WO1979000626A1 - Solar collector for converting directly heat energy into electric energy - Google Patents
Solar collector for converting directly heat energy into electric energy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1979000626A1 WO1979000626A1 PCT/DE1979/000017 DE7900017W WO7900626A1 WO 1979000626 A1 WO1979000626 A1 WO 1979000626A1 DE 7900017 W DE7900017 W DE 7900017W WO 7900626 A1 WO7900626 A1 WO 7900626A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solar
- contact points
- solar collector
- solar radiation
- collectors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a solar collector for the direct conversion of thermal energy supplied by solar radiation into electrical energy.
- the object of the invention is to provide a solar collector for the direct conversion of thermal energy supplied by solar radiation into electrical energy, which combines the advantage of a solar cell with the comparatively cheap and robust construction of a solar collector.
- thermopile consisting of any number of thermocouples connected in series, one contact point of which can be heated by the absorbed solar radiation and the other contact points of which can be cooled by a circulating fluid, such as water in particular.
- the invention thus uses the known phenomenon of thermoelectricity to generate electrical energy, with which it generates an electrical voltage generated by any number of thermocouples connected directly in the absorption region of the solar radiation using the heat generated, to which, for example, a battery for charging and further supply can be connected by consumers.
- such a solar collector is therefore a plate collector formed, which can expediently occur in that the thermopile consists of a plurality of surface-covering pairs of short wires arranged side by side from the two substances to be combined to form a thermocouple, which alternately at the upper and lower ends to form inner and outer contact points with each other are connected, the inner contact points being embedded in a non-conductor absorbing the solar radiation, while the outer contact points can be cooled by the cooling fluid.
- the non-conductor absorbing the solar radiation is a layer of quartz sand solidified by a binder.
- the wires can sealingly pass through a plate made of non-conductive material, which forms the top wall of a flat chamber through which fluid such as water flows.
- This plate is preferably made of acrylic glass, into which the wires are gauged leaving the outer contact points free.
- batteries of any size can be created with such a plate collector, which can be connected to a common cooling water circuit. Since the solar radiation is not always available due to the time of day and weather, it is advisable to use such a solar collector system to supply an electric battery such as an accumulator to which the consumers to be supplied are connected.
- the solar collector according to the invention offers a particular advantage for such systems, which can be exploited by a device for storing the heat energy dissipated by the cooling water from the solar collectors when the sun is shining, the stored heat energy in the absence of sun radiation cooling the cooling water while heating the same can be supplied again, while at the same time the connection of the battery to the collectors can be reversed.
- thermocouples In this way, it is possible to convert the thermal energy dissipated by the cooling fluid, such as water, which is not initially used to convert it into electrical energy, in times of no solar radiation using the same thermocouples and thus the yield of electrical energy from the Increase sun exposure significantly.
- the cooling fluid such as water
- the storage device consists of a heat exchanger through which cooling water flows on the primary side, the secondary side of which is connected to a heat store via a reversible heat pump.
- the heat accumulator is charged by the heat pump, while at the same time the cooling fluid, such as water, is cooled to the temperature required to keep the external contact points of the thermocouples cold.
- thermocouples are now significantly warmer than the internal contact points, which have cooled down considerably at night, so that a voltage occurs at the thermopile in the opposite direction, which makes it necessary to reverse the polarity of the connected battery.
- the solar collector designated in its entirety by 10, is a plate-shaped Eauelement, for example 10 x 10 cm in size, which will generally be arranged with such an inclination towards the midday position of the sun that the annual and daily average is as steep as possible on the collector surface hits.
- the solar collector 10 has a layer 14 of, for example, quartz cement expediently covered by a glass plate 12, in which the upper or inner contact points 16 of a large number of thermocouples 18 are embedded.
- Each thermocouple 18 consists of two short wires 20, 22 of different metals or alloys, which are soldered or welded together to form the upper contact points 16.
- the thermocouples 18 are with the formation of outer or lower contact points 24 between a wire of the one substance and a wire of the other substance connected in series to a so-called thermopile.
- thermocouples can be connected in series on the area of 1 ⁇ x 10 cm 3300 considered, which results in an open circuit voltage of 6.6 volts when using copper and constantan for the two wires 20, 22 at 50 ° C.
- thermocouples 18 are cast with the lower contact points 24 into an acrylic glass plate 26, which forms the top wall of a flat chamber 28 through which a cooling fluid, such as water, flows.
- a cooling fluid such as water
- a pump 30 conveys the cooling fluid in a closed circuit through the chamber 28 and the primary side of a heat exchanger 32, which is thermally connected on the secondary side via a reversible heat pump 34 to a heat accumulator 36 of any design.
- thermopile formed by the series connection of the termocouples 18 is connected via connecting wires 38, 40 and a pole reversing switch 42 to a battery 44, to the terminals 46, 48 of which any consumer can be connected.
- the solar radiation impinging on the solar collector 10 heats the quartz cement layer 14 and thus the inner contact points 16 of the thermocouples, while at the same time their outer or lower contact points 24 are kept at a comparatively low temperature by circulation of the cooling fluid by the pump 30.
- the temperature difference between the inner contact points 16 and the outer contact points 24 causes the formation a voltage in the thermopile and thus a current flow through the battery 44 with which it is charged.
- thermocouples The heat penetrating from the quartz cement layer 14 through the acrylic glass plate 26 as well as the heat generated by the current flow in the thermocouples will try to heat the lower or outer contact points 24 of the thermocouples as well. This heat is continuously removed from the cooling fluid and supplied to the heat accumulator 36 with the aid of the heat exchanger 32 and the heat pump 34.
- the solar collector 10 can still be used to generate electricity by reversing the heat pump 34 and thus supplying heat from the heat accumulator 36 and the heat exchanger 32 to the cooling water.
- the pump 30 now presses the warm cooling water through the chamber 28 of the solar collector and heats the lower or outer contact points 24 of the thermocouples, while the upper or inner contact points 16 are cooled by the ambient air, especially at night. This creates an opposite voltage on the thermocouples 18, which is reversed with the aid of the pole changer 42, so that the battery 44 can be charged further under these circumstances.
- the collectors of the system can be provided in a known manner with concentrators, in particular mirrors, such as, for example, in the known solar cookers, in order to increase the amount of radiation incident on them and thus to increase their temperature and, consequently, the voltage and power generated.
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Sonnenkollektor zur unmittelbaren Umwandlung der zugeführten Wärmeenergie in elektrische Energie. Solar collector for the direct conversion of the supplied thermal energy into electrical energy.
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sonnenkollektor zur unmittelbaren Umwandlung von durch die Sonnenstrahlung zugeführter Wärmeenergie in elektrische Energie.The invention relates to a solar collector for the direct conversion of thermal energy supplied by solar radiation into electrical energy.
Zur unmittelbaren Nutzung der Sonnenenergie stehen heute im Grundprinzip zwei Wege zur Verfügung, nämlich einmal die direkte Umwandlung der Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie durch Halbleiter-Photoelemente, sog. Solarzellen, oder die Erwärmung eines meist flϋssigen Wärmeträgers wie insbesondere Wassers durch sog. Sonnenkollektoren, die somit in erster Linie zur Beheizung von Gebäuden und anderen Einrichtungen verwendet werden. Um auch mit Hilfe von Sonnenkollektoren elektrische Energie zu erzeugen, bedarf es bisher der Zwischenumwandlung der vom flüssiαen Wärmeträger aufgenommenen Wärmeenergie in mechanische Energie, was nicht nur aufwendig, sondern auch mit einem schlechten Gesamtwirkungsgrad behaftet ist, der umso geringer ausfällt, je kleiner die dazu erforderliche Anlage ist. Solarzellen als unmittelbare Umwandler der Strahlungsenergie in elektrische Energie sind demgegenüber teuer im Material und der Herstellung sowie empfindlich gegen Beschädigungen, so daß ihr praktischer Einsatz auf der Erde bisher beschränkt geblieben ist.There are two basic methods available for the direct use of solar energy, namely the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by means of semiconductor photo elements, so-called solar cells, or the heating of a mostly liquid heat transfer medium, such as water in particular, by means of so-called solar collectors primarily used for heating buildings and other facilities. In order to generate electrical energy with the aid of solar collectors, there has hitherto been an intermediate conversion of the heat energy absorbed by the liquid heat transfer medium into mechanical energy, which is not only complex, but also has a poor overall efficiency, which is lower the smaller the required Facility is. In contrast, solar cells as direct converters of radiation energy into electrical energy are expensive in terms of material and the manufacture and sensitive to damage, so that their practical use on earth has so far been limited.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Sonnenkollektor zur unmittelbaren Umwandlung von durch die Sonnenstrahlung zugeführter Wärmeenergie in elektrische Energie zu schaffen, der den Vorteil einer Solarzelle mit dem vergleichsweise billigen und robusten Aufbau eines Sonnenkollektors vereinigt.The object of the invention is to provide a solar collector for the direct conversion of thermal energy supplied by solar radiation into electrical energy, which combines the advantage of a solar cell with the comparatively cheap and robust construction of a solar collector.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch eine aus einer beliebigen Anzahl in Reihe geschalteter Thermoelemente bestehende Thermosäule, deren eine Kontaktstellen von der absorbierten Sonnenstrahlung erwärmbar sind und deren andere Kontaktstellen von einem zirkulierenden Fluid, wie insbesondere Wasser, kühlbar sind.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a thermopile consisting of any number of thermocouples connected in series, one contact point of which can be heated by the absorbed solar radiation and the other contact points of which can be cooled by a circulating fluid, such as water in particular.
Die Erfindung nutzt somit zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie die bekannte Erscheinung der Thermoelektrizität, mit welcher sie unmittelbar im Absorptionsbereich der Sonnenstrablung unter Ausnutzung der dabei entstehenden Wärme eine durch Reihenschaltung von Thermoelementen in beliebiger Zahl entstehende elektrische Spannung erzeugt, an welche beispielsweise eine Batterie zur Aufladung und Weiterversorgung von Verbrauchern angeschlossen werden kann.The invention thus uses the known phenomenon of thermoelectricity to generate electrical energy, with which it generates an electrical voltage generated by any number of thermocouples connected directly in the absorption region of the solar radiation using the heat generated, to which, for example, a battery for charging and further supply can be connected by consumers.
Versuche haben ergeben, daß auf diese Weise unter Verwendung von beispielsweise Kupfer und Konstantan bei einer Anordnung von 33oo Thermoelementen auf eine Fläche von 100 cm2 eine Leistung von 5 Watt bei einer Temperaturdifferenz vonExperiments have shown that using, for example, copper and constantan with an arrangement of 3300 thermocouples on an area of 100 cm 2, an output of 5 watts with a temperature difference of
50ºC zwischen den Kontaktstellen der Thermosäule erzielbar ist.50ºC between the contact points of the thermopile can be achieved.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist demzufolge ein solcher Sonnenkollektor als Plattenkollektor ausgebildet, was zweckmäßig dadurch geschehen kann, daß die Thermosäule aus einer Vielzahl flächenbedeckend nebeneinander angeordneter Paare von kurzen Drähten aus den beiden zur Bildung eines Thermoelements zu kombinierenden Stoffen besteht, die abwechselnd an den oberen und den unteren Enden zur Eildung von inneren und äußeren Kontaktstellen miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die inneren Kontaktstellen in einen die Sonnenstrahlung absorbierenden Nichtleiter eingebettet sind, während die äußeren Kontaktstellen von dem Kühlfluid kühlbar sind. Ein bevorzugter Weg zur praktischen Verwirklichung eines solchen Plattenkollektors kann darin bestehen, daß der die Sonnenstrahlung absorbierende Nichtleiter eine durch ein Bindemittel verfestigte Schicht aus Quarzsand ist. Weiterhin können die Drähte mit Abstand zυ dem die Sonnenstrahlung absorbierenden Nichtleiter dichtend eine Platte aus nichtleitendem Material durchsetzen, welche die Deckwand einer vom Fluid wie Wasser durchströmten flachen Kammer bildet. Vorzugsweise besteht diese Platte aus Acrylglas, in das die Drähte unter Freilassung der äußeren Kontaktstellen eingegessen sind.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, such a solar collector is therefore a plate collector formed, which can expediently occur in that the thermopile consists of a plurality of surface-covering pairs of short wires arranged side by side from the two substances to be combined to form a thermocouple, which alternately at the upper and lower ends to form inner and outer contact points with each other are connected, the inner contact points being embedded in a non-conductor absorbing the solar radiation, while the outer contact points can be cooled by the cooling fluid. A preferred way of putting such a plate collector into practice can be that the non-conductor absorbing the solar radiation is a layer of quartz sand solidified by a binder. Furthermore, at a distance from the non-conductor absorbing the solar radiation, the wires can sealingly pass through a plate made of non-conductive material, which forms the top wall of a flat chamber through which fluid such as water flows. This plate is preferably made of acrylic glass, into which the wires are gauged leaving the outer contact points free.
Es leuchtet ein, daß sich mit einem solchen Plattenkollektor beliebig große Batterien erstellen lassen, die an einen gemeinsamen Kühlwasserkreislauf angeschlossen sein können. Da die Sonnenstrahlung tageszeit- und wetterbedingt, nicht ständig zur Verfügung steht, ist es zweckmäßig, mit einer derartigen Sonnenkollektoranlage eine elektrische Batterie wie einen Akkumulator zu speisen, an den die zu versorgenden Verbraucher angeschlossen sind. Der erfindungsgemäße Sonnenkollektor bietet für derartige Anlagen einen besonderen Vorteil, der sich durch eine Einrichtung zur Speicherung der durch das Kühlwasser von den Sonnenkollektoren bei Sonneneinstrahlung abgeführten Wärmeenergie ausnutzen läßt, wobei die gespeicherte Wärmeenergie bei fehlender Sonneneinstrahlung dem Kühlwasser unter Frwärmung desselben wieder zuführbar ist, während gleichzeitig der Anschluß der Batterie an die Kollektoren umpolbar ist. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, auch die vom Kühlfluid, wie Wasser, abgeführte Wärmeenergie, die zunächst nicht zur Umwandlung in elektrische Energie verwendet wird, in Zeiten fehlender Sonneneinstrahlung unter Verwendung der gleichen Thermoelemente in elektrische Energie umzusetzen und damit die Ausbeute an elektrischer Energie aus der Sonneneinstrahlung wesentliche zu steigern.It is obvious that batteries of any size can be created with such a plate collector, which can be connected to a common cooling water circuit. Since the solar radiation is not always available due to the time of day and weather, it is advisable to use such a solar collector system to supply an electric battery such as an accumulator to which the consumers to be supplied are connected. The solar collector according to the invention offers a particular advantage for such systems, which can be exploited by a device for storing the heat energy dissipated by the cooling water from the solar collectors when the sun is shining, the stored heat energy in the absence of sun radiation cooling the cooling water while heating the same can be supplied again, while at the same time the connection of the battery to the collectors can be reversed. In this way, it is possible to convert the thermal energy dissipated by the cooling fluid, such as water, which is not initially used to convert it into electrical energy, in times of no solar radiation using the same thermocouples and thus the yield of electrical energy from the Increase sun exposure significantly.
Fine solche Sonnenkollektoranlage läßt sich praktisch dadurch verwirklichen, daß die Speichereinrichtung aus einem primärseitig vom Kühlwasser durchströmten Wärmetauscher besteht, dessen Sekundärseite über eine reversible Wärmepumpe mit einem Wärmespeicher verbunden ist. Solange Sonneneinstrahlung vorliegt, wird der Wärmespeicher von der Wärmepumpe aufgeladen, während gleichzeitig dadurch das Kühlfluid, wie Wasser, auf die zur Kalthaltung der äußeren Kontaktstellen der Thermoelemente erforderliche Temperatur gekühlt wird. Ist hingegen, wie zur Nachtzeit oder bei schlechtem Wetter, keine Sonnenstrahlung vorhanden, wird die Förderrichtung der Wärmepumpe umgeschaltet und dadurch das Kühlfluid aus dem Wärmespeicher auf eine möglichst hohe Temperatur aufgeheizt, was zur Folge hat, daß nunmehr die äußeren Kontaktstellen der Thermoelemente wesentlich wärmer als die vor allem bei Nacht stark abgekühlten inneren Kontaktstellen sind, so daß in "umgekehrter Richtung eine Spannung an den Thermosäulen auftritt, die entsprechend eine Umpolung der angeschlossenen Batterie erforderlich macht.Such a solar collector system can be practically realized in that the storage device consists of a heat exchanger through which cooling water flows on the primary side, the secondary side of which is connected to a heat store via a reversible heat pump. As long as there is solar radiation, the heat accumulator is charged by the heat pump, while at the same time the cooling fluid, such as water, is cooled to the temperature required to keep the external contact points of the thermocouples cold. If, on the other hand, there is no solar radiation, such as at night or in bad weather, the delivery direction of the heat pump is switched and the cooling fluid from the heat accumulator is heated to the highest possible temperature, with the result that the outer contact points of the thermocouples are now significantly warmer than the internal contact points, which have cooled down considerably at night, so that a voltage occurs at the thermopile in the opposite direction, which makes it necessary to reverse the polarity of the connected battery.
Zur Steigerung der Leistung einer solchen Sonnenkollektoranlage ist es zweckmäßig, den einzelnen Sonnenkollektoren Konzentratoren insbesondere in Form von Spiegeln zuzuordnen, durch welche die auf den Sonnenkollektor auftreffende Strahlungsmenge vervielfacht wird. Die hierdurch erzielbare Temperatursteigerung an den inneren Kontaktstellen der Thermoelemente führt zu einer im wesentlichen proportionalen Erhöhung der Thermospannung und damit einer Steigerung der Leistung im Quadrat der Temperaturerhöhung.To increase the performance of such a solar collector system, it is expedient to assign concentrators, in particular in the form of mirrors, to the individual solar collectors, by means of which mirrors impinging on the solar collector Radiation amount is multiplied. The temperature increase that can be achieved in this way at the inner contact points of the thermocouples leads to an essentially proportional increase in the thermal voltage and thus an increase in the power in the square of the temperature increase.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert, in der das Prinzip einer Sonnenkollektoranlage mit einem im Querschnitt wiedergegebenen Scnnenkollektor gemäß der Erfindung gezeigt ist.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawing, in which the principle of a solar collector system with a cross-section reproduced in accordance with the invention is shown.
Es versteht sich von selbst, daß in Wirklichkeit eine Vielzahl derartiger Sonnenkollektoren zu einer Batterie vereinigt ist, die sowohl elektrisch als auch im Bezug auf das Kühlsystem in beliebiger Weise parallel oder in Reihe kombiniert werden können.It goes without saying that in reality a large number of such solar collectors are combined to form a battery, which can be combined either electrically or in parallel with respect to the cooling system in any manner or in series.
Der in seiner Gesamtheit mit 10 bezeichnete Sonnenkollektor ist ein plattenförmiges Eauelement von beispielsweise 10 x 10 cm Größe, das im allgemeinen fest mit einer solchen Neigung in Richtung zum Mittagsstand der Sonne angeordnet werden wird, daß diese im Jahres- und Tagesmittel möglichst steil auf die Kollektoroberfläche auftrifft.The solar collector, designated in its entirety by 10, is a plate-shaped Eauelement, for example 10 x 10 cm in size, which will generally be arranged with such an inclination towards the midday position of the sun that the annual and daily average is as steep as possible on the collector surface hits.
Der Sonnenkollektor 10 weist eine zweckmäßig von einer Glasplatte 12 abgedeckte Schicht 14 aus beispielsweise Quarzzement auf, in welche die oberen oder inneren Kontaktstellen 16 einer großen Anzahl Thermoelemente 18 eingebettet sind. Jedes Thermoelement 18 besteht aus zwei kurzen Drähten 20, 22 verschiedener Metalle oder Legierungen, die zur Bildung der oberen Kontaktstellen 16 miteinander verlötet oder verschweißt sind. Die Thermoelemente 18 sind unter Bildung äußerer oder unterer Kontaktstellen 24 zwischen je einem Draht des einen Stoffs und einem Draht des anderen Stoffs in Reihe zu einer sog. Thermosäule geschaltet. So können beispielsweise auf der betrachteten Fläche von 1σ x 1o cm 33oo derartige Thermoelemente in Reihe geschaltet sein, was bei Verwendung von Kupfer und Konstantan für die beiden Drähte 20, 22 bei 50°C eine Leerlaufspannung von 6,6 Volt ergibt.The solar collector 10 has a layer 14 of, for example, quartz cement expediently covered by a glass plate 12, in which the upper or inner contact points 16 of a large number of thermocouples 18 are embedded. Each thermocouple 18 consists of two short wires 20, 22 of different metals or alloys, which are soldered or welded together to form the upper contact points 16. The thermocouples 18 are with the formation of outer or lower contact points 24 between a wire of the one substance and a wire of the other substance connected in series to a so-called thermopile. For example, such thermocouples can be connected in series on the area of 1σ x 10 cm 3300 considered, which results in an open circuit voltage of 6.6 volts when using copper and constantan for the two wires 20, 22 at 50 ° C.
Die Drähte 20, 22 der Thermoelemente 18 sind mit den unteren Kontaktstellen 24 in eine Acrylglasplatte 26 eingegossen, welche die Deckwand einer von einem Kühlfluid, wie beispielsweise Wasser, durchströmten flachen Kammer 28 bildet.The wires 20, 22 of the thermocouples 18 are cast with the lower contact points 24 into an acrylic glass plate 26, which forms the top wall of a flat chamber 28 through which a cooling fluid, such as water, flows.
Eine Pumpe 30 fördert das Kühlfluid im geschlossenen Kreislauf durch die Kammer 28 sowie die Primärseite eines Wärmetauschers 32, der sekundärseitig über eine reversible Wärmepumpe 34 mit einem Wärmespeicher 36 beliebiger Ausführung thermisch verbunden ist.A pump 30 conveys the cooling fluid in a closed circuit through the chamber 28 and the primary side of a heat exchanger 32, which is thermally connected on the secondary side via a reversible heat pump 34 to a heat accumulator 36 of any design.
Die von der Reihenschaltung der Termoelemente 18 gebildete Thermosäule ist über Anschlußdrähte 38, 40 und einen Polwendeschalter 42 mit einer Batterie 44 verbunden, an deren Klemmen 46, 48 ein beliebiger Verbraucher angeschlossen werden kann.The thermopile formed by the series connection of the termocouples 18 is connected via connecting wires 38, 40 and a pole reversing switch 42 to a battery 44, to the terminals 46, 48 of which any consumer can be connected.
Die vorbeschriebene Sonnenkollektoranlage arbeitet im Prinzip wie folgt:The above-described solar collector system works in principle as follows:
Wenn die Sonne scheint, erwärmt die auf den Sonnenkollektor 10 auftreffende Sonnenstrahlung die Quarzzementschicht 14 und damit die inneren Kontaktstellen 16 der Thermoelemente, während gleichzeitig deren äußere oder untere Kontaktstellen 24 durch Umwälzung des Kühlfluids von der Pumpe 30 auf einer vergleichsweise niedrigen Temperatur gehalten werden. Die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen den inneren Kontaktstellen 16 und den äußeren Kontaktstellen 24 bewirkt die Entstehung einer Spannung in der Thermosäule und damit eines Stromflusses durch die Batterie 44, mit welchem diese aufgeladen wird.When the sun is shining, the solar radiation impinging on the solar collector 10 heats the quartz cement layer 14 and thus the inner contact points 16 of the thermocouples, while at the same time their outer or lower contact points 24 are kept at a comparatively low temperature by circulation of the cooling fluid by the pump 30. The temperature difference between the inner contact points 16 and the outer contact points 24 causes the formation a voltage in the thermopile and thus a current flow through the battery 44 with which it is charged.
Die von der Quarzzementschicht 14 durch die Acrylglasplatte 26 hindurchdringende Wärme ebenso wie die vom Stromfluß in den Thermoelementen erzeugte Wärme werden versuchen, die unteren oder äußeren Kontaktstellen 24 der Thermoelemente gleichfalls zu erwärmen. Diese Wärme wird von dem Kühlfluid ständig abgeführt und mit Hilfe des Wärmetauschers 32 und der Wärmepumpe 34 dem Wärmespeicher 36 zugeführt.The heat penetrating from the quartz cement layer 14 through the acrylic glass plate 26 as well as the heat generated by the current flow in the thermocouples will try to heat the lower or outer contact points 24 of the thermocouples as well. This heat is continuously removed from the cooling fluid and supplied to the heat accumulator 36 with the aid of the heat exchanger 32 and the heat pump 34.
Ist, wie zur Nachtzeit oder bei bedecktem Himmel, keine Sonnenstrahlung vorhanden, kann der Sonnenkollektor 10 dennoch zur Stromerzeugung benutzt werden, indem die Wärmepumpe 34 reversiert wird und damit Wärme aus dem Wärmespeicher 36 und den Wärmetauscher 32 dem Kühlwasser zugeführt wird. Die Pumpe 30 drückt nunmehr das warme Kühlwasser durch die Kammer 28 des Sonnenkollektors und erwärmt die unteren oder äußeren Kontaktstellen 24 der Thermoelemente, während die oberen oder inneren Kontaktstellen 16 von der Umgebungsluft, insbesondere zur Nachtzeit gekühlt werden. Dadurch entsteht an den Thermoelementen 18 eine entgegengesetzte Spannung, die mit Hilfe des Polwenders 42 umgekehrt wird, so daß auch unter diesen Umständen die Batterie 44 weiter aufgeladen werden kann.If, as at night or when the sky is cloudy, there is no solar radiation, the solar collector 10 can still be used to generate electricity by reversing the heat pump 34 and thus supplying heat from the heat accumulator 36 and the heat exchanger 32 to the cooling water. The pump 30 now presses the warm cooling water through the chamber 28 of the solar collector and heats the lower or outer contact points 24 of the thermocouples, while the upper or inner contact points 16 are cooled by the ambient air, especially at night. This creates an opposite voltage on the thermocouples 18, which is reversed with the aid of the pole changer 42, so that the battery 44 can be charged further under these circumstances.
Die Kollektoren der Anlage können in bekannter Weise mit Konzentratoren, insbesondere Spiegeln, wie beispielsweise bei den bekannten Sonnenkochern, versehen sein, um die auf sie auftreffende Strahlungsmenge zu vergrößern und damit ihre Temperatur und demzufolge die erzeugte Spannung und Leistung zu erhöhen. The collectors of the system can be provided in a known manner with concentrators, in particular mirrors, such as, for example, in the known solar cookers, in order to increase the amount of radiation incident on them and thus to increase their temperature and, consequently, the voltage and power generated.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2806337 | 1978-02-15 | ||
| DE2806337A DE2806337C2 (en) | 1978-02-15 | 1978-02-15 | Solar collector system for the direct conversion of the supplied thermal energy into electrical energy |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1979000626A1 true WO1979000626A1 (en) | 1979-09-06 |
Family
ID=6032015
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1979/000017 Ceased WO1979000626A1 (en) | 1978-02-15 | 1979-02-14 | Solar collector for converting directly heat energy into electric energy |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0014703A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2806337C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2037072B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7908533L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1979000626A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19519978A1 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1995-11-09 | Lars Dr Podlowski | Thermoelectric solar collector for heating purposes or electricity generation |
| WO2006113607A3 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2007-03-01 | Nextreme Thermal Solutions | Thermoelectric generators for solar conversion and related systems and methods |
| EP1818992A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-15 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO | Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element |
| WO2007134825A3 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-06-26 | Ulrich Pilz | Arrangement and method for obtaining energy from solar radiation |
| WO2008009375A3 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-09-25 | Uwe Vincenz | Method for producing electrical energy and arrangement for carrying out said method |
| US7523617B2 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2009-04-28 | Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc. | Thin film thermoelectric devices for hot-spot thermal management in microprocessors and other electronics |
| GB2455592A (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2009-06-17 | Christopher Strevens | Generating electrical power using solar radiation |
| ITTO20090410A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2009-08-28 | In Ser S P A | SOLAR CONCENTRATION SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY. |
| ITMO20090101A1 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-10-29 | Kaptor Light Srl | GROUP OF CONVERSION OF SOLAR AND / OR THERMAL ENERGY IN ELECTRICITY |
| EP2109159A3 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-08-10 | Karl-Heinz Dr.-Ing. Bleich | Thermoelectric generator system for electrical power generation and for heating purposes from solar energy |
| CN102201381A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | 宝福通光能有限公司 | Modular semiconductor device with enhanced heat dissipation |
| WO2012089295A1 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-05 | Jehad Aiysh | Structural element for generating thermoelectric power and method for the production thereof |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2161917B (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1989-05-24 | Showa Aluminum Corp | Solar water heater |
| GB8502017D0 (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1985-02-27 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Power generation |
| DE4425972A1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-03-14 | Kundo Systemtechnik Gmbh | Power supply device, in particular for electrically operated measuring instruments |
| DE10151072C2 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2003-10-02 | Utz Retter | Solar panel with thermoelectric generator |
| DE102004034688B4 (en) * | 2004-07-17 | 2006-09-07 | Öko-Insel Energietechnik GmbH | Air heating and convection oven with a thermoelectric generator and with photovoltaic generators for generating electrical energy |
| DE102007010642A1 (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-04 | Karl-Ernst Schnorr | Generator arrangement and method for energy production |
| CN101562414B (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2012-05-30 | 郭建国 | Solar vacuum heat collecting plate thermoelectric power generation and heat collecting device |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB800821A (en) * | 1955-10-06 | 1958-09-03 | Communications Patents Ltd | Improved apparatus for generating electric power |
| US2984696A (en) * | 1959-03-09 | 1961-05-16 | American Mach & Foundry | Solar thermoelectric generators |
| FR1407145A (en) * | 1964-06-15 | 1965-07-30 | Solar energy recovery device by thermo-electric batteries | |
| DE2008712A1 (en) * | 1970-02-25 | 1971-09-09 | Schneider C | Electric battery |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1077219A (en) * | 1913-08-08 | 1913-10-28 | William W Coblentz | Thermal generator. |
| DE2601170A1 (en) * | 1976-01-14 | 1977-07-28 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY INTO USED HEAT |
-
1978
- 1978-02-15 DE DE2806337A patent/DE2806337C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-02-14 GB GB7935484A patent/GB2037072B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-14 WO PCT/DE1979/000017 patent/WO1979000626A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-09-11 EP EP79900204A patent/EP0014703A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-10-15 SE SE7908533A patent/SE7908533L/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB800821A (en) * | 1955-10-06 | 1958-09-03 | Communications Patents Ltd | Improved apparatus for generating electric power |
| US2984696A (en) * | 1959-03-09 | 1961-05-16 | American Mach & Foundry | Solar thermoelectric generators |
| FR1407145A (en) * | 1964-06-15 | 1965-07-30 | Solar energy recovery device by thermo-electric batteries | |
| DE2008712A1 (en) * | 1970-02-25 | 1971-09-09 | Schneider C | Electric battery |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19519978A1 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1995-11-09 | Lars Dr Podlowski | Thermoelectric solar collector for heating purposes or electricity generation |
| US7638705B2 (en) | 2003-12-11 | 2009-12-29 | Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc. | Thermoelectric generators for solar conversion and related systems and methods |
| US7997087B2 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2011-08-16 | Rama Venkatasubramanian | Thin film thermoelectric devices for hot-spot thermal management in microprocessors and other electronics |
| US7523617B2 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2009-04-28 | Nextreme Thermal Solutions, Inc. | Thin film thermoelectric devices for hot-spot thermal management in microprocessors and other electronics |
| WO2006113607A3 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2007-03-01 | Nextreme Thermal Solutions | Thermoelectric generators for solar conversion and related systems and methods |
| EP1818992A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-15 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO | Thermally insulating thermoelectric roofing element |
| WO2007134825A3 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2008-06-26 | Ulrich Pilz | Arrangement and method for obtaining energy from solar radiation |
| WO2008009375A3 (en) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-09-25 | Uwe Vincenz | Method for producing electrical energy and arrangement for carrying out said method |
| EP2109159A3 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2011-08-10 | Karl-Heinz Dr.-Ing. Bleich | Thermoelectric generator system for electrical power generation and for heating purposes from solar energy |
| GB2455592A (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2009-06-17 | Christopher Strevens | Generating electrical power using solar radiation |
| EP2246914A1 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-11-03 | Solution e Partners S.r.l. | A unit for converting solar energy and/or thermal energy into electric power |
| ITMO20090101A1 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-10-29 | Kaptor Light Srl | GROUP OF CONVERSION OF SOLAR AND / OR THERMAL ENERGY IN ELECTRICITY |
| ITTO20090410A1 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2009-08-28 | In Ser S P A | SOLAR CONCENTRATION SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY. |
| CN102201381A (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-28 | 宝福通光能有限公司 | Modular semiconductor device with enhanced heat dissipation |
| CN102201381B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-01-23 | 宝福通光能有限公司 | Modular semiconductor device with enhanced heat dissipation |
| WO2012089295A1 (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-05 | Jehad Aiysh | Structural element for generating thermoelectric power and method for the production thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2037072A (en) | 1980-07-02 |
| GB2037072B (en) | 1983-04-20 |
| DE2806337A1 (en) | 1979-08-16 |
| EP0014703A1 (en) | 1980-09-03 |
| SE7908533L (en) | 1979-10-15 |
| DE2806337C2 (en) | 1983-12-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO1979000626A1 (en) | Solar collector for converting directly heat energy into electric energy | |
| DE102008011984B4 (en) | Thermogenerator and solar thermal system with thermogenerator | |
| DE3638317A1 (en) | Thermoelectric solar cell | |
| WO2007134825A2 (en) | Arrangement and method for obtaining energy from solar radiation | |
| DE2520639A1 (en) | SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION | |
| DE4230583A1 (en) | Electric storage battery, in particular for a vehicle drive | |
| DE2810890A1 (en) | THERMAL STORAGE | |
| DE3003962C2 (en) | Solar energy system with heat storage | |
| CH698966A2 (en) | Use of solar energy. | |
| EP2252839B1 (en) | Thermal solar system | |
| DE102011056877B4 (en) | Apparatus and method for direct generation of electrical energy from thermal energy | |
| DE3704559A1 (en) | Method and module for the generation off solar power | |
| DE2936764C2 (en) | Terrestrial solar generator | |
| DE2900875C2 (en) | Solar collector | |
| DE10151072C2 (en) | Solar panel with thermoelectric generator | |
| DE4103344C2 (en) | ||
| DE2622511A1 (en) | Solar heat-and-light energy collector - both absorbs heat and converts light to electricity | |
| DE2527414A1 (en) | CONVEX ROOF AS SOLAR HEATING FOR THE ROOFING OF BUILDINGS, HOUSES AND HOLLOW BODIES | |
| DE4322848A1 (en) | Solar collector | |
| DE102019007785A1 (en) | Thermoelectric generator (TEG) | |
| CH108354A (en) | Facility for harnessing solar heat by converting it directly into electrical energy. | |
| DE3204849C2 (en) | Long-term heat storage | |
| DE2436252A1 (en) | Locally-stored electric district heating system - with special separate heating plant equipped to utilise solar heat | |
| DE9406243U1 (en) | Inverse absorber for solar panels | |
| WO2018133900A1 (en) | Stand-alone energy facility |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Designated state(s): CH GB JP SE SU US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Designated state(s): FR |