, the uneven- ness of the delivered or usable electric power is problematic due to the natural, daytime fluctuations of the solar radiation - but also due to effects such as the phenomenon of the power dip known as "voltage drop" Heating of photovoltaic elements.

Zur Pufferung der elektrischen Energie ist es zwar möglich, die solaren Energieanla- gen mit Akkumulatoren, also herkömmlichen wiederaufladbaren elektrochemischen Energiespeichern, zu koppeln; effiziente, langlebige Akkumulatoren sind jedoch häufig so kostenintensiv, dass sich deren Verwendung im Bereich Energieanlagenbau bislang nicht flächendeckend durchgesetzt hat. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine autonome Energieanlage zur dezentralen Umwandlung von Solarstrahlung in elektrische Energie mit einem kostengünstigen Energiespeicher bereitzustellen, die es ermöglicht, auch bei zeitlich schwankender Intensität der Solarstrahlung ein weitgehend gleichmäßiges Erzeugungsprofil der abgegebenen elektrischen Leistung zu gewährleisten. To buffer the electrical energy, it is indeed possible to couple the solar energy systems with accumulators, that is to say conventional rechargeable electrochemical energy stores; However, efficient, long-lasting accumulators are often so cost-intensive that their use in the field of energy plant construction has not been widespread. The object of the invention is to provide an autonomous energy system for the decentralized conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy with a low-cost energy storage, which makes it possible to ensure a largely uniform generation profile of the emitted electrical power even with temporally fluctuating intensity of the solar radiation.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die autonome Energieanlage mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen nach dem Anspruch 1 gelöst; zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 12 beschrieben. Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung weist die autonome Energieanlage wenigstens drei Module, nämlich jeweils mindestens ein Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul, eine kombiniertes Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormodul und eine Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle auf, die jeweils separat mittels Strom- und Datenleitungen mit einer Steuer- und Regelungseinheit vernetzt sind. Die Steuer- und Regelungseinheit dient zur Regulierung von Leistungsspitzen und Leistungstälern der einzelnen Module sowie deren Baueinheiten. Das Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul umfasst ein Basis-Fotovoltaikelement, das kombiniertes Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormodul ein Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement sowie ein Kombi- Peltierelement und schließlich die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle ein Speicherzellen- Peltierelement. Zur Unterscheidung der Fotovoltaik- und Peltierelemente der unterschiedlichen Module der Energieanlage werden jeweils die Vorsilben„Basis-",„Kombi-" sowie„Speicherzellen-" verwendet. Die Vorsilben beschränken die Funktionalität der jeweiligen Elemente nicht; sie dienen lediglich der Zuordnung und Unterscheidung. Das Speicherzellen-Peltierelement weist eine erste und eine zweiten Thermokontakt- fläche auf. Bei bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch ist die erste Thermokontaktfläche während der Tagzeit in Richtung der Sonne ausgerichtet, sodass die erste Thermokontaktfläche durch die Solarstrahlung direkt oder auch indirekt erwärmt wird. Die zweite Thermokontaktfläche befindet sich auf der der ersten Thermokontaktfläche gegenüberliegenden Seite des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements. Sie ist erfindungsgemäß mit einem Wärmeleitkörper aus einem Material mit hoher thermischer Leitfähigkeit, zum Beispiel einem metallischen Werkstoff, thermisch kontaktierend verbunden. Besonders geeignete Wärmeleitkörperwerkstoffe sind Aluminium - oder Kupferlegierungen. The object is achieved by the autonomous energy system with the characterizing features of claim 1; Advantageous developments of the invention are described in claims 2 to 12. According to the invention, the autonomous power plant has at least three modules, namely in each case at least one base photovoltaic module, a combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module and a thermo-generator memory cell, which are each separately networked by means of power and data lines with a control and regulation unit. The control and regulation unit is used to regulate power peaks and power valleys of the individual modules and their units. The base photovoltaic module comprises a base photovoltaic element, the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module, a combination photovoltaic element and a combination Peltier element, and finally the thermo-generator memory cell, a memory cell Peltier element. In order to distinguish the photovoltaic and Peltier elements of the different modules of the energy system, the prefixes "base", "combination" and "memory cells" are used in each case The prefixes do not limit the functionality of the respective elements, they serve only for the assignment and differentiation. The memory cell Peltier element has a first and a second thermal contact surface and, when used as intended, the first thermal contact surface is oriented towards the sun during the daytime, so that the first thermal contact surface is directly or indirectly heated by the solar radiation The second thermal contact surface is located On the side of the memory cell Peltier element which lies opposite the first thermal contact surface, it is connected to a heat conducting body of a material with high thermal conductivity, for example a metallic material, in a thermally contacting manner The heat-conducting body materials are aluminum or copper alloys.

Die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle besitzt weiterhin einen einseitig offenen, mit einem Wärmespeichermaterial gefüllten Wärmeisolierbehälter auf. Der Wärmeleitkör- per ist in das Wärmespeichermaterial im Wärmeisolierbehälter eingebettet, wodurch Wärmespeichermaterial und Wärmeleitkörper in direktem Kontakt stehen. The thermo generator memory cell further has a heat insulating container which is open on one side and filled with a heat storage material. The heat conduction per is embedded in the heat storage material in the heat insulating, whereby heat storage material and heat conducting body are in direct contact.

Die Wandungen des Wärmeisolierbehälters bestehen aus einem thermisch isolieren- den Material, zum Beispiel einer Keramik. Alternativ können sie in allgemein bekannter Weise thermisch isolierend konstruiert sein, zum Beispiel doppelwandig. The walls of the heat insulating container consist of a thermally insulating material, for example a ceramic. Alternatively, they may be constructed in a generally known manner thermally insulating, for example double-walled.

Der Wärmeisolierbehälter kann zum Beispiel als quaderförmiger, nach oben offener Kasten ausgeführt sein, in den der Wärmeleitkörper mit dem auf seiner Oberseite angebrachten Speicherzellen-Peltierelement eingesetzt ist. The heat insulating container can be designed, for example, as a rectangular, open-topped box into which the heat-conducting body with the memory cell Peltier element mounted on its upper side is inserted.

Das Speicherzellen-Peltierelement ist im Bereich der Öffnung des Wärmeisolierbehälters angeordnet, wobei die erste Thermokontaktfläche nach außen, d. h., bei bestimmungsgemäßem Betrieb in Richtung der Sonne, gerichtet ist. The memory cell Peltier element is arranged in the region of the opening of the Wärmeisolierbehälters, wherein the first thermal contact surface to the outside, d. h., in normal operation in the direction of the sun, is directed.

Die erste Thermokontaktfläche des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements befindet sich stets außerhalb des Wärmespeichermaterials. Das Peltierelement darf lediglich in den unmittelbar an die zweite Thermokontaktfläche angrenzenden, seitlichen Bereichen mit dem Wärmespeichermaterial kontaktiert sein. The first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element is always located outside of the heat storage material. The Peltier element may only be in contact with the heat storage material in the lateral regions directly adjacent to the second thermal contact surface.

Die Öffnung des Isolierbehälters kann mit einer Abdeckung verschlossen sein, die im Bereich des Peltierelements eine Aussparung aufweist oder für Wärmestrahlung durchlässig ist. Zudem ist es möglich, eine für Wärmestrahlen durchlässige Abdeckung, zum Beispiel aus einem wärmeleitfähigen Material, auf der ersten Thermo- kontaktfläche des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements anzubringen. The opening of the insulating container may be closed by a cover which has a recess in the region of the Peltier element or is permeable to heat radiation. In addition, it is possible to mount a heat-radiation-permeable cover, for example of a thermally conductive material, on the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element.

Einer der Vorteile der autonomen Energieanlage ist, dass mittels der Steuer- und Reglungseinheit Leistungsspitzen und Leistungstäler der einzelnen Module und Bauelemente untereinander ausgeglichen werden und somit ein weitgehend gleichmäßi- ges Erzeugungsprofil der abgegebenen elektrischen Leistung vorliegt. One of the advantages of the autonomous energy system is that by means of the control and regulation unit power peaks and power valleys of the individual modules and components are balanced among one another and thus a largely uniform generation profile of the electrical power output is present.

Leistungstäler des Basis-Fotovoltaikmoduls und des kombinierten Fotovoltaik- Thermogeneratormoduls während des Nachtbetriebes werden erfindungsgemäß durch die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle ausgeglichen. Die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle wird während der Tagzeit einfallender Solarstrahlung ausgesetzt. Die erste Therm okontaktf läche des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements heizt sich auf und es baut sich ein Temperaturgradient zwischen der ersten, sich aufheizenden Thermokontaktfläche und der zweiten, kühleren Thermokontaktfläche auf. Dies wiederum führt zur Ausbildung eines Wärmeflusses von der ersten Thermokontaktfläche hin zur zweiten Thermokontaktfläche, der im Peltierelement in elektrischen Strom gewandelt und als nutzbare Energie abgeführt wird. Während dieser solarstrahlungsbedingten Aufheizperiode erhöht sich die Temperatur der zweiten Thermokontaktfläche und es entsteht ein Temperaturgradient zwischen dieser und dem mit ihr über den Wärmeleitkörper in thermischen Kontakt stehenden Wärmespeichermaterial. Wärme strömt von der zweiten Thermokontaktfläche zum Wärmespeichermaterial und heizt dieses auf. Die Speicherung der Wärme erfolgt im Wärmespeichermaterial als innere Energie. Power valleys of the basic photovoltaic module and the combined photovoltaic thermal generator module during night operation are compensated according to the invention by the thermal generator memory cell. The thermal generator cell is exposed to incident solar radiation during the daytime. The first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element heats up and a temperature gradient builds up between the first heating thermal contact surface and the second, cooler thermal contact surface. This in turn leads to the formation of a heat flow from the first thermal contact surface towards the second thermal contact surface, which is converted into electric current in the Peltier element and dissipated as usable energy. During this solar radiation-related heating period, the temperature of the second thermal contact surface increases and there is a temperature gradient between the latter and the thermal storage material in thermal contact with it via the heat-conducting body. Heat flows from the second thermal contact surface to the heat storage material and heats it up. The storage of heat takes place in the heat storage material as internal energy.

Die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle wird in der nachfolgenden Nachtzeit, also nach Sonnenuntergang, weiterhin, üblicherweise ortsunverändert, einer im Vergleich zum Tag kühleren Umgebungsatmosphäre ausgesetzt. Die Temperatur der ersten Ther- m okontaktf läche des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements sinkt infolgedessen. Da die zweite Thermokontaktfläche mit dem während der Tagzeit aufgeheizten Wärmespeichermaterial in thermischen Kontakt steht, ist die Temperatur an der zweiten Thermokontaktfläche des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements - nach genügender Außenkühlung - höher als die der ersten Thermokontaktfläche. Es entsteht wiederum ein nun- mehr negativer Thermogradient zwischen erster und zweiter Thermokontaktfläche mit einem Temperaturgefälle, dass dem während der Aufheizperiode entgegengerichtet ist. Der sich ausbildende Wärmestrom wird im Speicherzellen-Peltierelement in elektrischen Strom gewandelt und als nutzbare Energie abgeführt. Durch den Wärmestrom vom Wärmespeichermaterial über den Wärmeleitkörper, die zweite und die erste Thermokontaktfläche des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements hin zur Umgebungsatmosphäre kühlt sich das Wärmespeichermaterial während dieser nächtlichen Abkühlperiode ab. Abschließend kommt es zum Temperaturausgleich, d. h., die Temperatur des Wärmespeichermaterials entspricht der Temperatur der Umgebungsatmosphäre. The thermogenerator memory cell is in the subsequent night, ie after sunset, continue, usually unchanged, exposed to a day compared to the cooler ambient atmosphere. As a result, the temperature of the first thermal contact area of the memory cell Peltier element drops. Since the second thermal contact surface is in thermal contact with the heat storage material heated during the daytime, the temperature at the second thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element - after sufficient external cooling - is higher than that of the first thermal contact surface. In turn, a negative thermal gradient now results between the first and second thermal contact surfaces with a temperature gradient that is opposite during the heating-up period. The forming heat flow is converted into electrical energy in the memory cell Peltier element and dissipated as usable energy. Due to the heat flow from the heat storage material via the heat conducting body, the second and the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element towards the ambient atmosphere, the heat storage material cools during this nocturnal cooling period. Finally, it comes to temperature compensation, ie, the temperature of the heat storage material corresponds to the temperature of the ambient atmosphere.

Mit Beginn der folgenden Tagzeit kann der beschriebene Verfahrensablauf erneut gestartet werden; dies gestattet einen kontinuierlicher Betrieb der Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle mit selbstaufladendem Energiespeicher; zudem werden im Basis- Fotovoltaikmodul und im kombinierten Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormodul gleichzeitig elektrische Energie erzeugt. Die Zwischenspeicherung der thermischen Energie während der Tagzeit im Wärmespeichermaterial ermöglicht es, die gespeicherte Energie während der folgenden Nachtzeit zur Strom Produktion zu nutzen. At the beginning of the following daytime, the procedure described can be restarted; this allows a continuous operation of the thermo generator memory cell with self-charging energy storage; In addition, electrical energy is generated simultaneously in the basic photovoltaic module and in the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module. Caching the thermal energy during the daytime in the heat storage material allows the stored energy to be used for electricity production during the following night time.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der autonomen Energieanlage ist, dass der Leistungseinbruch der Basis- und der Kombi-Fotovoltaikelemente infolge der Erwärmung bei sehr starker Solarstrahlung durch eine erhöhte elektrische Energiewandlung in den vernetzten Peltierelementen ausgeglichen werden kann. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Anzahl und Größe der Peltierelemente, insbesondere die der Kombi-Peltierelemente, so gewählt, dass diese gerade ausreichen, den durch die Erwärmung der Fotovoltaikele- mente bedingten, für den jeweiligen Standort spezifischen Leistungseinbruch zu kompensieren. Another advantage of the autonomous energy system is that the power dip of the base and the combined photovoltaic elements due to the heating at very strong solar radiation can be compensated by an increased electrical energy conversion in the networked Peltier elements. Expediently, the number and size of the Peltier elements, in particular those of the combined Peltier elements, are selected so that they are just sufficient to compensate for the power loss due to the heating of the photovoltaic elements, which is specific for the respective location.

Die Anlage eignet sich infolgedessen besonders für den dezentralen Einsatz in geo- grafischen Lagen mit stark wechselnder Intensität der Solarstrahlung und ausgepräg- ten Temperaturdifferenzen zwischen Tag- und Nachtzeit, beispielsweise in uner- schlossenen Wüstengebieten von Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern. As a result, the plant is particularly suitable for decentralized use in geo- graphical locations with greatly varying solar radiation intensity and pronounced temperature differences between daytime and nighttime, for example in the undeveloped desert areas of developing and emerging countries.

In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die Steuer- und Regelungseinheit mit einem Akkumulator zur Zwischenspeicherung elektrischer Energie verbunden sein. Die Anwendung von Akkumulatoren verbessert insbesondere den Kurzzeitausgleich von elektrischen Leistungsschwankungen. In one embodiment of the invention, the control and regulation unit can be connected to an accumulator for intermediate storage of electrical energy. The use of accumulators in particular improves the short-time compensation of electrical power fluctuations.

Das Wärmespeichermaterial der Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle ist vorzugsweise ein formunbeständiges und volumenbeständiges Material, d. h. zum Beispiel eine Flüs- sigkeit, ein Granulat oder ein Gemisch derselben. Formunbeständige Materialien besitzen den Vorteil, dass sie den Raum zwischen Wärmeisolierbehälter und Wärmeleitkörper vollständig ausfüllen. Die große Kontaktfläche zwischen Wärmeleitkörper und Wärmespeichermaterial gewährleistet einen intensiven Wärmeübergang. Be- sonders geeignet ist Wasser als Wärmespeichermaterial, da es eine hohe Wärmekapazität besitzt; zudem kann es kostengünstig ausgetauscht oder nachgefüllt werden. The heat storage material of the thermal generator storage cell is preferably a formunständiges and volume-resistant material, ie, for example, a Fluids sity, a granulate or a mixture thereof. Mold-resistant materials have the advantage that they completely fill the space between the heat insulating container and the heat-conducting body. The large contact surface between heat conducting body and heat storage material ensures an intensive heat transfer. Water is particularly suitable as a heat storage material, since it has a high heat capacity; In addition, it can be inexpensively replaced or refilled.

Granulate oder Gemische aus Granulaten und Flüssigkeiten besitzen den Vorteil, dass sich ein definierter, gleichbleibender Abstand zwischen dem Wärmeleitkörper und dem Wärmeisolierbehälter innerhalb der Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle einstellen lässt. Die Granulate können als körnige Materialien, zum Beispiel Sand, oder als pulverförmige Materialien, wie Gesteinsmehl, vorliegen. Durch Verwendung von Mischungen aus Granulaten und Flüssigkeiten ist neben einem stabilen Abstand vom Wärmeleitkörper zum Wärmeisolierbehälter durch die Granulatkomponente ein besonders intensiver Wärmeübergang durch die Flüssigkeitskomponente gewährleistet. Besonders vorteilhaft als Energiespeichermaterial sind Mischungen aus porösen Granulaten, zum Beispiel auf Basis von Bentonit oder Zeolith, und Wasser, da Wärme auch latent als Adsorptionswärme gespeichert werden kann. Granules or mixtures of granules and liquids have the advantage that it is possible to set a defined, uniform distance between the heat conducting body and the heat insulating container within the thermal generator storage cell. The granules may be present as granular materials, for example sand, or as powdery materials, such as rock flour. By using mixtures of granules and liquids, apart from a stable distance from the heat-conducting body to the heat-insulating container, a particularly intensive heat transfer through the liquid component is ensured by the granule component. Particularly advantageous as energy storage material are mixtures of porous granules, for example based on bentonite or zeolite, and water, since heat can also be latently stored as heat of adsorption.

Das Wärmespeichermaterial ist gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein Pha- senwechselmaterial mit einem Phasenwechsel im Temperaturbereich von 10 °C bis 50 °C. Der Vorteil des Phasenwechselmaterials besteht darin, dass infolge der partiellen Wärmespeicherung als latente Wärme die Speicherkapazität des Wärmespeichermaterials deutlich erhöht wird. Ein solches Phasenwechselmaterial kann beispielsweise im hohen Temperaturbereich als Flüssigkeit und im niedrigeren Temperaturbereich als Feststoff vorliegen. The heat storage material according to one embodiment of the invention, a phase change material with a phase change in the temperature range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C. The advantage of the phase change material is that due to the partial heat storage as latent heat, the storage capacity of the heat storage material is significantly increased. Such a phase change material may for example be present as a liquid in the high temperature range and as a solid in the lower temperature range.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Wärmeleitkörper formschlüssig in die Öffnung des Wärmeisolierbehälters eingebracht, sodass der Wärmeisolierbehälter durch den eingesetzten Wärmeleitkörper und das darauf angebrachte Peltierelement weitestgehend verschlossen ist. Wärmeströme in oder aus dem Wärmeisolierbehälter erfolgen im We- sentlichen über das Speicherzellen-Peltierelement; Verlustwärmeströme werden vermieden bzw. verringert. Zudem wird das Austreten des Wärmespeichermaterials, zum Beispiel beim Transport der Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle, verhindert. Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Wärmeleitkörper ein Metallschaum. Die große spezifische Oberfläche der Metallschäume und die daraus resultierende große Kontaktfläche zum Wärmespeichermaterial ermöglicht eine effiziente Wärmeübertragung. Besonders geeignet sind offenporige Metallschäume, da diese in einer Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle mit flüssigem Wärmespeichermaterial vollständig durchdrungen sind, sodass der Wärmeübergang auch über die inneren Oberflächen des Metallschaums stattfindet. Advantageously, the heat conducting body is positively inserted into the opening of the heat insulating, so that the heat insulating is largely closed by the heat conducting body and the Peltier element mounted thereon. Heat flows into or out of the heat insulating container take place in the sentlichen over the memory cell Peltier element; Loss heat flows are avoided or reduced. In addition, the leakage of the heat storage material, for example during transport of the thermal generator memory cell prevented. According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat-conducting body is a metal foam. The large specific surface of the metal foams and the resulting large contact surface with the heat storage material allows efficient heat transfer. Particularly suitable are open-pored metal foams, since these are completely penetrated in a thermo generator memory cell with liquid heat storage material, so that the heat transfer also takes place via the inner surfaces of the metal foam.

Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle ein Speicherzel- len-Fotovoltaikelement aufweist, welches thermisch kontaktierend mit der ersten Thermokontaktfläche des Speicherzellen-Peltierelements verbunden ist; das Spei- cherzellen-Fotovoltaikelements ist separat mit der Steuer- und Regelungseinheit verbunden. It can be provided that the thermal generator storage cell has a storage cell photovoltaic element which is connected in thermal contact with the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element; the storage cell photovoltaic element is separately connected to the control unit.

In einer Ausgestaltung sind das oder die Basis-Fotovoltaikelemente des Basis- Fotovoltaikmoduls thermisch kontaktierend auf einem Schwimmkörper angebracht. Der Schwimmkörper besteht aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, zum Beispiel aus einer Aluminiumlegierungen, einer Titanlegierungen oder einer anderen Leichtmetalllegierung. Er weist einen wasserdichten Sandwichaufbau vorzugsweise mit einer Deckplatte, einer Bodenplatte und einer zwischen diesen beiden angeordneten Dünnblechstruktur auf. Die Dünnblechstruktur kann zum Beispiel eine Wellblechstruktur, eine Honigwabenstruktur, ein geschlossenporiger Metallschaum oder eine Faltwabenstruktur sein. Innerhalb des Sandwichaufbaus sind ein oder mehrere abgeschlossene Hohlräume ausgebildet, die von den Wänden der Dünnblechstruktur, der Bodenplatte und/oder der Deckplatte umschlossen sind. In one embodiment, the one or more base photovoltaic elements of the base photovoltaic module are thermally contacting mounted on a float. The floating body is made of a metallic material, for example of an aluminum alloy, a titanium alloy or another light metal alloy. It has a waterproof sandwich construction, preferably with a cover plate, a base plate and a thin sheet metal structure arranged between the two. The thin sheet structure may be, for example, a corrugated iron structure, a honeycomb structure, a closed-cell metal foam or a folded honeycomb structure. Within the sandwich structure, one or more closed cavities are formed, which are enclosed by the walls of the thin sheet structure, the bottom plate and / or the cover plate.

Die Energieanlage kann einen oder mehrere Solarstrahlungssensoren besitzen, mittels derer der Momentanwert der globalen Solarstrahlung, d. h. der Intensität der gesamten direkten und diffusen Solarstrahlung, erfassbar ist. Sie sind jeweils mit der Steuer- und Regelungseinheit durch Strom- und Datenleitungen verbunden. Es kann weiterhin vorgesehen sein, dass das Kombi-Peltierelement des kombinierten Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormoduls flächig thermisch kontaktierend am Kombi- Fotovoltaikelement angebracht ist, wobei das Kombi-Peltierelement und das Kombi- Fotovoltaikelement unabhängig voneinander durch Strom- und Datenleitungen mit der Steuer- und Regelungseinheit verbunden sind. Dies ermöglicht die gezielte Steuerung des Kombi-Peltierelements zum Heizen oder Kühlen des Kombi- Fotovoltaikelements, sodass dieses in einem optimalen Temperaturbereich betrieben werden kann. The energy system can have one or more solar radiation sensors, by means of which the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation, ie the intensity of the total direct and diffuse solar radiation, can be detected. They are each connected to the control and regulation unit through power and data lines. It can further be provided that the combined Peltier element of the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module is thermally contacting areally mounted on the combi-photovoltaic element, wherein the combined Peltier element and the combined Fotovoltaikelement independently connected by power and data lines with the control and regulation unit are. This allows the targeted control of the combination Peltier element for heating or cooling of the combined photovoltaic element, so that it can be operated in an optimum temperature range.

In einer Ausführung der Energieanlage mit einem solchen kombinierten Fotovoltaik- Thermogeneratormodul ist ein durch Strom- und Datenleitungen mit der Steuer- und Regelungseinheit verbundener Temperatursensor am Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement zur Bestimmung von dessen Ist-Temperatur angebracht. Die Steuer- und Regelungsein- heit ist derart eingerichtet, aus einer hinterlegten Temperaturcharakteristik, der Ist- Temperatur und dem Momentanwert der globalen Solarstrahlung eine Soll- Temperatur des Kombi-Fotovoltaikelements zu bestimmen und das Kombi- Peltierelement als Wärmepumpe zum wahlweisen Heizen oder Kühlen des Kombi- Fotovoltaikelements zu betreiben. In one embodiment of the energy system with such a combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module, a temperature sensor connected to the control and regulation unit by means of power and data lines is mounted on the combination photovoltaic element for determining its actual temperature. The control and regulation unit is set up to determine a desired temperature of the combined photovoltaic element from a stored temperature characteristic, the actual temperature and the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation, and the combination Peltier element as a heat pump for selectively heating or cooling the combi - operate photovoltaic elements.

Weiterhin kann das kombinierte Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormodul einen Kühlkörper besitzen, der flächig thermisch kontaktierend an der dem Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement gegenüberliegenden Kontaktfläche des Kombi-Peltierelements angebracht ist. Der Kühlkörper kann wiederum schwimmfähig ausgeführt sein, wobei der Kühlkörper aus einem metallischen Werkstoff besteht und einen wasserdichten Sandwichaufbau besitzt. In der Ausführung mit schwimmfähigen Kühlkörper ist das kombinierte Foto- voltaik-Thermogeneratormodul so austariert ist, das sich das Kombi- Fotovoltaikelement im schwimmenden Zustand stets oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche befindet. Furthermore, the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module can have a heat sink, which is attached in a thermally contacting manner on the contact surface of the combined Peltier element opposite the combi-photovoltaic element. The heat sink can in turn be made buoyant, wherein the heat sink is made of a metallic material and has a waterproof sandwich construction. In the version with floatable heat sink, the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module is balanced in such a way that the combined photovoltaic element is always above the water surface in the floating state.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und mit Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dazu zeigt die Figur die Schemaskizze der autonomen Energieanlage in partiell perspektivischer Ansicht. Die Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 5 vernetzt die Module der Energieanlage, nämlich das Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul 1 , das kombinierte Fotovoltaik- Thermogeneratormodul 2 und die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle 3, mittels der Strom- und Datenleitungen 7 und reguliert die Leistungsabgabe der aus der einfallenden Solarstrahlung 8 gewandelten elektrischen Energie an der Gleichstrom- Abnahmestelle 6. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment and with reference to the drawing. For this purpose, the figure shows the schematic sketch of the autonomous energy plant in a partial perspective view. The control and regulation unit 5 networks the modules of the energy system, namely the basic photovoltaic module 1, the combined photovoltaic thermal generator module 2 and the thermo generator memory cell 3, by means of the power and data lines 7 and regulates the power output of the converted from the incident solar radiation 8 electrical energy at the DC take-off point 6.

Die Intensität der einfallenden globalen Solarstrahlung 8 ist mittels dem durch die Strom- und Datenleitungen 7 mit der Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 5 verbundenen Solarstrahlungssensor 9 ermittelbar. The intensity of the incident global solar radiation 8 can be determined by means of the solar radiation sensor 9 connected by the power and data lines 7 to the control and regulation unit 5.

Weitere der Strom- und Datenleitungen 7 verbinden den Akkumulator 4 mit der Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 5. Further of the power and data lines 7 connect the accumulator 4 to the control and regulation unit 5.

Das Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul 1 besitzt den wasserdichten Schwimmkörper 1 .2 auf dem das Basis-Fotovoltaikelement 1 .1 flächig thermisch kontaktierend angebracht ist. Der dreiteilige Schwimmkörper 1 .2 selbst besteht aus einer Deckplatte, einer Bodenplatte und der dazwischen befindlichen Dünnblech-Honigwaben-Struktur (jeweils ohne Bezugszeichen). The base photovoltaic module 1 has the watertight float 1 .2 on which the base photovoltaic element 1 .1 is attached in a thermally contacting manner. The three-part floating body 1 .2 itself consists of a cover plate, a bottom plate and the intervening thin-sheet honeycomb structure (each without reference numerals).

Bei schwimmenden Betrieb in Gewässern befindet das Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul 1 mit dem oberen Teil des Schwimmkörpers 1.2 und dem Basis-Fotovoltaikelement 1 .1 oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche 10. In floating operation in waters, the base photovoltaic module 1 with the upper part of the float 1.2 and the base photovoltaic element 1 .1 above the water surface 10th

Das Kombi-Peltierelement 2.2 und das Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement 2.1 des kombinierten Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormoduls 2 sind mit jeweils separaten Strom- und Datenleitungen 7 mit der Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 5 verbunden. Eine weitere Strom- und Datenleitung 7 führt zu dem am Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement 2.1 ange- brachten Temperatursensor 2.4. The combined Peltier element 2.2 and the combined photovoltaic element 2.1 of the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module 2 are each connected to the control and regulation unit 5 with separate power and data lines 7. Another power and data line 7 leads to the temperature sensor 2.4 attached to the combined photovoltaic element 2.1.

Das Kombi-Peltierelements 2.2 steht an seiner der Solarstrahlung abgewandten Fläche in thermischen Kontakt mit dem hieran befestigten Kühlkörper 2.3. Das Speicherzellen-Peltierelement 3.1 ist via Strom- und Datenleitungen 7 mit der Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 5 verbunden; an der Unterseite des Speicherzel- len-Peltierelements 3.1 ist der Wärmeleitkörper 3.2 aus einem offenporigen Aluminiumschaum thermisch kontaktierend befestigt. The combined Peltier element 2.2 stands on its surface facing away from the solar radiation in thermal contact with the heat sink 2.3 attached thereto. The memory cell Peltier element 3.1 is connected via power and data lines 7 to the control and regulation unit 5; On the underside of the memory cell Peltier element 3.1, the heat-conducting body 3.2 is fastened in a thermally contacting manner from an open-pore aluminum foam.

In den mit dem Wärmespeichermaterial 3.4 gefüllten Wärmeisolierbehälter 3.3 der Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle 3 ist der Wärmeleitkörper 3.2 so eingesetzt, dass zumindest die Bodenfläche des Wärmeleitkörpers 3.2 vollständig in das Wärmespeichermaterial 3.4 eintaucht. Das Wärmespeichermaterial 3.4 ist Wasser. Zum besse- ren Verständnis sind die verdeckten Kanten des Wärmeleitkörpers 3.2 innerhalb des Wärmeisolierbehälters 3.3 sowie die Füllhöhe des Wärmespeichermaterials 3.4 als punktierte Linien dargestellt. Der Wärmeisolierbehälter 3.3 besteht aus einer wärmeisolierenden Keramik. In the filled with the heat storage material 3.4 Wärmeisolierbehälter 3.3 of the thermoelectric generator memory cell 3, the heat-conducting body 3.2 is inserted so that at least the bottom surface of the heat-conducting body 3.2 completely immersed in the heat storage material 3.4. The heat storage material 3.4 is water. For better understanding, the hidden edges of the heat-conducting body 3.2 inside the heat-insulating container 3.3 and the filling level of the heat-storing material 3.4 are shown as dotted lines. The heat insulating 3.3 is made of a thermally insulating ceramic.

Liste der verwendeten Bezugszeichen List of reference numbers used

1 Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul 1 basic photovoltaic module

1 .1 Basis-Fotovoltaikelement  1 .1 basic photovoltaic element

1 .2 Schwimmkörper  1 .2 floats

2 kombiniertes Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormodul 2 combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module

2.1 Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement 2.1 Combined photovoltaic element

2.2 Kombi-Peltierelement  2.2 Combined Peltier element

2.3 Kühlkörper  2.3 heat sink

2.4 Temperatursensor  2.4 Temperature sensor

3 Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle  3 thermo generator memory cell

3.1 Speicherzellen-Peltierelement  3.1 Memory cell Peltier element

3.2 Wärmeleitkörper  3.2 heat-conducting body

3.3 Wärmeisolierbehälter  3.3 heat insulating container

3.4 Wärmespeichermaterial  3.4 heat storage material

4 Akkumulator zur Speicherung elektrischer Energie 4 accumulator for storing electrical energy

5 Steuerungs- und Regelungseinheit 5 control unit

6 Gleichstrom-Abnahmestelle  6 direct current delivery point

7 Strom- und Datenleitung  7 power and data line

8 Solarstrahlung  8 solar radiation

9 Solarstrahlungssensor  9 solar radiation sensor

10 Wasseroberfläche  10 water surface

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1 . Autonome Energieanlage zur Umwandlung von Solarstrahlung (8) in elektrische Energie, umfassend ein Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul (1 ), ein kombiniertes Fotovoltaik- Thermogeneratormodul (2) sowie eine Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle (3), aufweisend ein Speicherzellen-Peltierelement (3.1 ) mit einer ersten und einer zweiten Therm okontaktf lache sowie einen Wärmeleitkörper (3.2) aus einem Material mit hoher thermischer Leitfähigkeit, der mit der zweiten Thermokontaktfläche des Spei- cherzellen-Peltierelements (3.1 ) thermisch kontaktierend verbunden ist, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass 1 . Autonomous energy installation for converting solar radiation (8) into electrical energy, comprising a basic photovoltaic module (1), a combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module (2) and a thermo-generator memory cell (3), comprising a memory cell Peltier element (3.1) with a first and a second thermal contact area and a heat conducting body (3.2) made of a material with high thermal conductivity, which is thermally contacting with the second thermal contact area of the storage cell Peltier element (3.1), characterized in that - die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle (3) einen mit einem Wärmespeichermaterial (3.4) zumindest teilweise gefüllten, einseitig offenen Wärmeisolierbehälter (3.3) umfasst, und der Wärmeleitkörper (3.2) in das Wärmespeichermaterial (3.4) eingebettet ist, wobei das Speicherzellen-Peltierelement (3.1 ) im Bereich der Öffnung des Wärmeisolierbehälters (3.3) mit seiner ersten Thermokontaktfläche nach außen gerichtet angeordnet ist und sich die erste Thermokontaktfläche des Spei- cherzellen-Peltierelements (3.1 ) außerhalb des Wärmespeichermaterials (3.4) befindet, und  - The thermoelectric generator memory cell (3) with a heat storage material (3.4) at least partially filled, one-sided open Wärmeisolierbehälter (3.3), and the Wärmeleitkörper (3.2) is embedded in the heat storage material (3.4), wherein the memory cell Peltier element (3.1) in the the opening of the Wärmeisolierbehälters (3.3) is arranged directed with its first thermal contact surface to the outside and the first thermal contact surface of the memory cell Peltier element (3.1) outside the heat storage material (3.4) is located, and - das Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul (1 ), das kombiniertes Fotovoltaik- Thermogeneratormodul (2) und die Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle (3) jeweils separat mittels Strom- und Datenleitungen (7) mit einer zur Regulierung der elektrischen Leistungsabgabe ausgebildeten Steuer- und Regelungseinheit (5) vernetzt sind.  - The base photovoltaic module (1), the combined photovoltaic thermal generator module (2) and the Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle (3) are each separately networked by means of power and data lines (7) with a trained for regulating the electrical power output control and regulation unit (5) , 2. Autonome Energieanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuer- und Regelungseinheit (5) mittels Strom- und Datenleitungen (7) mit einem Akkumulator (4) zur Zwischenspeicherung elektrischer Energie verbunden ist. 2. Autonomous energy plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and regulation unit (5) by means of power and data lines (7) with an accumulator (4) for intermediate storage of electrical energy is connected. 3. Autonome Energieanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmespeichermaterial (3.4) der Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle (3) ein Pha- senwechselmaterial mit einem Phasenwechsel im Temperaturbereich von 10 °C bis 50 °C ist. 3. Autonomous energy plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat storage material (3.4) of the thermoelectric generator memory cell (3) is a phase change material with a phase change in the temperature range of 10 ° C to 50 ° C. 4. Autonome Energieanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmeleitkörper (3.2) der Thermogeneratorspeicherzelle (3) aus einem offenporigen Metallschaum besteht. 4. Autonomous energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat-conducting body (3.2) of the thermoelectric generator memory cell (3) consists of an open-cell metal foam. 5. Autonome Energieanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Basis-Fotovoltaikmodul (1 ) ein oder mehrere Basis-Fotovoltaik- elemente (1 .1 ) aufweist, die auf einem Schwimmkörper (1 .2) thermisch kontaktierend angebracht sind, wobei der Schwimmkörper (1 .2) aus einem metallischen Werkstoff besteht und einen wasserdichten Sandwichaufbau aufweist. 5. Autonomous energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the base photovoltaic module (1) one or more basic photovoltaic elements (1 .1), which mounted on a float (1 .2) thermally contacting are, wherein the floating body (1 .2) consists of a metallic material and has a waterproof sandwich construction. 6. Autonome Energieanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kombinierte Fotovoltaikmodul-Thermogeneratormodul (2) ein Kombi-Peltierelement (2.2) aufweist, welches flächig thermisch kontaktierend an einem Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement (2.1 ) angebracht ist, wobei das Kombi- Peltierelement (2.2) und das Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement (2.1 ) unabhängig voneinander mittels Strom- und Datenleitungen (7) mit der Steuer- und Regelungseinheit (5) verbunden sind. 6. Autonomous energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the combined photovoltaic module thermo-generator module (2) has a combination Peltier element (2.2), which is thermally contacting surface-mounted on a combination photovoltaic element (2.1), wherein the Combined Peltier element (2.2) and the combined photovoltaic element (2.1) are connected independently by means of power and data lines (7) with the control and regulating unit (5). 7. Autonome Energieanlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der dem Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement (2.1 ) gegenüberliegenden Kontaktfläche des Kombi-7. Autonomous energy plant according to claim 6, characterized in that on the combined photovoltaic element (2.1) opposite contact surface of the combination Peltierelements (2.2) ein Kühlkörper (2.3) flächig thermisch kontaktierend angebracht ist. Peltier element (2.2) a heat sink (2.3) is mounted surface thermally contacting. 8. Autonome Energieanlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlkörper (2.3) schwimmfähig ist, wobei der Kühlkörper (2.3) aus einem metallischen Werkstoff besteht und einen wasserdichten Sandwichaufbau aufweist, und das kombinierte Fotovoltaik-Thermogeneratormodul (2) so austariert ist, das sich das Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement (2.1 ) im schwimmenden Zustand des kombinierten Foto- voltaik-Thermogeneratormoduls (2) stets oberhalb der Wasseroberfläche (10) befin- det. 8. Autonomous energy plant according to claim 7, characterized in that the cooling body (2.3) is buoyant, wherein the cooling body (2.3) consists of a metallic material and has a waterproof sandwich construction, and the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module (2) is balanced so in the floating state of the combined photovoltaic thermo-generator module (2), the combination photovoltaic element (2.1) is always located above the water surface (10). 9. Autonome Energieanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuer- und Regelungseinheit (5) mittels Strom- und Datenleitun- gen (7) mit einem Solarstrahlungssensor (9) zur Bestimmung des Momentanwertes der globalen Solarstrahlung (8) verbunden ist. 9. Autonomous energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the control and regulation unit (5) by means of power and data lines gene (7) with a solar radiation sensor (9) for determining the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation (8) is connected. 10. Autonome Energieanlage nach Anspruch 6 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - am Kombi-Fotovoltaikelement (2.1 ) des kombinierten Fotovoltaik-10. Autonomous energy plant according to claim 6 and 9, characterized in that - on the combined photovoltaic element (2.1) of the combined photovoltaic Thermogeneratormoduls (2) zur Bestimmung einer Ist-Temperatur des Kombi- Fotovoltaikelements (2.1 ) ein mit der Steuer- und Regelungseinheit (5) mittels Strom- und Datenleitungen (7) verbundener Temperatursensor (2.4) angebracht ist, und Thermogeneratormoduls (2) for determining an actual temperature of the combined photovoltaic element (2.1) with the control and regulation unit (5) by means of power and data lines (7) connected temperature sensor (2.4) is mounted, and - die Steuer- und Regelungseinheit (5) eingerichtet ist, aus einer hinterlegten Temperaturcharakteristik, der Ist-Temperatur und dem Momentanwert der globalen Solarstrahlung (8) eine Soll-Temperatur des Kombi-Fotovoltaikelements (2.1 ) zu bestimmen und das Kombi-Peltierelement (2.2) als Wärmepumpe zum wahlweisen Heizen oder Kühlen des Kombi-Fotovoltaikelements (2.1 ) zu betreiben. - The control and regulating unit (5) is arranged to determine from a stored temperature characteristic, the actual temperature and the instantaneous value of the global solar radiation (8) a target temperature of the combined photovoltaic element (2.1) and the combination Peltier element (2.2 ) as a heat pump for selectively heating or cooling of the combined photovoltaic element (2.1) to operate. 1 1 . Autonome Energieanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmespeichermaterial (3.4) der Thermogeneratorspeicherzel- le (3) eine Flüssigkeit, ein Granulat oder ein Gemisch derselben ist. 1 1. Autonomous energy plant according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the heat storage material (3.4) of the Thermogeneratorspeicherzel- le (3) is a liquid, a granulate or a mixture thereof. 12. Autonome Energieanlage nach Anspruch 1 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmespeichermaterial (3.4) aus einem Gemisch aus porösem Granulat und Wasser besteht. 12. Autonomous energy plant according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the heat storage material (3.4) consists of a mixture of porous granules and water.
PCT/DE2018/100024 2017-01-23 2018-01-15 Stand-alone energy facility Ceased WO2018133900A1 (en)

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