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WO2018193434A1 - Équipement et procédé pour la réduction et l'élimination finale de résidus organiques par hydrolyse alcaline - Google Patents

Équipement et procédé pour la réduction et l'élimination finale de résidus organiques par hydrolyse alcaline Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018193434A1
WO2018193434A1 PCT/IB2018/052990 IB2018052990W WO2018193434A1 WO 2018193434 A1 WO2018193434 A1 WO 2018193434A1 IB 2018052990 W IB2018052990 W IB 2018052990W WO 2018193434 A1 WO2018193434 A1 WO 2018193434A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reduction
equipment
organic waste
final disposal
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2018/052990
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Jairo Antonio CASTAÑO SANCHEZ
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2018193434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018193434A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G1/00—Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste, such as hazardous hospital waste, pathological anatomical waste, skeletal reduction of pets, meat, skeletal reduction of humans, and reduction and transformation of plant material (biomass) in organic fertilizers and soil improvers.
  • This equipment has the advantage of presenting a low consumption of water and energy, and eliminating the emission of dioxins, carbon dioxide and persistent organic compounds (POPs) into the atmosphere.
  • the equipment allows fats and tallows, derived from the reduction of meat waste from Animal Benefit Plants, to be saponified for the immediate manufacture of other by-products such as soap, degreasers and detergents, and that calcium, obtained in bone reduction, be of optimum quality for the preparation of fertilizers, mineralized salt, concentrates, etc.
  • EP 0454513 discloses a furnace for the treatment of waste that can be incinerated, wherein said furnace comprises a crucible provided with a heating device, a conduit for the delivery of the waste opening at the bottom of the crucible, a conduit for draining a bath opening in the crucible, at a level above the mouth of the conduit for delivery of the waste.
  • the upper part of the crucible is connected to a combustion chamber made of refractory material, where the chamber communicates, by means of a labyrinth passage defined in a refractory vault, towards the upper part, with a chamber of discharge and a delivery duct containing oxygen opening to the combustion chamber.
  • the reported equipment is a combustion equipment, where the removal or spraying of the body is accompanied by the emission of pollutants, especially dioxins.
  • KR 2010002171 1 which teaches an apparatus for the disposal of bodies that uses a heater provided to reduce the assembly time when coupling a cover and a heating oven with a rotating cover cylinder, wherein said apparatus waste includes a body or carcass heating furnace with an inlet and a water storage space; a heating unit, which heats the water in the water storage space; a cover unit, which closes the entrance of the body heater oven; a pressure gauge, which measures the oven pressure and shows the measured pressure; a heater control unit, which controls the operation of the heating unit according to the oven pressure; and a pressure safety unit, which keep the oven pressure below the predetermined pressure.
  • this team incorporates the concept of internal resistances inside the chamber, combustion is the basis for the elimination of waste, which implies the emission into the atmosphere of dioxins and other pollutants. Additionally, the amount of water and energy required in this case is very
  • the application KR 20100053396, related to a cremation incinerator using microwaves is provided, which is provided to produce strong crystals by removing iron dust from the ashes, where said incinerator has a shape substantially cylindrical and allows to creme and crush the remains in ashes.
  • Said oven has a ceramic plate, where the ashes are located and the microwaves are applied through a metal plate at the bottom of the oven to heat said ashes, then apply cold and cool them for a predetermined time, forming the cooled material in circular crystals in a post-treatment device.
  • the incineration is based on the use of microwaves and a series of ceramic and metal plates, which allow to apply a treatment of abrupt temperature changes to form crystals, a fact that implies the use of complex technologies and a large consumption of energy, which in the end represents an increase in operating costs.
  • the equipment mentioned above is combustion-based equipment, which implies the emission of air pollutants resulting from cremation, such as dioxins, carbon dioxide, sulfur and many other polluting substances difficult to control with current technology and which are part of the so-called group of greenhouse gases (GHG).
  • GOG group of greenhouse gases
  • dioxins which belong to the so-called "dirty dozen,” a group of hazardous chemicals that are part of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).
  • POPs persistent organic pollutants
  • Dioxins are found in the environment and accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the adipose tissue of animals, where they are very soluble. Once in the food, dioxins become highly harmful to humans, who are exposed to them when they consume meat and dairy products, fish and shellfish.
  • the invention of the Spanish patent ES2371990 was developed, which refers to an incineration process based on alkaline hydrolysis.
  • the application in question refers to a hydrolysis unit and a coffin for use in an alkaline hydrolysis process.
  • the coffin comprises a dissolvable receptacle for the corpse, the receptacle being dissolvable in the alkaline hydrolysis process.
  • the alkaline hydrolysis unit (10) comprises a stainless steel pressure vessel (12), with a capacity of 304L / 316L, reaches a working temperature of 180 ° C and has a door (14) Stainless steel with a handle (16).
  • the pressure vessel (12) is mounted on a mobile platform, that is, the pressure vessel (12) has legs (18) and a mobile platform (20).
  • the legs (18) are provided with lifting supports (22).
  • the pressure vessel is hollow, and defines a chamber (24) within the pressure vessel (12).
  • Inside the chamber (24) there is a spray bar (26), which is mounted on the top of the chamber (24).
  • the spray bar (26) is elongated, and has nozzles (28) distributed throughout its length.
  • the spray bar (26) has a water inlet (30).
  • a drain (32) in the form of an opening in the chamber (24).
  • the drain (32) is connected to an outlet duct.
  • the position of the drain away from the door (14) allows a simple wash.
  • this heating / cooling tube (34) is connected at both ends to a duct system. Hot water, hot steam, or cold water can be passed through the heating / cooling tube (34), to regulate the temperature of the chamber (24), as necessary.
  • the unit (10) comprises a bone retention tray (1 10) comprising a flat tray part 1 12 that receives the coffin and a head retention means 1 14, which are in general a perforated stainless steel mesh.
  • Tray piece 1 12 is approximately the same length and width as a coffin and is substantially flat, except that its two longitudinal edges are inclined upward about 30 degrees.
  • These upwardly inclined edges form rails 1 16, which are provided with slide guides of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to allow tray 1 10 to be inserted easily in, and removed from the alkaline hydrolysis unit 10.
  • the rails 1 16 may be integrally formed in the rest of the flat tray part 1 12, or they may be formed separately and fixed thereto.
  • the equipment of the present invention not only overcomes the problems associated with the costs and process times, but also allows us to obtain from the reduction of meat residues from the bovine animals benefit plants, saponified by-products for immediate manufacture of new products such as Soap, degreasers and others.
  • the calcium obtained in the bone reduction of the same process is of optimum quality for the production of fertilizers, mineralized salt, concentrates, etc.
  • Figure 1 Rear view of the equipment (1) of the present invention without the back cover (22).
  • Figure 2 Cross section of the equipment (1) of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 Longitudinal section of the equipment (1) of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 Rear view of the equipment of the present invention where the rear cover (21) is shown, with the thread attachment point
  • FIG. 5 Front perspective of the equipment of the present invention, without the front door (25)
  • Figure 6A Front view of the front cover (25) that closes the equipment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6B Side view of the front cover (25) that closes the equipment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7A Front view of an alternative front cover (25A) that closes the equipment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7B Side view of an alternative front cover (25A) that closes the equipment of the present invention.
  • FIG 7C Front view of the equipment of the present invention, without the front door (25A) and with the screw (25A7), which secures the cover (25A)
  • Figure 8 Iron (4) of the equipment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 Thermal chamber (3) of the equipment of the present invention.
  • the present invention consists of an equipment for reduction and final disposal of organic waste (1) comprising in its upper part a reduction chamber (2), vault type, and in its lower part a thermal chamber (3) in the form of " U "rectangular, said chambers are separated by a plate (4), where the plate (4) has a longitudinal central section attached to a channel (41) with a semicircular bottom, where the resistance (5) is housed, and this channel (41) has an exit hole (42), through which the material resulting from the process is extracted, where the plate (4) is placed so that the channel (41) is located in the inside of the "U” of the thermal chamber (3), the latter has a burner (31) and an outlet (32), as shown in Figures 1 and 2
  • the reduction chamber (2) has in its front part an external track (22) with an internal track (23) and a closing ring (24), shown in Figures 3 and 5.
  • the closing ring (24) is attached to the front surface of the outer race (22), has a gasket (221), said ring (24) has pins (241) where it adjusts the cover (25)
  • said front cover (25) is a spider-type door, with a locking system (252), which includes a handle (253), pins (254) and pivoting bars (255).
  • the pivot bars (255) extend or contract depending on the direction in which the handle (253) is rotated.
  • the pivoting bars (255) extend into the closing ring (24) and the pins (241) lock the bars and seal the chamber (2).
  • the inner cover (251) of the front cover (25) seals against the inner race (23).
  • This combination of cover (25) and back cover (251) is the one that guarantees a double seal that prevents any leakage of the material that is inside the chamber (2).
  • the front cover (25A) comprises a back cover (25A1), which seals the reduction chamber with the inner race (23), the back cover (25A1) fixed by a screw (25A2) that passes through the cover front (25A) by means of a bushing with internal thread (25A3).
  • a box with inner bearing (25A4) which is welded to the back cover (25A1) and allows the screw (25A2) to turn freely on it and the bushing thread (25A3) Push the screw (25A2), which is turned by the action of an external flywheel (25A5).
  • the mechanism reaches the center of the back cover (25A1), that is, above the center of the front cover (25A).
  • this cover (25A1) has a side groove (25A6), which allows the previous closing of said cover (25A1), fixing it by means of a screw (25A7) that comes out on the front track (23) and is tightened with a female handwheel smaller, which is not shown in the figures.
  • the internal cover (25A1) is adjusted by turning the handwheel (25A5) with the screw (25A2) to seal the reduction chamber (2).
  • the lid (25A) It presents a guide of the back cover (25A8), which guarantees that the back cover (25A1) does not turn while the screw (25A2) is turning. Complementing this modality, the elements mentioned above are shown in Figures 7A / 7B / 7C.
  • the reduction chamber (2) comprises other inputs (26) to which control elements such as, manometer, thermometer, pressure switch, thermostat, relief or safety valve, bypass, pump are connected empty, mix input among others.
  • control elements such as, manometer, thermometer, pressure switch, thermostat, relief or safety valve, bypass, pump are connected empty, mix input among others.
  • said reduction chamber (2) is characterized by having a coating (27) and can include a level of water in glass (28) or internal sensors that determines the level of liquid or mixture inside it.
  • the plate (4) has an inclination (43) towards the central area, specifically towards the channel (41), in order to facilitate that all waste slides towards the channel (41) and from there it can be removed through the exit orifice (42), allowing no debris to accumulate in the reduction chamber (2), once the process is finished.
  • the dimensions of said hole (42) range from 5 cm to 13 cm, preferably 7.62 cm (3 inches).
  • the different angles of inclination (43) can be observed in Figures 2, 3 and 7.
  • the thermal chamber (3) As for the thermal chamber (3), this is an open chamber in its upper part, as illustrated in Figure 8, the closing of the chamber is given by the iron (4), which acts as the roof of the thermal chamber (3) and floor of the reduction chamber (2).
  • the thermal chamber (3) is made of refractory material, to conserve heat, it is powered by a burner (31) of 250,000 btu or 400,000 btu, depending on the need, and has an outlet (32), which allows heat to be removed generated inside the thermal chamber (3). Said outlet (32) is connected to a chimney that has a vent (321) and a flange (322).
  • the equipment (1) includes a perforated sheet (8), preferably in aluminum since this material provides a good heat transfer.
  • the sheet (8) is supported by weighing cell-type springs (81), which provide information on the weight of the material to be treated.
  • the number of springs (81) ranges from 6 to 10 springs.
  • Said sheet (8) is located on the plate (4), maintaining a distance ranging from 5 cm to 10 cm.
  • the length and width of the sheet (8) corresponds between 80% and 95% of the dimensions of the plate (4).
  • said sheet (8) has an unevenness (82) towards the lateral edges of the reduction chamber (2).
  • the equipment comprises a condensing tank (91) for the treatment of spills, because although they leave the unit with parameters that are within the values allowed by the standard, the condenser allows the liquid discharge and controlled, which is desirable in the extreme case that any of the parameters of the Shedding is outside the values admitted in the standard, as could be the case with the temperature parameter.
  • the unit (10) comprises an electrical control panel that regulates the resistance supply (5), the burner (31) and the filling pump of the feeder tank (7), where the alkaline mixture
  • the relief valve connected to one of the inlets (26) is calibrated slightly above other control elements, such as the manometer, thermometer, pressure switch and thermostat, in order to avoid Accidents in extreme cases.
  • the equipment (1) of the present invention may optionally comprise a brake located on the electrical control panel, which allows the operator to close the energy passage in the event that any emergency occurs.
  • the equipment is built in 304 stainless steel of different sizes and sizes and the slab is made of carbon steel.
  • the process for the reduction and final disposal of organic waste by alkaline hydrolysis which comprises the steps of:
  • the material to be reduced and / or transformed is selected from the group consisting of organic waste, hazardous hospital, biological, pathological, pet, meat, corpse, exhumations or any other waste.
  • the control accessories are previously calibrated to the necessary pressure and temperature, so that the equipment is automatically turned off in the event that the equipment operator is neglected and the pressure and temperature reach the set limit.
  • controls such as pressure gauge and thermometer are calibrated so that the operator can complete the process at any time, preventing the equipment from reaching the limit values calibrated on the pressure switch and / or the thermostat.
  • the burner can be turned on again for 2 minutes and simultaneously, turn on a vacuum pump that goes connected to the equipment for this purpose.
  • the total reduction time depends on the amount of waste that is being processed, but the estimated values fluctuate between 20 and 100 minutes, the average reduction time for pets being between 45 to 60 minutes, while the reduction time for human bodies It ranges from 80 to 100 minutes.
  • the equipment of the present invention far exceeds the parameters required by the closest equipment in the state of the art.
  • the tests carried out allowed us to establish that gas consumption is minimal, since it is only used for 4 minutes at the beginning of the process and 2 to 3 minutes at the end of the process, which significantly reduces the costs associated with this resource and therefore, the costs of the total process, especially when compared to the costs of the Resomation process, which requires electrical energy for its operation.
  • a relevant benefit of the equipment disclosed here is that it is 100% environmentally friendly, since it includes landfill management, while the waste from the Resomation-developed device goes directly to the sewer.
  • Another advantage of the present invention over other equipment is that once the process is finished, the equipment can be depressurized immediately, since the alkaline vapors and residues resulting from the process are sent to a dumping tank where it condenses, solids and fats are separated among others and finally, the arrangement of them is made.
  • feeder tank (7) independent of the reduction chamber (2), that allows to apply and mix the appropriate amount of alkali for each process, and is designed so that the alkali returns, when it is preparing organic fertilizer, since it is mineralized there according to the desired formulation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un équipement pour la réduction et l'élimination finale de résidus organiques, comme les résidus hospitaliers dangereux, les résidus anatomopathologiques, la réduction squelettique d'animaux de compagnie, de produits carnés, la réduction squelettique d'êtres humains, et la réduction et la transformation de matière végétale (biomasse) en engrais organiques et améliorants des sols, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une chambre de réduction (2), de type voûte, et sous celle-ci, une chambre thermique (3) en forme de "U" rectangulaire. Lesdites chambres sont séparées par une planche (4), ladite planche (4) présentant dans sa partie postérieure une découpe centrale longitudinale assemblée à un canal (41) de fond semi-circulaire, où est logée une résistance (5), ledit canal (41) présentant un orifice de sortie (42) à travers lequel est extrait le matériau obtenu par le procédé, le canal (41) se situant dans la partie intérieur du "U" de la chambre thermique (3). L'invention concerne également un procédé pour la réduction et l'élimination finale mis en œuvre par l'équipement décrit. Parmi les avantages présentés par ledit équipement, on peut citer la faible consommation d'eau et d'énergie, la suppression de l'émission de dioxines, dioxyde de carbone et composés organiques persistants (COP) dans l'atmosphère ; l'équipement permettant également d'obtenir des graisses et suifs saponifiés, prêts à être utilisés pour la fabrication immédiate d'autres sous-produits de type savon, dégraissants et détergents, et du calcium de qualité optimale pour l'élaboration d'engrais, sel minéralisé, concentrés, etc.
PCT/IB2018/052990 2017-04-20 2018-04-30 Équipement et procédé pour la réduction et l'élimination finale de résidus organiques par hydrolyse alcaline Ceased WO2018193434A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CONC2017/0003869 2017-04-20
CONC2017/0003869A CO2017003869A1 (es) 2017-04-20 2017-04-20 Equipo y proceso para la reducción y disposición final de residuos orgánicos mediante hidrólisis alcalina

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018193434A1 true WO2018193434A1 (fr) 2018-10-25

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PCT/IB2018/052990 Ceased WO2018193434A1 (fr) 2017-04-20 2018-04-30 Équipement et procédé pour la réduction et l'élimination finale de résidus organiques par hydrolyse alcaline

Country Status (2)

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CO (1) CO2017003869A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018193434A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB430870A (en) * 1933-10-05 1935-06-26 Bbc Brown Boverie & Cie Improvements in furnaces
US20090311766A1 (en) * 2008-06-15 2009-12-17 Muth Mark R Apparatus and method for hydrolyzing biological material
CN201973723U (zh) * 2011-03-24 2011-09-14 民政部一零一研究所 一种火化机的电加热烟气净化装置
KR20170009564A (ko) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-25 합자회사 세화산업사 급속 열분해를 이용한 멀티플 화장로 시스템

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB430870A (en) * 1933-10-05 1935-06-26 Bbc Brown Boverie & Cie Improvements in furnaces
US20090311766A1 (en) * 2008-06-15 2009-12-17 Muth Mark R Apparatus and method for hydrolyzing biological material
CN201973723U (zh) * 2011-03-24 2011-09-14 民政部一零一研究所 一种火化机的电加热烟气净化装置
KR20170009564A (ko) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-25 합자회사 세화산업사 급속 열분해를 이용한 멀티플 화장로 시스템

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